December 23,2004 

Jack Saltiel 

Chief Technical Officer 

Cadillac Jack, Inc. 

2420 Meadowbrook Parkway 

hIuth, GA 30096 

Re: Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

Dear Mr. Saltiel: 

This letter responds to your request for an advisory opinion on whether "Triple 

Threat Bingo," developed by Cadillac Jack, Inc., may be played as a Class 1 I gaming 

activity as that term is defined in the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (JGRA) and in 

regulations of the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC). 

Based on our review, we conclude that "Triple Threat Bingo" qualifies as bingo 

as the term is used in IGRA and defined by Commission regulations, and is a Class II 

game. The particular version of the game to which this opinion applies is ~2.22.3 I. 'Ibis 

opinion does not apply if the game is modified with additional feattrres or if the game is 

played in a manner inconsistent with the manner described in this opinion. The features 

discussed in this opinion, along with the manner and sequence of events in game play, are 

integral to our opinion. 

The Commission is developing a regulation on game classification that will 

provide specific criteria for a determination by an independent testing laboratory that a 

game of bingo, lotto, ox an other game similar to bingo, when played primarily through 

an "electronic computer or other technologic aid," is Class 11 gaming. If the Commission 

issues a final rule, it may be necessay to reevaluate the "Triple Threat Bingo" game 

under the criteria of the regulation. This may change the classification determination. 

Cadillac Jack provided a report from Gaming Laboratories IntemationaI (GLT) 

confirming that the "Triple Threat Bingo" game, Version V2.22.3, operates in the manner 

described in this opinion, The report also contains a signatnre for the key files so that 

CadilJac Jack assigned Build #111 I 121 141 to the version of the game they presented to GLI. This build 

number contains unique features of the game. Another "build number might not contain these features, 

although labeled Version 2.23.3. 

NATK)NAL ntswunm~s 1447 t St. NW. Suite 9100. Washington. DC M005 Tel 202 632 7003 Fax 202.632.7066 www.rncc.cm 

RECIOUAL OFFICES Portland, OR: Sactamento. CA: Phoenu, AZ: St. Paul. MN: Tulsa. OK 
Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 2 of 15 

verification may be obtained that the game in play in a gaming facility is the game 

considered in this classification opinion." 

Description of Triple Threat Bin~o 

CadilIac Jack offers "Triple Threat Bingo" as a linked bingo system using 

techological aids. Participation at the player level is accomplished through the use of 

multiple player stations. These may be established at multiple locations and the game 

linked between these locations. These Electronic Players Stations (EPS) communicate 

with a central serves that provides a number of different services in order to create a 

game. These indude a Linked Game Service (LGS) and a Game Management and 

Control System (GMCS). The LGS acts as a host for the bingo games and nIlows games 

to start and run independently from each other as players enter and play the games. The 

EPS are connected to Ihe 1,GS and GMCS through an Ethernet LAN switch. 

The game is played on pIayer stations that offer bingo games in a variety of 

different formats. The version that is the subject of this advisory opinion is played with 

only one card.3 

Game play is viewed on a video screen at the player terminal. It is a standard size 

video screen measuring approximately 19 inches along the diagonal. The game as 

presented to us is played using a 25 spot bingo card, in a five by five grid, displayed 

electronically on the video ~creen.~ Numbers or designations in the card spaces are not 

repeated on the same card. The game uses a non-replaceable pool of 75 numbered 

"'ba11s7' from which the numbers necessary to achieve designated prize patterns are 

mndom1y determined and used in the sequence they are selected. 

The screen can also display spinning reeI graphic icons, at the player's discretion. 

CadilIac Jack intends to offer the player an alternative of playing the game on a 

traditional bingo card that is the central feature of the video screen or in a version that 

would allow the player to switch back and forth between the traditional bingo card view 

and the spinning reels. The spinning reds do not affect the ouEcome of the game. When 

' The GLX ClXX signature for Gameserver-exc, Version 1.0.0.1. is BD22. The GLI CDCK signature for 

the Player file, Version 2.22.3, Build # 1 1 I 1 12 1 14 1, is FA 19. These signatures may be used to compare a 

version of the game in play in gaming facility to the version considered in this advisory game opinion. 

3 We will review games that have the option of more than one bingo card in play when presented with an 

acmal game containing a graphics screen showing the other cards in play; however such a version is not 

covered by this advisory opinion. 

4 Cadillac Jack has indicated in the future that they would like to offer versions of the game using as few as 

10 spots and as many as 30 spots. However, this advisory opinion is limited to the game as presented 

which played on a 25 spot card. 
Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 3 of 15 

the spinning reels are displayed, a smaller bingo card, described below, wil1 always be 

visible to the player during game play. 

Bingo cards are distributed in micro-decks of up to 256 cards. The bingo cards 

are assigned by the LGS in such a manner as to insure that the cards that are distributed to 

the players are not duplicated for another player in the game. A player may select a new 

card before any game begins. 

Game Prizes 

Participants are playing to achieve designated patterns on the bingo card based on 

the balls drawn for the game. Prizes in the form of game credits are awarded if a player 

covers, or daubs, the numbers on the card after the numbers are called and the numbers 

fm one or more of the designated patterns. Credits translate to monetary value. The 

game will end when a player achieves a designated game-ending pattern and daubs this 

winning pattern. The game as submitted has a game-ending pattern comprised of n threespot "V" pattern fixed at the center of the card. The game-ending pattern is always 

defined and designated in advance, and is never less than three spots. The prize for the 

game-ending pattern is structured so that the earlier the prize is awarded, the higher the 

prize may be for the player. In other words, the fewer the balls drawn to obtain the gmeending pattern, the higher the prize may be for the player. In the game proposed for this 

advisory game classification opinion, the prize awarded for the game-ending pattern is 

illustrated in the table shown below: 

Number of Balls Called 

To Cover Game Ending Pattern Prize Award (in credits) 

1 3 or more 
Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Clasxjfication Opinion 

December 23,2004 

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The prjze may be expressed and awarded in either credits or specific currency value. The 

specific values in the prize table associated with the game ending pattern may vary based 

on: 

a. The number of credits wagered; and 

b. The target payout for the game which may be changed by the game operator. 

These values will always be disclosed to the player in advance through the games help 

and pay fable screens. 

Bonus Prizes 

Triple Threat Bingo will also award other prizes in the game in addition to the 

game-winning prize. The game presented to the NiGC offered interim and consolation 

prizes. These prizes can be of a higher value than the prize for obtaining the gameending pattern. Except for the progressive prize, described elsewhere, a player may win 

only one prize in a game. The player will be awarded the larger of the prizes for 

achieving the game-ending pattern or the jnterimlconsolation prize, but not both. Players 

may win interim or consolation prizes as follows: 

a. lnterim prizes, which are prizes awarded to a player up until the game-winning 

(game-ending) prize is awarded, will be based on the player covering a specific 

pattern in a certain number of balls (or less) drawn and released before the last 

ball needed to complete the game-ending pattern for the game-winning player is 

released. (The "last ball" may also be last ball for the interim prize pattern.) For 

example, if player # 1 were to cover the top line in 30 balls or less and the gamewinning pattern was not obtained by any player before the top line pattern was 

achieved, player # 1 would be awarded a prize of two or more credits depending 

on the amount bet per line. 

b. Consolation prizes, which may be awarded after the game-winning (gameending) prize is awarded, will be based on the player covering a specific pattern in 

a certain predefined number of balls dram and released incIuding balls called and 

released after the game-winning pattern is covered. Consolation prizes require at 

least one additional release of balls beyond rl -t r2 (first release plus second 

release). For example if the game-winning pattern is obtained and claimed in 

fewer than 30 balls in rl + r2, additional balls will be released for all other 

players, up to 30 balls total, and consolation prizes will be awarded based on 

player covering specific predetermined patterns in those 30 balls. 

Each bonus prize-winning pattern will contain at Ieast two spaces. A player will 

be able to determine what the prize will be if he reaches the pattern in a certain number of 

balls by viewing the pay table. 
Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bjngo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

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Progressive Prizes 

The game as demonstrated at MGC does not contain an ancillary, or 

progressive, prize feature, although Cadillac Jack has plans to indude a prngressive 

prize feature with the game in the future. A progressive prize may be awarded if a 

designated pattern is covered in the first few balls called. According to information 

provided by Cadillac Jack, the ancillary prize may be awarded for covering 4 corners in 

the first four balls called. "Triple Threat" may have one or more such progressive 

prize pods in the game and all progressive prizes are paid from these pools* As an 

example, Pool A would be awarded to the player covering the game-ending pattern in 

the fewest number of balls possible to achieve that pattern, which in a three-spot pattern 

would be the first three balls. Pool B would be awarded to the winner of a bonus prize 

awarded in the fewest number of balls to achieve the designated pattern for that prize. 

In the "Triple Threat" progressive prize scheme, a percentage of the buy-in amount 

paid by each player for each game is contributed to the prize pool. Contributions are 

made to these pools from the play of the game, i-e., a direct contribution is taken from 

each play and added to the progressive pool. In addition, a contribution is made for 

every prize awarded but slept by the player with the exception of the gme-ending prize 

that, under the rules of the game, will always be awarded and cannot be sleptP5 The 

"slept prize" contribution may go into Pool A or Pool B depending upon how the game 

is configured. The house retains no portion of the mounts contributed by the players to 

the Progressive Prize Pool. 

The award sf "Triple Threat" progressive prizes is accomplished In a manner 

similar to the award of the regular game prize and is based on a pre-designated pattern 

achieved in the minimum number of balls that could yield that pattern. For example, a 

progressive prize based an achieving a four-comet pattern would be awarded if the player 

achieved the pattern in the first four balls drawn. The balls are drawn in real time and the 

player must daub the card in the same manner as fhe player would for the regular game. 

The primary game is still being '%on by the first player to cover a predetermined 

pattern." 

Video Display Graphis 

The game may be displayed in two formats. One is a traditional bingo format 

where the cards are displayed, the balls selected are displayed on the screen and the 

numbers are daubed, winners and consolation prizes are determined, prizes are claimed 

and credits are issued. The second format uses alternative displays to illustrate amounts 

' To "sleep" or to "sleep a bingo" means that a player fails, within the time allowed by the game: (i) cover a 

previously designated pattern that, if covered, would entitre the player to a prize, or (ii) to claim the prize to 

which the player is entitled, having covered a previously designated pattern, if the rules of the game re-quire 

3 separate action to claim the prize. 
CadilEac lack "Triple Threal Bingo" Advisory Game Classificatinn Opinion 

December 23,2004 

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won in the bingo game- In this format the main area of the screen may contain a video 

simulation of spinning reels that start when the player joins the game by touching the 

"play" button. A smaller version of the Bingo card will always be visible when the 

alternative display appears, except during a graphical display that appears when bonus 

prizes of a certain value are being awarded. (In the version shown for this advisory 

opinion, the graphic featured mushrooms that when "opened" revealed a prize expressed 

in credits. This feature has no impact on the actual mount won md is for entertainment 

only.) In this second format, the Triple Threat Bingo card has an exterior dimension of 2 

inches by 2 inches and an interior of just larger than 1 718 inches. The card is placed in 

the upper center of the screen. Play stops when the bingo card has been appropriately 

daubed and the prizes are awarded. The alternate spinning-wheel graphics do not affect 

the outcome of the game and are offered only as entertainment. 

The paytable screens may illustrate game payouts in two diEerent fashions, one 

relating to the bingo patterns: and one relating to the alternative display, but the paytables 

will always indicate the number of credits won based on bingo patterns. 

Parfic@ati at Player TerminaIs 

Participation in any particular "Triple Threat Bingo" game is limited, in theoy, 

only by the number of player stations available on the network and on which another 

game is not already in play. Through its operating system, "Triple Threat Bingo" 

assembles players for individual games based on receipt of player requests for play. 

"Triple Threat Binge" requires a minimum of two players for a game to begin. 

Additional players enter the game if they request participation within a set time period. 

The amount of time available for entq of additional players is a coafigtlrable aspect of 

the software. The version shown at the NIGC allowed 3 or more seconds for players to 

enter the game. 

Game Play 

To begin play, a playa inserts currency or a ticket into the player terminal and 

receives credits. The player is assigned a card. The player has the option of accepting 

the card offered or selecting an alternative prior to pressing the "play" button. A player 

selects a new card by touching the graphic of the card on the screen. A new card appears 

for each touch. In no event can a bingo cad be distributed or changed after a game has 

comrnencedm6 

Cadiliac Jack also indicated an intention to play the game with players having the option of using multiple 

cards. However, this feature was not incorporated into the version demonmated at the NJGC and is not 

part of the game description considered in this advisory opinion. 
CadilIac Jack "Triple Threat Ringo" Advisory Game Classjfication Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 7 of 15 

Players are grouped into games each with a minimum of two players. All players 

in a game play for prizes based on the same common set ofpredetermined patterns. 

These patterns correspond to "lines" on an alternative visual display for the game. In the 

version presented to GLI to which this advisory opinion applies, the game is a 21 line 

game and cannot be changed. The game could be played using another pre-determined 

and fixed number of Ijnes, so long as the game met the other conditions and criteria 

described in thjs opinion. 

The player can increase her card value by increasing the amount "bet" on each 

line played in the game. As shown to GLI, a player could increase the "bet" per line by 

selecting 1,2, 5, 10, or E 5 credits per line. Regardless of the number of credits bet in the 

game by any individual player, all of the players are playing for the identical gameending pattern and for the same common set of pre-determined patterns by which a player 

can win other prizes in the game. The value of the prize won increases with the number 

of credits that were wagered. 

When players are ready to play they press the "Play" button on the screen or the 

"Play" button on the machine console. A grot~p of players is colIected from those waiting 

to play. The grouping stasts when the first player, after selecting the amount to be 'Bet" 

per line, presses the "Play" button. The LGS will then wait until the minimum number of 

players has joined the game before a game may be called. A minimum of two players is 

required. The grouping of players continues until either the maximum number of players 

has been reached or the predetermined wait time, three seconds, has been reached, 

The LGS sends to a31 EPS the first release (rl) of balls. This release will be fewer 

than the number of balls required for a game ending pattern in all cases. Balls are shown 

to the players in the order they are drawn. No game winning prize or interim prize may 

be awarded after the first release of balls, although eligibiIity for an interim prize may be 

established based on the balls in the first release if the player obtains the associated 

interim pattern with the balls in the first release. The rules of the game do not allow 

award of any of these prizes to occur until at least two releases of balls has occurred. A11 

players obtaining a winning pattern in the first release will stay in the game until a player 

obtains a game-winning pattern and daubs that game-winning pattern following the 

second release. 

All of the balls available for the game are drawn (e1ectronicaIIy determined) and 

placed in a sequential order based on the order drawn. The first release of balls (rl) will 

be set to release at least 2 2311s on that first release but not enough balls to establish the 

game-ending (game-winning) pattern. . 

The balls that have been released in rl are displayed in the ball collection area of 

the screen in the order they are calIed- The "Play" button changes to a lit cLDaub" button, 

indicating to the players that they must daub their respective cards with the balls that 
Cadillac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 8 of 15 

have been reIensed. Once the "Daub" button has been pressed, any spots on the card that 

have been daubed will be indicated with a red circle and the number of the spot inset in 

white. 

Afler a player in the game has daubed for Ihe balls called in rl, or after a 

minimum predetermined time Iirnit of at Ieast 2 seconds has passed, a second release of 

balls (1-2) is given to the EPS. Combined, the ball release xl + r2 will have as many balls 

as are required for at least one player enrolled in the game to have the game ending 

pattern. In addition, rl + r2 may be sufficient to meet the number of balls required for a13 

interim prizes. If the total of rl + r2 is less than 30, consoIation prizes may still be 

awarded based on an additional release of balls necessary to give the player at Ieast 30 

balls. 

While balls are being called for any release, they may be depicted on the bingo 

card as small yellow dots in the corner of each square before they are daubed. Once the 

player has daubed, rhe balls that have been called are marked with transparent xed cixcles. 

After suficient balls are called to qualify the player for any of the prizes, the qualifying 

numbers on the card will blink to indicate the winning pattern. Before they are daubed 

the player may be prompted that he has a winning pattern by either: a blinking "Daub & 

Clairn" button, a message in the message display area, a series of little yelIow prompt 

dots, or any combination of the three methods. 

One or more potential w*nners with a game-ending pattern will now exist. For 

any card in play in the game where a prize now exists the "Daub" button on the screen 

will change to "Daub & Claim" and will start blinking. 

On any card where the game-ending pattern is completed, the player has the 

oppoTtunity to claim that prize and end the bingo game by daubing that card. If that 

player does not daub the pattern in the allotted time, the game-ending prize will be slept 

and the prize will be forfeited by that player and made available to be won following a 

subsequent ball release (1-3) and so on. Tf a player sleeps a game-ending pattern he is still 

eligible to win prizes in the game based on other winning patterns, specifically, interim, 

consolation andlor progessive prizes. 

'"Daub & Claim" are one action of a single button. When it is time to "Daub & 

Claim," the "Daub & Claim" button will blink prominently on the screen to make it clear 

to the player that he must take action to be able to win a prize. If not done within a 

specified number of seconds the bingo will be declared a sleeper and the game will 

continue with more balls called. Enough additional balls will be called so that at Ieast 

one player will have a game ending pattern. Jn order to claim the prize for the gameending pattern, the other pIayer must "'Daub & Claim" within the allotted time. 
Cad jllac Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game CIassification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 9 of I5 

The last person who achieves the game-ending pattern never sleeps the 

game-winning prize because that player's game station never times out In this case, the 

player station waits indefinitely for the player to "Daub and Claim" the prize. This player 

must "Daub and Clairn'9the prize before exiting the game and beginning a new game. 

Otherwise, a player who fails to daub a game-winning (garne-ending) pattern on her card 

within a configurable lime "sleeps" the bingo and forfeits the prize. Under mles of the 

game, all players continue in the game, and one or more additional bingo-numbers are 

drawn until a player obtains another game-ending pattern. However, since the gameending pattern is set to a specific space on the card, a player who remains having slept 

that pattern is no longer eligible to win the game with the game-ending pattern but may 

compete for other winning patterns. The same "winning-prize" is awarded to a 

subsequent winning player who "Daubs and Claims" the game-ending pattern within the 

time permitted by the mles of the game. 

A player who "slept" a winning pattern other than the game-ending pattern 

remains eligible to win but must obtain another winning pattern- An interim prize that is 

won based on the player achieving a specific pattern, but whjch is slept, is forfeited. The 

value of the prize may be contributed to the progressive prize pool if that feature is 

incorporated. Otherwise, the prize is merely forfeited to the house. 

Under rules for the game, any player who fails to daub within the allotted time 

after a release of balls will stay in the game. As in paper bingo, players may daub their 

cards later to catch up. hew eve^, a player who obtains the game-ending pattern must be 

daub before the next ball is called in order for that player to end the game and be awarded 

. the game-winning prize. 

The game does not incorporate a feature [autodaub] that aI1ows the player 

station to perform the daub function without firther action by the individual player 

following each release. 

Applicable Law and Re~ulation 

IGRn defines Class II gaming in relevant part to include: 

(i) the game of chance commonly known as bingo (whether or not electronic, 

computer, or other technologic aids are used in connection therewith) -- 

(I) which is played for prizes, including monetary prizes, with cards 

bearing numbers or other designations: 

(11) in which the holder of the card covers such numbers or designations 

when objects, similarly numbered or designated, are drawn or eIectronicaIly 

determined; and 

(111) in which the game is won by the first won covering a previously 

designated arrangement of numbers or designations on such cards, including (if 
CadilIac Jack "Triple Threat Ringo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 10 of 15 

played in the same location) pull tabs, lotto, punch boards, tip jars, instant binga, 

and other games sirniIar to bingo[.] 

25 U.S.C. $2703(7)(A). Games that are not within the definition of Class 11 are Class III. 

See 25 U.S.C. $2703(8).~ 

NIGC regulations similarly define Class 11 gaming to Include, in relevant part: 

(a) Bingo or lotto (whether or not electronic, computer, or other technologic aids 

are used) when players: 

(1) Play fox prizes with cards bearing numbers or other designations: 

(2) Cover numbers or designations when objects, similarly numbered or 

designated, are drawn or electronically determined; and 

(3) Win the game by being the first person to cover a designated pattern on 

such cards. 

(b) If played in the same location as bingo or lotto, pull tabs, punch boards, tip 

jars, instant bingo, and other games similar to bingo, 

25 C.F.R. 5 502.3. 

In addition, if technoIogicaI aids are used, the following definition applies: 

(a) Electronic, computer or other technologic aid means any machine ox device 

that: 

(1) Assists a player or the playing of a game; 

(2) Is not an electronic or elec2romechanical facsimile; and 

(3) Is operated in accordance with applicable Federal communications 

Iaw. 

(b) Electronic, computer, or other technologic aids include, but are not limited to, 

machines or devices that: 

(1) Broaden the participation in a common game; 

(2) Facilitate communication between and among gaming sites; or 

(3) A1lo.r~ a player to play a game with or against other players rather than 

with or against a machine. 

(c) Examples of electronic, computer, or other technologic aids indude puII-tab 

dispensers andlor readers, telephones, cables, televisions, screens, satellites, bingo 

blowers, electronic player stations, or electronic cards for participants in bingo 

garnes. 

25 C.F.R. 502.7. 

- 

7 A separate category of games known as Class I, not at issue here, involve social games played for prizes 

of minimal value and traditional forms of Indian gaming at tribal ceremonies or celebrations. See 25 U.S,C. 

5 2703(6). 
CadjlInc Jack "Triple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game CIassjfication Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 11 of 15 

Class II gaming specifically does not include "(ii) electronic or electromechanical 

facsimiles of any game of chance or slot machine of any kind." 25 U.S .C. 9 

2703(7)(B)(ij). 

commission regulations define the term "Electronic or electromechanical 

facsimile" as-- 

a game played in an electronic or electromechanical format that replicates a game 

of chance by incorporating all of the characteristics of the game, except when, for 

bingo, lotto, and other games similar to bingo, the electronic or eIectromechanical 

format broadens participation by allowing multiple players to play with or against 

each other rather than with or against a machine. 

25 C.F.R. 5 502.8. 

Analysis of the Statutory Criteria 

The first statutory criterion for bingo is that the game must he played for prizes on 

cards bearing numbers or other designations. 

"Triple Threat Bingo" is a game played for prizes on cards bearing numbers. The 

"cards" in "Triple Threat Bingo" do not exist in a tangible medium but on a computer 

graphic at individual pIayer stations. The game does not require paper cards. IGRA 

specjficaPly permits the use of '"technologic aids" in the play of bingo. The Commission's 

recent change to its definition of "'technologica1 aids" incorporated "electronic cards for 

participants in bingo games" as an example of a permitted technologic aid. 25 C.F.R. 5 

502.7(c). 

The electronic cards in "Triple Threat Bingo" are provided to the player before 

actual game play begins. A player can change his card before entering a game. Card 

changes are not permitted once a game begins. Thus a player is actually playing the card 

and hoping to achieve a winning bingo pattern on the card when the numbers are drawn 

rather than buying a card with winning numbers pre-selected and hoping his purchase 

yielded a card containing a winning pattern. 

The second statutory criterion from Section 2703(7)(A)(i) is that the holder of the 

card covers numbers or designations on the bingo card when objects, similarly 

numbered or designated, are drawn or e1ectronically determined. Based on the game 

description, the "Triple Threat Bingo" game, as presented to the NIGC, meets the second 

requirement. A player "daubsn or covers the nurn bers on the player's card when the 

numbers are electronically determined. The numbers are determined in real time by a 

random number generator. The numbers are drawn in sets. When selected, the set of 
Cadillac Jack "Trip1 e Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classificatjon Opinion 

Decembe~ 23,2004 

Page 12 of 15 

numbers is instantly conveyed to Ihe EPS video screen. The selected numbers are 

indicated on the player's card by a small yellow dot. Once the player daubs, the yellow 

dot turns into a transparent red circle. The player is not relying on the machine itself to 

"daub" or cover the number. Rather, the player is actually performing some act to be 

involved in the play of the game of bingo. 

The final element specified by Section 2703(7(A)(i) requires that players who 

enter bingo games compete to win by being the first person to cover a previously 

designated arrangement of numbers or designations on the card. As previously noted, in 

"Triple Threat Bingo," this previousIy designated arrangement, or winning pattern, is a 

three spot 'VV" pattern. 

In evaluating the statutory criteria of Section 2703(7)(A)(i), we conciude that a 

basic premise of bingo is play and competition among others. The language, "won by the 

first person," set forth in 25 U.S.C. $2?03(7)(A)(i)(IIF), describes a contest or race among 

pIayers to be the first to win. Numbers are drawn, players cover those numbers on their 

cards, more numbers are drawn, and so on until there is a winner. If all the balls 

necessary to produce a game-winning pattern are drawn and released at once, the game 

will likely end and someone will win with onIy one release of balls, thereby removing the 

contest element. In evaluating other electronic bingo games for advisory game 

classification opinion, .ive concluded that the method of play of the game of "bingo," as 

defined in IGRA, required that the game not be won in a single release of balls in the ball 

draw. There must be at least two ball draws or releases of electronically determined 

numbers before a player can win the game or any consolation or interim game. "Triple 

Threat Bingo" satisfies the requirement by providing multiple ball draws (electronic 

determinations) and releasing numbers in at least two sets as players compete for the 

prize won by the first player to obtain the designated game-ending bingo pattern. There 

are also corresponding daub opportunities or requirements following each set of balls 

released. 

Because bingo is a game 'kron by being the first player to cover a previously 

designated arrangement of numbers" a player not attending to the game may "sleep" a 

bingo.' This is an important aspect of the "game of chance commonly known as bingo" 

and also to variations of that game. See 25 U.S.C. 5 2703(7)(A)(i). "Triple Threat 

Bingo" provides this required feature. A player who fails to "daub" the game-cvinning 

(game-ending) pattern on his card within a configurable time '"sleeps" the bingo and 

forfeits the prize. In "Triple Threat Bingo" all players continue in the game, and one or 

more additional bingo-numbers are drawn until another player obtains the game-winning 

(game-ending) pattern. A player who "sleptn an earlier game-winning (game-ending) 

bingo pattern remains eligible to win a prize based on another pattern, but cannot win the 

' A "sleeper" is a bingo discovered after the caller has gone on to the next number. Snowden, Gambling 

Times Guide to Bin~o (19861, p. 33. 
Cadillac Jack 'Triple Threat Bingo'' Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page I3 of 15 

game-ending prize because that pattern is assigned to a particular place on the card. The 

prize that is won by subsequent winning player is the same prize that would have been 

awarded to the player who obtained bt~t slept the first winning bingo pattern. An interim 

or consolation prize that is won based on the player achieving a specific pattern, but 

which is slept, is forfeited. 

Interim or Consolation prizes 

The game presented to the NTGC offers interim and consolation prizes. These 

pizes can be of a higher value than the prize for obtaining the game ending pattern. Our 

previous advisory game classification opinions have accepted these prizes as part of the 

game provided the award of these prizes is based on the play of the bingo game. The 

interim and consolation prizes in "Triple Threat Bingo" satisfy this requirement. 

Video display graphics 

The game wilI be displayed in two formats. One is a traditional bingo format 

where the cards are displayed, the balls selected are displayed on the screen and the 

numbers are daubed, winners and consolation prizes are determined, prizes are claimed 

and credits are issued. 

A second format uses alternative displays to illustrate amounts won in the bingo 

game but also has a prominently displayed card. The main area of the screen may 

contain a video simulation of spinning reels that start when the player joins the game by 

pressing "Play" and the stops when the bingo card has been daubed and the prizes are 

awarded. However, these graphics do not affect the outcome of the game and are 

important to the game only as entertainment. 

The paytabIe screens may illustrate game payouts in two different fashions, one 

relating to the bingo patterns and one relating to the alternative display. 

Card requiremenls 

We noted that in a previous advisory game ~Iassification opinion that while 

technical standards for electronic Class I1 bingo games and technologic aids may be 

developed in the &re by the Commission, the current goal was to establish card size 

and visibility factors that made it easy for a bingo player to use and apparent that a player 

was actually engaged in the play of bingo. The Triple Threat Bingo card has an exterior 

dimension of 2 inches by 2 inches and an interior ofjust larger then 1 7/8 inches. The 

card is placed in the upper center of the screen. Whjle not the dominant screen activity, a 

player is able to distinguish the card from other activity on the screen. 
Cadill~c Jack "Trjple Threat Rjngo" Advjsory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 14 of 15 

We also evaluated whether fie player station terminal components for "Triple 

Threat Bingo" can be considered an "electronic, computer, or other technologic aid" to 

the pIay of bingo, s term defined in NlGC reguIations, 25 C.F.R. 3 502.7. The player 

station assists a player in the play of the common game. The electronic format of the 

"Triple Threat Bingo" game broadens participation in a common game and alIows 

players to compete against one another. As such, the electronic characteristics of "Triple 

Threat Bingo" offered through its player stations are those of an "electronic, computer or 

other teclmoiogic aid.'" 

First, to meet the requirements of the Commission definitions, the electronic 

format of the game must contain sufficient parameters to "allow" rnultipIe players into 

the Conversely, we believe the format may not seek to limit player participation 

~mnecessarily or in an overly restrictive manner. The fundamental idea is that the 

equipment and the electronic format "broaden" participation, not limit it. Second, in 

using the player terminal, the players must be playing with er against each other, in a 

contest of the game commonly known as bingo or a variant on that game. 

As previously noted, participation in any particular "Triple Threat Bingo" game is 

limited, in theory, only by the number of player stations available on the network and on 

which another game is not already in play. "Triple Threat Bingo" requires a minimum of 

two pIayers for a game to begin. Additional players enter the game if they request 

participation within a set time period. The version shown at the NIGC allowed three (3) 

or more seconds for players to join. This meets our understanding of the minimum time 

for other players to join; however, a period less than two (2) seconds would not meet the 

minimum time. Our opinion is that the electronic format for "Triple Threat Bingo" does 

broaden participation among multiple players because the game format allows three 

seconds for additional players to enter after the first player enters the game. This time 

frame is a critical part of our overall opinion of the game. 

Conclusion 

"Triple Threat Bingo" (Version ~2.23.3)" in the form presented and described 

above, satisfies the criteria for a Class I3 game as that term is defined in IGRA and NlGC 

regulations. 

9 See 25 C.F.R. 5 502.8. "Multiple* means "having, relating to, or consisting of more than one individual, 

element, component or part: manifold." Webster's I1 New College Dictionary (1 995). 

I0 See footnote 1. 
i 

i Cadjllac Jack "?'riple Threat Bingo" Advisory Game Classification Opinion 

December 23,2004 

Page 15 of 15 

? Please address any questions about this opinion to the undersigned or to John Hay 

t or William Grant in the NJGC Office of General Counsel. 

r. 

i: Sincerely yours, 

,J 

Penny 3. Coleman 

Acting General Counsel 

Cc: Lewis Weines, Esq. 

Nancy McAEister, Gaming Commissioner, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma 

NIGC Regional Directors