IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-0214

Filed March 25, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF M.M.,

Minor Child,

L.M., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jasper County, Thomas W. Mott, 

Judge.

A mother appeals from the order terminating her parental rights. 

AFFIRMED.

Jane Odland of Odland Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Newton, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, Michael K. Jacobsen, County Attorney, and Jonathan Noble, 

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.

Larry Pettigrew of Pettigrew Law Firm, P.C., Newton, for minor child.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Potterfield and Bower, JJ.
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DANILSON, C.J.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child, M.M.1 

The mother has had her parental rights terminated to each of her previous seven 

children and was in police custody at the time of the termination hearing pending 

charges of willful injury and attempted murder. On appeal, she does not dispute 

the statutory ground for termination has been met pursuant to Iowa Code section 

232.116(1)(g) (2015). She maintains the juvenile court should have awarded her 

an additional six months to work towards unification. Also, she maintains 

termination of her parental rights would be detrimental to M.M. because of the 

closeness of their relationship. Because we cannot say the conditions that led to 

removal would no longer exist if the mother was granted a six-month extension 

and the record does not support the mother’s assertion regarding the parent-child 

bond, we affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating the mother’s parental rights.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

M.M. was born in April 2014. Although the mother carried him to full-term, 

he was born weighing less than four pounds. Additionally, he was born with 

hydrocephalus, which is a build-up of fluid within the brain. Due to his low birth 

weight and the mother’s history2 with the Iowa Department of Human Services 

(DHS), a child in need of assistance (CINA) assessment was completed on 

April 8, 2014.

 

1 The parental rights of the biological father have also been terminated. He does not 

appeal.

2

The mother had her parental rights terminated to three children in Iowa in April 2004. 

Her parental rights to three other children were terminated in Pennsylvania in April 2013. 

Most recently, her parental rights to her child, C.M., were terminated in Iowa in 

December 2013. 
3

On May 1, 2014, the juvenile court held a removal hearing while M.M. was 

still in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). On May 5, 2014, the court 

removed M.M. from the mother’s custody.

On May 19, 2014, M.M. was adjudicated a CINA pursuant to Iowa Code 

sections 232.2(6)(b),(c)(2), and (n) (2013).

The mother received three visits per week with M.M. while he was in the 

NICU. M.M. was released from the NICU on June 13, 2014 and placed with a

foster family. The family had previously adopted his biological brother, C.M.,

after the mother’s parental rights were terminated in December 2013. M.M. had

a number of ongoing medical concerns requiring him to see doctors and 

specialists often—up to three times per week. He required a gastric tube for 

feeding in order to prevent aspiration of formula. 

The mother did not attend any visits with M.M. between August 7 and 

November 19, 2014. She initially claimed she was sick and unable to attend 

visits. She later claimed her car broke down, preventing her from getting to 

visits, and her cell phone was stolen, preventing her from setting up other visits 

or requesting help with transportation.

The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights, and a 

hearing was held on the matter on December 9, 2014. At the hearing, two 

different DHS caseworkers, a family safety, risk, and permanency (FSRP)

worker, and the mother’s para-educator testified that the mother and M.M. did not 

have a strong bond. An officer testified the mother was currently in police 

custody pending charges of willful injury and attempted murder. The mother also 

testified. She admitted she still smokes cigarettes. She testified to her own 
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disability from spinal deterioration, which prevents her from being able to walk 

sometimes and will likely confine her to a wheelchair within a few years. She 

also suffers from anxiety and a sleep disorder stemming from a 

methamphetamine lab that blew up in her home and injured two men 

approximately thirteen years ago. The mother does not have a car or a driver’s 

license, but she testified she had family members who could help her get M.M. to 

his medical appointments if he was in her care. The mother admitted she does 

not know how to feed M.M. using his gastric tube, but she maintains she was 

never given the opportunity to learn to do so. The mother did not dispute that 

M.M. could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination hearing as 

she was in jail at the time.

The foster mother testified she was bonded with M.M. and stated that she 

and her husband intended to adopt M.M. if the mother’s parental rights were 

terminated.

On January 22, 2015, the juvenile court filed an order terminating the 

mother’s parental rights to M.M. pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(g) 

and (h). The mother appeals. 

II. Standard of Review.

Our review of termination decisions is de novo. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 

40 (Iowa 2010). We give weight to the juvenile court’s findings, especially 

assessing witness credibility, although we are not bound by them. In re D.W., 

791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). An order terminating parental rights will be 

upheld if there is clear and convincing evidence of grounds for termination under 

section 232.116. Id. Evidence is “clear and convincing” when there are no 
5

serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness of the conclusions of law 

drawn from the evidence. Id.

III. Discussion.

A. Extension.

The mother contends she should have been given a six-month extension 

to pursue reunification with M.M., pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.104(2)(b). 

She maintains that could meet M.M.’s needs if given additional time. 

The mother had only two visits with M.M. between August 7, 2014 and the 

time of the termination hearing in December. She admitted that she did not know 

how to feed M.M. using his gastric tube. Although she claimed family members 

would help transport M.M. to his many medical appointments, the same family 

members were apparently either unwilling or unable to transport her to visits after 

her car broke down. Additionally, the mother was in police custody pending the 

criminal charges of willful injury and attempted murder at the time of the 

termination hearing. 

Children should not be forced to wait for their parent to be able to care for 

them, particularly when we have so little evidence to rely upon to believe the 

circumstances will be different in six months. See In re N.F., 579 N.W.2d 338, 

341 (Iowa Ct .App. 1998). We agree with the district court that the extension is 

not warranted, and we consider whether the grounds for termination have been 

met.

B. Grounds for Termination.

Iowa Code chapter 232 termination of parental rights follows a three-step 

analysis. P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39. The court must first determine whether a 
6

ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established. Id. If a 

ground for termination has been established, the court must apply the bestinterest framework set out in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds for 

termination should result in termination of parental rights. Id. Finally, if the 

statutory best-interest framework supports termination of parental rights, the 

court must consider if any of the statutory exceptions set out in section 

232.116(3) weigh against the termination of parental rights. Id.

Although the juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights on two 

grounds, the mother only disputes one of those grounds, section 232.116(1)(h). 

When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one statutory 

ground, we may affirm the order on any ground we find supported in the record. 

D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707. The mother’s failure to raise the remaining statutory 

ground for termination waives any claim of error related to that ground. See Hyler 

v. Garner, 548 N.W.2d 864, 870 (Iowa 1996) (“[O]ur review is confined to those 

propositions relied upon by appellant for reversal on appeal.”).

There is clear and convincing evidence the ground for termination of the 

mother’s parental rights to M.M. has been met pursuant to section 232.116(1)(g). 

In determining the best interests of the child, we give primary 

consideration to “the child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the longterm nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional 

conditions and needs of the child.” See Iowa Code § 232.116(2). The foster 

mother is bonded with M.M., and the foster family is capable of meeting his 

medical needs. Additionally, termination will enable M.M. to achieve 

permanency. The foster family has already adopted M.M.’s biological brother 
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and intends to adopt M.M. as well. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 113 (Iowa 

2014) (citing In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 802 (Iowa 2006) (Cady, J., concurring 

specially) (noting the “defining elements in a child’s best interest” are the child’s 

safety and her “need for a permanent home”)). We conclude termination is in 

M.M.’s best interests.

Iowa Code section 232.116(3) provides that “[t]he court need not 

terminate the relationship between the parent and child” under certain 

circumstances. A finding under subsection 3 allows the court not to terminate. 

See P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39. The factors weighing against termination in section 

232.116(3) are permissive, not mandatory, and the court may use its discretion, 

based on the unique circumstances of each case and the best interests of the 

child, whether to apply the factors in this section to save the parent-child 

relationship. In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 113 (Iowa 2014). The mother 

contends terminating the parent-child relationship would be detrimental to M.M. 

due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship, pursuant to section 

232.116(3)(c). However, two DHS caseworkers, the FSRP provider, and the 

mother’s para-educator testified there was not a strong bond between M.M. and 

his mother. Additionally, M.M. was only eight months old at the time of the 

termination hearing, and the mother had attended just two visits between 

August 7 and December 19, 2014. We acknowledge the mother loves M.M., but 

we do not believe the permissive factor makes termination unnecessary in light of 

M.M.’s need for permanency.
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IV. Conclusion.

Because we cannot say the conditions that led to removal would no longer 

exist if the mother was granted a six-month extension, and the evidence in the 

record does not support the mother’s assertion regarding the child’s bond with 

her, we affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating the mother’s parental rights.

AFFIRMED.