# Patent

## Title
Synthesis and characterization of Ru alkylidene complexes

## Abstract

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysts, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals industry.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/919,704, filed Jul. 2, 2020, which is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 16/341,635, filed Apr. 12, 2019, which is a national stage application (under 35 U.S.C. § 371) of PCT/US2017/056919, filed Oct. 17, 2017, which claims benefit of U.S. Application Nos. 62/509,269, and 62/410,003, filed May 22, 2017, and Oct. 19, 2016, respectively, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalysts, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and in industrial applications such as oil and gas, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
BACKGROUND
Since its discovery in the 1950s, olefin metathesis has emerged as a valuable synthetic method for the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds. Recent advances in applications to organic syntheses and polymer syntheses mostly rely on developments of well-defined olefin metathesis catalysts.
The technology of ruthenium metathesis catalysts has enabled the development of several research platforms including: ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM), cross metathesis (CM), ring closing metathesis (RCM).
The incorporation of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligands has played an essential role in the development of ruthenium metathesis catalysts. Metathesis catalysts, based on ruthenium, are known and have been studied.
However, there is an ongoing need for olefin metathesis catalysts, particularly ruthenium metathesis catalysts with improved characteristics which will further enable their use in a wider array of applications and olefin metathesis reactions, and for methods to prepare them.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To meet this need the inventors have discovered various olefin metathesis catalysts as described herein.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (I):




wherein:

M is a Group 8 transition metal; generally M is ruthenium or osmium; typically M is ruthenium;
X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
L1 is a ligand represented by the structure of Formula (II), or is an NHC ligand represented by the structure of Formula (III):




R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, or substituted saturated N-heterocycle;
Y is CR4 or N;
R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), or substituted (C1-C12 alkyl);
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl);
Q is a two-atom linkage represented by structures —[CR7R8]s—[CR9R10]t— or —[CR11═CR12]—;
R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or any two of R7, R8, R9 and R10 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure;
R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or R11 and R12 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; and
“s” and “t” are independently 1 or 2; typically “s” and “t” are independently 1.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IV):




wherein:

M is a Group 8 transition metal; generally M is ruthenium or osmium; typically M is ruthenium;
X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; and
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (V):




wherein:

M is a Group 8 transition metal; generally M is ruthenium or osmium; typically M is ruthenium;
X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
X3 is phenyl




or 2-methyl-1-propenyl (—CH═C(CH3)2 or





L1 is a ligand represented by the structure of Formula (II), or is an NHC ligand represented by the structure of Formula (III):




R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, substituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl), —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2, or —O—(C1-C12 alkyl);
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl);
Y is CR4 or N;
R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), or substituted (C1-C12 alkyl);
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl);
Q is a two-atom linkage represented by structures —[CR7R8]s—[CR9R10]t— or —[CR11—CR12]—;
R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or any two of R7, R8, R9 and R10 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure;
R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or R11 and R12 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; and
“s” and “t” are independently 1 or 2; typically “s” and “t” are independently 1.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of synthesizing the olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of using the olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention in metathesis reactions. The olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention are of particular benefit for use in metathesis reactions, such as ring opening metathesis polymerization reactions, ring-opening cross metathesis reactions, cross metathesis reactions, ring-closing metathesis reactions, self-metathesis reactions, as well as combinations of such metathesis reactions.
The olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention are also key intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts.
These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled artisan in light of the following detailed description and examples. Furthermore, it is to be understood that none of the embodiments or examples of the invention described herein are to be interpreted as being limiting.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C940.
FIG. 2. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C958.
FIG. 3. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C852.
FIG. 4. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C803.
FIG. 5. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C850.
FIG. 6. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C825.
FIG. 7. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C832.
FIG. 8. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C865.
FIG. 9. Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) diagram of C829.
FIG. 10. Vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C849, C865, C825, C850, C852, and C832.
FIG. 11. Vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C831, C840, C849, and C858.
FIG. 12. Vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C848, C852, C855, C858.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Unless otherwise indicated, the invention is not limited to specific reactants, substituents, catalysts, reaction conditions, or the like, as such can vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not to be interpreted as being limiting.
As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an olefin” includes a single olefin as well as a combination or mixture of two or more olefins, reference to “a substituent” encompasses a single substituent as well as two or more substituents, and the like.
As used in the specification and the appended claims, the terms “for example,” “for instance,” “such as,” or “including” are meant to introduce examples that further clarify more general subject matter. Unless otherwise specified, these examples are provided only as an aid for understanding the invention, and are not meant to be limiting in any fashion.
In this specification and in the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings:
The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to a linear, branched, or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group typically although not necessarily containing generally 1 to 30 carbon atoms, typically 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, 1-butyl, octyl, decyl, and the like, as well as cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like. The term “lower alkyl” intends an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the specific term “cycloalkyl” intends a cyclic alkyl group, typically having 4 to 8, preferably 5 to 7, carbon atoms. The term “substituted alkyl” refers to alkyl substituted with one or more substituent groups, and the terms “heteroatom-containing alkyl” and “heteroalkyl” refer to alkyl in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. If not otherwise indicated, the terms “alkyl” and “lower alkyl” include linear, branched, cyclic, unsubstituted, substituted, and/or heteroatom-containing alkyl and lower alkyl, respectively.
The term “alkylene” as used herein refers to a divalent linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, where “alkyl” is as defined above.
The term “alkenyl” as used herein refers to a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group of 2 to 30 carbon atoms containing at least one double bond, such as ethenyl, n-propenyl, iso-propenyl, n-butenyl, iso-butenyl, octenyl, decenyl, tetradecenyl, hexadecenyl, eicosenyl, tetracosenyl, and the like. Typically alkenyl groups herein contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The term “lower alkenyl” intends an alkenyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and the specific term “cycloalkenyl” intends a cyclic alkenyl group, typically having 5 to 8 carbon atoms. The term “substituted alkenyl” refers to alkenyl substituted with one or more substituent groups, and the terms “heteroatom-containing alkenyl” and “heteroalkenyl” refer to alkenyl in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. If not otherwise indicated, the terms “alkenyl” and “lower alkenyl” include linear, branched, cyclic, unsubstituted, substituted, and/or heteroatom-containing alkenyl and lower alkenyl, respectively. The term “alkenyl” is used interchangeably with the term “olefin” herein.
The term “alkenylene” as used herein refers to a divalent linear, branched, or cyclic alkenyl group, where “alkenyl” is as defined above.
The term “alkynyl” as used herein refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon group of 2 to 30 carbon atoms containing at least one triple bond, such as ethynyl, n-propynyl, and the like. Typical alkynyl groups described herein contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The term “lower alkynyl” intends an alkynyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The term “substituted alkynyl” refers to alkynyl substituted with one or more substituent groups, and the terms “heteroatom-containing alkynyl” and “heteroalkynyl” refer to alkynyl in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. If not otherwise indicated, the terms “alkynyl” and “lower alkynyl” include linear, branched, unsubstituted, substituted, and/or heteroatom-containing alkynyl and lower alkynyl, respectively.
The term “alkoxy” as used herein intends an alkyl group bound through a single, terminal ether linkage; that is, an “alkoxy” group can be represented as —O-alkyl where alkyl is as defined above. A “lower alkoxy” group intends an alkoxy group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Analogously, “alkenyloxy” and “lower alkenyloxy” respectively refer to an alkenyl and lower alkenyl group bound through a single, terminal ether linkage, and “alkynyloxy” and “lower alkynyloxy” respectively refer to an alkynyl and lower alkynyl group bound through a single, terminal ether linkage.
The term “aryl” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to an aromatic substituent containing a single aromatic ring or multiple aromatic rings that are fused together, directly linked, or indirectly linked (such that the different aromatic rings are bound to a common group such as a methylene or ethylene moiety). Generally aryl groups contain 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and typically aryl groups contain 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Exemplary aryl groups contain one aromatic ring or two fused or linked aromatic rings, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, diphenylether, diphenylamine, benzophenone, and the like. “Substituted aryl” refers to an aryl moiety substituted with one or more substituent groups. The terms “heteroatom-containing aryl” and “heteroaryl” refer to aryl substituents in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom, as will be described in further detail infra.
The term “aryloxy” as used herein refers to an aryl group bound through a single, terminal ether linkage, wherein “aryl” is as defined above. An “aryloxy” group can be represented as —O-aryl where aryl is as defined above. Preferred aryloxy groups contain 5 to 24 carbon atoms, and particularly preferred aryloxy groups contain 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Examples of aryloxy groups include, without limitation, phenoxy, o-halo-phenoxy, m-halo-phenoxy, p-halo-phenoxy, o-methoxy-phenoxy, m-methoxy-phenoxy, p-methoxy-phenoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy-phenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenoxy, and the like.
The term “alkaryl” refers to an aryl group with an alkyl substituent, and the term “aralkyl” refers to an alkyl group with an aryl substituent, wherein “aryl” and “alkyl” are as defined above. Generally alkaryl and aralkyl groups contain 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and typically alkaryl and aralkyl groups contain 6 to 16 carbon atoms. Alkaryl groups include, for example, p-methylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, p-cyclohexylphenyl, 2,7-dimethylnaphthyl, 7-cyclooctylnaphthyl, 3-ethyl-cyclopenta-1,4-diene, and the like. Examples of aralkyl groups include, without limitation, benzyl, 2-phenyl-ethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, 4-phenyl-butyl, 5-phenyl-pentyl, 4-phenylcyclohexyl, 4-benzylcyclohexyl, 4-phenylcyclohexylmethyl, 4-benzylcyclohexylmethyl, and the like. The terms “alkaryloxy” and “aralkyloxy” refer to substituents of the formula —OR wherein R is alkaryl or aralkyl, respectively, as defined herein.
The term “acyl” refers to substituents having the formula —(CO)-alkyl, —(CO)-aryl, or —(CO)-aralkyl, and the term “acyloxy” refers to substituents having the formula —O(CO)-alkyl, —O(CO)-aryl, or —O(CO)-aralkyl, wherein “alkyl,” “aryl,” and “aralkyl” are as defined above.
The terms “cyclic” and “ring” refer to moieties which are saturated or have unsaturations and are non-aromatic or are aromatic and that are optionally substituted and/or heteroatom containing, and that can be monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic.
The term “saturated N-heterocycle” as used herein refers to a heteroatom-containing cyclic group, which is saturated and is attached to the rest of the molecule by a nitrogen (N) atom. The saturated N-heterocycle moiety contains rings wherein one or more carbon(s) has been replaced by a heteroatom, such as: N, S or O. Unsubstituted “saturated N-heterocycle” groups include pyrrolidino, morpholino, piperazino, piperidino, thiomorpholino, etc. Substituted “saturated N-heterocycle” groups include 1-methyl-piperazino, N-acetyl-piperazino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, etc.
The terms “halo,” “halogen,” and “halide” are used in the conventional sense to refer to a chloro, bromo, fluoro, or iodo substituent.
The term “hydrocarbyl” refers to univalent hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, typically containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, specifically containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, including linear, branched, cyclic, saturated, and unsaturated species, such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and the like. The term “lower hydrocarbyl” intends a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, typically 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the term “hydrocarbylene” intends a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, typically 1 to 24 carbon atoms, specifically 1 to 12 carbon atoms, including linear, branched, cyclic, saturated and unsaturated species. The term “lower hydrocarbylene” intends a hydrocarbylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. “Substituted hydrocarbyl” refers to hydrocarbyl substituted with one or more substituent groups, and the terms “heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl” and “heterohydrocarbyl” refer to hydrocarbyl in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. Similarly, “substituted hydrocarbylene” refers to hydrocarbylene substituted with one or more substituent groups, and the terms “heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene” and “heterohydrocarbylene” refer to hydrocarbylene in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. Unless otherwise indicated, the term “hydrocarbyl” and “hydrocarbylene” are to be interpreted as including substituted and/or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl and hydrocarbylene moieties, respectively.
The term “heteroatom-containing” as in a “heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon molecule or a hydrocarbyl molecular fragment in which one or more carbon atoms is replaced with an atom other than carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon, typically nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Similarly, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituent that is heteroatom-containing, the term “heterocyclic” refers to a cyclic substituent that is heteroatom-containing, the terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroaromatic” respectively refer to “aryl” and “aromatic” substituents that are heteroatom-containing, and the like. It should be noted that a “heterocyclic” group or compound is optionally aromatic, and further that “heterocycles” can be monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic as described above with respect to the term “aryl.” Examples of heteroalkyl groups include alkoxyaryl, alkylsulfanyl-substituted alkyl, N-alkylated amino alkyl, and the like. Examples of heteroaryl substituents include pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, etc.
By “Grubbs-Hoveyda ligands,” is meant benzylidene ligands having a chelating alkyloxy group attached to the benzene ring at the ortho position.
Examples of —NH(C1-C24 alkyl) groups include —NHMe (e.g., methylamino), —NHEt (e.g., ethylamine), —NH(i-Pr) (e.g., iso-propylamino), etc.
Examples of —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2 groups include —N(Me)2 (e.g., dimethylamino), —N(Et)2 (e.g., diethylamino), —N(i-Pr)2 (e.g., di-iso-propylamino), etc.
Examples of —NH(C5-C24 aryl) groups include —NH(C6H5) (e.g., phenylamino), etc.
Examples of —N(C5-C24 aryl)2 groups include —N(C6H5)2 (e.g., diphenylamino), etc.
Examples of —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) groups include —NMe(C6H5) (e.g., phenylmethylamino), etc.
Examples of —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2 groups include —N[(CH2)(C6H5)]2 (e.g., di-benzyl-amino), etc.
By “substituted” as in “substituted hydrocarbyl,” “substituted alkyl,” “substituted aryl,” and the like, as alluded to in some of the aforementioned definitions, is meant that in the hydrocarbyl, alkyl, aryl, or other moiety, at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon (or other) atom is replaced with one or more non-hydrogen substituents. Examples of such substituents include, without limitation: functional groups referred to herein as “Fn,” such as halo, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, C1-C24 alkoxy, C2-C24 alkenyloxy, C2-C24 alkynyloxy, C5-C24 aryloxy, C6-C24 aralkyloxy, C6-C24 alkaryloxy, acyl (including C2-C24 alkylcarbonyl (—CO-alkyl) and C6-C24 arylcarbonyl (—CO-aryl)), acyloxy (—O-acyl, including C2-C24 alkylcarbonyloxy (—O—CO-alkyl) and C6-C24 arylcarbonyloxy (—O—CO-aryl)), C2-C24 alkoxycarbonyl (—(CO)—O-alkyl), C6-C24 aryloxycarbonyl (—(CO)—O-aryl), halocarbonyl (—CO)—X where X is halo), C2-C24 alkylcarbonato (—O—(CO)—O-alkyl), C6-C24 arylcarbonato (—O—(CO)—O-aryl), carboxy (—COOH), carboxylato (—COO—), carbamoyl (—(CO)—NH2), mono-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—NH(C1-C24 alkyl)), di-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—N(C1-C24 alkyl)2), mono-(C1-C24 haloalkyl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—NH(C1-C24 alkyl)), di-(C1-C24 haloalkyl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—N(C1-C24 alkyl)2), mono-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—NH-aryl), di-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted carbamoyl (—(CO)—N(C5-C24 aryl)2), di-N—(C1-C24 alkyl), N—(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted carbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl (—(CS)—NH2), mono-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted thiocarbamoyl (—(CS)—NH(C1-C24 alkyl)), di-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted thiocarbamoyl (—(CS)—N(C1-C24 alkyl)2), mono-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted thiocarbamoyl (—(CS)—NH-aryl), di-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted thiocarbamoyl (—(CS)—N(C5-C24 aryl)2), di-N—(C1-C24 alkyl), N—(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted thiocarbamoyl, carbamido (—NH—(CO)—NH2), cyano(—C≡N), cyanato (—O—C≡N), thiocyanato (—S—C≡N), formyl (—(CO)—H), thioformyl (—(CS)—H), amino (—NH2), mono-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted amino, di-(C1-C24 alkyl)-substituted amino, mono-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted amino, di-(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted amino, (C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl)-substituted amino, C2-C24 alkylamido (—NH—(CO)-alkyl), C6-C24 arylamido (—NH—(CO)-aryl), imino (—CR═NH where R=hydrogen, C1-C24 alkyl, C5-C24 aryl, C6-C24 alkaryl, C6-C24 aralkyl, etc.), C2-C20 alkylimino (—CR═N(alkyl), where R=hydrogen, C1-C24 alkyl, C5-C24 aryl, C6-C24 alkaryl, C6-C24 aralkyl, etc.), arylimino (—CR═N(aryl), where R=hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C5-C24 aryl, C6-C24 alkaryl, C6-C24 aralkyl, etc.), nitro (—NO2), nitroso (—NO), sulfo (—SO2—OH), sulfonato (—SO2—O—), C1-C24 alkylsulfanyl (—S-alkyl; also termed “alkylthio”), C5-C24 arylsulfanyl (—S-aryl; also termed “arylthio”), C1-C24 alkylsulfinyl (—(SO)-alkyl), C5-C24 arylsulfinyl (—(SO)-aryl), C1-C24 alkylsulfonyl (—SO2-alkyl), C1-C24 monoalkylaminosulfonyl —SO2—N(H) alkyl), C1-C24 dialkylaminosulfonyl —SO2—N(alkyl)2, C5-C24 arylsulfonyl (—SO2-aryl), boryl (—BH2), borono (—B(OH)2), boronato (—B(OR)2 where R is alkyl or other hydrocarbyl), phosphono (—P(O)(OH)2), phosphonato (—P(O)(O−)2), phosphinato (—P(O)(O−)), phospho (—PO2), and phosphino (—PH2); and the hydrocarbyl moieties C1-C24 alkyl (preferably C1-C12 alkyl, more preferably C1-C6 alkyl), C2-C24 alkenyl (preferably C2-C12 alkenyl, more preferably C2-C6 alkenyl), C2-C24 alkynyl (preferably C2-C12 alkynyl, more preferably C2-C6 alkynyl), C5-C24 aryl (preferably C5-C14 aryl), C6-C24 alkaryl (preferably C6-C16 alkaryl), and C6-C24 aralkyl (preferably C6-C16 aralkyl).
By “functionalized” as in “functionalized hydrocarbyl,” “functionalized alkyl,” “functionalized olefin,” “functionalized cyclic olefin,” and the like, is meant that in the hydrocarbyl, alkyl, olefin, cyclic olefin, or other moiety, at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon (or other) atom is replaced with one or more functional groups such as those described hereinabove. The term “functional group” is meant to include any functional species that is suitable for the uses described herein. In particular, as used herein, a functional group would necessarily possess the ability to react with or bond to corresponding functional groups on a substrate surface.
In addition, the aforementioned functional groups can, if a particular group permits, be further substituted with one or more additional functional groups or with one or more hydrocarbyl moieties such as those specifically enumerated above. Analogously, the above-mentioned hydrocarbyl moieties can be further substituted with one or more functional groups or additional hydrocarbyl moieties such as those specifically enumerated.
“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described circumstance can or cannot occur, so that the description includes instances where the circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. For example, the phrase “optionally substituted” means that a non-hydrogen substituent can or cannot be present on a given atom, and, thus, the description includes structures wherein a non-hydrogen substituent is present and structures wherein a non-hydrogen substituent is not present.
Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
In one embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (VI):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene) (C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2; and
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (VI), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; R1 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; R2 is phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; and R3 is phenyl or morpholino.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (VII):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or substituted saturated N-heterocycle;
Y is CR4 or N; generally Y is N;
R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), or substituted (C1-C12 alkyl);
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted (C5-C24 aryl);
Q is a two-atom linkage represented by structures —[CR7R8]s—[CR9R10]t— or —[CR11═CR12]—;
R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C1-C24 aryl); or any two of R7, R8, R9 and R10 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; generally R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), substituted (C1-C12 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C14 aryl) or substituted (C5-C14 aryl);
R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or R11 and R12 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; and
“s” and “t” are independently 1 or 2; generally “s” and “t” are independently 1.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (VIII):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle; and
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl; generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (VIII), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; R1 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; R2 is phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; R3 is phenyl or morpholino; and R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl (e.g., mesityl or Mes), 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl (e.g., DIPP or DiPP), 2-iso-propylphenyl (e.g., IPP or Ipp), or 2-methyl-6-iso-propylphenyl (e.g., MIPP or Mipp or MiPP).
Some of the olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (VIII) were obtained as solvates.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IVa):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2; and
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IVa), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; R1 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; R2 is phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; and R3 is phenyl or morpholino.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IX):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
X3 is phenyl or 2-methyl-1-propenyl;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, substituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl), —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2, or —O—(C1-C12 alkyl); generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —O—(C1-C12 alkyl), or unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle; and
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IX), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; X3 is phenyl; R1 is morpholino, iso-propoxyl, pyrrolo; R2 is cyclohexyl, phenyl or morpholino; and R3 is cyclohexyl, phenyl or morpholino.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (IX), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; X3 is 2-methyl-1-propenyl; R1 is morpholino, iso-propoxyl, pyrrolo; R2 is cyclohexyl, phenyl or morpholino; and R3 is cyclohexyl, phenyl or morpholino.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (X):




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
X3 is phenyl or 2-methyl-1-propenyl;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, substituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)C5-C24 aryl), —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)C5-C24 aryl)]2, or —O—(C1-C12 alkyl); generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —O—(C1-C12 alkyl), —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1—C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(Ct-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
Y is CR4 or N; generally Y is N;
R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), or substituted (C1-C12 alkyl);
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted (C5-C24 aryl);
Q is a two-atom linkage represented by structures —[CR7R8]s—[CR9R10]t— or —[CR11═CR12]—;
R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C1-C24 aryl); or any two of R7, R8, R9 and R10 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; generally R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C12 alkyl), substituted (C1-C12 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C14 aryl) or substituted (C5-C14 aryl);
R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted (C1-C24 alkyl), substituted (C1-C24 alkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); or R11 and R12 are optionally linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated ring structure; and
“s” and “t” are independently 1 or 2; generally “s” and “t” are independently 1.
In one embodiment, the invention provides olefin metathesis catalysts, represented by the structure of Formula (XI),




wherein:

X1 and X2 are independently anionic ligands; generally X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F;
X3 is phenyl or 2-methyl-1-propenyl;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, substituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl), —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2, or —O—(C1-C12 alkyl); generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, unsubstituted unsaturated N-heterocycle, —O—(C1-C12 alkyl);
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), substituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 cycloalkyl), unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle; and
R5 and R6 are independently unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), or substituted (C5-C24 aryl); generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted (C5-C24 aryl) with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (XI), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; X3 is phenyl; R1 is morpholino, isopropoxy, pyrrolo or piperidino; R2 is cyclohexyl, morpholino, piperidino or phenyl; R3 is phenyl, morpholino, piperidino or cyclohexyl; and R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl, or 2-methyl-6-iso-propylphenyl.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an olefin metathesis catalyst, represented by the structure of Formula (XI), wherein X1 is Cl; X2 is Cl; X3 is 2-methyl-1-propenyl; R1 is morpholino, isopropoxy, pyrrolo or piperidino; R2 is cyclohexyl, morpholino, piperidino or phenyl; R3 is phenyl, morpholino, piperidino or cyclohexyl; and R3 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl, or 2-methyl-6-iso-propylphenyl.
Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (VI) are found in Table (1):











TABLE 1







Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by Formula (VI)












Catalyst
R1
R2
R3
X1
X2















1












Cl
Cl


 


2












Cl
Cl


 


3












Cl
Cl


 


4












Cl
Cl


 


5












Cl
Cl


 


6












Cl
Cl


 


7












Cl
Cl


 


8












Cl
Cl


 


9












Cl
Cl


 


10












Cl
Cl


 


11












Cl
Cl


 


12












Cl
Cl


 


13












Cl
Cl


 


14












Cl
Cl


 


15












Cl
Cl


 


16












Cl
Cl


 


17












Cl
Cl


 


18












Cl
Cl


 


19












Cl
Cl


 


20












Cl
Cl


 


21












Cl
Cl









Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (VIII) are found in Table (2):











TABLE 2







Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by Formula (VIII)














Catalyst
R1
R2
R3
X1
X2
R5
R6





22












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


23












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


24












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


25












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


26












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


27












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


28












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


29












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


30












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


31












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


32












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


33












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


34












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


35












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


36












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


37












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


38












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


39












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


40












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


41












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


42












Cl
Cl
Mes
Mes


 


43












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


44












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


45












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


46












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


47












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


48












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


49












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


50












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


51












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


52












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


53












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


54












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


55












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


56












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


57












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


58












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


59












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


60












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


61












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


62












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


63












Cl
Cl
DIPP
DIPP


 


64












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


65












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


66












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


67












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


68












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


69












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


70












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


71












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


72












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


73












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


74












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


75












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


76












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


77












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


78












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


79












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


80












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


81












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


82












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


83












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP


 


84












Cl
Cl
MIPP
MIPP





wherein: Mes is





MIPP is





and DIPP is












Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (IVa) are found in Table (3):











TABLE 3







Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of


Formula (IVa)












Catalyst
R1
R2
R3
X1
X2















85












Cl
Cl


 


86












Cl
Cl


 


87












Cl
Cl


 


88












Cl
Cl


 


89












Cl
Cl


 


90












Cl
Cl


 


91












Cl
Cl


 


92












Cl
Cl


 


93












Cl
Cl


 


94












Cl
Cl


 


95












Cl
Cl


 


96












Cl
Cl


 


97












Cl
Cl


 


98












Cl
Cl


 


99












Cl
Cl


 


100












Cl
Cl


 


101












Cl
Cl


 


102












Cl
Cl


 


103












Cl
Cl


 


104












Cl
Cl


 


105












Cl
Cl









Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (IX) are found in Table (4):




Table (4)
Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of













Formula IX





Catalyst
R1
R2
R3
X1
X2
X3







106












Cl
Cl






 


107












Cl
Cl






 


108












Cl
Cl






 


109












Cl
Cl






 


110












Cl
Cl






 


111












Cl
Cl






 


112












Cl
Cl






 


113












Cl
Cl






 


114












Cl
Cl






 


115












Cl
Cl






 


116












Cl
Cl






 


117












Cl
Cl






 


118












Cl
Cl






 


119












Cl
Cl













Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented by the structure of Formula (XI) are found in Table (5):




Table (5)
Non-limiting examples of olefin metathesis catalysts represented b the structure of















Formula (XI)





Catalyst
R1
R2
R3
X1
X2
X3
R5
R6







120












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


121












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


122












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


123












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


124












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


125












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


126












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


127












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


128












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


129












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


130












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


131












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


132












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


133












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


134












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


135












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


136












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


137












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


138












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


139












Cl
Cl




Mes
Mes


 


140












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


141












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


142












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


143












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


144












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


145












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


146












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


147












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


148












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


149












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


150












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


151












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


152












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


153












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


154












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


155












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


156












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


157












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


158












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


158












Cl
Cl




DIPP
DIPP


 


159












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


160












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


161












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


162












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


163












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


164












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


165












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


166












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


167












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


168












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


169












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


170












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


171












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


172












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


173












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


174












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


175












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


176












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


177












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP


 


178












Cl
Cl




MIPP
MIPP





wherein:


















The present invention concerns also processes for preparing the olefin metathesis catalysts described above. The olefin metathesis catalysts according to the invention can be prepared analogously to conventional methods as understood by the person skilled in the art of synthetic organic chemistry.
Synthetic Scheme 1 illustrates how the olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (VI), Formula (VII), and Formula (VIII) can be synthesized.




Synthetic Scheme 2 illustrates how olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (IVa) can be synthesized.




Synthetic Scheme 3 illustrates how the olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (IX), Formula (X), and Formula (XI) can be synthesized.




In synthetic Schemes 1, 2, and 3, substituents X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, Q, Y, R5, and R are as defined herein.
Generally, the reactions take place under degassed N2 at room temperature or at high temperature in an inert solvent (toluene, THF, MeTHF, dioxane and the like). Once the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the solvent is removed under high vacuum, and the residue is purified on a silica gel column and then recrystallized to afford the new olefin metathesis catalysts.
In another embodiment, the invention concerns methods of using the olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention, in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention are excellent precursors for various Second Generation Grubbs ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts. The Second Generation Grubbs ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts synthesized during these procedures are obtained in higher yield and with higher purity, which presents an advantage compared to the existing synthetic procedures.
The invention concerns also processes for synthesizing olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (A) starting with an olefin metathesis catalyst of Formula (VIII).




In a typical procedure, as shown in Scheme 4, the PR1R2R3 ligand of the olefin metathesis catalyst represented by Formula (VIII) can be exchanged with a PRdReORf ligand at room temperature in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane or toluene, wherein:
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl; generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups; typically, R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propyl-6-methylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl or 2-methyl-phenyl;
X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; generally X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl;
Rd is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Rd is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically Rd is phenyl;
Re is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Re is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically Re is phenyl; and
Rf is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Rf is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically, Rf is phenyl, methyl, p-(OMe)phenyl, iso-propyl or ethyl.
The invention concerns also processes for synthesizing olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (B) starting with an olefin metathesis catalyst of Formula (VIII).




In a typical procedure, as shown in Scheme 5, the PR1R2R3 ligand of the olefin metathesis catalyst represented by Formula (VIII) can be exchanged with a PRgORhORi ligand or a PRgRhORi ligand at room temperature in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane or toluene, wherein:
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl; generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups; typically, R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propyl-6-methylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl or 2-methyl-phenyl;
X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; generally X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl;
Rg is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Rg is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically Rg is phenyl;
Rh is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Rh is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically Rh is phenyl or methyl; and
Ri is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C6-C10 aryl, unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; generally Ri is unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; typically Ri is phenyl or methyl.
In another embodiment, the invention concerns also processes for synthesizing olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (C) starting with an olefin metathesis catalyst of Formula (IVa).




In a typical procedure, as shown in Scheme 6, the PR1R2R3 ligand of the olefin metathesis catalyst represented by Formula (IVa) can be exchanged with a NHC ligand,




wherein:

R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl; generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups; typically, R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propyl-6-methylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl or 2-methyl-phenyl; and
X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; generally X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl.
In another embodiment, the invention concerns also processes for synthesizing olefin metathesis catalysts of Formula (C) starting with an olefin metathesis catalyst of Formula (VIII).




In a typical procedure, as shown in Scheme 7, the —PR1R2R3 ligand of the olefin metathesis catalyst represented by Formula (VIII) can be exchanged with a Grubbs-Hoveyda ligand, wherein:
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2; generally R2 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C6 aryl) or —N[(C1-C3 alkylene)(C6 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle; generally R3 is unsubstituted (C6 aryl) or unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl; generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups; typically, R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 2-iso-propyl-6-methylphenyl, 2-iso-propylphenyl or 2-methyl-phenyl;
X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate; generally X1 and X2 are independently Cl, Br, I or F; typically X1 and X2 are independently Cl.
Rk is hydrogen, halogen, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —SO2NRs2, —NHC(O)CF3, —NHC(O)C6F5, —NHC(O)OtBu, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; typically, Rk is hydrogen;
Rl is hydrogen, halogen, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —SO2NRs2, —NHC(O)CF3, —NHC(O)C6F5, —NHC(O)OtBu, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; typically, Rl is hydrogen;
Rm is hydrogen, halogen, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —SO2NRs2, —NHC(O)CF3, —NHC(O)C6F5, —NHC(O)OtBu, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; typically, Rm is hydrogen, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —SO2NRs2, —NHC(O)CF3, —NHC(O)C6F5, or —NHC(O)OtBu; specifically Rm is hydrogen;
Rn is hydrogen, halogen, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —SO2NRs2, —NHC(O)CF3, —NHC(O)C6F5, —NHC(O)OtBu, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; typically, Rn is hydrogen; and
Rs is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; typically Rs is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl; and
Rq is unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl; generally, Rq is C1-C10 alkyl; typically, Rq is iso-propyl.
At this stage, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many additional compounds that fall under the scope of the invention can be prepared by performing various common chemical reactions. Details of certain specific chemical transformations are provided in the examples.
For example, the olefin metathesis catalysts are typically added to a resin composition as a solid, a solution, or as a suspension. When the olefin metathesis catalysts are added to a resin composition as a suspension, the olefin metathesis catalysts are suspended in a dispersing carrier such as mineral oil, paraffin oil, soybean oil, tri-iso-propylbenzene, or any hydrophobic liquid which has a sufficiently high viscosity so as to permit effective dispersion of the catalyst(s), and which is sufficiently inert and which has a sufficiently high boiling point so that is does not act as a low-boiling impurity in the olefin metathesis reaction.
Olefins
Resin compositions that may be used with the present invention disclosed herein comprise one or more cyclic olefins. Such cyclic olefins may be optionally substituted, optionally heteroatom-containing, mono-unsaturated, di-unsaturated, or poly-unsaturated C5 to C24 hydrocarbons that may be mono-, di-, or poly-cyclic. The cyclic olefin may generally be any strained or unstrained cyclic olefin, provided the cyclic olefin is able to participate in a ROMP reaction either individually or as part of a ROMP cyclic olefin composition.
Examples of bicyclic and polycyclic olefins thus include, without limitation, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD); trimer and other higher order oligomers of cyclopentadiene including without limitation tricyclopentadiene (cyclopentadiene trimer), cyclopentadiene tetramer, and cyclopentadiene pentamer; ethylidenenorbornene; dicyclohexadiene; norbornene; C2-C12 hydrocarbyl substituted norbornenes; 5-butyl-2-norbornene; 5-hexyl-2-norbornene; 5-octyl-2-norbornene; 5-decyl-2-norbornene; 5-dodecyl-2-norbornene; 5-vinyl-2-norbornene; 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene; 5-isopropenyl-2-norbornene; 5-propenyl-2-norbornene; 5-butenyl-2-norbornene; 5-tolyl-norbornene; 5-methyl-2-norbornene; 5-ethyl-2-norbornene; 5-isobutyl-2-norbornene; 5,6-dimethyl-2-norbornene; 5-phenylnorbornene; 5-benzylnorbornene; 5-acetylnorbornene; 5-methoxycarbonylnorbornene; 5-ethyoxycarbonyl-1-norbornene; 5-methyl-5-methoxy-carbonylnorbornene; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; 5-cyanonorbornene; 5,5,6-trimethyl-2-norbornene; cyclo-hexenylnorbornene; endo, exo-5,6-dimethoxynorbornene; endo, endo-5,6-dimethoxynorbornene; endo, exo-5,6-dimethoxy carbonylnorbornene; endo,endo-5,6-dimethoxycarbonylnorbornene; 2,3-dimethoxynorbornene; norbornadiene; tricycloundecene; tetracyclododecene; 8-methyl tetracyclododecene; 8-ethyltetracyclododecene; 8-methoxy carbonyltetracyclo dodecene; 8-methyl-8-tetra cyclododecene; 8-cyanotetracyclo dodecene; pentacyclopentadecene; pentacyclo hexadecene; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5-phenoxymethyl; 2-ethylhexyl ester-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid; 2-hydroxyethyl ester-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-methanol; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-heptanoic acid-methyl ester; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-hexanoic acid-methyl ester; 1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene, 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-octanoic acid-methyl ester; 1,4:5,8-dimethano naphthalene; 2-butyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro; ethylidenetetracyclododecene; 2-vinyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethano naphthalene; and the like, and their structural isomers, stereoisomers, and mixtures thereof.
EXPERIMENTAL
General Information—Materials and Methods
In the following examples, efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers used (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.) but some experimental error and deviation should be accounted for. The examples are to be considered as not being limiting of the invention described herein.
All reactions involving metal complexes were conducted in oven-dried glassware under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques. Chemicals and solvents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Strem, Alfa Aesar, Nexeo, Brenntag, AG Layne and TCI. Commercially available reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted. Silica gel was purchased from Fisher (0.040-0.063 μm, EMD Millipore). Solvents were dried by passing through an activated alumina column (n-pentane, benzene, toluene, Et20, and THF).
SIMes.HBr, SIMes.HCl, SIPr.HCl, P426, P510, 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene and Catalysts C959, C931, C848, C831, C949, C601, C727, C787, and C765 were prepared using known methods.
The crystallographic measurements were performed at 100(2) K using a Bruker APEX-II CCD area detector diffractometer (Mo-Kα radiation, λ=0.71073 Å). In each case, a specimen of suitable size and quality was selected and mounted onto a nylon loop. The structures were solved by direct methods, which successfully located most of the nonhydrogen atoms. Semi-empirical absorption corrections were applied. Subsequent refinement on F2 using the SHELXTL/PC package (version 6.1) allowed location of the remaining non-hydrogen atoms. Depending on the experimental conditions, some of the olefin metathesis catalysts of the invention were obtained as solvates.
Ultrene® 99 dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) was obtained from Cymetech Corporation. A modified DCPD base resin containing 20-25% tricyclopentadiene (and small amounts of higher cyclopentadiene homologs) (DCPD-HT) was prepared by heat treatment of Ultrene® 99 DCPD generally as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,005.
1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian 400 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm downfield from Me4Si by using the residual solvent peak as an internal standard (CDCl3 —δ 7.24 ppm; CD2Cl2—δ 5.32 ppm). 31P NMR used an external standard of 85% H3PO4, referenced to 0 ppm. Spectra were analyzed and processed using MestReNova software. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories, Inc. and were degassed and stored over activated 3 Å molecular sieves prior to use.
The following abbreviations are used in the examples:

    mL milliliter
    L liter
    ° C. degrees Celsius
    CD2Cl2 deuterated dichloromethane
    CDCl3 deuterated chloroform
    C6D6 deuterated benzene
    SIMes.HBr N,N′-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino)ethane dihydrobromide
    SIMes.HCl N,N′-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino)ethane dihydrochloride
    SIPr.HCl 1,3-bis(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium chloride
    Ar argon
    HCl hydrochloric acid
    KHMDS potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
    r.t. room temperature






    C765 Dichloro(3-methyl-2-butenylidene)bis(triphenylphosphine) ruthenium [CAS 191609-95-7]






    C727 [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro(phenylmethylene)bis(pyridine)-Ruthenium [CAS 357186-58-4]






    1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene
    C959 (PPh3)3Ru(Cl)2tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) dichloride [CAS 15529-49-4]
    (2-Me)THF 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
    THF tetrahydrofuran






    C787 Benzylidenedichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium [CAS 172222-26-3]






    C848 Dichloro[1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene](benzylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine) ruthenium (II) [CAS 246047-72-3]






    C831 Dichloro[1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene](benzylidene)(triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II) [CAS 357261-84-8]
    PTSA p-Toluenesulfonic acid






    C931 [1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro (phenylindenylidene)(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) [CAS 340810-50-6]






    C949 [1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro (phenylindenylidene) (tricyclohexylphosphine) ruthenium(II) [CAS 536724-67-1]






    C601 Dichloro(2-isopropoxyphenylmethylene) (tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium (II) [CAS 203714-71-0]






    P426 1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-(trichloromethyl)imidazolidine [CAS 260054-47-5]






    P510 1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-(trichloromethyl) imidazolidine [CAS 465543-05-9]


EXAMPLES
Example 1
Synthesis of C973




In a 3 L, 3-neck round bottom flask were added C959 (100.0 g, 104.2 mmol), 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol (24.9 g, 119.8 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (27.3 g, 104.2 mmol)under air. The flask was equipped with a thermocouple and rubber suba-seal septum and then it was placed under Ar using Schlenk technique. The reagents and products of this reaction are highly air sensitive in solution. A 1 L addition funnel was attached to the flask under a flow of Ar. To the addition funnel were added (2-Me)THF (1 L) and 4 M HCl (25.6 mL, 104.2 mmol) in dioxane using Schlenk technique. The solution was added over 10 minutes at room temperature with stirring. Another 0.75 L (2-Me)THF were added directly to the flask. The addition funnel was replaced with a glass stopper under a flow of Ar and the flask was lowered into a pre-heated oil bath at 65° C. The reaction was monitored by 31P NMR. When conversion was deemed to be complete, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and hot filtered via cannula transfer through a celite pad (in an evacuated Schlenk filter) into a Schlenk flask. Approximately 85% (2-Me)THF was removed at room temperature (water bath) under vacuum. The resulting slurry was cooled to 0° C. then filtered on a coarse glass frit under air. The solid was washed quickly with 3×50 mL portions of 0° C. (2-Me)THF followed by hexanes (200 mL) (r.t.) and 2-propanol (100 mL). The solid from the frit was re-slurred with hexanes (200 mL) and filtered again. The solid was air-dried until no condensation was seen on the outside of the glass frit, then transferred to a 200 mL round bottom flask and dried under high vacuum overnight. The final 1H NMR and 31P NMR in CDCl3 indicate that the complex is a 1:1 adduct of (PPh3)2Ru(PhInd)Cl2, and (2-Me)THF, C973, for a final molecular weight of 973 g/mol. Yield=74.1 g (73%).
1H NMR (400 MHz in CDCl3 at r.t.): δ=7.2-7.6 (overlapping CDCl3 and aromatics), 7.07 (d, Ind, 1H), 6.62 (t, Ind, 1H), 6.43 (s, Ind, 1H), 3.92 (m, (2-Me)THF, 2H), 3.70 (m, (2-Me)THF, 1H), 1.88-1.98 (overlapping m, (2-Me)THF, 3H), 1.41 (m, (2-Me)THF, 1H), 1.23 (d, (2-Me)THF, 3H).
Example 2
Synthesis of C905




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added C973 (0.750 mg, 0.771 mmol), Ph2P[N(C2H4)2O] ([CAS 13743-27-6] 0.837 g, 3.08 mmol), and diethyl ether (20 mL). The suspension was allowed to stir for 14 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (5 mL) followed by diethyl ether/hexanes (1:1, 10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C905 as a red/brown powder (0.507 g, 72.7% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 7.71 (m, 6H), 7.61-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 11H), 7.24 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 3.42 (br s, 8H), 2.81 (br s, 8H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 79.3 (s).
Example 3
Synthesis of C940




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added C905 (0.200 mg, 0.221 mmol), 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (0.071 g, 0.23 mmol), and toluene (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours, devolatilized, and the resulting residue recrystallized from toluene/pentane at −35° C. The resulting brown crystals were separated by filtration and dried in vacuum affording C940 (0.146 g, 70.1% yield). FIG. 1 shows the ORTEP diagram of C940.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.33 (m, 7H), 7.27 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.11 (m, 6H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H), 6.93 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.22 (m, 4H), 2.65 (s, 6H), 2.62-2.48 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.81 (s, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 76.3 (s).
Example 4
Synthesis of C923




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added C973 (0.500 mg, 0.514 mmol), 4,4′-(phenylphosphinidene)bismorpholine ([CAS 13337-35-4] 0.576 g, 2.06 mmol), and diethyl ether (10 mL). The suspension was allowed to stir for 14 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (5 mL) followed by diethyl ether/hexanes (1:1, 10 mL) and hexanes (10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C923 as a red/brown powder (0.313 g, 66.0% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 7.95-7.15 (m, 18H), 7.15-6.30 (m, 2H), 3.49 (br s, 16H), 3.02 (br s, 16H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 97.3 (br s).
Example 5
Synthesis of C949




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added SIMes.HBr (0.110 mg, 0.285 mmol), KHMDS (0.057 g, 0.285 mmol), and toluene (2 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at ambient temperature, then it was filtered through a pad of celite, and combined with C923 and hexanes (8 mL) in a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The resulting suspension was subsequently stirred for 6 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene/hexanes (3:7, 2×10 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum, to afford C949 as a red/brown powder (0.239 g, 93.0% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 7.91 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.07 (m, 3H), 7.09-6.93 (m, 6H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.29 (br s, 4H), 3.26-3.03 (m, 4H), 2.96-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.69 (m, 4H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 97.4 (s).
Example 6
Synthesis of C941




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added C973 (1.00 g, 1.03 mmol), 4,4′′,4′′′-phosphinidyltrismorpholine ([CAS 5815-61-2] 1.19 g, 4.11 mmol), and diethyl ether (30 mL). The suspension was allowed to stir for 14 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (4×15 mL) followed by hexanes (2×10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C941 as a red powder (0.740 g, 76.5% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 8.61-8.44 (m, 1H), 7.87-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.60 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 3H), 3.52 (s, 24H), 3.15 (s, 24H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 100.1 (br s).
Example 7
Synthesis of C958




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C941 (0.500 g, 0.531 mmol), 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (0.171 g, 0.558 mmol), and diethyl ether (10 mL). The resulting suspension was allowed to stir for 8 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (2×10 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C958 as a red/brown powder (0.434 g, 85.3% yield). FIG. 2 shows the ORTEP diagram of C958.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 8.41 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.09-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 12H), 2.79 (s, 12H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.81 (s, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 108.8 (s).
Example 8
Synthesis of C1042




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium chloride (0.238 g, 0.558 mmol), potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.111 g, 0.558 mmol), and toluene (5 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at ambient temperature, filtered through a pad of celite, and combined with C941 (0.500 g, 0.531 mmol) and heptanes (15 mL) in a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The resulting suspension was subsequently stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene/heptanes (1:4, 2×10 mL) followed by heptanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C1042 (0.436 g, 78.7% yield) as a red/brown powder.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 4H), 7.23 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.73-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.61-6.56 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.17-3.91 (m, 4H), 3.91-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.18 (m, 12H), 3.19-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.77 (m, 6H), 2.75-2.63 (m, 6H), 1.58 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.53 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.37 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.09 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.82 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ 102.8 (s).
Example 9
Synthesis of C1050




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added SIMes.HBr (0.173 mg, 0.446 mmol), KHMDS (0.089 g, 0.446 mmol), and toluene (4 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at ambient temperature, then filtered through a pad of celite, and combined with C941 (0.400 g, 0.425 mmol) and hexanes (16 mL) in a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The resulting suspension was subsequently stirred for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene/hexanes (1:5, 2×10 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C1050 as a red/brown powder (0.406 g, 91.0% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 8.41 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 4H), 7.09-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 12H), 2.79 (s, 12H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.81 (s, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 108.9 (s).
Example 10
Synthesis of C947




To a 20 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar were added C1050 (0.300 g, 0.286 mmol), phenoxydiphenylphosphine ([CAS 13360-92-4] 0.057 g, 0.300 mmol), PTSA (0.169 g, 0.886 mmol) and toluene (5 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 60 minutes at ambient temperature, then it was filtered through a plug of silica gel, devolatilized and the resulting residue was recrystallized from toluene/heptanes at −35° C. The red/brown crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with toluene/heptanes (1:5, 2×10 mL) followed by heptanes (5 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C947 (0.228 g, 84.2% yield).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 8.18 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.27-7.11 (m, 7H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 7H), 6.97 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.78 (m, 2H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.79 (s, 3H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 127.9 (s).
Example 11
Synthesis of C609




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C601 (0.500 g, 0.833 mmol), 4,4′′,4′′′-phosphinidyntrismorpholine ([CAS 5815-61-2] 0.361 g, 1.25 mmol), and diethyl ether (20 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 4 hours at 35° C. then cooled to ambient temperature. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (2×10 mL), and dried in vacuum to afford C609 (0.420 g, 82.8% yield) as a pale red/brown powder.
1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ 16.69 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.81-4.70 (m, 1H), 3.52 (br s, 12H), 3.10 (br s, 12H), 1.72 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 6H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, C6D6) δ 120.3 (s). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 119.7 (s).
Example 12
Synthesis of C591




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C601 (0.500 g, 0.833 mmol), 4-(diphenylphosphino)morpholine (0.294 g, 1.08 mmol), and diethyl ether (20 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 4 hours at 30° C. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (2×10 mL), and dried in vacuum to afford C591 (0.302 g, 61.4% yield) as a pale red/brown powder.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 16.62 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.82-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.61 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.39 (m, 6H), 7.16 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.43-5.33 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, 4H), 1.85 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 6H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ 109.5 (s).
Example 13
Synthesis of C600




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C601 (0.500 g, 0.833 mmol), 4,4′-(phenylphosphinidene)bismorpholine (0.303 g, 1.08 mmol), and diethyl ether (20 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 4 hours at 30° C. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (2×10 mL), and dried in vacuum to afford C600 (0.422 g, 84.4% yield) as a pale red/brown powder.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 16.59 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.61 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.41-5.30 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.60 (m, 8H), 3.41-3.29 (m, 4H), 3.26-3.15 (m, 4H), 1.84 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ 125.9 (br s).
Example 14
Synthesis of C590




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C601 (0.500 g, 0.833 mmol), 1-(diphenylphosphino)piperidine ([CAS 22859-54-7] 0.292 g, 1.08 mmol), and diethyl ether (20 mL). The resulting reaction was allowed to stir for 14 hours at 30° C. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (2×10 mL), and then dissolved in a minimal amount of dichloromethane (4 mL). The solution was filtered through a pad of celite then hexanes (30 mL) was slowly added to afford a red precipitate. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes (2×10 mL), and dried in vacuum to afford C590 (0.191 g, 38.9% yield) as a red solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 16.70 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.59 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.37 (m, 6H), 7.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.42-5.31 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 4H), 1.86 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 6H), 1.66-1.50 (m, 6H). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ 107.9 (s).
Example 15
Synthesis of C627 from C591




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C591 (0.250 g, 0.423 mmol), P426 (0.216 g, 0.507 mmol), and 10% toluene/heptanes (v/v) (10 mL). The resulting reaction was heated to 90° C. for 5 hr. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes (2×10 mL) followed by methanol (2×10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C627 (0.146 g, 55.0% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data correspond to the data reported in the literature.
Example 16
Synthesis of C627 from C1050




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C1050 (0.5 g, 0.5 mmol), 2-isopropoxy-β-methylstyrene (0.18 g, 1.02 mmol), DCM (5 mL), and tosyl chloride (0.11 g, 0.57 mmol). The resulting reaction was heated to 60° C. for 30 min and then concentrated to dryness. The material was triturated with methanol (10 mL) and the resulting green solid was collected on a fritted funnel and washed with methanol (10 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C627 (0.268 g, 90% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data correspond to the data reported in the literature.
Example 17
Synthesis of C627 from C940




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stirbar was added C940 (0.5 g, 0.53 mmol), 2-iso-propoxy-β-methylstyrene (0.18 g, 1.02 mmol), EtOAc (20 mL), and tosyl chloride (0.11 g, 0.58 mmol). The resulting reaction was heated to 60° C. for 30 min and then concentrated to dryness. The material was triturated with methanol (10 mL) and the resulting green solid was collected on a fritted funnel and washed with methanol (10 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL) then dried in vacuum to afford C627 (0.177 g, 53% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data corresponded to the data reported in the literature.
Example 18
Synthesis of C627 from C609




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C609 (1.0 g, 1.64 mmol), P426 (0.805 g, 1.89 mmol), and 10% toluene/heptanes (v/v) (10 mL). The resulting reaction was heated to 90° C. for 3 hr. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration and dissolved in DCM (10 mL). PTSA (0.343 g) was added to the solution and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the C627 was triturated with MeOH (10 mL). The resulting precipitate was collected on a fritted funnel and washed with methanol (10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C627 (0.74 g, 72% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data corresponded to the data reported in the literature.
Example 19
Synthesis of C711 from C591




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C591 (0.250 g, 0.423 mmol), P510 (0.259 g, 0.507 mmol), and 10% toluene/heptanes (v/v) (10 mL). The resulting reaction was heated to 90° C. for 5 hr. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes (2×10 mL) followed by methanol (2×10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C711 (0.224 g, 74.5% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data corresponded to the data reported in the literature.
Example 20
Synthesis of C627 from C609




To a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added C609 (1.0 g, 1.64 mmol), P510 (1.0 g, 1.96 mmol), and 10% toluene/heptanes (v/v) (10 mL). The resulting reaction was heated to 90° C. for 5 hr. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes (2×10 mL) followed by methanol (2×10 mL), then dried in vacuum to afford C711 (0.64 g, 54.8% yield) as a green solid. The NMR data corresponded to the data reported in the literature.
Example 21
Synthesis of C829




To a THF solution (5 mL) of C787 (215 mg, 0.273 mmol) was added a THF solution (3 mL) of Cy2P(morph) (309.8 mg, 1.093 mmol) at r.t. The mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 15 min, leading to the quantitative formation of C829 as monitored in situ by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure to afford a sticky solid. To this solid was added n-pentane (3×10 mL), and the resulting solid was removed by filtration. The combined n-pentane solutions were slowly concentrated by vapor diffusion into hexamethyldisiloxane at r.t. over 12 h, affording purple crystals of C829 (80 mg, 35%) which were isolated by filtration, washed with cold n-pentane, and dried under vacuum. FIG. 9 shows the ORTEP diagram of C829.
1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6): δ 20.52 (s, 1H), 8.47 (d, 2H, JH-H=10.6 Hz), 7.16 (t, 1H, JH-H=7.2 Hz), 7.00 (t, 2H, JH-H=7.5 Hz), 3.53 (t, 8H, JH-H=3.8 Hz), 2.82-2.76 (m, 8H), 1.98-1.12 (m, 44H). 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6): δ 95.7 (s).
Example 22
Synthesis of C952




To a toluene solution (2 mL) of SIMes-HCl (34.7 mg, 0.101 mmol) was added solid KHMDS (20.2 mg, 0.101 mmol). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at r.t. for 15 min, and then transferred into a toluene solution (5 mL) of C829 (79.8 mg, 0.096 mmol). The reaction was warmed up to 65° C. for 12 h. The resulting suspension was then passed through a short plug of Celite to remove the unwanted solid. All volatiles were removed under reduced pressure, affording a brown solid which was washed with cold n-pentane (10 mL). Further recrystallization from THF/pentane yielded brown/pink crystals of C852 (50 mg, 61%). FIG. 3 shows the ORTEP diagram of C852.
1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6): δ 19.56 (s, 1H), 9.13 (bs, 2H), 7.11-6.90 (m, 5H), 6.10 (bs, 2H), 3.45 (t, 4H, JH-H=4.3 Hz), 3.31-0.75 (m, 48H). 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6): δ 92.2 (s).
Example 23
Synthesis of C907




To a THF solution (6 mL) of C765 (250 mg, 0.327 mmol) was added a THF solution (6 mL) of Cy2P(morph) (370.6 mg, 1.308 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 15 min, leading to the quantitative formation of C907 as monitored in situ by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressures to afford a brown oil. To this oil was added n-pentane (45 mL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min, and the resulting solid was removed by filtration. The n-pentane solution was concentrated to  ̃20 mL, and allowed to stand at −30° C. for 12 h, affording purple crystals of C807 (74 mg, 28%) which were isolated by filtration, washed with cold n-pentane, and dried under vacuum.
1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6): δ 19.81 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.2 Hz), 8.08 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.2 Hz), 3.60 (t, 8H, JH-H=3.7 Hz), 2.94 (t, 8H, JH-H=3.7 Hz), 2.07-0.91 (m, 54H). 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6): δ 95.3 (s).
Example 24
Synthesis of C830




To a THF solution (2 mL) of C807 (50 mg, 0.062 mmol) was added a THF solution (2 mL) of SIMes-CHCl3 (26.4 mg, 0.062 mmol). The reaction was warmed up to 65° C. for 2 h. During the course of the reaction, the color changed from purple to brown. All volatiles were removed under reduced pressures, affording a brown solid. To this solid was added n-pentane (3×10 mL), and the resulting solid was removed by filtration. The combined n-pentane solution was slowly concentrated by vapor diffusion into hexamethyldisiloxane at r.t. over 12 h, affording brown crystals of C830 (18 mg, 35%) which were isolated by filtration, washed with Et2O, and dried under vacuum.
1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6): δ 19.03 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.3 Hz), 7.68 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.3 Hz), 6.85 (s, 2H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, 4H, JH-H=2.9 Hz), 2.74 (s, 6H), 2.50 (s, 6H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.07-0.92 (m, 36H). 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6): δ 90.3 (s).
Example 25
Synthesis of C903




To a THF solution (3 mL) of C765 (100 mg, 0.131 mmol) was added a THF solution (3 mL) of Cy2P(OiPr) ([CAS 65796-69-2]134.1 mg, 0.523 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 15 min, leading to the quantitative formation of the bis-phosphinite complex as monitored in situ by 31P NMR spectroscopy (143.6 ppm). To this solution was added a THF solution (2 mL) of SIMes-CHCl3 (55.7 mg, 0.131 mmol). The resulting mixture was allowed to reflux at 65° C. for 2 h. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressures to afford a brown solid. To this solid was added n-pentane (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 5 min, and the resulting solid was removed by filtration. Slow evaporation of the n-pentane filtrate afforded brown crystals of C803 (71 mg, 68%) which were isolated by filtration, washed with cold n-pentane, and dried under vacuum. FIG. 4 shows the ORTEP diagram of C803.
1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6): δ 18.94 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.2 Hz), 7.57 (d, 1H, JH-H=11.2 Hz), 6.84 (s, 2H), 6.58 (s, 2H), 3.24-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.77 (s, 6H), 2.50 (s, 6H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.66-0.90 (m, 18H). 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6): δ 151.0 (s).
Example 26
Synthesis of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Represented by Formula (XI)




To a THF solution (2 mL) of the bispyridine complex C727 (100 mg, 0.138 mmol) was added 1.2 equivalent (0.165 mmol) of the corresponding PR1R2R3 ligand of Formula (II) in TH (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. All volatiles were then removed under reduced pressures. Addition of pentane or diethyl ether led to a pink precipitate of the desired complex which was isolated by filtration and dried under vacuum.
The olefin metathesis catalysts synthesized according to the procedure described in Example 26 are disclosed in Table 6. FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the ORTEP diagrams of C850, C825, C832, and C865, respectively.












TABLE 6





Olefin metathesis catalyst




Quantity (mg)
Yield (%)
δ 1H NMR (300 MHz; C6D6)
δ 31P NMR (121 MHz; C6D6)




















C852




110
94
19.56 (s, 1H), 9.13 (bs, 2H), 7.11-6.90 (m, 5H), 6.10 (bs, 2H), 3.45 (t, 4H, JH-H = 4.3 Hz), 3.31-0.75 (m, 48H)
92.2 (s)


 


C855




79
67
19.30 (s, 1H), 8.03 (bs, 2H), 7.10-6.88 (m, 5H), 6.17 (bs, 2H), 3.27 (t, 16H, JH-H = 3.8 Hz), 2.75 (s, 6H), 2.69- 2.67 (m, 12H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 3H).
131.9 (s)


 


C858




103
87
19.44 (s, 1H), 7.96 (bs, 2H), 7.00-6.92 (m, 5H), 6.15 (bs, 2H), 3.27-0.72 (m, 46H).
116.9 (s)


 


C840




110
95
19.32 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 2H, JH-H = 8.5 Hz), 7.37 (t, 4H,  JH-H = 7.5 Hz), 7.05-6.95 (m, 7H), 6.77 (t, 2H, JH-H = 7.5 Hz), 6.72 (s, 2H), 6.19 (s, 2H), 3.44-3.26
86.7 (s)






(m, 6H), 2.68







(s, 6H), 2.58-







2.55 (m, 4H).







2.28 (s, 6H),







2.17 (s, 3H),







1.85 (s, 3H).



 


C849




95
81
19.11 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, 2H, JH-H = 5.9 Hz), 7.17 (t, 1H, JH-H = 6.8 Hz), 7.11-6.97 (m, 7H), 6.84 (t, 2H, JH-H = 8.8 Hz), 6.80 (s, 2H), 6.16 (s, 2H), 3.43-3.23
107.9 (s)






(m, 12H),







2.73-2.65 (m,







11H). 2.26 (s,







6H), 2.22 (s,







3H), 2.08 (s,







3H), 1.82 (s,







3H)



 


C850




93
80
19.65 (s, 1H), 9.30 (bs, 2H), 7.08-6.89 (m, 5H), 6.53 (bs, 2H), 3.30-0.77 (m, 54H).
92.1 (s)


 


C825




101
89
19.55 (d, 1H, JH-H = 11.2 2H), 7.16-6.94 (m, 3H), 6.85 (s, 2H), 6.16 (bs, 2H), 4.18- 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.76 (s, 6H), 2.36 (s, 6H), 2.17 (s,
145.9 (s)






3H), 1.80 (s,







3H), 1.69-1.03







(m, 18H), 0.94







(d, 6H, JH-H =







5.9 Hz)



 


C832




96
84
19.74 (d, 1H, JH-H = 11.2 Hz), 8.17 (bs, 2H), 7.10-6.88 (m, 5H), 6.65- 6.63 (m, 2H), 6.16 (bs, 2H), 6.11 (s, 2H), 3.44-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.75 (s, 6H), 2.36 (s, 6H), 2.19 (s,
92.0 (s)






3H), 1.80 (s,







3H), 1.58-0.93







(m, 22H).



 


C865




89
75
19.53 (s, 1H), 8.24 (bs, 2H), 7.18-6.89 (m, 5H), 6.17 (bs, 2H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.43- 3.26 (m, 4H), 2.77 (s, 6H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.82 (s, 3H),
150.3 (s)






1.78-1.01 (m,







32H).



 


C850n




82
54
(400 MHz; C6D6): δ 19.47 (s, 1H), 8.46 (bs, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (s, 3H), 6.20 (m, 2H), 3.44- 3.17 (m, 4H), 3.04-2.75
(161.8 MHz; C6D6): δ 133.0 (s)






(m, 11H), 2.75-







2.56 (s, 6H),







2.22 (s, 3H),







1.82 (s, 3H),







1.69-1.50







(m, 5H), 1.41







(s, 11H), 1.28







(s, 7H), 1.08-







0.75 (m, 3H).



 


C851




92
78
(400 MHz; C6D6): δ 19.70 (s, 1H), 8.30 (bs, 2H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.04- 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 2H), 6.25 (s, 2H), 3.43- 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.86 (s, 6H),
(161.8 MHz; C6D6): δ 118.7 (s)






2.85-2.77







(m, 12H), 2.48







(s, 6H), 222







(s, 3H), 182







(s, 3H), 1.48-







1.34 (m, 6H),







1.29 (m, 12H)









Catalytic Activity of Complexes
Example 27
RCM of Diethyl Diallylmalonate
Ring closing metathesis reactions of diethyl diallylmalonate were run in the presence of different catalysts of the invention. In an argon filled glovebox, diethyl diallylmalonate (0.200 mL, 0.827 mmol), catalyst (0.021 mmol) and toluene (4 mL) were combined in a 40 mL scintillation vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The resulting reaction was stirred at 80° C. and analyzed by gas chromatography.
















 










entry
catalyst
time
% yield













1
C609
1
15


2

3
30


3

5
36


4

20
50


5
C600
1
1


6

3
1


7

5
1


8

20
1


9
C591
1
3


10

3
5


11

5
6


12

20
9









Example 28
Vinyl Ether Quenching Experiments
The catalysts of the invention show fast initiation, as indicated by the vinyl ether quenching experiments. For example, the initiation rate of the C932 complex is about two orders of magnitude faster than the C849 analogue.




FIG. 10 shows the vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C849, C865, C825, C850, C852, and C832. FIG. 11 shows the vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C831, C840, C849, and C858. FIG. 12 shows the vinyl ether quenching experiments for catalysts: C848, C852, C855, and C858.

Example 29
ROMP Reactions
The catalytic activity of the complexes according to the invention, was evaluated in ROMP reactions as follows. A 250 mL beaker was filled with 100 g of DCPD-HT monomer and 50 ppm of CHP (cumene hydroperoxide). The monomer was equilibrated to the desired temperature in an oil bath (30° C.+/−0.5° C.). A J-Type thermocouple was suspended directly into the center of the monomer. The catalyst under study was dissolved in solvent (either toluene or CH2Cl2) to form a catalyst solution and the catalyst solution was then added to the monomer at a molar ratio of 45,000:1 (monomer:catalyst) to form a ROMP composition. Addition of the catalyst to the monomer to form the ROMP composition denoted the start of the ROMP reaction and hence, this was time point zero. Temperature readings were recorded using the thermocouple. The exotherm time was determined by measuring the amount of time that passed (i.e., the time difference) between time point zero and the time point that a propagating interface of the ROMP composition was first visually observed as the ROMP composition transitioned from a liquid state or gel state to a cured polymer state. ROMP reactions were stopped 2 hours after addition of the catalyst solution to the monomer. Time to exotherm is expressed by: slow >120 minutes; moderate 30-120 minutes; medium 1-<30 minutes; fast <1 minute and peak exotherm temperature are shown in Table 7.










TABLE 7






DCPD-HT





Monomer
Time to Exotherm
Peak Exotherm


Catalyst
Temperature (° C.)
(min.)
Temperature (° C.)







C931
30
medium
192


 











 


C940
30
moderate
192


 











 


C949morph
30
moderate
192


 











 


C958
30
moderate
188


 











 


C949
30
slow
186

## Claims

1. A method of synthesizing an olefin metathesis catalyst represented by the structure of Formula (C)




the method comprising contacting an olefin metathesis catalyst represented by the structure of Formula (IVa)




with a N-Heterocyclic Carbene ligand of formula




at, wherein:
X1 and X2 are independently halogen, trifluoroacetate, per-fluorophenols or nitrate;
R1 is unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —NRC1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R2 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle, substituted saturated N-heterocycle, —NH(C1-C24 alkyl), —N(C1-C24 alkyl)2, —NH(C5-C24 aryl), —N(C5-C24 aryl)2, —N(C1-C24 alkyl)(C5-C24 aryl) or —N[(C1-C6 alkylene)(C5-C24 aryl)]2;
R3 is unsubstituted (C5-C24 aryl), substituted (C5-C24 aryl), unsubstituted saturated N-heterocycle or substituted saturated N-heterocycle;
R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted C5-C24 aryl, or substituted C5-C24 aryl;
generally R5 and R6 are independently substituted C5-C24 aryl with one to three unsubstituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups or substituted (C1-C6 alkyl) groups.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
R1 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino;
R2 is phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; and
R3 is phenyl or morpholino;
X1 is Cl;
X2 is Cl; and
R5 and R6 are independently 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl, or 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl.