[Cite as Keller v. Keller, 2018-Ohio-3141.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

MICHAEL C. KELLER 

 Plaintiff-Appellee 

-vsSUSAN S. KELLER 

 Defendant-Appellant 

JUDGES: 

: Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. 

: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. 

: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. 

: 

: 

: Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008 

: 18 CAF 01 0009 

: 18 CAF 01 0010 

: 

: OPINION 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Delaware County 

Court of Common Pleas, Domestic 

Relations Division, Case No. 14 DR A 01 

0007 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 6, 2018 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant 

EUGENE LEWIS BARRY WOLINETZ 

65 East State Street 250 Civic Center Drive 

Suite 1000 Suite 220 

Columbus, OH 43215 Columbus, OH 43215 
[Cite as Keller v. Keller, 2018-Ohio-3141.]

Gwin, P.J. 

{¶1} Appellant/Wife appeals the December 27, 2017 judgment entry of the 

Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, and the January 

22, 2018 QDRO’s for the IBM and Nationwide Pension Plans. 

Facts & Procedural History

{¶2} Appellant Susan Keller and appellee Michael Keller were married for thirtytwo years. The trial court granted appellant and appellee a divorce pursuant to an agreed 

judgment entry-decree of divorce on July 31, 2015. Pursuant to the decree, 

Retirement Accounts: The parties further agree that the parties shall 

divide equally all retirement/employment benefits, as described 

below, whether referred to as an IRA, 401(k) Pension, Retirement 

Plans, Profit Sharing or otherwise, and whether qualified or not 

qualified, including but not limited to all benefits through Nationwide 

and prior employer IBM. The parties shall retain QDRO Consultants 

Company or another proper expert to prepare any necessary 

QDRO(s) * * * The Retirement Plan documents will control the 

division of the Plans. * * * 

Consistent with the method contained in Exhibit D attached hereto 

the non-qualified plans and benefits shall be divided as outlined on 

an “if, as, and when” basis. For the Non-Qualified portion of the 

pension, the parties agree that the non-qualified plans are to be 

divided equally as though they were being divided currently as the 

martial share. The payout of the non-qualified plans shall be paid to 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 3 

Defendant/Wife after accounting for and having deducted therefrom 

all tax consequences dividing the balance of the marital share 

equally between Plaintiff and Defendant. Plaintiff agrees to name 

Defendant upon his death so that she will receive the remainder of 

the 50% of the marital share. 

{¶3} Exhibit D, attached to the decree of divorce, identified five retirement 

accounts: Mike 401(k), Sue IRA, Mike UBS Roth, Sue UBS Roth, and Pension. The 

asterisk at Pension referenced these notations: 

*Pension Amounts will be divided as per Qualified Domestic 

Relations Order QDRO calculation, to be incorporated into your 

divorce agreement. 

*Qualified Pension amounts will be as per a Qualified Domestic 

Relations Order (QDRO) calculation, to be incorporated into your 

divorce agreement. The QDRO language will control both pre and 

post retirement payouts, so that each party’s interests can be agreed 

to in advance. * * * 

For the Non-Qualified portion of the pension, the QDRO does not 

apply, as QDRO’s only apply to Qualified plans. The split can be 

agreed to in your divorce agreement, using a formula to incorporate 

any additional accruals due to future Nationwide employment * * *. 

{¶4} Appellant and appellee filed an agreed judgment entry on August 29, 2016, 

stating, “the parties further agree that the parties shall divide equally all 

retirement/employment benefits * * *.” 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 4 

{¶5} On August 10, 2017, appellant filed a motion for clarification/declaratory 

judgment with regard to the division of retirement accounts. 

{¶6} The trial court issued a judgment entry on December 27, 2017. The trial 

court found the Nationwide and IBM retirement plans should be divided as of July 31, 

2015. Further, that appellant’s 50% portion of the Nationwide and IBM retirement plans, 

as of July 31, 2015, shall be determined utilizing a frozen coverture fraction. 

{¶7} Appellant appeals the December 27, 2017 judgment entry and the January 

22, 2018 QDRO’s for the IBM and Nationwide Pension Plans and assigns the following 

as error: 

{¶8} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN 

IT ORDERED A DIVISION OF RETIREMENT BENEFITS, UTILIZING THE FROZEN 

COVERTURE METHOD, UPON THE PARTIES’ DATE OF DIVORCE.” 

I. 

{¶9} The issue in this case is whether the proper date of division for appellee’s 

Nationwide and IBM retirement plans is the date of appellee’s retirement in the future or 

whether the proper date of division for appellee’s Nationwide and IBM retirement plans is 

the date of divorce. 

{¶10} Once a court has made an equitable property division, the trial court does 

not have jurisdiction to modify its decision. R.C. 3105.171(I). The trial court, however, 

retains broad jurisdiction to clarify and construe its original property division so as to 

effectuate the judgment. Oberst v. Oberst, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 09-CA-54, 2010-Ohio452; Knapp v. Knapp, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 05CA2, 2005-Ohio-7105. 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 5 

{¶11} Because the divorce decree incorporates an agreed judgment entry, the 

determination of the above involves the application of the general rules of contract 

interpretation. Where ambiguity is complained of and where the parties dispute the 

meaning of clauses in the agreement, it is the duty of the court to examine the contract 

and determine whether the ambiguity exists. Id. If an ambiguity does exist, the court has 

the duty and the power to clarify and interpret such clauses by considering the intent of 

the parties as well as the fairness of the agreement. Id.; Houchins v. Houchins, 5th Dist. 

Stark No. 2006CA00205, 2007-Ohio-1450. However, if the terms of the Decree are 

unambiguous, then the courts must apply the normal rules of construction. Id. The 

interpretation of the clause is a matter of law and the court must interpret the intent of the 

parties using only the language employed. Id. 

{¶12} We have previously held that the determination of whether an ambiguity 

exists is a question of law to which we apply a de novo standard of review. Barnes v. 

Barnes, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2003CA00383, 2005-Ohio-544. 

{¶13} We find this case analogous to Oberst v. Oberst, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 09-

CA-54, 2010-Ohio-452. In Oberst, the parties submitted proposed QDRO’s. Id. The 

appellant’s proposed QDRO allocated to her one-half of the appellee’s retirement plan as 

of the date of appellee’s actual retirement in the future, whereas the appellee’s proposed 

QDRO allocated to appellant one-half of his retirement as of the effective date of the 

divorce. Id. The parties in Oberst did not specify a date for the division of the pension 

plan in the divorce decree, but the language in the decree provided, “the pension plan of 

the defendant’s is to be equally divided by a QDRO.” Id. 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 6 

{¶14} In this case, like Oberst, appellant’s proposed QDRO allocated to her onehalf of the retirement plans as of the date of appellee’s actual retirement in the future, 

whereas appellee’s proposed QDRO allocated to appellant one-half of his retirement as 

of the effective date of the divorce. Further, like in Oberst, nowhere in the divorce decree 

or subsequent agreed judgment entry do the parties specify a date for the division of the 

retirement interests. However, the decree provides, the “parties shall divide equally all 

retirement/employment benefits.” 

{¶15} Like the appellant in Oberst, the appellant in this case argues the trial court 

erred by refusing to sign her QDRO which followed the plain language of the decree 

dividing the retirement plans equally. We disagree with appellant. 

{¶16} For the purposes of the division of marital property, R.C. 3107.171(A)(2) 

establishes a statutory presumption that the proper date for the termination of a marriage 

is the date of the final divorce hearing and sets forth a procedure for determining and 

identifying an alternate date if the court or the parties agree the date of the final hearing 

is not equitable. Further, the “duration of the marriage is critical in distinguishing martial, 

separate, and post-separation assets and liabilities, and in determining appropriate dates 

for the valuation of those assets and liabilities.” Pierron v. Pierron, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 

07CA3153, 07CA3159, 2008-Ohio-1286. 

{¶17} The Fourth District stated in Pierron, in finding the date of divorce was the 

appropriate date of distribution, that the mere silence on an issue or a failure to address 

it did not create an ambiguity; nor was the question of perceived inequity relevant to the 

issue of whether the decree was ambiguous on its face. Id. 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 7 

{¶18} In this case, the parties do not specify a date of the division of the retirement 

interests in either the agreed judgment entry-decree of divorce or the subsequent agreed 

judgment entry. However, as we stated in Oberst, the mere absence of such a division 

date does not create an ambiguity in the property division. Oberst v. Oberst, 5th Dist. 

Fairfield No. 09-CA-54, 2010-Ohio-452. Here, we find no ambiguity in the divorce decree. 

It states, “the parties further agree that the parties shall divide equally all 

retirement/employment benefits.” In the August 29, 2016 agreed judgment entry, the 

parties again, “agree that the parties shall divide equally all retirement/employment 

benefits * * *.” While the parties could have agreed to a future date in the divorce decree, 

they did not. As such, we hold the divorce decree unambiguously states that the IBM and 

Nationwide pension plans are to be equally divided, effective as of the termination of the 

marriage, on July 31, 2015. See Oberst v. Oberst, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 09-CA-54, 2010-

Ohio-452. 

{¶19} Appellant also contends the trial court erred in finding her 50% share of the 

Nationwide and IBM retirement plans, as of July 31, 2015, shall be determined utilizing a 

frozen coverture fraction. We disagree. 

{¶20} Under the frozen coverture method, the trial court “freezes” the pension 

benefits at the amount in the account as of the divorce date. Cameron v. Cameron, 10th 

Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-349, 2012-Ohio-6258. In the traditional coverture method, the 

court determines the amount of money due the non-participant spouse by using the value 

of the pension at retirement to determine the “monthly accrued benefit” and then multiples 

this monthly accrued benefit by a traditional coverture fraction. Id. 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 8 

{¶21} The frozen coverture method calculates the value of the retirement account 

had appellee retired on the same day the parties divorced. Id. The traditional coverture 

method utilizes the value of the pension at retirement. Id. Where there is an 

“unambiguous direction to award half the value of the pension as of the date of the 

divorce,” the “benefits should be calculated according to the benefits as they existed at 

the time of the divorce because to do otherwise constitutes a modification of the divorce 

decree itself.” Id.; Cox v. Cox, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA98-04-045, 1999 WL 58098. 

{¶22} Based upon our determination that the divorce decree unambiguously 

states the pension plans are to be equally divided, effective as of the termination of the 

marriage on July 31, 2015, use of a frozen coverture fraction for determination of 

appellant’s benefits is the only permissible method pursuant to the decree. Accordingly, 

the trial court did not err in utilizing the frozen coverture method. 

{¶23} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s assignment of error is overruled. 
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAF 01 0008, 18 CAF 01 0009 & 18 CAF 01 0010 9 

{¶24} The December 27, 2017 judgment entry of the Delaware County Court of 

Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, and the January 22, 2018 QDRO’s for the 

IBM and Nationwide Pension Plans are affirmed. 

By Gwin, J., 

Wise, John, P.J., and 

Baldwin, J., concur