Filed 12/1/15 In re Gavin T. and Aiden T. CA2/6

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or 

ordered published for purposes of rule 8.111.5. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION SIX

In re GAVIN T. and AIDEN T., Persons 

Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.

2d Juv. No. B261120

(Super. Ct. No. 1436246 ) 

(Super. Ct. No. 1436247)

(Santa Barbara County)

CHILD WELFARE SERVICES, 

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

C.W. ,

 Defendant and Appellant.

C.W. appeals a jurisdictional/disposition order removing her nine-year-old 

son, Aiden T., from her physical custody. (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 300, subd. (b); 361, subd. 

(c)(1).)1 The order was entered after the trial court found that appellant's substance abuse 

and domestic violence posed a substantial risk of harm to Aiden. We affirm. 

Facts and Procedural History

On October 20, 2014, Santa Barbara Child Welfare Services (CWS) filed a 

dependency petition to detain 16-year-old Gavin T. and nine-year-old Aiden T. The petition 

alleged that appellant failed to protect the children (§ 300, subd. (b)) who were at risk of 

 

1

All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code. 
2

serious harm due to appellant's domestic violence and substance abuse. (§ 300, subd. (c)). 

Before the petition was filed, appellant was offered a two week detox program but quit the 

program the first day. 

The petition stated that Aiden's older brother, Gavin, was smoking marijuana 

to deal with stress, anxiety, and depression and was not attending school due to concerns 

about Aiden's safety. Aiden suffered from severe separation anxiety, had difficulties 

sleeping, and missed many days of school. The children's father, M.T., was not there to 

protect the children and had been deported multiple times for criminal activity Father's 

criminal record included driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, false personation, 

disorderly conduct and public intoxication, possession of a controlled substance for sale, 

assault with a deadly weapon likely to produce great bodily injury, felon in possession of a 

firearm, and driving with a suspended license. 

On October 22, 2014, the trial court detained the children and placed them 

with their maternal great uncle. At a contested jurisdictional/disposition hearing, the trial 

court sustained the petition, removed Aiden and Gavin from appellant's physical custody, 

and ordered supervised visits and reunification services. 

Sufficiency of the Evidence

Appellant contends that the evidence does not support the removal of Aiden.2 

We review for substantial evidence, resolving all conflicts and drawing all reasonable 

inferences in favor of the judgment. (In re Christopher C. (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 73, 84.) 

On appeal, we are precluded from reweighing the evidence or determining the credibility of 

the witnesses. (In re B.D. (2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 975, 986.) Where the petition alleges 

multiple grounds to bring a child within the dependency court's jurisdiction, the trial court's 

jurisdictional finding will be affirmed if any one of the statutory bases for jurisdiction 

enumerated in the petition is supported by substantial evidence. (In re D.P. (2015) 237 

Cal.App.4th 911, 916.) "As long as there is one unassailable jurisdictional finding, it is 

 

2

Appellant does not challenge the order removing 16-year-old Gavin from her custody. 
3

immaterial that another might be inappropriate." (In re Ashley B. (2011) 202 Cal.App.4th 

968, 979.)

Domestic Violence

Appellant argues that Aiden has not suffered physical harm but that is not a 

jurisdictional requirement for a removal order. (In re Hailey T. (2012) 212 Cal.App.4th 

139, 146.) "The court need not wait until a child is seriously abused or injured to assume 

jurisdiction and take steps necessary to protect the child. [Citations.]" (In re R.V. (2012) 208 

Cal.App.4th 837, 843.) The evidence shows that appellant's boyfriend verbally and 

physically abused appellant and 16-year-old Gavin when Aiden was present. 3 The domestic 

violence included yelling, screaming, cussing, and physical violence. On several occasions, 

Gavin believed the boyfriend was harming appellant and intervened. In one incident, the 

boyfriend grabbed Gavin by the neck leaving marks on his neck. On another occasion, the 

boyfriend put Gavin's head in a pillow and threatened to kill him. 

The trial court did not err in finding that Aiden's exposure to domestic 

violence posed a substantial risk of physical harm. (See In re R.C. (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 

930, 941; In re Heather A. (1996) 52 Cal.App.4th 183, 194 [exposure to recurring domestic 

violence sufficient to establish risk of suffering serious physical harm]; Cal. Juvenile 

Dependency Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 2015) § 3.9, p. 164.) As a matter of common sense, 

recurring domestic violence is detrimental to children and grounds for removal. (In re T.V. 

(2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 126, 134.) "Domestic violence impacts children even if they are 

not the ones being physically abused, 'because they see and hear the violence and the 

screaming.' [Citations.]" (Ibid.) 

Substance Abuse

Appellant's substance abuse also supports the order for Aiden's removal. 

Appellant has abused methamphetamine and opiates for years which affects her ability to 

 

3

The boyfriend has been on parole since 2004, abuses drugs, and has a criminal history that 

includes receiving stolen property and grand theft. He is prohibited from associating with 

gangs or entering the City of Santa Barbara without first notifying his parole agent. 
4

protect and care for Aiden. The trial court found that appellant and her boyfriend "used 

drugs together, I think on a fairly regular basis. They minimize their drug use. They have 

engaged in domestic violence. They both, in turn, minimize that." 

Appellant stated that when she is not taking opiates, her "anxiety levels are 

just so much that I become almost mentally fogged to where I can't even determine what's 

going on due to [my] Graves' disease." Appellant admitted that Graves' disease is a serious 

medical condition and that she is not taking prescription medication. Instead, appellant selfmedicates with methamphetamine to "compress" her emotions and gain energy. The 

boyfriend stated that it causes appellant to behave erratically, "like Arnold Schwarzenegger 

on steroids. . . ." 

Appellant also takes opiates and methamphetamine to avoid drug withdrawal 

symptoms. When appellant entered the detox program on October 17, 2014, she tested 

positive for methamphetamine, amphetamine, opiods, oxycontin, and benziodiazapines. 

Appellant "could not handle" it and quit the program the next day. Ten days later, appellant 

testified positive for Suboxone, a drug normally prescribed to treat opiate addiction. 

Appellant admitted that she was using Suboxone without a prescription. 

Family members reported that appellant's substance abuse fuels the domestic 

violence. Aiden's father said that appellant was using opiates when he last saw her and that 

she looked very ill. The maternal grandmother told a social worker that the boyfriend 

supplies the drugs and has "enough money and drugs to keep [appellant] happy." The 

boyfriend testified that appellant is paranoid and has jealously issues that quickly escalate to 

domestic violence. Appellant "snaps" and thinks everyone is out to get her when she does 

not have drugs. In one incident, appellant chased the boyfriend in an SUV and trapped him 

against a brick wall. Fearing for his life, the boyfriend struck appellant in the eye. In 

another incident, Gavin tried to protect appellant from the boyfriend and was physically 

harmed. 

The trial court reasonably concluded that the substance abuse, domestic 

violence, and appellant's medical condition pose a significant risk of harm to the children. (§ 
5

361, subd. (c)(1).) Aiden suffers from severe separation anxiety, fears for appellant's safety, 

and is scared to go to school. A social worker reported that Aiden "has to be coaxed out of 

the car at school by the principal while crying and clinging to [appellant], if [appellant] is 

even able to get him to go to school . . . . [M]ost times, she doesn't even try." There have 

been many school absences, increasing the risk that Aiden will be exposed to more domestic 

violence and suffer developmental problems. When school authorities scheduled parent 

meetings to address the absences, appellant failed to show. Appellant told a social worker 

that the school absences were due to her substance abuse and that her work schedule as a 

bartender made it difficult to get Aiden ready for school. At trial, appellant minimized her 

responsibility for Aiden's truancy and blamed it on his older brother and the family move to 

Lompoc. Appellant admitted that she started using methamphetamine and dating the 

boyfriend about the same time Aiden stopped going to school. 

Substantial evidence supports the finding that appellant's substance abuse and 

domestic violence endangers Aiden's health, safety, protection, and well being. (§ 361, 

subd. (c)(1).) A mental health assessment states that Aiden suffers from Adjustment 

Disorder with Anxiety and Neglect of a Child. The clinician recommended Intensive InHome Services for Aiden but appellant declined to authorize the services. 

Father's Criminal History and Drug Use

Appellant asserts that the evidence does not support the finding that the 

children's father placed Aiden at risk of harm. Father has an extensive criminal history and 

has been deported multiple times due to criminal activity. The arrests include possession of 

a pound of methamphetamine for sale with a handgun in a vehicle. Father agreed to be 

deported in 2009 to avoid a prison sentence and was deported again in 2014. After the 

dependency petition was filed, father tested positive for methamphetamine and marijuana, 

managed to test clean a week later, and then stopped drug testing and visitation. Father 

knew about appellant's substance abuse but took no steps to protect Aiden. The trial court 

did not err in finding that father's criminal activities, substance abuse, and parental neglect 

pose a substantial risk of serious harm to Aiden. (§ 361, subd. (c)(1).) 
6

Less Restrictive Alternative 

Before the court may order a child removed from his parents, it must find by 

clear and convicting evidence that the child would be at substantial risk of harm if returned 

home and there are no reasonable means of protecting the child. (§ 361, subd. (c)(1); In re 

Kristin H. (1996) 46 Cal.App.4th 1635, 1654.) "The parent need not be dangerous and the 

child need not have been actually harmed for removal to be appropriate. The focus of the 

statute is on averting harm to the child. [Citations.]" In re Cole C. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 

900, 917.) 

Before the petition was filed, CWS attempted to work with appellant, offering 

detox and Voluntary Family Maintenance services. Appellant quit the detox program after 

the first day, resumed living with the abusive boyfriend, and left the children without a 

caregiver. When appellant was offered an outpatient program, appellant missed the intake 

appointment and drug testing on November 1, 2014. A month later, at the 

jurisdictional/disposition hearing, appellant said that she would not participate in an 

inpatient drug program. 

The evidence shows that Aiden will suffer severe emotional harm if he 

remains in appellant's custody. Appellant is addicted to methamphetamine and opiates, selfmedicates to avoid drug withdrawals, suffers from an untreated hormonal disorder, and has 

an abusive relationship with a boyfriend who brought drugs into the home and committed 

acts of domestic violence on family members. Appellant has no plans of leaving the 

boyfriend and has discussed marriage which will, in all likelihood, be detrimental to Aiden. 

"A removal order is proper if it is based on proof of parental inability to provide proper care 

for the minor and proof of a potential detriment to the minor if he or she remains with the 

parent. [Citation.]" (In re Diamond H. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1127, 1136.) That is the case 

here. 
7

Conclusion

The trial court found that appellant's relationship with the boyfriend is "built 

on substance abuse and domestic violence" and has placed the children at risk of severe 

emotional harm. "They're at risk. There's no question they're at risk. Unless there's 

intervention, there's no question that the domestic violence will continue . . . ." We concur. 

Appellant has chosen drugs and an abusive male relationship over the safety of her own 

children. The trial court did not err in removing Aiden from appellant's physical custody. 

The jurisdictional/disposition order is affirmed. 

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.

YEGAN, J.

We concur:

GILBERT, P.J.

PERREN, J.
8

Arthur A. Garcia, Judge

Superior Court County of Santa Barbara

______________________________

Jesse F. Rodriguez, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellant.

Michael C. Ghizzon, County Counsel, County of Santa Barbara, Ashley E. 

Flood, Deputy, for Respondent.