# Patent

## Title
Converter adaptable to wide range output voltage and control method thereof

## Abstract

The invention discloses a converter adaptable to a wide range output voltage and a control method thereof. The converter comprises a PWM half-bridge circuit. The control method comprises the steps of: controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency; when the PWM half-bridge circuit is operated in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, a magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a center point voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turning on the corresponding power switch. The invention reduces switching loss by controlling the corresponding power switch in the PWM half-bridge circuit to turn on when a voltage across the power switch is oscillated to valley.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 202110547953.X filed in P.R. China on May 19, 2021, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Some references, if any, which may include patents, patent applications and various publications, may be cited and discussed in the description of this application. The citation and/or discussion of such references, if any, is provided merely to clarify the description of the present application and is not an admission that any such reference is “prior art” to the application described herein. All references listed, cited and/or discussed in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and to the same extent as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference.
FIELD
The invention relates to the field of power electronic converter, and particularly to a converter adaptable to a wide range output voltage and a control method thereof.
BACKGROUND
Recently, USB PD type C techniques are developed rapidly with a higher percentage of market occupancy and a wider application range, such as 5V for charging with the mobile phones, 12V for charging with the routers, 20V for charging with the laptops. To facilitate the various electronics products of consumers, the skilled in the art is devoted to roll out a new adapter, which has the wide-range output voltage and meet with the one-to-many application requirements.
In the conventional power adapter, the rated power of the mainstream is 65 W, and the typical topology of the mainstream usually use a flyback converter. The flyback converter possesses a strong capability for regulating the output voltage, and ensures an output efficiency at a light load to satisfy the standard requirement. However, as a regulation range of the output voltage becomes wider, the power will increase to 200 W or more. Due to energy storage characteristic of inductor, the flyback converter is not suitable to a large power, small size and high power density design.
On the other hand, when the power exceeds 75 W, a PFC circuit stage is introduced to satisfy the harmonic requirement. As for the DC-DC conversion stage, its input voltage has a relatively narrow range, such as home DC micro-grid, on board charging and etc. To address the above shortcomings, the conventional solutions have made many attempts, for example, a two-stage architecture including LLC stage and Buck stage, to satisfy the demand for a large power and wide range output. Though LLC stage can realize a high efficiency and help to the miniaturization design of the adapter, the two-stage architecture still has a poor conversion efficiency at a low output voltage because the operation of the LLC stage as well as the operation of the Buck stage. Finally, the two-stage architecture is very complex and expensive.
SUMMARY
To realize the above object, the invention provides a method for controlling a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load, comprising:
providing a converter, wherein the converter comprises a PWM half-bridge circuit, and the PWM half-bridge circuit comprises: a primary circuit comprising a primary switching bridge arm formed by a first power switch and a second power switch connected in series; a transformer comprising a primary coil coupled to the primary circuit, and a secondary coil; a secondary rectifier circuit comprising at least two synchronous rectifiers, and each of the at least two synchronous rectifiers having an input end coupled to the secondary coil; and an output filter circuit comprising an output inductor and an output capacitor, and coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and the load;
controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency; when the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, a magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turning on the corresponding first power switch or second power switch.
The invention further provides a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load, comprising:
a PWM half-bridge circuit, wherein the PWM half-bridge circuit comprises a primary circuit comprising a primary switching bridge arm formed by a first power switch and a second power switch connected in series; a transformer comprising a primary coil coupled to the primary circuit, and a secondary coil; a secondary rectifier circuit comprising at least two synchronous rectifiers, and each of the at least two synchronous rectifiers having an input end coupled to the secondary coil; and an output filter circuit comprising an output inductor and an output capacitor, and coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and the load; and
a control unit, wherein the control unit configured to control the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency, when the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, a magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turn on the corresponding first power switch or second power switch.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and examples of the invention more apparent, the accompanying drawings are explained as follows.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional PWM half-bridge circuit.
FIG. 2 is an operation waveform diagram of the PWM half-bridge circuit of FIG. 1 in a continuous conduction mode.
FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram of the PWM half-bridge circuit of FIG. 1 in a discontinuous conduction mode.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a PWM half-bridge circuit in a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage according to a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a PWM half-bridge circuit in a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage according to a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a PWM half-bridge circuit in a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage according to a third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a PWM half-bridge circuit in a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is an operation waveform diagram of the PWM half-bridge circuit according to the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is an operation waveform diagram of the PWM half-bridge circuit according to the first embodiment of the invention in a BURST mode.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
To make descriptions of the invention clearer and complete, the accompanying drawings and various embodiments can be referred, and the same signs in the drawings represent the same or similar components. On the other hand, known components and steps are not described in the embodiments to avoid unnecessary limit to the invention. In addition, to simplify the drawings, some known common structures and elements are illustrated in the drawings in a simple manner.
The application provides a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load and a control method thereof, which uses a topological architecture of the PWM half-bridge circuit. On one hand, voltage switching function can be realized by the wide range voltage regulating capability of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and on the other hand, efficiency of the converter at a low voltage output and a light load can be improved by controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into in a discontinuous conduction mode at a low voltage output.
Before the technical solution of the disclosure is described in details, the conventional PWM half-bridge circuit is introduced firstly. Referring to FIGS. 1-3, they illustrate circuit diagrams of the conventional PWM half-bridge circuit and operation waveforms of the PWM half-bridge circuit in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) and in a discontinuous conduction mode(DCM). The control method of the PWM half-bridge circuit is single voltage loop fixed frequency control, as shown in FIG. 1, according to an output voltage and a given frequency, the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in a continuous conduction mode or a discontinuous conduction mode under different loads, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
When the switch in the primary circuit of the PWM half-bridge circuit is operated in a hard switching state, the loss mainly comprises following two parts: (1). turn-on loss of the primary switch is Ploss=1/2CossVturn_on2fsw (wherein Coss is a parasitic capacitance of the primary switch, Vturn_on is a conduction voltage of the primary switch, and fsw is a switching frequency); (2). forced switch of the primary switch produces a large step response, causing oscillation occurs among leakage inductance of the transformer, parasitic capacitance of the transformer and parasitic capacitance of the secondary synchronous rectifier, and the oscillation will be quickly attenuated to 0, and thus loss is generated in the circuit, such loss can be expressed by Ploss=1/2CeqVturn_on2fsw (wherein Ceq is an equivalent capacitance at a primary side of the transformer converted by parasitic capacitance of the transformer and parasitic capacitance of the secondary synchronous rectifier).
When the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the CCM mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the primary switch is operated in the hard switching state, and the conduction voltage of the primary switch is Vin/2, so very large loss is generated. When the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the DCM mode, before the primary switch is turned on, a voltage applied to the primary switch S1 oscillates, as shown in FIG. 3, and the current fixed frequency control causes that turn-on time of the primary switch is uncontrollable. When the primary switch S1 is exactly turned on at peak, the conduction voltage is greater than Vin/2, and the loss gets larger.
Referring to FIG. 4 again, the PWM half-bridge circuit includes a primary circuit having a primary switching bridge arm, a transformer and a secondary rectifier circuit. The primary switching bridge arm is formed by a first power switch S1 and a second power switch S2 connected in series. The transformer has a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil has both ends coupled to an output end of the primary circuit. The secondary rectifier circuit includes at least two synchronous rectifiers, i.e., synchronous rectifiers SR1 and SR2, and the secondary rectifier circuit has an input end coupled to the secondary coil. The output filter circuit includes an output inductor Lo and an output capacitor Co, and the output filter circuit is electrically coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and a load.
It should be noted that the output inductor Lo and the transformer can be integrated together, i.e., integrated in the same magnetic element, thereby reducing a total volume of the magnetic element in the PWM half-bridge circuit, and improving a power density of the converter. Of course, the output inductor Lo and the transformer also can be separate, and the application is not limited thereto.
Further, the control method can be realized by the following steps: controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency fsw, for example, reducing the switching frequency fsw; and when the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, a magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turning on the corresponding first power switch S1 or second power switch S2. In this embodiment, a midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm is a junction node between the first power switch S1 and the second power switch S2. The parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit may be equivalent to the common parasitic capacitor of the first power switch S1, the second power switch S2, the synchronous rectifiers and the transformer, and can be equivalent to a parasitic capacitor between the midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm and ground.
It should be noted that the lower the switching frequency fsw is, it is easier for the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into the DCM mode, so when an output is switched from a high voltage to a low voltage, the PWM half-bridge circuit enters into the DCM mode faster by quickly regulating the switching frequency fsw, for example, quickly reducing the switching frequency fsw. After entering into the DCM mode, in an interval where switch states of the first power switch S1 and the second power switch S2 are switched, i.e., in a dead time of the first power switch S1 and the second power switch S2, oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit. Specifically, in a dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is oscillated to the valley, a lower switch of the primary switching bridge arm, i.e., the first power switch S1, is turned on, and in a dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is oscillated to the peak, an upper switch of the primary switching bridge arm, i.e., the second power switch S2, is turned on, thereby reducing switching loss.
Referring to FIG. 4, the primary circuit further includes a capacitor bridge arm. The capacitor bridge arm is formed by a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected in series. One end of the primary coil of the transformer is coupled to a midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm, and the midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm is a junction node between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the other end of the primary coil is coupled to a midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm. The PWM half-bridge circuit of the disclosure is not limited to a structure in FIG. 4. For example, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the primary circuit may further include a capacitor connected to a positive input end or a negative input end of the primary circuit, i.e., one end of the capacitor is electrically coupled to the positive input end or the negative input end of the primary circuit, and the other end of the capacitor is electrically coupled to one end of the primary coil of the transformer, and the other end of the primary coil is electrically coupled to the midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm. It should be noted that the capacitor also can be connected in series to other positions of the primary circuit, for example, connected in series between the other end of the primary coil and the midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the secondary rectifier circuit can be a full wave rectifier circuit or a full bridge rectifier circuit. As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, when the secondary coil of the transformer uses a center-tapped structure, i.e., the secondary coil of the transformer includes a first end, a second end and a common end, and the secondary rectifier circuit includes a first synchronous rectifier SR1 and a second synchronous rectifier SR2, one end of the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and one end of the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the secondary coil, the other end of the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the other end of the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are connected to a negative end of the output capacitor Co, and both ends of the output inductor Lo are respectively connected to the common end of the secondary coil and a positive end of the output capacitor Co.
As shown in FIG. 7, when the secondary rectifier circuit uses a full bridge structure, the secondary coil of the transformer includes a first end and a second end, the secondary rectifier circuit includes first to fourth synchronous rectifiers SR1 to SR4. The first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are connected in series to form a first rectifier bridge arm, and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are connected in series to form a second rectifier bridge arm. The first end and the second end of the secondary coil are respectively connected to a midpoint of the first rectifier bridge arm and a midpoint of the second rectifier bridge arm, and the output capacitor Co is connected in parallel to both ends of the first rectifier bridge arm and the second rectifier bridge arm through the output inductor Lo.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the first power switch S1 is connected to a negative input end of the primary circuit, the second power switch S2 is connected to a positive input end of the primary circuit. In the dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the valley, the first power switch S1 is turned on; in the dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the peak, the second power switch S2 is turned on.
To further reduce the switching frequency, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th valley, the first power switch S1 is turned on, and when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th peak, the second power switch S2 is turned on, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In this embodiment, the value m can be adjustable depending on a size of the load. Generally, the smaller the load is, the larger the value m will be, and the larger the load is, the smaller the value m will be.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-6, in an interval where switch states of the first power switch S1 and the second power switch S2 are switched, i.e., in a dead time of the two power switches, a current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and a current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are detected, and according to the currents flowing through the synchronous rectifiers, the corresponding synchronous rectifier is turned off or maintained in conduction state. In this embodiment, in the dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, the current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is linearly decreased, and when the current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is decreased to 0, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is turned off, and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is maintained in a conduction state, such that continuous oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit. In the dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, the current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is linearly decreased, and when the current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is decreased to 0, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is turned off, and the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is maintained in a conduction state, such that continuous oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit.
Referring to FIG. 8, the left portion is operation waveforms of the PWM half-bridge circuit at a high voltage and heavy load output. At this time, the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the CCM mode, and a high switching frequency fsw is set to reduce an output current ripple, thereby reducing a dimension of the output inductor and loss. The right portion of FIG. 8 is operation waveforms of the PWM half-bridge circuit at a low voltage and light load output, and at the low voltage output, a current desired by the system is also small, so a ratio of the switching loss gets larger, and quick frequency reduction is required to enter into the discontinuous conduction mode, thereby realizing conduction of the primary switch at a valley, and reducing switching loss.
Hereinafter valley control of the PWM half-bridge circuit of the disclosure under the discontinuous conduction mode is further described in details by examples with reference to FIG. 8.
Phase [t0-t1]:
At time t0, the first power switch S1 is turned off, a voltage Vds_S1 withstood by S1 is changed from 0V to Vin/2 (wherein Vin is an input voltage), a primary current ip is changed from a peak current ip_pk to 0A, a current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor Lm is maintains at a peak current iLm_pk, a voltage Vds_SR2 withstood by the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is changed from Vin/n (where n is a turn ratio of the transformer) to 0, and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is turned on. At this time, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is in a conduction state, and a current iLo on the output inductor Lo, a current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and a current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is decreased to 0, and the current iSR2 and the current iLo are decreased to n*iLm_pk at time t1.
Phase [t1-t2]:
At time t1, the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is decreased to 0, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the current iLo on the output inductor are decreased to n*iLm_pk, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is controlled to turn off, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is maintained in a conduction state, oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 oscillates with



 
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Phase [t2-t3]:
At time t2, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at peak of the oscillation, and the second power switch S2 can be turned on at the valley. Meanwhile, the primary current ip and the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor are linearly decreased, and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor is linearly increased, until the primary current ip reaches a negative peak current −ip_pk at time t3.
Phase [t3-t4]:
At time t3, the primary current ip reaches the negative peak value, the second power switch S2 is turned off, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is changed from Vin to Vin/2, the primary current ip is changed from the negative peak current −ip_pk to 0A, the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor Lm is maintained at the negative peak current −iLm_pk, the voltage Vds_SR1 withstood by the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is changed from Vin/n to 0, and the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is turned on. At this time, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is maintained in a conduction state, and the current iLo on the output inductor Lo, the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR2 is decreased to 0, and the current iSR1 and iLo are decreased to n*iLm_pk at time t4.
Phase [t4-t5]:
At the time t4, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is decreased to 0, the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the current iLo on the output inductor Lo are decreased to n*iLm_pk, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is controlled to turn off, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is maintained in a conduction state, oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 oscillates with



 
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The above oscillations continue, until the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at the oscillated valley at time t5. Similarly, when the load is decreased, quick frequency reduction can be realized by increasing the number of valleys in the period of time t4-t5, thereby reducing switching loss, and improving light load efficiency.

Phase [t5-t6]:
At time t5, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at valley of the oscillation, and the first power switch S1 can be turned on at the valley. Meanwhile, the primary current ip, the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor are linearly increased, until the primary current ip reaches a peak current at time t6, and the first power switch S1 is turned off. Then the process described above is repeated.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the disclosure further provides a method for controlling a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load. When the load is further decreased, the PWM half-bridge circuit enters into a BURST mode from the discontinuous conduction mode, and each BURST period includes a pulse enabled interval (also referred to as Burst ON) during which the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, and a pulse disabled interval (also referred to as Burst OFF) during which all pulse signals are stopped, i.e., driving signals of the primary circuit and the secondary rectifier circuit are stopped, such that the PWM half-bridge circuit stops operation.
Further, in each of the pulse enabled intervals (Burst ON), the first switching period is processed, for example, shortening the first switching period, such that the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor access to a predetermined trajectory, and the final switching period is processed, for example, shortening the final switching period, such that a pulse signal of the primary circuit is stopped when the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor is zero, thereby avoiding loss and oscillation. As for the remaining switching periods during Burst ON, a switching frequency and a duty cycle can be maintained constant. It should be noted that the predetermined trajectory is a trajectory of the current of the magnetizing inductor and the current of the output inductor in the discontinuous conduction mode.
In some embodiments, the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval is fixed, and a frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval is regulated according to a size of the load. That is, the Burst frequency is regulated according to the size of the load, the larger the load is, the higher the frequency will be, and the smaller the load is, the lower the frequency will be. Alternatively, the frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval is fixed, i.e., fixing the Burst frequency, and the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval is regulated according to the size of the load. The larger the load is, the more the number will be, and the smaller the load is, the less the number will be.
Hereinafter taking a center-tapped structure of the secondary coil of the transformer for example, specific control process is shown in FIG. 9.
Phase [t0-t1]:
At time t0, the circuit enters into Burst ON state, the first power switch S1 is turned on, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is changed from Vin/2 to 0, the voltage Vds_SR1 withstood by the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is changed from Vo to 0, and the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is turned on. Meanwhile, the voltage Vds_SR2 withstood by the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is changed from Vo to Vin/n, and the primary current ip, the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor are linearly increased from zero, until the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor reaches a peak value at time t1. Since the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor cannot be detected, this period of time can be obtained by computation of a control chip.
Phase [t1-t6]:
At the time t1, the first power switch S1 is turned off, and an operating process in the period from time t1 to t6 is the same as that from time t0 to t5 in FIG. 8, so the details are not described here. In this period of time, a switching frequency and a conduction time are maintained constant, until the final switching period in the current Burst ON state is entered at time t6.
Phase [t6-t7]:
At time t6, the final switching period in the current Burst ON state is entered, the first power switch S1 is turned on, the primary current ip, the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor are linearly increased, until the current iLm flowing through the magnetizing inductor reaches 0 from negative value at time t7. Similarly, time t6-t7 can be obtained by computation.
Phase [t7-t8]:
At the time t7, the first power switch S1 is turned off, the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by S1 is changed from 0 to Vin/2, the voltage Vds_SR2 withstood by the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is changed from Vin/n to 0, and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is turned on. At this time, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is in a conduction state, the primary current ip and the current iLm are maintained at 0, and the current iLo flowing through the output inductor is linearly decreased, until the current iLo is decreased to 0 at time t8.
Phase [t8-t9]:
At time t8, the current iLo is decreased to 0, the first power switch S1, the second power switch S2, and the synchronous rectifiers SR1 and SR2 are turned off, and voltages withstood by the first power switch S1 and the second power switch S2 are Vin/2, and voltages withstood by the synchronous rectifiers SR1 and SR2 are changed from 0 to Vo. The circuit enters into Burst OFF state, until the Burst ON state is re-entered again at a time t9. Then the process described above is repeated.
It should be noted that the first and final switching periods in the Burst ON interval are not necessarily correspond to the first power switch S1, and also can be the second power switch S2, and operating manners are the same.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the control manner in FIG. 9 also can be applied to the PWM half-bridge circuit where a secondary side of FIG. 7 is a full bridge rectifier circuit. The first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 operate synchronously, and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 operate synchronously. That is, after the first power switch S1 is turned off, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 are controlled to turn on, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are maintained in a conduction state, the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2, the current iSR3 on the third synchronous rectifier SR3, and the current iSR4 on the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR2 and iSR4 are decreased to 0, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are controlled to turn off, and the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 are maintained in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at the oscillated m-th peak, the second power switch S2 is turned on. Similarly, after the second power switch S2 is turned off, the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are controlled to turn on, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 are maintained in a conduction state, the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2, the current iSR3 on the third synchronous rectifier SR3, and the current iSR4 on the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR1 and iSR3 are decreased to 0, the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 are controlled to turn off, and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are maintained in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at the oscillated m-th valley, the first power switch S2 is turned on.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the disclosure further provides a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load. The converter includes a PWM half-bridge circuit and a control unit. The PWM half-bridge circuit includes a primary circuit, a transformer, a secondary rectifier circuit, an output filter circuit and a control unit. The primary circuit includes a primary switching bridge arm formed by a first power switch S1 and a second power switch S2 connected in series. The transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil magnetically coupled to each other. The primary coil is coupled to an output end of the primary circuit. The secondary rectifier circuit includes at least two synchronous rectifiers, and the secondary rectifier circuit has an input end coupled to the secondary coil. The output filter circuit includes an output inductor and an output capacitor, and the output filter circuit is electrically coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and a load. The control unit is coupled to the PWM half-bridge circuit (e.g., in communication connection by a wired or wireless manner), and configured to control the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency (e.g., reducing a switching frequency), after the PWM half-bridge circuit enters into the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, an magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, the control unit is configured to turn on the corresponding first power switch S1 or second power switch S2. The parasitic capacitor is a common equivalent parasitic capacitor of the synchronous rectifiers, the first power switch S1, the second power switch S2, and the transformer, and can be equivalent to a parasitic capacitor between the midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm and ground. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art(“POSITA”) that, in some embodiments, the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the discontinuous conduction mode at a light load, and in some other embodiments, the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the continuous conduction mode at a heavy load, and in some embodiments, the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the discontinuous conduction mode at a full-range load. Here, the full-range load includes a phase of the light load and a phase of the heavy load.
As shown in FIG. 4, the first power switch S1 is connected to a negative input end of the primary circuit, the second power switch S2 is connected to a positive input end of the primary circuit. In a dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the valley, the control unit turns on the first power switch S1; in a dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the peak, the control unit turns on the second power switch S2.
To further reduce the switching frequency, and improve efficiency at a light load, in the dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th valley, the control unit turns on the first power switch S1, and in the dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th peak, the control unit turns on the second power switch S2, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The control unit determines the value m according to a size of the load. In detail, when the load is decreased, increases the value m, and when the load is increased, decreases the value m.
In some embodiments, the second rectifier circuit may be configured as a full wave rectifier circuit, as shown in FIGS. 4-6, the secondary coil of the transformer is a center-tapped structure, and the secondary coil includes a first end, a second end and a common end. The secondary rectifier circuit includes a first synchronous rectifier SR1 and a second synchronous rectifier SR2, one end of the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and one end of the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the secondary coil. The other end of the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the other end of the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are connected to a negative end of the output capacitor Co, and both ends of the output inductor Lo are respectively connected to the common end of the secondary coil and a positive end of the output capacitor Co.
Further, in this embodiment, the converter further includes a current detection unit for detecting a current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and a current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier SR2, and for sending a detection result to the control unit. In the dead time from the first power switch S1 being turned off to the second power switch S2 being turned on, the current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier SR1 is linearly decreased, and when the current is decreased to 0, the control unit controls the first synchronous rectifier SR1 to turn off, and maintains the second synchronous rectifier SR2 in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit. In the dead time from the second power switch S2 being turned off to the first power switch S1 being turned on, the current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier SR2 is linearly decreased, and when the current is decreased to 0, the control unit controls the second synchronous rectifier SR2 to turn off, and maintains the first synchronous rectifier SR1 in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit.
In some embodiments, the secondary rectifier circuit may be a full bridge rectifier circuit, as shown in FIG. 7, the secondary coil of the transformer includes a first end and a second end, the secondary rectifier circuit includes first to fourth synchronous rectifiers SR1 to SR4. The first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the second synchronous rectifier SR2 are connected in series to form a first rectifier bridge arm, and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are connected in series to form a second rectifier bridge arm. The first end and the second end of the secondary coil are respectively connected to a midpoint of the first rectifier bridge arm and a midpoint of the second rectifier bridge arm, and the output capacitor Co is connected in parallel to both ends of the first rectifier bridge arm and the second rectifier bridge arm through the output inductor Lo.
Further, in this embodiment, the converter further includes a current detection unit for detecting currents on the first synchronous rectifier SR1, the second synchronous rectifier SR2, the third synchronous rectifier SR3 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4, and for sending a detection result to the control unit. The control unit is configured to control the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 to operate synchronously, and control the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 to operate synchronously. After the first power switch S1 is turned off, the control unit controls the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 to turn on, and maintain the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 in a conduction state, such that the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2, the current iSR3 on the third synchronous rectifier SR3, and the current iSR4 on the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR2 and iSR4 are decreased to 0, the control unit controls the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 to turn off, and maintains the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at the oscillated m-th peak, turn on the second power switch S2. After the second power switch S2 is turned off, the control unit controls the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 to turn on, and maintains the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 in a conduction state, such that the current iSR1 on the first synchronous rectifier SR1, the current iSR2 on the second synchronous rectifier SR2, the current iSR3 on the third synchronous rectifier SR3, and the current iSR4 on the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 are linearly decreased, until the current iSR1 and iSR3 are decreased to 0, the control unit controls the first synchronous rectifier SR1 and the third synchronous rectifier SR3 to turn off, and maintains the second synchronous rectifier SR2 and the fourth synchronous rectifier SR4 in a conduction state, such that oscillation occurs among the output inductor Lo, the magnetizing inductor Lm of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when the voltage Vds_S1 withstood by the first power switch S1 is at the oscillated m-th valley, turn on the first power switch S1, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
According to another embodiment of the invention, when the load is further decreased, the control unit is configured to control the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter a BURST mode from the discontinuous conduction mode into and each BURST period includes a pulse enabled interval during which the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, and a pulse disabled interval during which all pulse signals are stopped, such that the PWM half-bridge circuit stops operation.
In some embodiments, in each of the pulse enabled intervals (also referred to as Burst ON), the control unit processes the first switching period, such that a current flowing through the magnetizing inductor and a current flowing through the output inductor access to a predetermined trajectory, and processes the final switching period, such that a pulse signal of the primary circuit is stopped when the current flowing through the magnetizing inductor is zero, thereby avoiding loss and oscillation. It should be noted that the predetermined trajectory is a trajectory of the current of the magnetizing inductor and the current of the output inductor in the discontinuous conduction mode.
In some embodiments, the control unit is configured to fix the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval, and regulate a frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval according to the size of the load, and the larger the load is, the higher the frequency will be.
In some embodiments, the control unit is configured to fix the frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval, and regulate the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval according to the size of the load, and the larger the load is, the more the number will be.
In some embodiments, the primary circuit further includes a capacitor bridge arm. The capacitor bridge arm is formed by a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected in series, as shown in FIG. 4. One end of the primary coil of the transformer is coupled to a midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm, and the other end of the primary coil is coupled to a midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm. In addition, as for specific structure of the primary circuit, it also can be that in the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The disclosure introduces the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) faster by quickly regulating the switching frequency (e.g., reducing the switching frequency) when an output of the converter is switched from a high voltage to a low voltage, after the PWM half-bridge circuit enters into the discontinuous conduction mode, continuous oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, a lower switch or an upper switch of the primary switching bridge arm is turned on correspondingly, thereby reducing switching loss. In addition, when the load is further decreased, the PWM half-bridge circuit is controlled to enter into a BURST mode from the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM).
Although the invention has been disclosed in the embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto. Any skilled in the art shall make various changes and modifications without departing from spirit and scope of the invention, so the protection scope of the invention shall be determined by the scope defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method for controlling a converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load, comprising:
providing a converter, wherein the converter comprises a PWM half-bridge circuit, and the PWM half-bridge circuit comprises:
a primary circuit comprising a primary switching bridge arm formed by a first power switch and a second power switch connected in series;
a transformer comprising a primary coil coupled to the primary circuit, and a secondary coil;
a secondary rectifier circuit comprising at least two synchronous rectifiers, and each of the at least two synchronous rectifiers having an input end coupled to the secondary coil; and
an output filter circuit comprising an output inductor and an output capacitor, and coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and the load;

controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency;
when the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, a magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turning on the corresponding first power switch or second power switch.

2. The control method according to claim 1,
wherein the first power switch is connected to a negative input end of the primary circuit, and the second power switch is connected to a positive input end of the primary circuit;
wherein the control method further comprises:
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the valley, turning on the first power switch; and
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the peak, turning on the second power switch.

3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th valley, turning on the first power switch;
when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm is at the m-th peak, turning on the second power switch, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein a value of m is determined according to a size of the load, when the load is decreased, the value of m is increased, and when the load is increased, the value of m is decreased.

5. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary coil of the transformer is a center-tapped structure, and the secondary coil comprises a first end, a second end and a common end, the secondary rectifier circuit comprises a first synchronous rectifier and a second synchronous rectifier,
wherein one end of the first synchronous rectifier and one end of the second synchronous rectifier are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the secondary coil, and both the other end of the first synchronous rectifier and the other end of the second synchronous rectifier are connected to one end of the output capacitor, and both ends of the output inductor are respectively connected to the common end of the secondary coil and the other end of the output capacitor.

6. The control method according to claim 5, further comprising:
detecting a current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier and a current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier;
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, turning off the first synchronous rectifier, and maintaining the second synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when the current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier is decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor;
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, turning off the second synchronous rectifier, and maintaining the first synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when the current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier is decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor.

7. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary coil of the transformer comprises a first end and a second end, the secondary rectifier circuit comprises first to fourth synchronous rectifiers, the first synchronous rectifier and the second synchronous rectifier are connected in series to form a first rectifier bridge arm, the third synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier are connected in series to form a second rectifier bridge arm, the first end and the second end of the secondary coil are respectively connected to midpoints of the first rectifier bridge arm and the second rectifier bridge arm, and the output capacitor is connected in parallel to both ends of the first rectifier bridge arm and the second rectifier bridge arm through the output inductor.

8. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
controlling the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier to operate synchronously, and controlling the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier to operate synchronously;
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, turning off the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier, and maintaining the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when currents flowing through the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier are decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor; and
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, turning off the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier, and maintaining the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when currents flowing through the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier are decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor.

9. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when the load is further decreased, controlling the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a BURST mode from the discontinuous conduction mode, wherein each BURST period comprises a pulse enabled interval during which the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, and a pulse disabled interval during which all pulse signals are stopped, such that the PWM half-bridge circuit stops operation.

10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein in each of the pulse enabled intervals, processing the first switching period, such that a current flowing through the magnetizing inductor and a current flowing through the output inductor access to a predetermined trajectory; and processing the final switching period, such that a pulse signal of the primary circuit is stopped when the current flowing through the magnetizing inductor is zero.

11. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval is fixed, a frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval is regulated according to a state of the load, and the frequency is proportional to the size of the load.

12. The control method according to claim 9, wherein a frequency for alternating the pulse enabled interval and the pulse disabled interval is held fixed, the number of switching periods in the pulse enabled interval is regulated according to a size of the load, and the number is proportional to the size of the load.

13. A converter suitable for delivering a wide range output voltage to a load, comprising:
a PWM half-bridge circuit, wherein the PWM half-bridge circuit comprises:
a primary circuit comprising a primary switching bridge arm formed by a first power switch and a second power switch connected in series;
a transformer comprising a primary coil coupled to the primary circuit, and a secondary coil;
a secondary rectifier circuit comprising at least two synchronous rectifiers, and each of the at least two synchronous rectifiers having an input end coupled to the secondary coil; and
an output filter circuit comprising an output inductor and an output capacitor, and coupled between an output end of the secondary rectifier circuit and the load; and

a control unit, wherein the control unit configured to:
control the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a discontinuous conduction mode by regulating a switching frequency, when the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, oscillation occurs among the output inductor, a magnetizing inductor of the transformer and a parasitic capacitor of the PWM half-bridge circuit, and
when a midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches a valley or a peak, turn on the corresponding first power switch or second power switch.

14. The converter according to claim 13, wherein
the first power switch is connected to a negative input end of the primary circuit, and the second power switch is connected to a positive input end of the primary circuit; and
the control unit is configured to:
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, turn on the first power switch when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the m-th valley; and
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, turn on the second power switch when the midpoint voltage of the primary switching bridge arm reaches the m-th peak, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

15. The converter according to claim 14, wherein the control unit determines a value of m according to a size of the load, when the load is decreased, the control unit increases the value of m, and when the load is increased, the control unit decreases the value of m.

16. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the secondary coil of the transformer is a center-tapped structure, and the secondary coil comprises a first end, a second end and a common end, the secondary rectifier circuit comprises a first synchronous rectifier and a second synchronous rectifier, one end of the first synchronous rectifier and one end of the second synchronous rectifier are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the secondary coil, the other end of the first synchronous rectifier and the other end of the second synchronous rectifier are connected to one end of the output capacitor, and both ends of the output inductor are respectively connected to the common end of the secondary coil and the other end of the output capacitor.

17. The converter according to claim 16, further comprising a current detection unit for detecting a current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier and a current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier, and sending a detection result to the control unit;
wherein the control unit is configured to:
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, turn off the first synchronous rectifier, and maintain the second synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when the current flowing through the first synchronous rectifier is decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor and the parasitic capacitor; and
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, turn off the second synchronous rectifier, and maintain the first synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when the current flowing through the second synchronous rectifier is decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor and the parasitic capacitor.

18. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the secondary coil of the transformer comprises a first end and a second end, the secondary rectifier circuit comprises first to fourth synchronous rectifiers, the first synchronous rectifier and the second synchronous rectifier are connected in series to form a first rectifier bridge arm, the third synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier are connected in series to form a second rectifier bridge arm, the first end and the second end of the secondary coil are respectively connected to a midpoint of the first rectifier bridge arm and a midpoint of the second rectifier bridge arm, and the output capacitor is connected in parallel to both ends of the first rectifier bridge arm and the second rectifier bridge arm through the output inductor.

19. The converter according to claim 18, wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier to operate synchronously, and control the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier to operate synchronously;
in a dead time from the first power switch being turned off to the second power switch being turned on, turn off the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier, and maintain the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when currents on the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier are decreased to 0, such that the an oscillation occurs among output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor; and
in a dead time from the second power switch being turned off to the first power switch being turned on, turn off the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier, and maintain the second synchronous rectifier and the fourth synchronous rectifier in a conduction state when currents on the first synchronous rectifier and the third synchronous rectifier are decreased to 0, such that an oscillation occurs among the output inductor, the magnetizing inductor of the transformer and the parasitic capacitor.

20. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the control unit is configured to control the PWM half-bridge circuit to enter into a BURST mode from the discontinuous conduction mode when the load is further decreased,
wherein each BURST period comprises a pulse enabled interval during which the PWM half-bridge circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, and a pulse disabled interval during which all pulse signals are stopped, such that the PWM half-bridge circuit stops operation.

21. The converter according to claim 20, wherein in each of the pulse enabled intervals, the control unit processes the first switching period, such that a current flowing through the magnetizing inductor and a current flowing through the output inductor access to a predetermined trajectory; and processes the final switching period, such that a pulse signal of the primary circuit is stopped when the current flowing through the magnetizing inductor is zero.

22. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the primary circuit further comprises a capacitor bridge arm formed by a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected in series, one end of the primary coil of the transformer is coupled to a midpoint of the capacitor bridge arm, and the other end of the primary coil is coupled to a midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm.

23. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the primary circuit further comprises a capacitor having one end coupled to a positive input end or a negative input end of the primary circuit, and the other end coupled to one end of the primary coil, and the other end of the primary coil is coupled to a midpoint of the primary switching bridge arm.

24. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the output inductor and the transformer are integrated together.

25. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the discontinuous conduction mode at a light load.

26. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the continuous conduction mode at a heavy load.

27. The converter according to claim 13, wherein the PWM half-bridge circuit works in the discontinuous conduction mode at a full-range load.