UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff

- Appellee,

v.

CINDY OMIDI,

Defendant,

JULIAN OMIDI,

Intervenor

- Appellant. No. 16

- 50252

D.C. No. 2:13

- cr

- 00739

- SVW

- 1 Central District of California, Los Angeles

ORDER

Before: GRABER and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and MAHAN, * District Judge.

The memorandum disposition filed on March 23, 2018 is hereby amended.

The amended memorandum disposition will be filed concurrently with this order.

The panel has voted to deny the petition for panel rehearing. Judges Graber

and Owens voted to deny the petition for rehearing en banc, and Judge Mahan so

recommends.

The full court ha s been advised of the suggestion for rehearing en banc, and

no judge has requested a vote on whether to rehear the matter en banc. Fed. R.

App. P. 35.

* The Honorable James C. Mahan, United States District Judge for the District of Nevada, sitting by designation. 

# FILED

MAY 3 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLER K U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S2

The petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc is DENIED.

No further petitions for panel reh earing or petitions for rehearing en banc

will be entertained.NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff

- Appellee,

v.

CINDY OMIDI,

Defendant,

JULIAN OMIDI,

Intervenor

- Appellant. No. 16

- 50252

D.C. No. 2:13

- cr

- 00739

- SVW

- 1

ORDER and AMENDED MEMORANDUM *

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Stephen V. Wilson, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted March 5, 2018 ** Pasadena, California

Before: GRABER and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and MAHAN, *** District Judge.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36

- 3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable James C. Mahan, United States District Judge for the Dist rict of Nevada, sitting by designation. 

# FILED

MAY 3 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLER K U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S2

Julian Omidi appeal s from the district court’s denial of his motion to

partially unseal documents u ncovered during the prosecution of Cindy Omidi.

Appellant made this motion in his capacity as Intervenor at Cindy Omidi’s trial.

We affirm.

1. The district court did not err in denying Appellant ’ s motion to unseal

memoranda of government interviews that were taken in connection with a grand

jury investigation, as well as a hearing transcript and court order that referenced

the memoranda at length (collectively “documents”). The se documents were
records “relating to grand

- jury proceedings” that “must be kept under seal to the

extent and as long as necessary to prev ent the unauthorized disclosure of a matter

occurring before a grand jury.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 6(e)(6); see also United States v.

Index Newspapers LLC , 766 F.3d 1072, 1085

– 86 (9th Cir. 2014); U.S. Indus., Inc.

v. U.S. Dist. Court , 345 F.2d 18, 20

– 21 (9th Cir. 1965).

T he se documents were not subject to any exception under Federal Rule of

Criminal Procedure 6(e)(3)(E)

. Appellant ’ s motion to unseal was not a “request of

the government, ” Fed. R. Crim. P. 6(e) (3)(E) (iii)

– (v), nor was it made by a

defenda nt seeking to dismiss an indictment, see Fed. R. Crim. P. 6(e) (3)(E) (ii).

We also decline to grant the motion under the exception for disclosure requests

made “preliminarily to or in connection with a judicial proceeding. ” Fed. R. Crim.

P. 6(e) (3)(E) (i). Insofar as Appellant seek s to share the documents with Senators3

Mike Lee and Charles Grassley in their alleged government misconduct

investigation, such an investigation does not constitute a “judicial proceeding.”

See id.

As to Appellant ’ s request t o share the documents with potential amici, the

American Bar Association and California Attorneys for Criminal Justice

, in In re

Grand Jury Investigation , 668 F. App’x 792 (9th Cir. 2016) (unpublished)

, his

request has been moot ed by the conclusion of that case

. See W

. Coast Seafood

Processors Ass’n v. N

at. R es. D ef. C

ouncil, Inc. , 643 F.3d 701, 704 (9th Cir. 2011)

(“An appeal is moot if there exists no present controversy as to which effective

relief can be granted.” (internal quotation m arks omitted)). A ppellant ’ s argument

that this issue is capable of repetition yet escaping review fails because there is no

“reasonable expectation” that the issue will repeat itself. In re Grand Jury

Proceedings , 863 F. 2 d 667, 669 (9th Cir. 1988). We do not ask how like ly it is

that any controversy between the government and Appellant will arise again;

i nstead, we ask how likely it is that potential amici will request the se documents

again

. S ee W

. Coast Seafood , 643 F.3d at 704

– 05 (evaluating whether the specific

issue of timeliness was likely to repeat itself, not the larger controversy between

the parties). Appellant ha s made no showing that potential amici will request the

documents in the future

.4

2. Appellant ha s not established a First Amendment right to unseal the

d ocuments. He argue s that the First Amendment right “to petition the Government

for a redress of grievances

, ” U.S. Const. amend I, entitles him to share the

documents with Senators Lee and Grassley, and th at Bursey v. United States , 466

F.2d 1059 (9th Cir. 1972), “is the controlling case.” Bursey con cerned the First

Amendment rights of a witness compelled to testify at a grand jury. Id. at 108 1

–

86 . I t is wholly irrelevant to the First Am endment concerns implicated by

Appellant ’ s request to share the docu ments with S enators Lee and Grassley

. Moreover, the Supreme Court does not recognize a First Amendment right

to unseal all documents pertaining to grand jury matters. Rather, it has developed

a two

- step test that seeks to balance the competing goals of the First Amendment

with the secrecy needs inherent to grand jury proceedings. See Press

- Enter . Co. v.

Superior Court
, 478 U.S. 1 , 8

– 9 (1986). Appellant ha s provided no reason or

authority to suggest that the First Amendment gives him a n absolute right t o share

these documents with s enators

.

3. We lack jurisdiction over the rest of Appellant ’ s claims that allege

government misconduct and grand jury abuse. In criminal proceedings, the final

judgment rule “ normally requires a defendant to wait until the end o f the trial to

obtain appellate review of a pretrial order.” Sell v. United States , 539 U.S. 166,5

176 (2003); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Appellant ha s not yet been tried. The final

judgment rule precludes us from asserting ju risdiction over these claims.

4. We deny all of Appellant ’ s pending motions

.

AFFIRMED.