EX-4.5





 Exhibit 4.5 

MERCER INTERNATIONAL INC., 

Issuer 

[                    
                    ] 
 Trustee

  
  

INDENTURE 
 Dated as of
[                    ] 

SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES 
  

 












 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

					
	 ARTICLE I
	  			
	 DEFINITIONS
	  	 	1	 
		
	 Section 1.1 Definitions of Terms
	  	 	1	 
		
	 ARTICLE II
	  			
	 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
	  	 	4	 
		
	 Section 2.1 Designation and Terms of Securities
	  	 	4	 
		
	 Section 2.2 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate
	  	 	5	 
		
	 Section 2.3 Denominations: Provisions for Payment
	  	 	6	 
		
	 Section 2.4 Execution and Authentications
	  	 	7	 
		
	 Section 2.5 Registration of Transfer and Exchange
	  	 	7	 
		
	 Section 2.6 Temporary Securities
	  	 	8	 
		
	 Section 2.7 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities
	  	 	8	 
		
	 Section 2.8 Cancellation
	  	 	9	 
		
	 Section 2.9 Benefits of Indenture
	  	 	9	 
		
	 Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent
	  	 	9	 
		
	 Section 2.11 Global Securities
	  	 	10	 
		
	 ARTICLE III
	  			
	 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS
	  	 	10	 
		
	 Section 3.1 Redemption
	  	 	10	 
		
	 Section 3.2 Notice of Redemption
	  	 	10	 
		
	 Section 3.3 Payment Upon Redemption
	  	 	11	 
		
	 Section 3.4 Sinking Fund
	  	 	11	 
		
	 Section 3.5 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities
	  	 	12	 
		
	 Section 3.6 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund
	  	 	12	 
		
	 ARTICLE IV
	  			
	 COVENANTS
	  	 	12	 
		
	 Section 4.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest
	  	 	12	 
		
	 Section 4.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency
	  	 	12	 
		
	 Section 4.3 Paying Agents
	  	 	13	 
		
	 Section 4.4 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee
	  	 	13	 
		
	 Section 4.5 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions
	  	 	13	 
		
	 ARTICLE V
	  			
	 SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE
	  	 	14	 
		
	 Section 5.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders
	  	 	14	 
		
	 Section 5.2 Preservation of Information; Communications with Securityholders
	  	 	14	 
		
	 Section 5.3 Reports by the Company
	  	 	14	 
		
	 Section 5.4 Reports by the Trustee
	  	 	15	 


  
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	 ARTICLE VI
	  			
	 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
	  	 	15	 
		
	 Section 6.1 Events of Default
	  	 	15	 
		
	 Section 6.2 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
	  	 	16	 
		
	 Section 6.3 Application of Moneys Collected
	  	 	17	 
		
	 Section 6.4 Limitation on Suits
	  	 	18	 
		
	 Section 6.5 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver
	  	 	18	 
		
	 Section 6.6 Control by Securityholders
	  	 	18	 
		
	 Section 6.7 Undertaking to Pay Costs
	  	 	19	 
		
	 ARTICLE VII
	  			
	 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
	  	 	19	 
		
	 Section 7.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee
	  	 	19	 
		
	 Section 7.2 Certain Rights of Trustee
	  	 	20	 
		
	 Section 7.3 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities
	  	 	20	 
		
	 Section 7.4 May Hold Securities
	  	 	21	 
		
	 Section 7.5 Moneys Held in Trust
	  	 	21	 
		
	 Section 7.6 Compensation and Reimbursement
	  	 	21	 
		
	 Section 7.7 Reliance on Officers’ Certificate
	  	 	21	 
		
	 Section 7.8 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests
	  	 	22	 
		
	 Section 7.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility
	  	 	22	 
		
	 Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
	  	 	22	 
		
	 Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
	  	 	23	 
		
	 Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
	  	 	24	 
		
	 Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company
	  	 	24	 
		
	 Section 7.14 Notice of Default
	  	 	24	 
		
	 ARTICLE VIII
	  			
	 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
	  	 	24	 
		
	 Section 8.1 Evidence of Action by Securityholders
	  	 	24	 
		
	 Section 8.2 Proof of Execution by Securityholders
	  	 	25	 
		
	 Section 8.3 Who May be Deemed Owners
	  	 	25	 
		
	 Section 8.4 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded
	  	 	25	 
		
	 Section 8.5 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders
	  	 	25	 
		
	 ARTICLE IX
	  			
	 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
	  	 	26	 
		
	 Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders
	  	 	26	 
		
	 Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders
	  	 	27	 
		
	 Section 9.3 Effect of Supplemental Indentures
	  	 	27	 
		
	 Section 9.4 Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures
	  	 	27	 
		
	 Section 9.5 Execution of Supplemental Indentures
	  	 	27	 
		
	 ARTICLE X
	  			
	 SUCCESSOR ENTITY
	  	 	28	 
		
	 Section 10.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc.
	  	 	28	 
		
	 Section 10.2 Successor Entity Substituted
	  	 	28	 
		
	 Section 10.3 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee
	  	 	28	 


  
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	 ARTICLE XI
	  			
	 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
	  	 	29	 
		
	 Section 11.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture
	  	 	29	 
		
	 Section 11.2 Discharge of Obligations
	  	 	29	 
		
	 Section 11.3 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust
	  	 	29	 
		
	 Section 11.4 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents
	  	 	29	 
		
	 Section 11.5 Repayment to Company
	  	 	30	 
		
	 ARTICLE XII
	  			
	 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
	  	 	30	 
		
	 Section 12.1 No Recourse
	  	 	30	 
		
	 ARTICLE XIII
	  			
	 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
	  	 	30	 
		
	 Section 13.1 Effect on Successors and Assigns
	  	 	30	 
		
	 Section 13.2 Actions by Successor
	  	 	30	 
		
	 Section 13.3 Surrender of Company Powers
	  	 	30	 
		
	 Section 13.4 Notices
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.5 Governing Law
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.6 Treatment of Securities as Debt
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.7 Compliance Certificates and Opinions
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.8 Payments on Business Days
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.9 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act
	  	 	31	 
		
	 Section 13.10 Counterparts
	  	 	32	 
		
	 Section 13.11 Separability
	  	 	32	 
		
	 Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates
	  	 	32	 
		
	 ARTICLE XIV
	  			
	 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES
	  	 	32	 
		
	 Section 14.1 Subordination Terms
	  	 	32	 


  
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 INDENTURE 

INDENTURE, dated as of
[                    ], between Mercer International Inc., a Washington corporation (the “Company”), and
[                    ], as trustee (the “Trustee”): 

WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for
the issuance of subordinated debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered
Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee; 
 WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions
upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and 

WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities: 
 ARTICLE I 

DEFINITIONS 

Section 1.1 Definitions of Terms. 

The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the
context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this
Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), or that are by reference in the Trust Indenture Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)
(except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Trust Indenture Act and in the Securities Act as in force at the
date of the execution of this instrument. 
 “Authenticating Agent” means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of
the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10. 
 “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or
any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. 
 “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of such Board. 
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the secretary or an
officer of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification. 

“Business Day” means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) that in the city (or in
any of the cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable as specified on the face of the form of such security, is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which the banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or
regulation to close. 
 “Certificate” means a certificate signed by the chairman of the Board of Directors, any principal
executive officer, any chief executive officer, any president, any senior vice president, any vice president, any principal financial officer or any principal accounting officer, any treasurer or any assistant treasurer, any controller or any
assistant controller, any secretary or any assistant secretary of the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.7. 

  
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 “Company” means Mercer International Inc., a corporation duly organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Washington, and, subject to the provisions of Article X, shall also include its successors and assigns. 

“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be
principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at [                    ], Attention:
[                    ]. 

“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 

“Default” means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default. 

“Defaulted Interest” means any interest on any Security that is payable but is not punctually paid or duly provided for on any
Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series. 
 “Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series for which
the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Securities and Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.1 or 2.11. 

“Event of Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.1, continued for
the period of time, if any, therein designated. 
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

“Global Security” means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed and authenticated by the Company and
delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee. 

“Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of
which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith
and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt;
provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental
Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt. 

“herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and
not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision, unless specifically stated. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as
originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof. 

“Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date
specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable. 

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by a chief executive officer, a president, a senior vice president or a vice
president and by the chief financial officer or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the controller or an assistant controller or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the
terms hereof. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof. 

  
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 “Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions
of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent
required by the provisions thereof. 
 “Outstanding”, when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the
provisions of Section 8.4, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent,
or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall
have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such
Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article III provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.7. 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company,
unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Predecessor Security” of any
particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.7
in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security. 

“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, or to
whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. 

“Securities” means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

“Securityholder”, “holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the Person or
Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 

“Security Register” means the register or registers maintained in accordance with Section 2.5(b) in which the Company registers
the Securities and the transfers of the Securities. 
 “Security Registrar” means the registrar appointed in accordance with
Section 2.5(b) for the purpose of registering the Securities and transfer of Securities. 
 “Subsidiary” means, with respect
to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its
Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such
Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner. 

“Trustee” means
[                    ], and, subject to the provisions of Article VII, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is
more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.

 “Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. 

  
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 “Voting Stock”, as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests,
participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares, interests,
participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency. 
 ARTICLE II 

ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES 

Section 2.1 Designation and Terms of Securities. 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be
issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance
of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto: 

(1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities); 

(2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, in exchange for or in lieu of, other Securities of that series); 

(3) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the
Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment; 
 (4) the rate or rates
at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any; 
 (5) the date or
dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of
holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates; 
 (6) the
right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension; 
 (7) the period or periods within which, the
price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; 

(8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption,
or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon
which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 
 (9) the form of the
Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series; 
 (10) if other than denominations of two
thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable; 

(11) any and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that
series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any
terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series; 

  
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 (12) whether the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms
and the identity of the Depositary for such series; 
 (13) whether the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of
common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be
calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period; 

(14) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.1; 
 (15) any additional or different Events of Default or
restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay
dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other
restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial
covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect
to the Securities of the series; 
 (16) if other than U.S. dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are
denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency); 
 (17) the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay
amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any, and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes; 

(18) any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and 

(19) the subordination terms of the Securities of the series. 

All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or
pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto. 
 If any of the terms of the series are established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers’ Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series. 
 Securities of any particular series may be issued at
various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such
interest may be payable and with different redemption dates. 
 Section 2.2 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate.

 The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be
substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of
identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any
law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage. 

  
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 Section 2.3 Denominations: Provisions for Payment. 

The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of two thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) or any integral
multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.1(10). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any
series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of
the Company designated and maintained for that purpose. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months. 

The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for
Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security
of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be
paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.3. 
 Any interest on any Security that is payable, but
is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record
date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below: 

(1) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of
such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted
Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 or less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and shall not be
less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than
10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such
Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date. 
 (2) The Company may make payment of
any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice
given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 

Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of
Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month
immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month immediately
preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day. 

  
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 Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered
under this Indenture upon transfer of, in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security. 

Section 2.4 Execution and Authentications. 

The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by its chief executive officer, one of its presidents, one of its senior vice
presidents or one of its vice presidents, its chief financial officer, its chief legal officer, its treasurer or one of its assistant treasurers, its controller or one of its assistant controllers, or its secretary or one of its assistant
secretaries, under its corporate seal attested by its secretary or one of its assistant secretaries. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature. 

The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or
vice president, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, or secretary or assistant secretary thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be
authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on
the Securities. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee. 

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such
signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution
and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed
by a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or any vice president, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, or its secretary or any assistant secretary,
and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. 
 In authenticating such Securities
and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating
that the form and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture. 
 The Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not
reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
 Section 2.5 Registration of Transfer and Exchange. 

(a) Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
accordance with the provisions of Section 4.2 hereof for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in
relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or
Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding. 

(b) The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred
to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times
shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”). 

  
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 Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company
designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented for
a like aggregate principal amount. 
 All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this
Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by
such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing. 
 (c) Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new
Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.6, Section 3.3(b)
and Section 9.4 not involving any transfer. 
 (d) The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the
transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the
day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions of
this Section 2.5 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof. 
 Section 2.6 Temporary
Securities. 
 Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but
with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon
the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any
or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall
deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until
further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder. 

Section 2.7 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities. 

In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next
succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and
substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity
as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the
applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted
Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 


  
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 In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be
destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to
the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such
Security and of the ownership thereof. 
 Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an
additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or
payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender. 
 Section 2.8 Cancellation. 

All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or
any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this
Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with
its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 
 Section 2.9 Benefits of
Indenture. 
 Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other
than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article XIV, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated) any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the
Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article XIV, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated). 

Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent. 

So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities
which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities
so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee
shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or
determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to
supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately. 

Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at
any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of
any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers
and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto. 

  
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 Section 2.11 Global Securities. 

(a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.1 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global
Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.4, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal
amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction
and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary
or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.” 
 (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.5,
the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.5, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved
by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary. 
 (c) If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies
the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or
regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such
Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of
such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such
series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of
the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global
Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The
Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered. 

ARTICLE III 
 REDEMPTION
OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS 
 Section 3.1 Redemption. 

The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for
such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof. 
 Section 3.2 Notice of Redemption. 

(a) In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in
accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by
mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security
Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the
notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any
other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction. 

  
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 Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the
redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency designated by the Company, upon presentation and
surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed. 

In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount
thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued. 

(b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice in
advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion
and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to two thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than two thousand U.S. dollars
($2,000), the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by its chief executive officer, president or any senior vice president or vice president, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give
notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the
Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or
extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section. 

Section 3.3 Payment Upon Redemption. 

(a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series
to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such
Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion
thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series,
together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of
business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.3). 
 (b) Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be
redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of
authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented. 
 Section 3.4 Sinking
Fund. 
 The provisions of Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a
series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 for Securities of such series. 

  
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 The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is
herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.5. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series
as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series. 
 Section 3.5 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

 The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that
have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or
any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so
credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be
reduced accordingly. 
 Section 3.6 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. 

Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 3.5 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers’ Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner
provided in Section 3.2. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.3. 

ARTICLE IV 
 COVENANTS

 Section 4.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. 

The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that
series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S.
dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a
Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days
prior to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as
such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of
two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date). 

Section 4.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency. 

So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to designate and maintain an office or agency with respect to
each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.2, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein
above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to
such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any
time the Company shall fail to designate and maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the corporate trust office of
[                    ], an affiliate of the Trustee, located in
[                    ] as its paying agent with respect to the Securities. 

  
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 Section 4.3 Paying Agents. 

(a) If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will
cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section: 

(1) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the
Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto; 

(2) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable; 
 (3) that it will,
at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and 

(4) that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture. 

(b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming
due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take
such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying
agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee)
the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act. 
 (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the
contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such
sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money. 

Section 4.4 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee. 

The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10,
a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder. 
 Section 4.5 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.

 The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case
where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article X hereof are complied with. 

  
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 ARTICLE V 

SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE 

Section 5.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders. 

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.3) a list,
in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at
any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company (however, if no regular record date is applicable with respect to a series, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee such list not later than May 16 and November 16 of each year) and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form
and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar. 

Section 5.2 Preservation of Information; Communications with Securityholders. 

(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders
of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).

 (b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. 

(c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of
Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Every Securityholder, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the
Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of Securityholders in accordance with Section 312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 312(b) of the Trust
Indenture Act. 
 Section 5.3 Reports by the Company. 

The Company covenants and agrees to provide a copy to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from time to time by rules and
regulations prescribe) that the Company may be required to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. If the Company is not required to file information, documents or
reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by such commission, such of the supplementary and
periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules
and regulations. 
 The Company further covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the Securities and Exchange Commission, in
accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by such commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be
required from time to time by such rules and regulations. 

  
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 The Company further covenants and agrees to transmit, within 30 days after the filing
thereof with the Trustee, to Securityholders, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to the
immediate two preceding paragraphs of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

Section 5.4 Reports by the Trustee. 

(a) On or before May 1 of each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

(b) The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

(c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each
securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange. 

ARTICLE VI 
 REMEDIES OF
THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT 
 Section 6.1 Events of Default. 

(a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing: 
 (1) the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the
Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of
any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose; 
 (2) the Company defaults in
the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any
sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the
payment of principal or premium, if any; 
 (3) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with
respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely
for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of
Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time
Outstanding; 
 (4) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case,
(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the
benefit of its creditors; or 
 (5) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief
against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90
days. 

  
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 (b) In each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause
(4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that
series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series
to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and
unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities. 

(c) At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have
been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that
series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured
installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and
premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount
payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on
Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.6. 

No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

(d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such
proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such
proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.

 Section 6.2 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 

(a) The Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and
payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have
become due and payable, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities
for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue
installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee
under Section 7.6. 
 (b) If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as
trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree,
and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the
Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated. 

  
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 (c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization,
readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and
shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series
allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive
any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization
is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it under Section 7.6. 
 (d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the
terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or
proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.6, be for the ratable
benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series. 
 In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion
proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or
otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this
Indenture or by law. 
 Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on
behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Securityholder in any such proceeding. 
 Section 6.3 Application of Moneys Collected. 

Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the
following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the
payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 
 FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and expenses of
collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6; 
 SECOND: To the payment of all indebtedness of the Company to
which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Article XIV; 
 THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and
unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due
and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and 
 FOURTH: To the payment of the
remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto. 

  
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 Section 6.4 Limitation on Suits. 

No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit,
action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless: (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee
written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee
such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to
institute any such action, suit or proceeding; and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request. 

Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security
to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute
suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and
covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by
availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under
this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and
the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity. 
 Section 6.5 Rights and Remedies
Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 
 (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.7, all powers and remedies given by this
Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or
otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities. 

(b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of
Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.4, every power and remedy given
by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders. 

Section 6.6 Control by Securityholders. 

The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with
Section 8.4, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided,
however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial
to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, may on behalf of
the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.1 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in
the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a
sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.1(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for
all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

  
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 Section 6.7 Undertaking to Pay Costs. 

All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed,
that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such
suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good
faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10%
in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or
after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture. 
 ARTICLE VII 

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE 

Section 7.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee. 

(a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events
of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no
implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities
of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. 

(b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: 
 (1) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred: 

(A) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express
provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or
obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 
 (B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the
Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the
requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or
not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture; 
 (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith
by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; 

(3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding (determined as provided in Section 8.4) relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any
remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and 

  
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 (4) None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend
or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability
is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it. 

Section 7.2 Certain Rights of Trustee. 

Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1: 

(a) The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 

(b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an
instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein); 

(c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 
 (d)
The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such
Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation,
upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use
the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs; 

(e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or
within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; 
 (f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any
investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by
the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.4); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the
Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the
Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the
Company upon demand; and 
 (g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either
directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. 

Section 7.3 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. 

(a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no
responsibility for the correctness of the same. 

  
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 (b) The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture
or of the Securities. 
 (c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of
the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.1, or for the use or application of any moneys
received by any paying agent other than the Trustee. 
 Section 7.4 May Hold Securities. 

The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar. 
 Section 7.5 Moneys Held in Trust.

 Subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be
held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as
it may agree with the Company to pay thereon. 
 Section 7.6 Compensation and Reimbursement. 

(a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not
be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created
and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its
employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its
officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises. 

(b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and
funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities. 

Section 7.7 Reliance on Officers’ Certificate. 

Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof. 

  
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 Section 7.8 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests. 

If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act,
the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

Section 7.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 

There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under
such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having (or, in the case of a subsidiary of a bank holding company, its bank holding company parent shall have) a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and
subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority. 
 If such corporation or other
Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other
Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. Neither the Company nor any other obligor on the Securities of any series may, nor may any Person directly or indirectly
controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company or any such obligor, serve as Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of such series. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10. 

Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

(a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice
of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the
resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee. 

(b) In case at any time any one of the following shall occur: 

(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any
Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; 
 (2) the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or 

(3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; 

then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at
least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if
any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee. 

  
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 (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series
at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company. 

(d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to
any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11. 

(e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of
such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series. 

Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 

(a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges,
execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder. 
 (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not
all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment
and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that
each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any
other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this
Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental
indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates. 

(c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be. 

(d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and
eligible under this Article. 

  
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 (e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the
Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice
within 10 days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company. 

Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. 

Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this
Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.9, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. 

Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company. 

The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in
Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein. 

Section 7.14 Notice of Default. 

If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of
the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 45 days after it occurs, unless such Default or
Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long
as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders. 

ARTICLE VIII 
 CONCERNING
THE SECURITYHOLDERS 
 Section 8.1 Evidence of Action by Securityholders. 

Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of
such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed
in writing. 
 If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be
given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of
Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed
as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later
than six months after the record date. 

  
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 Section 8.2 Proof of Execution by Securityholders. 

Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require
notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner: 

(a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.

 (b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof. 
 The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary. 

Section 8.3 Who May be Deemed Owners. 

Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security
Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership
or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.3) interest on such Security and for all other purposes;
and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. 

Section 8.4 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded. 

In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common
control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be
protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the
Trustee. 
 Section 8.5 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders. 

At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.1, of the taking of any action by the holders
of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in
the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.2, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any
such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in
place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified
in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series. 

  
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 ARTICLE IX 

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders. 

In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any
time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes: 

(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series; 

(b) to comply with Article X, including to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor
of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities contained; 
 (c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in
place of certificated Securities; 
 (d) to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the
benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default,
or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; 
 (e) to add any additional Events of Default; 

(f) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities; provided, however,
that any such addition, change or elimination not otherwise permitted under this Section 9.1 shall (i) neither (A) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the
benefit of such provision nor (B) modify the rights of the Securityholder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (ii) become effective only when there is no such Security outstanding; 

(g) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in
Section 2.1, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities; 

(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; 

(i) to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this
Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; or 
 (j) to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this
Indenture, provided that such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Securityholders of Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect. 

The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further
appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise. 
 Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without
the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.2. 

  
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 Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders. 

With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.1) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any
supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.1 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent
of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby: (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon,
or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof; (b) make the principal of (premium, if any) or interest, if any, or additional amounts (being amounts which are required by a Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution under
circumstances specified therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or governmental charges imposed on certain Securityholders of Securities and which are owing to such Securityholders of Securities), if any, on any
Security payable in any coin or currency other than that provided in such Security; or (c) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture. 

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular
form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof. 

Section 9.3 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, this Indenture shall, with
respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of
Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and
be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes. 
 Section 9.4 Securities Affected by
Supplemental Indentures. 
 Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the
execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such
series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this
Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding. 

Section 9.5 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. 

Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon
the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects
the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article
and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a
supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof. 

  
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 Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture. 

ARTICLE X 
 SUCCESSOR
ENTITY 
 Section 10.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc. 

Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive
consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an
entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and agrees
that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and
interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each
series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.1 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in
effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and
(b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that
the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other
securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.

 Section 10.2 Successor Entity Substituted. 

(a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity
by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.1 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to
and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities. 

(b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not
in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. 
 (c) Nothing contained in this Article shall
require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the
property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company). 
 Section 10.3 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to
Trustee. 
 The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of
Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article. 

  
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 ARTICLE XI 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 

Section 11.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated
and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.7 and Securities for whose payment money or
Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.5); or (b) all such Securities of
a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 7.10, that shall
survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.6 and 11.5, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series. 
 Section 11.2
Discharge of Obligations. 
 If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.1 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at
maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for
redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are
deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.6, 7.10 and 11.5 hereof that shall
survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid. 
 Thereafter, Sections 7.6 and 11.5 shall survive. 

Section 11.3 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust. 

All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.1 or 11.2 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or
Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee. 
 Section 11.4 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents. 

In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under
the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations. 

  
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 Section 11.5 Repayment to Company. 

Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of
principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any)
or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon
the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and
the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof. 

ARTICLE XII 
 IMMUNITY OF
INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 
 Section 12.1 No Recourse. 

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or
otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such
predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued
hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or
successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and
that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as
such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities. 
 ARTICLE
XIII 
 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Section 13.1 Effect on Successors and Assigns. 

All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not. All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Trustee shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 

Section 13.2 Actions by Successor. 

Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of
the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company. 

Section 13.3 Surrender of Company Powers. 

The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the
powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation. 

  
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 Section 13.4 Notices. 

Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted
to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until
another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: Mercer International Inc., Suite 1120, 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 1G8, Canada, Attention: ● (telecopy no.: (604) 684-1094).
Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in
writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 
 Section 13.5 Governing Law. 

This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes
shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY
JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT. 
 Section 13.6
Treatment of Securities as Debt. 
 It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal
income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention. 
 Section 13.7 Compliance
Certificates and Opinions. 
 (a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the
provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of
Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any
provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. 

(b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 

Section 13.8 Payments on Business Days. 

Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date. 

Section 13.9 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. 

If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control. 

  
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 Section 13.10 Counterparts. 

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but such counterparts shall together
constitute but one and the same instrument. 
 Section 13.11 Separability. 

In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such
invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein. 
 Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates.

 The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series
were outstanding, an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer,
principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all
conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If any of the officers of the
Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status. 

ARTICLE XIV 

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 

Section 14.1 Subordination Terms. 

The payment by the Company of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be
subordinated to the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such Securities. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	MERCER INTERNATIONAL INC.
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title:	 	
		 	as Issuer
	
	[                                    
    ]
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title	 	
		 	as Trustee



  
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 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* 

 

							
	 TIA Section
	  	 	  	 Indenture Section

	Section 310	  	(a)(1)	  		  	 7.9

		  	(a)(2)	  		  	 7.9

		  	(a)(3)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(a)(4)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(a)(5)	  		  	 7.9

		  	(b)	  		  	 7.8, 7.10, 7.11

	Section 311	  	(a)	  		  	 7.13

		  	(b)	  		  	 7.13

	Section 312	  	(a)	  		  	 5.1, 5.2

		  	(b)	  		  	 5.2

		  	(c)	  		  	 5.2

	Section 313	  	(a)	  		  	 5.4

		  	(b)(1)	  		  	 5.4

		  	(b)(2)	  		  	 5.4

		  	(c)	  		  	 5.4

		  	(d)	  		  	 5.4

	Section 314	  	(a)	  		  	 5.3, 13.12

		  	(b)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(c)(1)	  		  	 13.7

		  	(c)(2)	  		  	 13.7

		  	(c)(3)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(d)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(e)	  		  	 13.7

		  	(f)	  		  	 N/A**

	Section 315	  	(a)	  		  	 7.1(b)

		  	(b)	  		  	 7.14

		  	(c)	  		  	 7.1(a)

		  	(d)	  		  	 7.1(b)

		  	(e)	  		  	 6.7

	Section 316	  	(a ) (last sentence)	  		  	 8.4

		  	(a)(1)(A)	  		  	 6.6

		  	(a)(1)(B)	  		  	 6.6

		  	(a)(2)	  		  	 N/A**

		  	(b)	  		  	 6.4

		  	(c)	  		  	 N/A**

	Section 317	  	(a)(1)	  		  	 6.2(b)

		  	(a)(2)	  		  	 6.2(c)

		  	(b)	  		  	 4.3

	Section 318	  	(a)	  		  	 13.9


  

	*	 This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Indenture.




	**	 N/A means Not Applicable