# Patent

## Title
MEMS device with an angular vertical comb actuator

## Abstract

A vertical comb electro-static actuator for rotating a micro-electro-mechanical micro-mirror device about a tilt axis or rotation. The rotor comb fingers of the comb drive extend from a sub-frame of the micro-mirror, which includes a prestressed layer for bending the rotor comb fingers at an angle to the substrate and mirrored platform, enabling the platform, the hinges, the rotor comb fingers and the stator comb fingers to be formed in the same layer, i.e. the same etching step.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present invention claims priority from U.S. patent application No. 60/945,364 filed Jun. 21, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a micro-electro-mechanical device utilizing a comb actuator, and in particular to an array of optical micro-mirrors that are tillable under the control of an angular vertical comb drive.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Major challenges in electro-statically actuated optical micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) devices is to achieve a relatively high angle of rotation and to lower the actuation voltage, especially in the switching axis, i.e. the “piano” or Y axis. Conventional biaxial MEMS devices, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,934,439 issued Aug. 23, 2005 in the name of Miller et al, and 7,095,546 issued Aug. 22, 2006 in the name of Mala et al include two sets of parallel plate electro-static electrodes for both tilt (Y-axis) and roll (X-axis) movements requiring complicated electrode and supply configurations, such as the ones disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,968,101 issued Nov. 22, 2005, and 7,010,188 issued Mar. 7, 2006 both in the name of Miller et al. providing limited tilt angle (Y axis) range and control.
Parallel plates (PP) electro-static electrodes suffer from pull-in instability, which limits useable angular range; accordingly, parallel plate electrodes for both piano tilt and roll does not provide sufficient range for next generation devices.
A vertical comb drive is a type of MEMS actuator capable of relatively high actuator power using electrostatic principals of operation, and can be fabricated using standard materials and scalable processes developed in the semiconductor industry. Vertical comb drives can be advantageously used to control high-speed, high-resolution micro-mirrors in a variety of optical applications including optical scanning, optical switching, free-space optical communications, optical phased arrays, optical filters, external cavity lasers, adaptive optics and oilier applications.
The actuation principle of a typical vertical comb drive is electrostatic, wherein a potential difference is applied between two comb structures, a movable comb (or a rotor), and a stationary comb (or a stator). When a voltage is applied between them, a torque is developed from the electrostatic filed causing the movable comb to rotate about supporting hinges toward the stationary comb until the electrostatic torque is balanced by the restoring mechanical torque of the hinge springs. Different types of vertical comb drive devices are described in further detail, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,612,029 issued to Benin et al, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Conventional vertical comb drives are relatively efficient compared to parallel plate electro-static electrode actuators, and may be designed to avoid the pull-in phenomenon in the actuation direction associated with parallel plate electrodes. However, a major challenge with vertical comb drives is the sub-micron comb finger alignment accuracy that is required for the stability of the actuator.
One type of comb actuator is a staggered vertical comb (SVC) drive in which the rotor and stator combs are fabricated in different layers. A typical prior art process flow invokes creating the moving comb assembly by etching one silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, and creating the stationary comb assembly by etching another SOI wafer, and then assembling the two etched wafers together to form the vertical comb drive. Different versions of such process are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,925,710 and 7,079,299. However, stringent alignment requirements between the two wafers from which the two comb assemblies are formed can considerably complicate the device processing and negatively affect the device yield. A self-aligned mask process has been developed to overcome this issue disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/733,821 issued to Moffat et al, which is incorporated herein by reference, although such a self-aligned SVC process is relatively complex.
An object of the present invention is to provide a micro-mirror pivotable with an actuator array structure using angled combs in the switching axis (Y) to obtain a relatively large tilt angle and or to reduce the required voltage.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a MEMs micro-mirror device comprising:
a substrate;
a mirrored platform pivotally mounted above the substrate for rotation about a first axis;
a first hinge enabling the mirrored platform to rotate about the first axis;
a stator comb actuator extending from the substrate; and
a rotor comb actuator, for interleaving with the stator comb actuator, extending at an acute angle from the mirrored platform for rotating the mirrored platform about the first axis.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which represent preferred embodiments thereof, wherein:
FIG. 1a is an isometric view of a micro-mirror structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 1b is an isometric view of the internal platform and the external deck of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a; 
FIG. 1c is an isometric view of the substrate of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a; 
FIG. 2 is a top view of a plurality of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a with their reflective surfaces interleaved;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the internal platform of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a; 
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the internal platform of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a from below;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the internal platform and the external deck of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a in accordance with a first angular vertical comb drive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an top view of the internal platform and the external deck of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7a is an isometric view of the internal platform and the external deck of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 1a in accordance with a second angular vertical comb drive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is an top view of the internal platform and the external deck of the micro-mirror structures of FIG. 7a; 
FIG. 8a to 8d illustrate a first method of manufacture in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9a to 9e illustrate a second method of manufacture in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a micro-mirror structure in accordance with a staggered vertical comb drive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the substrate of the micro-mirror structure of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a top view of the internal platform of the micro-mirror structure of FIG. 10; and
FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the internal platform of the micro-mirror structure of FIG. 10.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
With reference to FIGS. 1a to 1c the present invention relates to a micro-mirror structure 1, for tilting a platform or deck 8 with a reflective surface 3 about a first lateral switching (Y or tilt) axis above a substrate 2. In the preferred embodiment the reflective surface 3 is also pivotable about a second orthogonal longitudinal rolling axis (X) above the substrate 2; however, micro-mirrors pivoting about a single axis are also within the scope of the invention. The illustrated micro-mirror structure 1 utilizes a hybrid actuator, including an angular vertical comb (AVC) drive for rotating the platform 8 about the switching axis (Y) to obtain a relatively large tilt angle and to reduce the required voltage, and a parallel plate electro-static actuator for rotating the platform 8 about the rolling axis (X); however, the parallel plate electro-static actuator is not necessary for platforms 8 tilling about a single axis.
An internal frame structure 4 is pivotable about the Y-axis, and in the ease of an AVC, includes bi-material cantilevered beams 5a and 5b on opposite ends thereof, with rotor combs 6a and 6b, respectively, extending therefrom perpendicular to the Y axis. A single cantilevered beam and rotor comb can be used is certain circumstances. Rectangular skeletal frames 7a and 7b extend from the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, respectively, (or from the internal frame structure 4) surrounding and enclosing the rotor combs 6a and 6b, respectively. The external platform 8, pivotable about both the X and Y axes, surrounds the internal frame structure 4, and includes the reflective surface 3, a wing section 9a, a tail section 10, and a rectangular frame arm 18 extending between the reflective surface 3 and the tail section 10 on an opposite side of the external deck 8 to the wing section 9a. The mirrored section 3 is coated with a reflective coating, e.g. gold, for reflecting beams of light, while the tale section 10 provides an offsetting weight for balance.
The roll rotation about the X axis is achieved by a conventional parallel plate electro-static actuator including an X-electrode 9b mounted on the substrate 2 for attracting the underside of the wing section 9a of the external platform 8 acting as a matching electrode. The roll rotation doesn't affect the alignment of the comb drive due to fact that the internal frame structure 4 with the rotor combs 6a and 6b is arranged internal to the X-hinge (FIG. 3), and thereby only tilts about the Y axis.
With reference to FIG. 1c the substrate 2, which may be glass or silicon, includes recesses 12a and 12b on either side of a raised pedestal portion 13 to provide a wide range of angular motion for the external platform 8 about the Y axis. The raised pedestal 13 includes the X-electrode % extending along one side thereof, a pedestal or anchor post 14 in the middle thereof at the intersection of the X and Y axes, from which the mirror structure 1 rotates, and a stator anchor 16a and 16b on each end thereof.
The mirrored sections 3 can be interleaved with mirrored sections from adjacent mirror platforms, which extend in the opposite direction, as illustrated in FIG. 2, and as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,167,613 issued Jan. 23, 2007 to Miller et al, which is incorporated herein by reference.
With particular reference to FIG. 3, the external platform 8 and the internal frame structure 4 are pivotally interconnected by a first torsional hinge 21 extending between the tail section 10 and the rectangular frame 7a, and by a second torsional hinge 22 extending between the reflective surface 3 and the rectangular frame 7b, thereby defining the longitudinal X-axis. The first and second torsional hinges 21 and 22 can be serpentine beams having ends extending along the X-axis or having an end extending parallel to the X-axis on each side thereof, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Along with the rotor combs 6a and 6b, the comb drive includes two sets of longitudinally extending fixed (stator) combs 26a and 26b mounted on the stator anchors 16a and 16b having fingers interleaved with the fingers of the rotor combs 6a and 6b, respectively. A rectangular cap 27 is formed in the middle of the internal platform 4 for bonding to the top end of the anchor post 14. Third and fourth torsional hinges 28 and 29, best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, extend from opposite sides of the rectangular cap 27 to the internal platform 4 for supporting the internal platform 4, thereby defining the lateral Y-axis. The third and fourth torsional hinges 28 and 29 can be serpentine beams having ends extending along the Y-axis or having an end extending parallel to the Y-axis on each side thereof, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The moving (rotor) combs 6a and 6b are in between the first and second torsional hinges 21 and 22, whereby the fingers of the moving combs 6a and 6b are free to rotate along with the external platform 8 about the Y-axis (piano) via the third and fourth torsional hinges 28 and 29, but are independent of the external platform 8 and remain stationary when the external platform 8 rotates about the longitudinal X axis via first and second torsional hinges 21 and 22.
The Y-axis torsional hinges 28 and 29, are preferably serpentine torsion springs having a length smaller than a width of the mirror platform 3 or the tail sections 10, whereby the mirrored platforms 3 can be closely packed together with only a small air gap therebetween, and are fixed to the central post 14, which in turn is mixed to the substrate 2.
A key advantage of the angular vertical comb drive in this embodiment is that the Comb fingers for both the rotor combs 6a and 6b, and stator combs and 26b can be processed simultaneously in the same layer, providing self-alignment, and then the moving rotor combs 6a and 6b can be tilted at an acute angle to the substrate 2, providing an angular vertical comb drive, upon release during manufacture, by means of the pre-stressed bi-material, e.g. silicon-silicon dioxide, cantilevered beams 5a and 5b. Accordingly, no post-fabrication tilting process or mechanisms are required.
The rotor and stator fingers for the rotor combs 6a and 6b and stator combs 26a and 26b need to be vertically offset from each other to produce the electrostatic force in the vertical direction as a voltage is applied. If the rotor and stator fingers are in same plane, there is no force in the vertical direction hence no torque for mirror tilt. According to the present invention, an angular vertical offset (pre-tilt) is easier to realize in one layer by curling the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b during release in order to pre-tilt the rotor combs 6a and 6b. With limited space available, it is practically impossible to make all of the comb fingers in one layer and then offset the rotor combs 6a and 6b or stator combs 26a and 26b linearly in the vertical direction.
Accordingly, with reference to FIGS. 8a to 9e, the cantilevered beam sections 5a and 5b have a bi-material structure including a main structural layer 31, which may or may not be contiguous with the internal platform 4, e.g. a thin silicon layer, and a pre-stressed layer 32, e.g. a thermally grown silicon dioxide layer underneath the upper structural layer 31. The pre-stressed layer 32 (FIG. 4) has residual compressive stress, typically about 300 Mpa. Silicon dioxide is preferred as it may be processed at very high temperature, e.g. 1000° C., hence is relatively defect free, ensuring the stability of the stress over time at operational temperature regime of the device, i.e. 0° C. to 70° C.
Alternatively, the pre-stressed layer 32 may comprise a compressive poly-silicon layer deposited underneath the structural layer 31 or a tensile poly-silicon layer 32 on top of the thin structural layer 31. Like thermal silicon oxide, poly-silicon is expected to be stable at operational temperatures.
Upon release, the stress in the pre-stressed layers 32 cause the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b to bend upwardly, and the rotor combs 6a and 6b to tilt at an acute angle to the substrate 2 and or the external deck 8, as shown in FIG. 5. In the simulation given in FIG. 5, the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b are such that not only the rotor combs 6a and 6b are tilted, but also the external platform 8 is lifted up relative to the Y-hinge, i.e. the third and fourth torsional hinges 28 and 29, and the anchor post 14, as shown; which is an advantageous configuration, since it provides additional moving space for the external platform 8. As illustrated FIG. 6, the rectangular frames 7a and 7b are connected to the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, respectively, whereby the outer ends of the fingers of the rotor combs 6a and 6b bend along with the rectangular frames 7a and 7b. The rectangular frames 7a and 7b are also connected to the external deck 8 via the first and second torsional hinges 21 and 22, whereby the entire external platform 8 lifts up with the ends of the rotor combs 6a and 6b. 
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7a, the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b may be designed such that only the rotor fingers 6a and 6b are tilted at an acute angle relative to the substrate 2 and or the external platform 8, keeping the rest of the external platform 8 in the same plane as the internal frame structure 4, i.e. the square cap 27 and the torsional hinges 28 and 20. As illustrated in FIG. 7b, in the embodiment of FIG. 7a, the outer ends of the fingers in the rotor combs 6a and 6b are free and unrestrained, and therefore tilt by themselves with the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, respectively. The rectangular frames 7a and 7b, surrounding the rotor combs 6a and 6b, respectively, extend from the internal frame structure 4 separate from the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, and therefore do not bend along with the rotor fingers 6a and 6b and the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b. 
When a potential difference is applied between the grounded rotor combs 6a and 6b the internal frame structure 4 and the live stator combs 26a and 26b fixed to the substrate 2, a torque is produced by the electrostatic force in the vertical direction between the rotor and stator comb pairs 6a and 26a, 6b and 26b, and results in the tilting of the entire mirror device 1, i.e. the internal frame structure 4 and the external platform X, about the third and fourth (Y-axis) hinges 28 and 29.
The external platform 8 rotates about the X-axis when a potential difference is applied between the wing section 9a, and the X-electrode 9b patterned on the substrate 2, due to the electrostatic force of attraction between the wing section 9a and the X-electrode 9b. When the external platform 8 tilts in the roll or X-direction, the rotor combs 6a and 6b are stationary since they are arranged internal to the first and second X-axis hinges 21 and 22.
The present invention may be realized by starting with a double silicon on insulator (DSOI) structure or a single SOI structure, as shown in FIGS. 8a to 8d and FIGS. 9a to 9c, respectively. In the DSOI case, FIG. 8a illustrates a multi-layer structure including the pre-stressed insulator layer 32, e.g. a first a thermal oxide layer of desired thickness (typically 2 μm), grown on a first structural, e.g. silicon, layer 31, with a second insulator, e.g. silicon dioxide layer, 33 and a second structural layer 34 formed thereon. A handle wafer 36 with a release layer 37 is provided for supporting the multi-layer structure during manufacture. In FIG. 8b, the first structural layer 31 and pre-stressed layer 32 are patterned from the backside to form the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b. The DSOI structure is then bonded to the patterned substrate 2, (see FIG. 8c) which has already been formed to include the recesses 12a and 12b and the raised pedestal 13 with the anchor post 14 and the stator anchors 16a and 16b. The handle wafer 36 is then removed with the release layer 37. The next step is illustrated in FIG. 8d, in which the comb pairs 6a, 6b, 26a and 26b and the torsional hinges 21, 22, 28 and 29 are then processed in the exposed Si layer 34, releasing the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, simultaneously. The remaining oxide 33 on top of the beam structures 5a and 5b is now removed by means of a dry etch to achieve the filling or self-assembly of the rotor combs 6a and 6b. The overlapping width of rotor comb 6a, the platform 27, and the material cantilevered beam 5a have to chosen such that any undercut during oxide etch does not adversely affect the required anchoring width of the anchor post 14. i.e. on the order of a few microns.
The design may also be realized simply by a single SOI, as shown in FIGS. 9a to 9e. FIG. 9a illustrates the first step, in which a single SOI structure is provided including a structural, e.g. silicon, layer 41 between a pro-stressed insulating, e.g. silicon dioxide, layer 42 and a release layer 43, all supported by a handle wafer 44. In the second step, illustrated in FIG. 9b, the pre-stressed layers 41 for the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b are grown, patterned on, and etched from the structural layer 41. The SOI structure is then bonded to the patterned substrate 2, (see FIG. 9c) which has already been formed to include the recesses 12a and 12b and the raised pedestal 13 with the anchor post 14 and the stator anchors 16a and 16b. Then a timed etch is performed on the exposed structural layer 41 to thin the material, e.g. silicon, at the section including the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b, see FIG. 9d. After the thinning step, the comb pairs 6a and 6b, and 26a and 26b and the torsional hinges 21, 22, 28 and 29 are then processed in the exposed Si layer 41, releasing the cantilevered beams 5a and 5b simultaneously, which results in the self-assembly of the rotor combs 6a and 6b, as described previously.
A staggered vertical comb drive embodiment illustrated for comparison purposes in FIGS. 10 to 13, in which a MEMS micro-mirror device 101 for simultaneously tilting reflective surfaces 103a an 103b about a first lateral switching (V) axis and a second orthogonal longitudinal rolling axis (X) above a substrate 102. The micro-mirror device 101 utilizes a hybrid actuator, including a staggered vertical comb drive for rotating the reflective surfaced 103a 103b about the switching axis (Y) to obtain a relatively large tilt angle and to reduce the required voltage, and a parallel plate electro-static actuator for rotating the reflective surfaces 103a and 103b about the rolling axis (X).
An internal rectangular or square skeletal frame structure 104 is pivotable about the Y-axis, with rotor combs 106a and 106b, respectively, extending therefrom parallel to the X axis. The rectangular frame 104 includes rectangular skeletal arms 107a and 107b extending from opposite ends sides thereof, surrounding and enclosing the rotor combs 106a and 106b, respectively. An external deck 108, pivotable about both the X and Y axes, substantially surrounds the internal frame structure 104 (at least three sides thereof), and includes the reflective surfaces 103a and 103b, and a wing section 109a. The mirrored sections 103a and 103b are coated with a reflective coating, e.g. gold, for reflecting beams of light.
The roll rotation about the X axis is achieved by a parallel plate electro-static actuator including an X-electrode 109b mounted on the substrate 102 for attracting the underside of the wing section 109a of the external deck 108 acting as a matching electrode. The roll rotation doesn't affect the alignment of the comb drive due to fact that the internal frame structure 104 with the rotor combs 106a and 106b is arranged internal to the X-hinge (FIG. 12), i.e. in between torsional hinges 121 and 122, and thereby only tilts about the Y axis.
With reference to FIG. 11, the substrate 102, which may be glass or silicon, includes recesses 112a and 112b on either side of a raised pedestal portion 113 to provide a wide range of angular motion for the external deck 108 about the Y axis. The raised pedestal 113 includes the X-electrode 109b extending along one side thereof, a pedestal or anchor post 114 in the middle thereof, from which the mirror structure 101 rotates, and at least one set of stator combs 126. A second set of stator combs can be provided if necessary.
With particular reference to FIG. 12, the outer deck 108 and the internal frame structure 104 are pivotally interconnected by a first torsional hinge 121 extending between the first mirrored section 103a and the rectangular frame 107a, and by a second torsional hinge 122 extending between the second reflective surface 103b and the rectangular frame 107b, thereby defining the longitudinal X-axis. The first and second torsional hinges 121 and 122 can be serpentine beams having ends extending along the X-axis or having an end extending parallel to the X-axis on each side thereof, as illustrated.
Along with the rotor combs 106a and 106b, the comb drive includes at least one set of longitudinally extending fixed (stator) combs 126 mounted on the substrate 102 having fingers interleaved with the fingers of the rotor combs 106a and/or 106b. The fixed combs 126 extend parallel to the rotor combs 106a and 106b, respectively, but in a parallel plane, i.e. the rotor combs 106a and 106b extend in a first plane including the outer deck 108, which is superposed above a second plane including the fixed combs 126 extending therein. A rectangular cap 127 is formed in the middle of the internal frame structure 104 for bonding to the top end of the anchor post 114. Third and fourth torsional hinges 128 and 129, best seen in FIG. 12, extend from opposite sides of the rectangular cap 127 to the sides of the internal frame structure 104 for supporting the internal frame structure 104, the rotor combs 106a and 106b, and the rectangular frames 107a and 107b, thereby defining the lateral Y-axis. The third and fourth torsional hinges 128 and 129 can be straight springs or serpentine beams having ends extending along the Y-axis or having an end extending parallel to the Y-axis on each side thereof, as illustrated.
When a potential difference is applied between the grounded rotor combs 106b on the mirror 101, and live stator combs 126 fixed to the substrate 102, a torque is produced by the electrostatic force in the vertical direction between the rotor and stator comb pairs causing the rotor combs 106b to rotate at an acute angle to the stator comb 126, and results in the tilling of the entire mirror structure 101 about the Y-axis torsional hinges 128 and 129. The Y-axis torsional hinges 128 and 129, are preferably positioned between the first and second reflective surfaces 103a and 103b, and comprise serpentine torsion springs having a length smaller than a width of the mirror platform 103a, whereby reflective surfaces 103a and 103b or adjacent mirrors can be closely packed together with only a small air gap therebetween. The inner ends of the torsional hinges 128 and 129 are fixed to the cap 127, which is mounted on the central post 114, which in turn extends from the substrate 102.
The moving (rotor) comb fingers 106a and 106b are in between the first and second torsional hinges 121 and 122, whereby the moving comb fingers 106a and 106b are free to rotate along with the outer deck 108 about the Y-axis (piano) via the third and fourth torsional hinges 128 and 129, but are independent of the outer deck 108 and remain stationary when the outer deck 108 rotates about the longitudinal X axis via first and second torsional hinges 121 and 122.
The design of the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 14 is realized by a double SOI on a substrate process, and involves only one bonding step. One of the layers of the double SOI will form the stator fingers 126 fixed to the substrate 102, and the second layer will form the mirrors 103a and 103b/rotor fingers 106a and 106b/hinge structures 121, 122, 128 and 129. The fabrication of the staggered comb drive is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/733,821 Filed Apr. 11, 2007 in the name of Moffat et al, which is incorporated herein by reference

## Claims

1. A MEMs micro-mirror device comprising:
a substrate;
a mirrored platform pivotally mounted above the substrate for rotation about a first axis;
a first hinge enabling the mirrored platform to rotate about the first axis;
a stator comb actuator extending from the substrate; and
a rotor comb actuator, for interleaving with the stator comb actuator, extending at an acute angle from the mirrored platform for rotating the mirrored platform about the first axis.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor comb actuator includes a fixed end, and an outer end; and
wherein the fixed end of the rotor comb actuator is coplanar with the stator comb actuator,
whereby the rotor and stator comb actuators are formable in the same layer.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor comb actuator includes a first cantilevered structure and first rotor combs extending therefrom;
wherein the first cantilevered structure includes a prestressed layer for bending the first cantilevered structure and the rotor comb actuator at the acute angle to the stator comb actuator.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the first cantilevered structure includes a fixed inner end, and the first rotor combs include outer free ends; and
wherein the fixed inner end of the first cantilevered structure is coplanar with the stator comb actuator, whereby the rotor and stator comb actuators are formable in the same layer.

5. The device according to claim 4, further comprising a frame extending between the rotor comb actuator and the platform, whereby when the first cantilevered structure bends the rotor comb actuator, the platform is disposed above the first hinge and the stator comb actuator.

6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the first cantilevered structure bends relative to the platform, whereby when the first cantilevered structure bends the rotor comb actuator, the platform remains coplanar with the stator comb actuator.

7. The device according to claim 1, further comprising an anchor post extending upwardly from the substrate through an opening in the platform along the first axis;
wherein the first hinge includes first and second torsional beams extending between the platform and the anchor post.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the platform is wider than the first hinge, whereby a plurality of platforms can be closely packed together.

9. The device according to claim 7, further comprising:
an internal frame structure surrounding the anchor post and the first hinge;
a second hinge including third and fourth torsional beams extending from opposite ends of the internal frame structure to opposite sides of the platform, respectively, defining a second axis; and
an electrode actuator for rotating the platform about the second axis;
whereby the platform rotates relative to the internal frame structure about the second axis when the electrode actuator is actuated.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the electrode actuator comprises an electrostatic electrode mounted on the substrate for attracting a section of an underside of the platform.

11. A method of fabricating a micro-mirror device including a platform pivotable about a first hinge by a vertical comb drive including first and second stator combs fixed relative to a substrate and first and second rotor combs extending at an acute angle to the substrate from prestressed first and second cantilevered sections, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a double silicon on insulator structure including first and second structural layers, and first and second insulator layers;
b) etching the first and second insulator layers, and the second structural layer to form the first and second cantilevered sections on the first structural layer, the second insulator layer forming a prestressed layer for each of the first and second cantilevered sections;
c) mounting the first structural layer on first, second and third supports extending from the substrate;
d) etching the first structural layer to form the first hinge extending from the first support, the first and second rotor combs extending from the first and second cantilevered sections, respectively, the first and second stator combs extending from the second and third supports, and the platform; and
e) etching the first structural layer above the first and second cantilevered sections, thereby releasing the first and second cantilevered sections enabling the first and second cantilevered sections to bend at the acute angle relative to the substrate due to the prestressed layers.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein forming the platform in step d) includes etching an internal frame structure pivotable about a first axis via the first hinge, and etching an external deck pivotable with the internal frame structure about the first axis.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein forming the internal frame structure in step d) includes etching first and second skeletal frames extending from the first and second cantilevered sections, respectively, around the first and second rotor combs, respectively;
whereby bending of the cantilevered sections results in the first and second skeletal frames to bend therewith, thereby lifting the external deck relative to the internal frame structure.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein forming the internal frame structure in step d) includes etching first and second skeletal frames extending therefrom, around the first and second rotor combs, respectively, separate from the cantilevered sections, whereby bending of the cantilevered sections results in the first and second rotor combs to bend therewith separate from the first and second skeletal frames, thereby lifting the first and second rotor combs at an acute angle relative to the internal frame structure and the first and second skeletal frames.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein step d) also includes etching a second hinge in the first structural layer including first and second torsional beams extending from opposite ends of the internal frame structure to opposite sides of the external deck, respectively; and providing an electrode actuator for rotating the external deck about the second hinge; whereby the external deck rotates relative to the internal frame structure about a the second axis when the electrode actuator is actuated.

16. A method of fabricating a micro-mirror device including a platform pivotable about a first hinge by a vertical comb drive including first and second stator combs fixed relative to a substrate and first and second rotor combs extending at an acute angle to the substrate from first and second prestressed cantilevered sections, respectively, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a silicon on insulator structure including a first structural layer, and first and second insulator layers;
b) etching the first insulator layer to define a prestressed layer for each of the first and second cantilevered sections on the first structural layer;
c) mounting the first structural layer on first, second and third supports extending from the substrate;
d) etching the first structural layer to form the first hinge extending from the first support, the first and second rotor combs extending from the first and second cantilevered sections, respectively, the first and second stator combs extending from the second and third supports, and the platform; and
e) etching the first structural layer above the first and second cantilevered sections, thereby releasing the first and second cantilevered sections enabling them to bend at the acute angle due to the prestressed layers.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein forming the platform in step d) includes etching an internal frame structure pivotable about a first axis via the first hinge, and an external deck pivotable with the internal frame about the first axis.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein forming the internal frame structure in step d) includes etching first and second skeletal frames extending from the first and second cantilevered sections, respectively, around the first and second rotor combs, respectively;
whereby bending of the cantilevered sections results in the first and second skeletal frames to bend therewith, thereby lifting the external deck relative to the internal frame structure.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein forming the internal frame structure in step d) includes etching first and second skeletal frames extending therefrom, around the first and second rotor combs, respectively, separate from the cantilevered sections, whereby bending of the cantilevered sections results in the first and second rotor combs to bend therewith separate from the first and second skeletal frames, thereby lifting the first and second rotor combs at an acute angle relative to the internal frame structure and the first and second skeletal frames.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein step d) also includes etching a second hinge in the first structural layer including first and second torsional beams extending from opposite ends of the internal frame structure to opposite sides of the external deck, respectively; and providing an electrode actuator for rotating the external deck about the second hinge; whereby the external deck rotates relative to the internal frame structure about a second axis when the electrode actuator is actuated.