# Patent

## Title
Method and apparatus for aggregating input data streams

## Abstract

A method and apparatus aggregate a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, the circuit and the first and second processors being provided on an electronic circuit substrate. The aggregation circuit includes (a) a plurality of ingress data ports, each ingress data port adapted to receive an input data stream from a corresponding first processor, each input data stream formed of ingress data packets, each ingress data packet including priority factors coded therein, (b) an aggregation module coupled to the ingress data ports, adapted to analyze and combine the plurality of input data steams into one aggregated data stream in response to the priority factors, (c) a memory coupled to the aggregation module, adapted to store analyzed data packets, and (d) an output data port coupled to the aggregation module, adapted to output the aggregated data stream to the second processor.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to network interface devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for aggregating input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Switched Ethernet technology has continued evolving beyond the initial 10 Mbps (bit per second). Gigabit Ethernet technology complying the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1000BASE-T Standard (IEEE 802.3 2002-2002) meets demands for greater speed and bandwidth of increasing network traffic. Gigabit over Copper technologies provides high performance in the Enterprise local area network (LAN) and accelerates the adoption of Gigabit Ethernet in various areas, such as server farms, cluster computing, distributed computing, bandwidth-intensive applications, and the like. Gigabit over Copper technologies can be integrated into the motherboard of a computer system, and many server makers are offering integrated Gigabit over Copper ports, which is also referred to as LAN on Motherboard.
Gigabit Ethernet works seamlessly with existing Ethernet and Fast Ethernet networks, as well as Ethernet adapters and switches. The 1 Gbps (i.e., 1000 Mbps) speeds of Gigabit Ethernet are 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet (IEEE 100BASE-T), and 100 times faster than standard Ethernet (IEEE 10BASE-T). 10Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) enables Gigabit to be migrated into an Enterprise LAN by providing the appropriate backbone connectivity. For example, 10 GbE delivers a bandwidth required to support access to Gigabit over Copper attached server farms.
Switch fabrics and packet processors in high-performance broadband switches, such as Gigabit Ethernet switches or line cards, typically run at a fraction of their rated or maximum capacity. That is, typical processing loads do not require the full capacity of the switch fabrics and packet processors. Thus, it would be desirable to provided a scheme to allow such switch fabrics or packet processors to “oversubscribe” data to achieve more efficient usage of the processing capacity, where oversubscription means that the capacity of the data feed is larger than the capacity of data processing or switching.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A method and apparatus aggregate a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, the circuit and the first and second processors being provided on an electronic circuit substrate. The aggregation circuit includes (a) a plurality of ingress data ports, each ingress data port adapted to receive an input data stream from a corresponding first processor, each input data stream formed of ingress data packets, each ingress data packet including priority factors coded therein, (b) an aggregation module coupled to the ingress data ports, adapted to analyze and combine the plurality of input data steams into one aggregated data stream in response to the priority factors, (c) a memory coupled to the aggregation module, adapted to store analyzed data packets, and (d) an output data port coupled to the aggregation module, adapted to output the aggregated data stream to the second processor.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles and implementations of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a circuit for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an example of implementation of the aggregation module of the circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a circuit for aggregating an input data stream from a first processor into an aggregated data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a circuit for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a system block diagram schematically illustrating an example in which two data streams from the switching processors are aggregated into one data stream for a packet processing processor by an aggregation circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram schematically illustrating a method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a data flow diagram schematically illustrating the method of aggregating a plurality of data streams along the receive (Rx) data path in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a data flow diagram schematically illustrating the method of aggregating a plurality of data streams along the transmit (Tx) data path in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a process flow diagram schematically illustrating a method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of a method and apparatus for aggregating input data streams. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following detailed description of the present invention is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the present invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. Reference will now be made in detail to implementations of the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The same reference indicators will be used throughout the drawings and the following detailed description to refer to the same or like parts.
In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with application- and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the components, process steps, and/or data structures may be implemented using various types of operating systems (OS), computing platforms, firmware, computer programs, computer languages, and/or general-purpose machines. The method can be implemented as a programmed process running on processing circuitry. The processing circuitry can take the form of numerous combinations of processors and operating systems, or a stand-alone device. The process can be implemented as instructions executed by such hardware, hardware alone, or any combination thereof. The software may be stored on a program storage device readable by a machine.
In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that devices of a less general purpose nature, such as hardwired devices, field programmable logic devices (FPLDs), including field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or the like, may also be used without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventive concepts disclosed herein.
In the context of the present invention, the term “network” includes local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, cable television systems, telephone systems, wireless telecommunications systems, fiber optic networks, ATM networks, frame relay networks, satellite communications systems, and the like. Such networks are well known in the art and consequently are not further described here.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a circuit 10 for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors 12 (12a, 12b) into one data stream for a second processor 14 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The circuit 10, the first processors 12, and the second processor 14 are provided on an electronic circuit substrate. For example, such an electronic circuit substrate may be a circuit board for a line card, network interface device, and the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, the circuit 10 includes a plurality of ingress data ports 16 (16a, 16b), an aggregation module 18 coupled to the plurality of ingress data ports 16, a memory 20 coupled to the aggregation module 18, and an output data port 22 coupled to the aggregation module 18. The aggregation module 18 may be implemented by a field programmable logic device (FPLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), or the like. Each of the ingress data port 16 (16a or 16b) receives an input data stream 24 (24a or 24b) from a corresponding first processor 12 (12a or 12b). Each of the input data streams 24 (24a, 24b) is formed of ingress data packets. The aggregation module 18 is adapted to analyze and combine the plurality of input data steams 24 (24a, 24b) into one aggregated data stream 26 in response to priority factors of the ingress data packets. The memory 20 is adapted to stores analyzed data packets. The memory 20 may be an external buffer memory. The aggregated data stream 26 is output from the output data port 22 to the second processor 14. Although FIG. 1 show two first processors 12, the number of the first processors and the corresponding data streams is not limited to two.
Each of the ingress data packets includes, typically in its header, certain information such as indication of the type of the packets (ordinary data packet, protocol packet, control or management packet, and the like), port information, virtual LAN (VLAN) address, and the like. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the information indicating the data packet is a certain protocol packet is used as a priority factor. In addition, port information and VLAN information may also be used as priority factors.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, each of the first processors 12 and second processors 14 includes a logical interface providing logical interconnection between a Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) and a Physical layer (PHY), such as the 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII), through which data streams are received and transmitted. For example, the first processors 12 may be Layer-2 switching processors implementing Ethernet Maida Access Controllers and supporting the GMII, and the second processor 14 may be a data packet processor processing the aggregated packet data stream in the GMII format. Typically, the first processors 12 receive a receive (Rx) signal as the input data stream from transceivers, and the data flow from the first processors 12 to the second processor 14 through the aggregation module 18 forms a receive data path in the system. On the other hand, the data flow form the second processor 14 to the first processors 12 typically forms a transmit (Tx) data path.
Accordingly, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the circuit 10 further includes an egress data input port 28 adapted to receive a data stream 30 from the second processor 14, a forwarding module 32, and a plurality of egress data output ports 34 (34a, 34b) for outputting output data streams 36 (36a, 36b) to the corresponding first processors 12. The data stream 30 from the second processor 14 is formed of egress data packets. The forwarding module 32 is coupled between the egress data input port 28 and the egress data output ports 34, and forwards an egress data packet in the data stream 30 to one of the egress data output port 34 in response to destination information associated with the egress data packet. The forwarding module 32 may be implemented using a field programmable logic device (FPLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the like.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an example of implementation of the aggregation module 18 of the circuit 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The same or corresponding elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same numeral references. In this implementation, the ingress data ports 16 include a first data port 16a for receiving a first input data stream 24a and a second data port 16b for receiving a second input data stream 24b. As shown in FIG. 2, the aggregation module 18 includes a first packet analyzer 40a, a second packet analyzer 40b, a queue module 42, a memory interface 44, and an output module 46. It should be noted that the number of the ports and the data streams is not limited to two.
The first packet analyzer 40a is coupled to the first data port 16a, and adapted to classify each of the ingress data packets in the first data stream 24a into one of predetermined priority classes based on the priority factors of the ingress data packets. Similarly, the second packet analyzer 40b is coupled to the second data port 16b, and adapted to classify each of the ingress data packets in the second data stream 24b into one of predetermined priority classes based on the priority factors. As described above, each of the ingress data packets includes, typically in the header, certain information such as indication of the type of the packets (ordinary data packet, protocol packet, control or management packet, and the like), port information, virtual LAN (VLAN) address, and the like, which can be used as priority factors. The priority class of each data packet is determined using one or more priority factors.
The queue module 42 includes a plurality of priority queues 48 and selection logic 50. Each of the priority queues 48 is provided for the corresponding priority class, and the selection logic 50 implements a queue scheme. For example, four (4) priority queue may be provided. The first and second packet analyzers 40a and 40b analyze and classify each of the ingress data packets into one of the priority classes based on the priority factors, and also generate a packet descriptor for each of the analyzed ingress data packets. The analyzed data packet is stored in the memory 20. The packet descriptor contains a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet. The packet descriptor is placed in a priority queue 48 corresponding to the priority class of the data packet. The selection logic 50 arbitrates and select a packet descriptor from among the priority queues 48 in accordance with the queue scheme. Such a queue scheme includes strict fair queuing, weighted fair queuing, and the like.
The memory interface 44 provides access to the external buffer memory 20, and may include a first write interface 52a, a second write interface 52b, and a common read interface 54. The first write interface 52a is coupled to the first packet analyzer 40a and adapted to write the analyzed data packets into the memory 20 at the memory location indicated by the corresponding packet descriptor. Similarly, the second write interface 52b is coupled to the second packet analyzer 40b, and adapted to write the analyzed data packets into the memory 20 at the memory location indicated by the corresponding packet descriptor. The common read interface 54 is coupled to the queue module 42 (the queue selection logic 50) and adapted to read a data packet from a memory location of the memory 20 indicated by the selected packet descriptor. The data packet read from the memory 20 is provided to the output module 46 which sends the data packets to the output data port 22 as the aggregated data stream. Providing separate write interfaces (and the corresponding write ports) and a common read interface (and the corresponding common read port) saves the number of input/output (I/O) pins of the circuit 10.
In the above-discussed embodiments, two or more input data streams from different processors are aggregated into one data stream. The present invention is also applicable when data from one processor (first processor) is oversubscribed by another (second processor), for example, when the first processor's uplink bandwidth (capacity) is greater than the second processor's data processing bandwidth (capacity). The circuit in accordance with the present invention can “bridge” the two processors and provides aggregation scheme for the oversubscribed data.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a circuit 11 for aggregating an input data stream from a first processor 13 into an aggregated data stream for a second processor 15, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The circuit 11, the first processor 13, and the second processor 15 are provided on an electronic circuit substrate. Similarly to the circuit 10 described above, the circuit 11 includes an ingress data port 17, an aggregation module 19, a memory 21, and an output data port 23. The ingress data port receives the input data stream 25 from the first processor 13 via a first data link having a first bandwidth. Similarly to the input data stream in the circuit 10 above, the input data stream 25 is formed of ingress data packets, and each ingress data packet includes priority factors coded therein. The aggregation module 19 is coupled to the ingress data port 17. The aggregation module 19 analyzes and selectively recombines the ingress data packets in response to the priority factors so as to generate an aggregated data stream 27 for a second data link which has a second bandwidth smaller than the first bandwidth. The memory 21 is coupled to the aggregation module 19, and is adapted to store analyzed data packets. The output data port 23 is coupled to the aggregation module 19, and outputs the aggregated data stream 27 to the second processor 15.
The implementation of the circuit 11 can be done in a similar manner as that of the circuit 10 shown in FIG. 3 or circuits described in the following embodiments. One packet analyzer may be provided for the ingress data port 17, instead of two or more packet analyzers provided for respective ingress data ports in FIG. 1 or 2, so long as the packet analyzer can handle the first bandwidth of the input data stream. Alternatively, the input data stream 25 may be divided to be handled by two or more packet analyzers. In this embodiment, the aggregation module 19 selectively recombines the stored data packet using the packet descriptors in the priority queues according to the implemented queue scheme. The above-described aggregation scheme classifying and prioritizing ingress data packets, as well as that in the following embodiments, is equally applicable to the circuit 11. The resulting output data stream is outputted within the second bandwidth (capacity) of the second data link.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a circuit 100 for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The circuit 100, the first processors, and the second processor are provided on an electronic circuit substrate. For example, such an electronic circuit substrate may be a circuit board for a line card, network interface device, and the like.
Similarly to the circuit 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2, the circuit 100 includes a plurality of ingress data ports 116 (116a, 116b), an aggregation module 118 coupled to the plurality of ingress data ports 116, a memory 120 coupled to the aggregation module 118, and an output data port 122 coupled to the aggregation module 118. Each of the ingress data ports 116 receives an input data stream 124 (124a or 124b) from a corresponding first processor (not shown). Each of the input data streams 124 (124a, 124b) is formed of ingress data packets, and each of the ingress data packets includes priority factors coded therein. The aggregation module 118 is adapted to analyze and combine the plurality of input data steams 124 (124a, 124b) into one aggregated data stream 126 in response to the priority factors. The memory 120 is adapted to stores analyzed data packets. The memory 120 may be an external buffer memory. The aggregated data stream 126 is output from the output data port 122 to the second processor (not shown). Although the number of the input data streams is not limited to two, the following description uses an example where two input data streams 124 are aggregated into one data stream 126.
As shown in FIG. 4, the ingress data ports 116 (116a, 116b), the aggregation module 118, the memory 120, and the output data port 122 are in the receive signal (Rx) path. The circuit 110 further includes, in the transmit (Tx) data path, an egress data input port 128 for receiving a data stream 130 from the second processor (not shown), a forwarding module 132, and egress data output ports 134 (134a, 134b) for outputting output data streams 136 (136a, 136b) to the corresponding first processors (not shown). The data stream 130 is formed of egress data packets. The forwarding module 132 is coupled between the egress data input port 128 and the egress data output ports 134, and adapted to forward an egress data packet in the data stream 130 to one of the egress data output ports 134 (134a or 134b) in response to destination information associated with the egress data packet. The aggregation module 118 and the forwarding module 132 may be implemented by a field programmable logic device (FPLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the like.
As described above, each of the first processors and second processors may include a logical interface providing logical interconnection between a Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) and a Physical layer (PHY), such as the 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII), through which data streams are received and transmitted. For example, the first processors may be Layer-2 switching processors implementing Ethernet Maida Access Controllers and supporting GMII, and the second processor may be a data packet processor processing the aggregated packet data stream. Typically, the first processors receive a receive signal (Rx) as the input data stream from transceivers. For example, the first processors may be a 10 GbE switching processor that supports various features used for switching and forwarding operation of data packets as well as the interface standards such as IEEE 1000BASE-T. Typically, such a 10 GbE switching processor has ten or more Gigabit ports and a 10Gigabit uplink. For example, BCM 5632 processors, available from Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, Calif., may be used as such switching processors. However, any other MAC/PHY devices supporting required features can be used in the embodiment of the present invention. The second processor is typically a proprietary packet processor implementing specific packet processing processes and switching fabrics.
As shown in FIG. 4, the aggregation module 118 includes a first packet analyzer 140a, a second packet analyzer 140b, a queue module 142, a memory interface 144 including a first memory interface 144a and a second memory interface 144b, and an output module 146. The first packet analyzer 140a is coupled to the first data port 116a, the first memory interface 144a, and the queue module 142. Similarly, the second packet analyzer 140b is coupled to the second data port 116b, the second memory interface 144b, and the queue module 142. The first and second packet analyzers 140a and 140b analyze and classify each of the ingress data packets into one of the priority classes based on the priority factors contained in the ingress data packet. The first and second packet analyzers 140a and 140b also generate a packet descriptor for each of the analyzed ingress data packets. The analyzed data packets are store in the memory 120.
As shown in FIG. 4, the external memory 120 may include a first memory unit (memory bank) 120a and a second memory unit (memory bank) 120b for the first input data stream 124a and the second input data stream 124b, respectively. In addition, the memory interface 140 may also include a first memory interface 140a for the first input data stream 124a and a second memory interface 140b for the second input data stream 124b. Each of the memory unit may include a set of quad data rate (QDR) random access memories (RAMs) as shown in FIG. 4. It should be noted that write ports for the memory units 120a and 120b may be provided separately for the first and second input data streams 124a and 124b, and a read port may be common to both the first and second input data streams 124a and 124b. 
The packet descriptor contains a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet in the memory 120. The packet descriptor is placed in the queue module 142. The queue module 142 includes a plurality of priority queues 148 and selection logic 150. Each of the priority queues 148 is provided for the corresponding priority class, and the packet descriptor is placed in the priority queue 148 corresponding to the priority class of its data packet. That is, packet descriptors of the ingress data packets for both of the first and second input data streams 124a and 124b are placed in the same priority queue 148 if they belong to the same priority class. The selection logic 150 implements a queue scheme, and arbitrates and select a packet descriptor from among the priority queues 148 in accordance with the queue scheme. Such a queue scheme includes strict fair queuing, weighted fair queuing, and the like.
The memory interface 144 provides access to the external memory 120. When the analyzed data packets are to be written into the memory 120 (memory unit 120a or 120b), the first or second packet analyzer 140a or 140b uses the corresponding memory interface 144a or 144b. When the stored data packet specified by a selected packet descriptor is to be read from the referenced memory location in the memory 120, one of the first and second interfaces is commonly used (the first interface 144a in this example) as the read interface. The data packet read from the memory 120 is provided to the output module 146 which sends the data packets to the output data port 122 as the aggregated data stream.
As shown in FIG. 4, the first packet analyzer 140a may include a first data decoder 150a coupled to the first ingress data port 116a. The first packet decoder 150a is adapted to decode each ingress data packet to extract the priority factors therefrom. Similarly, the second packet analyzer 140b may include a second data decoder 150b coupled to the second ingress data port 116b. The second packet decoder 150b is adapted to decode each ingress data packet to extract the priority factors therefrom. For example, these packet decoders are XGMII decoders suitable to decode and extract various information (typically contained in the headers) from the ingress data packet complying the specified interface format.
As described above, the priority factors include information indicating the type of the packets (ordinary data packet, protocol packet, control or management packet, and the like), destination port information, virtual LAN (VLAN) address, and the like. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the information indicating that the data packet is a certain protocol packet is used for protocol-filtering to classify certain protocols. The data packets meet the protocol filter criterion may be given the highest priority such that protocol packets are less likely to be dropped or discarded. The port information and/or VLAN information is also used as priority factors.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the priority of a data packet is assigned using per-port priority, VLAN priority, and protocol filter. For example, assume that the ingress data packets are to be classified into four priority classes. Each priority factor of an ingress data packet may be assigned with a certain number such as 3, 2, 1, or 0, indicating the priority class, with number 3 indicating the highest priority. For example, each port number may be mapped onto one of the priority numbers. If the ingress data packet has been formatted with another priority queue scheme, such an external priority number, for example, a predefined VLAN priority number, may also be mapped onto one of the (internal) priority numbers 3, 2, 1, and 0. If the ingress data packet is a protocol packet, the priority factor associated with the protocol filter may be assigned with number 3. Then, the priority numbers assigned to respective factors of the data packet are “merged” or compared each other and the highest priority number is determined as the ultimate priority number for that data packet. The data packet is classified according to the ultimate priority number. For example, if the ingress data packet is a protocol packet, it would be classified into the highest priority class even if other priority factors receives lower priority number.
Referring back to FIG. 4, the aggregation module 118 may further include a first write buffer 152a coupled between the first data decoder 150a and the first memory interface 144a, and a second write buffer 152b coupled between the second data decoder 150b and the second memory interface 144b. These write buffers 152a and 152b are typically first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers and adapted to store the analyzed data packets until they are written into the memory 120. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the aggregation module 118 may further include a flow control module 154. The flow control module 154 monitors the first write buffer 152a and the second write buffer 152b, and asserts a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in the first write buffer 152a or the second write buffer 152b exceeds a threshold. The flow control module 154 may also monitor the priority queues 148 in the queue module 142, and assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in a priority queue 148 exceeds a threshold. The flow control signal may be sent via the second processor (packet processor) to a module that controls transmit signals, and actual flow control may be done through the transmit signal path. For example, a pause control packet for the first processors is inserted in the data stream 130 such that the uplink data flow (input data streams 124) from first processors is paused.
The output module 146 may include a read buffer 156 coupled to a common read interface of the memory interface 144, and a data encoder 158 coupled to the read buffer 146. The data encoder 158 encodes the data packets into an interface format corresponding to that used by the first and second processors. For example, the data packets are encoded into the XGMII format to form an output data stream sent from the output data port 122.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the transmit signal (Tx) path, the circuit 110 includes the forwarding module 132 between the egress data input port 128 and the egress data output ports 134a and 134b. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the forwarding module 132 includes a data decoder 160, a buffer 162, first and second forwarding logic 164a and 164b, and first and second data encoders 166a and 166b. The forwarding logic 164a and 146b forwards an egress data packet of the data stream 130 to one of the data encoders 166a or 166b in response to destination information associated with the egress data packet.
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an example of a system 200 in which two data streams from the switching processors 202 are aggregated into one data stream for a packet processing processor (XPP) 204 by an aggregation circuit 206 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. For example, the system 200 may be 60 Gigabit over Copper (60 GoC) line card, and the switching processors 202 may be Broadcom's BCM5632s explained above. The aggregation circuit 206 may be one of the circuits 10, 11, or 110 as described in embodiments above. As shown in FIG. 5, the system 200 includes three sets (stacks) of aggregation data pipe lines 208 (208a, 208b, and 208c). In each of the data pipe lines 208, the aggregation circuit 206 bridges two of the switching processors 202 to one packet processing processor 204. The data coupling between the switching processors 202 and the aggregation circuit 206, and that between the aggregation circuit 206 and the packet processor 206 are supported by the XGMII. Each of the switching processors 202 receives ten (10) Gigabit data streams from Gigabit Ethernet transceivers 210, for example, BCM5464 Quad-Port Gigabit Copper Transceivers, available from Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, Calif. The data aggregation of the oversubscribed input data is performed in the lower layers (PHY/MAC), prior to actual packet processing in higher layers.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The first processors and the second processor are provided on an electronic circuit substrate. The method may be performed by the circuits 10, 11, 110, or 204 described above.
An input data stream is received from each of the first processors (300). Each input data stream is formed of ingress data packets, and each ingress data packet includes priority factors coded therein, as described above. Each of the ingress data packets are analyzed and classified into one of predetermined priority classes based on the priority factors (302). The analyzed ingress data packet is stored in a memory (304), and a packet descriptor is generated for the analyzed ingress data packet (306). The packet descriptor contains a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet stored in the memory. The packet descriptor is placed in a priority queue corresponding to the priority class of the data packet (308). The packet descriptors from each data stream of the same priority class are placed in the same priority queue for that priority class. A packet descriptor is selected from among the priority queues by arbitrating the packet descriptors in the priority queues using selection logic implementing a queue scheme (310). A data packet corresponding to the selected packet descriptor is read from the memory (312), and an aggregated data stream is generated combining the data packets read from the memory, and aggregated data stream is sent to the second processor (314).
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the method of aggregating a plurality of data streams along the receive (Rx) data path in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The input data streams (two data streams in this example) from switching processors (first processors) are received at the respective receive signal (Rx) front ends (320a and 320b), and a header of each ingress data packet is decoded to extract the priority factors. The data format may be that of the XGMII. Ingress data packets are buffered in the corresponding write buffers (322a and 322b) during the packet analysis until they are stored in the memory. The write buffers may be QDR FIFOs. The ingress data packets are evaluated and classified into different priority classes in accordance with the priority factors (324a and 324b). The packet descriptors and analyzed ingress data packets are sent to the write interfaces (326a and 326b). The packet descriptors are placed into the priority queues 328 corresponding to the priority class of its ingress data packet. For example, four (4) priority queues are provided. The analyzed ingress data packets are stored in the corresponding buffer memories (330a and 330b). The buffer memories may be external QDR RAMs. The packet descriptors in the priority queues are arbitrated by queue selection logic (332), and the selected packet descriptor is sent to the read interface (334). Since the packet descriptor includes a reference to the memory location of its data packet, the corresponding data packet is read from the memory through the read interface. The read-out data packets are buffered in a read FIFO (336), and then encoded into the specific data format (338), for example that of the XGMII. The encoded data packets are sent as an output data stream to the second processor (packet processor)
As shown in FIG. 7, write-buffering, analyzing and classifying, and storing the data packets, and generating packet descriptors are performed separately for each data stream (320a through 326a, and 330a; 320b through 326b, and 330b). However, the packet descriptors for the both data streams are stored in the common priority queues and commonly arbitrated (328, 332). The stored data packet specified by the selected packet descriptors are also read out using the common read interface, and the data packets thereafter are processed in a single data channel (334 through 338). As described above, in analyzing and evaluating the ingress data packets, protocol-filtering, per-port priority, VLAN priority, and the like may be used as priority factors.
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the method of aggregating a plurality of data streams along the transmit (Tx) data path in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. A data stream formed of egress data packets from a packet processor (second processor) is received at a transmit signal (Tx) front end (340) and decoded to extract their destination information. The decoding may include decoding a specific interface data format such as the XGMII into a single data rate (SDR). The decoded data packets are buffered in a FIFO (342), and dispatched to the destination port by forwarding logic (344). Since one data stream is divided into two output data streams for different switching processors, an Idle Packet is inserted between End of Packet (EOP) and Start of Packet (SOP) in each data stream, such that the data for the other destination is replaced with the idle data (346a and 346b). Each of the output data stream is encoded for an interface format such as the XGMII (348a and 348b).
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The first processors and the second processor are provided on an electronic circuit substrate. A field programmable logic device (FPLD) coupled between the first processors and the second processor is provided (350). An ingress data interface is provided between each of the first processors and the FPLD (352). Each ingress data interface is adapted to couple an input data stream from a corresponding first processor to the FPLD. For example, the ingress data interface may be the XGMII supported by the first processor. Each input data stream is formed of ingress data packets, and each ingress data packet includes priority factors coded therein, as described above. An output data interface is also provided between the FPLD and the second processor (354), which is adapted to couple the aggregated data stream to the second processor. For example, the output data interface may be a XGMII supported by the second processor. A memory coupled to the FPLD is also provided (356), which is adapted to store analyzed data packets. The FPLD is programmed such that the FPLD analyzes and combines the plurality of input data steams into one aggregated data stream in response to the priority factors (360). The programmed FPLD performs the aggregation function for the Rx data steam as described above in detail with respect to other embodiments. The FPLD may also programmed such that it also performs forwarding functions for the Tx data stream as described above, with providing an input data interface for receiving the Tx data from the second processor, and output interfaces for outputting output data streams to the first processors.
The numbers of ports, processors, priority queues, memory banks, and the like are by way of example and are not intended to be exhaustive or limiting in any way. While embodiments and applications of this invention have been shown and described, it would be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that many more modifications than mentioned above are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A circuit for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, said circuit comprising:
a plurality of ingress data ports, each said ingress data port coupled to a corresponding first processor and adapted to receive an input data stream from the corresponding first processor, each input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
an aggregation module coupled to said plurality of ingress data ports and configured to receive the plurality of input data streams from the first processors using the plurality of ingress data ports, wherein an input data stream from a first processor is received via the ingress data port coupled to the first processor, said aggregation module adapted to analyze and combine the plurality of input data streams into one aggregated data stream in response to the at least one priority factor and to generate a packet descriptor comprising a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet;
a memory coupled to said aggregation module, said memory adapted to store analyzed data packets;
said memory comprising a plurality of priority queues each provided for a corresponding priority class, adapted to store the packet descriptor of each of the analyzed data packets classified to the corresponding priority class, the packet descriptor containing a reference to the memory location of its analyzed data packet in said memory; and
an output data port coupled to said aggregation module, said output data port adapted to output the aggregated data stream to the second processor.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the first processors and the second processor transmits and receives a data stream through a logical interface providing logical interconnection between a Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) and a Physical layer (PHY).

3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first processors are Layer-2 switching processors.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second processor is a data packet processor.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein said memory is an external buffer memory.

6. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
an egress data input port adapted to receive a data stream from the second processor, the data stream comprising egress data packets;
a plurality of egress data output ports, each adapted to output an output data stream to a corresponding one of the first processors; and
a forwarding module coupled between said egress data input port and said egress data output port, said forwarding module adapted to forward an egress data packet in the data stream from the second processor to one of the egress data output port in response to destination information associated with said egress data packet.

7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein:
said ingress data ports comprise a first data port for receiving a first input data stream and a second data port for receiving a second input data stream; and
said aggregation module comprises:
a first packet analyzer coupled to said first data port, adapted to classify each of the ingress data packets in the first data stream into one of predetermined priority classes based on the at least one priority factor;
a second packet analyzer coupled to said second data port, adapted to classify each of the ingress data packets in the second data stream into one of predetermined priority classes based on the at least one priority factor;
a queue module having
a selection logic implementing a queue scheme, adapted to arbitrate and select a packet descriptor from among the priority queues;

a first write interface coupled to said first packet analyzer, adapted to write the analyzed data packets into said memory at the memory location indicated by the corresponding packet descriptor;
a second write interface coupled to said second packet analyzer, adapted to write the analyzed data packets into said memory at the memory location indicated by the corresponding packet descriptor;
a common read interface coupled to said queue selection logic, adapted to read a data packet corresponding to the selected packet descriptor from said memory; and
an output module to send the data packets read from said memory to said output data port as the aggregated data stream.

8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein:
said first packet analyzer comprises a first data decoder coupled to said first ingress data port, adapted to decode a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor; and
said second packet analyzer comprises a second data decoder coupled to said second ingress data port, adapted to decode a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein said output module comprises:
a read buffer coupled to said common read interface.

10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein said output module further comprising:
a data encoder coupled to said read buffer, adapted to encode the data packets into an interface format corresponding to the first interfaces before sending from the output data port.

11. The circuit of claim 7, wherein said aggregation module further comprises:
a first write buffer coupled between said first packet analyzer and said first write interface; and
a second write buffer coupled between said second packet analyzer and said second write interface.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein said aggregation module further comprises:
a flow control module adapted to assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in said first or second write buffer exceeds a threshold.

13. The circuit of claim 7, further comprising:
a flow control module adapted to assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in a corresponding priority queue in said queue module exceeds a threshold.

14. The circuit of claim 7, further comprising:
an egress data input port adapted to receive a data stream from the second processor, the data stream comprising egress data packets;
a plurality of egress data output ports, each adapted to output an output data stream to a corresponding one of the first processors;
a forwarding module coupled between said egress data input port and said egress data output ports, said forwarding module adapted to forward an egress data packet in the data stream from the second processor to one of the egress data output port in response to destination information associated with each egress data packet.

15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein said aggregation module further comprises:
a flow control module adapted to assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in said first or second write buffer exceeds a threshold, or if an amount of data stored in a corresponding priority queue in said queue module exceeds a threshold.

16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein said flow control module sends the flow control signal to said second processor, said second processor insert a pause control packet for said first processors in the data stream.

17. The circuit of claim 1:
wherein the aggregation module is implemented by a programmable device.

18. The circuit of claim 1:
wherein the at least one priority factor comprises an indication of whether the ingress packet contains protocol data or not.

19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein the at least one priority factor further comprises:
per-port priority; and
virtual LAN priority.

20. A circuit for aggregating an input data stream from a first processor into an aggregated data stream for a second processor, said circuit comprising:
a first data link adapted to receive the input data stream from the first processor, the first data link having a first bandwidth, the input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
an aggregation module coupled to the first data link and adapted to receive the input data stream from the first processor via the first data link, said aggregation module adapted to analyze and selectively recombine the ingress data packets in response to the at least one priority factor so as to generate an aggregated data;
a memory coupled to said aggregation module, said memory adapted to store analyzed data packets; and
a second data link coupled to said aggregation module, the second data link having a second bandwidth smaller than the first bandwidth, said second data link adapted to output the aggregated data stream from the aggregation module to the second processor;
wherein said aggregation module comprises:
a packet analyzer adapted to classify each of the ingress data packets into one of predetermined priority classes based on the at least one priority factor;
a queue module comprising
a plurality of priority queues each provided for the corresponding priority class, adapted to store a packet descriptor of each of the analyzed data packets classified to the corresponding priority class, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet in said memory, and
a selection logic implementing a queue scheme, adapted to arbitrate and select a packet descriptor from among the priority queues;

a read interface coupled to said queue module, adapted to read a data packet corresponding to the selected packet descriptor from said memory; and
an output module to send the data packets read from said memory to the second data link as the aggregated data stream.

21. The circuit of claim 20, wherein the first processor and the second processor comprise an interface providing logical interconnection between a Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) and a Physical layer (PHY).

22. The circuit of claim 20, wherein said memory is an external buffer memory.

23. The circuit of claim 20, further comprising:
a flow control module adapted to assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in a corresponding priority queue in said queue module exceeds a threshold.

24. The circuit of claim 20, wherein said packet analyzer comprises:
a data decoder coupled to the first data link, adapted to decode a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

25. The circuit of claim 20, wherein said output module comprises:
a read buffer coupled to said read interface.

26. The circuit of claim 25, wherein said output module further comprises:
a data encoder coupled to said read buffer, adapted to encode the data packets before sending using the second data link.

27. The circuit of claim 20, wherein said aggregation module further comprises:
a write interface coupled to said packet analyzer, adapted to write the analyzed data packets into said memory at the memory location indicated by the corresponding packet descriptor.

28. The circuit of claim 27, further comprising:
a write buffer coupled between said packet analyzer and said write interface.

29. The circuit of claim 28, further comprising:
a flow control module adapted to assert a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in said write buffer exceeds a threshold.

30. A method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, said method comprising:
receiving an input data stream from each of the first processors, each input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
analyzing and classifying each of the ingress data packets into one of predetermined priority classes based on the at least one priority factor;
storing an analyzed data packet in a memory;
generating a packet descriptor for the analyzed ingress data packet, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet stored in the memory;
placing the packet descriptor in a priority queue corresponding to the priority class of the data packet;
arbitrating and selecting a packet descriptor from among the priority queues using selection logic implementing a queue scheme;
reading a data packet corresponding to the selected packet descriptor from the memory; and
sending the data packets read from the memory to the second processor as an aggregated data stream.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein said analyzing and classifying comprises:
protocol-filtering to determine if the ingress data packet is a certain protocol packet.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one priority factor comprises:
protocol filter priority;
per-port priority; and
virtual LAN priority.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein said analyzing comprises:
decoding a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

34. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
buffering the analyzed data packet in a write buffer before storing in the memory.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
asserting a flow control signal if an amount of data stored in the write buffer exceeds a threshold.

36. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
buffering the data packet read from the memory in a read buffer.

37. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
encoding the data packets into an interface format before sending to the second processor.

38. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
asserting a flow control signal if a length of a corresponding priority queue exceeds a threshold.

39. The method of claim 30, wherein said memory is an external buffer memory.

40. The method of claim 30, wherein each of the first processors and the second processor transmits and receives a data stream through a logical interface providing logical interconnection between a Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) and a Physical layer (PHY).

41. The method of claim 30, wherein said analyzing and classifying, said generating, and said storing are performed separately for each data stream.

42. The method of claim 30, wherein, in said placing, the packet descriptors from each data stream of a same priority class are placed in the same priority queue for that priority class.

43. The method of claim 30, wherein said arbitrating and selecting, said reading, and said sending are performed as a single data channel.

44. A method for aggregating data packets, said method comprising:
receiving an input data stream from a first processor via a first data link having a first bandwidth, the input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
generating an aggregated data stream by analyzing and selectively recombining the ingress data packets in response to the at least one priority factor, the at least one priority factor comprising an indication of whether the ingress packet contains protocol data or not;
generating a packet descriptor for the analyzed ingress data packet, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet stored in a memory; and
outputting the aggregated data stream to a second processor via a second data link having a second bandwidth, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein analyzing the ingress data packets comprises decoding a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

46. The method of claim 44 further comprising:
encoding the aggregated data packets into an interface format before sending to the second processor.

47. The method of claim 44 wherein analyzing the ingress data packets is performed separately for each data stream.

48. A method for aggregating a plurality of input data streams from first processors into one data stream for a second processor, said method comprising:
providing, for each first processor, an analyzer corresponding to the first processor, the analyzer being separate from the first processor and located in a communication path between the first processor and the second processor;
receiving an input data stream from each of the first processors, each input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
generating an aggregated data stream by combining the plurality of input data streams into one aggregated data stream in response to the at least one priority factor, the at least one priority factor comprising an indication of whether the ingress packet contains protocol data or not, wherein the generating comprises, for each first processor, receiving the input data stream from the first processor at an analyzer corresponding to the first processor, and analyzing the input data stream received from the first processor using the analyzer to classify each of the ingress data packets into one of a plurality of priority classes based on the at least one priority factor;
generating a packet descriptor for the ingress data packet, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its ingress data packet stored in a memory; and
outputting the aggregated data stream to the second processor.

49. A system comprising:
an input interface having a first bandwidth and configured to receive a data stream, wherein the data stream comprises ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
a module coupled to the input and configured to receive the data stream, analyze the data stream and selectively recombine the ingress data packets in response to the at least one priority factor, the at least one priority factor comprising an indication of whether the ingress packet contains protocol data or not; and
an output interface having a second bandwidth having a second bandwidth and configured to output the recombined ingress data packets;
wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth;
wherein the module is further configured to generate a packet descriptor for the analyzed ingress data packet, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet stored in a memory.

50. The system of claim 49 wherein configured to analyze the ingress data packets further comprises configured to decode a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

51. The system of claim 49 further comprising an encoder configured to encode the recombined ingress data packets into an interface format before sending to a processor.

52. The system of claim 49 wherein each ingress data packets is analyzed separately.

53. A system for aggregating data packets, said system comprising:
a means for receiving an input data stream from a first processor via a first data link having a first bandwidth, the input data stream comprising ingress data packets, each ingress data packet comprising at least one priority factor coded therein;
means for generating an aggregated data stream by analyzing and selectively recombining the ingress data packets in response to the at least one priority factor, the at least one priority factor comprising an indication of whether the ingress packet contains protocol data or not;
means for outputting the aggregated data stream to a second processor via a second data link having a second bandwidth, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth; and
means for generating a packet descriptor for the analyzed ingress data packet, the packet descriptor containing a reference to a memory location of its analyzed data packet stored in a memory.

54. The system of claim 53 wherein analyzing the ingress data packets comprises a means for decoding a header of each ingress data packet to extract the at least one priority factor.

55. The system of claim 53 further comprising:
means for encoding the aggregated data packets into an interface format before sending to the second processor.

56. The system of claim 53 wherein analyzing the ingress data packets is performed separately for each data stream.