BLD-271 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 21-1849

___________

In re: ARIEL BAREL,

 Appellant

ARIEL BAREL

v.

PHELAN HALLINAN DIAMOND & JONES, PC; BRIAN V. FISHMAN

ARIEL BAREL

v.

FANNIE MAE, a/k/a Federal National Mortgage

ARIEL BAREL

v.

FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of New Jersey

 (D.C. Civil Action No. 3-19-cv-16054)

 District Judge: Honorable Peter G. Sheridan

____________________________________

Submitted on Appellees’ Motion for Summary Action 

 Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

September 16, 2021

Before: AMBRO, SHWARTZ and PORTER, Circuit Judges
2

(Opinion filed: September 21, 2021)

_________

OPINION*

_________

PER CURIAM

Ariel Barel, proceeding pro se, appeals an order of the United States District Court 

for the District of New Jersey dismissing four consolidated appeals from orders of the 

United States Bankruptcy Court. Because this appeal presents no substantial question, 

we will grant appellees’ motion to summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment.1

Barel and his then-wife executed a non-purchase money mortgage affecting real 

property located in Wayne, New Jersey (“the property”). The Barels defaulted on their 

mortgage payments and Ditech Financial LLC, represented by PHDJ, obtained a 

foreclosure judgment in New Jersey Superior Court in January 2018 for over $500,000. 

See Ditech Fin., LLC v. Barel, No. A-2922-17T1, 2019 WL 4440120, at *1 (N.J. Super. 

Ct. App. Div. Sept. 17, 2019). In May 2018, the property was sold at sheriff’s sale for 

$100 to Ditech, who immediately assigned its bid to Fannie Mae.2 A sheriff’s deed 

conveying the property to Fannie Mae was recorded on June 26, 2018. 

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.

1 Appellee Phelan Hallinan Diamond & Jones, PC (“PHDJ”), a law firm for Appellee 

Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and Appellee Brian v. Fishman, 

an attorney with PHDJ, filed the motion for summary action. We grant Fannie Mae’s 

letter-request to join the motion for summary action.

2 Barel brought suit against the Superior Court judge who presided over the foreclosure 

action, the state court Clerk, the sheriff who conducted the sale, and his opposing counsel 
3

In January 2019, a day before a scheduled eviction, Barel filed a voluntary 

bankruptcy petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of New Jersey 

under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 701 et seq. Fannie Mae 

immediately sought in rem relief from the automatic stay in bankruptcy, 11 U.S.C. § 

362(a). Barel was discharged from bankruptcy in April 2019. On May 22, 2019, the 

Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Chapter 7 Trustee’s abandonment of 

the real property. That same day, in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Fannie Mae filed 

a writ of possession of the property. On July 30, 2019, the Bankruptcy Court denied 

Barel’s motion for an injunction or for an order enforcing the automatic stay.3 Barel was 

evicted from the property in October 2019.

Barel filed an adversary proceeding against PHDJ and Fishman, and, separately, 

against Fannie Mae, arguing that the defendants violated the automatic stay by filing and 

executing the writ of possession against the property. In January 2020, the Bankruptcy 

Court held a hearing and dismissed those complaints after concluding that there was no 

violation of the automatic stay. The Bankruptcy Court subsequently dismissed a second 

adversary proceeding against Fannie Mae in which Barel challenged its interest in the 

property. Barel appealed to the District Court from the Bankruptcy Court’s July 2019 

order and its orders dismissing his three adversary complaints. The District Court 

in that action, alleging violations of due process. The District Court dismissed the action, 

and we affirmed. See Barel v. Office of Clerk of Super. Ct. of N.J., 834 F. App’x 763, 

765-66 (3d Cir. 2020). 

3 Barel was evicted from the property on October 18, 2019.
4

consolidated and dismissed the appeals. Barel appeals from the District Court’s 

judgment.

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 158(d) and 1291. “On an appeal from a 

bankruptcy case, our review duplicates that of the district court and view[s] the 

bankruptcy court decision unfettered by the district court’s determination.” In re Orton, 

687 F.3d 612, 614-15 (3d Cir. 2012) (internal quotation and citation omitted). Thus, we 

review the Bankruptcy Court’s findings of fact for clear error and its legal conclusions de 

novo. Id. at 615.

The filing of a bankruptcy petition triggers an automatic stay which operates to 

prevent creditors from taking “any act to obtain possession of property of the estate.” 11 

U.S.C. § 362(a)(3). The property of the estate is comprised of “all legal and equitable 

interests of the debtor as of the commencement of the case.” 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1). 

What constitutes a property interest is defined by state law. See Butner v. United States, 

440 U.S. 48, 54-55 (1979). 

We agree with the Bankruptcy Court’s conclusion, affirmed by the District Court, 

that Fannie Mae was the owner of the property at the time Barel filed for bankruptcy 

protection and, therefore, the property did not become part of the bankruptcy estate.4 See

St. Clair v. Beneficial Mortg. Co. (In re St. Clair), 251 B.R. 660, 665 (D.N.J. 2000)

(recognizing that, under New Jersey law, “the debtor’s right and title to the Property . . . 

4 Contrary to Barel’s argument on appeal, the Trustee did not acknowledge that the 

property was part of the estate by abandoning it. As the Bankruptcy Court noted, the 

Trustee abandoned the property only because Barel had listed it on his property schedule. 

See ECF No. 28-2 at 33-34. 
5

is extinguished upon delivery of a sheriff’s deed to the purchaser”), aff'd, St. Clair v. 

Wood, 281 F.3d 224 (3d Cir. 2001). The District Court determined that, to the extent that 

Barel had a possessory interest in the property, it was insufficient to trigger the 

protections of the automatic stay. See In re Atl. Bus. & Cmty. Corp., 901 F.2d 325, 328 

(3d Cir. 1990) (holding that “a possessory interest in real property is within the ambit” of 

the bankruptcy estate and protected by the automatic stay); see also St. Clair, 251 B.R. at 

667 (distinguishing Atlantic Business and holding that the automatic stay protects a 

possessory interest only when the “debtor-in-possession has a good-faith colorable claim 

to possession or control of the property”). Regardless, the automatic stay expires by 

operation of law upon discharge as to acts against the property of the debtor. See 11 

U.S.C. § 362(c)(2)(C). Therefore, as the Bankruptcy Court concluded, even assuming

that Barel had a cognizable possessory interest in the property, there was no violation of 

the automatic stay because the writ of possession was secured after Barel was granted a 

Chapter 7 discharge. 

For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that this appeal presents no substantial 

question. See I.O.P. 10.6. Accordingly, we grant appellees’ motion for summary action 

and will affirm the District Court’s judgment.