Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-PL-446 | October 16, 2018 Page 1 of 11

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Stephen C. Wheeler

Smith Fisher Maas Howard & Lloyd, 

P.C.

Indianapolis, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Thomas M. Beeman 

Beeman Law 

Anderson, Indiana 

I N T H E

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Berkshire Hathaway Homestate 

Insurance Company,

Appellant-Defendant,

v.

Christina Basham d/b/a Basham 

Family, L.P.,

Appellee-Plaintiff,

Voldico, LLC, Andrew Vollmer, 

Standard Agencies, Inc., and 

Carol J. Jenkinson,

Defendants.

October 16, 2018

Court of Appeals Case No.

18A-PL-446

Appeal from the Madison Circuit 

Court

The Honorable David A. Happe, 

Judge

The Honorable Kevin M. Eads, 

Magistrate

Trial Court Cause No.

48C04-1704-PL-38

Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-PL-446 | October 16, 2018 Page 2 of 11

Statement of the Case

[1] Berkshire Hathaway Homestate Insurance Company (“Berkshire Hathaway”) 

appeals the trial court’s denial of its motion for partial summary judgment and 

grant of summary judgment for Christina Basham d/b/a Basham Family, L.P. 

(“Basham”) on Basham’s complaint, which alleged that Berkshire Hathaway

had wrongfully denied insurance coverage on a detached garage.

1

 Berkshire

Hathaway raises one issue for our review, namely, whether the trial court erred 

when it denied its motion for summary judgment and entered summary 

judgment for Basham.2 

[2] We affirm. 

Facts and Procedural History

[3] Basham owns fifteen rental properties. Basham obtained an insurance policy 

from Berkshire Hathaway to cover the rental properties, which was effective 

from November 17, 2016, until November 17, 2017. The insurance policy

provided, in relevant part, as follows:

A. Coverage

 

1

 Voldico, LLC; Andrew Vollmer; Standard Agencies, Inc.; and Carol J. Jenkinson, named defendants 

below, do not participate in this appeal. 

2

 Basham cross appeals and asserts that the trial court erred when it concluded that the insurance policy was 

ambiguous. However, because we must determine whether the contract was ambiguous in order to address 

Berkshire Hathaway’s claim, we need not separately address Basham’s contention on cross-appeal. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-PL-446 | October 16, 2018 Page 3 of 11

[Berkshire Hathaway] will pay for direct physical loss of or 

damage to Covered Property at the premises described in the 

Declarations caused by or resulting from any Covered Cause 

of Loss.

1. Covered Property

Covered Property, as used in this Coverage Part, means 

the type of property described in this section, A.1., and 

limited in A.2, Property Not Covered, if a Limit of 

Insurance is shown in the Declarations for that type of 

property.

a. Building, meaning the building or structure described in 

the Declarations, including:

(1) Completed additions[.]

Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 24 (bold removed). The insurance policy also 

contained a section entitled “Property Not Covered,” which described various 

items or categories of items that were not covered by the insurance policy. 

[4] Berkshire Hathaway issued one insurance policy to cover all fifteen properties. 

In addition, Berkshire Hathaway issued declarations for each individual 

property. One of the covered properties is located in Elwood. The declarations 

for that property provided a description of the premises and the coverage 

provided. Under the “Description of Premises,” the declarations identified the 

premises as “Premises Number: 15[,] Building Number: 1[.]” Id. at 23. The 

declarations also included an address of 800 N. 13th St., Elwood, IN 46036, 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-PL-446 | October 16, 2018 Page 4 of 11

and it listed the occupancy as “RENTAL DWELLINGS–OTHER THAN 

STUDENT HOUSING.” Id. 

[5] The premises in Elwood included a house and a detached garage. On 

December 30, 2016, a fire burned down the garage and greatly damaged the 

house. Basham filed a claim with Berkshire Hathaway for the damages. 

Berkshire Hathaway paid for the damage to the house, but it denied Basham’s 

claim for damage to the detached garage. In particular, Berkshire Hathaway

stated that “the detached garage does not meet the definition of Covered 

Property, as outlined by the Policy. The garage was not specifically insured on 

the Policy. The Policy only applies to Covered Property.” Id. at 157. 

[6] On April 25, 2017, Basham filed a complaint against Berkshire Hathaway in 

which she alleged that Berkshire Hathaway had wrongfully denied insurance 

coverage on the detached garage. Thereafter, on July 17, Basham filed a 

motion for partial summary judgment.

3

 In that motion, Basham alleged that 

the insurance policy was unambiguous and covered the garage. In the 

alternative, Basham contended that, even if the policy was ambiguous, the 

ambiguous policy should be construed in her favor to cover the garage. 

[7] In response, Berkshire Hathaway asserted that the detached garage was not 

covered under the policy because the garage was not a completed addition. 

 

3

 Basham also included separate claims against other defendants in her complaint. But her motion for 

partial summary judgment was limited to her claims against Berkshire Hathaway. 
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Further, Berkshire Hathaway filed a counter motion for summary judgment in 

which it contended that the policy was unambiguous and did not cover the 

detached garage. In support of their respective motions for summary judgment, 

both parties designated the insurance policy and declarations as evidence. After 

a hearing on the cross motions for summary judgment, the trial court concluded 

that the insurance policy was ambiguous and interpreted the policy in Basham’s 

favor. Accordingly, the court determined that the detached garage was covered 

by the policy, entered summary judgment for Basham, and denied Berkshire

Hathaway’s motion for summary judgment. This interlocutory appeal ensued. 

Discussion and Decision

[8] Berkshire Hathaway contends that the trial court erred when it denied Berkshire

Hathaway’s motion for summary judgment and entered summary judgment for 

Basham. Our standard of review is clear. The Indiana Supreme Court has 

explained that

[w]e review summary judgment de novo, applying the same 

standard as the trial court: “Drawing all reasonable inferences in 

favor of . . . the non-moving parties, summary judgment is 

appropriate ‘if the designated evidentiary matter shows that there 

is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving 

party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’” Williams v. 

Tharp, 914 N.E.2d 756, 761 (Ind. 2009) (quoting T.R. 56(C)). “A 

fact is ‘material’ if its resolution would affect the outcome of the 

case, and an issue is ‘genuine’ if a trier of fact is required to 

resolve the parties’ differing accounts of the truth, or if the 

undisputed material facts support conflicting reasonable 

inferences.” Id. (internal citations omitted).
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The initial burden is on the summary-judgment movant to 

“demonstrate [ ] the absence of any genuine issue of fact as to a 

determinative issue,” at which point the burden shifts to the nonmovant to “come forward with contrary evidence” showing an 

issue for the trier of fact. Id. at 761-62 (internal quotation marks 

and substitution omitted). And “[a]lthough the non-moving 

party has the burden on appeal of persuading us that the grant of 

summary judgment was erroneous, we carefully assess the trial 

court’s decision to ensure that he was not improperly denied his 

day in court.” McSwane v. Bloomington Hosp. & Healthcare Sys., 

916 N.E.2d 906, 909-10 (Ind. 2009) (internal quotation marks 

omitted).

Hughley v. State, 15 N.E.3d 1000, 1003 (Ind. 2014) (omission and some 

alterations original to Hughley). “‘The fact that the parties have filed crossmotions for summary judgment does not alter our standard of review, as we 

consider each motion separately to determine whether the moving party is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’” SCI Propane, LLC v. Frederick, 39 

N.E.3d 675, 677 (Ind. 2015) (quoting Reed v. Reid, 980 N.E.2d 277, 285 (Ind. 

2012)). 

[9] Here, the trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon in its 

summary judgment order. While such findings and conclusions are not 

required in a summary judgment and do not alter our standard of review, they 

are helpful on appeal for us to understand the reasoning of the trial court. See 

Knighten v. E. Chicago Hous. Auth., 45 N.E.3d 788, 791 (Ind. 2015). 

[10] Both parties agree that coverage under the insurance policy is limited to 

Covered Property. But, on appeal, the parties dispute whether the detached 
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garage was “Covered Property” under the terms of the policy. “The 

interpretation of an insurance policy is primarily a question of law for the court, 

and it is therefore a question which is particularly suited for summary 

judgment.” Wagner v. Yates, 912 N.E.2d 805, 808 (Ind. 2009). 

[11] It is well settled that

[i]nsurance polices are governed by the same rules of 

construction as other contracts. . . . When interpreting an 

insurance policy, our goal is to ascertain and enforce the parties’ 

intent as manifested in the insurance contract. We construe the 

insurance policy as a whole and consider all of the provisions of 

the contract and not just the individual words, phrases or 

paragraphs. 

Am. Access Cas. Co. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 103 N.E.3d 644, 649 (Ind. Ct. App. 

2018) (internal citations omitted).

[12] “‘Policy terms are interpreted from the perspective of an ordinary policyholder 

of average intelligence. If reasonably intelligent persons may honestly differ as 

to the meaning of the policy language, the policy is ambiguous.’” Thomson Inc. 

v. Ins. Co. of N. Am., 11 N.E.3d 982, 993 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Gasser v. 

Downing, 967 N.E.2d 1085, 1087 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012)). “‘However, an 

ambiguity does not exist merely because the parties proffer differing 

interpretations of the policy language.’” Id. (quoting Buckeye State Mut. Ins. Co. 

v. Carfield, 914 N.E.2d 315, 318 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009)). 
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[13] The insurance policy provided that Berkshire Hathaway “will pay for direct 

physical loss of or damage to Covered Property at the premises described in the 

Declarations caused by or resulting from any Covered Cause of Loss.” 

Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 24. The policy further defined Covered Property, in 

relevant part, as the “Building, meaning the building or structure described in 

the Declarations” plus any “completed additions[.]” Id. (bold removed). Thus, 

we must determine whether the detached garage is covered under the policy as 

the “Building” or as a “completed addition.” We first address whether the 

detached garage is covered as the “Building.”

[14] The insurance policy explicitly defines the Building as “the building or structure 

described in the Declarations.” Id. And the declarations for the property at 

issue describe the premises as “Premises Number: 15[,] Building Number: 

1[.]” Id. at 23. It further describes the occupancy as “RENTAL 

DWELLINGS–OTHER THAN STUDENT HOUSING[.]” Id.

4 Based on the 

policy’s use of “the building or structure” in the singular, the declarations 

reference to building number 1, and the fact that the declarations page 

specifically describes the category of occupancy as “rental dwellings,” it is clear 

that the only building described in the declarations is the residential building. 

And, under the plain language of the insurance policy, only the “building or 

structure described in the Declarations” is covered as the “Building.” Id. 

 

4

 The contract also included a section titled “Property Not Covered,” which contained a lengthy list of 

specific items or categories of items that were not covered by the policy. There is no dispute that that section 

of the policy did not specifically exclude detached garages.
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Because the garage is not the building or structure described in the declarations, 

it is not covered under the policy as the “Building.” 

[15] Still, Basham contends that the detached garage is covered under the policy as 

the “Building” because it is a building located at the address provided in the 

declarations. But the insurance policy is clear. It does not say that it covers any 

building at the address. Rather, the insurance policy only covers “Covered 

Property” at the premises, which is “the building or structure described in the 

Declarations.” Id. (emphasis added). And, again, the declarations describe the 

residential dwelling, not the garage. However, our conclusion that the detached 

garage is not covered as the “Building” does not end our inquiry. We must also 

consider whether the detached garage is a completed addition under the policy. 

[16] The insurance policy does not define the term “completed addition,” although a 

term is not ambiguous simply because it is not defined. See Thompson Inc., 11 

N.E.3d at 993. Berkshire Hathaway asserts that the detached garage is not a 

completed addition because it is not physically attached to the house. To 

support its contention, Berkshire Hathaway relies on the definition of 

“addition” found in Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, which defines an 

“addition” as “a part added (as to a building or residential section).” MerriamWebster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addition (last visited 

October 2, 2018). Based on that definition and the fact that “[t]he term 

‘completed additions’ is listed under the term ‘building’” in the insurance 

policy, Berkshire Hathaway contends that any completed addition must be 

physically attached to the building in order to be insured as “Covered 
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Property.” Appellant’s Br. at 19. And because the garage is not physically 

attached to the house, Berkshire Hathaway asserts that the insurance policy is 

unambiguous and does not cover the garage. 

[17] We cannot agree that the term “completed addition” under the policy can only 

mean that a garage must be physically attached to the building to be insured. 

While an addition can be defined as “a part added” to a building, MerriamWebster, supra, that term can also be defined as an “annex.” Black’s Law 

Dictionary 46 (10th ed. 2014). And an “annex” is “a subsidiary supplementary 

structure either part of or separate from a main structure.” Webster’s Third New

Int’l Dictionary 87 (2002) (emphasis added). 

[18] We conclude that the term “completed addition” does not have a single 

meaning. As Berkshire Hathaway suggests, a “completed addition” can refer to 

a structure that is physically attached to a building. But that term can also refer 

to a supplementary structure that is separate from a building. Thus, Berkshire 

Hathaway’s reliance on one definition to the exclusion of another is misplaced. 

An ordinary policy holder of average intelligence could interpret the term 

“completed addition” to mean either an attached or separate structure. See 

Thomson Inc., 11 N.E.3d at 993. Because reasonably intelligent people may 

honestly differ as to the meaning of “completed addition,” that term is 

ambiguous. See id. 

[19] It is well settled that where there is an ambiguity, “insurance policies are to be 

construed strictly against the insurer.” Id. Because the term “completed 
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addition” is ambiguous, we strictly construe it against Berkshire Hathaway. 

Thus, the detached garage is covered under the insurance policy, and the trial 

court did not err when it entered summary judgment for Basham and when it 

denied Berkshire Hathaway’s motion for summary judgment. We therefore 

affirm the trial court.

[20] Affirmed. 

Crone, J., and Pyle, J., concur.