EXHIBIT 3

                                     BY-LAWS


                                JANUARY 21, 1997


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                       Bankers Trust New York Corporation
           (Incorporated under the New York Business Corporation Law)

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                             BANKERS TRUST NEW YORK
                                   CORPORATION

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                                     BY-LAWS

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                                    ARTICLE I

                                  SHAREHOLDERS

SECTION 1.01 Annual Meetings. The annual meetings of shareholders for the
election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may
properly come before the meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday in April of
each year, if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday then on the next
succeeding business day, at such hour as shall be designated by the Board of
Directors. If no other hour shall be so designated such meeting shall be held at
3 P.M.

SECTION 1.02 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, except
those regulated otherwise by statute, may be called at any time by the Board of
Directors, or by any person or committee expressly so authorized by the Board of
Directors and by no other person or persons.

SECTION 1.03 Place of Meetings. Meetings of shareholders shall be held at such
place within or without the State of New York as shall be determined from time
to time by the Board of Directors or, in the case of special meetings, by such
person or persons as may be authorized to call a meeting. The place in which
each meeting is to be held shall be specified in the notice of such meeting.

SECTION 1.04 Notice of Meetings. A copy of the written notice of the place, date
and hour of each meeting of shareholders shall be given personally or by mail,
not less than ten nor more than fifty days before the date of the meeting, to
each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice of a special meeting
shall indicate that it is being issued by or at the direction of the person or
persons calling the meeting and shall also state the purpose or purposes for
which the meeting is called. Notice of any meeting at which is proposed to take
action which would entitle shareholders to receive payment for their shares
pursuant to statutory provisions must include a statement of that purpose and to
that effect. If mailed, such notices of the annual and each special meeting are
given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
shareholder at 

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his address as it appears in the record of shareholders unless he shall have
filed with the Secretary of the corporation a written request that notices
intended for him shall be mailed to some other address, in which case it shall
be directed to him at such other address.

SECTION 1.05 Record Date. For the purpose of determining the shareholders
entitled to notice of or to vote any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment
thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any proposal without a
meeting, or for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of
any other action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date as the
record date for any such determination of shareholders. Such date shall not be
more than fifty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more
than fifty days prior to any other action.

SECTION 1.06 Quorum. The presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a
majority of the shares entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum at a
meeting of shareholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise
provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by the By-Laws. The
shareholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at any meeting,
despite the absence of a quorum, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from
time to time, to a designated time and place, without notice other than by
announcement at the meeting, and at any adjourned meeting any business may be
transacted that might have been transacted on the original date of the meeting.
However, if after the adjournment the Board of Directors fixes a new record date
for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to
each shareholder of record on the new record date entitled to notice.

SECTION 1.07 Notice of Shareholder Business at Annual Meeting. At an annual
meeting of shareholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have
been brought before the meeting (a) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or (b) by any shareholder of the corporation who complies with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.07. For business to be properly
brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the shareholder must have
given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To
be timely, a shareholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at
the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than thirty days nor
more than fifty days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in the event
that less than forty days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the
meeting is given or made to shareholders, notice by the shareholder to be timely
must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure was made. A shareholder's notice to the Secretary shall
set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the annual
meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the
annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual
meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the corporation's books, of
the shareholder proposing such business, (c) the class and number of shares of
the corporation which are beneficially owned by the shareholder and (d) any
material interest 


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of the shareholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws
to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.07 and Section 2.03.
The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting
and in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.07 and Section 2.03, and
if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and any such
business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

                                   ARTICLE II

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 2.01 Number and Qualifications. The business of the corporation shall be
managed by its Board of Directors. The number of directors constituting the
entire Board of Directors shall be not less than five nor more than twenty-five,
as shall be fixed from time to time by vote of a majority of the entire Board of
Directors. Unless and until otherwise so fixed, the number of directors
constituting the entire Board shall be five. Each director shall be at least 21
years of age. No person who shall have attained age 72 shall be eligible to be
elected or re-elected as a director. Directors need not be shareholders. No
Officer-Director who shall have attained age 65, or earlier relinquishes his
responsibilities and title, shall be eligible to serve as a director.

SECTION 2.02 Election. At each annual meeting of shareholders, directors shall
be elected by a plurality of the votes to hold office until the next annual
meeting. Subject to the provisions of the statute, of the Certificate of
Incorporation and of the By-Laws, each director shall hold office until the
expiration of the term for which elected, and until his successor has been
elected and qualified.

SECTION 2.03 Nomination and Notification of Nomination. Subject to the rights of
holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common
Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nominations for the election of
directors may be made by the Board of Directors or to any committee appointed by
the Board of Directors or by any shareholder entitled to vote in the election of
directors generally. However, any shareholder entitled to vote in the election
of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as
directors at a meeting only if written notice of such shareholder's intent to
make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal delivery
or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the corporation
not later than (i) with respect to an election to be held at an annual meeting
of shareholders ninety days in advance of such meeting, and (ii) with respect to
an election to be held at a special meeting of shareholders for the election of
directors, the close of business on the seventh day following the date on which
notice of such meeting is first given to shareholders. Each 


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such notice shall set forth: (a) the name and address of the shareholder who
intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (b)
a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the
corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or
by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the
notice; (c) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the
shareholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person
or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by
the shareholder; (d) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by
such shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed
pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, had the
nominee been nominated, or intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors;
and (e) the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the corporation if
so elected. At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by
the Board of Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary
of the corporation that information required to be set forth in a shareholder's
notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible
for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance
with the procedures set forth in the By-Laws. The Chairman of the meeting shall,
if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was
not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these By-Laws, and if
he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective
nomination shall be disregarded.

SECTION 2.04 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held without notice at such places and times as may be fixed from time to time
by resolution of the Board and a regular meeting for the purpose of organization
and transaction of other business shall be held each year after the adjournment
of the annual meeting of shareholders.

SECTION 2.05 Special Meetings. The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, the President, the Senior Vice Chairman or any Vice Chairman may, and
at the request of three directors shall, call a special meeting of the Board of
Directors, two days' notice of which shall be given in person or by mail,
telegraph, radio, telephone or cable. Notice of a special meeting need not be
given to any director who submits a signed waiver of notice whether before or
after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto
or at its commencement, the lack of notice to him.

SECTION 2.06 Place of Meeting. The directors may hold their meetings, have one
or more offices, and keep the books of the corporation (except as may be
provided by law) at any place, either within or without the State of New York,
as they may from time to time determine.

SECTION 2.07 Quorum and Vote. At all meetings of the Board of Directors the
presence of one-third of the entire Board, but not less than two directors,
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Any one or more
members of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may participate in
a meeting of the Board of 


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Directors or a committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar
communications equipment which allows all persons participating in the meeting
to hear each other at the same time. Participation by such means shall
constitute presence in person at such a meeting. The vote of a majority of the
directors present at the time of the vote, if a quorum is present at such time,
shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided
by statute or the By-Laws.

SECTION 2.08 Vacancies. Newly created directorships resulting from increase in
the number of directors and vacancies in the Board of Directors, whether caused
by resignation, death, removal or otherwise, may be filled by vote of a majority
of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum exists.

                                   ARTICLE III

                         EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES

SECTION 3.01 Designation and Authority. The Board of Directors, by resolution
adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate from among its members
an Executive Committee and other committees, each consisting of three or more
directors. Each such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution or the
By-Laws, shall have all the authority of the Board, except that no such
committee shall have authority as to:

     (i) the submission to shareholders of any action as to which shareholders'
authorization is required by law.

     (ii) the filling of vacancies in the Board of Directors or any committee.

     (iii) the fixing of compensation of directors for serving on the Board or
on any committee.

     (iv) the amendment or appeal of the By-Laws, or the adoption of new
By-Laws.

     (v) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board which by its
terms shall not be so amendable or repealable.

The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any such
committee, who may replace any absent member or members at any meeting of such
committee. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of
Directors.

SECTION 3.02 Procedure. Except as may be otherwise provided by statute, by the
By-Laws or by resolution of the Board of Directors, each committee may make
rules for 


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the call and conduct of its meetings. Each committee shall keep a record of its
acts and proceedings and shall report the same from time to time to the Board of
Directors.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    OFFICERS

SECTION 4.01 Titles and General. The Board of Directors shall elect from among
their number a Chairman of the Board and a Chief Executive Officer, and shall
also elect a President, a Senior Vice Chairman, one or more Vice Chairmen, one
or more Executive Vice Presidents, one or more Senior Vice Presidents, one or
more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Controller, a Treasurer, a General Counsel,
a General Auditor, and a General Credit Auditor, who need not be directors. The
officers of the corporation may also include such other officers or assistant
officers as shall from time to time be elected or appointed by the Board. The
Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer or, in their absence, the
President, the Senior Vice Chairman or any Vice Chairman, may from time to time
appoint assistant officers. All officers elected or appointed by the Board of
Directors shall hold their respective offices during the pleasure of the Board
of Directors, and all assistant officers shall hold office at the pleasure of
the Board or the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer or, in
their absence, the President, the Senior Vice Chairman or any Vice Chairman. The
Board of Directors may require any and all officers and employees to give
security for the faithful performance of their duties.

SECTION 4.02 Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at
all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors. Subject to the
Board of Directors, he shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties
usual to such office and shall have such other powers as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee or vested in him by the
By-Laws.

SECTION 4.03 Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors shall designate the
Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, which person may also hold the
additional title of Chairman of the Board, President, Senior Vice Chairman or
Vice Chairman. Subject to the Board of Directors, he shall exercise all the
powers and perform all the duties usual to such office and shall have such other
powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee
or vested in him by the By-Laws.

SECTION 4.04 Chairman of the Board, President, Senior Vice Chairman, Vice
Chairmen and Vice Presidents. The Chairman of the Board or, in his absence or
incapacity the President or, in his absence or incapacity, the Senior Vice
Chairman, the Vice Chairmen, the Executive Vice Presidents, or in their absence,
the Senior Vice Presidents, in the order established by the Board of Directors
shall, in the absence or incapacity of the Chief Executive Officer perform the
duties of the Chief Executive Officer. The President, the Senior Vice Chairman,
the Vice Chairmen, the Executive Vice 


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Presidents, the Senior Vice Presidents, and the Vice Presidents shall also
perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed or
assigned to them, respectively, from time to time by the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer, or the By-Laws.

SECTION 4.05 Controller. The Controller shall perform all the duties customary
to that office and except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors
shall have the general supervision of the books of account of the corporation
and shall also perform such other duties and have such powers as may be
prescribed or assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer, or the By-Laws.

SECTION 4.06 Secretary. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the meetings of
the Board of Directors and of the shareholders and shall have the custody of the
seal of the corporation. He shall perform all other duties usual to that office,
and shall also perform such other duties and have such powers as may be
prescribed or assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or
the By-Laws.

                                    ARTICLE V

                INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND OTHERS

SECTION 5.01 The corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Section
721 of the New York Business Corporation Law, indemnify any person who is or was
made, or threatened to be made, a party to an action or proceeding, whether
civil or criminal, whether involving any actual or alleged breach of duty,
neglect or error, any accountability, or any actual or alleged misstatement,
misleading statement or other act or omission and whether brought or threatened
in any court or administrative or legislative body or agency, including an
action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor
and an action by or in the right of any other corporation of any type or kind,
domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit
plan or other enterprise, which any director or officer of the corporation is
serving or served in any capacity at the request of the corporation by reason of
the fact that he, his testator or intestate, is or was a director or officer of
the corporation, or is serving or served such other corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise in any capacity,
against judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement, and costs, charges and
expenses, including attorneys' fees, or any appeal therein; provided, however,
that no indemnification shall be provided to any such person if a judgment or
other final adjudication adverse to the director or officer establishes that (i)
his acts were committed in bad faith or were the result of active and deliberate
dishonesty and, in either case, were material to the cause of action so
adjudicated, or (ii) he personally gained in fact a financial profit or other
advantage to which he was not legally entitled.


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SECTION 5.02 The corporation may indemnify any other person to whom the
corporation is permitted to provide indemnification or the advancement of
expenses by applicable law, whether pursuant to rights granted pursuant to, or
provided by, the New York Business Corporation Law or other rights created by
(i) a resolution of shareholders, (ii) a resolution of directors, or (iii) an
agreement providing for such indemnification, it being expressly intended that
these By-Laws authorize the creation of other rights in any such manner.

SECTION 5.03 The corporation shall, from time to time, reimburse or advance to
any person referred to in Section 5.01 the funds necessary for payment of
expenses, including attorneys' fees, incurred in connection with any action or
proceeding referred to in Section 5.01, upon receipt of a written undertaking by
or on behalf of such person to repay such amount(s) if a judgment or other final
adjudication adverse to the director or officer establishes that (i) his acts
were committed in bad faith or were the result of active and deliberate
dishonesty and, in either case, were material to the cause of action so
adjudicated, or (ii) he personally gained in fact a financial profit or other
advantage to which he was not legally entitled.

SECTION 5.04 Any director or officer of the corporation serving (i) another
corporation, of which a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election
of its directors is held by the corporation, or (ii) any employee benefit plan
of the corporation or any corporation referred to in clause (i), in any capacity
shall be deemed to be doing so at the request of the corporation. In all other
cases, the provisions of this Article V will apply (i) only if the person
serving another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise so served at the specific request of the
corporation, evidenced by a written communication signed by the Chairman of the
Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Senior Vice Chairman or
any Vice Chairman, and (ii) only if and to the extent that, after making such
efforts as the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the
President shall deem adequate in the circumstances, such person shall be unable
to obtain indemnification from such other enterprise or its insurer.

SECTION 5.05 Any person entitled to be indemnified or to the reimbursement or
advancement of expenses as a matter of right pursuant to this Article V may
elect to have the right to indemnification (or advancement of expenses)
interpreted on the basis of the applicable law in effect at the time of the
occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, to
the extent permitted by law, or on the basis of the applicable law in effect at
the time indemnification is sought.

SECTION 5.06 The right to be indemnified or to the reimbursement or advancement
of expenses pursuant to this Article V (i) is a contract right pursuant to which
the person entitled thereto may bring suit as if the provisions hereof were set
forth in a separate written contract between the corporation and the director or
officer, (ii) is intended to be 


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retroactive and shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the
adoption hereof, and (iii) shall continue to exist after the rescission or
restrictive modification hereof with respect to events occurring prior thereto.

SECTION 5.07 If a request to be indemnified or for the reimbursement or
advancement of expenses pursuant hereto is not paid in full by the corporation
within thirty days after a written claim has been received by the corporation,
the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to
recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part,
the claimant shall be entitled also to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such
claim. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors,
independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses to the claimant is proper in the
circumstances, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its
Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) that the
claimant is not entitled to indemnification or to the reimbursement or
advancement of expenses, shall be a defense to the action or create a
presumption that the claimant is not so entitled.

SECTION 5.08 A person who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in
the defense of a civil or criminal action or proceeding of the character
described in Section 5.01 shall be entitled to indemnification only as provided
in Sections 5.01 and 5.03, notwithstanding any provision of the New York
Business Corporation Law to the contrary.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                      SEAL

SECTION 6.01 Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall contain the name of the
corporation and the year and state of its incorporation. The seal may be altered
from time to time at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                               SHARE CERTIFICATES

SECTION 7.01 Form. The certificates for shares of the corporation shall be in
such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors and shall be signed by
the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the
Senior Vice Chairman or any Vice Chairman and the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary, and shall be sealed with the seal of the corporation or a facsimile
thereof. The signatures of the officers upon the 


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certificate may be facsimiles if the certificate is countersigned by a transfer
agent or registered by a registrar other than the corporation itself or its
employees.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                     CHECKS

SECTION 8.01 Signatures. All checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of
money shall be signed by such officer or officers or agent or agents as the
Board of Directors may designate from time to time.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                    AMENDMENT

SECTION 9.01 Amendment of By-Laws. The By-Laws may be amended, repealed or added
to by vote of the holders of the shares at the time entitled to vote in the
election of any directors. The Board of Directors may also amend, repeal or add
to the By-Laws, but any By-Laws adopted by the Board of Directors may be amended
or repealed by the shareholders entitled to vote thereon as provided herein. If
any By-Law regulating an impending election of directors is adopted, amended or
repealed by the Board, there shall be set forth in the notice of the next
meeting of shareholders for the election of directors the By-Laws so adopted,
amended or repealed, together with concise statement of the changes made.

                                    ARTICLE X

SECTION 10.01 Construction. The masculine gender, when appearing in these
By-Laws, shall be deemed to include the feminine gender.


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I, Lea Lahtinen, [Assistant] Secretary of Bankers Trust New York Corporation,
New York, New York, hereby certify that the foregoing is a complete, true and
correct copy of the By-Laws of Bankers Trust New York Corporation, and that the
same are in full force and effect at this date.

                                                 /s/ Lea Lahtinen
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                                                     [ASSISTANT] SECRETARY


DATED: January 27, 1997


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