· 4' ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS 

GREG ABBOTT 

The Honorable Delma Rios-Salazar 

Kleberg County Attorney 

Post Office Box 1411 

Kingsville, Texas 78364-1411 

Dear Ms. Rios-Salazar: 

December 17, 2013 

Opinion No. GA-1032 

Re: Whether the Kleberg County 

commissioners court may create and fund an 

additional bailiff position for the 1 05th 

District Court (RQ-1133-GA) 

You ask whether the Kleberg County commissioners court "is authorized to create and 

fund a separate full time bailiff position" for the 1 05th District Court (the "Court") in Kleberg 

County. 1 "The 105th District Court is composed of Kenedy, Kleberg, and Nueces counties." 

TEX. Gov'T CoDE ANN. § 24.207(a) (West Supp. 2012). You explain that the district judge of 

the Court "serves the majority of the time in Nueces County" and that Kleberg County has 

supplemented the bailiff's pay for the days the judge holds court in Kleberg County.2 Request 

Letter at 1-2. You tell us that, at the judge's request, the Kleberg County commissioners court 

considered and approved an additional bailiff position to serve the Court when it is held in 

Kleberg County. ld at 2; see also Attachment at 1-2. You question the authority of the 

commissioners court to create and fund this additional bailiff position. Request Letter at 2-3. In 

your view, "there is to be one bailiff appointed for each district court in Nueces County and if the 

district is composed of more than one county, the bailiff is to serve each county in the district." 

ld at 3. 

By statute, certain bailiff appointments are mandatory. See TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN. 

§ 53.001 (West 2013). Subsection 53.001(b) of the Government Code requires that "[a] district . 

. . court judge in Nueces County shall appoint a bailiff," making the Court's bailiff a mandatory 

'Letter and Attachment from Honorable Delma Rios-Salazar, Kleberg Cnty. Att'y, to Honorable Greg 

Abbott, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 1 (June 26, 2013), http://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/opin (Attachment on file with the 

Op. Comm.) ("Request Letter" and "Attachment"). 

2

A bailiff appointed pursuant to Government Code subsection 51.003(b) "is entitled to receive a salary set 

by the commissioners court of the county in which the bailiff serves." TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN. § 53 .009(i) (West 

2013). 
The Honorable Delma Rios-Salazar - Page 2 (GA-1032) 

appointment. !d. § 53.001(b) (emphasis added). 3 See also id. §§ 53.006(a) (bailiff appointed 

under section 53.001 "is an officer of the court"); 53.006(d) (bailiff appointed under Section 

53.001(b) "shall serve as part of the security force for the district ... courts in the county and 

shall perform other duties" as required by the judge); 53.0071 (unless otherwise ordered, bailiff 

appointed under subsection 53.001(b) is a "peace officer" for purposes of article 2.12 of the 

Code of Criminal Procedure). Subsection 53.001(b) mandates a single bailiff, whereas other 

provisions in section 53.001 addressing multi-county courts explicitly mandate multiple bailiffs. 

See, e.g., id. § 53.00l(c) (mandating that each criminal district court in Tarrant County have "at 

least three bailiffs assigned regularly to the court"); (d) (requiring the 97th district court judge to 

"appoint a bailiff for each county in the district"). In a separate section, the Legislature has 

authorized the discretionary appointment of bailiffs by the judges of certain named courts, not 

including the judge of the 1 05th District Court. !d. § 53.002. 

In construing a statute, "our primary objective is to determine the Legislature's intent, 

which, when possible, we discern from the plain meaning of the words chosen." Traxler v. 

Entergy Gulf States, Inc., 376 S.W.3d 742, 747 (Tex. 2012). "We may also consider other 

factors, including the object the statute seeks to obtain, legislative history, and the consequences 

of a particular construction. Moreover, we must always consider a statute as a whole and attempt 

to harmonize its various provisions." Marcus Cable Assocs., L.P. v. Krohn, 90 S.W.3d 697, 706 

(Tex. 2002) (citations omitted). Beyond the separation of appointments into mandatory and 

permissive categories, the statutory provisions governing the designation of bailiffs for the 

various courts are not uniform. See also 36 DAVID B. BROOKS, TEX. PRACTICE: COUNTY AND 

SPECIAL DISTRICT LAw § 22.24 (2d ed. 2002). Rules governing such matters as appointment, 

number, eligibility, and salary of bailiffs are presented in piecemeal fashion in individual 

provisions applicable to specific courts. Nonetheless, where statutory rules govern the 

appointment of bailiffs, as in the 1 05th District Court, those rules must be followed. 

"When the Legislature uses a word or phrase in one portion of a statute but excludes it 

from another, the term should not be implied where it has been excluded." R.R. Comm 'n of Tex. 

v. Tex. Citizens for a Safe Future & Clean Water, 336 S.W.3d 619, 628 (Tex. 2011). The 

Legislature mandated multiple bailiffs for other courts but not the 1 05th District Court. 

Moreover, the Legislature authorized discretionary judicial appointment of bailiffs for some 

judges but not for the district judge of the I 05th District Court. Therefore, a court would likely 

conclude that, by enacting subsection 53.001(b), the Legislature has authorized the Court to 

appoint only one bailiff. 

3

See also id § 53.00l(f) (noting that a mandatory appointment pursuant to Government Code section 

53.001 does not affect the separate duty of a sheriff to provide a bailiff for each court); TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. 

ANN. art. 36.24 (West 2006) (mandating the sheriff to "furnish the court with a bailiff' during criminal trials to 

attend to the jury and act at the direction of the court). 
The Honorable Delma Rios-Salazar - Page 3 (GA-1032) 

The limitation of subsection 53.001(b), however, does not mean that the Court cannot 

hire other necessary personnel. Courts have the general power to "appoint appropriate staff and 

support personnel according to the needs in each county." TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN. § 74.103 

(West 2013). In addition, courts have inherent powers derived not "from legislative grant or 

specific constitutional provision, but from the very fact that the court has been created and 

charged by the constitution with certain duties and responsibilities." In re El Paso Cnty. 

Comm 'rs Ct., 281 S.W.3d 16, 27 (Tex. App.-El Paso 2005, no pet.). "The inherent powers of a 

court are those which it may call upon to aid in the exercise of its jurisdiction, in the 

administration of justice, and in the preservation of its independence and integrity," including the 

"power to require the legislative and judicial branches to provide staffing and facilities for it to 

properly perform its judicial functions." Id.; see also Vondy v. Comm 'rs Ct. of Uvalde Cnty., 620 

S.W.2d 104, 110 (Tex. 1981) (recognizing the inherent power of courts to hire and require 

salaries be paid to secretaries, clerks, probation officers, and assistants, and noting that "[t]he 

judicial system ... cannot function properly if those officials who are responsible for carrying 

out certain duties in that process are not properly compensated"). If the Court determines that it 

needs additional staff to aid the Court in the exercise of its judicial functions, the Court may rely 

on Government Code section 74.103 and its inherent power to appoint necessary personnel other 

than a bailiff. 
The Honorable Delma Rios-Salazar - Page 4 (GA-1032) 

SUMMARY 

The Legislature has not authorized the creation of an 

additional bailiff position for the 1 05th District Court. However, if 

the Court determines that it needs additional staff to aid the Court 

in the exercise of its judicial functions, the Court may rely on 

Government Code section 74.103 and its inherent power to appoint 

necessary personnel other than a bailiff. 

DANIEL T. HODGE 

First Assistant Attorney General 

JAMES D. BLACKLOCK 

Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel 

VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER 

Chair, Opinion Committee 

Becky P. Casares 

Very truly yours, 

Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee