⁄—Œ –Àfi‘×›flÃ×—“

À“×Ã¤‹ ÕÃflÃ¤Õ ›—ÀŒÃ —⁄ fl––¤fl‘Õ

⁄—Œ Ãÿ¤ “×“Ãÿ ›×Œ›À×Ã

 ¤Ã¤Œfl“Õ ⁄—Œ ›—””—“ Õ¤“Õ¤Ù ø

‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ±o ›±¥ ́3æ·ø 2±2°Æ±o· ̈

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Â ¤Ã¤Œfl“Õ À“×Ã¤‹ ⁄—Œ

ÃŒÀÃÿÙ ×“›ÚÙ ø ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 2±2°Æ±o· ̈

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Ù Æa°Æa­a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆø2o ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ±o ø¥¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß

­· ̈ ́ø ̈aoÙ

 –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ Û fl°°a¥¥ø2 ̈­Ù

TMÚ

¤Œ×› ’Ú Õÿ×“Õ¤’×Ù Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ±o

 a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Â À“×Ã¤‹ ÕÃflÃ¤Õ

‹¤–flŒÃ”¤“Ã —⁄ ¤Ã¤Œfl“Õ

fl⁄⁄fl×ŒÕÂ ÷fl”¤Õ –Ú Ã¤ŒŒ«Ù › ̧ø·Æ3ø2Ù

fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Â ”×›ÿfl¤‘

...fl‘›—⁄⁄Ù fl1⁄2 ̈·21 À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÙ

 a ̈aÆø2­ fia2ao· ̈­ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Â

fiŒfl‹‘¤« ŸÚ ”fl«¤ÕÙ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ

›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø2o –a2­·±2 ÕaÆTM·1⁄2aÂ

Œ—fi¤ŒÃ flÚ –¤ÃÆ¤‘Ù ”Ú‹ÚÙ À2oaÆ

Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÙ a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Â

–Œ×ÃÆ ’Ú “fl flŒflÙ a ̈aÆø2­ ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a

›a2 ̈aÆ ”ø2ø1aÆÙ —øμ¥ø2o Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÙ

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Â À“×Ã¤‹

ÕÃflÃ¤Õ —⁄ fl”¤Œ×›flÂ ¤Œ×› ÿÚ

ÿ—‘‹¤ŒÙ ÷ŒÚÙ fl ̈ ̈±Æ2aß Ÿa2aÆø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a

À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Â fiŒÀ›¤ ¤Ú ›flÕ—‘‹Ù ÷ŒÚÙ

› ̧·ao ÷ ́o1a ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o

fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­Ù

“±Ú ðËÛÔÍÈÓË

‹Ú›Ú “±Ú ÌÊðÈÛ1⁄2TMÛðÌÈÎËÛÕ›

—–×“×—“

⁄×‘¤‹

”fl« Ôð ÓðÔÔ

”—‘‘« ›Ú ‹...«¤ŒÙ ›‘¤Œ’

ÀÚÕÚ ›—ÀŒÃ —⁄ fl––¤fl‘Õ
Ó

 ‹aoa2oø2 ̈­ Û fl°°a¥¥aa­Ù

fl°°aø¥ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ›± ́Æ ̈

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a “±Æ ̈ ̧aÆ2 ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø

Õø3 ́a¥ ›±2 ̈·Ù ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ÷ ́o1aÙ –Æa­·o·21

flÆ1 ́ao fl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÔÓÙ ÓððÁ

Õø2 ⁄Æø21⁄2·­1⁄2±Ù ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø

Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao Õa° ̈a3æaÆ ÔÏÙ ÓððÁ

fiao±ÆaÊ ’—Æ×“Õ’×Ù › ̧·ao ÷ ́o1aÙ ÿÀŸ ø2o Œ¤×“ÿflŒ‹ÃÙ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ÷ ́o1a­Ú

—°·2·±2 æß ÷ ́o1a Œa·2 ̧øÆo ̈

Œ¤×“ÿflŒ‹ÃÙ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ÷ ́o1aÊ

—2 ø2 øTMaÆø1a oøßÙ a·1 ̧ ̈aa2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±o ± ́Æ 2ø ̈·±2é­ øÆ3ao o±Æ1⁄2a­  ̈øμa  ̈ ̧a·Æ

±©2 ¥·TMa­Ú —o  ̈ ̧±­aÙ Æ± ́1 ̧¥ß ±2a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ øÆa a2Æ±¥¥ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o

 a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­  ̄ç flå ̃  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­ß­ ̈a3Ú fl3±21 ø¥¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ a2Æ±¥¥ao ·2  ̈ ̧a

 fl ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ø2 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÔÙððð ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa aø1⁄2 ̧ 3±2 ̈ ̧Ú fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a fl ·­

±æ¥·1ø ̈ao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa TMa ̈aÆø2­ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù 3ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aTMaÆa

oa°Æa­­·±2 ±Æ °±­ ̈Û ̈Æø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2 ­ ̈Æa­­ o·­±ÆoaÆ  ̄ç–ÃÕ‹å ̃ øÆa o±Æ1⁄2ao  ̈± ©ø· ̈ ©aaμ­ o±Æ

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ÆaoaÆÆø¥­ ø2o øÆa 1·TMa2 2± ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a·Æ

2aao o±Æ a®°ao· ̈ao 1⁄2øÆaÚ ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a © ̧± 1⁄2±33· ̈ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆ·3Ù 1⁄2øÆa o±a­

2± ̈ 1⁄2±3a ­±±2 a2± ́1 ̧Ú ‘·μa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2øTMø¥Æß ±o fl¥oÆaoÙ ‘±Æo Ãa22ß­±2é­ ç› ̧øÆ1a ±o
...a  ́­a  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 a ̈aÆø2­  ̈± ÆaoaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈©± °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ Ô

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈Ú

Ì

 ̈ ̧a ‘·1 ̧ ̈ fiÆ·1øoaÙå  ̈ ̧a­a TMa ̈aÆø2­ 3øß 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ ç3øμa Æa°¥ßå 2±Æ çÆaø­±2 © ̧ßå  ̈±

 ̈ ̧a çæ¥ ́2oaÆå ±o  ̈ ̧±­a Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­øoa ̈ßÚ 

 a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̧±3a oÆ±3 ©øÆ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 °­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ 3ø¥øo·aøÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao æß ¥ø©  ̈± o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ­ ́­ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­ ø­

 ̈ ̧aß Æa1ø·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧Ú «a ̈ · ̈  ̈øμa­ ø2 øTMaÆø1a ±o 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 o± ́Æ ßaøÆ­ o±Æ ø

TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± o ́¥¥ß øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­Ú ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈·3a 3ø2ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa

3±± ̈ao æß oaø ̈ ̧­Ú Ã ̧a oa¥øß­  ̧øTMa ©±Æ­a2ao ·2 Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ ßaøÆ­Ù ø­  ̈ ̧a ·2o¥ ́® ±o

·2¶ ́Æao  ̈Æ±±°­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 oÆ±3 oa°¥±ß3a2 ̈ ·2 ×ÆøØ ø2o flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2  ̧ø­ °¥ø1⁄2ao ø2

 ́2°Æa1⁄2aoa2 ̈ao ­ ̈Æø·2 ±2  ̈ ̧a flÙ ø2o  ̧ø­ ±TMaÆ© ̧a¥3ao  ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ a3°¥±ß­

 ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈ ̧a·Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú 

⁄±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ oa¥øß­ 1⁄2ø ́­a  ́22a1⁄2a­­øÆß 1Æ·ao ø2o °Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ú 

fl2o o±Æ ­±3a TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù 3±­ ̈ 2± ̈øæ¥ß  ̈ ̧±­a ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 1⁄2±3æø ̈ÛoaÆ·TMao 3a2 ̈ø¥

·¥¥2a­­a­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ –ÃÕ‹Ù  ̈ ̧a­a oa¥øß­ 3øß 3øμa  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa21⁄2a æa ̈©aa2 ¥·oa ø2o

oaø ̈ ̧Ú 

×2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈Ù  ̈©± 2±2Û°Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ù a ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ ›±33±2 Õa2­a

ø2o a ̈aÆø2­ À2· ̈ao o±Æ ÃÆ ́ ̈ ̧  ̄1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ç a ̈aÆø2­å  ̃Ù ­aaμ ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa ø2o Ô

oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao  ̈± Æa3aoß  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̄Ô ̃  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa
Ï

ø2o  ̄Ó ̃  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2

1⁄2¥ø·3­ æß  ̈ ̧a flÚ fl3±21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·­­ ́a­Ù a ̈aÆø2­ ø­μ  ́­  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a­a

oa¥øß­ TM·±¥ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­  ̈± Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2øÆa ø2o æa2ao· ̈­  ̈ ̧aß øÆa

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a o±Æ  ̧øÆ3­ ø2o ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ­ ́­ ̈ø·2ao © ̧·¥a ­aÆTM·21 ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ÆßÚ 

...a 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß o±Ú 

...a o± 2± ̈ Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·­ ø2­©aÆ ¥·1 ̧ ̈¥ßÚ ...a ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa °ÆaoaÆÆao ›±21Æa­­ ±Æ

 ̈ ̧a –Æa­·oa2 ̈  ̈±  ̧øTMa Æa3ao·ao  ̈ ̧a flé­ a1Æa1·± ́­ °Æ±æ¥a3­ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ± ́Æ

·2 ̈aÆTMa2 ̈·±2 © ̧a2 aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈é­  ̧øÆ3o ́¥ ­ ̧±Æ ̈1⁄2±3·21­ ø2o · ̈­

oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±°aÆ¥ß øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a 2aao­ ±o ± ́Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ o·Æ­ ̈ 1⁄2ø3a  ̈± ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ßaøÆ­ ø1±Ú 

ÿøo ›±21Æa­­  ̈øμa2  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·­· ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o Æa2oaÆao  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a  ́22a1⁄2a­­øÆß aTMa2

© ̧·¥a · ̈ ©ø­ °a2o·21 æao±Æa  ́­Ù ©a ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa æaa2  ̧ø°°ß  ̈±  ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±1⁄2aao·21­ ø2o a2 ̈aÆ ø2 ±ÆoaÆ ±o o·­3·­­ø¥Ú fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa¥ßÙ  ̧øo  ̈ ̧a fl ø1Æaao

©· ̈ ̧ a ̈aÆø2­ o±¥¥±©·21 ±Æø¥ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥ Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±3°¥a® °Æ±æ¥a3­Ù  ̈ ̧a a2o Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ­ ́Æa¥ß ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa æaa2 3±Æa ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß o±Æ ø¥¥

·2TM±¥TMaoÚ ...a ¶±·2ao ·2 ± ́Æ o·­­a2 ̈·21 1⁄2±¥¥aø1 ́aé­ ­ ́11a­ ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a oaoaÆ

­ ́æ3·­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈± °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­  ̈± a®°¥±Æa 3ao·ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ©a

Æa1Æa ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aoo±Æ ̈ °Æ±TMao ±o 2± øTMø·¥Ú ...a ©·¥¥·21¥ß ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·2  ̈ ̧a±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a

°±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ æÆø21⁄2 ̧a­ ±o ± ́Æ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ øÆa æa ̈ ̈aÆ °±­· ̈·±2ao  ̈ ̧ø2 øÆa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­  ̈±

oa­·12  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ­øTMa TMa ̈aÆø2­é ¥·TMa­ ø2o  ̈± o ́¥o·¥¥ ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈Æßé­
Î

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2øÆa o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a © ̧±  ̧øTMa °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao  ́­Ú fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ±2¥ß ­± ·o  ̈ ̧±­a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ ·2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2­ øÆa ©·¥¥·21  ̈± o±  ̈ ̧a·Æ ¶±æÚ

...a øÆa °Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̧aÆa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o © ̧ø ̈  ̧ø°°a2­ © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥

æÆø21⁄2 ̧a­ oø·¥  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2 ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a

›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2 øoo·Æ3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –a±°¥a  ̧øTMa Æ·1 ̧ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú —2a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Æ·1 ̧ ̈ ·­  ̈± æa oÆaa oÆ±3  ́2¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ä ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o æa2ao· ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ± ́Æ ¥ø©­

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa TMa ̈aÆø2­  ́°±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÚ flæ­a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß

­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a °Æ±3·­a ©a 3øμa  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa1⁄2±3a­

©±Æ ̈ ̧¥a­­Ú ... ̧a2  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈  ̧øÆ3­ · ̈­ TMa ̈aÆø2­ æß  ̈ ̧a oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2­ ø ̈ ·­­ ́a

 ̧aÆaÙ  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈±  ̈ ́Æ2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ o±Æ Æa¥·aoÚ ×2oaaoÙ ± ́Æ ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ø2 ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ÷ ́o·1⁄2·øÆß °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß o±Æ ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­ ¥·μa  ̈ ̧·­Ù ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø

TM ́¥2aÆøæ¥a 1Æ± ́°Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ æa·21 oa2·ao · ̈­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ æß ø2  ́2Æa­°±2­·TMa 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ù

 ̧ø­ 2±© ̧aÆa a¥­a  ̈±  ̈ ́Æ2Ú “± 3±Æa 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ a®ø3°¥a a®·­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø2 © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ oø·¥­  ̈± øoo±Æo · ̈­ ·2¶ ́Æao ±Æ ©± ́2oao TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú ...øÆ­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ©øÆ­ ±o 1⁄2 ̧±·1⁄2aÙ  ̧øTMa 3ø2ß 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú floo±Æo·21 ± ́Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­

 ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ·­ ø °Æ·3øÆß ±2aÚ

Ã ̧aÆa 1⁄2±3a­ ø  ̈·3a © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ æÆø21⁄2 ̧a­  ̧øTMa ­± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a¥ß ø2o

1⁄2 ̧Æ±2·1⁄2ø¥¥ß oø·¥ao  ̈± Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a –a±°¥aé­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈
...a a3° ̧ø­·¶a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a øÆa °Æa­a2 ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1ÆøTMa Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥·oa ø2o oaø ̈ ̧Ù Ó

ø2o o ́2oø3a2 ̈ø¥ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æø¥ °Æ±æ¥a3­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ o ́¥o·¥¥3a2 ̈ ±o · ̈­ o ́ ̈ß

 ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ø ­aÆ·± ́­ 3ø ̈ ̈aÆÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ oa­aÆTMa­  ̈± æa  ̈øμa2 ­aÆ·± ́­¥ßÙ Æø ̈ ̧aÆ

 ̈ ̧ø2 ø­ ø2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± a3°¥±ß 3·¥· ̈øÆß 3a ̈ø° ̧±Æ­ ·2 ø oø·¥ao aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ̈ø·2

 ̈ ̧a ÆaøoaÆÚ

Í

æa ©·¥¥·21  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a3Ú ...a  ̧øTMa Æaø1⁄2 ̧ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ́2o±Æ ̈ ́2ø ̈a °±·2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̧·ooa2Ù ±Æ 2± ̈  ̧·ooa2Ù ©± ́2o­ ±o ©øÆÚ Ã ̧a

 flé­  ́21⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μao ·21⁄2±3°a ̈a21⁄2a  ̧ø­ 1±2a ±2 ¥±21 a2± ́1 ̧Â 2± 3±Æa TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­ ̧± ́¥o

æa 1⁄2±3°a¥¥ao  ̈± ø1±2·¶a ±Æ °aÆ·­ ̧ © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ oø·¥­  ̈± °aÆo±Æ3 · ̈­

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­Ú ÿøTM·21 1⁄2 ̧±­a2  ̈±  ̧±2±Æ ø2o °Æ±TM·oa o±Æ ± ́Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ æß 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa·21

 ̈ ̧a3  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÙ

 ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ 3øß 2± ̈ oa°Æ·TMa  ̈ ̧a3 ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ́21⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aøæ¥a ø2o

·2 ̈aÆ3·2øæ¥a oa¥øß­Ú fia1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a fl 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a­  ̈± oa2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß  ̧øTMa

æaa2 °Æ±3·­ao ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ øoo±Æo·21  ̈ ̧a3  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o ́a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a3  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a

›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2Ù ± ́Æ o ́ ̈ß ·­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a·Æ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú ... ̧a2  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øμa­ øÆa ­±  ̧·1 ̧ o±Æ ­± 3ø2ßÙ ©a 3 ́­ ̈Ù

©· ̈ ̧ © ̧ø ̈aTMaÆ Æa¥ ́1⁄2 ̈ø21⁄2aÙ o ́¥o·¥¥ ± ́Æ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈øμa  ̈ ̧·­ a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆß ­ ̈a°ÚÓ

...a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21­ ©· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± a ̈aÆø2­é­ TMøÆ·± ́­

1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 o±Æ3­ ±o Æa¥·ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈Ù

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­ß­ ̈a3Û©·oa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o TMøÆ·± ́­ fl 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ·2· ̈·ø ̈·TMa­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø¥ ̈aÆø ̈·±2 ±o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2
Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧a­a oø1⁄2 ̈­Ú ...a  ̈øμa ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ 2± ̈·1⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a 3±Æa Ì

1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ o·1 ́Æa­ °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a flÊ ÓÌ 3·¥¥·±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù ±o © ̧±3 ±2aÛ

 ̈ ̧·Æo  ̄Ë 3·¥¥·±2 ̃ øÆa 2±© a2Æ±¥¥ao o±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ±o © ̧±3 Ì 3·¥¥·±2 Æa1⁄2a·TMa o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­Ú Õaa fl

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

È

øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ·2 fl Æa1·±2ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2a­Ú ...a 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø­ o·o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈ °ÆaTMa2 ̈  ́­

oÆ±3 1Æø2 ̈·21 a ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß ­aaμÚ ...a ÆaTMaÆ­aÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21­ ±2 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ...a  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ oø1⁄2·21 °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ oa¥øß­

·2  ̈ ̧a oa¥·TMaÆß ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa TM·±¥ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧

fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ aÆÆao © ̧a2 · ̈ o± ́2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­aÚ ...a o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ

 ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ aÆÆao ·2 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ¥ø1⁄2μao ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a©

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± oa¥øß­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ aÆÆ±2a± ́­¥ß oa2·ao a ̈aÆø2­

 ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÚ ...a  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa

øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù ÆaTMaÆ­a ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù ø2o Æa3ø2o o±Æ o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­Ú 

fifl›’ŸŒ—À“‹

Ã ̧aÆa øÆa ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÓÎ 3·¥¥·±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú fl­ ±o

”øß ÓððÈÙ Æ± ́1 ̧¥ß ±2aÛØ ́øÆ ̈aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a3 ©aÆa a2Æ±¥¥ao o±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flÙÌ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ Ì

fia2ao· ̈­  ̇ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ›øÆa À ̈·¥·¶ø ̈·±2  ̄÷ ́¥ß ÌðÙ ÓðÔð ̃Ù øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÔÚTMøÚ1±TMÒ ¤Ã‹flÃflÒ–±1⁄2μa ̈Û›øÆoÒÏ»Í£­ ́33aÆÔð£­ ̧øÆa°±·2 ̈Ú°ooÚ 

À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù ”·­­·±2 Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈Ù Ï

øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÏÚTMøÚ1±TMÒøæ± ́ ̈£TMøÒ 3·­­·±2Úø­°Ú 

Ë

 ̈ ̧a 3·­­·±2 ±o © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­ ç ̈± o ́¥o·¥¥ –Æa­·oa2 ̈ ‘·21⁄2±¥2é­ °Æ±3·­a èÃ± 1⁄2øÆa o±Æ  ̧·3Ù

© ̧± ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧øTMa æ±Æ2a  ̈ ̧a æø ̈ ̈¥a ø2o o±Æ  ̧·­ ©·o±© ø2o o±Æ  ̧·­ ±Æ° ̧ø2é æß ­aÆTM·21

ø2o  ̧±2±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ø2o ©±3a2 © ̧± øÆa fl3aÆ·1⁄2øé­ TMa ̈aÆø2­Úå 

Ï Ã ̧a fl  ̧ø­

 ̈ ̧Æaa æÆø21⁄2 ̧a­Ê  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄ç ÿflå ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­

fia2ao· ̈­ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄ç fiflå ̃Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a “ø ̈·±2ø¥ ›a3a ̈aÆß flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

 ̄ç“›flå ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a ·2TM±¥TMa­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­

±o  ̈©± ±o  ̈ ̧±­a æÆø21⁄2 ̧a­Ù  ̈ ̧a ÿfl ø2o  ̈ ̧a fiflÚ

×Ú a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

À2oaÆ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÈ ±o Ã· ̈¥a ÌË ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›±oaÙ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa ø

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y

ÔÈÔðÚ Ã ̧·­ 1⁄2øÆa ·­ °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ÿfl ·­

ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø©  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa oÆaa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ø¥¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ­aÆTMao ·2 ø2ß

1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈ øo ̈aÆ “±TMa3æaÆ ÔÙ ÔÁÁËÙ o±Æ  ́°  ̈± o·TMa ßaøÆ­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o ­a°øÆø ̈·±2

oÆ±3 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2a o±Æ ø2ß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2Ù aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ·­ 2± ̈

ø ̈ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈øæ¥a  ̈± 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÚ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú yy ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ì ̃ ̄› ̃ ̄· ̃Â ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄‹ ̃Ú 
Á

”ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿfl ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ç3ao·1⁄2ø¥

a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2Ù  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù ø2o Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈·TMa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈðÔ ̄Í ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a ÿfl ·­ ø¥­± ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÙ æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa Æaøo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́2­a¥·21

ø2o Æa¥ø ̈ao 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± a¥·1·æ¥a TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÔÈÔÓflÚ Ã ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± ço ́Æ2·­ ̧ 1⁄2± ́2­a¥·21  ̈±

 ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ·2 Æaøo¶ ́­ ̈·21  ̈± 1⁄2·TM·¥·ø2 ¥·oaÚ Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2± ́2­a¥·21 3øß

·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1a2aÆø¥ 3a2 ̈ø¥ ø2o °­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± ø­1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2

© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧ø­ 3a2 ̈ø¥ ±Æ °­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±æ¥a3­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧

Æaøo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈  ̈± 1⁄2·TM·¥·ø2 ¥·oaÚå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔÓfl ̄ø ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄fl ̃Ú ×o ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ ø

ç1a2aÆø¥ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈å  ̈ ̧a fl 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø2 ø­­a­­3a2 ̈ çø­

­±±2 ø­ °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥ øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Ù æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 Ìð oøß­ øo ̈aÆ

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔÓfl ̄ø ̃ ̄Ì ̃Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ±Æ °­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·­ ̈

© ̧± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ÆaØ ́·Æa­

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ ç ̈± oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ Æaøo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈±

1⁄2·TM·¥·ø2 ¥·oaå  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ço ́Æ2·­ ̧ao ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÔÈÔÓfl ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ú

Ã ̧a ÿfl °Æ±TM·oa­  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ TM·ø ÓÔ Æa1·±2ø¥ a ̈aÆø2­

×2 ̈a1Æø ̈ao ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a “a ̈©±Æμ­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ ÔÎÌ fl  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥­  ̄±Æ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­ ̃Ù ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß Ëðð 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ßÛæø­ao ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­Ù ø2o Óðð
fl­  ̈ ̧a ›±33ø2oaÆÛ·2Û› ̧·ao Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1aoÙ –ÃÕ‹ ·­ ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a Î

 ̈©± ç­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ©± ́2o­ ±o  ̈±oøßé­ ©øÆ­Úå –Æa­·oa2 ̈ fiøÆø1⁄2μ —æø3øÙ Œa3øÆμ­ æß

 ̈ ̧a –Æa­·oa2 ̈ ·2 flooÆa­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a “ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a ¤2o ±o ›±3æø ̈ —°aÆø ̈·±2­ ·2 ×ÆøØ

 ̄fl ́1Ú ÌÔÙ ÓðÔð ̃Ú

Ôð

Œaøo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈ ›a2 ̈aÆ­  ̄±Æ ç a ̈ ›a2 ̈aÆ­å ̃  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú Ã ̧a

Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­ß­ ̈a3 ·­ ç3ø2ø1ao

·2 ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± a2Æ±¥¥aa­ ·­  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o

ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a ·2 Ø ́ø¥· ̈ßÚå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈðÎ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ì ̃Ú 

”±­ ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ a2Æ±¥¥ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fl Æa1⁄2a·TMa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ßÛæø­ao ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­Ú Ã ̧a­a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­ o± 2± ̈ °Æ±TM·oa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù aTMa2  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ø2  ́2°Æa1⁄2aoa2 ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o 2a©¥ßÛo·­1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao TMa ̈aÆø2­

 ̧øTMa æaa2 o·ø12±­ao ø­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 3a2 ̈ø¥ o·­±ÆoaÆ­Ù ·2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ –ÃÕ‹Ù ø­ ø

Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ·2 ×ÆøØ ±Æ flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2Ú fl°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ±2a ± ́ ̈ ±o aTMaÆß

 ̈ ̧Æaa ­±¥o·aÆ­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 oÆ±3 ×ÆøØ ©ø­ ­aa2 ·2 ø ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ßaøÆ ±o  ̧·­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú Ã ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ

±o °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ·­  ̧·1 ̧Â ­·21⁄2a —1⁄2 ̈±æaÆ ÓððÔÙ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÚÍ 3·¥¥·±2 3·¥· ̈øÆß °aÆ­±22a¥

 ̧øTMa ­aÆTMao ·2 ×ÆøØ ±Æ flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2Ù ø2o ø­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o ÓððÈÙ ±TMaÆ ËððÙððð

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ©øÆ­ ·2 ×ÆøØ ø2o flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2 ©aÆa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ fl  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ 

–ÃÕ‹ ·­ ø ¥aøo·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ o·­±ÆoaÆ o·ø12±­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a TMa ̈aÆø2­ÚÎ

fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± ‹ÆÚ flÆ ̈ ̧ ́Æ fi¥ø2μÙ ø °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·1⁄2 a®°aÆ ̈ © ̧±  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈
ÔÔ

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧·­ o·­±ÆoaÆ ·­ ø ç°­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ­ © ̧a2 °a±°¥a øÆa

a®°±­ao  ̈± a® ̈Æa3aÙ ¥·oaÛ ̈ ̧Æaø ̈a2·21 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3­ ̈ø21⁄2a­Ù ±Æ Å© ̧a2  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ·2Ã

·33ao·ø ̈a 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ oaø ̈ ̧ ø2oÒ±Æ 1Æ ́a­±3a2a­­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ Å© ̧ø ̈Ã ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ­ ·2

1⁄2±3æø ̈Ù ­aTMaÆa TMa ̧·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈­ ±Æ 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ o·­ø­ ̈aÆ­Ú × ̈ °Æ±o ́1⁄2a­ ø 1⁄2±3°¥a® ±o

°­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ ­ß3° ̈±3­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß a2o ́Æa ±TMaÆ  ̈·3aÚå Ã ̧±­a ­ß3° ̈±3­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa

ø2®·a ̈ßÙ °aÆ­·­ ̈a2 ̈ 2·1 ̧ ̈3øÆa­Ù oa°Æa­­·±2Ù  ́21⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥øæ¥a ø21aÆÙ ø2o o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈·a­

1⁄2±°·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ©±ÆμÙ oø3·¥ßÙ ø2o ­±1⁄2·ø¥ Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·°­Ú ⁄Æ±3 ÓððÓ  ̈± ÓððÌ  ̈ ̧aÆa ©ø­ ø

ÓÌÓ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ·21⁄2Æaø­a ·2 –ÃÕ‹ o·ø12±­a­ ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ æ±Æ2 øo ̈aÆ ÔÁÈÓÚ fl ÓððË

­ ̈ ́oß æß  ̈ ̧a Œfl“‹ ×2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÔËÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ÀÚÕÚ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a 3a3æaÆ­ © ̧±

 ̧øTMa Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao oÆ±3 ×ÆøØ ø2o flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß  ̧øTMa –ÃÕ‹Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÌððÙððð

­aÆTM·1⁄2a 3a3æaÆ­ 2±© oa°¥±ßao  ̈± ×ÆøØ ø2o flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2 ç1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ­ ́ooaÆ –ÃÕ‹ ±Æ

3ø¶±Æ oa°Æa­­·±2Úå ‹a¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2ø2 ¥aøo  ̈± ø¥1⁄2± ̧±¥·­3Ù oÆ ́1

øoo·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̧±3a¥a­­2a­­Ù ø2 ̈·Û­±1⁄2·ø¥ æa ̧øTM·±ÆÙ ±Æ ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ

 a ̈aÆø2­ ·2 1a2aÆø¥ oø1⁄2a ø  ̧a·1 ̧ ̈a2ao Æ·­μ ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ Õ ̈ ́o·a­ ­ ̧±©  ̈ ̧ø ̈

­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æø ̈a­ ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa 3 ́1⁄2 ̧  ̧·1 ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ø3±21  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ °±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú

—2a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈ ́oß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ç’ø ̈¶ Õ ́·1⁄2·oa Õ ̈ ́oßå ±o

⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððÍÙ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æø ̈a­ ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©aÆa ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÌÚÓ

 ̈·3a­  ̧·1 ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ø3±21  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ °±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ̈ ́oßÙ ø ­a2·±Æ

° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿflÙ ø¥­± a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅ ̈Ã ̧aÆa øÆa øæ± ́ ̈ ÔË
ÔÓ

­ ́·1⁄2·oa­ °aÆ oøß ø3±21 fl3aÆ·1⁄2ø2é­ ÓÎ 3·¥¥·±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­å ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa o± ́Æ  ̈±

o·TMa ­ ́·1⁄2·oa­ °aÆ oøß ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a flÚ

‹ÆÚ ’ø ̈¶ ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ß 2± ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ ç­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±±Æo·2ø ̈±Æ­å  ̧øo

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÔÙððð ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈­ °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧ ø3±21  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­

 ̈Æaø ̈ao ·2 ÿfl 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ú

×2 ÷ ́¥ß ÓððÏÙ  ̈ ̧a fl oaTMa¥±°ao ø2o øo±° ̈ao ø o·TMaÛßaøÆ ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧

Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ú —2a ±o · ̈­

1⁄2±Æa ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TMa­ ©ø­  ̈± çÅÆÃao ́1⁄2a ­ ́·1⁄2·oa­ ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­Úå ×2 ”øß ÓððÈÙ

 ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a fl —oo·1⁄2a ±o ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ Ÿa2aÆø¥  ̄ç—×Ÿå ̃ ·­­ ́ao ø Æa°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́o·21

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3ø2ß 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧±­a Æa¥ø ̈·21

 ̈± ­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̧øo 2± ̈ æaa2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈aoÚ ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

Æa1⁄2±Æo ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aTMa2 ·2 øÆaø­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈ao  ̈± o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a

”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2Ù  ̈ ̧a 3aø­ ́Æa­ ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2ao  ̧øTMa oø¥¥a2 ­ ̧±Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a

–¥ø2é­ a®°Æa­­ 1±ø¥­Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a –¥ø2 1⁄2ø¥¥ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧±Æ± ́1 ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

­1⁄2Æaa2·21 o±Æ çÅaÃTMaÆß Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 ­aÆTM·1⁄2a 3ø2Ò©±3ø2 Ú Ú Ú ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û

oa°¥±ß3a2 ̈ ø2o ­a°øÆø ̈·±2 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2Úå ”a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ­1⁄2Æaa2·21 ·­ 2±©

ø 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2 © ̧a2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ o·Æ­ ̈ a2Æ±¥¥ ·2

 ̈ ̧a flÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2Æaa2·21 ·­ 2± ̈ Æ·1±Æ± ́­ ø2o o±a­ 2± ̈ ø¥©øß­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é

Æ·­μ ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa ­1⁄2Æaa2ao o±Æ –ÃÕ‹Ù oa°Æa­­·±2Ù  ̈Æø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2
Ã ̧a ·2 ̈Æø2­· ̈·TMa TMaÆæ ç°Æa­a2 ̈å ·­  ́­ao æß  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧1⁄2øÆa °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥­  ̈± 3aø2 Í

ç ̈± 1⁄2±3a æao±Æa ø ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2  ̄©· ̈ ̧ ø °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ ­ß3° ̈±3Ù 3ao·1⁄2ø¥  ̧·­ ̈±ÆßÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃å

...aæ­ ̈aÆé­ “a© ...±Æ¥o ›±¥¥a1a ‹·1⁄2 ̈·±2øÆß  ̄ÓðÔð ̃Ú

fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo o±a­ 2± ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈a a®°¥·1⁄2· ̈¥ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧±­a © ̧± ø2­©aÆ ç2±å  ̈± È

æ± ̈ ̧ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ø¥­± Æa1⁄2a·TMa 2± o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧aß a®°aÆ·a21⁄2ao oÆaØ ́a2 ̈

­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥ ·3° ́¥­a­ °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ ©a 2± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ ø¥­± ø ¥±1·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oaÆa21⁄2aÚ

ÔÌ

æÆø·2 ·2¶ ́ÆßÙ 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­a® ́ø¥  ̈Æø ́3øÙ ø2o °Æ±æ¥a3 oÆ·2μ·21Ù  ̈ ̧a·Æ Æ·­μ ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·­

2± ̈ ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ø­­a­­aoÚ fl¥¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß °Æa­a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥ Í

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ±Æ øoo·1⁄2 ̈·±2 o·­±ÆoaÆ­ øÆa ­1⁄2Æaa2ao o±Æ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æ·­μÙ æ ́ ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈  ̈©± Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­

øÆa ø­μaoÊ

 ̄Ô ̃ ç‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈  ̈©± ©aaμ­Ù  ̧øTMa ß± ́ oa¥ ̈ o±©2Ù oa°Æa­­aoÙ ±Æ

 ̧±°a¥a­­·å

 ̄Ó ̃ ç‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈  ̈©± ©aaμ­Ù  ̧øTMa ß± ́  ̧øo ø2ß  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥·oa

©ø­ 2± ̈ ©±Æ ̈ ̧ ¥·TM·21 ±Æ ø2ß  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ̈­ ±o  ̧øÆ3·21 ß± ́Æ­a¥o ·2 ø2ß

©øß·å

 a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ø2­©aÆ çßa­å  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2Ù æ ́ ̈ ç2±å  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o Ø ́a­ ̈·±2

øÆa 2± ̈ 1·TMa2 ø2ß o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æ·­μ ­1⁄2Æaa2·21Ù  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧aß øÆa æa·21 øo3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈±

ø2 ·2°ø ̈·a2 ̈ °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·1⁄2  ́2· ̈Ú 

È

Ã ̧a ”øß ÓððÈ —×Ÿ Æa°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ©ø­ ø ©·oa­°Æaøo øæ­a21⁄2a ±o

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 3aø­ ́Æa­ ø ̈ ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ú Ã ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÍÔÚË

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̧øo 2± ̈ ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2ao ø ­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈Æø ̈a1ß  ̈±  ̈øÆ1a ̈

TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 oÆ±3 ×ÆøØ ø2o flo1 ̧ø2·­ ̈ø2 ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÏÓÚÈ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧
Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 2± ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a ±oo·1⁄2aÆ­ Æa1⁄2a·TMa ¶ ́­ ̈  ̈©± ø2o ±2a  ̧ø¥o Ë

oøß­ ±o ­°a1⁄2·ø¥  ̈Æø·2·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ Æ±¥aÚ 

ÔÏ

oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̧øo 2± ̈ ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2ao ø °Æ±1Æø3  ̈± ao ́1⁄2ø ̈a o·Æ­ ̈Û1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈Ù 2±2Û3ao·1⁄2ø¥

°aÆ­±22a¥ øæ± ́ ̈  ̧±©  ̈± Æa­°±2o  ̈± 1⁄2Æ·­·­ ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­ ·2TM±¥TM·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø ̈ Æ·­μ o±Æ

­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈ ø¥­± o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Èð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̧øo 2± ̈

·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2ao ø ­ß­ ̈a3  ̈±  ̈Æø1⁄2μ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± °Æa­a2 ̈ao Æ·­μ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ o±Æ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ø2o

ÔÍÚÏ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̧øo 2± ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ÆaoaÆÆø¥ ­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ú fiß ÓððÁÙ aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÔÎÌ ÿfl ”ao·1⁄2ø¥ ›a2 ̈aÆ­  ̧øo ø

­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 ±oo·1⁄2aÆÙ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao ©· ̈ ̧ ±TMaÆ­aa·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ±o ø ̈ÛÆ·­μ

°ø ̈·a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧aÆa ©aÆaÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ 2± ­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 ±oo·1⁄2aÆ­ ø ̈ ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a Ë

ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß Ëðð 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ßÛæø­ao ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­Ù © ̧aÆa 3±­ ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­

Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆaÚ

Ã ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÿflé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ­ß­ ̈a3ø ̈·1⁄2 °Æ±1Æø3 oa­·12ao  ̈±

Æao ́1⁄2a TMa ̈aÆø2­é Æ·­μ ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oa  ̧ø­ æaa2 3ø12·o·ao æß · ̈­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± øo±° ̈ 3aø­ ́Æa­

 ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ o·­±ÆoaÆ­ øÆa ­©·o ̈¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø2o

±ooaÆao  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ú fl­  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2oÙ  ̈ ̧a ”øß ÓððÈ —×Ÿ Æa°±Æ ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao

­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ oa¥øß­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °ÆaTMa2 ̈ao TMa ̈aÆø2­ oÆ±3 ±æ ̈ø·2·21  ̈·3a¥ß ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ÆaoaÆÆø¥­

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o oa°Æa­­·±2 ø2o –ÃÕ‹Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

© ̧aÆa ø °Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2øÆa °Æ±TM·oaÆ ÆaoaÆ­ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 oa°Æa­­·±2 ©· ̈ ̧
ÔÎ

­ß3° ̈±3­ ±o 3±oaÆø ̈a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ßÙ ±2¥ß Ïð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o fl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ø ­ø3aÛ

oøß aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2Ù © ̧aÆaø­ ÓÏÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o fl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ø ©ø· ̈·21 °aÆ·±o ±o

 ̈©±  ̈± o± ́Æ ©aaμ­Ù ø2o ÏÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ø ©ø· ̈·21 °aÆ·±o ±o o± ́Æ  ̈±

a·1 ̧ ̈ ©aaμ­Ú Õ·3·¥øÆ¥ßÙ ±2¥ß ÌÌÚÍ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o fl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ­ø3aÛoøß

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ÆaoaÆÆao ©· ̈ ̧ ­ß3° ̈±3­ ±o –ÃÕ‹Ù © ̧·¥a ÓÍ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈

Æa°±Æ ̈ao ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­ ±o  ̈©±  ̈± o± ́Æ ©aaμ­Ù ø2o ÎÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­ ±o

o± ́Æ  ̈± a·1 ̧ ̈ ©aaμ­Ú Ã ̧a­a a® ̈a2­·TMa ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­ 1⁄2ø2  ̧øTMa oaTMø­ ̈ø ̈·21 Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ o±Æ

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆ·± ́­ 3a2 ̈ø¥ ·¥¥2a­­a­Ú

Ã ̧a fl  ̧ø­ ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1ao  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æ ́1⁄2·ø¥ ·3°±Æ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈·3a¥ß 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ o±Æ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥ ·¥¥2a­­a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo ·­

Æa°¥a ̈a ©· ̈ ̧ a®ø3°¥a­ ±o ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈­Ù æ± ̈ ̧ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 ø2o ±Æø¥Ù æß ­a2·±Æ ÿfl

° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2­ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­  ́2oaÆ­1⁄2±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·3°±Æ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈·3a¥ß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆaÚ 

—2a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ a®ø3°¥a ·­ ø 3a3±Æø2o ́3 ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 æß ...·¥¥·ø3 ⁄aa¥aßÙ © ̧±Ù  ́2 ̈·¥ fl°Æ·¥

ÓððÁÙ ©ø­  ̈ ̧a ‹a° ́ ̈ß À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß o±Æ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ —°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø2o ”ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a ÿflÚ ×2 ÷ ́2a ÓððÈÙ  ̧a ·­­ ́ao ø 3a3±Æø2o ́3 ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ±o ø¥¥

ÓÔ a ̈aÆø2­ ×2 ̈a1Æø ̈ao ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a “a ̈©±Æμ­  ̈± æa1·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2

·2· ̈·ø ̈·TMa­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2  ̈ ̧a ÓððÏ ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧±­a

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa·21  ̈·3a¥ß 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a 3a3± ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø TMa ̈aÆø2

© ̧± °Æa­a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·­­ ́a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈  ̈·3a ø ̈ ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ ±Æ
Ã ̧a­a 2 ́3æaÆ­ 3øßÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈¥ß  ́2oaÆÛÆa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o Á

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ø©ø· ̈·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·ø¥ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧·ao 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ×2 ̈a1Æø ̈ao ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a “a ̈©±Æμ ·2  ̈ ̧a

ŸÆaø ̈ ‘øμa­ Œa1·±2  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·2  ̧·­ Æa1·±2Ù ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ©ø­ ±2¥ß °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a

©ø· ̈ ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ ø 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ øo ̈aÆ  ̧a  ̧øo ø¥Æaøoß ©ø· ̈ao o±Æ Ìð oøß­  ̈±

­aa ø 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥Ú

ÔÍ

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ßÛæø­ao ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2 ­ ̧± ́¥o æa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÓÏ  ̧± ́Æ­Ú × ̈ ø¥­±

°Æ±TM·oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧± ­aaμ­ ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·­­ ́a­ ­ ̧± ́¥o

æa 1·TMa2 ø o±¥¥±©Û ́° ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÏ oøß­Ú «a ̈Ù fl øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao

æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ÓððÁ  ̈Æ·ø¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß  ̧øo 2± Æa°±Æ ̈­ ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈

a· ̈ ̧aÆ ·2· ̈·ø ̈·TMa 3a2 ̈·±2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß 3a3±  ̧øo æaa2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ­ß­ ̈a3Û

©·oaÚ ×2oaaoÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø­ ±o fl°Æ·¥ ÓððËÙ ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ËÎÙÏÎð

TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa3ø·2ao ±2 ÿfl ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ú 

Á

 a ̈aÆø2­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 3a2 ̈ø¥ ·¥¥2a­­a­ © ̧± øÆa  ̈±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß 3 ́­ ̈ ©ø· ̈ o±Æ

a® ̈a2oao °aÆ·±o­ ±o  ̈·3a æao±Æa Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈  ̧øTMa ¥· ̈ ̈¥a Æa1⁄2± ́Æ­aÚ fl TMa ̈aÆø2

 ̧ø­ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a Æ·1 ̧ ̈ 2±Æ  ̈ ̧a ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°aø¥ ø2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈±

°¥ø1⁄2a  ̧·3 ±2 ø ©ø· ̈ ¥·­ ̈Ù ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·­ 3øoa æß ø 1⁄2¥aÆ·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2·­ ̈Ú fiß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø­ ̈Ù ø TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ø°°aø¥

ø o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ 2 ́Æ­aé­ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧a 3 ́­ ̈ ©ø· ̈ o±Æ ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 °aÆ·±o ±o  ̈·3a

æao±Æa Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã± o± ­±Ù  ̧a 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2  ̈± ø ­±Û1⁄2ø¥¥ao

ç–ø ̈·a2 ̈ floTM±1⁄2ø ̈aÙå ø2 a3°¥±ßaa ±o  ̈ ̧a ÿfl ”ao·1⁄2ø¥ ›a2 ̈aÆ ø ̈ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2
ÔÈ

©ø­  ̈Æaø ̈ao © ̧± ·­ ø 1⁄2±¥¥aø1 ́a ±o  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ 2 ́Æ­a © ̧± °¥ø1⁄2ao  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ±2  ̈ ̧a

©ø· ̈ ¥·­ ̈Ú Ã ̧a –ø ̈·a2 ̈ floTM±1⁄2ø ̈a ¥±1­  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ·2 ø oø ̈øæø­a ø2o

ÆaoaÆ­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ”ao·1⁄2ø¥ ›a2 ̈aÆé­ › ̧·ao ±o Õ ̈øooÙ © ̧± 3 ́­ ̈ oa1⁄2·oa  ̧±©

 ̈± Æa­°±2o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ­aTMa2 oøß­Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o·­ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a

› ̧·ao ±o Õ ̈øooé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù  ̧a 3øß o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­

×2 ̈a1Æø ̈ao ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a “a ̈©±ÆμÙ © ̧± 3øμa­ ø o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­

1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o·­ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù  ̧a 3øß ø­μ  ̈ ̧a

‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2 a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ú Ã ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧·3­a¥o 3øß 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø

ÆaTM·a©Â ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ 3øß o± ­±Ú ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ o±a­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈

ø2 a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧ø­ 2± Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± μ2±©  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaTM·a©Ú Ã ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ±2¥ß ©øß  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈¥ß ¥aøÆ2  ̈ ̧a ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a ±o ø2 a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ·­  ̈±

o·¥a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ⁄Æaao±3 ±o ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 fl1⁄2 ̈Ú 

××Ú a ̈aÆø2­ fia2ao· ̈­ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ fia2ao· ̈ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·­  ̈ ̧a æÆø21⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ

TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­ °Æ±1Æø3­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °a2­·±2­ ø2o çÕaÆTM·1⁄2aÛ›±22a1⁄2 ̈ao ‹aø ̈ ̧

ø2o ‹·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2å æa2ao· ̈­Ú a ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao

o·­øæ·¥· ̈·a­ ä ·ÚaÚÙ o·­øæ·¥· ̈·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o ø o·­aø­a ±Æ ·2¶ ́Æß ·21⁄2 ́ÆÆao

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧Ù ±Æ ø11ÆøTMø ̈ao o ́Æ·21Ù ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ä øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈± 3±2a ̈øÆß

æa2ao· ̈­ ø­ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÔÔðÂ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÌÚÌðÌ ̄o ̃Ú 
fl TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ –ÃÕ‹ 3 ́­ ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥¥ß °Æ±TM·oa °Æ±±o ±o Ôð

ø ç­ ̈Æa­­±Æå aTMa2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆao o ́Æ·21  ̧·­ 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÚ Õaa ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ

y ÌÚÌðÏ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃  ̄ç·o  ̈ ̧a aTM·oa21⁄2a a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 a21ø1ao ·2 1⁄2±3æø ̈ Ú Ú Ú

ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3ao ­ ̈Æa­­±Æ ·­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±3æø ̈Ù ·2  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o 1⁄2¥aøÆ ø2o

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÔË

fl°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÌÚÏ 3·¥¥·±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß Æa1⁄2a·TMa 3±2a ̈øÆß æa2ao· ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a

 fiflÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3ø2ß Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ ±o ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ±Æ

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa  ̈± ̈ø¥¥ß ±Æ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß oa°a2oa2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧±­a

æa2ao· ̈­ o±Æ o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈Ú Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa

1⁄2±3°¥a®Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o ­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈ao

o±Æ3ø¥ ao ́1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±o Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù 3ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a3 3øß  ̧øTMa

o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ß ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥

 ̈ ̧·ÆoÛ°øÆ ̈ß ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÚ 

fl

Ã ̧a ¥øæßÆ·2 ̈ ̧·2a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±o ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fifl æa1·2­ ø ̈

±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ÎÈ fl Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a­ ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú Ã± ø°°¥ß

o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­Ù ø TMa ̈aÆø2 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø

ÓÌÛ°ø1a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ · ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fl Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ·2  ̧·­ øÆaøÚ ×2 ­ ́°°±Æ ̈

±o  ̧·­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 3 ́­ ̈ °Æa­a2 ̈ aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o  ̧·­ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧a

3·¥· ̈øÆß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o a2 ̈· ̈¥a  ̧·3  ̈± æa2ao· ̈­Ù ø2o ø 2a® ́­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o

 ̈ ̧a 3·¥· ̈øÆß ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÚ 

Ôð
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ Ôð

1⁄2±2TM·21⁄2·21 aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆß Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ¥øß  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ß ø¥±2a 3øß

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆa21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3ao ·2Û­aÆTM·1⁄2a ­ ̈Æa­­±ÆÚå ̃ fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± Œ±2ø¥o

fl ́3a2 ̈Ù o±Æ3aÆ¥ß ‹a° ́ ̈ß À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß o±Æ fia2ao· ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧·­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ Æa2oaÆ­ –ÃÕ‹Ûæø­ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø3±21  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈

1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a­Ú Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­

±o ̈a2 3øμa 3·­ ̈øμa­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3­ ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 aTM·oa21⁄2a ·2

­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ø2o TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 –ÃÕ‹  ̧øo ø

°øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß  ̧øÆo  ̈·3a o ́Æ2·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °Æ±°aÆ¥ßÚ ...a 2± ̈aÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a fl Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß ø3a2oao · ̈­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ çæß ¥·æaÆø¥·¶·21 ·2 ­±3a 1⁄2ø­a­  ̈ ̧a

aTM·oa2 ̈·øÆß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo o±Æ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2Û­aÆTM·1⁄2a ­ ̈Æa­­±Æå  ̈± 3øμa · ̈

­·3°¥aÆ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± o·¥a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ –ÃÕ‹ æø­ao ±2 ­ ̈Æa­­±Æ­ çÆa¥ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2é­ oaøÆ ±o  ̧±­ ̈·¥a 3·¥· ̈øÆß ±Æ  ̈aÆÆ±Æ·­ ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ßÚå Õ ̈Æa­­±Æ ‹a ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ

–±­ ̈ ̈Æø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2 Õ ̈Æa­­ ‹·­±ÆoaÆÙ ÈÎ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÌÁÙËÏÌÙ ÌÁÙËÏÌ  ̄÷ ́¥ß ÔÌÙ ÓðÔð ̃Â ­aa ÌË

›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÌÚÌðÏ ̄o ̃ ̄Ì ̃  ̄ÓðÔð ̃Ú 

ÔÁ

Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­ fl­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a fl1⁄2 ̈Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔðÌÙ ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fifl

 ̧ø­ ø ço ́ ̈ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈å TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù ÆaØ ́·Æ·21 · ̈  ̈± ø·o  ̈ ̧a3 ·2 oaTMa¥±°·21 ø¥¥ aTM·oa21⁄2a

·2 ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈Ù  ́°±2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o ø TMa ̈aÆø2éæa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø fifl a ̈aÆø2­ ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈

 ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ø2o 2± ̈·oß  ̧·3 ±o ø2ß o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fifl ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ·2 ±ÆoaÆ

 ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú ×oÚ Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa 3 ́­ ̈ ­a2o  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2 ø ço ́ ̈ß  ̈± 2± ̈·oß ¥a ̈ ̈aÆå oa ̈ø·¥·21 © ̧ø ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ·­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao

 ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ø2o © ̧ø ̈ aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a fifl ©·¥¥ ­aaμ ±2  ̧·­ æa ̧ø¥o  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­

›¥ø·3­ fl­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a fl1⁄2 ̈Ú ×2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ · ̈­ ço ́ ̈ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈å  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a

 fifl 3 ́­ ̈ ­aaμ ø¥¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß °aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù

·2 ̈aÆ ø¥·øÙ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a °aÆ­±22a¥ ø2o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù fl 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù ø2o ­±1⁄2·ø¥
Óð

­a1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú Ã ̧a ço ́ ̈ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈å ø¥­± ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a fifl  ̈±  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa

çÆaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈­å  ̈± ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa 2±2ÛoaoaÆø¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù 3±­ ̈ 2± ̈øæ¥ß °Æ·TMø ̈a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ù ·o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o ́Æ2·­ ̧a­  ̈ ̧a fifl ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­·12ao

Æa¥aø­a o±Æ3Ú a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa Íð oøß­  ̈± Æa­°±2o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ço ́ ̈ß  ̈± 2± ̈·oß ¥a ̈ ̈aÆå ø2o  ̈±

o ́Æ2·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a fifl ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Æa¥aø­a­Ú 

Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔðÌfl ±o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­ fl­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a fl1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fifléço ́ ̈ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈å ø¥­± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ç°Æ±TM·o·21 ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ ±æ ̈ø·2·21 ø

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ±°·2·±2 © ̧a2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø2 a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ ±°·2·±2 ·­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 3øμa ø

oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔðÌflÚ Ã ̧·­ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2 ·­ ·2 ̈a2oao

 ̈± 1⁄2±2o·Æ3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß a®·­ ̈­ ø2o  ̈± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈±Æ ·2 oa ̈aÆ3·2·21  ̈ ̧a °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2 ©·¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao o·­øæ¥ao ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fiflé­ Æø ̈·21 ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚ Ã ̧a

 fifl øÆÆø21a­ ø2o °øß­ o±Æ ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø2o –a2­·±2 ¤®ø3·2ø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a o±Æ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ a®ø3·2ø ̈·±2­ ·­ ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÌðÛÌÎ oøß­Ú ×2o·TM·o ́ø¥­

© ̧±  ̧øTMa æaa2  ̈Æaø ̈ao o±Æ ø Æa1⁄2±12·¶ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ –ÃÕ‹Ù ø ̈ ø ÿfl

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß 3øß 2±2a ̈ ̧a¥a­­ æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ́2oaÆ1± ø ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø2o

–a2­·±2 ¤®ø3·2ø ̈·±2Ú ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧±  ̧ø­ æaa2 °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß o·ø12±­ao æß

ø ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ø ̈ ø ÿfl 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ ø­  ̧øTM·21 –ÃÕ‹Ù 3øß 2±2a ̈ ̧a¥a­­ æa
 Õ—­ øÆa 2± ̈ øoo·¥·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ­±3a ÔÔ

1⁄2ø­a­Ù  ̈ ̧a fl °Æ±TM·oa­ Õ—­ ©· ̈ ̧ ±oo·1⁄2a ­°ø1⁄2a ·2 · ̈­ fifl Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a­Ù

1⁄2±3° ́ ̈aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­Ù ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± fl oø ̈øæø­a­Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø¥­± o± ́2oÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl o±a­ 2± ̈ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈Æø·2·21  ̈± Õ—­ Æa1øÆo·21  ̧±©  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÓÔ

o·ø12±­ao ø­ 2± ̈  ̧øTM·21 –ÃÕ‹ o ́Æ·21 ø fifl ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø2o –a2­·±2

¤®ø3·2ø ̈·±2Ú 

—21⁄2a ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a aTM·oa21⁄2a ·2 ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ±o ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̧ø­ æaa2 1ø ̈ ̧aÆaoÙ ø Œø ̈·21 a ̈aÆø2­

ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa  ̄μ2±©2 ø­ ø çÆø ̈·21 ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈å ̃ oa1⁄2·oa­ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2é­ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ·­ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈aoÙ ø2oÙ ·o · ̈ ·­Ù ø­­·12­ ø Æø ̈·21  ̈±  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú 

fl°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ËË °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø¥¥ Æø ̈·21­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ °øÆ ̈·ø¥¥ß 1Æø2 ̈aoÚ Ã ̧a

Æø ̈·21 1·TMa2 ±°aÆø ̈a­ ±2 ø ­¥·o·21 ­1⁄2ø¥a oÆ±3 ¶aÆ± °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ o·­øæ¥ao  ̈± Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈

o·­øæ¥aoÙ ©· ̈ ̧ ·21⁄2Æaø­a­ ø ̈  ̈a2 °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ·21⁄2Æa3a2 ̈­Ú ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß Æø21aoÆ±3  ̧ÔÓÌ °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧ o±Æ ø  ̈a2 °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̈±  ̧ÓÙÍÈÌ °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧ o±Æ ø Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈

Æø ̈·21Ú ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÔÔÏÚ

‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °a2oa21⁄2ß ±o ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈±  ̧·­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ fifl Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÙ

 ̧a ·­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æ·¥ß æøÆÆao oÆ±3 °øß·21 ø ¥ø©ßaÆ  ̈± Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̧·3Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÎÁðÏÚ ÿa 3øßÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ æa Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ao æß ø °Æ± æ±2± ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß ±Æ ø

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa oÆ±3 ø a ̈aÆø2­ ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a —Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2 ä ø 2±2Û°Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ oao·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈± ©±Æμ·21 ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ÚÔÔ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÔÔ

ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ—­ 1⁄2±3æ·2ao 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a 2aao­ ±o ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­

­aaμ·21 æa2ao· ̈­Ú 

ÓÓ

×o ø TMa ̈aÆø2 o·­ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoao  ̧·3 æß  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21­ ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈

·2  ̧·­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̧a 3øß ø°°aø¥Ú Ã ̧a 3 ́¥ ̈·Û° ̧ø­a ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­Ù

 ̧±©aTMaÆÙ a® ̈Æa3a¥ß o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈  ̈± 2øTM·1ø ̈aÙ a­°a1⁄2·ø¥¥ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 3a2 ̈ø¥

o·­øæ·¥· ̈·a­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ –ÃÕ‹Ù ø2o a3æøÆμ·21  ́°±2 ø2 ø°°aø¥ 3øß oa¥øß ø TMa ̈aÆø2éÆa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o æa2ao· ̈­ o±Æ 3ø2ß ßaøÆ­Ú 

fl TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ·2· ̈·ø ̈a  ̧·­ ø°°aø¥ ±o ø Æø ̈·21 ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈é­ Æø ̈·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß

o·¥·21 ø2 ·2o±Æ3ø¥ “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÙ ±Æ æß

o·¥·21 ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÚ 

fl “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 3øß æa o·¥ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ±2a ßaøÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a fifl

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ Æø ̈·21­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ú Ã ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ø°°aø¥ ø2ß °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21

oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a oa2·ø¥ ±o ø 1Æ± ́2o ±o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ  ̈ ̧a °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ø­­·12ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a

ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ Æa1⁄2±Æo Æa3ø·2­ ±°a2Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ­ ́æ3· ̈

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ aTM·oa21⁄2a ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3aÚ 

... ̧a2 ø Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a Æa1⁄2a·TMa­ ø “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ oÆ±3 ø TMa ̈aÆø2 · ̈

­a2o­  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ ø­μ·21  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧±±­a æa ̈©aa2  ̈©± 2±2Û

a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­a­Ê  ̄Ô ̃ oa 2±TM± ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 æß ø ‹a1⁄2·­·±2 ŒaTM·a©
ÓÌ

—oo·1⁄2aÆ  ̄ø ­a2·±Æ Æø ̈·21­ ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈ ̃ © ̧± ·­ a3°±©aÆao  ̈± ÆaTMaÆ­a  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Æø ̈·21

oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·o  ̧a æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈aoÂ ±Æ  ̄Ó ̃ ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a ±o ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a

›ø­a æß  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÙ °Æ±TM·o·21 ø 3±Æa oa ̈ø·¥ao Æø ̈·±2ø¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ́2oaÆ¥ß·21

Æø ̈·21­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù  ̈± æa  ́­ao ·2 ø o±Æ3ø¥ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ú 

Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÔðÎÚ fl TMa ̈aÆø2 ·­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 °ø·o 1⁄2± ́2­a¥ ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ̈ø1a ±o

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÁðÏÚ

×o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈­ oa 2±TM± ÆaTM·a© æß ø ‹a1⁄2·­·±2 ŒaTM·a© —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

±oo·1⁄2aÆ Æa­±¥TMa­ ­±3aÙ æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥Ù ±Æ ·o  ̈ ̧a ±oo·1⁄2aÆ oø·¥­  ̈± Æa­±¥TMa  ̈ ̧a

ø°°aø¥Ù ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­a ©·¥¥ æa °Æa°øÆao ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ° ́Æ­ ́a ø

o±Æ3ø¥ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 oa1⁄2·oa­  ̈± o·¥a ø

o±Æ3ø¥ ø°°aø¥ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÙ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 3 ́­ ̈ o·¥a ø fl ⁄±Æ3 Á ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a

›ø­aÙ ±Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ßaøÆ ±o Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ Æø ̈·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥±21aÆÚ Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÔðÎ ̄o ̃ ̄Ì ̃Ú Ã ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a 3 ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a2

1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ú ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÔÁÚÌÎÚ 

fl TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧± o·­ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 1⁄2ø2 o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a

oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­  ̄ç a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈å ̃Ù ø2

·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a × 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­é ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o
Ã ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­  ̧ø­ ­aTMa2 ¶ ́o1a­Ù © ̧± øÆa ÔÓ

ø°°±·2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a –Æa­·oa2 ̈ ø2o 1⁄2±2o·Æ3ao æß  ̈ ̧a Õa2ø ̈a  ̈± ­aÆTMa ø o·o ̈aa2ÛßaøÆ

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Ú

ÓÏ

“±TMa3æaÆ ÔËÙ ÔÁËËÙ – ́æÚ ‘Ú “±Ú ÔðÎÛÍËÈÚ fl TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ o·¥a ø 2± ̈·1⁄2a ÔÓ

±o ø°°aø¥ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÓð oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é

fl°°aø¥­é o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ú ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÓÍÍ ̄ø ̃Ú ÿa 3øß  ̈ ̧a2 o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°aø¥ ø2

øoTMaÆ­a oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÀÚÕÚ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a

⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̧ø­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± çoa1⁄2·oa ø¥¥ Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø©Ùå ÌË

ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÓÍÔ ̄ø ̃Ù ø2o  ̧a 3øß  ́¥ ̈·3ø ̈a¥ß °a ̈· ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·±ÆøÆ· ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a

›± ́Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú

fi

”±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ËÌðÙððð Æø ̈·21­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa o·¥ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fifl aø1⁄2 ̧ ßaøÆÚ —2

fl°Æ·¥ ÔÓÙ ÓððËÙ  ̈ ̧aÆa ©aÆa ÏððÙÏÎð 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 °a2o·21 æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fiflÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÔÔ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø¥¥ Æø ̈·21­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ¥aøo  ̈± ø “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈

æa·21 o·¥ao æß ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ø2o o± ́Æ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø¥¥ Æø ̈·21­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ °Æ±1⁄2aao  ̈± ø2 ø°°aø¥

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ú 

Ã ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̄±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ́ÆTM·TM·21 Æa¥ø ̈·TMa­ ̃

­aaμ·21 ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 øÆa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2ao æß

TMøÆ·± ́­  ̈·3a ¥·3· ̈­Ù ø2o ø oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈±  ̈·3a¥ß o·¥a ø ̈ ø2ß °±·2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2ø2 Æa­ ́¥ ̈
⁄±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 ÿa2oaÆ­±2 a® Æa¥Ú ÔÌ

ÿa2oaÆ­±2 TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÔÌÔ ÕÚ › ̈Ú ÔÔÁÈ  ̄ÓðÔÔ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a ÔÓðÛoøß oaøo¥·2a ©· ̈ ̧·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

TMa ̈aÆø2­ 3øß o·¥a ø2 ø°°aø¥ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­

›± ́Æ ̈ ·­ 2± ¥±21aÆ  ̈Æaø ̈ao ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÓðÍÚ Ã ̧a oaøo¥·2a ·­

2aTMaÆ ̈ ̧a¥a­­ ­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o · ̈ Æa3ø·2­  ́21⁄2¥aøÆ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈ ·­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± aØ ́· ̈øæ¥a  ̈±¥¥·21

±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÓðÍ  ̇ 2ÚÏÚ

ÓÎ

·2 o±Æoa· ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥Ú ×2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a fifl ·­ 2± ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ø2ß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ±Æ ÔÌ

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß  ̈·3a ¥·3· ̈­ ø ̈ ø2ß ­ ̈a° ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ¥±21 oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ø2o øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o

­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß © ̧a2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa

ø°°aø¥aoÚ Ã ̧a fiflé­ ­ ̈ø ̈ao 1±ø¥ ·­  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥¥ ·2· ̈·ø¥ Æø ̈·21­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÓÎ

oøß­Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2oÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̈øμa­Ù ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ ÔËÓ oøß­ o±Æ ø

Æa1·±2ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2a  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2 ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ

1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ú ×2oaaoÙ ø­ ±o fl°Æ·¥ ÔÓÙ ÓððËÙ  ̈ ̧aÆa

©aÆa ÔðÔÙðÔÁ Æø ̈·21ÛÆa¥ø ̈ao 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øo æaa2 °a2o·21 o±Æ ±TMaÆ ÔËð oøß­Ú Ã ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̧aÆa2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a®· ̈·a­ ·2 °Æ±TM·21 ø –ÃÕ‹

o·ø12±­·­Ù ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa

æø­ao ±2 –ÃÕ‹  ̈øμa ¥±21aÆ  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ çøTMaÆø1aå 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú

×2 1⁄2ø­a­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 o·¥a­ ø “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø Œa1·±2ø¥

—oo·1⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ÓððË · ̈  ̈±±μ ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÓÍÔ oøß­ o±Æ ø

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± 3ø·¥ ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ú ×2 ­±3a 1⁄2ø­a­Ù
ÓÍ

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øo  ̈± ©ø· ̈ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÙððð oøß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± ·­­ ́a  ̈ ̧a

Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­aÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ́°±2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈

±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­aÙ · ̈  ̈±±μ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ÏÌ oøß­Ù ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ  ̈± o·¥a ø ⁄±Æ3 Á ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·TMa

ø°°aø¥Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a2 o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̈±±μ ÎÈÌ oøß­Ù ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­  ́°±2

Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ⁄±Æ3 Á ä ø 3aÆa¥ß 3·2·­ ̈aÆ·ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈Ú Õ±3a TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa  ̧øo

 ̈± ©ø· ̈ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÙððð oøß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

fi±øÆoÚ 

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ø°°aø¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ©ø· ̈Ù

±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ ÌÌÍ oøß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2ø­a­Ú Õ±3a

TMa ̈aÆø2­ a¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̧øTMa ø  ̧aøÆ·21 ä ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2 a®°a2­a ä ·2 oÆ±2 ̈ ±o ø fi±øÆo ±o

 a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­ ¶ ́o1aÚ Ã ̧±­a TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̧aøÆ·21­ øÆa 3±Æa ¥·μa¥ß  ̈±

°ÆaTMø·¥ ±2  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥Ù æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧aß 3 ́­ ̈ ©ø· ̈ ø2 øTMaÆø1a ±o ÏÎÎ oøß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧aøÆ·21Ú 

⁄±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ° ́Æ­ ́a ø2 ø°°aø¥ æß o·¥·21 ø “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧

 ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ ·2· ̈·ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù ­aaμ·21 ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2

o·¥a ø2 ø°°aø¥ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̈øμa­ ±2 øTMaÆø1a ÔÙÏÔÁ

oøß­  ̄ÌÚÁ ßaøÆ­ ̃ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ·2· ̈·ø¥ o·¥·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̈±

 ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÚ × ̈  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̈øμa­ ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß

ÏÚÏ ßaøÆ­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ·2· ̈·ø¥ o·¥·21 ±o ø ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧
ÓÈ

ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̄2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21

ø2ß  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß  ̧øTMa a¥ø°­ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ ·2· ̈·ø¥ Æø ̈·21

oa1⁄2·­·±2 ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ o·¥·21 ±o  ̧·­ “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß æa  ́°

 ̈± ±2a ßaøÆ ̃Ú 

‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÙ ­a2·±Æ fl ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­ ©aÆa

Ø ́a­ ̈·±2ao øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆß oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a fiflé­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø°°aø¥

­ß­ ̈a3Ú “±2a ±o  ̈ ̧±­a ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ©ø­ øæ¥a  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø

­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·21⁄2 ́ÆÆaoÚ fiÆøo¥aß ”øßa­Ù  ̈ ̧a ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o

›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø2o –a2­·±2 ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fiflÙ  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao ø ̈ ø oa°±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

 fifl  ̧øo 2± ̈ ç3øoa ø 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ ̈ao aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± o·1 ́Æa ± ́ ̈ © ̧ø ̈ Å©øÃ­ 1⁄2ø ́­·21å  ̈ ̧a

¥a21 ̈ ̧ß oa¥øß­ ·2 · ̈­ Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ

1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ú fl2o ø ̈  ̈Æ·ø¥Ù ÷ø3a­ ÃaÆÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a

› ̧ø·Æ3ø2 ±o  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ù ©ø­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°¥ø·2  ̈ ̧a ¥a21 ̈ ̧ß

oa¥øß­ ·2 ̧aÆa2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÚ 

Ã ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aÆÆ±Æ­ 3øoa æß Æø ̈·21­

­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ¥aTMa¥ °¥øß ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ Æ±¥a ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥a21 ̈ ̧ß oa¥øß­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú —2 øTMaÆø1aÙ  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo

øoo·Æ3­ ø Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aé­ o·­°±­· ̈·±2 ±o ø 1⁄2ø­a ±2¥ß Ïð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3aÙ 1Æø2 ̈­

ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ø°°aø¥ Óð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3aÙ ø2o Æa3ø2o­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fifl o±Æ
ÓË

o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­ ·2 Ïð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o 1⁄2ø­a­Ú fia ̈©aa2 ÔÁ ø2o ÏÏ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a

Æa3ø2o­ øÆa ­±Û1⁄2ø¥¥ao çøTM±·oøæ¥a Æa3ø2o­Ùå oao·2ao ø­ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆ·21 © ̧a2 çø2 aÆÆ±Æ ·­

3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a ŒÅa1·±2ø¥Ã —Åoo·1⁄2aÃ æao±Æa · ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fiÅ±øÆoÃÚå Ã ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥3±­ ̈  ̧ø¥o ±o  ̈ ̧a çøTM±·oøæ¥a Æa3ø2o­å æa ̈©aa2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÔÙ

ÓððËÙ ø2o ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÌÔÙ ÓððËÙ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆao ø­ ø Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ æß fifl a3°¥±ßaa­ ±o

 ̈ ̧a·Æ o ́ ̈ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú fl°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÈÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa

Æa3ø2oao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­ fl°°aø¥ øÆa ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ß ø°°aø¥ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo

ø ­a1⁄2±2o  ̈·3aÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̈øμa­  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÙ ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ ÔÏÁ

oøß­  ̈± Æa2oaÆ ø ­a1⁄2±2o oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß Æa3ø2oao ±21⁄2a  ̈±

 ̈ ̧a fiflÚ 

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù o±¥¥±©·21 Æa3ø2oÙ · ̈  ̈øμa­  ̈ ̧a fifl ø2 øTMaÆø1a

±o ÏÁÁÚÔ oøß­  ̈± 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ ©· ̈ ̧oÆø© ø ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ±Æ  ̈± Æa ̈ ́Æ2 · ̈ ±21⁄2a ø1ø·2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÚ × ̈  ̈øμa­ aTMa2 ¥±21aÆÙ

±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ o±Æ –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈± æa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ao ±2 Æa3ø2o ä ÎÍÌÚÁ oøß­Ú ”ø2ß

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 ­aÆ·± ́­ o·­øæ·¥· ̈·a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 –ÃÕ‹Ù ­ ́ooaÆ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ ø2o

­aTMaÆa øoTMaÆ­a 1⁄2±2­aØ ́a21⁄2a­ ø­ ø Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ¥a21 ̈ ̧ß oa¥øßÚ ×2 ¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a ­·®

3±2 ̈ ̧­ æa ̈©aa2 —1⁄2 ̈±æaÆ ÓððÈ ø2o fl°Æ·¥ ÓððËÙ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÔÙÏÍÈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ o·ao o ́Æ·21

 ̈ ̧a °a2oa21⁄2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥­Ú 

×××Ú ÿ·­ ̈±Æß ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­a
“± ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa 3ø·2 ̈ø·2ao ±2 ø°°aø¥Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧·­ ±°·2·±2 ÔÏ

øooÆa­­a­ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧±­a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆaÚ

ÓÁ

—2 ÷ ́¥ß ÓÌÙ ÓððÈÙ a ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ ›±33±2 Õa2­a ø2o a ̈aÆø2­ À2· ̈ao o±Æ

ÃÆ ́ ̈ ̧ o·¥ao ø 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­aaμ·21 oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß ø2o ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa

Æa¥·aoÙ ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­Ù  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­Ù ø2o ø ° ́ ̈ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2¥ø­­ 1⁄2±3°±­ao ±o ø¥¥

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ –ÃÕ‹ © ̧± øÆa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ ±Æ Æa1⁄2a·TMa fl 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù ø2o

TMa ̈aÆø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ o±Æ ø2o Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ ±o ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ±Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ æø­ao  ́°±2 –ÃÕ‹Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈Ù a ̈aÆø2­ Æø·­ao

2 ́3aÆ± ́­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧a fl

a3°¥±ß­ ·2 · ̈­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ ø2o øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­

1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú 

ÔÏ

...· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ o ́ ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ

 ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ÿfl °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧Ù  ̈ ̧aß

1⁄2¥ø·3Ù TM·±¥ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­Ê

 ̄Ô ̃ ÿfl 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ øÆa a® ̈Æa3a¥ß ¥±21Ù Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 ·2

¥a21 ̈ ̧ß oa¥øß­ ø2o ·2 ­±3a 1⁄2ø­a­ ç ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o ø2ß 1⁄2øÆaÙå ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2±

 ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a o±Æ ø TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± ø°°aø¥  ̧·­ °¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧

ø ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈ 

 ̄Ó ̃ ”a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ·­  ́2øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±Æ ·2ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a ø ̈ ­±3a ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·aø2o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ·¥· ̈ß
Ìð

 ̄Ì ̃ Ã ̧a ÿfl  ̧ø­ 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2ø2 ±æ ̈ø·2 a®°ao· ̈ao

Æa¥·ao ·2  ́Æ1a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø­a­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø2 ·33·2a2 ̈ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa  ̈ ̧Æaø ̈

 ̄Ï ̃ Ã ̧a ÿfl  ̧øo oa¥øßao ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ

·3°Æ±TMa °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈± 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o ao ́1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

...· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fiflé­ o ́ ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao

oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a

o±¥¥±©·21 fifl °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ê

 ̄Ô ̃ Ã ̧a fifl ø1⁄2 ̈­ ø­ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·aÆ ±o oø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o øoTMaÆ­øÆß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥

—oo·1⁄2a ­ ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̄Ó ̃ Ã ̧aÆa øÆa 2± 2a ́ ̈Æø¥ ¶ ́o1a­ ±Æ  ̈Æ·ø¥Û¥·μa °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fifl Œa1·±2ø¥

—oo·1⁄2a ­ ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̄Ì ̃ Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2­ 3øß ±æ ̈ø·2 o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß  ̈±

­ ́°°±Æ ̈ Õ›‹‹› 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̄Ï ̃ Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa © ̧aÆaæß ø TMa ̈aÆø2 3·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a¥  ̈ ̧a ø ̈ ̈a2oø21⁄2a ±o

ø2ß fl a3°¥±ßaa­ ±Æ 3±­ ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ©· ̈2a­­a­  ̈±  ̈a­ ̈·oß ø2o ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ

1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø ̈ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3

 ̧aøÆ·21­

 ̄Î ̃ Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ·2 oÆ±2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl

 ̄Í ̃ Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­ ø ¥·3· ̈ao Æ±¥a ø2o ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± ø©øÆo ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa

±Æ oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao

 ̄È ̃ Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ±Æ 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­

±Æ  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ±o ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a

 fifl ̃  ̈± ±æaß ±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ±o ¥ø©
 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °aÆ·±o ·­ ç ̈©± ßaøÆ­Úå Ã ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ÔÎ

 ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ­°a1⁄2·o·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ °aÆ·±o ·­ o·TMa ßaøÆ­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄‹ ̃Ù  ̄a ̃ ̄Ì ̃ ̄› ̃ ̄· ̃Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈¥ß o± ́2o ç ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ¥ø21 ́ø1a

1⁄2Æaø ̈aÅ­Ã ø2 a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ o·TMa ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ ­a°øÆø ̈·±2

oÆ±3 ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa o ́ ̈ßÚå 

ÌÔ

 ̄Ë ̃ Ã ̧a ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßé­ oaa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·±2 ±o ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÁðÏ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈ao

°Æ±TM·­·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2Æ·3·2ø¥ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÁðÎ °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2a TMa ̈aÆø2­ æß

1⁄2 ́Æ ̈ø·¥·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± æÆ·21 ­ ́· ̈

 a ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß ø2o ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·aoÚ a ̈aÆø2­ ø­μao

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± oa1⁄2¥øÆaÙ ø3±21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧·21­Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê

 ̄Ô ̃ Ã ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao fl °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± Æa3aoß

oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù TM·±¥ø ̈a a ̈aÆø2­éÆ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­

 ̄Ó ̃ a ̈aÆø2­ øÆa 2± ̈ æøÆÆao oÆ±3 ° ́Æ­ ́·21 Æa3ao·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­

 ̄Ì ̃ Ã ̧a fl  ̧ø­ ø 3ø2oø ̈±Æß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ́2oaÆ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄‹ ̃ 

 a ̈aÆø2­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈±Ê

 ̄Ô ̃ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2

 ̄Ó ̃ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß Œa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2

 ̄Ì ̃ –Æ±TM·oa oÆaa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ø¥¥ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3

°aÆ·±o ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2 ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄Ó ̃  ̄Î ßaøÆ­ ̃ÔÎ

 ̄Ï ̃ ¤®°ø2o  ̈ ̧a ÿfl 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± ø¥¥±© o±Æ ø°°aø¥­ ±o

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 oa¥øß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa

fl2o a ̈aÆø2­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈± a2¶±·2  ̈ ̧a fl oÆ±3Ê
ÌÓ

 ̄Ô ̃ –aÆ3· ̈ ̈·21 TMaÆß °Æ± ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈±

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧ –ÃÕ‹ ø2o ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o –ÃÕ‹ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̄Ó ̃ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ß·21Ù ø¥ ̈aÆ·21Ù ±Æ o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ·2 TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2¥ø·3 o·¥a­

 ̄Ì ̃ –Æa3ø ̈ ́Æa¥ß oa2ß·21 –ÃÕ‹ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̄Ï ̃ fl¥¥±©·21 ...ø­ ̧·21 ̈±2Ù ‹›Ûæø­ao ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­  ̈± ø­­aÆ ̈ a® ̈ÆøÛ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥

°Æa­­ ́Æa ø2o ·2o¥ ́a21⁄2a  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ æß fl

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÃ ̧a fl o·¥ao ø 3± ̈·±2  ̈± o·­3·­­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa2·aoÚ flo ̈aÆ

 a ̈aÆø2­ 3±TMao o±Æ ø °Æa¥·3·2øÆß ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̧a¥o ø2 aTM·oa2 ̈·øÆß  ̧aøÆ·21Ú ×2­ ̈aøo ±o Æ ́¥·21 ±2  ̈ ̧a 3± ̈·±2 o±Æ ø

°Æa¥·3·2øÆß ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oaoaÆÆao · ̈­ Æ ́¥·21 ø2o 3aÆ1ao  ̈ ̧a  ̧aøÆ·21

©· ̈ ̧ ø  ̈Æ·ø¥ ±2  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ æa1ø2 ­·® ©aaμ­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ Ã ̧a  ̈Æ·ø¥ øooÆa­­ao æ± ̈ ̧

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a®°ao· ̈ao  ̈Æ·ø¥ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø2o ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ±2

o·­1⁄2±TMaÆßÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±TMaÆÆ ́¥ao  ̈ ̧a ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú Ã± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a øoTMø21⁄2ao

 ̈Æ·ø¥ oø ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao ø 3±o·o·aoÙ a®°ao· ̈ao o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚ —2

ø°°aø¥Ù a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈©± o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß Æ ́¥·21­ ä ±2a Æa¥ø ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2

±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Æa¥ø ̈·21  ̈± ø2 ·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±Æß 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21  ̈ ̧a

øTMaÆø1a ¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o  ̈·3a  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ¥aTMa¥ ä © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ øÆa øooÆa­­ao o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ·2  ̈ ̧a fl2ø¥ß­·­Ù ·2oÆøÚ 
...a ø1Æaa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧·­ °±·2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ÔÍ

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a · ̈Ú a ̈aÆø2­é 3a3æaÆ­ ©± ́¥o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ß  ̧øTMa

­ ̈ø2o·21Â  ̈ ̧a ç·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ Å ̈ ̧aßÃ ­aaμÅÃ  ̈± °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ øÆa 1aÆ3ø2a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Å­éÃ

° ́Æ°±­aÅ­ÃåÂ ø2o æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ ø ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 ±2a ­aaμ·21 °Æ±­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa

Æa¥·ao ä 2± ̈ ø2 ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2μ ±2 °ø­ ̈Ù ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ ä ç2a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2¥ø·3 ø­­aÆ ̈ao 2±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ±o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥

3a3æaÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø©­ ́· ̈Úå Õaa ÿ ́2 ̈ TMÚ ...ø­ ̧·21 ̈±2 Õ ̈ø ̈a fl°°¥a floTMaÆ ̈·­·21

›±33é2Ù ÏÌÓ ÀÚÕÚ ÌÌÌÙ ÌÏÌ  ̄ÔÁÈÈ ̃Ú

...a 2± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ø Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø o·ooaÆa2 ̈

TMa ̈aÆø2­é ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2 o·o 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈± æÆ·21 ø ­ ́· ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a fifl ±2

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÌÌ

 a ̈aÆø2­ øÆ1 ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧aß ©aÆa ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2ao æß  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21Ú

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̧a¥o ø ­aTMa2Ûoøß æa21⁄2 ̧  ̈Æ·ø¥Ú Ã©± 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ¥ø ̈aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·­­ ́ao ø  ̈ ̧±Æ± ́1 ̧ ”a3±Æø2o ́3 ±o ‹a1⁄2·­·±2Ù ⁄·2o·21­ ±o ⁄ø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o

›±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2­ ±o ‘ø©Ú a ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ ›±33±2 Õa2­a TMÚ –aøμaÙ ÎÍÌ ⁄Ú Õ ́°°Ú Óo ÔðÏÁ

 ̄“Ú‹Ú ›ø¥Ú ÓððË ̃Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øo ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈± æÆ·21

­ ́· ̈ ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ ø ̈ ­ ̈øμa ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ©aÆa

1aÆ3ø2a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o æ± ̈ ̧ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ù æ± ̈ ̧ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­é 3a3æaÆ­  ̧øo

­ ́ooaÆao ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ·2 oø1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ©ø­ ø 1⁄2ø ́­ø¥ 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ ©± ́¥o ¥·μa¥ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø3a¥·±Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a

·2¶ ́Æ·a­Ú ÎÍÌ ⁄Ú Õ ́°°Ú Óo ø ̈ ÔðÈÈ  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 ⁄Æ·a2o­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¤øÆ ̈ ̧Ù ×21⁄2Ú TMÚ ‘ø·o¥ø©

¤2TM ̈¥Ú ÕaÆTM­ÚÙ ×21⁄2ÚÙ ÎÓË ÀÚÕÚ ÔÍÈÙ ÔËÔ  ̄Óððð ̃Â ‘ ́¶ø2 TMÚ ‹aoa2oaÆ­ ±o ...·¥o¥·oaÙ ÎðÏ

ÀÚÕÚ ÎÎÎÙ ÎÍðäÎÍÔ  ̄ÔÁÁÓ ̃ ̃Ú 

ÔÍ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÔÍ

æa ̧ø¥o ±o · ̈­ 3a3æaÆ­ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́· ̈ a®°Æa­­¥ß ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o ç ̈ ̧a

øTMaÆø1a °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o

fl3Ú TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ÍÎÏÙ ÍÍÓ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓðÔð ̃Ú Ã ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù 2± ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈

çø2 ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈± ­ ́a ±2¥ß ·o ±2a 3a3æaÆ ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa ­ ̈ø2o·21 ±2  ̧·­

±Æ  ̧aÆ ±©2 Æ·1 ̧ ̈Ùå ·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø­ 2± ̈ ­aaμ·21 Æa¥·ao o±Æ ø2

·2¶ ́Æß  ̈± ø2ß ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3a3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ç ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2ø ́­a øoo·ø2 ̈­ ·2¶ ́ÆßÂ · ̈ ·­ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈

·­ Æa¥aTMø2 ̈Úå ×oÚ 

ÿaÆaÙ æß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø­ ̈Ù a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ±o ø TMøÆ·a ̈ß ±o ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß æa·21

a®°aÆ·a21⁄2ao ±Æ ¥·μa¥ß  ̈± æa a®°aÆ·a21⁄2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 2aøÆ o ́ ̈ ́Æa æß  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­Ù

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ­ ̈ø¥¥ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­ °a2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a fiflÙ ø2o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­

oa ̈aÆ·±Æø ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ æß  ̈ ̧a ÿflÚ Ã ̧aß ø¥¥a1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧±­a

·2¶ ́Æ·a­ øÆa 1⁄2ø ́­ao æß  ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 oø·¥ ́Æa­Ù °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o øoaØ ́ø ̈a

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ÿfl ±Æ

1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a fiflÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ©± ́¥o

ÆaoÆa­­  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­é ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ æß a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ ø2o æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

 ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao øÆa oa¥·TMaÆao æao±Æa · ̈ ·­  ̈±± ¥ø ̈a ä ·ÚaÚÙ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a·Æ ·¥¥2a­­a­

©±Æ­a2 ±Æ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ oaø ̈ ̧­Ù ø2o æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­ øÆa o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥¥ß Æ ́·2aoÚ 

 a ̈aÆø2­ o± Æa¥ß  ́°±2 øTMaÆø1a ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­Ù ø3±21 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ oø ̈ø ø2o

aTM·oa21⁄2aÙ  ̈± ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧±­a oø·¥ ́Æa­Ù æ ́ ̈Ù  ́2¥·μa ·2 ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­Ù a ̈aÆø2­ o±

2± ̈ ø¥¥a1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a çøTMaÆø1aå ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­ 1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­é ·2¶ ́Æ·a­Ú 

Œø ̈ ̧aÆÙ  ̈ ̧aß øÆ1 ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æao °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥

­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø ́­a­  ̈ ̧±­a ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧ Æ·­μ ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa ·2¶ ́ÆßÚ ×2 ø ­ ́· ̈ o±Æ

°Æ±­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·aoÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ o±Æ ·33ao·ø ̈a  ̧øÆ3 ·­ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ ­ ̈ø2o·21Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ ⁄¥±Æ·oø Õ ̈ø ̈a ›±2oaÆa21⁄2a ±o “flfl›– TMÚ

fiÆ±©2·21Ù ÎÓÓ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÔÎÌÙ ÔÔÍð  ̄ÔÔ ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððË ̃  ̄ç... ̧a2  ̈ ̧a ø¥¥a1ao  ̧øÆ3 ·­

°Æ±­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMaÙ ©a  ̧øTMa 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 2ø3a 2ø3a­ Å±o

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3a3æaÆ­Ã æa1⁄2ø ́­a aTMaÆß 3a3æaÆ oø1⁄2a­ ø °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o  ̧øÆ3 ·2  ̈ ̧a 2aøÆ

ø2o oao·2· ̈a o ́ ̈ ́ÆaÚå ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­ 3øß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ 2±©Â ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3a3æaÆ­ 2aao 2± ̈ ©ø· ̈  ̈± æÆ·21 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ́2 ̈·¥ · ̈

·­  ̈±± ¥ø ̈a  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 3aø2·21o ́¥ Æa¥·aoÚ ›oÚ Õø2o ́­μß ›± ́2 ̈ß ‹a3±1⁄2Æø ̈·1⁄2 –øÆ ̈ß TMÚ

fi¥ø1⁄2μ©a¥¥Ù ÌËÈ ⁄ÚÌo ÎÍÎÙ ÎÈÏ  ̄Í ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÏ ̃  ̄çÅ–¥ø·2 ̈·oo ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ã  ̧øTMa 2± ̈

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 TM± ̈aÆ­ © ̧± ©·¥¥ ­aaμ  ̈± TM± ̈a ø ̈ ø °±¥¥·21 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa

oaa3ao ©Æ±21 æß a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©±ÆμaÆ­Ù æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ·­  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2oøæ¥a Ú Ú Ú Ú ÅflÃ TM± ̈aÆ

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÌÏ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÔÍ

1⁄2ø22± ̈ μ2±© ·2 øoTMø21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ 2ø3a ©·¥¥ æa oÆ±°°ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a Æ±¥¥­Ù ±Æ

¥·­ ̈ao ·2 ø2 ·21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ °Æa1⁄2·21⁄2 ̈Ù ±Æ ¥·­ ̈ao 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈¥ß æ ́ ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ø  ̧ ́3ø2 aÆÆ±Æ æß ø2

a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©±ÆμaÆ © ̧± 3·­ ̈øμa2¥ß æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧a TM± ̈aÆ ·­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ©Æ±21 °±¥¥·21 °¥ø1⁄2aÚ × ̈

·­ ·2aTM· ̈øæ¥aÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ©·¥¥ æa ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 3·­ ̈øμa­Ú Ã ̧a ·­­ ́a­ Å°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã

Æø·­a øÆa 2± ̈ ­°a1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·TMa ±Æ Æa3± ̈aÂ  ̈ ̧aß øÆa Æaø¥ ø2o ·33·2a2 ̈Úå ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa

­·3°¥ß o±2a ø æa ̈ ̈aÆ ¶±æ ø¥¥a1·21  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧ø2

o·o  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2 ·2 ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­Ú 

ÌÎ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 2±2a ̈ ̧a¥a­­ oa2·ao aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ...· ̈ ̧

Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a·Æ fl–fl 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­  ́2 ̈·3a¥ß ø2oÒ±Æ ·2aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧1⁄2øÆa

ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ·2øoaØ ́ø1⁄2·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥

ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 o·o 2± ̈ °aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈± ø

o·­1⁄2Æa ̈aÙ ço·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ · ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ æa Æø·­ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ Õaa

Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú yy ÈðÏÙ ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃Â “±Æ ̈±2 TMÚ ÕÚ À ̈ø ̧ ...·¥oaÆ2a­­ fl¥¥·ø21⁄2aÙ ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ÎÎ

 ̄ÓððÏ ̃Ú ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ç1⁄2±33· ̈­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­

øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßé­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­

Å ̧øTMaÃ 2± 3aø2·21o ́¥ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ø1ø·2­ ̈ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ¶ ́o1a  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ a®aÆ1⁄2·­a ·2

o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Úå ⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o ·2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o ­ß­ ̈a3Û©·oa oa¥øß­ ·2

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ø oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2

©ø­ ç ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß oa¥øßaoå  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙ aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©aÆa

ÆaTM·a©øæ¥aÚ 
ÌÍ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ Æ ́¥ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ o·o 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ±ÆoaÆ  ̈ ̧a

 flÙ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÎð oøß­Ù  ̈± o ́¥¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ©ø­ æøÆÆao æß  ̈ ̧a fl–fl o±Æ  ̈ ̧Æaa ­a°øÆø ̈a Æaø­±2­Ú ⁄·Æ­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈  ̈± æa ±2a °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3ø22aÆ

ø2o ­°aao ©· ̈ ̧ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a °¥ø2  ̧øo æaa2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ä  ̈ ̧a ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß ±o ø2

ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ø 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈Ú Õa1⁄2±2oÙ

æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ”ÿÕ– ç1⁄2±2­·­ ̈­ ±o ÓÍÎ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­å  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o · ̈

ço ́æ·± ́­å  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o æa 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·¶ao ø­ ço·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å ø2o o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ çÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­å ©aÆa 2± ̈ çø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a fl è·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμaÚéå Ã ̧·ÆoÙ

ø2o o·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø­  ̈ ̧a ”ÿÕ– ©ø­ ø o·TMaÛßaøÆ °¥ø2 ø2o ©ø­Ù

ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21Ù ·2 · ̈­ o± ́Æ ̈ ̧ ßaøÆ ±o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ù · ̈ ©ø­ ­ ̈·¥¥

±21±·21Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ ©ø­ 2± ̈ ø o·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ́­ao  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a

Æø ̈·±2ø¥a  ̈± Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ a ̈aÆø2­é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ±ÆoaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± o ́¥¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a

Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß 3a3± ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÎð oøß­Ú

fl­  ̈± a ̈aÆø2­é­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa

 ̈·3a¥ß 1⁄2øÆaÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o 2± 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ú × ̈ Æaø­±2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈

© ̧·¥a TMa ̈aÆø2­ °Æa­a2 ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ a3aÆ1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa 2± ̈  ̈Æaø ̈ao

·33ao·ø ̈a¥ß çaTMaÆß  ̈·3aÙå a ̈aÆø2­ ço·o 2± ̈ °Æ±TMa ø ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 oa2·ø¥ ±Æ

 ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a oa¥øß ·2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚå Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oaa3ao øoaØ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a flé­
ÌÈ

1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ çø2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a æø¥ø21⁄2a æa ̈©aa2

­øoa1 ́øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3ao·1⁄2ø¥  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ø2o °aÆ3· ̈ ̈·21 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ±TMaÆ¥ß æ ́Æoa2­±3a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Úå

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø¥­± oa2·ao aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±

æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ °ÆaTMa2 ̈ao

· ̈ oÆ±3 ÆaTM·a©·21 oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ø2o

ç ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß

oa¥øßao ©·¥¥ ±o ̈a2  ̧·21a ±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Úå ⁄ ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ3±ÆaÙ · ̈

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·o · ̈ ©aÆa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈Ù

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±ÆoaÆ·21  ̈ ̧a fifl  ̈± ­ ̧±Æ ̈a2 · ̈­ øTMaÆø1a ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­Ù ç­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø2 ±ÆoaÆ

©± ́¥o ·2TMøÆ·øæ¥ß ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a fl Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ùå © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ·2

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ±2¥ß  ́2oaÆ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎðÓÚ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21

­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù 2±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ

±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ 3øμ·21 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ©ø­  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ±Æ TM·±¥ø ̈·TMa ±o o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧a­a oa¥øßç­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈å ø2o o·o 2± ̈ ço·­° ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o ©a¥oøÆa ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·­ ø ̈

­ ̈øμaÙå · ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ o·2o  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ç ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥aå  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a

fl–fl æa1⁄2ø ́­a ›±21Æa­­  ̧øo a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao 2± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈·3a ̈øæ¥a o±Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­
Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa2·ao a ̈aÆø2­é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·ao æø­ao ÔÈ

 ́°±2 · ̈­ ø2­©aÆ­  ̈± Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø©Ù ­± ©a ÆaTM·a© · ̈­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 oa 2±TM±Ú Õaa

Ÿø ̈ ̧Æ·1 ̧ ̈ TMÚ ›· ̈ß ±o –±Æ ̈¥ø2oÙ ÏÌÁ ⁄ÚÌo ÎÈÌÙ ÎÈÍ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÍ ̃Ú ...a Æa¥ß ±2  ̈ ̧a

oø1⁄2 ̈­ ø­  ̈ ̧aß ©aÆa o± ́2o æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a® ̈a2 ̈  ̈ ̧±­a o·2o·21­

©aÆa 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß aÆÆ±2a± ́­Ú –Æa3·21aÆ TMÚ –aøμaÙ ÎÎÓ ⁄ÚÌo ÈÎÈÙ ÈÍÎ 2ÚÈ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ

ÓððË ̃Ú

ÌË

øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ Æa­ ́¥ ̈aoÙ ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù oÆ±3 ç ̈ ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈±

a3° ̧ø­·¶a ·2· ̈·ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a®°a2­a ±o ø°°aø¥­Úå ⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

o± ́2o 2± o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 æa1⁄2ø ́­a çèÅoÃa¥øß ·­ ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a ±2¥ß

oø1⁄2 ̈±Æéå ·2 çèoa ̈aÆ3·2·21 © ̧a2 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ 2± ¥±21aÆ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æa1⁄2ø ́­a °ø­ ̈

o ́aÚéå  ̄œ ́± ̈·21 ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈ TMÚ ›ø¥·oø2±Ù ÎËÈ ⁄ÚÓo ÌÏÎÙ ÌÎÏ  ̄È ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈË ̃ ̃Ú 

À¥ ̈·3ø ̈a¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa3ao·a­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß a ̈aÆø2­

©aÆa æaß±2o · ̈­ °±©aÆ çø2o ©± ́¥o 1⁄2ø¥¥ o±Æ ø 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ±TMaÆ ̧ø ́¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl ­ß­ ̈a3Ù

­±3a ̈ ̧·21 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ›± ́Æ ̈é­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa

oa2·ao a ̈aÆø2­é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø °aÆ3ø2a2 ̈ ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ø2o 1Æø2 ̈ao ¶ ́o13a2 ̈ ·2

oøTM±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧a flÚ a ̈aÆø2­  ̈·3a¥ß ø°°aø¥aoÚÔÈ

fl“fl‘«Õ×Õ

×
⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ æa¥±©Ù  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ a ̈aÆø2­ ÔË

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a

 ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ­± ©a 2aao 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ± ̈ ̧aÆ æøÆ­  ̈± ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú

ÌÁ

...a æa1·2 æß 1⁄2±2o·Æ3·21 ± ́Æ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̧aøÆ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú 

ÔË

flÚ Õ±TMaÆa·12 ×33 ́2· ̈ß

fiß ­aaμ·21 ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ø2o · ̈­ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa

æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ ­ ́· ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈  ̧ø­

 ̧·­ ̈±Æ·1⁄2ø¥¥ß a2¶±ßao ·33 ́2· ̈ß oÆ±3 ­ ́· ̈Ù 2± ̈©· ̈ ̧­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ·21⁄2·°¥a ±o

­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß oaÆ·TMa­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¤21¥·­ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ 2± ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a ’·21 1⁄2ø2 o± 2±

©Æ±21åÂ  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ́Æa¥ß ©ø­ 2± ̈ ø °Æ·21⁄2·°¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧±­a © ̧± o± ́1 ̧ ̈ o±Æ ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈Æßé­

·2oa°a2oa21⁄2a  ̧ø°°·¥ß ·3°±Æ ̈ao ·2 ̈± ± ́Æ ¥a1ø¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú “aTMaÆ ̈ ̧a¥a­­Ù · ̈ ·­ ©a¥¥Û

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa ¥ø©o ́¥¥ß ­ ́ao ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ · ̈­ 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ ·2

ø2ß 1⁄2ø­aÚå À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ TMÚ ‘aaÙ ÔðÍ ÀÚÕÚ ÔÁÍÙ ÓðÎ  ̄ÔËËÓ ̃Ú Ã ̧a fl o±a­ 2± ̈ ø­­aÆ ̈

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ·33 ́2a oÆ±3 ­ ́· ̈ ±TMaÆ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù æ ́ ̈ ©a øooÆa­­

 ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oao

1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú

...a  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß o±a­ 2± ̈ æøÆ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ a®°Æa­­¥ß ©ø·TMao ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ·33 ́2· ̈ßÚ Ã ̧a

­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ­ ̈ø ̈a­Ê
Ïð

fl2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ­aaμ·21 Æa¥·ao ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2

3±2aß oø3ø1a­ ø2o ­ ̈ø ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ø2 ±oo·1⁄2aÆ ±Æ

a3°¥±ßaa  ̈ ̧aÆa±o ø1⁄2 ̈ao ±Æ oø·¥ao  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2 ø2 ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ 1⁄2ø°ø1⁄2· ̈ß ±Æ  ́2oaÆ

1⁄2±¥±Æ ±o ¥a1ø¥ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa o·­3·­­ao 2±Æ Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧aÆa·2 æa

oa2·ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 1Æ± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ·­ ø2 ·2o·­°a2­øæ¥a °øÆ ̈ßÚ

Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈðÓÚ fl­  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­  ̧a¥o ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2Ù

ç1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈­ Åo±ÆÃ oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß ø2o ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·ao ÅøÆaÃ 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2¥ß 2± ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ

3±2aß oø3ø1a­Úå fi±©a2 TMÚ ”ø­­ø1⁄2 ̧ ́­a ̈ ̈­Ù ÏËÈ ÀÚÕÚ ËÈÁÙ ËÁÌ  ̄ÔÁËË ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­é­

°ÆøßaÆ­ o±Æ oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao ø2o ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ ́­ o· ̈ ­Ø ́øÆa¥ß ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧·­ ©ø·TMaÆÚ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 2±2a ̈ ̧a¥a­­ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß

 ́2oaÆ y ÈðÓ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ·­ ¥·3· ̈ao æß y ÈðÏÚå Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÈðÏ ­ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ·2 Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ °øÆ ̈Ù

çfl1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 3øoa ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o o·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aÆa

·­ 2± ± ̈ ̧aÆ øoaØ ́ø ̈a Æa3aoß ·2 ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Úå Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æaø­±2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a øÆa 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ 3øoa

ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a æß ø2ß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a 2±Æ ø ço·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ùå aTMa2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

1⁄2¥ø·3­ oø¥¥ ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o y ÈðÓé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ßÚ Ã ̧·­ ©ø­ aÆÆ±ÆÚ 

... ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao oa¥øß­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ço·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å ·­ ø2 ·2Ø ́·Æß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­

Æa¥aTMø2 ̈  ̈± a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl · ̈­a¥oÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ øÆa øooÆa­­ao æa¥±©Ú 

fi ́ ̈ y ÈðÏ ·2 2± ©øß ¥·3· ̈­ y ÈðÓé­ æÆ±øo ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧

Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ­ ́· ̈­ o±Æ ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·ao ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ä ­ ́· ̈­ o±Æ

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a fl–fl · ̈­a¥o ·­ 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 
ŒaTM·a©·21  ̈ ̧a ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·TMa  ̧·­ ̈±Æß ±o  ̈ ̧a ÔÁÈÍ ø3a2o3a2 ̈Ù ©a a®°¥ø·2aoÊ ÔÁ

›±21Æa­­ ±æ­aÆTMao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a ø3a2o3a2 ̈  ̈± y ÈðÓÙ ¥· ̈·1ø2 ̈­

­aaμ·21 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 2±23±2a ̈øÆß Æa¥·ao ©aÆa o±Æ1⁄2ao  ̈± Æa­±Æ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ç¥a1ø¥

o·1⁄2 ̈·±2å ±o 2ø3·21 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2aÆ­Ù Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ù øoaoa2oø2 ̈­ ø2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©ø­ ç·¥¥±1·1⁄2ø¥å ø2o çæa1⁄2¥± ́oÅaoÃ  ̈ ̧a Æaø¥

·­­ ́a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ­ ̧± ́¥o æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù ø2oÙ ·o ­±Ù © ̧ø ̈ o±Æ3 ±o Æa¥·ao ·­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÚå Ã ̧a

2aao  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥ ø2o Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ±TMaÆ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ›±21Æa­­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oaoÙ 1⁄2± ́¥o æa ̈ ̈aÆ æa ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧

o±1⁄2 ̈Æ·2a­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß °Æa1⁄2¥ ́­·±2Ù a® ̧ø ́­ ̈·±2Ù ø2o ¶ ́­ ̈·1⁄2·øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ

Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ç ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o ́­·21 o±1⁄2 ̈Æ·2a ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ßÚå

fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21¥ßÙ y ÈðÓ ©ø­ oa­·12ao  ̈± ça¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a oaoa2­a ±o

­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ø­  ̈± ø2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ø ⁄aoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­aaμ·21 Æa¥·ao

± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 3±2aß oø3ø1a­ ø2o ­ ̈ø ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø­­aÆ ̈·±2

±o  ́2¥ø©o ́¥ ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ æß ø2 ±oo·1⁄2aÆ ±Æ a3°¥±ßaa

±o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßÚå

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÏÔ

×2 –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧  ̄ÀÚÕÚflÚ ̃ TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ËÈð ⁄ÚÓo ÎÔË  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ

ÔÁËÁ ̃Ù ©a  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çy ÈðÓé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ·­ Å2± ̈Ã ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±

·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o èø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2éå ø­ oao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÎÓÎÚ ...a o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓ o±a­ øooÆa­­ çø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÊ çfl °aÆ­±2

­ ́ooaÆ·21 ¥a1ø¥ ©Æ±21 æa1⁄2ø ́­a ±o ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±Æ øoTMaÆ­a¥ß øooa1⁄2 ̈ao ±Æ ø11Æ·aTMao

æß ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o ø Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ·­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥

ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧aÆa±oÚå Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈðÓÚ fi ́ ̈ ©a oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12

·33 ́2· ̈ß ·2  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2aÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©ø­ øooao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ·2 ÔÁÈÍÙ ç1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2­

2± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2Úå –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù ËÈð ⁄ÚÓo ø ̈ ÎÓÎÚ Ã±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ ÔÁ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÔÁ

–Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù ËÈð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÎÓÏ  ̄·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ø2o o±± ̈2± ̈a ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃

 ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 ÿÚ Œa°Ú “±Ú ÔÍÎÍÙ ÁÏ ̈ ̧ ›±21ÚÙ Óo Õa­­Ú ÎÙ Æa°Æ·2 ̈ao ·2 ÔÁÈÍ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú›ÚflÚ“Ú

ÍÔÓÔÙ ÍÔÓÌäÍÔÌð ̃Ú ...a ø­­ ́3ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ç¥a1ø¥ o·1⁄2 ̈·±2å ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± æß ›±21Æa­­

©ø­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao æß ¤® °øÆ ̈a «± ́21Ù ÓðÁ ÀÚÕÚ ÔÓÌ  ̄ÔÁðË ̃Ù ø2o · ̈­ °Æ±1a2ßÚ 

–Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù ËÈð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÎÓÏ 2ÚÈÚ

Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a o·o 2± ̈ 1⁄2· ̈a –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ Óð

 ̈ ̧·­  ̧±¥o·21Ú 

ÏÓ

çÅ2Ã± ̈ ̧·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø21 ́ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a ø3a2o3a2 ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12

·33 ́2· ̈ß ·­ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± 1⁄2¥ø·3­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21·21 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ oø¥¥·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a 2øÆÆ±© oao·2· ̈·±2

±o èø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Úéå ×oÚ ...a  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß  ̧øo æaa2

©ø·TMao ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧é­ ⁄·Æ­ ̈ ø2o ⁄± ́Æ ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± ­ ́ÆTMa·¥¥ø21⁄2a

1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ×33·1Æø ̈·±2 ø2o “ø ̈ ́Æø¥·¶ø ̈·±2 ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a ·2 · ̈­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈·±2­Ù

aTMa2  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ×“Õé­ ·2TMa­ ̈·1ø ̈·±2­ o·o 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a çø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a

fl–flÚ ×oÚ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 2± ̈aoÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2·2a ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù

©a ­ ̈ø ̈ao ­ ́33øÆ·¥ßÊ çÅÃÃ ̧a fl–flé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2­ ­aTMaÆø¥

¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2­Ú —o Æa¥aTMø21⁄2a  ̧aÆa ·­ y ÈðÏÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±TM·oa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±2¥ß èÅøÃ1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2

3øoa ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o o·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± ± ̈ ̧aÆ

øoaØ ́ø ̈a Æa3aoß ·2 ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Úéå Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a ›±Ú TMÚ Óð

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o fl1Æ·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ ́ÆaÙ ÔÎÁ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÔÁÏÙ ÔÔÁË  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁË ̃Ú fi ́ ̈ · ̈ ·­

–Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ ø2o 2± ̈ Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ © ̧aÆaÙ ø­  ̧aÆaÙ ø °¥ø·2 ̈·ooé­
Ã ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·ooé­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ±2  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa æ±øÆo ÓÔ

1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2ao ø ⁄·Æ­ ̈ fl3a2o3a2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÚ Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥aÙ ÔÎÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÁÍÚ Ã ̧ø ̈

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÏÌ

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ 2± ̈ oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a fl–fl o±Æ ø 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ø2o ­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a­ ±o y ÈðÓ °¥øß Ø ́· ̈a o·ooaÆa2 ̈ Æ±¥a­Ù aø1⁄2 ̧ ±2a

­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a a2 ̈· ̈¥a­ ø11Æ·aTMao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­  ̈± ç¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o

oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå Ã ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2aÙ øooao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a oa1⁄2øoa­ ¥ø ̈aÆÙ

©ø·TMao ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß o±Æ çÅøÃ2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ­aaμ·21

Æa¥·ao ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 3±2aß oø3ø1a­ Ú Ú Ú Úå —2a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ ·­ ø ­ ́· ̈ o±Æ

ç¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å ±o  ̈ ̧a ­±Æ ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈

­a2 ̈a21⁄2aÚ fi ́ ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ a®·­ ̈  ̈±±Ú ×2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2­ 3øß æa ­± ́1 ̧ ̈Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈±

a2o±Æ1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2 · ̈­a¥oÂ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ 2aao 2± ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ fia¥¥ TMÚ ÿ±±oÙ ÌÓÈ ÀÚÕÚ ÍÈËÙ ÍËÏ  ̄ÔÁÏÍ ̃  ̄çÅ×Ã ̈ ·­

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̈± ­ ́­ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­  ̈±

·­­ ́a ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ­øoa1 ́øÆoao æß  ̈ ̧a ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2 Ú Ú Ú Úå ̃Ú 

Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß ±ÆoaÆ oa2ß·21  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­

°Æa¥·3·2øÆß Æa¥·ao © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧aß øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ °a ̈· ̈·±2 æao±Æa ø2

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa æ±øÆo ä  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ·3 Æa¥·ao  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ æa¥·aTMao

 ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÔÁËäÔÓððÚ 

ÓÔ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÓÔ

1⁄2¥ø·3 ©ø­ 2± ̈ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÚ Ã ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ø°°aø¥ao ±2¥ß oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ oa2·ø¥ ±o · ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ç ̈± °øß Å ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aoÃ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈­ ·2 ̈± a­1⁄2Æ±©

°a2o·21 ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °a ̈· ̈·±2å ä ø 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ ­±¥a¥ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa o±Æ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 o·­° ́ ̈a­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ · ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ×oÚ

... ̧·¥a ·21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ 1⁄2±2o ́­·±2 ©ø­ Æaø­±2øæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ÓÓ

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2· ̈ao ŸÆ±­ a2 ̈Æa ÃÆ·æa TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÏÍÁ ⁄ÚÌo ËðÔ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÍ ̃Ù ø

°Æ·±Æ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao æ± ̈ ̧ –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Ÿø¥¥±

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÏÏ

Ã ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ ç¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å 2± ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈ ©ø­

 ́21⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥Ù æ ́ ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a­ 1±TMaÆ2·21  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ß°a ±o ­ ́· ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©ø­  ̈ ̧a fl–fl · ̈­a¥oÙ ­± ©a ø°°¥·ao

y ÈðÏé­ ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±2 © ̧ø ̈ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­ ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a ä 3aø2·21 ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

ç¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©å  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓ ä ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a y

ÈðÏé­  ̈aÆ3­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ ­ø ̈·­o·aoÙ  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓ o·o 2± ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥

ÆaTM·a©Ú ›±2­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ßÙ ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ æa ©ø·TMao æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ oø·¥ao  ̈± æÆ·21 ø 1⁄2±12·¶øæ¥a çø1⁄2 ̈·±2å ·2 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÔÁË  ̄øooÆa­­·21  ̈ ̧a

ç©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ·2 ­ ́· ̈­ ­aaμ·21 ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o ø oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ́2oaÆ ÅÓË ÀÚÕÚ›ÚÃ y ÔÌÌÔå ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃ ̃Ú 

fl­ ·2 –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧aÆa Æø·­a ø 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o±a­ 2± ̈ oa°a2o ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o± ́2o ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a

±o y ÈðÓÚ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÈðÏé­ ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·Æ­ ̈ ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ·­  ̈ ̧ ́­ ·2ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ ø2o

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æa¥·ø21⁄2a ±2 Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a ©ø­ ·21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ú ×2­ ̈aøoÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a ÓÓ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÓÓ

›ø ̈ ̈¥a ø2o ±æ­aÆTMao ·2 °ø­­·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ç­ø© 2± ©øß  ̈± o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧å  ̈ ̧a  ̈©± 1⁄2ø­a­Ú 

×oÚ ø ̈ ËðÁÚ Ã ̧a ŸÆ±­ a2 ̈Æa ÃÆ·æa 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ́¥ ̈·3ø ̈a¥ß Æa­±¥TMao  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ±2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ

1Æ± ́2o­Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­ ¶ ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oaoÙ ©a o·2o –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ ø2o Ÿø¥¥±

›ø ̈ ̈¥a Æaøo·¥ß o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧øæ¥aÊ –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­ y ÈðÓé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o

­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ø­  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ù © ̧·¥a Ÿø¥¥± ›ø ̈ ̈¥a 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl · ̈­a¥oÚ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÈðÏ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2­ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a ¥ø ̈ ̈aÆ ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2Ù

ø2o · ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3aÆ  ̈ß°a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a øÆa °Æa­a2 ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̧aÆaÚ

ÏÎ

 a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ çÅøÃ2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ­aaμ·21 Æa¥·ao

± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 3±2aß oø3ø1a­å  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆ·­a­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2 · ̈­a¥oÙ ø­ ·2

–Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù ©a o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß  ̧ø­ æaa2 ©ø·TMao æß y ÈðÓé­

­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2aÚ

...a o·2o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2 ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú

›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ao ­·3·¥øÆ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧±­a 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø2o

ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̧aÆaÚ ×2 ÃÆ ́oaø ́ TMÚ ⁄Ã›Ù ÏÎÍ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÈË  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ

ÓððÍ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa1⁄2¥·2ao  ̈± øo±° ̈  ̈ ̧a ⁄Ã›é­ °±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̄Ô ̃  ̈ ̧a ©ø·TMaÆ Å±o

­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß  ́2oaÆ y ÈðÓÃ ø°°¥·a­ ±2¥ß  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆ·­·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÂ

ø2o  ̄Ó ̃ ­·21⁄2a ÆaTM·a©  ́2oaÆ fl–fl y ÈðÏ ·­ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± èo·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ùé  ̈ ̧a

©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ·­ ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oø¥¥­ ©· ̈ ̧·2

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±3°ø­­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔËÍÚ À2oaÆ ̈øμ·21 ø2 ø2ø¥ß­·­ ·oa2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥  ̈± ± ́Æ­ ·2

–Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç2± ̈ ̧·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø21 ́ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a

­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓ Ú Ú Ú Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ · ̈­ ©ø·TMaÆ  ̈± ­ ́· ̈­ æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙå
...a 2± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aTMa2 ·o ©a o·o 2± ̈ o·2o ø ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß  ̧aÆaÙ ÓÌ

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a 1⁄2± ́¥o °Æ±1⁄2aao ø1ø·2­ ̈ ø¥¥ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ oaoa2oø2 ̈­

 ́2oaÆ ¤® –øÆ ̈a «± ́21 ä °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß  ̈ ̧a o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ›±21Æa­­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈±

a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 2aao ·2 øoo·21  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a ±o y ÈðÓÚ

ÏÍ

ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­  ̈ ̧a ©ø·TMaÆ ø°°¥·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·ooé­ ⁄·Æ­ ̈ fl3a2o3a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧aÆaÚ ×oÚ 

”±Æa±TMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ç ̧ÅaÃ¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ©ø·TMaÆ ø°°¥·a­ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a

Åø1a21⁄2ßé­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ã 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a­ èo·2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2éå  ́2oaÆ y ÈðÏÚ ×oÚ

ø ̈ ÔËÈ  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 –Æa­æß ̈aÆ·ø2 › ̧ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧Ù ËÈð ⁄ÚÓo ø ̈ ÎÓÎ ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ± ́Æ

 ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ y ÈðÓé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß ø°°¥·a­ 3±Æa æÆ±øo¥ß  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈±

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl · ̈­a¥oÚ ...a  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ø­  ̈± a ̈aÆø2­é­

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ çÆa¥·ao ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 3±2aß oø3ø1a­Ùå y ÈðÓ ©ø·TMa­

­±TMaÆa·12 ·33 ́2· ̈ß Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆ·­a oÆ±3 çø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å øoao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚÓÌ

fiÚ Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈

Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄ç ÷Œflå ̃ °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈­ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o

ç ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß Å±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ã ø­  ̈± ø2ßå çØ ́a­ ̈·±2ÅÃ ±o ¥ø©

ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ́2oaÆ ø ¥ø©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­ æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa°a2oa2 ̈­ ±Æ ­ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­ ±o

TMa ̈aÆø2­Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃Ú Ã ̧a fl øÆ1 ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­  ́­

oÆ±3 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ·21 a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­a1⁄2±2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21  ̈ ̧a
fl­ 2± ̈ao aøÆ¥·aÆÙ ­ ́°Æø 2± ̈a ÁÙ ­±3a TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa 2± ̈ aTMa2 °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ÓÏ

o±Æ3ø¥ ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧aß  ̧øTMa ø¥Æaøoß ©ø· ̈ao o±Æ ø 3±2 ̈ ̧Ú

ÏÈ

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa o±Æ  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­Ú Ã ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ 1±aaTMa2 o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ø2o ­ ́11a­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl o±Æa1⁄2¥±­a­ ± ́Æ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa a ̈aÆø2­éo·Æ­ ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ Æa1øÆo·21 oa¥øß­ ·2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù ø­

©a¥¥Ú ...a o·­ø1Æaa ø­  ̈± æ± ̈ ̧ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ù ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°¥ø·2 © ̧ß æa¥±© ·2  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú

××

...a o·Æ­ ̈ øooÆa­­ a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21

 ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2 ÿflé­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­

o·ø12±­ao ø­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 3a2 ̈ø¥ ·¥¥2a­­a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧±­a © ̧± øÆa

ø©ø· ̈·21  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù ·­ ­·3°¥ß ­ ̈ø11aÆ·21Ú fl­ ±o fl°Æ·¥ ÓððËÙ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ËÎÙÏÎð

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©aÆa ¥ø21 ́·­ ̧·21 ±2 ÿfl ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ä ø 2 ́3æaÆ

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈¥ß  ́2oaÆÛÆa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2ø¥a ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æ¥a3 æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a2 ø2o

2±©Ú Ã ̧a  ́Æ1a2 ̈ 2aao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ÓÏ

 ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao ·­ 1⁄2¥aøÆÙ 2± ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa Æø ̈a ø3±21  ̈ ̧·­

TM ́¥2aÆøæ¥a °±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ oa­·12ao ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ̈±

­øoa1 ́øÆo TMa ̈aÆø2­é Æ·1 ̧ ̈­  ̈±  ̈·3a¥ßÙ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa ­ ́ooaÆ·21 ø2o

oß·21Ù  ̧aao¥a­­¥ß ø2o 2aao¥a­­¥ßÚ 
ÏË

 a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ø o±Æ3ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ø

TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈a­ ̈ ø2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈± °¥ø1⁄2a  ̧·3 ±2 ø ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ ±o 3±Æa  ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù ø2o ±o ø

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa °aÆ3· ̈ ̈·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ –ÃÕ‹  ̈± ­aaμ a®°ao· ̈ao ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆa ·2 ø1⁄2 ́ ̈a 1⁄2ø­a­Ù ©± ́¥o ­øTMa ¥·TMa­Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æ ́¥ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa 2±

Æa1⁄2± ́Æ­a ·2  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈a­ ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3ø ̈·1⁄2 oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ­øoa1 ́øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈±

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æ·¥ß a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÚ ×2 ­±3a Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ú ×2

± ̈ ̧aÆ­Ù · ̈ aÆÆao ·2 ­± Æ ́¥·21Ú fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ± ́Æ °±©aÆ ·­ ¥·3· ̈ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ø2o ©a

1⁄2ø22± ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ a ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧aß ­aaμ ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ ©a  ̧±¥o

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̧ø­ æaa2 TM·±¥ø ̈aoÙ ÆaTMaÆ­a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21 ·2  ̈ ̧·­ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o Æa3ø2o  ̈ ̧·­ ø°°aø¥ o±Æ o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­Ú

flÚ fl–fl › ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ›øÆa ‹a¥·TMaÆß ‹a¥øßŸ·TMa2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥·21 Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ ¥ø©Ù  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ °Æ±°aÆ¥ß oa2·ao a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ oa¥øß­ ·2

°Æ±TM·o·21  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ 2± ̈©· ̈ ̧­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧a 3ø2ß

aTM·oa2 ̈ oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ

À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ øÆa a3°±©aÆao  ̈± ç1⁄2±3°a¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ́2¥ø©o ́¥¥ß

©· ̈ ̧ ̧a¥o ±Æ  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß oa¥øßaoÚå Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃Ú ×2 “±Æ ̈±2 TMÚ Õ± ́ ̈ ̧aÆ2
ÏÁ

À ̈ø ̧ ...·¥oaÆ2a­­ fl¥¥·ø21⁄2aÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ ·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2±°a ±o

 ̈ ̧·­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß °Æ±TM·­·±2 ø2o  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çø 1⁄2¥ø·3  ́2oaÆ y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃ 1⁄2ø2 °Æ±1⁄2aao ±2¥ß

© ̧aÆa ø °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ø­­aÆ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß oø·¥ao  ̈±  ̈øμa ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈

·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμaÚå ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ÎÎÙ ÍÏ  ̄ÓððÏ ̃Ú ...· ̈ ̧ Æa1øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a2a­­

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a çoø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈å ·­ ç°Æ±°aÆ¥ß  ́2oaÆ­ ̈±±o ø­ Ú Ú Ú

ø oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈±  ̈øμa ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈­ ̃ aøÆ¥·aÆ

oao·2ao ·2 ÅÎ ÀÚÕÚ›ÚÃ y ÎÎÔ ̄ÔÌ ̃Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÓÚ fl1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oao·2ao ·2 Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÎÎÔ ̄ÔÌ ̃ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a ±o ø Æ ́¥aÙ ±ÆoaÆÙ ¥·1⁄2a2­aÙ ­ø21⁄2 ̈·±2Ù Æa¥·ao ±Æ aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈

æa2ao· ̈Ú Ã ̧a “±Æ ̈±2 ›± ́Æ ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ç ̈ ̧a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±3 ́¥1ø ̈a

ø Æ ́¥a ±Æ  ̈øμa ­±3a oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß ø ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2aå ©± ́¥o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈±

 ̈øμa ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú “±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÌÚ

fl2 ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 3øß  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa æa ÆaTM·a©ao ø2o 1⁄2±3°a¥¥ao æß ø oaoaÆø¥

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ́2oaÆ y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃ ±2¥ß ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­ ±2a © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­ ¥a1ø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ ×oÚ

œ ́± ̈·21  ̈ ̧a fl ̈ ̈±Æ2aß Ÿa2aÆø¥é­ ”ø2 ́ø¥ ±2  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙ  ̈ ̧a “±Æ ̈±2 ›± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ao

çy ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃ a3°±©aÆ­ ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±2¥ß  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß è ̈± °aÆo±Æ3 ø 3·2·­ ̈aÆ·ø¥ ±Æ

2±2Ûo·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2øÆß ø1⁄2 ̈Ùé ±Æ è ̈±  ̈øμa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ́°±2 ø 3ø ̈ ̈aÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̧±© · ̈

­ ̧ø¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̈Úéå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÏ  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21 fl ̈ ̈±Æ2aß Ÿa2aÆø¥é­ ”ø2 ́ø¥ ±2  ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

–Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈ ÔðË  ̄ÔÁÏÈ ̃ ̃Ú ×2 ¥·3· ̈·21 fl–fl ÆaTM·a©  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æao ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù
Îð

 ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧a¥oÙ ›±21Æa­­ çÆ ́¥aÅoÃ ± ́ ̈ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aTMa2 o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ oa3ø2oao æß ¥ø©å  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÚ

 a ̈aÆø2­ ø­­aÆ ̈  ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß oa¥øßao  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o

 ̈·3a¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± a¥·1·æ¥a TMa ̈aÆø2­ æß oø·¥·21  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈

 ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2 ø2o  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3Ú ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o

 ̈ ̧a –¥ø2 ø2o ”a3±Æø2o ́3 ©± ́¥o  ́2o± ́æ ̈ao¥ß ·3°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a ¥± ̈ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa

­ ́ooaÆ·21  ́2o ́¥ß ø­ ø Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ 

Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±a­ 2± ̈Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ oø¥¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a oao·2· ̈·±2 °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a

Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ ·2 “±Æ ̈±2 ±o ø ço·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ çÆaØ ́·Æaoå  ̈±

 ̈øμaÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a 2± ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 oa3ø2o­ · ̈Ú a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ·­

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æ·¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ́2oaÆ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÔÈÔð ̄ø ̃ ø2o ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈðÎÚ ÃÆ ́aÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧±­a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa 2± ̈ ­± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2

ø­  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 a ̈aÆø2­ ­aaμ  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥Ú 

×2 Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ °øÆ ̈Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl o ́Æ2·­ ̧  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa

ø2o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ê

Ã ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß Ú Ú Ú ­ ̧ø¥¥ o ́Æ2·­ ̧  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈± æa 2aaoaoâ

 ̄fl ̃  ̈± ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2 o±Æ ø ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÂ ø2o

 ̄fi ̃  ̈± ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧±  ̧ø­ ø ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß Æø ̈ao ø ̈ Îð

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ 3±ÆaÚ
ÎÔ

ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ̄ø ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­ ç© ̧± ­aÆTMao ±2 ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa o ́ ̈ß ·2 ø  ̈ ̧aø ̈aÆ ±o

1⁄2±3æø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ Ú Ú Ú øo ̈aÆ “±TMa3æaÆ ÔÔÙ ÔÁÁËå øÆa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o

­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ o±Æ o·TMa ßaøÆ­ o±¥¥±©·21 o·­1⁄2 ̧øÆ1aÚ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄‹ ̃Ù

 ̄a ̃ ̄Ì ̃ ̄› ̃ ̄· ̃Ú Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÈðÎ ̄ø ̃  ̈ ̧a2 ±æ¥·1ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß çÅ·Ã2 3ø2ø1·21  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ́2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÈÔð ̄ø ̃å  ̈± °Æa­1⁄2Æ·æaÙ

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧Ù ø2o ±°aÆø ̈a ø ­ß­ ̈a3 ±o ø22 ́ø¥ °ø ̈·a2 ̈ a2Æ±¥¥3a2 ̈Ú ×2 oa­·12·21  ̈ ̧·­

ça2Æ±¥¥3a2 ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3Ùå  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ç­ ̧ø¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3 ©·¥¥ æa 3ø2ø1ao

·2 ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± a2Æ±¥¥aa­ ·­  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o

ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a ·2 Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß Ú Ú Ú Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈðÎ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ y ÔÈðÎ ̄ø ̃ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø2 ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿfl

ø­ ø © ̧±¥a ·­ 3ø2ø1ao ­± ø­  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈·3a¥ß 1⁄2øÆa ±o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a Ø ́ø¥· ̈ßÚ ...a

ø1ÆaaÚ ...a o·­ø1ÆaaÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 3ø2oø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2 ø2o

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·¶a ø­  ̈ ̧a flé­ ç±©2

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧ø ̈ y ÔÈÔð ÆaØ ́·Æa­Úå Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø Æaøo·21 ±TMaÆ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o y ÔÈðÎ ä °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß ·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa

2± ̈ o·¥ao ø2ß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßé­ 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a a2Æ±¥¥3a2 ̈

­ß­ ̈a3 · ̈­a¥oÚ
ÎÓ

Ã ̧a fl o±a­ 2± ̈ o·­° ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a · ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa

 ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú “±Æ ­ ̧± ́¥o · ̈ o·­° ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø oa¥øß ·2 °Æ±TM·o·21 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ©± ́¥o ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈± ø © ̧±¥a­ø¥a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ø ̈ÛÆ·­μ

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ́2oaÆ y ÔÈÔð ø2o y ÔÈðÎÙ ·2­±oøÆ ø­ ­±3a ø ̈ÛÆ·­μ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©·¥¥  ̈øμa  ̈ ̧a·Æ

±©2 ¥·TMa­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a oa¥øßÚ Ã ̧a fl ·­Ù  ̈ ̧ ́­Ù ±æTM·± ́­¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±

a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ­ß­ ̈a3Û©·oaÙ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ·­ °Æ±TM·oao  ̈± ø ̈ Æ·­μ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2 ø

 ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ Ã ̧aÆa ·­Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ 2± ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ¥ø21 ́ø1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß

±æ¥·1ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± o ́¥¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa3ao·a­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß a ̈aÆø2­ ä  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥

ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2 ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3Ú ...a øÆa  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa æ± ́2o æß  ̈ ̧a

Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “±Æ ̈±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê çŸa2aÆø¥ oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2aÙ

 ́2¥·μa  ̈ ̧a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø Æ ́¥·21 Ú Ú Ú ¥ø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·­· ̈a o±Æ ø1a21⁄2ß

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå “±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÚ 

fl­  ̈ ̧a “±Æ ̈±2 ›± ́Æ ̈ Æa1⁄2±12·¶aoÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμa

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 2± ̈ ±2¥ß æß ›±21Æa­­Ù æ ́ ̈ ø¥­± æß  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­Ú fl1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 çoa3ø2oao

æß ¥ø© Ú Ú Ú ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a o±Æ1⁄2a ±o ¥ø©Úå 

“±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÚ ¤TMa2 ø ¥a­­ o±Æ3ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ç°¥ø2å 3øß ç· ̈­a¥o 1⁄2Æaø ̈aÅÃ ø

1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ æ·2o·21 ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßÙå ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ç1⁄2¥aøÆ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o æ·2o·21

1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °¥ø2Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÁÙ ÈÔÚ Ã ̧ ́­ ©a  ̧øTMa  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

çø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± øæ·oa æß 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ °±¥·1⁄2·a­Ùå ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2
ÎÌ

ç·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Úå fl¥1⁄2øÆø¶ TMÚ ×“ÕÙ ÌËÏ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÔÎðÙ ÔÔÍÓ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÏ ̃  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21

”±Æ ̈±2 TMÚ Œ ́·¶Ù ÏÔÎ ÀÚÕÚ ÔÁÁÙ ÓÌÎ  ̄ÔÁÈÏ ̃ ̃Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ øÆ1 ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2 ø2o ⁄aa¥aß

”a3±Æø2o ́3 øÆa ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ °±¥·1⁄2·a­Ú fi ́ ̈ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ TM·a©Ú Ã ̧a –¥ø2 ©ø­ oa­·12ao  ̈± ç·oa2 ̈·oÅßÃ ±TMaÆ¥ø°Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÅÃ 1ø° ø2ø¥ß­a­Ù

ø2o °Æa­a2 ̈ÅÃ 1±ø¥­ ø2o ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ø ­a ̈ ±o °Æ±°±­ao ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 2aao­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a2Æ±¥¥ao TMa ̈aÆø2 °±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Úå

Ã ̧a fl 1⁄2ø­ ̈  ̈ ̧a –¥ø2é­ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ø­ çÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Úå “±© ̧aÆa o·o

 ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± æ·2o·21 · ̈­a¥oÙ ø2o ©a o± 2± ̈ o·2o ø2ß ·3°¥·ao ·2 ̈a2 ̈  ̈± o± ­±Ú 

Ã ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3Ù æß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø­ ̈Ù o±a­ ·3°±­a  ̈ ̧a øoo·Æ3ø ̈·TMa

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa1⁄2a·TMa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­

©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈©a2 ̈ßÛo± ́Æ  ̧± ́Æ­ ±o ­aaμ·21  ̧a¥° ç3 ́­ ̈ æa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao æß fl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÔÙ

ÓððÈÚå fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 3a3±Æø2o ́3 ä ø o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­a2 ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ‹a° ́ ̈ß À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß

o±Æ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ o±Æ —°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø2o ”ø2ø1a3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ “a ̈©±Æμ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ä ·­ ø2

·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±33 ́2·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥ø1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧a o±Æ1⁄2a ±o ¥ø©Ú Õaa Œø2μ TMÚ

“·33±Ù ÍÈÈ ⁄ÚÓo ÍÁÓÙ ÍÁËÛÁÁ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁËÓ ̃Ú À2¥·μa ø2 ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Æ ́¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­

±oo·1⁄2·ø¥¥ß ° ́æ¥·­ ̧ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o æ·2o·21 ±2 · ̈­ a3°¥±ßaa­Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ

 ̈ ̧a ”a3±Æø2o ́3 ·­ 3aÆa¥ß ø 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a oÆ±3 ø ­ ́°aÆTM·­±Æ  ̈±  ̧·­ ­ ́æ±Æo·2ø ̈a­Ú 
ÎÏ

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl 1⁄2¥ø·3 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa

 ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa 1⁄2ø22± ̈ °Æ±1⁄2aao æa1⁄2ø ́­a a ̈aÆø2­ o± 2± ̈ ø­­aÆ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl çoø·¥ao  ̈±  ̈øμa

ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμaå ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃Ù 

“±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÏÙ ø2o ­± ©a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21 ±2 a ̈aÆø2­éfl–flÛæø­ao 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÚ 

fiÚ ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a › ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ›øÆa ‹a¥·TMaÆß ‹a¥øß­

 a ̈aÆø2­ ø¥­± 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ ­ ́ooaÆ 2aao¥a­­¥ß æa1⁄2ø ́­a ±o ­aTMaÆa oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa TM·±¥ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ú ...a ø1ÆaaÚ

Ô

...a o·Æ­ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl oa°Æ·TMa­  ́­ ±o ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ

 ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú ...a 2± ̈a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ± ́ ̈­a ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a fl øÆ1 ́a­ TM·1±Æ± ́­¥ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

 ÷Œfl o±Æa1⁄2¥±­a­ ± ́Æ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­a1⁄2±2o o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù

Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù · ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈

øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø ̈ ø¥¥Ú Ã±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a fl ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥

2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ä © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø­­aÆ ̈ao è­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2é oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaå ä oø¥¥­ ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a ÷Œflé­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥ æøÆ  ̈± ç1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ æa2ao· ̈­ °Æ±TM·oao ·2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 1⁄2ø­a­Úå Ÿ±TMé ̈ fiÆÚ ÌÌ 2ÚÈÚ fl

°± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥ o¥ø© ·­ 2± ̈ ø ¥· ̈·1ø2 ̈é­ ·­­ ́a  ̈± ©ø·TMaÙ ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ ­± ©a 3 ́­ ̈
Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ̄æ ̃ °Æ±TM·oa­ o±Æ o± ́Æ a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2­Ù 2±2a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̧aÆaÊ  ̄Ô ̃  ̈ ̧a ÓÎ

ÆaTM·a© ±o fl Æ ́¥a­ ø2o Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ y ÎðÓÙ  ̄Ó ̃ ­ ́· ̈­ ·2 o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 1⁄2¥ø·3­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± oaoaÆø¥¥ß °Æ±TM·oao ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ  ̄Ì ̃ ­ ́· ̈­  ́2oaÆ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ Æa¥ø ̈·21  ̈±  ̧± ́­·21 ø2o ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­ ¥±ø2­Ù ø2o  ̄Ï ̃ ÆaTM·a© æß  ̈ ̧a

fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ú

ÎÎ

1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ± ́Æ­a¥TMa­ 2± ̈©· ̈ ̧­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­é ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Õaa flÆæø ́1 ̧

TMÚ «  ̇ ÿ ›±Æ°ÚÙ ÎÏÍ ÀÚÕÚ ÎððÙ ÎÔÏ  ̄ÓððÍ ̃Ú Õ ̈·¥¥Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ­±¥a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧·­

1⁄2ø­a  ̈± aTMa2 ­ ́11a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a© ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa oa¥øß­ ·­ ± ́Æ o·­­a2 ̈·21 1⁄2±¥¥aø1 ́aÙ ©a o·­1⁄2 ́­­

 ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ±2¥ß æÆ·ao¥ßÚ

Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ °Æ±TM·oa­Ù 

Ã ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa1⁄2·oa ø¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø© ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø

oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ́2oaÆ ø ¥ø©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o

æa2ao· ̈­ æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa°a2oa2 ̈­ ±Æ ­ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­ ±o

TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Ú Ú Ú ÅÃÃ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ø­  ̈± ø2ß ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2

­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·2ø¥ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ æa ÆaTM·a©ao æß ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ

±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ ±Æ æß ø2ß 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ æß ø2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o

3ø2oø3 ́­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­aÚÓÎ

Ã ̧a çØ ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o ¥ø©å °Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̧aÆa ·­ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥

­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈·3a¥ß ±æ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

 ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao ä ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø2 ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21

ä TM·±¥ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a æß °Æ±TM·o·21 ·2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú × ̈ ·­ oaæø ̈øæ¥a

© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o ¥ø© ·­ ±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ç2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a

Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßå øooa1⁄2 ̈·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­Ù ¥·μa  ̈ ̧a Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o © ̧ø ̈ aTM·oa21⁄2a ·­
ÎÍ

ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 3øμa ± ́ ̈ ø æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao –ÃÕ‹Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ

Õ ̈Æa­­±Æ ‹a ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ –±­ ̈ ̈Æø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2 Õ ̈Æa­­ ‹·­±ÆoaÆÙ ÈÎ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÌÁÙËÏÌÙ

ÌÁÙËÏÌ  ̄÷ ́¥ß ÔÌÙ ÓðÔð ̃Â ­aa ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÌÚÌðÏ ̄o ̃ ̄Ì ̃  ̄ÓðÔð ̃Ú ...a 2aao 2± ̈ Æa­±¥TMa

 ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ±o 2a1⁄2a­­· ̈ßÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ·­­ ́ao ø

çoa1⁄2·­·±2å ø2­©aÆ·21  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ø ̈ ø¥¥Ú Ã ̧a fl 3øß ø­­ ́3a ø2o

aTMa2 øÆ1 ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈­ ­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ °Æ±TM·o·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ ·­

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß ­± ́2oÙ æ ́ ̈ · ̈  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ·­­ ́ao ø çoa1⁄2·­·±2å ±2  ̈ ̧a Ø ́a­ ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­

ço·2ø¥ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ø2oå  ́2ÆaTM·a©øæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ©øß · ̈ 3·1 ̧ ̈ ·­­ ́aÙ o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø

çÆø ̈·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2å 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 ø °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ oa1Æaa ±o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­

±o 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·21 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈±Æß æa2ao· ̈­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÔÎÍ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄fi ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ øÆ1 ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ­·3°¥ß 2± ©øß  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­

1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ èoa ̈aÆ3·2·21 o·Æ­ ̈é © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ̈øoo èø1⁄2 ̈ao

°Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2  ̧ø2o¥·21é TMa ̈aÆø2­é ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ùå © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ç©·¥¥ oa°a2o ±2

 ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2ø­aå ä © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©a 3øß 2± ̈ ÆaTM·a©Ú ‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔÎ

 ̄Ø ́± ̈·21 –Æ·1⁄2a TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ÏÓðÙ ÏÓÓ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ Óððð ̃  ̄°aÆ 1⁄2 ́Æ·ø3 ̃

ø2o 1⁄2· ̈·21 Ã ̧±3ø­ TMÚ –Æ·21⁄2·°·Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ÁÈðÙ ÁÈÏ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃ ̃  ̄·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥

ø¥ ̈aÆø ̈·±2­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃ ̃Ú fi ́ ̈ ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­a  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­Ê a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o

øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈·3a¥ß 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã±

3øμa ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧aß 3 ́­ ̈ ­·3°¥ß oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a ç ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o ø2 aÆÆ±2a± ́­
ÎÈ

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2å ±o 1⁄2øÆa ç ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ Å1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ßÃ  ́­aoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æøæ¥a

TMø¥ ́aÙ ·o ø2ßÙ ±o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ±o ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­Úå ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ TMÚ

¤¥oÆ·o1aÙ ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ÌÔÁÙ ÌÌÎ  ̄ÔÁÈÎ ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­ 2aao 2± ̈Ù ø2o o±

2± ̈Ù ­aaμ  ̈± Æa¥· ̈·1ø ̈a ·2 oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ fl ­ ̈øoo ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß çø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2

 ̧ø2o¥·21å ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­é ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ù o·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔÏÙ ÔÎÂ

2± ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2 ·­ æao±Æa  ́­ ­aaμ·21  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3·21 ±o ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧a ¶ ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMaoÚ Œø ̈ ̧aÆÙ a ̈aÆø2­ °±·2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ ø­ aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o

 ̈ ̧a çÆ·­μ ±o ø2 aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2å  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­ 2±© oø1⁄2aÚ 

– ́ ̈ o·ooaÆa2 ̈¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ 2± ̈ ø  ̈±Æ ̈ ­ ́· ̈ æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2Ù ø­ ·2

 ̈ ̧a  ̈©± 1⁄2ø­a­ 1⁄2· ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈Ù © ̧aÆa ç ́2oaÆ¥ß·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3 ·­ ø2 ø¥¥a1ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a fl  ́2¶ ́­ ̈·o·øæ¥ß oa2·ao  ̧·3 ø TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈Úå Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏ

 ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú Ã ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãå ø­  ̈± çØ ́a­ ̈·±2Å­Ã ±o ¥ø© ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈å ·2

 ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2ø­a­ ©aÆa çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãå øæ± ́ ̈ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©aÆa

·2­ ́¥ø ̈ao oÆ±3 ÆaTM·a© ø­ ­±±2 ø­  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̧øo 3øoa  ̈ ̧±­a çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­ÃÚå 

×2­ ̈aøoÙ  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ ø ­ ́· ̈ o±Æ ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çøoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ±Æ ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­å æa °Æ±TM·oao ·2  ̈ ̧a o ́ ̈ ́ÆaÙ ·o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ±o

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·­ ¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 Æ·­μ  ̈ ̧aß ©± ́¥o °Æ±o ́1⁄2aÚ ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù

ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÎÚ Ã ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ çoa1⁄2·­·±2å  ̧aÆa ø­  ̈± ø çØ ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o ¥ø©å ·­ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ

 ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ øÆa 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Â  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̧ø­ 2± ̈
Ã ̧a flé­ ­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ o± 2± ̈ o·ooaÆa2 ̈·ø ̈a æa ̈©aa2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa ­·3°¥ß ÓÍ

a2Æ±¥¥ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flÙ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ß°a­ ±o  ̄2±2Û3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

Æa¥ø ̈ao ̃ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa ±2 ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ù ø2o TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ 

Ã ̧·­ o·1 ́Æa 1⁄2±3a­ oÆ±3 ø2 a3ø·¥ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 æß  ̈ ̧a ‹a° ́ ̈ß › ̧·ao ±o –ø ̈·a2 ̈ ÓÈ

›øÆa ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a­ o±Æ flé­ —oo·1⁄2a ±o ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ±2 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÔÌÙ ÓððËÚ Ã ̧a a3ø·¥

Æaøo ø­ o±¥¥±©­Ê

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÎË

Æa2oaÆao ø çoa1⁄2·­·±2å ±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2Ù ­±  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·11aÆ·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 o±Æ y ÎÔÔé­

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa aooa1⁄2 ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 2±© a®·­ ̈ ä ø­­ ́3·21  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßé­ ø2­©aÆ  ̈± ø

çØ ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o ¥ø©å ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2± ́¥o aTMaÆ o· ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o çoa1⁄2·­·±2Ùå

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­ 3±­ ̈  ́2¥·μa¥ßÚ Õaa ·2oÆøÙ ø ̈ ÈÁäËðÚ Ã ̧a fl ·­ 2± ̈ 3·­ ̈øμa2 ·2

 ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­ ́· ̈ oø¥¥­ ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ±o y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃Ú

Ó

...a  ̈ ́Æ2Ù  ̈ ̧a2Ù  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú Ã ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo

æao±Æa  ́­ ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±3a TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aTMaÆa oa°Æa­­·±2 ±Æ –ÃÕ‹ øÆa o±Æ1⁄2ao  ̈±

©ø· ̈ ±TMaÆ a·1 ̧ ̈ ©aaμ­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ÆaoaÆÆø¥­Ú ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °aÆ·±oÙ ­±3a ±o

 ̈ ̧±­a TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈øμa  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2 ¥·TMa­Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa øæ± ́ ̈ ÔË

­ ́·1⁄2·oa­ °aÆ oøß ø3±21 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o± ́Æ  ̈± o·TMa ­ ́·1⁄2·oa­ °aÆ oøß ø3±21

TMa ̈aÆø2­ a2Æ±¥¥ao  ̈± Æa1⁄2a·TMa fl  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ ×2 ÓððËÙ ±2a ÿfl ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ÓÍ

·oa2 ̈·o·ao çøæ± ́ ̈ ÔÙððð ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈­ °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧å ø3±21  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­aa2 ·2

 ÿfl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ú Ã ̧a °Æa1⁄2·­a 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©a øÆa °Æa­a2 ̈ao ÓÈ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÓÈ

Õ ̧ ̧ˇ 

— ́Æ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±±Æo·2ø ̈±Æ­ øÆa ·oa2 ̈·oß·21 øæ± ́ ̈ Ôððð

­ ́·1⁄2·oa ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈­ °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧ ø3±21  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©a ­aa ·2 ± ́Æ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ú ×­  ̈ ̧·­ ­±3a ̈ ̧·21 ©a ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̄1⁄2øÆao ́¥¥ß ̃ øooÆa­­ ± ́Æ­a¥TMa­ ·2

­±3a ­±Æ ̈ ±o Æa¥aø­a æao±Æa ­±3a±2a ­ ̈ ́3æ¥a­ ±2 · ̈·

Ã ̧ø ̈ a3ø·¥ ©ø­ ±æ ̈ø·2ao æß a ̈aÆø2­ o ́Æ·21 o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ·2  ̈ ̧·­ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o o·Æ­ ̈

3øoa ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø­ ø Æa­ ́¥ ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ 3a­­ø1a ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ¥·μa · ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈ao ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈

3ao·ø ø ̈ ̈a2 ̈·±2Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ flÆ3a2 ’a ̈aß·ø2Ù fl ÿ·o Õ ́·1⁄2·oa Œ·­μÙ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ ¤Û”ø·¥­

Õ ̧±©Ù ›fiÕ “a©­  ̄fl°ÆÚ ÓÔÙ ÓððË ̃Ù øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©Ú1⁄2æ­2a©­Ú1⁄2±3Ò­ ̈±Æ·a­ÒÓððËÒðÏÒÓÔÒ1⁄2æ­2a©­£·2TMa­ ̈·1ø ̈a­Ò3ø·2ÏðÌÓÁÓÔÚ­

 ̧ ̈3¥Ú Ã ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ̈a2 ̈·±2Ù ·2  ̈ ́Æ2Ù °Æ±3° ̈ao ø 1⁄2±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ·2TMa­ ̈·1ø ̈·±2Ú Õaa Ã ̧a

ÃÆ ́ ̈ ̧ flæ± ́ ̈ a ̈aÆø2­é Õ ́·1⁄2·oa­Ù ÿaøÆ·21 fiao±Æa  ̈ ̧a ÿÚŒÚ ›±33Ú ±2 a ̈aÆø2­

flooø·Æ­Ù ÔÔð ̈ ̧ ›±21ÚÙ Óo Õa­­Ú  ̄”øß ÍÙ ÓððË ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ 1a ̈­ °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ Æaø¥· ̈ß a®ø1⁄2 ̈¥ß æø1⁄2μ©øÆo­ © ̧a2 · ̈ ø­­aÆ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈

ç›±21Æa­­ ø¥Æaøoß a®aÆ1⁄2·­a­ TM·1±Æ± ́­ ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ · ̈­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈±

 ̧±¥o  ̧aøÆ·21­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅæÃa1⁄2ø ́­a ›±21Æa­­ ·­ ø¥Æaøoß

ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ øooø·Æ­Ù °Æ±1Æø33ø ̈·1⁄2 ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa

3øoa ·2  ̈ ̧a ±oo·1⁄2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl ±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̧ø¥¥­ ±o ›±21Æa­­Ù 2± ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2Úå 

‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÌÏ  ̄·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ø2o æÆø1⁄2μa ̈­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú Ã±  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æ ́1⁄2·ø¥ Æ±¥a o±Æ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ·2· ̈·ø ̈ao æß ·2¶ ́Æao

°øÆ ̈·a­ ·2 o±Æ1⁄2·21  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈  ̈± Æa­°±2oÚ ÿøo  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ̧a2

ß·a¥oao ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a 3·1 ̧ ̈  ̧øTMa æa1⁄2±3a 3±± ̈Ú × ̈ ·­ ±2¥ß æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao  ̈± oø·¥  ̈± 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ °Æ±æ¥a3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a øÆa 1⁄2±3°a¥¥ao

 ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ °Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̧aÆaÚ

ÎÁ

·­ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆa ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈± ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o

ç°Æ±°aÆ ̈ßå ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ø TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ú

ø

⁄·Æ­ ̈ ©a 3 ́­ ̈ o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­ ø¥¥a1a ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o ¥·oaÙ ¥·æaÆ ̈ßÙ ±Æ

°Æ±°aÆ ̈ßÚ fl­ ©a o·­1⁄2 ́­­ øæ±TMaÙ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø2 a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧
Íð

1⁄2øÆa o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Ã ̧a fl o±a­ 2± ̈ o·­° ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø

°Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÚ ×2oaaoÙ · ̈ ·­ ©a¥¥Û

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±o ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥å ·2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ ±Æ

­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̧a ·­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao ç·­ ø ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æ·¥ß 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao è°Æ±°aÆ ̈ßé ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao

æß  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Úå ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÓÚ

æ

Õa1⁄2±2oÙ ©a 3 ́­ ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 3a3æaÆ­  ̧øTMa æaa2

oa°Æ·TMao ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú ×2 1⁄2ø­a­ ·2TM±¥TM·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a çoa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2å ·­ 1⁄2¥aøÆÚ ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ Ÿ±¥oæaÆ1 TMÚ ’a¥¥ßÙ ÌÁÈ

ÀÚÕÚ ÓÎÈ  ̄ÔÁÈð ̃Ú Õ·3·¥øÆ¥ßÙ ©a  ̧øTMa ¥±21  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ± ́ ̈Æ·1 ̧ ̈ oa2·ø¥ ±o æa2ao· ̈­

 ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ·­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o ø Æa1⁄2±12·¶ao °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ “ø ̈é¥ fl­­é2 ±o Œøo·ø ̈·±2 Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­ TMÚ ‹aÆ©·2­μ·Ù ÁÁÏ ⁄ÚÓo ÎËÌÙ

ÎËË 2ÚÈ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÓ ̃  ̄oa2·ø¥ ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­ ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a­ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ̃Â ŸÆ·ooa ̈ ̧ TMÚ ‹a ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̧Ù ÍðÌ ⁄ÚÓo ÔÔËÙ ÔÓðÛÓÔ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈÁ ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­é­

1⁄2¥ø·3 o·ooaÆ­ ­±3a© ̧ø ̈Ú Ã ̧aß øÆ1 ́a 2± ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­é ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ 1⁄2øÆa  ̧øTMa

æaa2 oa1⁄2·oao æß  ̈ ̧a fl ø2o o·2ø¥¥ß Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈aoÙ æ ́ ̈ ·2­ ̈aøo  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆa ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ ç·­  ̈ø2 ̈ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈± ø oa2·ø¥ ±o 1⁄2øÆaÙå °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß o±Æ

TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥Ú ...a ø1ÆaaÚ 
ÍÔ

×2 ø Æa¥ø ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­ Æa1⁄2±12·¶ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a °±­­·æ¥a

¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o ©Æ±21o ́¥ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o Ú Ú Ú æa2ao· ̈­ ·­ ø2 ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2 ø­­a­­·21

 ̈ ̧a ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2 Ú Ú Ú °Æ·TMø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­Úå ⁄ ́­øÆ· TMÚ Õ ̈a·2æaÆ1Ù ÏÔÁ ÀÚÕÚ

ÌÈÁÙ ÌËÁ  ̄ÔÁÈÎ ̃Ú Ã ̧ ́­ ·2 ⁄ ́­øÆ·Ù  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a®1⁄2a­­·TMa oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a

øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ  ́2a3°¥±ß3a2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­Ù o ́Æ·21 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈·3a æa2ao· ̈­ ©aÆa

©· ̈ ̧ ̧a¥oÙ 1⁄2± ́¥o ß·a¥o ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ·2 · ̈­ ±©2 Æ·1 ̧ ̈ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ æa2ao· ̈­

©aÆa  ́¥ ̈·3ø ̈a¥ß Æa­ ̈±ÆaoÚ fl2o ·2 ›¥aTMa¥ø2o fi±øÆo ±o ¤o ́1⁄2ø ̈·±2 TMÚ ‘± ́oaÆ3·¥¥Ù ÏÈð

ÀÚÕÚ ÎÌÓ  ̄ÔÁËÎ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ Æaø­±2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅøÃ ̈ ­±3a °±·2 ̈Ù ø oa¥øß ·2 ÅøÃ

°±­ ̈Û ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2  ̧aøÆ·21 ©± ́¥o æa1⁄2±3a ø 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ùå  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈

°±·2 ̈  ̧øo 2± ̈ æaa2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÎÏÈÂ ­aa ø¥­± fiøÆÆß TMÚ fiøÆ1⁄2 ̧·Ù ÏÏÌ

ÀÚÕÚ ÎÎÙ ÍÍ  ̄ÔÁÈÁ ̃  ̄çÅ×Ã ̈ ©ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ fiøÆ1⁄2 ̧· æa ø­­ ́Æao ø °Æ±3° ̈ °±­ ̈Û

­ ́­°a2­·±2  ̧aøÆ·21Ù ±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o °Æ±1⁄2aao ø2o æa 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø°°Æa1⁄2·øæ¥a

oa¥øßÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø­ ø°°¥·ao ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a ©ø­ oao·1⁄2·a2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈Ù

fiøÆ1⁄2 ̧·é­ ­ ́­°a2­·±2 ©ø­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß ·2o·Æ3  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a ±o

 ̈ ̧a ⁄± ́Æ ̈aa2 ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Úå ̃Ú ×2oaaoÙ çø ̈ ­±3a °±·2 ̈ oa¥øß 3 ́­ ̈ Æ·°a2 ·2 ̈±

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ø ­ ́· ̈ ø¥¥a1·21 oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ©± ́¥o o±ÆaTMaÆ æa

°Æa3ø ̈ ́ÆaÚå Õ1⁄2 ̧Æ±aoaÆ TMÚ ›· ̈ß ±o › ̧·1⁄2ø1±Ù ÁÓÈ ⁄ÚÓo ÁÎÈÙ ÁÍð  ̄È ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÔ ̃

 ̄–±­2aÆÙ ÷Ú ̃Ú 
... ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ·­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß  ́21⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ·2o¥·1⁄2 ̈ao ÓË

©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·­ ø o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©a  ̈ ́Æ2 2a® ̈Ú

›±2 ̈ÆøÆß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈é­ ­ ́11a­ ̈·±2Ù ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ TMÚ “ø ̈·±2ø¥ fl­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2 ±o ÓÁ

Œøo·ø ̈·±2 Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­Ù ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ÌðÎ  ̄ÔÁËÎ ̃Ù o·o 2± ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø 2a©Ù ­°a1⁄2·ø¥ ç ̧·1 ̧

 ̧ ́Æo¥aå o±Æ ø¥¥ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­ ·2TM±¥TM·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Õaa ‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÓÏÙ

ÌÓäÌÌÚ ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ ø°°¥·ao  ̈ ̧a ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ o±Æ3 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o

 ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ­ ̈Æ±21Ù 1⁄2a2 ̈ ́Æ·a­Û±¥o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ø TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­

­ß­ ̈a3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ çø­ ·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o 2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÙå çÅ·Ã ̈ ©± ́¥o  ̈øμa ø2

a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß ­ ̈Æ±21 ­ ̧±©·21 ±o °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o aÆÆ±Æ  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3 ä

ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a21⁄2a ±o ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß­ ©± ́¥o ­ ̧øÆ°¥ß o·3·2·­ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈

°±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ä  ̈± ©øÆÆø2 ̈ ø  ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oaa ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 oa2·a­ 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±o ¥ø©Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÌÙ ÌÓÍÚ 

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÍÓ

...a  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2ø­a­  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±33±2­a2­a °Æ±°±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2

 ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a oa¥·TMaÆß ±o ø2 a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø2 ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈± ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈Ú a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa oa°Æ·TMao ±o  ̈·3a¥ß 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa øÆa ÓË

oa2·ao  ̈ ̧a ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈a ·2 ø 3±Æa  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆ ø2o  ̈± øTM±·o ­·2μ·21

oaa°aÆ ·2 ̈± oa°Æa­­·±2 ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ fl2oÙ ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧±­a

·¥¥2a­­ 1⁄2ø ́­a­  ̈ ̧a3  ̈±  ̈øμa  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2 ¥·TMa­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆ·3Ù  ̈ ̧a oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ·­ o·2ø¥Ú

1⁄2

⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ ©a 3 ́­ ̈ oa1⁄2·oa © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ oa­·12ao  ̈± °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­

ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·­ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ±Æ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ o ́aÚ ...a ø°°¥ß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøo· ̈·±2ø¥ æø¥ø21⁄2·21  ̈a­ ̈ ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ TMÚ ¤¥oÆ·o1a ·2  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈­Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ “ø ̈·±2ø¥ fl­­é2 ±o Œøo·ø ̈·±2 Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­

TMÚ ‹aÆ©·2­μ·Ù ÁÁÏ ⁄ÚÓo ÎËÌÙ ÎËË  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÓ ̃Ú Ã ̧a ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ ›± ́Æ ̈ a®°¥ø·2ao ÓÁ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÓÁ

”±Æa±TMaÆÙ ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ ©ø­ 1⁄2¥aøÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ø2 ç·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o

2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥å ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ø­ oao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÙ ©ø­ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± ç ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 æa2ao· ̈­å ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a flÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÔÚ Ã ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa ­aÆ·± ́­

© ̧a2 · ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈  ̧ø­ ø2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ø2 ç·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o

2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥å Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ßaøÆ­ ±o oaoaÆø¥Û1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÚ 

‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔäÓÙ ÓÏÚ fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ± ́Æ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈±oøß ·­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±o

øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ø2o Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ·2 ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 æa·21 a2 ̈aÆao ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a flÙ · ̈

o±a­ 2± ̈ ̧·21  ̈± 1⁄2±3°Æ±3·­a  ̈ ̧a ç·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o 2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥å °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©· ̈ ̧·2

 ̈ ̧a fl o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­Ú ×2oaaoÙ ·2

°øÆ ̈ × ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ±°·2·±2 ©a Æaøoo·Æ3 ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­é­  ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±2

°øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß­ o ́Æ·21 Æa1·±2ø¥Û¥aTMa¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±a­ 2± ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈a

o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú

ÍÌ

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·3°±­a­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ ±2 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

oa°Æ·TMa ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ±o è¥·æaÆ ̈ßé ±Æ è°Æ±°aÆ ̈ßé ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a

⁄·o ̈ ̧ Ú Ú Ú fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ù å ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÓÚ fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù  ̈ ̧a

ç·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 o·1⁄2 ̈ø ̈a­ ±o o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­å ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1øÆo  ̈± ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2

±o ø °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ç1a2aÆø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧Æaa o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ê

⁄·Æ­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa øooa1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Â ­a1⁄2±2oÙ  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ

±o ø2 aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ́­aoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±æøæ¥a TMø¥ ́aÙ ·o ø2ßÙ ±o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ±Æ ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­Â ø2o

o·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2TM±¥TMao ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2ø¥

ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa æ ́Æoa2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ±Æ ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈

©± ́¥o a2 ̈ø·¥Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÎÚ 
ÍÏ

 ̄Ô ̃ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈¥ß 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈

”ø ̈ ̧a©­ oø1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ ç ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2 Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ·­  ̧·1 ̧Úå

–Æ±°aÆ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2ø2 ø¥¥aTM·ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ­aTMaÆa  ̈±¥¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –ÃÕ‹  ̈øμa­ ±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ

oø3·¥·a­Ù ø2o · ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2·oa21⁄2a ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ aÆÆaoÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ

·2 · ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ©ø­ ¥±©Ù ø2o ·2 · ̈­

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øo oø·¥ao  ̈± °Æ±TMa ø ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 oa2·ø¥ ±Æ  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a

oa¥øß ·2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa °Æ±TM·­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø  ̧·1 ̧ Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ú × ̈ ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß aÆÆao ·2 · ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧·Æo ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ

©a·1 ̧­ ø1ø·2­ ̈ ·3°±­·21 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­Ù æø­ao  ́°±2 · ̈­

aÆÆ±2a± ́­ ø­­ ́3° ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ©± ́¥o ·3°±­a  ́2o ́a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

æ ́Æoa2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a flÚ ...a a®ø3·2a aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̈©± oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ·2  ̈ ́Æ2Ú

 ̄Ó ̃ ×2 ©a·1 ̧·21  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ oø1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß

 ́2oaÆa­ ̈·3ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 oø1⁄2ao æß TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆ·± ́­

3a2 ̈ø¥ ·¥¥2a­­a­ ø2o o·­±ÆoaÆ­Ú a ̈aÆø2­ o·o 2± ̈ °Æ±TMa 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·TMa¥ß ø ̈  ̈Æ·ø¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­aaμ·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa oø1⁄2a ø  ̧·1 ̧ Æ·­μ ±o oa ̈Æ·3a2 ̈ø¥ oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆaÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ o·2o·21­ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ Æ·­μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ©·¥¥  ̧øÆ3 TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú ”ø ̈ ̧a©­

ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ́­  ̈± æø¥ø21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a ç°Æ±æøæ¥a

TMø¥ ́aÙ ·o ø2ßÙ ±o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ Ú Ú Ú °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­Úå ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÎÚ 
 a ̈aÆø2­ o± 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ­ ́°Æø ø ̈ Ìð

ÔÈäÔËÙ  ̧aÆaÙ ø2o ­± ©a o± 2± ̈ øooÆa­­ · ̈­ øoaØ ́ø1⁄2ßÚ 

ÍÎ

×2  ̈ ̧a øÆaø ±o ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a

3øÆ1·2ø¥ TMø¥ ́a ±o çøoo· ̈·±2ø¥å °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·­ a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß  ̧·1 ̧Ù

æa1⁄2ø ́­a ø ̈ °Æa­a2 ̈ 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ·­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ øÆa °Æ±TM·oao ­±±2 a2± ́1 ̧  ̈± æa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMaÚ

fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ø ç1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥å oa1⁄2·­·±2 3øoa æß ø 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ ä

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø 2 ́Æ­aÙ o±1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ ±Æ °­ß1⁄2 ̧±¥±1·­ ̈ ä  ̈± °¥ø1⁄2a ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ±2 ø ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ

1⁄2øÆa 3øß æa ø°°aø¥aoÙ ø TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧ø­ 2± ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß ø ̈ ø¥¥  ̈± ø°°aø¥ ø Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2·­ ̈ ±Æ

1⁄2ø¥¥ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆé­ çøo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMaå oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧a 3 ́­ ̈ ©ø· ̈  ̈± Æa1⁄2a·TMa 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆaÚ ×2  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù ‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μßÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧·ao 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2aÆ ±o ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a Ìð

 flé­ ÓÔ 2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Æa1·±2­Ù ©ø­ ø­μao © ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o  ̧ø°°a2 ç·o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ·­  ̈±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

è«± ́ 1a ̈ ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ·2 Íð oøß­Ùé ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ©ø2 ̈­ ø2 aøÆ¥·aÆ

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Úå ÿa Æa­°±2oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ ç°±¥·1⁄2ß o±a­2é ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈

 ̈·3aÚå  ̄¤3° ̧ø­·­ øooaoÚ ̃ ×2oaaoÙ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧±­a oa¥øßao 1⁄2øÆa ­ ̈a3­ oÆ±3

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa oa1⁄2·­·±2­  ̧øTMa 2± Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± ­°aøμ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­ ́°aÆTM·­·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ

øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 2aao o±Æ 3±Æa ·33ao·ø ̈a 1⁄2øÆaÙ 2±Æ  ̈± ·2­·­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß æa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao æß ø

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥Ù 2±Æ  ̈± ­a1⁄2 ́Æa ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o ¥a­­a2  ̈ ̧a

¥·μa¥· ̧±±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·ø12±­·­ ø2o  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ øÆa oa¥øßao  ̈±± ¥±21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2ø­a­Ú 
...a  ̧øTMa 2± ̈ ç3·­ ́2oaÆ­ ̈Å±±oÃ Å ̈ ̧aÃ aTM·oa21⁄2aå ±o  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ÌÔ

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÍÍ

—2¥ß ·o ø ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2 ©aÆa 3øoa æß ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ ä o±Æ

a®ø3°¥a ·o ø ç2 ́Æ­a ±Æ ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2 ­øÅ·oÃ è«± ́éÆa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ­ ̈øæ¥a Ú Ú Ú ä ø2

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ·2 ­·® ©aaμ­ ·­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aéå ä ©± ́¥o ø TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧øTMa ø2ß ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß

 ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø ÆaTM·a©Ù  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú —o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ ø ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °±·2 ̈

 ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ©± ́¥o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈  ̧øTMa æaa2 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao æß ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ ä

­±3a ̈ ̧·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2ø¥¥·21 æß ° ̧±2a ±Æ ­°aøμ·21  ̈± ø Æa1⁄2a° ̈·±2·­ ̈ ©± ́¥o 2± ̈

ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 1a ̈Ù  ́2¥a­­  ̧a ©ø¥μao ·2 ̈± ø fl a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß Æ±±3 ±Æ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2 ø2o

ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ça®°Æa­­ao ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥ ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2­Úå ‘·μa 3±­ ̈ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °ø ̈·a2 ̈­Ù TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa

1a2aÆø¥¥ß ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥ao o·Æ­ ̈ æß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ̈øooÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 ­aa2 ­a1⁄2±2o æß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

°aÆ­±22a¥  ̄ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥ao ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ̃ ä 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ ©øß øÆ± ́2oÙ ø­  ̈ ̧a

o·­­a2 ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­Ú

Ã ̧aÆa ·­Ù Ø ́· ̈a ­·3°¥ßÙ 2± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ±o ø ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆé­ ø­­·123a2 ̈ ±o

ø 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ©aaμ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o ́ ̈ ́ÆaÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­

­ ́11a­ ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±ooaÆ­ ø ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo

o±Æ ø¥¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±2 ÿfl ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧±­a °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ¥·­ ̈­ æß

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­Ù ·­ 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±ÆoÚ Õ±  ̈±± o±a­  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ ·3°Æ±°aÆ¥ß

1⁄2±2o ́­a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈·±2 æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ oa¥øß­Ù o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ­±3a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­

°Æ±TM·oaoÙ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ±2a­Ù o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2±2aÚÌÔ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÌÔ

­øoa1 ́øÆo­Ù ø­  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­Ù o·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÓÎÂ ©a  ̧øTMa ­·3°¥ß øTM±·oao

 ̈ ̧a aÆÆ±Æ 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ ±o ·3°Æ±°aÆ¥ß 1⁄2±2o ́­·21  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈·±2 æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2ø¥ oa¥øß­ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ±2a­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o¥ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a

·­­ ́a­  ́2·Ø ́a  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧Ú Õaa ‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÓÎäÌðÚ 

ÍÈ

Ã ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo æao±Æa  ́­ ·­ Æa°¥a ̈a ©· ̈ ̧ a®ø3°¥a­ ±o oa¥a ̈aÆ·± ́­ oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a

 ÿflé­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ ø2o ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́2 ̈Æß  ̧øTMa 2± 3aø2­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa

­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ Ã ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2­ ±2a ­ ̈±ÆßÙ o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ±o ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧± 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao

­ ́·1⁄2·oa øo ̈aÆ 1⁄2ø¥¥·21  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± Æa°±Æ ̈  ̧·­ ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥  ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ ̈­ æ ́ ̈ ©ø­  ̈±¥o  ̧a ©± ́¥o

æa ±TMaÆ ÓÎ °¥ø1⁄2a­ o±©2 ±2 ø ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ú ×2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2ø­aÙ ø o±Æ3aÆ

ÀÚÕÚ ”øÆ·2a © ̧± ©ø­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –a2 ̈ø1±2 ±2 Õa° ̈a3æaÆ ÔÔÙ ÓððÔÙ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ ­aÆTMao ·2

×ÆøØÙ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ø oa¥øß ±o ø¥3±­ ̈ a·1 ̧ ̈ ©aaμ­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fl ©± ́¥o ­aa  ̧·3 øo ̈aÆ

ç ̈a¥¥·21  ̈ ̧a fl Æa°aø ̈ao¥ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ × ©ø­ ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥å ø2o  ̧øTM·21 ø¥Æaøoß æaa2 o·ø12±­ao

©· ̈ ̧ –ÃÕ‹Ú fl¥¥  ̈±¥oÙ ±TMaÆ ËÏÙððð TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa ±2 ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3øoa 2± o·2o·21 ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ©aÆa

°¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ æß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­Ù ø­ ±°°±­ao  ̈± 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2·ø2­Ú a ̈aÆø2­ øÆ1 ́a

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMø­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa oa2·ao ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa æß

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a fl ±ooaÆ­ 2± aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈± Æaæ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú ... ̧ø ̈ ·­ 1⁄2¥aøÆ ·­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa 2± Æa1⁄2± ́Æ­a © ̧a2  ̈ ̧aß øÆa  ̈±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥ao

­±±2aÆ o±Æ ø 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Ú 
ÍË

Ã ̧·­ øæ­a21⁄2a ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·­ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß ø¥øÆ3·21 ·2 TM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a

ø°°øÆa2 ̈ ·2aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ­ß­ ̈a3Ú ×2 ÷ ́¥ß ÓððÎÙ ø2 çfl ́o· ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a

 a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2é­ — ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ Õ1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­å 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao

æß  ̈ ̧a flé­ —oo·1⁄2a ±o ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ Ÿa2aÆø¥ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ç ÿfl o·o 2± ̈ o±¥¥±©

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ © ̧a2 ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­aaμ·21

± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2øÆaÙå ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã©± ßaøÆ­ ¥ø ̈aÆÙ ø o±¥¥±©Û ́° ø ́o· ̈

ÆaTMaø¥ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·TMa ±o  ̈ ̧a a·1 ̧ ̈ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ 3øoa ·2 ÓððÎ

 ̧øo 2± ̈ æaa2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈aoÚ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ Æa°±Æ ̈ o± ́2oÊ ÈÓ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o

°ø ̈·a2 ̈ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­  ̧øo ç ́2a®°¥ø·2aoå oa¥øß­ æa ̈©aa2 oø ̈a­ 1⁄2øÆa ©ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao

æß TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2·ø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a­ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ©aÆa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aoÂ

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß  ̈Æø·2aoÙ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß ±2 ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈­Â ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æa­­ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o °ø ̈·a2 ̈

©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­  ̧øo 1⁄2ø ́­ao ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­  ̈± øTM±·o °¥ø1⁄2·21 °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ±2 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ø ̈ ø¥¥Ú 

Õ·3·¥øÆ¥ßÙ ø ÓððÎ ÀÚÕÚ Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß —oo·1⁄2a Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 fl

­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ o±Æ –ÃÕ‹ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧øo 2± ̈ oaTMa¥±°ao ÆaoaÆÆø¥ 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3­  ̈±

°Æ±TM·oa –ÃÕ‹ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ © ̧a2  ̈ ̧±­a ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ßÛæø­ao

1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­Ù ø2o 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao  ̈ ̧a ç flé­ 1⁄2ø°ø1⁄2· ̈ß  ̈± ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2o  ̈Æaø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21

oÆ±3 3·¥· ̈øÆß 1⁄2±3æø ̈ © ̧± 3øß æa ø ̈ Æ·­μ o±Æ oaTMa¥±°·21 –ÃÕ‹Ù © ̧·¥a 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21
ÍÁ

–ÃÕ‹ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a3Úå fl2o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o

 ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù © ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3 ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± °Æa­a2 ̈  ̈± ø ”ao·1⁄2ø¥

›a2 ̈aÆ ±Æ ›±33 ́2· ̈ß fiø­ao — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ›a2 ̈aÆ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈  ̈·3a ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

·­­ ́a­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÓÏ  ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈ ̧a fl ¥ø1⁄2μ­ ø2ß 3a ̈ ̧±o  ̈± a2­ ́Æa

1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧·­ ÓÏÛ ̧± ́Æ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 °±¥·1⁄2ß ø2o o±a­ 2± ̈ μ2±© © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a

°±¥·1⁄2ß  ̧ø­ æaa2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈aoÚ 

Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa 2± ̈ ø 1⁄2ø­a ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a®·­ ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ øÆa ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­  ́2¥·μa¥ß  ̈± °Æ±o ́1⁄2a ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øÆ1·2ø¥ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ú ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ ”ø ̈ ̧a©­Ù ÏÓÏ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÏÌÛÏÍÚ ×2­ ̈aøoÙ  ̈ ̧a

 ́2oaÆ¥ß·21 ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ­ß­ ̈a3 ·­ o¥ø©aoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa © ̧ø ̈­±aTMaÆ o±Æ

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa¥øß­Ú ›±2­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ßÙ ø2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ©± ́¥o

°Æ±o ́1⁄2a ø 3aø2·21o ́¥ ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥ao ̈  ̈± ©ø· ̈

 ̈±± ¥±21  ̈± 1a ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2øÆa  ̈ ̧aß 2aaoÚ 

 ̄Ì ̃ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ ©a·1 ̧·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧·Æo ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ©ø­ ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß

aÆÆ±2a± ́­Ú × ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çøoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­å ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ ­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ

 ̈Æaø ̈·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·­­ ́a­ ©± ́¥o ·3°±­a  ́2©øÆÆø2 ̈ao çæ ́Æoa2­ ±2

 ̈ ̧a flÚå Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o·o 2± ̈ 3øμa ø2ß ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ o·2o·21­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a

Æa1⁄2±Æo ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a æao±Æa  ́­ ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o a® ̈a2 ̈ ±o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

æ ́Æoa2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa ·3°±­ao  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a flÙ ·o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­
Õaa fiflŒÃ‘¤ÃÃéÕ ⁄fl”×‘×flŒ œÀ—ÃflÃ×—“ÕÊ fl ›—‘‘¤›Ã×—“ —⁄ –flÕÕflŸ¤ÕÙ

ÌÓ

–ÿŒflÕ¤ÕÙ fl“‹ –Œ— ¤ŒfiÕ ÃŒfl›¤‹ Ã— Ãÿ¤×Œ Õ—ÀŒ›¤Õ ×“ fl“›×¤“Ã fl“‹ ”—‹¤Œ“

‘×Ã¤ŒflÃÀŒ¤  ̄ÔÈ ̈ ̧ aoÚ ÓððÓ ̃Ú

Èð

©aÆa ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2ao  ̈± oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­a1⁄2 ́Æa  ̈ ̧a·Æ a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa 3ø22aÆÚ ×2­ ̈aøoÙ · ̈ ø°°aøÆ­  ̈±  ̧øTMa æø­ao  ̈ ̧·­

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ­±¥a¥ß ±2 ø Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 °¥ ́1⁄2μao oÆ±3 ø Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2ø­a Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ çè1a2 ́·2a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·ø12±­·­ ø2o

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ Ú Ú Ú Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈±  ̈·3aÛ1⁄2±2­ ́3·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ 3·2 ́a ̈­Úéå

 ̄œ ́± ̈·21 –øÆ ̧ø3 TMÚ ÷ÚŒÚÙ ÏÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ÎËÏÙ ÍðÎ  ̄ÔÁÈÁ ̃ ̃Ú Ã ̧a fl 2±© 1⁄2· ̈a­  ̈ ̧·­ ­ø3a

¥ø21 ́ø1aÚ

›ø­a­ øÆa 2± ̈ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈± æa Æa¥·ao  ́°±2 ¥·μa a2 ̈Æ·a­ ·2 fiøÆ ̈¥a ̈ ̈é­

° ́Æa¥ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2TMa2·a2 ̈  ̈ ́Æ2­ ±o ° ̧Æø­aÚ Œø ̈ ̧aÆÙ 1⁄2ø­a­ øÆa 1⁄2¥ ́­ ̈aÆ­ ±o oø1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ÌÓ

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±o ¥a1ø¥ °Æ·21⁄2·°¥a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧±­a oø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa Æaøo ·2 © ̧±¥aÚ –øÆ ̧ø3Ù

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a®ø3·2ao  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±o 3·2±Æ­ 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± ­ ̈ø ̈a °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·1⁄2

oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ æß  ̈ ̧a·Æ °øÆa2 ̈­Ù a3° ̧ø­·¶ao Ÿa±Æ1·øé­ ç­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 2± ̈

·3°±­·21  ́22a1⁄2a­­øÆß °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ±æ­ ̈ø1⁄2¥a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß o·­1⁄2± ́Æø1a  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥¥ß ·¥¥ ±Æ

 ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­ oÆ±3 ­aaμ·21 2aaoao °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·1⁄2 ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÚå ÏÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍðÎÚ Ã ̧ø ̈

·­Ù  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ©ø­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ©± ́¥o 1⁄2Æaø ̈a oa¥øßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

©± ́¥o  ̧øÆ3  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈aé­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3øμ·21  ̧ø­­¥aÛoÆaa  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±

oø3·¥·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2aao · ̈Ú ×2oaaoÙ  ̈ ̧a  ́2øæÆ·o1ao ­a2 ̈a21⁄2a oÆ±3 –øÆ ̧ø3 ·­Ê çÃ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a
ÈÔ

ø¥­±  ̧ø­ ø 1a2 ́·2a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·ø12±­·­ ø2o  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o

°ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ø­ ­±±2 ø­  ̈ ̧aß øÆa øo3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± ø  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈±  ̈·3aÛ1⁄2±2­ ́3·21

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ 3·2 ́a ̈­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a øo3·­­·±2Úå ×oÚ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú ÿaÆaÙ  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ °Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶·21  ̈ ̧a o·ø12±­·­ ø2o  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ±TMaÆ

 ́22a1⁄2a­­øÆß oa¥øßÚ Ã±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ · ̈ ·­ a3æÆø1⁄2·21 oa¥øß ±TMaÆ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø2ß ¶ ́­ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a flé­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­

Ø ́±Ù · ̈  ̧ø­ 2± ̈  ̈±¥o  ́­Ù ø2o ©a 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ·3ø1·2a ±2aÚ ›±­ ̈ ä ±o ̈a2 1⁄2¥ø·3ao æß  ̈ ̧a

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø­ ø2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ¥a­­ Æ±æ ́­ ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ä o±a­ 2± ̈ ­aa3  ̈± æa ø ̈ ·­­ ́a  ̧aÆaÚ 

Ã ̧a fl o±a­ 2± ̈ 3a2 ̈·±2 a®°a2­aÙ ø2o ø­  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2oÙ ç ̈ ̧a ÿflé­

› ̧·ao ⁄·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆ  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÿfl ·­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß oø1⁄2·21 ø æ ́o1a ̈

1⁄2Æ·­·­ ø2o  ̧ø­ øoaØ ́ø ̈a 3±2aß  ̈± è3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a 3·­­·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Úéå ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a

 fl  ̧ø­  ̧·Æao 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÌÙËðð 2a© 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ­ ̈øoo ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ oa© ßaøÆ­Ù ø2o

ÎððÛÍðð °±­· ̈·±2­ ­ ̈·¥¥ Æa3ø·2  ́2o·¥¥aoÚ ×2 oø1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2¥ß 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ©a

1⁄2ø2 1⁄2±21⁄2a·TMa ±o ·­  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ø­ a ̈aÆø2­é­Ê a®°ao· ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ­øTMa  ̈ ̧a ¥·TMa­ ±o 3a2 ø2o ©±3a2 © ̧±  ̧øTMa o± ́1 ̧ ̈ o±Æ ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ÆßÚ 

fl­  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ao ø ̈ ±Æø¥ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈Ù çÃ ̧a fl ·­ o·Æ3¥ß 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao  ̈±

a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ± ́Æ 2ø ̈·±2é­ TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈±°ÛØ ́ø¥· ̈ß  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚå —Æø¥ flÆ1Ú

fl ́o·± ø ̈ ÓÎÊÔÓÚ 

ˆ ˆ ˆ
ÈÓ

...a  ̧øTMa oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa ø  ̈±©aÆ·21 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 øTM±·o·21

oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ·­  ̧·1 ̧ 1·TMa2

 ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o ÆaTM·a© °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù  ̈ ̧a TMø¥ ́a ±o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­

©± ́¥o æa 1Æaø ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ ©a·1 ̧ ø1ø·2­ ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥

°Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ oa¥øß­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·2 TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ú

...a ÆaTMaÆ­a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ ¶ ́o13a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ ø2o Æa3ø2o o±Æ

o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­Ú —2 Æa3ø2oÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈  ̧aøÆ·21­ ·2 ±ÆoaÆ

 ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧ø ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©± ́¥o Æa3aoß  ̈ ̧a

a®·­ ̈·21 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧Æaa 1⁄2±Æa øÆaø­Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ

© ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê

 ̄Ô ̃ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ÿfl ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̧øTMa

 ̈ ̧a ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆ ø2o  ̈±

a®°¥ø·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 2aao o±Æ aøÆ¥·aÆ  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈  ̈± ø Ø ́ø¥·o·ao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥Â

 ̄Ó ̃ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈± æa ·2 2aao ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÂ ø2o 

 ̄Ì ̃ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧  ́Æ1a2 ̈ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ °Æ±æ¥a3­Ù °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß  ̈ ̧±­a ø ̈

·33·2a2 ̈ Æ·­μ ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÙ Æa1⁄2a·TMa ·33ao·ø ̈a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ 
ÈÌ

fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧Ù ø­ ©a  ̧øTMa 2± ̈ao aøÆ¥·aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3øß 2± ̈ ±ÆoaÆ  ̈ ̧a ÿfl  ̈±

·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ”a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·1⁄2 –¥ø2 ±Æ ·2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±o

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3±Æø2o ́3Ù · ̈ 3øß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ±Æ 3aø­ ́Æa­

3a2 ̈·±2ao ·2 æ± ̈ ̧  ̈± ø·o ·2 · ̈­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ø­  ̈± © ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ øÆa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ 

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 3øß ø¥­± oÆø©  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a o·2o·21­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ fl

—oo·1⁄2a ±o ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ Ÿa2aÆø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ aTM·oa21⁄2a ø¥Æaøoß ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo ±Æ

øoo ́1⁄2ao ø ̈ ø  ̧aøÆ·21 o±¥¥±©·21 Æa3ø2oÂ ©a Æa1⁄2±12·¶a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ 3øß  ̧øTMa

aTM±¥TMao ­·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ¥ø­ ̈  ̈±±μ aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ ø1±Ú 

...a ­ ̈·¥¥ Æa3ø·2  ̧±°ao ́¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ­±3a ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æ¥a3­ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a 1⁄2ø2 æa

Æa­±¥TMao æß  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ ©±Æμ·21  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧± ́¥o a21⁄2± ́Æø1a  ̈ ̧a3

 ̈± 3aa ̈ ø2o 1⁄2±2oaÆ  ̈± °Æ±°±­a ø Æa3ao·ø¥ °¥ø2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooÆa­­a­  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa

oa¥·TMaÆß °Æ±æ¥a3­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao øæ±TMaÙ  ̈± æa °Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ú × ̈ ·­

©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ±æ ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o ø

”ø1·­ ̈Æø ̈a ÷ ́o1a ±Æ ø°°±·2 ̈·21 ø Õ°a1⁄2·ø¥ ”ø­ ̈aÆ  ̈± ø·o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·2 ø2ß ©øß

oaa3ao 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ ×2  ̈ ̧a a2oÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°Æ±TMa ø °¥ø2 ø1Æaao

 ́°±2 æß  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ ±Æ a2 ̈aÆ ø2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ±ÆoaÆ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ÿfl  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa

 a ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÚ

×××
ÈÏ

...a 2a® ̈ øooÆa­­ a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21

 ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a fiflé­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ß­ ̈a3Ù °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­

ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

—2 ø°°aø¥Ù a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ oa2·ø¥ ±o Æa¥·ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a

1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa¥·ao ·­ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ao  ́2oaÆ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ø2o  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a

–Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÚ —21⁄2a ø1ø·2Ù ©a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ oa2·ø¥ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù æ ́ ̈ ÆaTMaÆ­a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21 ±2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú 

...a  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a ̈aÆø2­é­ a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈± ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ·­ ø °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± °ÆaTMa2 ̈  ́2o ́a oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

°Æ±°aÆ ̈ß 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a­ ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈a­ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú

flÚ fl–fl › ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ‹a¥øß­ ·2 ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ›¥ø·3 fl°°aø¥­

×2 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ·21 a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù

©a øÆaÙ ±21⁄2a ø1ø·2Ù æ± ́2o æß  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “±Æ ̈±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê 

çŸa2aÆø¥ oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2aÙ  ́2¥·μa  ̈ ̧a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø Æ ́¥·21 Ú Ú Ú ¥ø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·­· ̈a o±Æ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå “±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÚ a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl

1⁄2¥ø·3 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ

1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ °Æ±1⁄2aao æa1⁄2ø ́­a a ̈aÆø2­ o± 2± ̈
fia1⁄2ø ́­a a ̈aÆø2­ øÆa æøÆÆao oÆ±3 ­aaμ·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙ ÌÌ

©a 2aao 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎðÓ ±Æ y ÎÔÔ

ø¥­± æøÆ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú

ÈÎ

ø­­aÆ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl çoø·¥ao  ̈±  ̈øμa ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±

 ̈øμaÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÏÚ

Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ aÆÆao ·2 ­ ̈ø ̈·21Ê ç× ̈ ·­  ́21⁄2±2 ̈a­ ̈ao  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o

æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·­ ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±  ̈øμaÚå Ã ̧ø ̈

ø2ø¥ß­·­ oø·¥ao  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±Æ2aÆ­ ̈±2a ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú a ̈aÆø2­ øÆa

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21·21 °aÆTMø­·TMa oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øÆ3  ̈ ̧a·Æ

3a3æaÆ­Ù 2± ̈ oa¥øß­ ·2 o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈±

3øμaÚ fl­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao øæ±TMaÙ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± Æa3aoß ©·oa­°Æaøo oa¥øß­ ·­ 2± ̈ ø

o·­1⁄2Æa ̈aÙ çÆaØ ́·Æaoå ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ́2oaÆ y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃Ú —2  ̈ ̧·­ æø­·­ ø¥±2aÙ a ̈aÆø2­ øÆa æøÆÆao

oÆ±3 ­aaμ·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ oa°a2oa2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a flé­ ©ø·TMaÆ ±o ­±TMaÆa·12

·33 ́2· ̈ß  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ Õaa “±Æ ̈±2Ù ÎÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÍÌÛÍÎÚ ...a  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ o·­3·­­ø¥ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ±2  ̈ ̧a æø­·­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈

3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a fl–fl ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ ÆaTM·a©øæ·¥· ̈ßÚÌÌ

fiÚ ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a › ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ‹a¥øß­ ·2 ›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ›¥ø·3 

fl°°aø¥­

Ô
ÈÍ

⁄·Æ­ ̈ ©a 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ©a 3øß  ̧aøÆ a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú 

Ã ̧a fl øÆ1 ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± o± ­±Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl o·TMa­ ̈­ ø¥¥

oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ±o ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a© ø2ß Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­

æa2ao· ̈­Ú ...a Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈·±2Ú ×2 ± ́Æ TM·a©Ù  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl o±a­ 2± ̈ ­ ̈Æ·° o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ ±o ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̧aøÆ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3Û©·oa

1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ù o·TM±Æ1⁄2ao oÆ±3 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

Ã ̧a fl °±·2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈©± ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÷ŒflÙ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÎðÓ ø2o ÎÔÔÚ “a· ̈ ̧aÆ

ø°°¥·a­  ̧aÆaÚ

øÚ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎðÓÚ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎðÓ ­ ̈ø ̈a­Ù çfl2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈±

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ÅÎ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú yy ÎÎÓ ̄ø ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ù ÎÎÌ  ̄ ̈ ̧a fl–fl °Æ±TM·­·±2 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 Æ ́¥a3øμ·21 ̃Ã

ÆaoaÆ­ ·­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ÆaTM·a© Ú Ú Ú 3øß æa ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ ±2¥ß ·2  ̈ ̧a

À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Úå Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù 1·TMa2 y ÎðÓé­ 1Æø2 ̈ ±o a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥

›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù çø2ß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a æß Å a ̈aÆø2­Ã  ̈± fl Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ·­ 2± ̈ ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a ·2  ̈ ̧·­

›± ́Æ ̈Úå × ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2 Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­aÙ ·2 · ̈­ TM·a©Ù 1Æø2 ̈·21 a ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧a

Æa¥·ao  ̈ ̧aß ­aaμ ç©± ́¥o ·2TMøÆ·øæ¥ß ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a fl Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Úå ›±2­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ßÙ · ̈

 ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çø2ß ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a ±2¥ß ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈å  ́2oaÆ y

ÎðÓÚ
ÈÈ

fiß · ̈­ °¥ø·2  ̈a® ̈Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ y ÎðÓ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­ ±2¥ß ç¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©å ±o

çø1⁄2 ̈·±2Å­Ã ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßå ø­ oao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ ...a øÆa  ̈ ̧ ́­ °Æa­a2 ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧

“±Æ ̈±2é­ 1⁄2±3°¥a3a2 ̈Ê o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a Æaø­±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a øÆa

2± ̈ çø1⁄2 ̈·±2Å­Ã ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßå  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ÆaTM·a©øæ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÙ ­aa ­ ́°Æø ø ̈

ÏÁäÎÏÙ  ̈ ̧aß øÆa 2± ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß æa 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ±2¥ßÚ 

Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎðÓ ·­ 1⁄2¥aøÆ ·2 · ̈­ ° ́Æ°±­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·21 fl–flÛæø­ao 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fléÆ ́¥a­ ø2o Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø ­·21¥a oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù ·2 oaÆ±1ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a fl–flé­ 1a2aÆø¥

1Æø2 ̈ ±o ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ·2 ø¥¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ú Õ± ©a 1⁄2ø22± ̈ Æaøo · ̈­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Û­ ̈Æ·°°·21

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ø2ß 3±Æa æÆ±øo¥ß  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a 2øÆÆ±© 1⁄2¥ø­­ ±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß æa

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–fl øo ̈aÆ “±Æ ̈±2Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈± y ÎðÓé­ °¥ø·2  ̈a® ̈Ù ± ́Æ °Æa1⁄2aoa2 ̈ o·1⁄2 ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧·­ Æa­ ́¥ ̈Ú ×2

–Æa3·21aÆ TMÚ –Æ·21⁄2·°·Ù ÏÓÓ ⁄ÚÌo ËÔÎ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃Ù ©a  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ y ÎðÓ æøÆÆaTM·a© ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ±o ço·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± fl Æ ́¥a­ ø2o

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­å ±2¥ßÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ËÓÔ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú fl2o ·2 “a ̧3aÆ TMÚ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o

 a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù ÏÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ËÏÍ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÈ ̃Ù ©a oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ y ÎðÓ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­

±2¥ß ­ ́· ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ço·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±Æ  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ Æ ́¥a3øμ·21 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ßÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ËÎÈäËÎË  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a 2a· ̈ ̧aÆÙ æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± o·­1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a · ̈­ o ́ ̈ß  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2 ø
ÈË

­ ̧±Æ ̈ a2± ́1 ̧  ̈·3a  ̈± øTM±·o oa°Æ·TM·21  ̈ ̧a3 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ ©a o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çø2 ±ÆoaÆ a®°ao· ̈·21

1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ Ú Ú Ú ©± ́¥o o±Æ1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± ø¥ ̈aÆ ±Æ Æa°aø¥ ­±3a ±o Å· ̈­Ã

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ ©± ́¥o TM·±¥ø ̈a y ÎðÓÙ ©ø­ a2 ̈·Æa¥ß 3·­°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ fl­ ¶ ́­ ̈

a®°¥ø·2aoÙ y ÎðÓ ¥·3· ̈­ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù 2± ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a

 ̈ß°a ø­­aÆ ̈ao  ̧aÆaÚ a ̈aÆø2­é­ ±2¥ß ­ ́ÆTM·TM·21 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1øÆo  ̈± æa2ao· ̈­ ·­ ø

oø1⁄2·ø¥ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ù 2± ̈ · ̈­ 1⁄2±o·o·ao Æ ́¥a­Ù ­±

y ÎðÓ ·­ 2± ̈ ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈ao ø ̈ ø¥¥Ú Õaa “a ̧3aÆÙ ÏÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ËÎËäËÎÁ  ̄© ̧aÆa °¥ø·2 ̈·ooç1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÅoÃ  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl ·2 oø·¥·21  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±oå ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

±ÆoaÆÙ y ÎðÓ o·o 2± ̈ æøÆ ÆaTM·a© ç·ÆÆa­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±o  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈a21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a fl

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­å  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©aÆa øo±° ̈ao ·2 Æa­°±2­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±ÆoaÆÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©ø­ 2± ̈

ø çoø1⁄2·ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± fl Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­å ̃Ú ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a fl 3øß 1⁄2 ̧±±­a  ̈± 3±o·oß · ̈­

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø Æa3ao·ø¥ ±ÆoaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́ ̈ ́Æa Æa3aoß ©± ́¥o 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2TMaÆ ̈

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ ­ ́· ̈ ·2 ̈± ø2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

y ÎðÓÚ Ã ̧ ́­Ù y ÎðÓ o±a­ 2± ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈ ± ́Æ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ÆaTM·a© a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥

1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú

æÚ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ́2oaÆ­ ̈±±o y ÎÔÔ  ̈± °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa çÆaTM·a© ±o

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­Ùå æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ çoø1⁄2·ø¥ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fl
ÈÁ

æa2ao· ̈­ ­ß­ ̈a3Úå “±2a ̈ ̧a¥a­­Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ y ÎÔÔ æøÆÆao ÆaTM·a©Ù

æa1⁄2ø ́­a ç ̈ ̧a oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß ·­  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a 3øß oa°a2o ±2

 ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ùå © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ß 3øß 2± ̈ æa ÆaTM·a©ao ·2

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú 

Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ æ¥±1⁄2μ­ ÆaTM·a© ±o çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ã ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßå ø­  ̈± ø2ß

çØ ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø© ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ́2oaÆ ø ¥ø©

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú 

À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aé­ °¥ø·2  ̈a® ̈Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa  ̈ ̧Æaa °Æ±æ¥a3­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈éø2ø¥ß­·­Ú 

⁄·Æ­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ 2± ̈ ø çoa1⁄2·­·±2å ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21

±o y ÎÔÔÚ ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 çoa1⁄2·­·±2å ·­ 2± ̈ a®°Æa­­¥ß oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ©a

 ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o · ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a  ̈± 3aø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­

ä  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a ±o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥·¶ao oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ›±21Æa­­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈± μaa° ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ú Õaa ÿÚŒÚ Œa°Ú “±Ú ÔððÛÁÍÌÙ ÔÁËË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú›ÚflÚ“Ú ÎÈËÓÙ ÎËðÌäÎËðÏÚ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2

ÔÔÎÍÙ o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ o·­1⁄2 ́­­a­ çÆø ̈·21­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãå æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2a

 ̈ ̧a oa1Æaa ±o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o ø  ̈a3°±ÆøÆ·¥ß o·­øæ¥ao TMa ̈aÆø2Ú ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÔÔÎÍ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ̄fi ̃Ú Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÌÔðÈ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­ TM±1⁄2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ o±Æ

TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅ ̈Ã ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© Åø TMa ̈aÆø2é­Ã ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ Å±o

o·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·­ Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈·±2 °¥ø2Ã ø2o Æa2oaÆ ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧
Ëð

ÆaTM·a© Ú Ú Ú Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÌÔðÈ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ì ̃Ú ‘ø ̈aÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaoaÆ  ̈± y ÎÔÔ ­ ̧ao

o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o çoa1⁄2·­·±2­å ø­ ç·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Úå Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2

ÎÔðÏÙ o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ·­  ̈· ̈¥ao ç‹a1⁄2·­·±2­ ø2o 2± ̈·1⁄2a­ ±o oa1⁄2·­·±2­Ùå ø2o a®°¥ø·2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß 3 ́­ ̈ 1·TMa ø 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈ 2± ̈·1⁄2a ç±o ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ́2oaÆ

y ÎÔÔ ±o  ̈ ̧·­  ̈· ̈¥a øooa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ø 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÎÔðÏ ̄ø ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú fl2o y ÈÔðÏÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ± ́ ̈¥·2a­  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a

fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ù °Æ±TM·oa­Ù çfl¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ·2 ø 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ́2oaÆ

­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧·­  ̈· ̈¥a ·­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

±2a ÆaTM·a© ±2 ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚ ⁄·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø°°aø¥­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa

3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo Å±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­ÃÚå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÔðÏÚ a ̈aÆø2­ o± 2± ̈

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ø çoa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßå  ̧aÆaÚ ×2­ ̈aøoÙ  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2

oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa°Æ·TMa  ̈ ̧a3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ø·o  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

 ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÚ 

Õa1⁄2±2oÙ aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 çoa1⁄2·­·±2å o·o ø°°¥ßÙ y ÎÔÔ °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥

ÆaTM·a© ±2¥ß ±o çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãå ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚ fl­ ©· ̈ ̧ a ̈aÆø2­é­

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a oa¥·TMaÆß ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ

© ̧ø ̈aTMaÆ çØ ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø©å  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ́­  ̈± ø2­©aÆ øÆa 2± ̈

Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß ø2­©aÆaoÚ “±Æ  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a fl 3øoa ø o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 3a3æaÆ­é ø°°aø¥­Â  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥­ ¥ø21 ́·­ ̧  ́2oa1⁄2·oao ·­  ̈ ̧a TMaÆß
Ã ̧a flé­ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈  ̄Ÿ±TMé ̈ fiÆÚ ÏÔ 2ÚÔð ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± Ø ́a­ ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÌÏ

 fl ·­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß oa1⁄2·o·21 æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­å ·­  ̈ ̧ ́­ 3·­°¥ø1⁄2aoÂ y ÎÔÔ ·­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2ao ±2¥ß

©· ̈ ̧ a® ̈ø2 ̈Ù 2± ̈ °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥Ù oa1⁄2·­·±2­Ú

ËÔ

æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú ...a  ̈ ̧ ́­ ø1Æaa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ÌÏ

 ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2Ê çÕa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ o±a­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± aTMaÆß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈± ø2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß

 ̈ ̧a flÚ fl­ ©a  ̧øTMa  ̧a¥oÙ · ̈ ±2¥ß ø°°¥·a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧aÆa  ̧ø­ æaa2 ø èoa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a

Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚé ×2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧·­ ̈±Æß ±o  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a °¥ø·2¥ß

1⁄2±2 ̈a3°¥ø ̈a­ ø o±Æ3ø¥ èoa1⁄2·­·±2é æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ±Æ  ̧·­ oa¥a1ø ̈aÚå fiø ̈a­ TMÚ

“·1⁄2 ̧±¥­±2Ù ÌÁË ⁄ÚÌo ÔÌÎÎÙ ÔÌÍÎ  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃  ̄1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú a ̈aÆø2­ o±

2± ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a flé­ ·2· ̈·ø¥ Æø ̈·21­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­é 1⁄2ø­a­  ̧aÆaÙ ¶ ́­ ̈

 ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3ø ̈·1⁄2 oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈±  ̈·3a¥ß Æa2oaÆ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ±2 ø°°aø¥Ú

⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ  ́2¥·μa y ÎðÓÙ y ÎÔÔ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ø2ß

ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±TMaÆ ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ±o ¥a1ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± çoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãå

©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o y ÎÔÔ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß æaa2 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚ 

“± ̈ ̧·21 ·2 y ÎÔÔ °ÆaTMa2 ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o æa  ̄æ ́ ̈  ̧øTMa 2± ̈ ßa ̈ æaa2 ̃ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈ao

æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 ÆaTM·a©ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a

⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù oÆ±3 æa·21 Æø·­ao ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈a2 ̈ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2

·2­ ̈aøoÚ — ́Æ TM·a© ·2  ̈ ̧·­ Æa1øÆo ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ê 

Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1·TMa  ̈ ̧a fl a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́a

¥ø©­ øooa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­ ±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø¥¥

·­­ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3·1 ̧ ̈ ­±3a ̧±©  ̈± ́1⁄2 ̧  ́°±2 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ­±3a±2a Æa1⁄2a·TMa­
ËÓ

TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­Ú Œø ̈ ̧aÆÙ · ̈ ­·3°¥ß 1·TMa­  ̈ ̧a fl ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈±

1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ © ̧a2 3øμ·21 ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 øæ± ́ ̈ æa2ao· ̈­Ù

ø2o Ú Ú Ú °ÆaTMa2 ̈­ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ oÆ±3 çÆaTM·a©Å·21Ãå  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßéoa1⁄2·­·±2 ±21⁄2a 3øoaÚ

fiÆ± ́oß TMÚ ”ø ̈ ̧aÆÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ÔðÍÙ ÔÔÓ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓððÍ ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú Ã ̧ ́­ ·2

fiÆ± ́oßÙ  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ fl ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­  ̧øo ±æ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±

æa2ao· ̈­ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­ æß ©· ̈ ̧ ̧±¥o·21 ±Æ 1⁄2±TMaÆ·21  ́° Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©ø­ 2± ̈

æøÆÆao æß y ÎÔÔ æa1⁄2ø ́­a ç ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̧øÅoÃ 2aTMaÆ oa1⁄2·oao  ̈ ̧Å±Ã­a Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­Úå ×oÚ

ø ̈ ÔÔÏÚ 

Ã ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ø1Æaa­ ø­ ©a¥¥Ú ×2 ÿø2¥·2 TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÓÔÏ ⁄ÚÌo

ÔÌÔÁ  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ Óððð ̃Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ a®°¥ø·2aoÊ

...a o± 2± ̈ Æaøo Åy ÎÔÔÃ  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÙ ø2o ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a

Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÙ  ̈± 3øμa ø¥¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± ¥ø©­ øooa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2

±o æa2ao· ̈­Ú Œø ̈ ̧aÆÙ ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̧ø­ æaa2 ø­μao  ̈± 3øμa ø

oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 ø °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ 1⁄2ø­a  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a o·¥·21 ±o ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧

 ̈ ̧a fl ̃Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ ·3°±­a­ ø o ́ ̈ß ±2  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa

ø¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o oø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o ¥ø© 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÚå

×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÌÓÔÚ ›±2­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÙ ø2 ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß o±Æ ø TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈±

© ̧±3  ̈ ̧a fl ©ø­ ­ ́°°±­ao  ̈± ­a2o ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥·a2 ̈é­ æa2ao· ̈ ø©øÆo ø­ ø oaaÙ

©ø­ °aÆ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± ­ ́a  ̈ ̧a fl ·2  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›¥ø·3­Ù 2± ̈©· ̈ ̧­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧a

oø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧·­ ç1⁄2¥ø·3 øÆ·­a­  ́2oaÆ Å ̈ ̧a ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßé­ oaa­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ÌËÃÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­

èø ¥ø©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­é ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±oå y ÎÔÔÚ ×oÚ ø ̈

ÔÌÓÔÚ
ËÌ

...a Æa1⁄2±12·¶aÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao y ÎÔÔ 3±Æa

æÆ±øo¥ß  ̈ ̧ø2  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ø2o ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ú ×2 fiaø3±2 TMÚ fiÆ±©2Ù ÔÓÎ

⁄ÚÌo ÁÍÎ  ̄Í ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÈ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø ° ́ ̈ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

o± ́2o  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ æøÆÆao æß y ÎÔÔÙ Æaø­±2·21Ê

Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a Æø·­a­ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø© ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 3a ̈ ̧±o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ

æa2ao· ̈­Ú ‹a ̈aÆ3·2·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°aÆ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­

ø 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß °Æa1⁄2 ́Æ­±Æ  ̈± oa1⁄2·o·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú À2oaÆ

y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a fl Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa1⁄2·oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈ß°a ±o Ø ́a­ ̈·±2Ú

×oÚ ø ̈ ÁÈðÚ ...a oø·¥  ̈±  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ­Ø ́øÆao · ̈­ Æaø­±2·21 ©· ̈ ̧

 ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2  ̈a® ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øμa­ 2± 3a2 ̈·±2 ±o ç°Æa1⁄2 ́Æ­±Æ­å ±Æ

ç°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ùå æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß oa1⁄2·­·±2­Ú × ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·­ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 3±Æa ±oo ·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o

y ÎÔÔ ̄æ ̃Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a®1⁄2a° ̈­ oÆ±3 y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ Æ ́¥a­ ø2o

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú ¤TMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 çoa1⁄2·­·±2å o·o a21⁄2±3°ø­­  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßéçÅoÃa ̈aÆ3·2Åø ̈·±2Ã Å±oÃ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°aÆ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ùå  ̈ ̧ø ̈

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ©± ́¥o  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß æa 3øoa æß Æ ́¥a ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ a®a3° ̈ oÆ±3 y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃éæøÆ  ̈± ÆaTM·a©Ú 

“± ̈ ±2¥ß o± ©a o·2o 3±Æa °aÆ­ ́ø­·TMa  ̈ ̧a °±­· ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ø2o

⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈­Ù æ ́ ̈ ©a ©± ́¥o æa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 øo±° ̈·21  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈é­

TM·a© aTMa2 ·o ©a ©aÆa ·21⁄2¥·2ao  ̈± o± ­± æa1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÚ 
Ã ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­ øÆaÙ ±o 1⁄2± ́Æ­aÙ ­a°øÆø ̈a a2 ̈· ̈·a­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a·Æ ÌÎ

3a3æaÆ­Ú ...a oø·¥  ̈±  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø2 ­ ́11a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a

·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 1⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a °aÆ­±2­ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2 2ø3a­Ù ø¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ æ±ÆÆ±©·21

 ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­é ­ ̈ø2o·21Ù øÆa 2± o·ooaÆa2 ̈ oÆ±3 ø 1Æ± ́° ±o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ËÏ

Ã ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ Æa¥·ao  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·2 · ̈­ ø2ø¥ß­·­ ±2  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ±o

ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a o±Æ ́3 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ú fiaø3±2Ù

ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÔäÁÈÏÚ fi ́ ̈Ù ø­  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æa1⁄2±12·¶aoÙ  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈

©± ́¥o ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ Æø·­ao æß  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧aÆaÙ aTMa2 ·o

 ̈ ̧aß ©aÆa Æø·­ao æß a ̈aÆø2­é 3a3æaÆ­ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ßÚ Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧øø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅ2Ã±© ̧aÆa  ̧ø­ ›±21Æa­­ 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧·­ ›± ́Æ ̈ a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß

±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­ ́°aÆTM·­a ±Æ ±TMaÆ­aa  ̈ ̧a ±21±·21 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ·2 ø fi fl oa1⁄2·­·±2Úå ›¥aøÆ¥ß TMÚ fiÆ±©2Ù Ë a ̈Ú fl°°Ú ÌðÎÙ ÌðË  ̄ÔÁÁÎ ̃

 ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Â ­aa ø¥­± ‹ø1⁄2±Æø2 TMÚ fiÆ±©2Ù Ï a ̈Ú fl°°Ú ÔÔÎ  ̄ÔÁÁÌ ̃  ̄2± ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­ 1⁄2± ́¥o æa ç°Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±2¥ß ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o ø

°Æ±°aÆ ø2o  ̈·3a¥ß ø°°aø¥  ̈øμa2 oÆ±3 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ oa1⁄2·­·±2 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a fl Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a fi flå ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú 

”±Æa±TMaÆÙ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ °Æa­a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

 a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ù © ̧±­a ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± ø°°aø¥­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fi flÚ ×o ©a ©aÆa

 ̈± øo±° ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈é­ æÆ±øo Æaøo·21 ±o y ÎÔÔÙ  ̈ ̧a2  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­

©± ́¥o æa oa°Æ·TMao ±o ø2ß o±Æ ́3 ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈± Æø·­a  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú fl­  ̈ ̧a fiaø3±2 ÌÎ
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÌÎ

¥· ̈·1ø ̈·21 ø­ ø °¥ø·2 ̈·oo 1⁄2¥ø­­Ú Õaa ‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔÓäÔÌÚ ×2oaaoÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a

›± ́Æ ̈ ßaøÆ­ ø1± Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅæÃ± ̈ ̧ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2ø¥ ­ ̈ø2o·21 ø2o Å1⁄2¥ø­­

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ã øÆa èoa­·12ao  ̈± ­aÆTMa °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ° ́Æ°±­aÚéå À2· ̈ao fl ́ ̈±Ú ...±ÆμaÆ­

TMÚ fiÆ±1⁄2μÙ ÏÈÈ ÀÚÕÚ ÓÈÏÙ ÓËË  ̄ÔÁËÍ ̃Ú Ã ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ a®°¥ø·2aoÙ

... ̧·¥a ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø2 øo  ̧±1⁄2  ́2·±2 ±o ·2¶ ́Æao °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ © ̧±

3øß æa ¥·2μao ±2¥ß æß  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±33±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ø2 ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2 ­ ́·21  ̈±

TM·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ ±o · ̈­ 3a3æaÆ­ 1⁄2ø2 oÆø©  ́°±2 ø °ÆaÛa®·­ ̈·21

Æa­aÆTM±·Æ ±o a®°aÆ ̈·­a ø2o 1⁄2ø°· ̈ø¥Ú fia­·oa­ o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­ ±o ̈a2  ̧øTMa ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·¶ao a®°aÆ ̈·­a ø2o Æa­aøÆ1⁄2 ̧ Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2aÆa¥ø ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥ø©­ ́· ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­

¥ø1⁄2μÚ Ã ̧a­a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ 1⁄2ø2 ø­­·­ ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ ø2o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ú fl­ ±2a

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±æ­aÆTMao ±o ø2 ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2é­ Æ±¥a ·2 °a2o·21 ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2Ê çÅÃÃ ̧a

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø2o a®°aÆ ̈·­a ±o  ̈ ̧·­ °¥ø·2 ̈·ooÙ © ̧a2 a®aÆ ̈ao ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o · ̈­

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß øooa1⁄2 ̈ao 3a3æaÆ­Ù ø­­ ́Æa è ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2Æa ̈a øoTMaÆ­a2a­­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

­ ̧øÆ°a2­  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ·­­ ́a­  ́°±2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­± ¥øÆ1a¥ß

oa°a2o­ o±Æ ·¥¥ ́3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ Ú Ú Ú Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­Úé å

×oÚ ø ̈ ÓËÁ  ̄o·Æ­ ̈ ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ø2o 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú Ã ̧ø ̈ ·­Ù ø2

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2 ·­ 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ø 3aÆa ç ̈±±¥Ù ¥·μa 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù o±Æ TM·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3a3æaÆ­é ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­Úå ‹·­­a2 ̈·21 ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔÌÚ

ËÎ

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ · ̈­a¥o 2± ̈aoÙ  ̈ ̧a °±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ±o ·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æaoa1⁄2a­­±Æ  ̈± y ÎÔÔ çø­ ø

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a æøÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o ø¥¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ oa1⁄2·­·±2­å  ̧ø­ ¥ao  ̈ ̧a

Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 o·o 2± ̈ °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ oÆ±3

 ̧aøÆ·21 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­ Æa¥ø ̈·21  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­Ù o±Æ oaøÆ ç±o  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ oø21aÆ ±o °Æa1⁄2¥ ́o·21 ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈
fl Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø­a æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ­·3·¥øÆ  ̈± ÌÍ

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̧aÆa ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ß­ ̈a3Ú Õaa ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­

±o fl3Ú TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ÍÎÏ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓðÔð ̃Ú Ã ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­a ©ø­ oa1⁄2·oao ­±¥a¥ß ±2

­ ̈ø2o·21 1Æ± ́2o­Ù ø­ 2± ̈ao ­ ́°Æø ø ̈ ÌÏ 2ÚÔÍÚ Õaa ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­Ù ÎÎÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈

ÍÍÔäÍÍÓÚ ×2  ̈ ̧a ­·® °ø1a­ ±o o·1⁄2 ̈ø  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æa1⁄2aoao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧±¥o·21Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao fiaø3±2 oøTM±Æøæ¥ß æao±Æa ­ ̈ø ̈·21Ù çÅ±Ã ́Æ o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ·­­ ́a ·­

 ̈a2 ̈ø ̈·TMaÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÁäÍÍÔÚ ...a 1·TMa 2± ©a·1 ̧ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa o·1⁄2 ̈ ́3 ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ú ×2 ø2ß aTMa2 ̈Ù ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao fiaø3±2 2± ̈ o±Æ · ̈­  ̧±¥o·21 ø­

 ̈± y ÎÔÔÙ æ ́ ̈ Æø ̈ ̧aÆ o±Æ · ̈­ o·2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a øoaØ ́ø ̈a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa Æa3aoß ·2  ̈ ̧a

 a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ æøÆÆao ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é fl–flÛæø­ao 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a

fl–fl y ÈðÏ °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a© ·o ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a Æa3aoß a®·­ ̈­ a¥­a© ̧aÆaÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÁ

 ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 fiaø3±2Ù ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÍÈäÁÈð ̃Ú ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ©a2 ̈ ±2  ̈± 3 ́­aÙ ç©a

 ̈ ̧·2μ · ̈ TM·Æ ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ·2aTM· ̈øæ¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ©± ́¥o æa  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Å a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ã  ̧øa®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̧aøÆ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­å  ̈±±Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©aÆa

ça­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß ·oa2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥å  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é ç ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a oa¥øß 1⁄2¥ø·3å  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl–flÚ 

×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÍð  ̇ 2ÚÈÚ ...a øÆa ø©øÆa ±o 2± °Æ·21⁄2·°¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ±2 ø ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2ø ́­a

±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 3øß æa  ̈Æø2­oaÆÆao © ̧±¥a­ø¥a  ̈± ø 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ­·3°¥ß æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈

øÆ·­a­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a  ́2oaÆ¥ß·21 aTMa2 ̈­Ú

ËÍ

ÁÈÔäÁÈÓ  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 ÷± ̧2­±2 TMÚ Œ±æ·­±2Ù ÏÔÎ ÀÚÕÚ ÌÍÔ  ̄ÔÁÈÏ ̃ ̃Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ø3a Æaø­±2Ù

©a 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́a y ÎÔÔ ­± æÆ±øo¥ß  ̧aÆa 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÚÌÍ

Ã ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl ©ø­  ̈± μaa°  ̈ ̧± ́­ø2o­ ±o ­ ́· ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 1⁄2Æ±©o·21  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2μa ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ù

±2  ̈±° ±o  ̈ ̧a ­±1⁄2·ø¥ ­a1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2ø­a­ ø2o ·33·1Æø ̈·±2 °a ̈· ̈·±2­ o±Æ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥Æaøoß

μaa°  ̈ ̧a3 æ ́­ß ÆaTM·a©·21 ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a fl ø2o  ̈ ̧a o·­­a2 ̈

­ ̈Æ ́11¥a 3·1 ̧ ̈·¥ß  ̈± ·12±Æa  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ́· ̈Ù · ̈ ·­ °¥ø·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æø¥

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̈±  ̧aøÆ
ËÈ

ø2oÙ o ́a ·2 °øÆ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßé­ °Æ±¥±21ao ·2oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2 ø°°aø¥­Ù ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ­©aa° ±o y ÎÔÔÚ

Ó

Ã ́Æ2·21Ù ø ̈ ¥ø­ ̈Ù  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3aÆ· ̈­ ±o a ̈aÆø2­é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ©a  ̧±¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æ·1 ̧ ̈¥ß ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç3ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa ø °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao

°Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Å ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÃ ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ o±Æ ø2o Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ ±o

Õ›‹‹› æa2ao· ̈­Úå fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo › ́­ ̧3ø2 TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÎÈÍ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÓÁðÙ ÔÓÁË  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ

ÓððÁ ̃  ̄ ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa ø °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a

⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æ·¥ß 3ø2oø ̈ao ø2o 2±2o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2øÆß ·2

2ø ̈ ́Æa ̃Ú

›±2oÆ±2 ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øÆμ ø2o ­±æaÆ·21 aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o ·2a®°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a oa¥øß­ ·2

 ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©aÆa TM·±¥ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æaoa­·12ao  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a oa¥øß­ ·2 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø°°aø¥­Ù ç·2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o 3ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2Æaø ̈·21

 ̈ ̧a­a oa¥øß­Úå Ã± Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æa¥·ao °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß ±2  ̈ ̧a

ÕaTMa2 ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈é­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈ TMÚ ›ø¥·oø2±Ù ÎËÈ ⁄ÚÓo ÌÏÎ  ̄È ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈË ̃Ù

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÔËðÛoøß oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ­±1⁄2·ø¥ ­a1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ o·o

2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ø o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2  ́2oaÆ ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ TMÚ ¤¥oÆ·o1aÙ 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a Õ±1⁄2·ø¥
ËË

Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2é­ ç­aTMaÆa Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÎÏäÌÎÍÚ Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

o± ́2o ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈é­ çÆaø­±2·21 ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÚå 

×2 ­± Æ ́¥·21Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oø·¥ao  ̈± °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ø2ø¥ß¶a a ̈aÆø2­éo ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 æß 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈·21 ø ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ ø2ø¥ß­·­ ±o · ̈­ ±©2 æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­

±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÚ çèÅ‹Ã ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ùé  ́2¥·μa ­±3a ¥a1ø¥ Æ ́¥a­Ù ·­ 2± ̈ ø  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥

1⁄2±21⁄2a° ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·®ao 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈  ́2Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈·3aÙ °¥ø1⁄2a ø2o 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3­ ̈ø21⁄2a­Úå 

›øoa ̈aÆ·ø  ̇ Œa­ ̈ø ́Æø2 ̈ ...±ÆμaÆ­ TMÚ ”1⁄2¤¥Æ±ßÙ ÌÍÈ ÀÚÕÚ ËËÍÙ ËÁÎ  ̄ÔÁÍÔ ̃Ú ×2­ ̈aøoÙ

ço ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ o¥a®·æ¥a ø2o 1⁄2ø¥¥­ o±Æ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø­  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ

­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2 oa3ø2o­Úå ”±ÆÆ·­­aß TMÚ fiÆa©aÆÙ ÏðË ÀÚÕÚ ÏÈÔÙ ÏËÔ  ̄ÔÁÈÓ ̃Ú ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈ · ̈­a¥o

ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa 1⁄2± ́¥o 1⁄2±3a ø  ̈·3a ç© ̧a2 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ 2± ¥±21aÆ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ æa1⁄2ø ́­a °ø­ ̈ o ́aåÂ · ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù ±2  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈·3a  ̧øo

2± ̈ ßa ̈ æaa2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧aoÚ ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈Ù ÎËÈ ⁄ÚÓo ø ̈ ÌÎÏÚ Õ± ©a 3 ́­ ̈  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ø¥ß­·­

 ̈± ­aa ·o °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ ç°ø­ ̈ o ́aå  ̧aÆa æß ça®ø3·2Å·21Ã  ̈ ̧a ·3°±Æ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧øÆ3  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±1⁄21⁄2ø­·±2ao æß oa¥øßÂ  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́­ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±ooaÆao

æß  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ o±Æ oa¥øß ø2o · ̈­ Æa¥ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ́2oaÆ¥ß·21 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Â ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥·μa¥· ̧±±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆ·3 oa1⁄2·­·±2 3øß  ̧øTMa æaa2 3·­ ̈øμa2Úå 

⁄‹×› TMÚ ”ø¥¥a2Ù ÏËÍ ÀÚÕÚ ÓÌðÙ ÓÏÓ  ̄ÔÁËË ̃Ú

⁄·Æ­ ̈Ù ©a o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­é °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧

ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2± ́¥o 2± ̈ æa 3±Æa TM· ̈ø¥ ä 3ø2ß Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧
ËÁ

æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa  ̈± ̈ø¥¥ß ±Æ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß oa°a2oa2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ

o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­Ú fl TMa ̈aÆø2 Æa1⁄2a·TMa­ 2± 3±2·aoÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fl  ́2 ̈·¥  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̧ø­ æaa2 ø°°Æ±TMaoÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥

°aÆ·±o ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø­­a­­3a2 ̈ ø2o o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °a2oa21⁄2ß ±o ø2ß ø°°aø¥  ̧a ø2o  ̧·­

oø3·¥ß ­ ́ooaÆ  ̈Æa3a2o± ́­ °Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ú Ã± ° ́Æ­ ́a ø 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ

3øß  ̈øμa ·2 a®1⁄2a­­ ±o ÏÚÏ ßaøÆ­Ù aTMa2 a®1⁄2¥ ́o·21 ç ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a æa ̈©aa2 ø2 Ú Ú Ú ·2· ̈·ø¥

oa1⁄2·­·±2 Åø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ¥aTMa¥Ã ø2o ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ “—‹ o·¥·21Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß æa

ø­ ¥±21 ø­ ±2a ßaøÆå ̃Ú ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °a2oa21⁄2ß ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø°°aø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo æao±Æa  ́­

­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­ °aÆ·­ ̧Ù øo ̈aÆ ¥·TM·21 ·2 ©ø2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­

3a3±Æø2o ́3 ±o oa1⁄2·­·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈a­Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅæÃa ̈©aa2 —1⁄2 ̈±æaÆ ÔÙ ÓððÈÙ ø2o

”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÌÔÙ ÓððËÙ ø¥±2aÙ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÔÙÏÍÈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ o·ao o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °a2oa21⁄2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ

ø°°aø¥­Ùå  ̈ ̧ ́­ a® ̈·21 ́·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥­Ú Ã ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧ ́­ ­ ̈Æ±21 ä ø­

·­Ù ·2oaaoÙ  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ù 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­Ú

Õa1⁄2±2oÙ  ̈ ̧a fl ø ̈ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a­  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø°°aø¥­Ù ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù  ̈± · ̈­ °¥ø1⁄2·21

ø °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß ±2 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ...a oø·¥  ̈±  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2oÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ © ̧ß

°Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a®°a2­a ±o  ̈·3a¥ß ø°°aø¥­

°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21Ú ” ́1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß ø°°aøÆ­  ̈± øÆ·­a oÆ±3 1Æ±­­ ·2aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ßÙ 2± ̈

Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­Ú ...a øÆa °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß o± ́æ ̈o ́¥Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o ¶ ́­ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ÎÈÌÛoøß øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß o±Æ ø Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆ
Õaa ø¥­± ÃÆø2­1⁄2Æ·° ̈ ±o —Æø¥ flÆ1ÚÙ fl­ ̈Æ ́a TMÚ Œø ̈¥·ooÙ “±Ú ðËÛÔÌÓÓ  ̄ÀÚÕÚ ⁄aæÚ ÌÈ

ÓÓÙ ÓðÔð ̃Ê

Åfl­­·­ ̈ø2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ±¥·1⁄2· ̈±Æ Ÿa2aÆø¥ fl2 ̈ ̧±2ßÃ «fl“ŸÊ ÅÃ ̧a

ÆaTMaÆ­ø¥ Æø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a fl 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ·­Ã ·2  ̈ ̧a ±ÆoaÆ ±o a· ̈ ̧aÆ Îð ±Æ 3øßæa ­¥·1 ̧ ̈¥ß

3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈Ú × ̈ 3·1 ̧ ̈ æa ÍðÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ·­ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ß± ́ 1a ̈

ø ÆaTMaÆ­ø¥ Ú Ú Ú Ú

›ÿ×¤⁄ ÷ÀÕÃ×›¤ Œ—fi¤ŒÃÕÊ ...a¥¥Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈é­ Æaø¥¥ß ­ ̈øÆ ̈¥·21Ù

·­2é ̈ · ̈· ×2 ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ 3±Æa ±o ̈a2  ̈ ̧ø2 2± ̈  ̈øμaø °±­· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß  ́2¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao· 

”ŒÚ «fl“ŸÊ × ̈ ·­ ø2  ́2o±Æ ̈ ́2ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆÙ «± ́Æ ÿ±2±ÆÚ fl2o · ̈ ·­

ä · ̈é­ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÚ 

Áð

 ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi fl øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ o±Æ3 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈·21 ø2

ø°°aø¥ ä ø ­ ̈a°  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o  ̈± æa ø 3·2·­ ̈aÆ·ø¥  ̈ø­μÚ ...a øÆa ø­ 1⁄2±2o± ́2oao

ø­  ̈ ̧a › ̧ø·Æ3ø2 ±o  ̈ ̧a fi flÙ © ̧± ø ̈  ̈Æ·ø¥ ç©ø­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°¥ø·2å  ̈ ̧a ±TMaÆø¥¥

ç¥a21 ̈ ̧ß oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø°°aø¥­Úå ×o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ øÆa ø2 ·­­ ́aÙ

 ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ø­­aÆ ̈ao ø­ 3 ́1⁄2 ̧Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo o±a­ 2± ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ̈øoo·21 ±Æ

o ́2o·21 ­ ̧±Æ ̈ø1a­ øÆa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Ã±  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fifl ·­ Æø°·o¥ß ·21⁄2Æaø­·21 · ̈­ ­ ̈øooÚ 

⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ ©a 3·1 ̧ ̈ o·2o  ̈ ̧a flé­ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈ 3±Æa 1⁄2±3°a¥¥·21 ·o · ̈ ©aÆa 2± ̈

1⁄2¥aøÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ ±TMaÆ ø°°aø¥­  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ©±ÆμaoÙ 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a

 ̧·1 ̧ ÆaTMaÆ­ø¥ Æø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧±­a oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ú —2¥ß o±Æ ̈ß °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ·2· ̈·ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­

ø°°aø¥ao øÆa øoo·Æ3aoÚ fia ̈©aa2 ÔÁ ø2o ÏÏ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o Æa3ø2o­ æß  ̈ ̧a fi flÙ © ̧a2 ÌÈ

ø°°a¥¥ø ̈a oa1⁄2·­·±2­ øÆa aTMa2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß Æaø1⁄2 ̧aoÙ øÆa çøTM±·oøæ¥aÙå 3aø2·21 çø2 aÆÆ±Æ
ÁÔ

Å©ø­Ã 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a ŒÅa1·±2ø¥Ã —Åoo·1⁄2aÃ æao±Æa · ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·aÅoÃ  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

fiÅ±øÆoÃÚå × ̈ ·­  ́2¥·μa¥ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2· ̈·ø¥ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 1⁄2ø2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ °aÆoa1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø1⁄2ß

aTMa2 ·o °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß ·­ 1·TMa2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a3Ú À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3­ ̈ø21⁄2a­Ù ©a o± 2± ̈ o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a flé­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ± ́ ̈©a·1 ̧­ TMa ̈aÆø2­é ·2 a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧±­a ·2· ̈·ø¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·21⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ 1a ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ao Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ßÙ aTMa2 ·o  ̈ ̧a fl o·o ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß  ̧øTMa  ̈± 3øμa

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø  ̈ÆøoaÛ±ooÚ Ÿ·TMa2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Íð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø¥¥ ø°°aø¥­ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 1Æø2 ̈­ ±Æ Æa3ø2o­Ù

 ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o °Æ±¥±21ao aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a­a oa¥øß­ ·­  ̧·1 ̧Ú ...a

 ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈±

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú

...a o·2o ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ o±Æ ± ́Æ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2·21 ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ oø1⁄2·21

­·3·¥øÆ æø¥ø21⁄2·21 oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ú Õ±3a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ù ¥·μa  ̈ ̧a ÕaTMa2 ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ·2 ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈Ù

 ̧øTMa o± ́2o 2± o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 © ̧a2 oø1⁄2ao ©· ̈ ̧ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß ­ ̧±Æ ̈ oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­Ú ×2 fiøÆÆa ̈ ̈ TMÚ Œ±æaÆ ̈­Ù

ÎÎÔ ⁄ÚÓo ÍÍÓ  ̄Î ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈÈ ̃Ù o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ËÛ  ̈± ÓðÛoøß

oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o ø ­·21¥a 3±2 ̈ ̧é­ ©a¥oøÆa 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ o·o 2± ̈ oa2ß o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù

æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧±­a oa¥øß­ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́ÆÆao o ́Æ·21 ø ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ ÆaTM·a© o±Æ °Æ±1Æø3 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ßÙ

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 °ÆaTMa2 ̈·21  ́2oa­aÆTM·21

Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ oÆ±3 1⁄2¥ø·3·21 a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈­Ú ×2 ‘· ̈ ̈¥ao·a¥o TMÚ ÿa1⁄2μ¥aÆÙ ËÓÏ ⁄ÚÓo ÓÏÓ  ̄Ìo

›·ÆÚ ÔÁËÈ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a Ã ̧·Æo ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø 2·2aÛ3±2 ̈ ̧ oa¥øß æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a
ÁÓ

·­­ ́ø21⁄2a ±o ø2 fl‘÷é­ çÆa1⁄2±33a2oao oa1⁄2·­·±2å ·2 ø ­±1⁄2·ø¥ ­a1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2ø­a

ø2o ø o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õ±1⁄2·ø¥ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2é­ fl°°aø¥­ ›± ́21⁄2·¥ ©ø­

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥Ù 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a TM±¥ ́3a ±o 1⁄2ø­a­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fl°°aø¥­ ›± ́21⁄2·¥Ú ×oÚ ø ̈

ÓÏÍäÓÏÈÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2±2o ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ÔÁÛ3±2 ̈ ̧ oa¥øß ·2 ”ao·1⁄2øÆa

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ±o  ́2oaÆ  ̧ÎððÙ 1⁄2ø ́­ao æß  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3 o·­° ́ ̈a­ æa  ̧aøÆo æß ø °Æ·TMø ̈a  ̧aøÆ·21 ±oo·1⁄2aÆ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± æa·21 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈ao

æß ø2 fl‘÷Ù ©ø­ ¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̄Ô ̃  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ©ø­ ¥±© © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈

±o æa2ao· ̈­ ©ø­ ­3ø¥¥ ø2o 2± ̈ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ 2aaoÙ  ̄Ó ̃  ̈ ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2

øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a oa¥øßÙ ø2o  ̄Ì ̃  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­

­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 Æa­±¥TM·21 3±Æa 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÚ 

×­øø1⁄2­ TMÚ fi±©a2Ù ËÍÎ ⁄ÚÓo ÏÍË  ̄Óo ›·ÆÚ ÔÁËÁ ̃Ú

fiß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a Ã ̧·Æo ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛßaøÆ ø2o 2·2aÛ3±2 ̈ ̧

oa¥øß ·2 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·21 ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ø o·­øæ¥ao 1⁄2 ̧·¥oé­ ø22 ́· ̈ß  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a Œø·¥Æ±øo

Œa ̈·Æa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈ao o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ’a¥¥ß TMÚ ŒÚŒÚ Œa ̈·Æa3a2 ̈ fioÚÙ ÍÓÎ ⁄ÚÓo ÏËÍ

 ̄Ìo ›·ÆÚ ÔÁËð ̃Ú Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ­ ́­ ̈ø·2  ̧aÆ © ̧·¥a ­ ̧a

o± ́1 ̧ ̈ ­aTMaÆa oa°Æa­­·±2Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o · ̈ ç© ̧±¥¥ß ·2a®1⁄2 ́­øæ¥aå  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ÆaTM·a© °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±o ø ­·21¥a o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 a® ̈a2oao  ̈± 2aøÆ¥ß

o± ́Æ ßaøÆ­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÏÁðÚ × ̈ Æaø­±2aoÙ çfl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± 3ø1·1⁄2 ¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o  ̈·3a

øo ̈aÆ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa TM·±¥ø ̈aoÙ ©a øÆa 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­Ù
ÁÌ

2·2a 3±2 ̈ ̧­Ù ·­ ©a¥¥ °ø­ ̈ ø2ß Æaø­±2øæ¥a  ̈·3a ¥·3· ̈Ù © ̧a2 2± TMø¥·o Æaø­±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a

oa¥øß ·­ 1·TMa2Úå ×oÚ Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoé­ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß ©ø­

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 1ø ̈ ̧aÆ aTM·oa21⁄2aÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2± oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·­­ ́ao  ́2 ̈·¥ 3±Æa

 ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a ßaøÆ øo ̈aÆ ø¥¥ aTM·oa21⁄2a ©ø­ 1ø ̈ ̧aÆaoÚ ”±Æa±TMaÆÙ · ̈ o± ́2o ç ̈ ̧a æø1⁄2μ¥±1 ±o

1⁄2ø­a­ ø2o ¥·3· ̈ao Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoå  ̈± æa 2± a®1⁄2 ́­aÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a çÅ©Ã ̧ø ̈aTMaÆ · ̈­

·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ °Æ±æ¥a3­Ù  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a °±©aÆ  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o

ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTM·a© °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ⁄± ́Æ ßaøÆ­ ·­  ̈± ̈ø¥¥ß ± ́ ̈ ±o ° ̧ø­a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o oø·Æ2a­­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÏÁÔÚ

fl2o ·2 ’Æøaæa¥ TMÚ “a© «±Æμ ›· ̈ß ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÿ± ́­·21 –Æa­aÆTMø ̈·±2  ̇

‹aTMa¥±°3a2 ̈Ù ÁÎÁ ⁄ÚÓo ÌÁÎ  ̄Óo ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÓ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2±2o ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ o± ́2o ø ¥·μa¥ß o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2· ̈ß oa¥øßao 1Æø2 ̈·21 °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß  ̈ø® æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ø ¥ø2o¥±Æo

© ̧± ©ø­ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈ø® æa2ao· ̈­ øo ̈aÆ Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈·21  ̧aÆ æ ́·¥o·21­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø

1⁄2· ̈ß °Æ±1Æø3Ú × ̈  ̈±±μ ±2a ø2o  ̧ø¥o ßaøÆ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2· ̈ß  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥ø2o¥±Æo

©ø­ ·2 oø1⁄2 ̈ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈Ú fi ́ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æaø­±2aoÙ çaTMa2 æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a

3øμa­ ø oao·2· ̈·TMa oa1⁄2·­·±2 ø­  ̈± a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a Æ±øo  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈

æa °øTMao æß o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÏðÎÚ Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Æa3ø2oao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈±

1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß ©ø­ ¶ ́­ ̈·o·aoÙ ©a·1 ̧·21  ̈ ̧a

¥ø2o¥±Æoé­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 °Æ±3° ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̧aÆ TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ·2 ø ­±1⁄2·ø¥¥ß
ÁÏ

æa2ao·1⁄2·ø¥ °Æ±1Æø3 ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ß oø1⁄2ao æß  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2· ̈ß ·2 3øμ·21 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÏðÍÚ

...a øÆa 1⁄2±2o·oa2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø­a o· ̈­ 1⁄2±3o±Æ ̈øæ¥ß ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø ̈ ̈aÆ

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±o 1⁄2ø­a­ Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3aÆÚ Ã ̧·­ ·­ 2± ̈ ø 1⁄2ø­a ·2TM±¥TM·21 ­ ̧±Æ ̈ æ ́ ̈

¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao oa¥øß­ ±o 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­Ù 1⁄2oÚ fiøÆÆa ̈ ̈Ù 3±oaÆø ̈a oa¥øß­ ±o ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈

æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2ø ́­ao æß ø ­ß­ ̈a3 ±TMaÆ¥±øoÙ 1⁄2oÚ ‘· ̈ ̈¥ao·a¥oÙ ±Æ ¥±21 oa¥øß­ ±o 3·2±Æ

æa2ao· ̈­ o ́a  ̈± 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ßÙ 1⁄2oÚ ×­øø1⁄2­Ú ×2­ ̈aøoÙ ¥·μa ’a¥¥ßÙ

 ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a ·2TM±¥TMa­ 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ­ ́­ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧±­a ·21⁄2ø°ø1⁄2· ̈ø ̈ao æß 3a2 ̈ø¥

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ oa¥øßao o±Æ ø2 a®1⁄2a­­·TMa °aÆ·±o ±o  ̈·3a ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß a®°¥ø2ø ̈·±2Ú

fl1ø·2Ù ©a Æa3ø2o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈

1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ aTM·oa2 ̈·øÆß  ̧aøÆ·21­ ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©± ́¥o Æa3aoß

 ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a fifl 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Ã ̧a

 ̧aøÆ·21­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°¥±Æa © ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 3±­ ̈ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ̈± °aÆ3· ̈

 ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± æa a®°ao· ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ 3ø22aÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧ ø

°øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ a3° ̧ø­·­ ±2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21

 ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆo­ ̧·° o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3øß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ ­a ̈ ̈·21 3ø®·3 ́3  ̈·3a °aÆ·±o­ o±Æ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­

ø ̈ TMøÆ·± ́­ ­ ̈ø1a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø2oÒ±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ ø °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa

 ̈± a®°ao· ̈a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ © ̧aÆa a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ øÆa ­ ̧±©2  ̈± a®·­ ̈Ú fl­ ­ ̈ø ̈ao
flo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o·¥a­ ø “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ‹·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧aÆaæß ø°°aø¥·21 oÆ±3 ÌË

 ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥Ù  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ·­ a®a3° ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·±2 ±2 Æa ̈ø·2·21 °ø·o 1⁄2± ́2­a¥Ú 

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́aoÚÚÚ ̃

ÁÎ

øæ±TMaÙ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3øß ­aaμ  ̈ ̧a ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o ø ”ø1·­ ̈Æø ̈a ÷ ́o1a ±Æ Õ°a1⁄2·ø¥

”ø­ ̈aÆ ·2 1⁄2Æaø ̈·21 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ø Æa3ao·ø¥ °¥ø2Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧± ́¥o o·Æ­ ̈

a21⁄2± ́Æø1a  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­  ̈± 3aa ̈ ø2o 1⁄2±2oaÆ  ̈± °Æ±°±­a ø Æa3ao·ø¥ °¥ø2Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a a2oÙ

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°Æ±TMa ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ Æaø1⁄2 ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ ±Æ a2 ̈aÆ

ø2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ±ÆoaÆ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a fifl  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa a ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥

­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÚ

× 

 a ̈aÆø2­ ø¥­± ø­­aÆ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ © ̧a2

TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß o·¥a  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

æa2ao· ̈­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ fifl Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̄çŒ—å ̃Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ o·¥a ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3 o±Æ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a·Æ Œ—Ú a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl TM·±¥ø ̈a­ TMa ̈aÆø2­é o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ æß oø·¥·21  ̈± øoo±Æo øoaØ ́ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­

o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ­ ́æ3·­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± ø °ÆaÛoa1⁄2·­·±2ø¥  ̧aøÆ·21 ø2o o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß

ø2o TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 Æa ̈ø·2·21 °ø·o 1⁄2± ́2­a¥  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a3 ·2  ̈ ̧a

­ ́æ3·­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ·2· ̈·ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú a ̈aÆø2­ o± 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a °aÆ·±o ÌË
 ̄ÚÚÚ1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ ÌË

ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÌÁðÏ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ú

...a ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo ¥· ̈ ̈¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ oø1⁄2 ̈ ø­ ø 3aø­ ́Æa ±o ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø1⁄2ßÙ ·2 ÌÁ

¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ́2·2TM· ̈·21 ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú

ÁÍ

ÆaØ ́·Æao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥Ù æ ́ ̈ Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧aß

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ­±¥a¥ß  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̄±Æ ¥ø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧aÆa±o ̃  ̈± oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é

­ ́æ3·­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ...a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a

2±2ÛøoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ¥aTMa¥ øÆa ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ̈± ­ø ̈·­oß  ̈ ̧a o·1⁄2 ̈ø ̈a­ ±o

o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú

×2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧·21 · ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o± 2± ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈a

TMa ̈aÆø2­é o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao ø2 ø2ø¥ß­·­ ±o  ̈ ̧a

”ø ̈ ̧a©­ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ú ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ©a·1 ̧­ ·2 oøTM±Æ ±o Æa¥·ao  ̄çTMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o

 ̈ ̧a·Æ oø3·¥·a­  ̧øTMa ø 1⁄2±3°a¥¥·21 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2­aØ ́a21⁄2a­ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 1⁄2ø2 æa oaTMø­ ̈ø ̈·21å ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o ø2o  ̈ ̧·Æo oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ o± 2± ̈ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ Æa¥·aoÚ ×2 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́o·21

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥ ·­ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß ¥±©Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 2± ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ­3ø¥¥ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o 1⁄2ø­a­ øÆa øooa1⁄2 ̈aoÙ 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a ­3ø¥¥

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o Œ— oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ø°°aø¥aoÚ ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ÌÁ

2± ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧·Æo oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ©a·1 ̧ao ø1ø·2­ ̈ Æa¥·ao © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a fl ©± ́¥o oø1⁄2a
ÁÈ

ç­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈å o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa æ ́Æoa2­ ·o ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ a ̈aÆø2­é­

°Æ±°±­ao øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥Ú

...a 2± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø¥­±  ̧ø­ ø2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û

øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o Œ— ¥aTMa¥ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­Ú ...· ̈ ̧ Æa1øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·±2 ±2

Æa ̈ø·2·21 °ø·o 1⁄2± ́2­a¥Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­ ­ø·oÊ

Ã ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̧ø­ æaa2 øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈ao ·2 1⁄2±21Æa­­·±2ø¥

oaæø ̈a­ ­·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a oaa ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ©ø­ o·Æ­ ̈ a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2 ÔËÍÓ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a

›·TM·¥ ...øÆÙ  ̧ø­ æaa2  ̈ ̧·­Ê  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 æa2ao· ̈­

­ ̧± ́¥o æa 3ø2ø1ao ·2 ø ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈¥ß ·2o±Æ3ø¥ ©øß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa

2± 2aao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a a3°¥±ß3a2 ̈ ±o ø2 ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

ø 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈ ©ø­ a2 ̈· ̈¥aoÙ ­±  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa ̈ß

±o  ̈ ̧a ø©øÆo ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈  ̧øTM·21  ̈± o·TM·oa · ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥ø©ßaÆÚ

...ø¥ ̈aÆ­Ù ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÓÚ Ã ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ 2± ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a °øß3a2 ̈ ±o ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßç©± ́¥o ­aÆ·± ́­¥ß oÆ ́­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ±o ̈ÛÆa°aø ̈ao 1⁄2±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ° ́Æ°±­a o±Æ a2ø1⁄2 ̈·21 Å ̈ ̧a

oaa ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2ÃÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÌÚ Ã ̧a ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ ›± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·¶ao  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø­ ©øÆÆø2 ̈·21 ç1Æaø ̈ ©a·1 ̧ ̈Ùå ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çÅ·Ã ̈ ©± ́¥o  ̈øμa ø2

a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß ­ ̈Æ±21 ­ ̧±©·21 ±o °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o aÆÆ±Æ  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3 ä

ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a21⁄2a ±o ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß­ ©± ́¥o ­ ̧øÆ°¥ß o·3·2·­ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈

°±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ä  ̈± ©øÆÆø2 ̈ ø  ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oaa ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 oa2·a­ 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±o ¥ø©Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÍÚ Ã ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ·2 ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ oø·¥ao  ̈± 3øμa  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ̈Æ±21

­ ̧±©·21Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ©ø­ 2± o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ú ×oÚ

ø ̈ ÌÌÏÚ ...a øÆa æ± ́2o æß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧±¥o·21Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ TM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­
ÁË

ø2o 1⁄2±2­aØ ́a21⁄2a­ ±o ø¥¥±©·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈±  ̧øTMa ¥a1ø¥ Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·­  ̈± æa

1⁄2 ̧ø21ao ±Æ 3±o·o·aoÙ · ̈ ©·¥¥  ̧øTMa  ̈± æa o±2a æß  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ · ̈­a¥oÙ ø2o 2± ̈

æß ø 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú

fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ø ©·oaÆ øÆÆøß ±o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø2

 ̈ ̧±­a ø ̈ ·­­ ́a ·2 ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ ø2ø¥ß­·­ ·­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2ø­a æao±Æa  ́­Ú À2oaÆ¥ß·21 ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2· ̈ao æß a ̈aÆø2­ ·­ © ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß  ̧a¥o  ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æaø ̈·±2 ø2o

°Æa­aÆTMø ̈·±2 ±o ø 2±2ÛøoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú ×2­ ̈aøo ±o ø¥¥±©·21 o±Æ °ø·o ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß­  ̈±

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ ø2o o±Æ3ø¥ o·­1⁄2±TMaÆßÙ ›±21Æa­­ ·3°±­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a fl ø o ́ ̈ß  ̈±

ø­­·­ ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ ·2 ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔðÌflÚ 

 a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa oø·¥ao  ̈± 3øμa ø ­ ̈Æ±21 ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3 1⁄2øÆÆ·a­ ©· ̈ ̧

· ̈ ø  ̧·1 ̧ °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o aÆÆ±Æ ±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø 3±Æa o±Æ3ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©± ́¥o oa1⁄2Æaø­a  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o aÆÆ±ÆÚ fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21¥ßÙ ©a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21Ú

 

⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ aÆÆao ·2 Æao ́­·21  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥

o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ø¥¥ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ ø2o Æao ́­·21  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ ø Æa­°±2­a  ̈± ø2

·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±Æß ­aaμ·21  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o oøß­ –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈øμa ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ—

¥aTMa¥Ú 
ÁÁ

...a ÆaTM·a© o±Æ øæ ́­a ±o o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß Æ ́¥·21­ ø2o

3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·ø¥Ú çÅfiÃÆ±øo o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2 ·­ TMa­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·ø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± °aÆ3· ̈ ±Æ

oa2ß o·­1⁄2±TMaÆßÙ ø2o · ̈­ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈± oa2ß o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ æa o·­ ̈ ́Ææao a®1⁄2a° ̈

 ́°±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥aøÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa2·ø¥ ±o o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ·2 ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ø2o ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥

°Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2·21 ¥· ̈·1ø2 ̈Úå ÿø¥¥a ̈ ̈ TMÚ ”±Æ1ø2Ù ÓÁÍ ⁄ÚÌo ÈÌÓÙ ÈÎÔ  ̄Á ̈ ̧

›·ÆÚ ÓððÓ ̃  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21 Ÿ±a ̧Æ·21 TMÚ fiÆ±° ̧ßÙ ÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ÔÓÁÏÙ ÔÌðÎ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÍ ̃ ̃Ú Ã±

­ ́1⁄21⁄2aao ±2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21aÙ a ̈aÆø2­ 3 ́­ ̈ ­ ̧±© çø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ø2o ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2aå

Æa­ ́¥ ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß Æ ́¥·21­Ú ÿø¥¥a ̈ ̈Ù ÓÁÍ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÈÎÔÚ

flÚ Õ ́·1⁄2·oa ×21⁄2·oa2 ̈ fiÆ·aofl ̈ ø ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ 1⁄2±2oaÆa21⁄2aÙ a ̈aÆø2­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ­ ́·1⁄2·oa

·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ ä Æa°±Æ ̈­ °Æa°øÆao æß  ̈ ̧a fl o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ±Æ ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈ao

­ ́·1⁄2·oa ±o ø TMa ̈aÆø2  ́2oaÆ fl 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a fl Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa ÔÎÙððð

­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± a® ̈a2­·TMa Æaoø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o øÆ1 ́ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a Æaoø1⁄2 ̈ao ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ ©± ́¥o æa ±o ¥· ̈ ̈¥a °Æ±æø ̈·TMa TMø¥ ́aÚ Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø­μao a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß ©± ́¥o o± ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú a ̈aÆø2­

Æa­°±2oaoÊ ç×  ̈ ̧·2μ · ̈ ©± ́¥o °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ø2ø¥ß­·­ Ú Ú Ú  ̈±  ̈Æß  ̈± ø3ø¥1ø3ø ̈a

 ̈ ̧a oø ̈ø ø1⁄2Æ±­­  ̈ ̧a ­ß­ ̈a3  ̈± ­ ̧±© ·2 °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø2o °±¥·1⁄2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈

øÆa ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ ·2 oø1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ­3ø¥¥âÚå Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈
Ôðð

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·2 ̈aÆ¶a1⁄2 ̈ao ç× o±2é ̈  ̈ ̧·2μ ×  ̧øTMa ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈±  ̈ø¥μ øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ °±¥·1⁄2·a­Ùå

ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆaøo ̈aÆ oa2·ao a ̈aÆø2­é­ 3± ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú

 a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́¥¥ o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ø¥¥ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa

ø¥¥±©ao  ̈ ̧a3  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ¥·2μ­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ · ̈­

°±¥·1⁄2·a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø2o TMa ̈aÆø2­é ­ ́·1⁄2·oa­Ú a ̈aÆø2­Ù  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ o± 2± ̈ øÆ1 ́a

 ̧±©  ̈ ̧aß ©aÆa °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß Æ ́¥·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2

fl–fl ø2o o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈

æÆ·ao­ ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa ø¥¥±©ao a ̈aÆø2­  ̈± o ́¥o·¥¥  ̈ ̧a fl–flé­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ

¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ø ̈ Î ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈðÍ ̄Ô ̃ ø2o oa¥·2aø ̈ao ·2 “±Æ ̈±2Ú × ̈ ·­

°±­­·æ¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­ 3·1 ̧ ̈  ̧øTMa °Æ±TM·oao a ̈aÆø2­

©· ̈ ̧ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥  ́­ao ́¥ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ ·2 ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21

TMa ̈aÆø2­é ·2øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°aø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa¥øß

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ ·­ 2± ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß o±Æ

 a ̈aÆø2­  ̈± 3øμa ± ́ ̈ ø TMø¥·o 1⁄2¥ø·3 ä ·2oaaoÙ ø­ ©a  ̧±¥o øæ±TMaÙ  ̈ ̧a·Æ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ

Æa¥·ao  ́2oaÆ ”ø ̈ ̧a©­  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß æaa2 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥

o·2o·21­Ú ×2 ¥·1 ̧ ̈ ±o ± ́Æ  ̧±¥o·21 ÆaTMaÆ­·21 ø2o Æa3ø2o·21  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈Æß ±o ø2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ±ÆoaÆ Æa3aoß·21  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 a ̈aÆø2­  ̧øTMa ­ ́ooaÆao æa1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ÿflé­ oa¥øß ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ ©a 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­  ́22a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧·­ o·­1⁄2±TMaÆß ·­­ ́aÚ
...ø¥1⁄2±oo ©ø­ ø°°±·2 ̈ao fl1⁄2 ̈·21 À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß o±Æ fia2ao· ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Ïð

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­ ±2 ÷ø2Ú ÏÙ ÓðÔðÚ

ÔðÔ

fiÚ flTMaÆø1a Ã·3a o±Æ –Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 –ÃÕ‹ ›¥ø·3­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ‘aTMa¥

 a ̈aÆø2­ ø¥­± ­± ́1 ̧ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ ø Æa­°±2­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a·Æ ·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈·21

 ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o  ̈·3a · ̈  ̈øμa­  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ¥aTMa¥Ú ‹ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ·ø¥Ù a ̈aÆø2­ Æø·­ao  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú Ã ̧a fl Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ”·1⁄2 ̧øa¥ ...ø¥1⁄2±ooÙ  ̈ ̧a2 ‹a° ́ ̈ß À2oaÆ Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß o±Æ

fia2ao· ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù ©± ́¥o  ̈a­ ̈·oß ø­  ̈± © ̧ø ̈ oø ̈ø  ̈ ̧a Ïð

 fl  ̧ø­ ø2o © ̧ß  ̈ ̧a fl 1⁄2ø22± ̈ °Æ±o ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a oø ̈ø ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß a ̈aÆø2­Ú flo ̈aÆ

...ø¥1⁄2±oo  ̈a­ ̈·o·aoÙ a ̈aÆø2­ o·¥ao ø 3± ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ æß ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈

ç...ø¥1⁄2±ooé­  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ßÙ ø¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®°¥ø2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±TM·oao æß

1⁄2± ́2­a¥ o±Æ ‹aoa2oø2 ̈­Ù o±a­ 2± ̈ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a è2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥aé ·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±Æß ø2­©aÆ

°Æ±TM·oao æß ‹aoa2oø2 ̈­Úå Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 oøßÙ fl°Æ·¥ ÓÁÙ ÓððËÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ oa2·ao

 a ̈aÆø2­é­ 3± ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥Ú

 a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ øæ ́­ao · ̈­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2 ·2 Æao ́­·21  ̈±

1⁄2±3°a¥ ø2 ø2­©aÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±ÆßÚ ...a oø·¥  ̈± ­aa  ̧±©  ̈ ̧·­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©± ́¥o æ±¥­ ̈aÆ a ̈aÆø2­é­ fl–fl ±Æ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú a ̈aÆø2­é­

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øÆa o±Æa1⁄2¥±­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­ ©a o·­1⁄2 ́­­ øæ±TMaÚ a ̈aÆø2­é­ o ́a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 oa¥øß­ ·2 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±1⁄2 ́­ ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a · ̈

 ̈øμa­  ̈± ø°°aø¥ æa2ao· ̈­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ú fl ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥Ù a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈
ÔðÓ

 ̈ ̧a oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 3±Æa o±Æ3ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o

 ̈ ̧a flé­  ́­a ±o ø °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a æa2ao· ̈­ ø©øÆo­ ­ß­ ̈a3 TM·±¥ø ̈a­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

 a ̈aÆø2­ 3øμa 2± øÆ1 ́3a2 ̈ ø­  ̈±  ̧±© o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 oa¥øß­ ·2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21

–ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Œ— ¥aTMa¥ ©± ́¥o ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ Æa1øÆo·21

Œ—Û¥aTMa¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o ø2ß ­ ̧±©·21 ±o  ̧±©  ̈ ̧·­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa ­ ̈Æa21 ̈ ̧a2ao a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ©a øoo·Æ3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æ ́¥·21 ±2  ̈ ̧·­ ·­­ ́aÚ

›—“›‘ÀÕ×—“

Ã ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2±2oaÆ­  ́°±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ́ÆTM·TM·21

Æa¥ø ̈·TMa­ ø Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¶ ́­ ̈ ø2o

 ̈·3a¥ß øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao oaø ̈ ̧ ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­Ú fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa a ̈aÆø2­ oÆ±3 ±æ ̈ø·2·21 Æa¥·ao ·2 ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù  ̈ ̧a·Æ

a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧±­a °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ æß oa¥øß·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±TM·­·±2Ù ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈

¶ ́­ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø2ß °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa  ̈± a®°ao· ̈aÙ TM·±¥ø ̈a­ TMa ̈aÆø2­é

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú fia1⁄2ø ́­a 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ ›±21Æa­­ 2±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a
ÔðÌ

æa ̧øTM·±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ß·a¥o­  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø Æa3aoßÚ ...a  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa Æa3ø2o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ Æa­±¥TMa  ̈ ̧·­ o·­° ́ ̈a o·Æ­ ̈Ù · ̈ a2 ̈aÆ ø2 ±ÆoaÆ

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧·­ ±°·2·±2Ú

fl⁄⁄×Œ”¤‹ ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù Œ¤ ¤ŒÕ¤‹ ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù ø2o Œ¤”fl“‹¤‹Ú
ÔðÏ

›—À“Õ¤‘

Ÿ±Æo±2 –Ú ¤Æ­°ø3aÆ  ̄øÆ1 ́ao ̃Ù ÿaø ̈ ̧aÆ flÚ ”±­aÆÙ Œßø2 ŸÚ ÿø­­ø2a·2Ù ”Ú “ø ̈ø¥·a

“ø ́1¥aÙ ø2o Õ ̈ø1⁄2aß ”Ú Õ°Æa2μa¥Ù ”±ÆÆ·­±2  ̇ ⁄±aÆ­ ̈aÆ ‘‘–Ù Õø2 ⁄Æø21⁄2·­1⁄2±Ù ›ø¥ÚÂ

ø2o Õ·o2aß ”Ú ...±¥·2­μßÙ Œ±2ø¥o ¤¥­æaÆÆßÙ ’ø ̈Æ·2ø ’ø­aß ›±Ææ· ̈Ù ø2o ÷a22·oaÆ

fia¶±¶øÙ ‹·­øæ·¥· ̈ß Œ·1 ̧ ̈­ floTM±1⁄2ø ̈a­Ù fiaÆμa¥aßÙ ›ø¥ÚÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ûø°°a¥ø2 ̈­Ú

”·1⁄2 ̧øa¥ ⁄Ú ÿaÆ ̈¶Ù fl1⁄2 ̈·21 fl­­·­ ̈ø2 ̈ fl ̈ ̈±Æ2aß Ÿa2aÆø¥Â ÷±­a° ̧ –Ú Œ ́­­±2·a¥¥±Ù

À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­ fl ̈ ̈±Æ2aßÂ ø2o ...·¥¥·ø3 ’ø2 ̈aÆ ø2o › ̧øÆ¥a­ ...Ú Õ1⁄2øÆæ±Æ± ́1 ̧  ̄øÆ1 ́ao ̃Ù

fl°°a¥¥ø ̈a Õ ̈øooÙ ›·TM·¥ ‹·TM·­·±2Ù ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÷ ́­ ̈·1⁄2aÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a oaoa2oø2 ̈­Û

ø°°a¥¥aa­Ú 
× ¶±·2  ̈ ̧±­a °±Æ ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±°·2·±2 oa2ß·21 °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ˆ

–Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa fl1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ o·¥·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3

ø ̈ ø Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a ø2o øoo·Æ3·21  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ Æao ́­ø¥  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ ø Æa­°±2­a

 ̈± ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ·2 ̈aÆÆ±1ø ̈±Æ·a­Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­ øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù ×

©± ́¥o øoo·Æ3 · ̈­ Æao ́­ø¥  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a¥ °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ø¥¥ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa ·21⁄2·oa2 ̈ æÆ·ao­Ú

 a ̈aÆø2­ o±Æ ›±33±2 Õa2­a TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù “±Ú ðËÛÔÍÈÓË

› ̧·ao ÷ ́o1a ’—Æ×“Õ’×Ù o·­­a2 ̈·21 ·2 ¥øÆ1a °øÆ ̈Êˆ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß  ̧·¶ø1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­é­  ̄ flé­ ̃ 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1Æø3­ ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥­ ø o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ¶ ́o1a

ø­ Æa¥ ́1⁄2 ̈ø2 ̈ 1⁄2±33ø2oø2 ̈Û·2Û1⁄2 ̧·aoÚ Ã ̧ø ̈ ¶ ́o1a 3 ́­ ̈ 2±© oa1⁄2·oa ç© ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥

°Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßå  ̈± ­ø ̈·­oß  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­Ù ça2 ̈aÆ ø2

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ±ÆoaÆ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·21å  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø21a · ̈­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 3±2· ̈±Æ

 ̈ ̧a flÙ °aÆ ̧ø°­ ·2oao·2· ̈a¥ßÚ ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÈÓÙ ÁÎÚ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß  ̈Æø3°¥a­ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a

­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥ ¥·3· ̈­ ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ ·3°±­ao ±2 ± ́Æ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a fléoa1⁄2·­·±2­ ±2 TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú yy ÎðÓÙ ÎÔÔÚ “± ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈  ̈± ·12±Æa

›±21Æa­­Ù  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ø¥­± æÆ ́­ ̧a­ ø­·oa  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ øo3±2· ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a

3 ́­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±33±oø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈Æ±21 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 3øμ·21  ̈ ̧a flé­ °Æ±1⁄2aao·21­

çø­ ·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o 2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚå ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ TMÚ “ø ̈é¥ fl­­é2 ±o Œøo·ø ̈·±2

Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­Ù ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ÌðÎÙ ÌÓÌäÓÏ  ̄ÔÁËÎ ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ø Æa1⁄2·°a o±Æ a2o¥a­­ Æ± ́2o­ ±o

¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o ç2a1⁄2a­­øÆßå ø2o çø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÙå ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­

 ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±ÆoaÆ­  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆâ·3°±­·21 oaøo¥·2a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a fl

⁄×‘¤‹

”fl« Ôð ÓðÔÔ

”—‘‘« ›Ú ‹...«¤ŒÙ ›‘¤Œ’

ÀÚÕÚ ›—ÀŒÃ —⁄ fl––¤fl‘Õ
°ø1a Ó

ø2o ÆaØ ́·Æ·21 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ ¥øßaÆ ±o ø°°aø¥­âøÆa  ̈ ̧a ø2 ̈· ̈ ̧a­·­ ±o ø2 ç·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o

2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥å ­ß­ ̈a3Ú Ã±oøßé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ©·¥¥  ́2o± ́æ ̈ao¥ß o·­ ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a fl oÆ±3

· ̈­  ́¥ ̈·3ø ̈a 3·­­·±2Ê  ̈øμ·21 1⁄2øÆa ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± Æ·­μao  ̈ ̧a·Æ ¥·TMa­ o±Æ ± ́Æ 2ø ̈·±2Ú 

fia1⁄2ø ́­a × 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ¶±·2 ·2  ̈±oøßé­ flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ××× ° ́ ̈­1⁄2 ̧Ù × o·­­a2 ̈Ú

×

” ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­  ̈ ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a 2aao­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ ©· ̈ ̧ –ÃÕ‹ 3·1 ̧ ̈

­ ̧±1⁄2μ ø2o ± ́ ̈Æø1a  ́­Ù ©a 3øß 2± ̈ ­ ̈a° ·2 ø2o æ±­­ · ̈ øÆ± ́2oÚ ›±21Æa­­ aÆa1⁄2 ̈ao ø

æ·1 çμaa° ± ́ ̈å ­·12 o±Æ  ́­ ·2  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­é ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄ ÷Œfl ̃Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧

°Æ±TM·oa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê

Ã ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß Å±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ã ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa1⁄2·oa ø¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø©

ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ́2oaÆ ø ¥ø©  ̈ ̧ø ̈

øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­ æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ Ú Ú Ú Ú

ÅÃÃ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ø­  ̈± ø2ß ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·2ø¥

ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ æa ÆaTM·a©ao æß ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ ±Æ æß

ø2ß 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ Ú Ú Ú Ú

ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú Ã ̧a ÷Œfl °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­  ́­ oÆ±3 ÆaTM·a©·21 ø¥¥

oa1⁄2·­·±2­ çæß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ±Æ  ̧·­ oa¥a1ø ̈aÙå fiø ̈a­ TMÚ “·1⁄2 ̧±¥­±2Ù ÌÁË ⁄ÚÌo ÔÌÎÎÙ

ÔÌÍÎ  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃Ù ±2 çø¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥ø© ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2å ±2

TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú Ã ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø¥­± 1⁄2±TMaÆ­

1⁄2¥ø·3­ © ̧aÆa ÆaTM·a© ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ·­ ø ç2a1⁄2a­­øÆß °Æao·1⁄2ø ̈aÚå –Æ·1⁄2a TMÚ À2· ̈ao

Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ÏÓðÙ ÏÓÓ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ Óððð ̃  ̄°aÆ 1⁄2 ́Æ·ø3 ̃Ú Ã ̧ ́­Ù ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2
°ø1a Ì

·o øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 ç©± ́¥o ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a o·Æ­ ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ

 ̈ ̧a fl ø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2  ̧ø2o¥·21 Å ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­Ã ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Úå ×oÚÂ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo Ã ̧±3ø­ TMÚ

–Æ·21⁄2·°·Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ÁÈðÙ ÁÈÏ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃Â ­aa ø¥­± fiÆ± ́oß TMÚ ”ø ̈ ̧aÆÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo

ÔðÍÙ ÔÔÎ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓððÍ ̃Ú

Ã ̧a a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa øTMa2 ́a o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ·­  ̈± o·¥a ø2 ø°°aø¥

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­  ̄fi fl ̃Ù ø  ̈Æ·æ ́2ø¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a flÚ ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú

y ÈÔðÏ ̄ø ̃Â ­aa –Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÔ  ̄ ÷Œfl ç°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ·2 flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a

××× 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ ±o fl oa1⁄2·­·±2­ øooa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­å ̃Ú ⁄Æ±3  ̈ ̧a

fi flÙ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 3øß ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ a ̈aÆø2­ ›¥ø·3­  ̄ a ̈aÆø2­

›± ́Æ ̈ ̃Ù ø2 ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a × 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ù ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÈÓÎÓ ̄ø ̃Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥

›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù °±° ́¥ø ̈ao æß flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ××× ¶ ́o1a­ ¶ ́­ ̈ ¥·μa  ́­Ù ·oÚ y ÈÓÁÓ ̄1⁄2 ̃Ú

fl°°¥ß·21  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl  ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa ­ ̧±Æ ̈ ©±ÆμÚ –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ a® ̈a2­·TMa oa¥øß­ ·2 °Æ±TM·o·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ø oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ±o ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ⁄·o ̈ ̧ fl3a2o3a2 ̈é­ ‹ ́a

–Æ±1⁄2a­­ ›¥ø ́­aÚ Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÈÔð ̄ø ̃ ̄Ô ̃  ̄ ̈ ̧a fl 3 ́­ ̈ ço ́Æ2·­ ̧  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa

ø2o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­å  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ çoa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈± æa 2aaoaoå  ̈± çø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2 o±Æ ø

­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßå ̃Â ·oÚ y ÔÈðÎ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃  ̄ ̈ ̧a fl 3 ́­ ̈ ça2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ÅTMa ̈aÆø2­Ã ·­  ̈·3a¥ß ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a ·2 Ø ́ø¥· ̈ßå ̃Â ·oÚ y ÔÔÔð

 ̄TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ço·­øæ·¥· ̈ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 °aÆ­±2ø¥ ·2¶ ́Æß
°ø1a Ï

­ ́ooaÆao ±Æ o·­aø­a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2 ¥·2a ±o o ́ ̈ßÙ ±Æ o±Æ ø11ÆøTMø ̈·±2 ±o ø °Æaa®·­ ̈·21

·2¶ ́Æß ­ ́ooaÆao ±Æ o·­aø­a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2 ¥·2a ±o o ́ ̈ßå ̃Ú ”a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø2o

o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 øÆa 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß çæa2ao· ̈­Úå Õaa ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÓðÚÌ ̄a ̃  ̄oao·2·21

çæa2ao· ̈å  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa çø2ß °øß3a2 ̈Ù ­aÆTM·1⁄2a Ú Ú Ú ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­Ù a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈± © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­

oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ́2oaÆ ¥ø©­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­

°aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­å ̃Ú Ã ̧aÆao±ÆaÙ ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a fléoa1⁄2·­·±2­ ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a3Ú Õaa Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÎ  ̄1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ fl çoø·¥ao  ̈±

Æa2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­å ø2o oa2·ao çμ2±©2 2aaoao ø2o

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈å øÆa çæøÆÆao æß ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔå ̃Â ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­

±o fl3Ú TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ÍÎÏÙ ÍÎÍ  ̄‹Ú›Ú ›·ÆÚ ÓðÔð ̃  ̄Æa1⁄2±12·¶·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa1⁄2·­·±2­

ø­  ̈± o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 oø¥¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl ̃Â ‘· ̈ ̈¥a¶± ̧2 TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÌÓÔ

⁄ÚÌo ÁÔÎÙ ÁÓÔ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÌ ̃  ̄­ø3a ̃Ú fi ́ ̈ ©a 1⁄2ø2é ̈ oa1⁄2·oa °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­

1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ çoa ̈aÆ3·2Å·21Ã o·Æ­ ̈å © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a fl çø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2  ̧ø2o·21å

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­Â  ̈ ̧ ́­Ù ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú Õaa –Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË

⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÓÂ Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏÂ fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ©a 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3·­­Ú ›oÚ ¤® °øÆ ̈a ”1⁄2›øÆo¥aÙ ÈÏ ÀÚÕÚ  ̄È ...ø¥¥Ú ̃ ÎðÍÙ

ÎÔÏäÔÎ  ̄ÔËÍË ̃Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ø°°aøÆ­  ̈± æa¥·aTMa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›±21Æa­­ o·o2é ̈ 3aø2 © ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ­ø·o © ̧a2

· ̈ a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ÷ŒflÙ ø2o Æ±TMa­ oøÆ ø2o ©·oa o±Æ Æaø­±2­  ̈± 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3TMa2 ̈ · ̈­
°ø1a Î

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈­ ·2 ̈aÆoaÆa21⁄2a ·­ ¶ ́­ ̈·o·ao æa1⁄2ø ́­a ç ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øμa­ Ô

øÆa ­±  ̧·1 ̧ o±Æ ­± 3ø2ßå ø2o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2TM±¥TMa ç1ÆøTMa Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥·oa ø2o

oaø ̈ ̧Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ Í  ̇ 2ÚÌÚ fi ́ ̈ ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao 2 ́3aÆ± ́­ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2

± ́Æ °±©aÆ  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a flé­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­Ù 2±2a ±o © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2 ø2

a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 o±Æ ç1ÆøTMa Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o ¥·oa ø2o oaø ̈ ̧Úå Õaa fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ”øÆÚ ÓðÙ ÔÁÌÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧Ú ÌÙ

y ÎÙ ÏË Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ËÙ ÁÂ fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o —1⁄2 ̈Ú ÔÈÙ ÔÁÏðÙ 1⁄2 ̧Ú ËÁÌÙ y ÔÔÙ ÎÏ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÔÔÁÌÙ ÔÔÁÈÂ fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o

fl ́1Ú ÔÓÙ ÔÁÈðÙ – ́æÚ ‘Ú “±Ú ÁÔÛÌÈÍÙ y ËÙ ËÏ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÈËÈÙ ÈÁðÂ a ̈aÆø2­é ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥

ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈Ù – ́æÚ ‘Ú “±Ú ÔððÛÍËÈÙ y ÔðÔÙ ÔðÓ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÏÔðÎÙ ÏÔðÎäðÍ  ̄ÔÁËË ̃  ̄ ÷Œfl ̃Â

­aa ø¥­± ...±Æ¥o ...øÆ a ̈aÆø2­é fl1⁄2 ̈Ù ÔÁÓÏÙ 1⁄2 ̧Ú ÌÓðÙ y ÎÙ ÏÌ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÍðÈÙ ÍðËäðÁÚ 

Ã ̧aÆaé­ 2± o± ́æ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a °±©aÆ  ̈± o·TMa­ ̈  ́­ ±o ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧

1⁄2ø­a­Ú Õaa ‘±1⁄2μaÆ ̈ß TMÚ – ̧·¥¥·°­Ù ÌÔÁ ÀÚÕÚ ÔËÓÙ ÔËÈ  ̄ÔÁÏÌ ̃Ú

×2 ø2ß aTMa2 ̈Ù ›±21Æa­­ o·o2é ̈ o±Æa1⁄2¥±­a ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ú a ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2ø2 æÆ·21

 ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ø2o oÆ±3  ̈ ̧aÆa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù © ̧±­a

¶ ́o1a­ a2¶±ß flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ××× ·2oa°a2oa21⁄2aÚ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß o·­°øÆø1a­ ± ́Æ ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈

1⁄2±¥¥aø1 ́a­ æß °Æa­ ́3·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß øÆa  ́2øæ¥a ±Æ  ́2©·¥¥·21  ̈± °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­é

o ́2oø3a2 ̈ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú

¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ±2 ± ́Æ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Õaa 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÏäÎËÙ ÈÍäËÈÚ Ã ̧·­ ·­ 2± ̈ ̧·21 ¥a­­

 ̈ ̧ø2 ø Æaæa¥¥·±2 ø1ø·2­ ̈ ›±21Æa­­é­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ °±¥·1⁄2ß ±o ¥·3· ̈·21 ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o

 ̈ ̧a flé­ øooø·Æ­Ú Õaa ÿÚŒÚ Œa°Ú “±Ú ÔððÛÁÍÌÙ ø ̈ Á  ̄ÔÁËË ̃  ̄çÅ—ÃTMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ßaøÆ­Ù  ̈ ̧a

›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ oa1⁄2¥øÆao · ̈­ TM·a©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ­ ̧± ́¥o æa 2± ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ Æa3aoß ©· ̈ ̧

Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ æa2ao· ̈­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧·­ °±¥·1⁄2ß ©ø­  ̧±2±Æao o±Æ 2aøÆ¥ß ÔÈð

ßaøÆ­Úå  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃ ̃Ú Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß aTM·­1⁄2aÆø ̈a­ ø ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ›±21Æa­­ aÆa1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± Ô

æaø ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ 3ø¶±Æ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ±ooa2­·TMa ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a flÚ Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÓÔäÓÓÂ

fiaø3±2 TMÚ fiÆ±©2Ù ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ÁÍÎÙ ÁÈÔäÈÓ  ̄Í ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÈ ̃  ̄o·­1⁄2 ́­­·21  ̧·­ ̈±Æß ±o  ̈ ̧a

 ÷Œfl ̃Ú fl­ –Æa­·oa2 ̈ Œaø1ø2 3·1 ̧ ̈  ̧øTMa ­ø·oÙ çÿaÆa ©a 1± ø1ø·2Úå
°ø1a Í

flÚ Õß­ ̈a3©·oa 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ê –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈±  ̄Ô ̃ ç ̈·3a¥ß

°Æ±TM·oa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± –ÃÕ‹ Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­å ø2o  ̈±  ̄Ó ̃ ç ̈·3a¥ß Æa­±¥TMa

Å­aÆTM·1⁄2aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÃ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ o±Æ –ÃÕ‹å oa°Æ·TMa­ ç1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ

°Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ø2o ¥·æaÆ ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ Ú Ú Ú o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ›±3°¥ø·2 ̈ jj ÓÎÏ ̄æ ̃Ù ÓÍðÚ ...aÆa ø2

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± ø¥¥a1a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl oa°Æ·TMao  ̧·3 ±o  ̈ ̧a­a TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­Ù

­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ ©± ́¥o °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa  ́­ oÆ±3 ÆaTM·a©·21  ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÚ Õaa °ÚÏ ­ ́°ÆøÚ Õaaμ·21  ̈±

a­1⁄2ø°a ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔé­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Û­ ̈Æ·°°·21 1⁄2±33ø2oÙ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ o·­øTM±©ao ø2ß

·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2 ±o ­aaμ·21 Æa¥·ao o±Æ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­Ê

Ã ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­  ̧aÆa·2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÅTMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ° ́Æ°±­aÅÃ ±o Ú Ú Ú ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a

› ̧ø¥¥a21ao fl –Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­Ù ø2o 2± ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o ±æ ̈ø·2·21 ÆaTM·a©

±o oa1⁄2·­·±2­ æß  ̈ ̧a fl ±Æ ›fl ›Ú “± ̈ ̧·21  ̧aÆa·2 ·­ ·2 ̈a2oao ±Æ

­ ̧± ́¥o æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­ ø2 ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 ÆaTM·a© ±o ø2ß oa1⁄2·­·±2

Æa¥ø ̈·21  ̈± æa2ao· ̈­ ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2 Ú Ú Ú ±Æ  ̈± Ø ́a­ ̈·±2  ̈ ̧a

TMø¥·o· ̈ß ±o ø2ß æa2ao· ̈­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ±o  ̈ ̧a flÚ

›±3°¥ø·2 ̈ j ÌÁ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ©a2 ̈ ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ©øß  ̈± Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈

ç1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ oaoa1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3­Ù ø­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧  ̧aÆa·2Ù øÆa Ú Ú Ú o·TM±Æ1⁄2ao

oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o ø2ß ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ùå ·oÚ j ÔÓÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ç2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­

ø¥¥a1ao  ̧aÆa·2 ø2o ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao ­± ́1 ̧ ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 3øμa  ̈ ̧a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ±o
°ø1a È

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ ́­ 3·­Æaøo­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ © ̧a2 · ̈ ­ ́11a­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ Ó

ç1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ±o ø TMøÆ·a ̈ß ±o ·2¶ ́Æ·a­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß æa·21 a®°aÆ·a21⁄2ao ±Æ ¥·μa¥ß  ̈± æa

a®°aÆ·a21⁄2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 2aøÆ o ́ ̈ ́Æa æß  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­Ùå © ̧± ç©± ́¥o ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ß  ̧øTMa

­ ̈ø2o·21Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÌÏ 2ÚÔÍÚ

Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3øoa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·2o·21­  ̄©· ̈ ̧ a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ø2o ø1⁄2Æ±2ß3­ Ì

­°a¥¥ao ± ́ ̈ ̃Ê ç—2 øTMaÆø1aÙ Ú Ú Ú · ̈ ©ø­  ̈øμ·21 ÓÍÔ oøß­ o±Æ ÅøÃ Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈±

3ø·¥ ÅøÃ Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­a  ̈± ø TMa ̈aÆø2Úå × ̈  ̈øμa­ çÎÈÌ oøß­Ù ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ o±Æ ÅøÃ

Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi flÚå ç—2 øTMaÆø1aÙ · ̈  ̈øμa­  ̈ ̧a fi fl

ÌÌÍ oøß­  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 Ú Ú Ú Úå ×o ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ ø  ̧aøÆ·21Ù  ̧a ç©·¥¥  ̧øTMa  ̈±

©ø· ̈Ù ±2 øTMaÆø1aÙ ÏÎÎ oøß­Úå Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2· ̈a­  ̈ ̧a­a øTMaÆø1a­ ·2 · ̈­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2Ú

Õaa 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÓÍÚ

aø1⁄2 ̧ ·2¶ ́Æao 3a3æaÆ ø2oÒ±Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́a2 ̈ ·2o·­°a2­øæ¥a  ̈± °Æ±°aÆ Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a

¥ø©­ ́· ̈Ùå ·oÚ j ÌËÚÓ

–¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú fiø­ao

±2  ̈ ̧·­ aTM·oa21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÏÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ç±o fl oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ Ú Ú Ú Æa°±Æ ̈ao ø

©ø· ̈  ̈·3a ±o ÏäË ©aaμ­å  ̈± ­aa °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ç­ß3° ̈±3­ ±o 3±oaÆø ̈a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß o±Æ

oa°Æa­­·±2å ø2o ÎÚÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈ao ­·3·¥øÆ ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­ o±Æ –ÃÕ‹ ÆaoaÆÆø¥­Ú Ã ̧aÆa

©aÆa çø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ËÏÙÏÎð TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±2 ÿfl ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Úå Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø¥­± 3øoa o·2o·21­ ø­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß ·2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21

ø o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̈±±μ çø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß ÏÚÏ ßaøÆ­ Ú Ú Ú o±Æ ø

TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø Åo·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ã 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a ©øß  ̈± ø fi fl

oa1⁄2·­·±2Úå Ã ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o·o2é ̈ o·2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2 ©ø­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß oa2·ao ±Æ Ì
°ø1a Ë

¥·μa¥ß  ̈± æa oa2·ao  ̧·­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ±Æ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ Å°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ·­ 2± ̈ ø

èoa1⁄2·­·±2é ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 3aø2·21 ±o y ÎÔÔå æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧aß o±2é ̈ ç1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3·21

±o ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ Åæa2ao· ̈ÃÙå ø2o ·2­ ̈aøo ç1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­

øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÈÙ ÈÁäËðÚ fl2o · ̈ a®°Æa­­¥ß Æa¥·a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a

øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß­ o± ́2o æß  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ê çfl¥¥  ̈±¥oÙ ±TMaÆ ËÏÙððð TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa ±2

©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÈÚ çÃ± ° ́Æ­ ́a ø 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ù

o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ 3øß  ̈øμa ·2 a®1⁄2a­­ ±o ÏÚÏ ßaøÆ­ Ú Ú Ú Ú Åo ́Æ·21 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧Ã 3ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­

°aÆ·­ ̧Ù øo ̈aÆ ¥·TM·21 ·2 ©ø2 ̈Ú Ú Ú Ú ...a øÆa °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß o± ́æ ̈o ́¥ Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o ¶ ́­ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ÎÈÌÛoøß øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß o±Æ ø Œa1·±2ø¥

—oo·1⁄2aÅÃ  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi fl Ú Ú Ú Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ËÁäÁð  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ° ́Æ°±Æ ̈­  ̈± ­·oa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ·2 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́·21 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ

 ̈± °aÆ3· ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ·oÚ ø ̈ ËÌÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ·2 oø1⁄2 ̈  ̧aøÆo ø 1⁄2ø­a © ̧aÆa

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ o·­øTM±©ao °Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ¥ø1⁄2μao

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ­aa ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o fl3ÚÙ ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÍÍÔäÍÓÚ Ã ̧aÆaÙ ø­  ̧aÆaÙ

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ç©a2 ̈ ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ©øß  ̈± o±Æ­©aøÆ ø2ß ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ Æa¥·ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a

ÅTMa ̈aÆø2­ÃÚå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÓÚ Ã ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈aoÊ
°ø1a Á

Ã±  ̈ ̧a a® ̈a2 ̈ ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ °Æa­a2 ̈ao  ̧aÆa·2 ø°°¥ß  ̈± ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­

Æø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø­ ø © ̧±¥aÙ  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ·2 ̈a2oao o±Æ ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

° ́Æ°±­a­ ±2¥ßÚ “± ̈ ̧·21 ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ ·­ ·2 ̈a2oao ø­Ù 2±Æ ­ ̧± ́¥o · ̈

æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­Ù ø2 ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 ÆaTM·a© ±o ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a fl ±Æ · ̈­ ø°°a¥¥ø ̈a ­ß­ ̈a3Ú

×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÈäÎË  ̄ø¥ ̈aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú ›±3°øÆa  ̈ ̧a

Ø ́± ̈ao ¥ø21 ́ø1a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̈©± 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈­Ê Ã ̧a ±2¥ß o·ooaÆa21⁄2a ·­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ·2

± ́Æ 1⁄2ø­a  ̧øTMa 3±Æa a®°¥·1⁄2· ̈¥ß o·­øTM±©ao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ Æa¥·aoÚ Ã ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ø¥­± ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao øoo·oøTM· ̈­ ø¥¥a1·21 øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ æa2ao· ̈­

ø°°aø¥­Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÈÂ ­aa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÓ  ̄çÅÃÃ ̧a ø­­aÆ ̈ao ·¥¥a1ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­

1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao ·­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ø­  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a ¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o  ̈·3a · ̈  ̈øμa­ ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2¥ø·3­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ̃Ú

Ã ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ °aÆ­ ́ø­·TMa¥ß a®°¥ø·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é çÆø ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°øÆa2 ̈

aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± øTM±·o  ̈ ̧a °Æa1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa æ· ̈aå ±o ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ a2oao  ́° ­ ̈Æ·°°·21  ̈ ̧a3 ±o

­ ̈ø2o·21Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÔÚ × Æa°Æ±o ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2 æa¥±©Ù ø­  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈

 ̧ø­ ­ø·o ø¥¥  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­  ̈± ­øß øæ± ́ ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈  ̈± 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́3TMa2 ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔÚ

ÅÃÃ ̧a øTMaÆø1a °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2ø ́­a øoo·ø2 ̈­ ·2¶ ́ÆßÂ · ̈ ·­ ±2¥ß

 ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ Æa¥aTMø2 ̈Ú ×oÙ o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ øoo·ø2 ̈­ oa¥¥ ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a Ø ́·1⁄2μÛ°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 a2o ±o ø æa¥¥Û­ ̧ø°ao 1⁄2 ́ÆTMaÙ ø  ̧·1 ̧ øTMaÆø1a

°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a ©± ́¥o æa ·ÆÆa¥aTMø2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a3Ù ø2o  ̈± ÆaTMaÆ­a  ̈ ̧a

ø2ø¥ß­·­Ù ø ¥±© øTMaÆø1a ©± ́¥o 2± ̈ øTM±·o ·2¶ ́Æß ·o øoo·ø2 ̈­ ©aÆa ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

± ̈ ̧aÆ a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆTMaÚ ×2 ­ ́3Ù ø­­ ́3·21  ̈ ̧a ø¥¥a1ao ·¥¥a1ø¥· ̈ßâ ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21  ̈·3a ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈ø1a ·­  ̈±± ¥±21â ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç·¥¥a1ø¥· ̈ßå

o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a øoo·ø2 ̈­ ·2¶ ́ÆßÚ fl2o 1⁄2ø ́­ø ̈·±2 ·­ ø 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß

a¥a3a2 ̈ ±o ­ ̈ø2o·21Ú
°ø1a Ôð

× ̈ 3øμa­ 2± o·ooaÆa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ ø ç­ ́· ̈ o±Æ °Æ±­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa Æa¥·aoÚå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ Ï

ÌÎ 2ÚÔÍÚ –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©aÆa ço·TM±Æ1⁄2ao oÆ±3

 ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o ø2ß ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3å æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a flÙ ­±  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2ø2é ̈ ­ ́a ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o

TMa ̈aÆø2­ 2±© æa·21 ·2¶ ́Æao æß  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø¥¥a1ao oa¥øß­Ú “±Æ 1⁄2ø2  ̈ ̧aß ­ ́a ±2 æa ̧ø¥o

±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧±  ̧øTMa Æa1⁄2a·TMao 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa ±Æ © ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̧øTMa ø¥Æaøoß æaa2

°Æ±1⁄2a­­aoÚ Õaa ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o fl3ÚÙ ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÍÍÔ 2ÚÔÔÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2ø2é ̈

­ ́a ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧±  ̧øTMa2é ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æa2ao· ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a fl æa1⁄2ø ́­a ø2ß

·2¶ ́Æß  ̈ ̧aÆa ©± ́¥o æa ° ́Æa¥ß ç1⁄2±2¶a1⁄2 ̈ ́Æø¥ ±Æ  ̧ß°± ̈ ̧a ̈·1⁄2ø¥Úå ‘ ́¶ø2 TMÚ ‹aoa2oaÆ­ ±o

...·¥o¥·oaÙ ÎðÏ ÀÚÕÚ ÎÎÎÙ ÎÍð  ̄ÔÁÁÓ ̃  ̄·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú

×o  ̈ ̧a øoo·ø2 ̈­ ©aÆa ­ ́·21 æß  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­â© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­  ̧±© ©a

3 ́­ ̈ ø2ø¥ß¶a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3âø­­aÆ ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a  ̈·3a ±o °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21

©ø­  ̈±± ¥±21Ù · ̈ ©± ́¥o æa ø°°øÆa2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß ©aÆa °Æa­a2 ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3

2± ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­ æ ́ ̈ o±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ­Ù ·2oaaoÙ ø2  ́2·oa2 ̈·o·ao 1Æ± ́° ±o

± ̈ ̧aÆ­Ú fi ́ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2ø2 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ­ ̈ø2o·21 ·2 oaoaÆø¥ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ æß ø­­aÆ ̈·21 ø2

·2¶ ́Æß  ̈± ­±3a±2a a¥­aÚ × ̈ ­aa3­  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ¶ ́o1a ·2 ̈ ́· ̈ao  ̈ ̧·­ °±·2 ̈

æß 2± ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©aÆa ç2± ̈ 3±2±¥· ̈ ̧·1⁄2Úå

×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÍÓ  ̄1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a Ø ́± ̈ao °øÆø1Æø° ̧­ o±1⁄2 ́­ ±2 oa¥øß­ ·2

°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 ø°°aø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a·Æ Æaø­±2·21 a® ̈a2o­  ̈± oa¥øß­ ·2

°Æ±TM·o·21 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ a®°¥ø·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ø¥¥a1·21

øTMaÆø1aÙ 2±2Û·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ oa¥øß­ øÆa ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ç°Æa­a2 ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 2± ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMaæ ́ ̈ o±Æ Ú Ú Ú ø2  ́2·oa2 ̈·o·ao 1Æ± ́° ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ­Úå ×oÚ Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø¥¥a1ø ̈·±2­ 1⁄2ø2é ̈ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧

­ ̈ø2o·21Ú ×oÚ ‘·μa °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧aÆa o·­øTM±©ao ø¥¥

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ·2¶ ́Æ·a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­âæ± ̈ ̧ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ø2o ¥·μa¥ßâø2o Æa¥·ao ±2

aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß­Ú Ã ̧ ́­Ù ¥·μa °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ù  ̈ ̧aß ¥ø1⁄2μ Ï

­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈± ° ́Æ­ ́a  ̈ ̧a·Æ 2±2Û·2o·TM·o ́ø¥·¶ao 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ 2± ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈ oaøo

©Æ±21Â · ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø ­Ø ́øÆa 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ­°¥· ̈ ±2 ø2 ·­­ ́a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ 2ø ̈·±2ø¥  ́2·o±Æ3· ̈ßÚ
°ø1a ÔÔ

fiÚ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o±Æ ́3Ê Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°± ́2o­ · ̈­ aÆÆ±Æ æß  ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø

çæÆ±øo Æaøo·21 ±o y ÎÔÔå ©± ́¥o çoa°Æ·TMaÅ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã ±o ø2ß o±Æ ́3 ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈± Æø·­a

 ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­å ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­ 1⁄2±2 ̈ÆøTMa2a  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈é­ ©øÆ2·21 øæ± ́ ̈ ç ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ oø21aÆ ±o °Æa1⁄2¥ ́o·21 ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Úå ”ø¶Ú

±°Ú ø ̈ ËÏäËÎÚ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ç¥ø1⁄2μÅ­Ã ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2

±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­ Æø·­ao æßå °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ æa1⁄2ø ́­aÊ  ̄Ô ̃ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­

3 ́­ ̈ æa 3øoa ç·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o ø °Æ±°aÆ ø2o  ̈·3a¥ß ø°°aø¥å oÆ±3 ø fi fl oa1⁄2·­·±2Ù

© ̧·¥a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧øTMa 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao oa¥øß­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fi fl ·­­ ́a­ ø oa1⁄2·­·±2Â ø2o  ̄Ó ̃

±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­ 1⁄2ø2é ̈ °Æa­a2 ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ËÏÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧

ø2o ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈­ øooÆa­­ao  ̈ ̧a a®ø1⁄2 ̈ ­ø3a ·­­ ́a­ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­

›± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ æa2ao· ̈­  ̧øo æaa2

 ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß oa¥øßaoÚ Õaa fiaø3±2Ù ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÍÈäÈðÂ ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o

fl3ÚÙ ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÍÎÁäÍð  ̇ 2ÚÍÚ

Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ç ̧ø­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± Æaø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ ·­­ ́a­ ·2

1⁄2±2­·oaÆ·21 a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆß ©Æ· ̈­ Å±o 3ø2oø3 ́­ÃÙå © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ · ̈ 3øß 1Æø2 ̈ ç© ̧a2  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈  ̧ø­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧a Ú Ú Ú  ̧ø­ 2± øoaØ ́ø ̈a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 3aø2­ ±o

±æ ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a Æa¥·ao ­± ́1 ̧ ̈Úå fiaø3±2Ù ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÍÁ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21

‹ø1⁄2±Æ±2 TMÚ fiÆ±©2Ù Ï a ̈Úfl°°Ú ÔÔÎÙ ÔÔÁ  ̄ÔÁÁÌ ̃ ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ç°±©aÆ  ̈± ·­­ ́a ©Æ· ̈­ ±o

3ø2oø3 ́­ 1⁄2±3°a¥¥·21 fl ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­  ̈±  ̈øμa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß
°ø1a ÔÓ

fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ·® ̈ ̧ ø2o ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈­ øooÆa­­ao ø¥¥a1ao oa¥øß­ ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ Î

°Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 ±o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø2ø¥ß­·­ ø°°¥·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́ø¥ o±Æ1⁄2a  ̈± 1⁄2¥ø·3­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥ß oa¥øßao 2aaoao 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈

1⁄2ø2  ̧aøÆ ø°°aø¥­ ±o ø2ß ·­­ ́a Æø·­ao æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fi flÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a fi flé­ 1±TMaÆ2·21

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ a® ̈a2o · ̈­ ø°°a¥¥ø ̈a ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± çØ ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ Ú Ú Ú

æa2ao· ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ùå ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2

çÅ3Ãao·1⁄2ø¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­å ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çø2 ø ̈ ̈a2o·21 ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2å 3·1 ̧ ̈ oø1⁄2aÚ 

ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÓðÚÔðÔ ̄æ ̃Ú fl°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ æß ø2ß 3aø2­

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Ù ­±  ̈ ̧a fi flâø2o  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈â ̧øTMa

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a© 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2­ TM·±¥ø ̈a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú

oa¥øßaoå a® ̈a2o­  ̈± 1⁄2ø­a­ © ̧aÆa ç ̈ ̧aÆa  ̧ø­ æaa2 2± o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÚå 

 ·a ̈2ø3 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o fl3ÚÙ ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÍÎÁ 2ÚÍ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 ¤Æ­°ø3aÆ

TMÚ ‹aÆ©·2­μ·Ù Ô a ̈Úfl°°Ú ÌÙ ÍäÁ  ̄ÔÁÁð ̃ ̃Ú ×2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­ 1⁄2ø2 æÆ·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Â ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o·2o ø o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­

TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ù · ̈ ©·¥¥ ·­­ ́a ø ©Æ· ̈ ±o 3ø2oø3 ́­ ±ÆoaÆ·21 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a Æa¥·aoÚ Ã ̧±­a

TMa ̈aÆø2­ oa2·ao ø ©Æ· ̈ 1⁄2ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ú 

Õaa “·a¥­±2 TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù ÍðÈ ⁄ÚÌo ËðÓÙ ËðÎ  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ ÓðÔð ̃  ̄çÅ...Ãa  ̧øTMa

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a© ø¥¥ ¥a1ø¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ oa1⁄2·oao æß  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Úå ̃Ú 

›±2­ ̈Æ ́·21 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ  ̈± °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ oÆ±3 æÆ·21·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2 ± ́Æ

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o±a­2é ̈ o±Æa1⁄2¥±­a ø¥¥ Æa¥·aoÚÎ

“±Æ ­ ̧± ́¥o ©a  ̈Æ± ́æ¥a ± ́Æ­a¥TMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 1⁄2ø2é ̈ °Æa­a2 ̈

1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈Ú ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ æÆ±øo °±©aÆ­  ̈± ­ ̧ø°a

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ Æ ́¥a­ ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æa3ao·a­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­Ú Õaa
°ø1a ÔÌ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 3·­­a­  ̈ ̧a °±·2 ̈ a2 ̈·Æa¥ß © ̧a2 · ̈ 2± ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ Í

­ ̈ø2o·21 o±a­2é ̈ ­aÆTMa ç°Æa1⁄2·­a¥ß  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ° ́Æ°±­aå ø­ ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈

ËÎ 2ÚÌÎÚ ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›±21Æa­­ 1⁄2± ́¥o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß oa2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±

...ø¥ ̈aÆ­Ù ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÌÌäÌÏÂ 1⁄2oÚ Ã·a ̈¶a2 TMÚ ÀÚÕÚ a ̈aÆø2­ flo3·2ÚÙ ËËÏ ⁄ÚÓo ÎÔÏÙ

ÎÔÎ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁËÁ ̃  ̄1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́·21 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔé­ °Æaoa1⁄2a­­±Æ  ̈± o±Æa1⁄2¥±­a ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o

1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ fl TM·±¥ø ̈ao o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æß ·12±Æ·21 · ̈­ ±©2 Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ̃Â fl2oaÆ­±2 TMÚ

 a ̈aÆø2­ flo3·2ÚÙ ÎÎÁ ⁄ÚÓo ÁÌÎÙ ÁÌÍ  ̄Î ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈÈ ̃  ̄°aÆ 1⁄2 ́Æ·ø3 ̃  ̄­ø3a o±Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧aøÆ·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ TM·±¥ø ̈ao TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ̃Ú Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß

ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß °±·2 ̈­  ̈± ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­Ù © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ Æa1⁄2±12·¶ao  ̈ ̧a­a æÆ±øo

°±©aÆ­Ù © ̧a2 · ̈ Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈­ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­é 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ©aÆa

TM·±¥ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ·2  ̈ ̧a ÷ŒflÚ ”ø¶ ±°Ú ø ̈ ÁË

 ̄çÀ2oaÆ¥ß·21 ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2· ̈ao æß Å°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã ·­ © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a

ÅÕ ́°Æa3aÃ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß  ̧a¥o  ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æaø ̈·±2

ø2o °Æa­aÆTMø ̈·±2 ±o ø 2±2ÛøoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Úå ̃Â ­aa 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈ j ÌðÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ ç ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø­  ̈ ̧a Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 3a3æaÆ­ Ú Ú Ú ø2o ø­

1⁄2¥ø­­ Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa­Ùå ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ ­ ̈ø2o·21 ·2 ± ́Æ 1⁄2ø­a ©± ́¥o ­·3°¥ß æa ø  ̈±±¥Ù

¥·μa 1⁄2¥ø­­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù o±Æ TM·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 3a3æaÆ­é ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­Ú ›±3°¥ø·2 ̈ j ÌËÚ 

×o  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o ±2a  ̈±±¥ o±a­2é ̈ Æa2oaÆ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß

·2øoaØ ́ø ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a2Ù 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a æÆ±øo °±©aÆ­ ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­  ̈± ­ ̧ø°a TMa ̈aÆø2­é

Æa3ao·a­Ù  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̧± ́¥o2é ̈ a· ̈ ̧aÆÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈é­ Í
°ø1a ÔÏ

1⁄2± ́2­a¥ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·21 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÓðÙ ÌÓÍÚ Ã ̧a Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2± ́2­a¥

·­ oøÆ 3±Æa ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈  ̈± ø ¥· ̈·1ø2 ̈ ­aaμ·21  ̈± TM·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̧·­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·±2 ±o

æÆ·21·21  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ø2 ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Ú ×o ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ æÆ±øo a2± ́1 ̧ °±©aÆ­

 ̈± aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß oa2ß TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a2 · ̈ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2¥ß oa2ß  ̈ ̧a3  ̈ ̧a ¥ø ̈ ̈aÆÚ

 ̧±¥o·21­ øÆa æ·2o·21 ±2 ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ fi fl ø2o a ̈aÆø2­ ›± ́Æ ̈ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù ­± ø

Æ ́¥·21 ±2 ±2a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©·¥¥  ̧øTMa ø ­ß­ ̈a3©·oa aooa1⁄2 ̈Ú Õaa

fiaø3±2Ù ÔÓÎ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈð  ̄1⁄2· ̈·21 ‘aoμ±©· ̈¶ TMÚ ‹aÆ©·2­μ·Ù Ô a ̈Úfl°°Ú ÏÌÁÙ ÏÏð

 ̄ÔÁÁÔ ̃  ̄a2 æø21⁄2 ̃  ̄°aÆ 1⁄2 ́Æ·ø3 ̃ ̃Ú

›Ú Ã ̧a –Æ·1⁄2aäÃ ̧±3ø­ Œ ́¥aÊ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ­°a2o­ °ø1a­ ø2o °ø1a­ 1⁄2Æaø ̈·21

1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ­°¥· ̈­Ù æ ́ ̈ · ̈ 2aTMaÆ ø°°¥·a­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈a­ ̈ o±Æ oa ̈aÆ3·2·21 ± ́Æ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

–Æ·1⁄2a ø2o Ã ̧±3ø­  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·o øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 ç©± ́¥o

ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a o·Æ­ ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a fl ø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2

 ̧ø2o¥·21 Å ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­éÃ æa2ao· ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Å­ÃÚå fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­

±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21 Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏ  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21 –Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÓ ̃ ̃

 ̄·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a o±Æ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆa ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ­± aTMa2 ·o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧øo ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈± æÆ·21

 ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù ©a ©± ́¥o ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a3Ú

”a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÊ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çTMø­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa

oa2·ao ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa æß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a øæ­a21⁄2a ±o çø2
°ø1a ÔÎ

ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 Ú Ú Ú TM·±¥ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a ‹ ́a –Æ±1⁄2a­­

›¥ø ́­a æß °Æ±TM·o·21 ·2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÍÙ ÍÈÚ Ã ̧a ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o ø2

ø°°aø¥ 1⁄2ø2é ̈ æa  ́21⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥  ́2¥a­­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ·2 ø

©øß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß oa°Æ·TMa­ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈± 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧

1⁄2øÆaÊ ×o  ̈ ̧aÆaé­ 2± oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧aÆaé­ 2± 2aao o±Æ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Õaa fioÚ ±o Œa1a2 ̈­ ±o

Õ ̈ø ̈a ›±¥¥­Ú TMÚ Œ± ̈ ̧Ù ÏðË ÀÚÕÚ ÎÍÏÙ ÎÍÁ  ̄ÔÁÈÓ ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ©·¥¥ oa°a2o ±2  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o

aø1⁄2 ̧ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2ø­aÊ fl2 a·1 ̧ ̈Û©aaμ ©ø· ̈ o±Æ ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a­ ø

oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 o±Æ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧±é­ °±·2 ̈·21 ø 1 ́2 ø ̈  ̧·­  ̧aøoÙ æ ́ ̈ · ̈ 3øß æa ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a

o±Æ ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧±é­ 3·¥o¥ß oa°Æa­­aoÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧aÆa 1⁄2ø2 æa 2± oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2 ·o  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2ø ́­ao  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß æß Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈·21 aøÆ¥·aÆ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧ ́­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­

­·3°¥ß 2± ©øß  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ çoa ̈aÆ3·2Å·21Ã o·Æ­ ̈å

© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ̈øoo çø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2  ̧ø2o¥·21å TMa ̈aÆø2­é

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ú fia1⁄2ø ́­a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3 ÆaØ ́·Æa­

1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ±2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­  ́­ oÆ±3 ÆaTM·a©·21 · ̈Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß æÆ ́­ ̧a­ ø­·oa  ̈ ̧a ÷Œflé­ ¥·3· ̈­ ±2 ± ́Æ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß

1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́·21 ø o±± ̈2± ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø°°a¥¥ø ̈a æÆ·ao  ̈± çø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1aÅÃ  ̈ ̧ø ̈å

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é ° ́Æ°±Æ ̈ao¥ß ­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2 1⁄2¥ø·3­ çoø¥¥ÅÃ ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈ ̧a ÷Œflé­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥

æøÆÚå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÏäÎÎÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a fl øÆ1 ́ao ·2 o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl o±a­
°ø1a ÔÍ

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa ÆaTM·a© ±o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú Ã ̧a ­ ́°°±­ao

çø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao13a2 ̈å ±2 ø°°aø¥ ±2¥ß °±·2 ̈ao ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ oÆø3ao  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­

1a2aÆø¥¥ßÚ Õaa fl fiÆÚ ÌÌ 2ÚÈ  ̄çÅ–Ã¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 2±© 1⁄2Æ· ̈·1⁄2·¶a  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

o±Æ  ́­·21 ø è­ß­ ̈a3·1⁄2é ­ ̈ø2oøÆo  ̈± ø­­a­­ oa¥øß © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ±©2

1⁄2¥ø·3­ 1⁄2±3°a¥¥ao  ̈ ̧·­ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Úå ̃Ú Ã ̧a fl o·o2é ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2aoa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

 ̧øo ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ø2o · ̈é­ ©Æ±21 o±Æ ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

 ̈± ©Æ·21 ø 1⁄2±21⁄2a­­·±2 oÆ±3 ø °øÆ ̈ßé­ ø3æ·1 ́± ́­ ¥ø21 ́ø1aÚ fi ́ ̈ · ̈ o±a­2é ̈ 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ

ø2ß ̧±©Ù æa1⁄2ø ́­a ©a  ̧øTMa ø2 ç·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Å©aÃ o± 2± ̈

a®1⁄2aao  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2±°a ±o Å± ́ÆÃ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå ÿa2oaÆ­±2 a® Æa¥Ú ÿa2oaÆ­±2 TMÚ Õ ̧·2­aμ·Ù

ÔÌÔ ÕÚ › ̈Ú ÔÔÁÈÙ ÔÓðÓ  ̄ÓðÔÔ ̃Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß Æa­°±2o­ æß øÆ1 ́·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ç ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ·­­ ́ao ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 Ú Ú Ú

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ o·2ø¥ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ø2o  ́2ÆaTM·a©øæ¥aÚå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÍ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ ø2o

·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ÷Œflé­ °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·±2 ±2 ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©

·­2é ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2­Ú × ̈ a® ̈a2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß çØ ́a­ ̈·±2ÅÃ

±o ¥ø© Å±ÆÃ oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Åø1a21⁄2ßÃ  ́2oaÆ ø ¥ø©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a

°Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o æa2ao· ̈­Úå ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃Ú ‹a1⁄2·­·±2­ æß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­

­a ̈ ̈·21  ́° 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa o ́¥¥ß 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a

 ÷Œflé­ °Æa1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa Æaø1⁄2 ̧Ù ø2o ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ ø2ß 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o
°ø1a ÔÈ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ­aa3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧·2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a çÆa¥aTMø2 ̈ èoa1⁄2·­·±2é  ̧aÆa Ú Ú Ú ·­ È

© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ øÆa 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎËÚ 

fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈é­  ̈ ̧a a­­a21⁄2a ±o °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú Ã ̧a ÷Œfl ­ ̈Æ·°­  ́­

±o ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ ø2ß 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o ÆaØ ́·Æa  ́­  ̈± ÆaTM·a© ø2ß fl oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2

ø Ø ́a­ ̈·±2 ±o ¥ø© ±Æ oø1⁄2 ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø æa2ao· ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Ú 

Õaa °ÚÔÏ ­ ́°ÆøÚ ÿaÆaÙ ©aéo  ̧øTMa  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2­ æß fl øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ ­a ̈ ̈·21  ́° 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ú

ÆaØ ́·Æa ø o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a3Ú Õaa –Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÓÂ Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ

⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏÂ ­aa ø¥­± fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚÈ

× ̈ 3øμa­ 2± o·ooaÆa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ·1⁄2a ø2o Ã ̧±3ø­ ©aÆa ç ̈±Æ ̈ ­ ́· ̈Å­Ã æÆ± ́1 ̧ ̈ æß

ø2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2Ùå © ̧·¥a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ o·¥ao çø ­ ́· ̈ o±Æ ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈

ÎÈÚ ‘·μa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ·2 –Æ·1⁄2a ø2o Ã ̧±3ø­Ù °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3 ·­ æø­ao ±2 ø2 ø¥¥a1ø ̈·±2

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl  ́2¶ ́­ ̈·o·øæ¥ß oa2·ao æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­â ̧aÆaÙ æß  ̈øμ·21  ̈±± ¥±21  ̈±

°Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a3 ©· ̈ ̧ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ fl2o © ̧a2 °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ·2 fiÆ± ́oß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ø2

·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ ­ ̈·¥¥ ø°°¥·ao  ̈ ̧a –Æ·1⁄2aÛÃ ̧±3ø­ Æ ́¥aÙ ø¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧ · ̈

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̧øo ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧aÆaÚ 

ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔðÙ ÔÔÎÚ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ 1⁄2¥ ́3­ß aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± øTM±·o ø 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ·1⁄2a

ø2o Ã ̧±3ø­ ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ o¥ßÚ

‹·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ê Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ

æøÆÆao °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3 æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́a ±o ç© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø

TMa ̈aÆø2é­ Åo·­øæ·¥· ̈ßÃ æa2ao· ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß oa¥øßao ©·¥¥
°ø1a ÔË

±o ̈a2  ̧·21a ±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 oø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Úå Ã ̧·­ ·­ øæ­±¥ ́ ̈a¥ß 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ê 

Ã ̧a  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a fl 2aao­  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 oa°a2o­ ±2 · ̈­ 1⁄2±3°¥a®· ̈ß ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­

 ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a fl 2aao­  ̈± 1a2aÆø ̈a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ù ø2o –ÃÕ‹ 1⁄2¥ø·3­

øÆa ø3±21  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a® ø2o oø1⁄2 ̈Û·2 ̈a2­·TMaÚ ...a 1⁄2ø2é ̈ ­øß © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø oa¥øß ·­

 ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ çoa ̈aÆ3·2Å·21Ã o·Æ­ ̈å  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a fl ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̧øTMa

 ̈øμa2  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2é­ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù ø2o ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­  ́­ oÆ±3 3øμ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2Ú Õaa –Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÓÂ Ã ̧±3ø­Ù

ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏÂ ­aa ø¥­± fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 æa1⁄2ø ́­aÙ ­ ́°°±­ao¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a fl  ̧ø­2é ̈

ç3øoa ø o·2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 Å°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­éÃ 3a3æaÆ­é ø°°aø¥­Â  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°aø¥­ ¥ø21 ́·­ ̧

 ́2oa1⁄2·oao ·­  ̈ ̧a TMaÆß æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ËðäËÔÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈é­ 2± ̈

Æ·1 ̧ ̈Ê –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥a oa¥øß­ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©a¥¥ æao±Æa

 ̈ ̧a fi fl ·­ øæ¥a  ̈± Æ ́¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­é ø°°aø¥­Ú Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÌðäÌÔÂ ­aa ø¥­± ·oÚ ø ̈

ÓÍäÓÈ  ̄fi flé­  ̈·3a  ̈± ·­­ ́a ø Æ ́¥·21 Æa°Æa­a2 ̈­ ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ø  ̈ ̧·Æo ±o  ̈ ̧a fléøTMaÆø1a oa¥øß ·2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 ø2 ø°°aø¥ ±o ø Æø ̈·21­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ̃Ú Ã ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2­

æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥ Æaø1⁄2 ̧a­  ̈ ̧a fi fl øÆa ø¥­± o·2ø¥ ø2o 2±2ÆaTM·a©øæ¥aÙ a®1⁄2a° ̈

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ÷Œflé­ ç­°a1⁄2·ø¥·¶ao ÆaTM·a© °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå fiø ̈a­Ù ÌÁË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÌÍÏÂ ­aa °ÚÌ

­ ́°ÆøÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a ©a ¥ø1⁄2μ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2­ 1⁄2Æaø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a­a ø¥¥a1ao
°ø1a ÔÁ

oa¥øß­Ù ©a 1⁄2ø2é ̈ oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈øμa­  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø2 ø°°aø¥ ·­

 ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥aÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß aÆÆ­ © ̧a2 · ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ çy ÎÔÔ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ø2ß ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ±TMaÆ ø 1⁄2¥ø­­ ±o ¥a1ø¥ 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈±

èoa1⁄2·­·±2Å­Ãé Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß æaa2 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ËÔ

 ̄ø¥ ̈aÆø ̈·±2 ·2 ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ̃  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú –Æ·1⁄2aÙ Ã ̧±3ø­ ø2o fiÆ± ́oß  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈

­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a fl a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ ø2ß 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈

1⁄2ø2é ̈ oa1⁄2·oa ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ çoa ̈aÆ3·2Å·21Ã o·Æ­ ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a fl ø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2

 ̧ø2o¥·21 Å ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­Ã æa2ao· ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Úå Ã ̧±3ø­Ù ÌÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÁÈÏ  ̄Ø ́± ̈·21

–Æ·1⁄2aÙ ÓÓË ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÏÓÓ ̃Â ­aa ø¥­± fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚ Ã ̧a TMaÆß a­­a21⁄2a ±o

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é oa¥øß 1⁄2¥ø·3 ·­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl ­± 3·­ ̧ø2o¥ao TMa ̈aÆø2­é ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ oa°Æ·TMao  ̈ ̧a3 ±o ø °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú Õaa 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÎÁÙ ÁÔÚ ...a

1⁄2ø2é ̈ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·21 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a fl çø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ßå ø ̈

aø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈a° ·2 oa1⁄2·o·21  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± fiÆ± ́oß o±a­2é ̈  ̧a¥°  ̈ ̧a3 ø æ· ̈Ú –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̈ ̧aÆa

ø¥¥a1ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ 1⁄2±TMaÆÛ ́° ±o Æøo·ø ̈·±2  ̈a­ ̈ Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ oa2·ao  ̈ ̧a3 ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­Ú fiÆ± ́oßÙ ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔðÁäÔðÚ Ã ̧aß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ç·33ao·ø ̈a Æa¥aø­a ±o ø¥¥

Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ùå ø2 ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·21 ø2ß o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±TMaÆÛ ́°Ù

oø3ø1a­ ø2o Æa¥ø ̈ao Æa¥·aoÚ ×oÚ Ã ̧a ‹Ú›Ú ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̧øo ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ
°ø1a Óð

 ̈ ̧·­ oa2·ø¥ ±o ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­ ø1ø·2 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a –Æ·1⁄2aÛÃ ̧±3ø­ Æ ́¥aÚ 

Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚ –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ©aÆa2é ̈ çø­μ·21  ̈ ̧a ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ›± ́Æ ̈  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø2ß

±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧±­a 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ao Å©aÆaÃ a2 ̈· ̈¥ao  ̈± æa2ao· ̈­å ±Æ

ç ̈± ÆaTM·­· ̈ ø2ß oa1⁄2·­·±2 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ­a ±o 3øμ·21 æa2ao· ̈­

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­Úå ×oÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ o·o2é ̈ 2aao  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a fl

çø1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±°aÆ¥ß ·2  ̧ø2o¥·21 ÅøÃ æa2ao· ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Ùå  ̈ ̧a fl o·o2é ̈  ̧øTMa a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú ×oÚ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Ú

ÿaÆaÙ  ̈ ̧aÆaé­ 2± ©øß  ̈± øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈a °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈

ÆaTM·­· ̈·21  ̈ ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±23øμ·21Ú Õaa °°ÚÔÈäÔË ­ ́°ÆøÚ fiÆ± ́oß Æa1⁄2±12·¶ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈

·2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ­a ̈ ± ́ ̈ ·2 –Æ·1⁄2a ø2o Ã ̧±3ø­ 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a fl a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Õaa ÏÍð ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÔÎÚ Œø ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­ ́°°±Æ ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ °±­· ̈·±2Ù

fiÆ± ́oß ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß  ́2oaÆ3·2a­ · ̈Ú

Ã ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2ø­a ±2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß Æa¥·a­âÿø2¥·2 TMÚ À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ù ÓÔÏ

⁄ÚÌo ÔÌÔÁ  ̄⁄aoÚ ›·ÆÚ Óððð ̃â·­ a2 ̈·Æa¥ß ·2ø°°±­· ̈aÚ Ã ̧aÆaÙ ø2 ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß ­ ́ao  ̈ ̧a fl

o±Æ ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßé­ oaa­  ́2oaÆ ø æÆaø1⁄2 ̧ ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a±ÆßÚ ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÌÓðÚ Ã ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥

›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈  ̧a¥o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̧øo ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±TMaÆ  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·­ o ́¥¥ß 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧

 ̈ ̧a –Æ·1⁄2aÛÃ ̧±3ø­ Æ ́¥aÚ Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÔÌÓÓÚ Ã ̧a ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aß o·o2é ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a ø2ß ̈ ̧·21

øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­  ́2oaÆ¥ß·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥·a2 ̈é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­Ú 

Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÔÌÓðäÓÔÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a 1±TMaÆ2·21 ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßé­ oaa­ o·o2é ̈ o±Æ1⁄2a  ̧·3  ̈±
°ø1a ÓÔ

ÕaaÙ aÚ1ÚÙ Õ ̈Æa­­±Æ ‹a ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ –±­ ̈ ̈Æø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2 Õ ̈Æa­­ ‹·­±ÆoaÆÙ ÈÎ Ë

⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÌÁÙËÏÌÙ ÌÁÙËÏÁ  ̄÷ ́¥ß ÔÌÙ ÓðÔð ̃  ̄ ̈± æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈Ú Ì ̃

 ̄Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈·21 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ́­·21 °Æ·TMø ̈a o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈± Æaæ ́ ̈ fl

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2­ TM·±¥ø ̈a­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ̃Â fi±øÆo ±o a ̈aÆø2­é fl°°aø¥­Ê —æ ̈ø·2·21

° ́Æ­ ́a  ̧·­ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a flé­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ê ÿa  ̧øo  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·±2 ±o

­ ́·21 ·2 o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ÔÌÓÔäÓÓÂ ­aa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÁðÏ ̄o ̃Ú Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎÔÔ

 ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa o·o2é ̈ çÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± øooÆa­­ Å ̈ ̧a ø ̈ ̈±Æ2aßé­Ã 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø2o  ̈ ̧ ́­

Åo·oÃ 2± ̈ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a fl ©· ̈ ̧ a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Úå ÿø2¥·2Ù ÓÔÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÌÓÔÚ

–¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧aÆa Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± 1⁄2± ́¥o o·¥a  ̈ ̧a·Æ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ±2¥ß

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flÚ Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔðÔ ̄ø ̃  ̄çfl ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 1⁄2¥ø·3 ·2  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3 °Æa­1⁄2Æ·æao æß

 ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß Ú Ú Ú 3 ́­ ̈ æa o·¥ao ·2 ±ÆoaÆ o±Æ æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± æa °ø·o ±Æ o ́Æ2·­ ̧ao  ̈± ø2ß

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø©­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆßÚå ̃Ú ... ̧a2  ̈ ̧aß o·oÙ  ̈ ̧a fl

©ø­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æao a®1⁄2¥ ́­·TMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Õaa ÿø2¥·2Ù ÓÔÏ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÔÌÓÔ  ̄çÅÃÃ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a o·¥·21 ±o ø 1⁄2¥ø·3 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flÅÃÙ ÌË

ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎÔÔ ̄ø ̃ ·3°±­a­ ø o ́ ̈ß ±2  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß  ̈± oa1⁄2·oa ø¥¥ Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o oø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o

¥ø© 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø­aÚå ̃Ú

××

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2Æaø ̈a­ ø ­a1⁄2±2o 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl æß ·2­ ̈ø¥¥·21 ø o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

¶ ́o1a ø­ øÆæ· ̈aÆ ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ TM·±¥ø ̈a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Ã ̧a

 fl  ̧ø­ ø¥Æaøoß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o ́a  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø2o °Æ±3 ́¥1ø ̈ao Ë
°ø1a ÓÓ

¤TM·oa21⁄2a ø2o › ́Æ·21 –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ‹aoa1⁄2 ̈­ ...· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ Œa3ø2o·21Ù ÍÈ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÌðÁÁÙ

ÌÔðÔ  ̄÷ø2Ú ÓÌÙ ÓððÓ ̃  ̄ ̈± æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈­Ú ÔÁ ø2o Óð ̃  ̄ç...a  ̈ ̧·2μ  ̈ ̧·­

 ̈·3aÛ ̈a­ ̈ao ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥ øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß ­aÆTMa  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ æ± ̈ ̧ ·2 æa·21

 ̧aøÆo ø2o ·2 Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø °Æ±3° ̈ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2 ø°°aø¥Ú ×2 ­ ́3Ù ©a æa¥·aTMa ©a øÆa

°Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±o ø¥¥ ø°°a¥¥ø2 ̈­Úå ̃Â ...a¥¥Û1Æ± ́2oao

›¥ø·3­Ù ÍÏ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÍÈÙÎÓËÙ ÍÈÙÎÓË  ̄‹a1⁄2Ú ÓÙ ÔÁÁÁ ̃  ̄ ̈± æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈Ú

Ì ̃  ̄Æa1⁄2±12·¶·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç1ÆøTMa Ø ́a­ ̈·±2­ ±o o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2ø2 øÆ·­a ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø°°øÆa2 ̈

o·­°øÆø ̈a  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈å ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ çTM±¥ ́2 ̈ÅaaÆ·21 ±oÃ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aå  ̈± 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ ̃Â

›±3°a2­ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ›aÆ ̈ø·2 À2o·ø12±­ao ×¥¥2a­­a­Ù Íð ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÍÍÍðÙ ÍÍÍÌ  ̄⁄aæÚ ÌÙ

ÔÁÁÎ ̃  ̄ ̈± æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈Ú Ì ̃  ̄çÅÃÃ ̧±­a ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ø¥­±

°Æ±TM·oa o±Æ ø ÍðÛoøß °Æaoa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±o Ú Ú Ú ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈± ­øoa1 ́øÆo ø TMa ̈aÆø2éo ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Úå ̃Â fl°°aø¥­ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Â Œ ́¥a­ ±o –Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2aÙ ÎÏ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÌÏÙÌÌÏÙ

ÌÏÙÌÏÓ  ̄fl ́1Ú ÔËÙ ÔÁËÁ ̃  ̄ ̈± æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈­Ú ÔÏÙ ÔÁ ø2o Óð ̃  ̄a®°¥ø·2·21

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°aø¥ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ça2­ ́ÆaÅ­Ã  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̧øTMa

æaa2 øoaØ ́ø ̈aÙ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß ø­  ̈ ̧aß øooa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ÅTMa ̈aÆø2é­Ã o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈­å ̃Ú

Ã ̧a flé­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao  ̈± ç­a1⁄2 ́Æa ø ¶ ́­ ̈ ø2o Á

­°aaoß oa1⁄2·­·±2 ·2 aTMaÆß ø°°aø¥Ùå ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ y ÓðÚÔÙ °Æ±TM·oa oøÆ 3±Æa  ̧a¥°  ̈±

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈ ̧ø2 o± ± ́Æ 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈é­ Æ ́¥a­ ±o ø°°a¥¥ø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÚ fl TMa ̈aÆø2

3øß ·2· ̈·ø ̈a ø2 ø°°aø¥ æß o·¥·21 ø ç©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±33 ́2·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 Ú Ú Ú a®°Æa­­·21

o·­­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±Æ o·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈å ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2 çø2o ø oa­·Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈a­ ̈

 ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈Úå ×oÚ yy ÓðÚÓððÙ ÓðÚÓðÔÚ Ã ̧a fl ç3 ́­ ̈ Æaa®ø3·2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3 ø2o

oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±Æ oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ·­ ©øÆÆø2 ̈aoÚå ×oÚ y ÔÁÚÓÍ ̄ø ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2ø2 ø¥­± ø­μ  ̈±  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2 ÆaTM·a©ao æß ø 3±Æa ­a2·±Æ fl

±oo·1⁄2·ø¥Ú ×oÚ y ÌÚÓÍðð ̄ø ̃Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a fl 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa­ øo ̈aÆ ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æø ̈·21 ·­

1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ù · ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ ç°Æa°øÆa ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­aå  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2å ø ­ ́33øÆß

±o  ̈ ̧a aTM·oa21⁄2a ø2o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ¥ø©­Ù ç©· ̈ ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­Ùå ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa2·ø¥ ±o æa2ao· ̈­Ú ×oÚ yy ÔÁÚÓÍ ̄o ̃Ù ÔÁÚÓÁÚ Ã ̧a fl ©·¥¥  ̈ ̧a2 ­a2o  ̈ ̧a

Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø­a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ù © ̧± 1⁄2ø2  ́­a · ̈  ̈± o·¥a ø 3±Æa oa ̈ø·¥ao

çÕ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·TMa fl°°aø¥å ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ú ×oÚ yy ÔÁÚÌð ̄ø ̃Ù ÓðÚÓðÓÚ Ã ̧a o·2ø¥ ­ ̈a°

æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a fi fl æa1·2­ · ̈­ ÆaTM·a© ·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Œa1·±2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2a  ̈± 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2éø°°aø¥Ú ×oÚ y ÔÁÚÌÎÚ ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ç°Æ·3øÆ·¥ß o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø­ ø 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Å flÃ

 ̈± ·2­ ́Æa Å­·1⁄2Ã  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ø°°aø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̧øTMa æaa2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÚå 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21 ·2o±Æ3ø¥Ù 2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­a­Ú Õaa ·a ̈2ø3

 a ̈aÆø2­ ±o fl3ÚÙ ÎÁÁ ⁄ÚÌo ø ̈ ÍÎÍÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a© ±o fl Á
°ø1a ÓÌ

fl°°aø¥­ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Â Œ ́¥a­ ±o –Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2aÙ ÎÈ ⁄aoÚ Œa1Ú ÏðËËÙ ÏðÁÔ  ̄⁄aæÚ ÌÙ ÔÁÁÓ ̃  ̄ ̈±

æa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ø ̈ ÌË ›Ú⁄ÚŒÚ ° ̈­Ú ÔÏÙ ÔÁ ø2o Óð ̃Ú

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ø2ß© ̧aÆa æ ́ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ ›·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈Ú Õaa ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÎðÓÂ –Æa3·21aÆ

TMÚ –Æ·21⁄2·°·Ù ÏÓÓ ⁄ÚÌo ËÔÎÙ ËÓÔ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÎ ̃Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2ø2é ̈ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø¥­± ÆaTM·a©·21 · ̈­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o · ̈  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa ¥ø1⁄2μ­

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2øÆÆß ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ 3øÆ1⁄2 ̧·21 ±ÆoaÆ­Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß TMø·2¥ß ø ̈ ̈a3° ̈­  ̈± o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎðÓ æß 1⁄2 ̧øÆø1⁄2 ̈aÆ·¶·21

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ø­ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­  ̈± ç ̈ ̧a flé­ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ùå ø2o ç2± ̈ · ̈­ 1⁄2±o·o·ao

Æ ́¥a­Úå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÈË  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ ±3· ̈ ̈ao ̃Â ­aa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÈÈäÈË  ̄çÅ–¥ø·2 ̈·oo­Ã 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a

Ú Ú Ú ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± o·­1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a · ̈­ o ́ ̈ß  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ ·2 ø ­ ̧±Æ ̈ a2± ́1 ̧  ̈·3a  ̈±

øTM±·o oa°Æ·TM·21  ̈ ̧a3 ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±°aÆ ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Úå ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ø

o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø o·ooaÆa21⁄2aÊ ...aÆa  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± ±ÆoaÆ  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± a21ø1a

·2 ±Æ 1⁄2aø­a ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 1⁄2± ́Æ­a ±o 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a fl ©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa  ̈± 1⁄2±2o±Æ3 · ̈­

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈é­ ±ÆoaÆÚ Õaa “a ̧3aÆ TMÚ ÀÚÕÚ ‹a°é ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­

flooø·Æ­Ù ÏÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo ËÏÍÙ ËÍð  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÓððÈ ̃  ̄çÅÃÃ ̧a fl 1⁄2ø22± ̈  ́­ ́Æ°  ̈ ̧a °±©aÆ ±o ø

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2 ±ÆoaÆ · ̈  ̧ø­ ·­­ ́ao Ú Ú Ú ­·3°¥ß æß

·­­ ́·21 ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±ÆoaÆ ±Æ oa1⁄2¥·2·21  ̈± o±¥¥±© · ̈Úå ̃Ú ÿøo

°¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ ç­±¥a¥ß 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao  ̈ ̧a flé­ 2±2ÛÆa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̈Ùå  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈

1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø2o ± ́Æ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3·1 ̧ ̈  ̧øTMa ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ËÎËÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧aß o·o2é ̈Ê Ã ̧aß
°ø1a ÓÏ

1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21ao 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a flé­ a®·­ ̈·21 Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ a· ̈ ̧aÆ °aÆ3· ̈ ±Æ ÆaØ ́·ÆaÚ 

Ã ̧a·Æ ­ ́· ̈ ·­ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­ ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa æøÆÆao

æß ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÎðÓÚ

×××

¤TMa2 ·o ©a  ̧øo ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù °¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2¥ø·3­ ©± ́¥o oø·¥ ±2  ̈ ̧a

3aÆ· ̈­Ú Ã ̧a Õ ́°Æa3a ›± ́Æ ̈ a®°¥ø·2ao ·2 ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­ TMÚ “ø ̈·±2ø¥ fl­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2 ±o

Œøo·ø ̈·±2 Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æø¥ø21⁄2·21  ̈a­ ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±33±oø ̈a

›±21Æa­­é­ ­ ̈Æ±21Ù 1⁄2a2 ̈ ́Æ·a­Û±¥o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 TMa ̈aÆø2­é æa2ao· ̈­ ·2 ø

3ø22aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈é­ çø­ ·2o±Æ3ø¥ ø2o 2±2øoTMaÆ­øÆ·ø¥ ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚå ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÌÂ ­aa

·oÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÍ  ̄çÅÀÃ2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ”ø ̈ ̧a©­ TMÚ ¤¥oÆ·1a ø2ø¥ß­·­ 1Æaø ̈ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø ̈ ­ ̈øμa  ̧aÆaÚå ̃Â ­aa ø¥­± “ø ̈é¥ fl­­é2 ±o

Œøo·ø ̈·±2 Õ ́ÆTM·TM±Æ­ TMÚ ‹aÆ©·2­μ·Ù ÁÁÏ ⁄ÚÓo ÎËÌÙ ÎËËäËÁ  ̄Á ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÁÓ ̃

 ̄1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç·2 °ø­­·21  ̈ ̧a Å Ã÷Œfl ›±21Æa­­ Æaøoo·Æ3ao  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈é­

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈å ̃Ú ×2­ ̈ø¥¥·21 ø ¶ ́o1a ø­ ±TMaÆ­aaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ ø°°aø¥­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©·¥¥

 ́2Ø ́a­ ̈·±2øæ¥ß  ̧øÆ3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ê –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 3 ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa 3øμa çø2

a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß ­ ̈Æ±21 ­ ̧±©·21 ±o °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o aÆÆ±Æ  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æa­a2 ̈ ­ß­ ̈a3 Ú Ú Ú

 ̈± ©øÆÆø2 ̈ ø  ̧±¥o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Åø fl °Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÃ oa2·a­ 1⁄2¥ø·3ø2 ̈­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ±o ¥ø©Úå 

...ø¥ ̈aÆ­Ù ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÍÚ –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ oø·¥  ̈± 1⁄2¥aøÆ  ̈ ̧·­  ̧·1 ̧  ̧ ́Æo¥aÚ
°ø1a ÓÎ

flÚ ”a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÊ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ç°¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 ©ø· ̈·21

¥·­ ̈­ æß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ­å øÆa oa2·ao  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß a2 ̈· ̈¥a3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈·3a¥ß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

1⁄2øÆaÚ ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍÈÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a ç2± °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ·­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ øÆa °Æ±TM·oao ­±±2 a2± ́1 ̧  ̈± æa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMaÙå  ̈ ̧a ç3øÆ1·2ø¥

TMø¥ ́a ±o èøoo· ̈·±2ø¥é °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·­ a® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß  ̧·1 ̧Úå ×oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎÚ fi ́ ̈

‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μßÙ ø fl › ̧·ao ”ao·1⁄2ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao øæ± ́ ̈ ­aTMaÆø¥ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ a®·­ ̈·21

­øoa1 ́øÆo­Â  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 1⁄2Æao· ̈ao  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ßÚ fia1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß

3·­ ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o­  ̈ ̧·­ aTM·oa21⁄2aÙ × ­ ́33øÆ·¶a  ̈ ̧±­a ­øoa1 ́øÆo­ æa¥±©Ú

Ã ̧a flé­ 3±­ ̈ ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ ­øoa1 ́øÆo °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2ß TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧± ç­ ̧±©­  ́° ø ̈ ø

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ Ú Ú Ú ø2o a®°Æa­­a­ ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥ ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2­Úå ÿa ©·¥¥ æa çaTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao æß ø

2 ́Æ­a ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 ©± ́¥o æa ­aa2 ·2  ̈ ̧a a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß oa°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ æß ø ° ̧ß­·1⁄2·ø2Úå 

Õ ̧± ́¥o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2±3a  ̈± ø fl 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2Ù  ̧aé¥¥ çæa ­ ̧±©2  ̈± ø o±1⁄2 ̈±ÆåÂ ·o  ̧a ­°aøμç ̈± ø 2±2Û3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °aÆ­±22a¥Ù  ̈ ̧a2 Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧aß ©± ́¥o ÆaoaÆ Å ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2Ã  ̈± ø 2 ́Æ­aå

ø2o çÅ3Ã·1 ̧ ̈ æÆ·21  ̈ ̧a ÅTMa ̈aÆø2Ã  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß oa°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ̈ø¥

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆå ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2Ú Ã ̧a fl 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈­ ç­a1⁄2Æa ̈ ­ ̧±°°aÆå  ̈a­ ̈­ © ̧aÆa ø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­

°±­·21 ø­ ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥ TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈a­ ̈ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·33ao·ø ̈aÛ ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈

°±¥·1⁄2ßÚ
°ø1a ÓÍ

Ã ̧a flé­ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ ø2 ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õa1⁄2Æa ̈øÆß °Æa°øÆa­ Ôð

ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æa­·oa2 ̈ ø2o ›±21Æa­­Ú fl Œa°±Æ ̈ ø ̈ ×ÛÔÚ

“±Æ o±a­  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 2aao  ̈± ç©ø¥μÅÃ ·2 ̈± ø fl a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß Æ±±3 ±Æ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2Ùå

ø­  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍÍÚ ‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μß a®°¥ø·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·o ø TMa ̈aÆø2

1⁄2ø¥¥­  ́° ø2o a®°Æa­­a­ ø 2aao o±Æ 1⁄2øÆaÊ

fl 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧·21­ 1⁄2± ́¥o  ̧ø°°a2Ú Ã ̧a ÅTMa ̈aÆø2Ã 1⁄2± ́¥o æa ÆaoaÆÆao

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Å flé­Ã ­ ́·1⁄2·oa  ̧± ̈¥·2aÙ  ̈ ̧a Ëðð 2 ́3æaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈é­ ­a ̈  ́° æß

 ̈ ̧a ÿflÚ Ã ̧a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 1⁄2± ́¥o æa  ̈Æø2­oaÆÆao  ̈± ø 2 ́Æ­a ±Æ ø °Æ±TM·oaÆ

 ̈± ­°aøμ  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ø2o oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧ø ̈ ·­  ̧ø°°a2·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈

 ̈·3aÚ Ú Ú Ú Å×Ão · ̈é­ 2·1 ̧ ̈ ̈·3a Ú Ú Ú Ú Å ̈ ̧aÃ 1⁄2ø¥¥ ·­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± Åø flÃ 1⁄2ø¥¥

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆÙ © ̧aÆa ø2 Œ“ ÅÆa1·­ ̈aÆao 2 ́Æ­aÃ ©·¥¥ ø2­©aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥·2a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ßÙ

 ̈øμa ø °ø ̈·a2 ̈é­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2 ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 3øμa ø oa1⁄2·­·±2 ±2

Ú Ú Ú 1⁄2ø¥¥·21 ø °Æ±TM·oaÆ ±2 1⁄2ø¥¥ ±Æ  ̈øμ·21 1⁄2øÆa ±o  ̈ ̧aâ© ̧ø ̈aTMaÆ  ̧ø°°a2­

 ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a 2aao ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ßÚ

Ã ̧ ́­Ù TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± 1⁄2ø2é ̈ 3øμa · ̈  ̈± ø 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2 1⁄2ø2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ø2ß

 ̈·3aÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß a2 ̈·Æa¥ß ·12±Æa­  ̈ ̧a flé­ 2ø ̈·±2ø¥ ÓÏÒÈ ­ ́·1⁄2·oa °ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2

 ̧± ̈¥·2aÚ ×2 · ̈­ o·Æ­ ̈ ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­Ù  ̈ ̧·­  ̧± ̈¥·2a Æa1⁄2a·TMao ÓÍÙððð 1⁄2ø¥¥­ ø2o ÆaoaÆÆao ÓÙððð

TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± ø Õ ́·1⁄2·oa –ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 ›±±Æo·2ø ̈±ÆÚ Ã ̧a fl Æa°±Æ ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈­  ̧± ̈¥·2a

Æa1⁄2a·TMao ÓÍðÙððð 1⁄2ø¥¥­ ø2o Æa1⁄2±Æoao · ̈­ ÔðÙððð ̈ ̧ Æa­1⁄2 ́a øo ̈aÆ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ ±o

±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ú ‹a°é ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù ⁄« ÓðÔð –aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ø2o fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß

Œa°±Æ ̈ ø ̈ ×ÛÔÎ Å ̧aÆa·2øo ̈aÆ ç fl Œa°±Æ ̈åÃÚ flé­ “ø ̈·±2ø¥ Õ ́·1⁄2·oa –ÆaTMa2 ̈·±2 Ôð

›±±Æo·2ø ̈±Æ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2ø¥¥aÆ­ ø­Ê
°ø1a ÓÈ

Å–Ãa±°¥a © ̧± 1⁄2ø¥¥  ́­ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧aßéTMa ø¥Æaøoß  ̈øμa2 °·¥¥­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧aß  ̧øTMa ø

1 ́2 ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ̧ø2o­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧aßéÆa ­ ̈ø2o·21 ±2 ø æÆ·o1aÚ Ú Ú Ú Ã ̧a­a øÆa  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2ø¥¥­ © ̧aÆa ©a 1⁄2ø2é ̈ ©ø· ̈Ú ...a 1⁄2ø¥¥ a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈

ø©øßÚ Ú Ú Ú ÅÃÃ ̧·­ ±2a 1⁄2ø¥¥ ·­  ̈ ̧a·Æ ¥ø­ ̈ Æa­±Æ ̈Ú

×oÚ Ã ̧a  ̧± ̈¥·2a ·­ ø2 aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈±±¥ o±Æ oa¥·TMaÆ·21 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± øÆa

 ́2©·¥¥·21 ±Æ  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3a  ̈± ø 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2Ù ±Æ © ̧± ­ ́ooaÆ ø 1⁄2Æ·­·­ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a·Æ

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥ao ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Ú

 a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± o±2é ̈ 2aao a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2øÆa øÆa °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao æß ø °±¥·1⁄2ß ­a ̈ ± ́ ̈ ·2

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß ”a3± ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç ̈ ̧±­a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ © ̧± a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­a¥o ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ Åø

3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Ã ±Æ ©aÆa 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ao o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Ú Ú Ú  ̧øTMa ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÓÏ  ̧± ́Æ­ ø2o Ú Ú Ú æa ­aa2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÏ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2· ̈·ø¥

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2Úå ‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μß  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧·­ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ 3a ̈  ̈ ̧a ÓÏÛ ̧± ́Æ Æ ́¥a çøæ± ́ ̈

Íð  ̈± Ëð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈å ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ø2o ço± TMaÆß ©a¥¥ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÔÏ oøß ø1⁄21⁄2a­­

1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈Ùå ©· ̈ ̧ 3±­ ̈ oa¥øß­ çæø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2é­ 1⁄2 ̧±·1⁄2aÊ ©±Æμ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­Ù

oø3·¥ß 2aao­Úå Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́­a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ç fl ¥ø1⁄2μ­ ø2ß 3a ̈ ̧±o  ̈±

a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2aå ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a °±¥·1⁄2·a­ ­ß­ ̈a3©·oaÙ 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍÁÙ æ ́ ̈ °¥ø·2 ̈·ooo·o2é ̈ °Æ±o ́1⁄2a aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fl oø·¥ao  ̈± o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a °±¥·1⁄2ßÚ Ã ̧a aTM·oa21⁄2a ·2

 ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo ­ ̧±©·21 ¥±21aÆ ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­ ·­ oÆ±3 ”øß ÓððÈÙ ±2a 3±2 ̈ ̧ æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a

⁄aa¥aß ”a3± ©ø­ ·­­ ́aoÚ Ã ̧aÆa ·­ 2± aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3±­ ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ øÆa2é ̈ ­aa2

©· ̈ ̧·2 ÓÏ  ̧± ́Æ­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧aß ·2· ̈·ø ̈a ø ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø ̈·±2Ú
°ø1a ÓË

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ø¥­± ­aa3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧·2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈ ̧a

 ̈·3·21 ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ú Õaa ·oÚ ø ̈ ÍÎäÍÍ  ̄çÅ Ãa ̈aÆø2­

© ̧±­a oa¥øßao 1⁄2øÆa ­ ̈a3­ oÆ±3 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa oa1⁄2·­·±2­  ̧øTMa 2± Æ·1 ̧ ̈ Ú Ú Ú  ̈± ·2­·­ ̈

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß æa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao æß ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ Ú Ú Ú Úå ̃Ú “± ̈  ̈Æ ́aÚ –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­é

¥ø©ßaÆ °Æ±°±­ao  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21  ̧ß°± ̈ ̧a ̈·1⁄2ø¥  ̈± ‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μßÊ

×o ø TMa ̈aÆø2 ­ ̧±©­  ́°  ̈± ±2a ±o ß± ́Æ 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2­ ø2o ­øß­Ù ç...a¥¥Ù ×é3 2± ̈

oaa¥·21  ̈±± ©a¥¥Ù ×  ̈ ̧·2μ × 2aao  ̈± ­°aøμ  ̈± ­±3a±2aÙå ø2o ·o  ̈ ̧a °aÆ­±2

 ̈ ̧aÆa  ̈a¥¥­  ̈ ̧a3Ù ç...a¥¥Ù ©a o±2é ̈  ̧øTMa ø2ß ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ Æ·1 ̧ ̈ 2±©Ù

© ̧ß o±2é ̈ ß± ́ 1⁄2±3a æø1⁄2μ ·2 ­·® ©aaμ­Ùå © ̧ø ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈± o±·

‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μß  ̈a­ ̈·o·aoÊ

Ã ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o2é ̈  ̧ø°°a2Ú fl­ oøÆ ø­ ×é3 ø©øÆaÙ ×  ̧øTMa 2± ̈  ̧aøÆo ø2ß

·21⁄2·oa2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧ø°°a2·21Ú ... ̧ø ̈ ß± ́ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa ·­ ø 1⁄2¥aÆμ 3øμ·21 ø

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ oa1⁄2·­·±2Ú Ú Ú Ú Ã ̧ø ̈ ÅTMa ̈aÆø2Ã ©± ́¥o æa ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø 2 ́Æ­a © ̧±

1⁄2± ́¥o  ̈Æ·ø1a  ̈ ̧a °ø ̈·a2 ̈ ø2o 3øμa ø oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧aß

©aÆa 3ao·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ­øoa ±Æ °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ­øoaÚ  ̄¤3° ̧ø­·­ øooaoÚ ̃

–¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ 2aTMaÆ Æaæ ́ ̈ ̈ao  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ßÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1a ̈­  ̈ ̧a ±ÆoaÆ ±o aTMa2 ̈­ æø1⁄2μ©øÆo­Ê ”ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈øoo ­aa  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2 o·Æ­ ̈Ù ø2o ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a2 o±a­  ̧a ­°aøμ  ̈± ø2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ  ̈± ­a ̈  ́°

ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈± æa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a æß  ̈ ̧a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥

°Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥Ú fl­  ̈ ̧a Ø ́± ̈ao °øÆø1Æø° ̧­ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈aÙ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ̈øoo o± 2± ̈  ̈ ́Æ2

ø©øß TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ©ø2 ̈  ̈± ­°aøμ ©· ̈ ̧ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °aÆ­±22a¥Ú “±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ça®ø3°¥a­å
°ø1a ÓÁ

–¥ø·2 ̈·oo­ °Æ±TM·oao a·1 ̧ ̈ Æaoø1⁄2 ̈ao oa1⁄2¥øÆø ̈·±2­ æß TMa ̈aÆø2­ ­ ́ooaÆ·21 oÆ±3 ÔÔ

–ÃÕ‹ ±Æ oÆ·a2o­ ø2o oø3·¥ß ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2· ̈a­

 ̈©± ±o  ̈ ̧a­aÙ æ ́ ̈ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥¥ß ­ ̈ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ­ ̈øoo oa2·ao

3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆaÚ ›±2 ̈Æø 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍÈÚ ×2 ±2aÙ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ©a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a3aÆ1a21⁄2ß

Æ±±3 æ ́ ̈ oa1⁄2·oao 2± ̈  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ·2 øo ̈aÆ çø TMa ̈aÆø2 ·2  ̈ ̧a ©ø· ̈·21 Æ±±3  ̈±¥o 3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈

Å· ̈Ã ©ø­ o ́¥¥ ±o  ̧øÆo1⁄2±Æa oÆ ́1Ûøoo·1⁄2 ̈­Úå a ̈aÆø2 Ô ‹a1⁄2¥Ú j ÔÏ  ̄2ø3a Æaoø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a

Æa1⁄2±Æo ̃Ú Ã ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ¥ø ̈aÆ o·Æao  ̈©± fl °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·­ ̈­Ê  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a ­ ̧a ­ ̈±°°ao

°Æa­1⁄2Æ·æ·21  ̧·3 ø  ̧·1 ̧¥ß øoo·1⁄2 ̈·TMa ­¥aa° ø·oÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o æa1⁄2ø ́­a ­ ̧a o·o2é ̈

Æaøo  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ °­ß1⁄2 ̧·ø ̈Æ·­ ̈é­ 2± ̈a­Ú ×oÚ jj ÔËäÔÁÚ Ã ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o TMa ̈aÆø2 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao

­ ́·1⁄2·oa øo ̈aÆ æa·21 oa2·ao ·2°ø ̈·a2 ̈  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ø ̈ ø fl  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ æa1⁄2ø ́­a ç ̈ ̧aÆa ©aÆa

2± æao­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aåÂ ±2a ç­ ̈øoo 3a3æaÆå ­ø·o ç ̧a o·o2é ̈  ̧øTMa  ̈·3a  ̈± ­aaå  ̈ ̧a

TMa ̈aÆø2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oøß æ ́ ̈  ̧a ç­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2ø¥¥ æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈ oøßÚå ”± ̈ ̧aÆ Ô ‹a1⁄2¥Ú jj ËäÔð

 ̄2ø3a Æaoø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo ̃Ú Ã ̧a flé­ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2øÆa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 ©øo ́a  ̈± ø ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆÚ

—2a ±o  ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2¥øÆø2 ̈­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao  ̧·­ 1⁄2øÆa ø­ ç ̧a¥°o ́¥å ø2o ­ ̈ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧·­ fl

1⁄2± ́2­a¥±Æ  ̧a¥°ao  ̧·3 øTM±·o ­ ́·1⁄2·oaÚ a ̈aÆø2 Ó ‹a1⁄2¥Ú jj ÔðÙ ÔÌÚ Ã ̧Æaa ±o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ

oa1⁄2¥øÆø2 ̈­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao oa2·ø¥­ ±o 1⁄2øÆa æß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈øooÚ ÿaÆaé­ © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß ­ø·oÙ ©· ̈ ̧

2ø3a­ Æaoø1⁄2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æo ø2o a3° ̧ø­·­ øooaoÊ çÃ ̧a fl o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ oø·¥ao  ̈±

ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a Ú Ú Ú 3ß æÆ± ̈ ̧aÆé­ æa ̧øTM·±Æ ø2o ­ ́·1⁄2·oø¥ ·2 ̈a2 ̈ Ú Ú Ú ø2o oø·¥ao  ̈± 3øμa

aTMaÆß aoo±Æ ̈  ̈±  ̈Æaø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̧·­ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2Úå Õ·­ ̈aÆ Ô ‹a1⁄2¥Ú j ÔÁÚ çÅÿÃa ©ø­

°Æa­1⁄2Æ·æao 3ao·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø¥¥±©ao  ̈± ­aa ø  ̈ ̧aÆø°·­ ̈ ±21⁄2a °aÆ 3±2 ̈ ̧Úå Ÿ·Æ¥oÆ·a2o

Ô ‹a1⁄2¥Ú j ÏÚ çÅÃÃ ̧a ”øÆ·2a ›±Æ°­ o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ©± ́¥o 2± ̈ ±ÆoaÆ ø2 ”Œ× ±Æ ø ›flÃ Õ1⁄2ø2Ù

Ú Ú Ú ø2o ±2¥ß 1øTMa  ̧·3 2øÆ1⁄2± ̈·1⁄2 °ø·2 3ao·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ Ú Ú Ú Úå fiÆ± ̈ ̧aÆ Ô ‹a1⁄2¥Ú j ÔÌÚ —2a

TMa ̈aÆø2 ©ø­  ́2 ̧ø°°ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a oÆaØ ́a21⁄2ß ±o  ̧·­ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ø2o  ̧·­ 1⁄2øÆaÛ1·TMaÆ­é

Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù æ ́ ̈  ̧a o·o2é ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø fl øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ oa2·ao  ̧·3 3±Æa

oÆaØ ́a2 ̈ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­Ú Õaa a ̈aÆø2 Ï ‹a1⁄2¥Ú j ÔðÚ fl2o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ oa1⁄2¥øÆø2 ̈ o·o oø¥¥

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æø1⁄2μ­ ø2o ©ø· ̈ao 3ø2ß 3±2 ̈ ̧­ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÙ æ ́ ̈  ̧a ø¥­±

o·o2é ̈ 1⁄2¥ø·3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø fl øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ̈øooaÆ oa2·ao ø ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø2 aøÆ¥·aÆ

ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Ú Õaa a ̈aÆø2 Ì ‹a1⁄2¥Ú jj ÔÎäÔÁÚ ×2 2±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a­a a®ø3°¥a­ o·o ø fl

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ oa2ß ø TMa ̈aÆø2é­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ

±Æ ç­ ̈±ÆÅ·a­Ãå  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2· ̈a­ 1⁄2±3a ø2ß© ̧aÆa 2aøÆ °Æ±TM·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

­ ̈øoo oa2ß 2aaoao 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­ÚÔÔ
°ø1a Ìð

‹ÆÚ ” ́Æø©­μß  ̈a­ ̈·o·ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a ø TMa ̈aÆø2 © ̧± ­ ̧±©­  ́° ø ̈ ø 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2 ©·¥¥

 ̧øTMa ç­°±μaÅ2Ã  ̈± ø 2 ́Æ­aÙå  ̧a ç©± ́¥o  ̧øTMa  ̧øo ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥  ̈Æ·ø1a ±Æ ø oa1⁄2·­·±2

3øoaÚå Õ ̧± ́¥o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o·­ø1Æaa © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́Æ­a  ̈a¥¥­  ̧·3Ù çè«± ́ øÆa Ú Ú Ú ­øoa  ̈±

©ø· ̈é o±Æ  ̧±©aTMaÆ ¥±21 · ̈ 3·1 ̧ ̈ æaÙ Ú Ú Ú  ̈ ̧a2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a Æ·1 ̧ ̈  ̈± ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧ø ̈

oa1⁄2·­·±2å æß ­øß·21Ù ç× ©ø2 ̈ ø2 aøÆ¥·aÆ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈Úå  ̄×2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­

±3· ̈ ̈aoÚ ̃ Ã ̧·­ ·­ a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ø­ ­øß·21Ù ç× o·­ø1Æaa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a oa1⁄2·­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈

· ̈é­ ±μøß o±Æ 3a  ̈± ©ø· ̈Â ×é3 2± ̈ ø¥¥ Æ·1 ̧ ̈Úå  ̄×2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ Ø ́± ̈ø ̈·±2 3øÆμ­ ±3· ̈ ̈aoÚ ̃

 a ̈aÆø2­ o±2é ̈ aTMa2  ̧øTMa  ̈± o·¥a ø2 ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­Â  ̈ ̧aß 1⁄2ø2 ­aaμ  ̈ ̧a

 ̧a¥° ±o ø –ø ̈·a2 ̈ floTM±1⁄2ø ̈aÙ © ̧± ©·¥¥ 1⁄2 ̧ø3°·±2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2ø ́­a ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a flÚ flø2ß±2a © ̧±é­ æaa2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̧±­°· ̈ø¥ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß μ2±©­Ù  ̧øTM·21 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø2 øoTM±1⁄2ø ̈a 1⁄2ø2 æa

·2TMø¥ ́øæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a flé­ –ø ̈·a2 ̈ floTM±1⁄2ø ̈a­ øÆa a· ̈ ̧aÆ ±2­· ̈a ±Æ Æaø1⁄2 ̧øæ¥a æß ° ̧±2aÂ

 ̈ ̧aß ©·¥¥ ø°°aø¥  ̈ ̧a 2 ́Æ­a ±Æ o±1⁄2 ̈±Æé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2  ́°  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø·2 ±o 1⁄2±33ø2oÙ ø2oÙ

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± fl °±¥·1⁄2ßÙ ­a2·±Æ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈øoo 3 ́­ ̈ Æa­°±2o ç©· ̈ ̧·2 ­aTMa2 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ

oøß­ Ú Ú Ú  ̈± ø °ø ̈·a2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥ø·2 ̈Úå ×o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2 o·­ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa­°±2­aÙ  ̧a 1⁄2ø2

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a  ̈± ø°°aø¥Ù ø­μ·21 o±Æ ø  ̈ ̧·Æo ±°·2·±2Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ 1·TM·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°·2·±2

3øß æÆ·21 ·2 ø 2±2Û fl ­°a1⁄2·ø¥·­ ̈Ú

›Æaø ̈·21 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­a­ o±Æ ÆaTM·a©·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21

oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ©± ́¥o æa °±·2 ̈¥a­­Ú a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± ÆaØ ́·Æa ·33ao·ø ̈a 1⁄2øÆa 1⁄2ø2 ©ø¥μ ·2 ̈±

ø 1⁄2¥·2·1⁄2Ù  ̈a¥¥ ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥  ̧±©  ̈ ̧aß oaa¥ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ° ̧±2a ±Æ 1⁄2ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a ÓÏÒÈ
°ø1a ÌÔ

­ ́·1⁄2·oa  ̧± ̈¥·2aÚ Õaa °ÚÓÍ ­ ́°ÆøÚ a ̈aÆø2­ © ̧± o±2é ̈ 2aao ·33ao·ø ̈a 1⁄2øÆa ø2o

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ o·Æ­ ̈ 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ øÆa °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ⁄aa¥aß

”a3±é­ °±¥·1⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈©a2 ̈ßÛo± ́Æ  ̧± ́Æ­ ø2o

æa ­aa2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 o± ́Æ ̈aa2 oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2Ú Õaa °Ú ÓÈ ­ ́°ÆøÚ fl2o o±Æ ±21±·21

1⁄2øÆaÙ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ ­a ̈ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈± æa

­øoa æß  ̈ ̧a 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈øooÚ ›±2 ̈Æø 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍÍäÍÈÚ ×o ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ ­øß­

· ̈é­ —’  ̈± ©ø· ̈ ­·® ©aaμ­Ù · ̈ 3øμa­ 2± o·ooaÆa21⁄2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ ­a ̈­  ́° ø2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ ·2  ̈©± ©aaμ­ ±Æ o± ́ÆÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ­a ̈  ́° ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈

oaTM·ø ̈a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ 2 ́Æ­aé­ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈Ù æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ±2¥ß aTM·oa21⁄2a · ̈

1⁄2· ̈a­ øÆa ø ÓððÎ Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a flé­ °Æ±1Æa­­ ·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ­aTMaÆø¥ –ÃÕ‹

 ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ °Æ±1Æø3­ ø2o ø ÓððÈ ø ́o· ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a flé­ 1a2aÆø¥ ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­Ú 

×oÚ ø ̈ ÍËäÍÁÚ Ã ̧a ÓððÎ –ÃÕ‹  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈ o·o2é ̈ øooÆa­­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ø2o ·­ ­·® ßaøÆ­ ± ́ ̈ ±o oø ̈aÙ ·2 ø2ß aTMa2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ÓððÈ ø ́o· ̈  ̧ø­ 2± oø ̈ø ±Æ

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2­ ±2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ©ø· ̈  ̈·3a­Ú × ̈ çÆaTM·a©ao ø 2±2ÛÆø2o±3 ­ø3°¥a ±o

Èðð ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ Ú Ú Ú Æa°±Æ ̈ao ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­ ±o Ìð oøß­ ±Æ ¥a­­å ø2o

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­é ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈a Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21 ø2o ç­±3a è1ø3·21é ±o  ̈ ̧a

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­å o±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­ Æa2oaÆao  ́2Æa¥·øæ¥a  ̈ ̧a flÛ
°ø1a ÌÓ

Ã ̧a ø ́o· ̈ o± ́2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ù o ́a  ̈± o·ooaÆa21⁄2a­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ oø ̈a ÔÓ

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a 2 ́Æ­a ±Æ o±1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ oø ̈a ­ ̧±©2 ·2  ̈ ̧a

 flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3­Ù ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­ ©aÆa ±TMaÆÆa°±Æ ̈ao ·2 ÓÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈­ ø2o

 ́2oaÆÆa°±Æ ̈ao ·2 ÏÈ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a3Ú Ã ̧a fl 1⁄2¥ø·3ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a

o·ooaÆa21⁄2a­ 1⁄2± ́¥o çæa ø ̈ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈ao  ̈± °ø ̈·a2 ̈ °ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ø°°±·2 ̈3a2 ̈ oø ̈a­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·ooaÆ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a Æa1⁄2±33a2oao æß 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±TM·oaÆ­Úå fi ́ ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­ ±o ̈a2 oø·¥ao  ̈± 2± ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a flé­ ­ß­ ̈a3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̈aÆø2  ̧øo ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ø

o·ooaÆa2 ̈ oø ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2± ́¥o2é ̈ TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a flé­ 1⁄2¥ø·3Ú Ã ̧a o·ooaÆa21⁄2a­ ©aÆa

ç ́2a®°¥ø·2aoÙå 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍËÙ ±2¥ß æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a fl 1⁄2± ́¥o2é ̈ °Æ±o ́1⁄2a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧

2± ̈ø ̈·±2­Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ø¥­± Ø ́± ̈a­ ø oÆø13a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ ø ́o· ̈ ÔÌ

oa­1⁄2Æ·æ·21 ø2 aøÆ¥·aÆ ÓððÎ ø ́o· ̈ ±o ± ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­Ú Õaa 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÍËÚ 

Ã ̧ø ̈ ø ́o· ̈  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a o¥ø©­ ø­  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ ø ́o· ̈ ø2o ·­ aØ ́ø¥¥ß  ́2 ̧a¥°o ́¥Ú Õaa

1a2aÆø¥¥ß ‹a°é ̈ ±o a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù —oo·1⁄2a ±o ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ Ÿa2aÆø¥Ù “±Ú ðÏÛðÓËËÈÛ

ÔÍÁÙ fl ́o· ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2é­ — ́ ̈°ø ̈·a2 ̈ Õ1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21

–Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̄ÓððÎ ̃Ú

1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oø ̈ø ±2 ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ©ø· ̈·21 ¥·­ ̈­Ú 

ÔÓ

Ã ̧·­ °Æ±TMa­ ø ̈ 3±­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥øÆ1a ­ß­ ̈a3­ ·2TM±¥TM·21 3ø2ß °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø2 ̈­ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±

±1⁄21⁄2ø­·±2ø¥ 1¥· ̈1⁄2 ̧a­Â · ̈ 1⁄2±3a­ 2±© ̧aÆa 2aøÆ °Æ±TM·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÆ­

­ß­ ̈a3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß oa¥øß TMa ̈aÆø2­é 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3

©ø· ̈  ̈·3a oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß ø 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥ÚÔÌ

Ã ̧a fl  ̧ø­ Æ±¥¥ao ± ́ ̈ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥aÙ ±TMaÆ¥ø°°·21 ­øoa1 ́øÆo­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈

TMa ̈aÆø2­ Æa1⁄2a·TMa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ 1⁄2øÆaÚ Ã ̧a aTM·oa21⁄2a ­ ̧±©­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a

­øoa1 ́øÆo­Ù © ̧·¥a 2± ̈ °aÆoa1⁄2 ̈Ù ©±Æμ Æaø­±2øæ¥ß ©a¥¥Ú –¥ø·2 ̈·oo­  ̧øTMa oø·¥ao  ̈± ­ ̧±©

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø2 ça® ̈Æø±Æo·2øÆ·¥ß ­ ̈Æ±21 ­ ̧±©·21 ±o °Æ±æøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o

aÆÆ±ÆÚå ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa­  ́­ oÆ±3 o·2o·21 ø o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ú
°ø1a ÌÌ

fiÚ ‹·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ê Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ·­ ç°øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß o± ́æ ̈o ́¥å  ̈ ̧ø ̈

çø2ß 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o ¶ ́­ ̈·oßå  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a oa¥øß­ ·2 øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·21

TMa ̈aÆø2­é o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2¥ø·3­Ú ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ËÁ  ̄a3° ̧ø­·­ øooao ̃Ú fi ́ ̈ ...ø¥ ̈aÆ­  ̧±¥o­

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©a 3 ́­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo ç1⁄2±2­·oaÆøæ¥a ¥aa©øß  ̈±å ›±21Æa­­é­ ¶ ́o13a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a®·­ ̈·21

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ TMa ̈aÆø2­ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ·­μ ±o aÆÆ±2a± ́­ oa°Æ·TMø ̈·±2Ú 

ÏÈÌ ÀÚÕÚ ø ̈ ÌÓÍÚ ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­2é ̈ æaa2 ­ ̧ß øæ± ́ ̈ ·3°±­·21 Æ ́¥a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈±

øooÆa­­ °aÆ1⁄2a·TMao oø·¥ ́Æa­ ·2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­Ú Õaa “a ̧3aÆÙ ÏÁÏ ⁄ÚÌo

ø ̈ ËÏÁ  ̄o·­1⁄2 ́­­·21 ›±21Æa­­é­ a2ø1⁄2 ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 ­·3°¥·oß·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2¥ø·3­

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ fl1a2 ̈ —Æø21aÛ1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈ao ø·¥3a2 ̈­ ̃Â ­aa ø¥­± ÌË ÀÚÕÚ›Ú y ÔÔÔÓ ̄æ ̃

 ̄o±Æ3aÆ –—...­ ̃Â ·oÚ yy ÔÔÔÓ ̄1⁄2 ̃  ̄Æøo·ø ̈·±2 ̃Â ·oÚ yy ÔÔÔÈäÔË  ̄Ÿ ́¥o ...øÆ TMa ̈aÆø2­é

·¥¥2a­­a­ ̃Ú fi ́ ̈ · ̈ ·3°±­ao 2± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Æ ́¥a­ ±2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ÛÆa¥ø ̈ao o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

æa2ao· ̈­Ù 2±Æ o·o · ̈ ·3°±­a ø2ß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2a ±2  ̈ ̧a flé­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­·21 ±o

ø°°aø¥­Ú 

›±21Æa­­ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß  ̧øo ø2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈±  ̈·1 ̧ ̈a2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a fléøo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ © ̧a2 · ̈ °ø­­ao  ̈ ̧a a ̈aÆø2­é

fia2ao· ̈­ fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÓðÔðÙ – ́æÚ ‘Ú “±Ú ÔÔÔÛÓÈÎÙ ÔÓÏ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÓËÍÏÚ fi ́ ̈ · ̈ o·o2é ̈Ê Ã ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈

Æa¥ø®a­ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a­ o±Æ 1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·21 o·­øæ·¥· ̈·a­ 1⁄2ø ́­ao æß ø ÃÆø ́3ø ̈·1⁄2 fiÆø·2

×2¶ ́Æß  ̄Ãfi× ̃Ú ×oÚ y ÍðÔ ̄æ ̃Ù ÔÓÏ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ø ̈ ÓËËÏÚ Ãfi× ·­ 1⁄2±33±2¥ß ¥·2μao  ̈± –ÃÕ‹

ø2o oa°Æa­­·±2Â  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›±21Æa­­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß øooÆa­­ao ±2a æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·­ ­ ̈Æ±21
°ø1a ÌÏ

Ã ̧·­ ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ©± ́¥o2é ̈ æa °±­­·æ¥a ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈­ ›±21Æa­­ ±ÆoaÆao ÔÏ

 ̈ ̧a fl ø2o Ÿfl—  ̈± °Æ±o ́1⁄2aÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a ø ́o· ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ÓððÎ –ÃÕ‹

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ”øß ÓððÈ Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ©ø· ̈·21  ̈·3a­Ú 

fl2o ›±21Æa­­ 1⁄2ø2 ø2o o±a­ ­ ́æ°±a2ø a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa ø1a21⁄2ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ © ̧a2  ̈ ̧aÆaé­ ø

1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa æÆø21⁄2 ̧ ·­  ̧·o·21 ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú Õaa ÷±­ ̧

aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›±21Æa­­ o±a­2é ̈ ©ø2 ̈  ́­  ̈± ·3°±­a ± ́Æ ±©2 Æa3ao·a­Ú Õaa ÿa1⁄2μ¥aÆ

TMÚ ‹øßÙ ÏÍÈ ÀÚÕÚ ÔðÏÙ ÔÔÔäÔÓ  ̄ÔÁËÏ ̃Ú

... ̧a2 ›±21Æa­­  ̧ø­ ç1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3·21 ±o  ̧aøÆ·21­ ø2o ÆaTM·a©­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a

o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧aå ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ç1⁄2± ́Æ ̈­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa  ̧a­· ̈ø2 ̈  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa Åøoo· ̈·±2ø¥

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ÃÚå ...Æ·1 ̧ ̈ TMÚ ›ø¥·oø2±Ù ÎËÈ ⁄ÚÓo ÌÏÎÙ ÌÎÌ  ̄È ̈ ̧ ›·ÆÚ ÔÁÈË ̃Ú Ã ̧ø ̈é­

°øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥øÆ¥ß  ̈Æ ́a © ̧aÆaÙ ø­  ̧aÆaÙ  ̈ ̧a oa¥øß­ øÆa ­ß­ ̈a3©·oa ø2o ç ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ±o ø

 ̈Æa3a2o± ́­ a®°¥±­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o 1⁄2¥ø·3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa  ̧øo  ̈± æa °Æ±1⁄2a­­aoÚå ×oÚÂ

­aa 3ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÔÔÚ ›±21Æa­­ ø¥Æaøoß a®aÆ1⁄2·­a­ TM·1±Æ± ́­ ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ · ̈­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈±  ̧±¥o  ̧aøÆ·21­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ú Õaa ‹a°é ̈ ±o

 a ̈aÆø2­ flooø·Æ­Ù fl Ãa­ ̈·3±2ß æao±Æa ›±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ›±33· ̈ ̈aa­Ù  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ

©©©ÚTMøÚ1±TMÒ±1⁄2øÒ ̈a­ ̈·3±2ßÒ ̈a­ ̈·3±2ß£·2oa®Úø­°  ̄¥ø­ ̈ TM·­· ̈ao ”øÆÚ ÓÍÙ ÓðÔÔ ̃

 ̄1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ÿ± ́­a ø2o Õa2ø ̈a  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ß æß fl ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­ ̃Ú fia1⁄2ø ́­a ›±21Æa­­ ·­

ø¥Æaøoß ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ øooø·Æ­Ù ç°Æ±1Æø33ø ̈·1⁄2 ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­å

­ ̧± ́¥o æa 3øoa ç·2  ̈ ̧a ±oo·1⁄2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a Å flÃ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̧ø¥¥­ ±o ›±21Æa­­Ùå 2± ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧

¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2Ú ‘ ́¶ø2 TMÚ “ø ̈é¥ ...·¥o¥·oa ⁄aoé2Ù ÏÁÈ ÀÚÕÚ ËÈÔÙ ËÁÔ  ̄ÔÁÁð ̃Â ­aa ø¥­±

ÿa1⁄2μ¥aÆ TMÚ ›ø3°æa¥¥Ù ÏÍÔ ÀÚÕÚ ÏÎËÙ ÏÍÍäÍÈ  ̄ÔÁËÌ ̃ÚÔÏ
°ø1a ÌÎ

› ̧øoa ̈¶Ù ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa fiÆø21⁄2 ̧ ›±2 ̈a3° ̈ ±o ›±21Æa­­Ù ÈÍ ÀÚ › ̧·Ú ‘Ú ŒaTMÚ ÔðËÌÙ

ÔÔÌÓäÏÌ  ̄ÓððÁ ̃Ú × ̈é­  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ç1a ̈­ °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ Æaø¥· ̈ß a®ø1⁄2 ̈¥ß æø1⁄2μ©øÆo­Úå 

”ø¶Ú ±° ø ̈ ÎÁ 2ÚÓÈÚ

Ã ̧a fl ·2 · ̈­ ¥ø­ ̈ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆ °Æ±TM·oao ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± ÁðÙððð  ̧±3a¥a­­ ÔÎ

TMa ̈aÆø2­Ù °ø·o ao ́1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­  ̈±  ̧ ́2oÆao­ ±o  ̈ ̧± ́­ø2o­ ±o ­aÆTM·1⁄2a 3a3æaÆ­Ù

Æa­aÆTM·­ ̈­ ø2o oø3·¥ß 3a3æaÆ­Ù 3ø2ø1ao È 3·¥¥·±2 ¥·oa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a °±¥·1⁄2·a­Ù °ø·o o±Æ

TM±1⁄2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Æa ̧øæ·¥· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ÔðÈÙððð °a±°¥aÙ 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aao ÌÔÏÙððð  ̧± ́­·21 ¥±ø2­

ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2ao ¶ ́­ ̈ ±TMaÆ Ì 3·¥¥·±2 1ÆøTMa­Ú fl Œa°±Æ ̈ ø ̈ ×ÛÌÙ ×ÛÈÙ ×ÛÓÏÚ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ øoTMa2 ̈ ́Æ·­3 ·­ a®1⁄2aao·21¥ß  ̈Æ± ́æ¥·21 æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a fl

·­ 2± ±Æo·2øÆß ø1a21⁄2ßÊ × ̈ °Æ±TM·oa­ 3ao·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2øÆa  ̈± ±TMaÆ ÎÚË 3·¥¥·±2 °ø ̈·a2 ̈­ ø2o

°øß­ °a2­·±2 ø2o o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­  ̈± ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a¥ß Ï 3·¥¥·±2 °a±°¥aÚ fl Œa°±Æ ̈

ø ̈ ×ÛÓÏÚ × ̈ a3°¥±ß­  ̧ ́2oÆao­ ±o  ̈ ̧± ́­ø2o­Ù ­°a2o­ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2  ̧Ôðð æ·¥¥·±2 ø ßaøÆÙ

ø2o  ̧ø­ 2 ́3aÆ± ́­ Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ øæ±TMa ø2o æaß±2o 3a2 ̈ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ o·­øæ·¥· ̈ß

1⁄2±3°a2­ø ̈·±2Ú ×oÚ ø ̈ ×ÛÓÈÚ Ã ̧a­a Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a fl  ̈± 3øμa  ̈± ́1 ̧ ÔÎ

oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ±2  ̧±©  ̈± ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈a · ̈­ Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú ...a ¥ø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2±3°a ̈a21⁄2a  ̈±

ÆaTM·­· ̈  ̈ ̧a­a oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ø2o ç ̈ ̧a 3ø2ß TMøÆ·øæ¥a­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°aÆ ±ÆoaÆ·21 ±o

Å ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­Ã °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­Úå ÿa1⁄2μ¥aÆ TMÚ › ̧ø2aßÙ ÏÈð ÀÚÕÚ ËÓÔÙ ËÌÔäÌÓ  ̄ÔÁËÎ ̃Ú

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßé­ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 Æa3ø2o ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥ß ±o · ̈­ o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­

 ̧±¥o·21Ú Ã ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ ç1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ aTM·oa2 ̈·øÆß  ̧aøÆ·21­ ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈±

oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©± ́¥o Æa3aoß  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 o ́a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

Å flé­Ã 1⁄2¥ø·3­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­å ø2o ça®°¥±Æa © ̧ø ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æø¥ °Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa

3±­ ̈ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ̈± °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°aø¥­ ±o TMa ̈aÆø2­  ̈± æa a®°ao· ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈
°ø1a ÌÍ

aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ 3ø22aÆÚå ”ø¶Ú ±°Ú ø ̈ ÁÏÚ fi ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ ø¥Æaøoß  ̧a¥o ø o± ́ÆÛoøß

°Æa¥·3·2øÆß ·2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2  ̧aøÆ·21 ø2o ø ­aTMa2Ûoøß  ̈Æ·ø¥Â  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a­a 1a2aÆø ̈ao

ÓÓÌð °ø1a­ ±o  ̈Æø2­1⁄2Æ·° ̈­Ú Ã ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ °Æa°øÆao ©a¥¥ ±TMaÆ ø  ̈ ̧± ́­ø2o a® ̧·æ· ̈­Ù ø2o

 ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ øo3· ̈ ̈ao ±TMaÆ ø  ̧ ́2oÆao ±o  ̈ ̧a3 ø ̈  ̈Æ·ø¥Ú × 1⁄2ø2é ̈ ·3ø1·2a © ̧ø ̈

2a© aTM·oa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈  ̈± o·­1⁄2±TMaÆ ±Æ  ̧±© · ̈ ©·¥¥ ±ÆoaÆ

­ß­ ̈a3©·oa 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flé­ øo¶ ́o·1⁄2ø ̈·TMa ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­a­Ú

ˆ ˆ ˆ

Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß oÆø3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ±TMaÆ­ ̈a°­ · ̈­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ßÙ  ̈aøÆ·21  ̧ ́1a 1ø°­ ·2  ̈ ̧a

1⁄2±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ­1⁄2 ̧a3a o±Æ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o fl ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú × ̈ ±TMaÆÆ ́¥a­ æ± ̈ ̧

›±21Æa­­é­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a flé­ ¶ ́o13a2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o ́a  ̈± TMa ̈aÆø2­

­aaμ·21 æa2ao· ̈­Ú fl2o · ̈ ÆaøÆÆø21a­  ̈ ̧a flé­ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ ̈ æß ø°°±·2 ̈·21 ø

o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ¶ ́o1a  ̈±  ̧aøo  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ›±21Æa­­ a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ÷Œfl  ̈± æaø ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈

¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ °±©aÆÛ1Æøæ  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a flÚ À2¥a­­ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈aoÙ  ̈±oøßé­ oa1⁄2·­·±2 ©·¥¥

­ ́Æa¥ß °Æ±3° ̈ ›±21Æa­­  ̈± °ø­­ ø 2a© ç ÷Œfl Œa­ ̈±Æø ̈·±2 fl1⁄2 ̈å  ̈± Æa·2 ·2  ̈ ̧a

3ø¶±Æ· ̈ßÚ