National 

Institute of 

Diabetes and 

Digestive and 

Kidney Diseases

CONGRESSIONAL JUSTIFICATION

FY 2024

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health
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NIDDK-1

General Notes

1. FY 2023 Enacted levels cited in this document include the effects of the FY 2023 

HIV/AIDS transfer, as shown in the Amounts Available for Obligation table, pg 28. 

2. Detail in this document may not sum to the subtotals and totals due to rounding.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

FY 2024 Budget Table of Contents

Director’s Overview.................................................................................................................... 3

IC Fact Sheet ............................................................................................................................... 7 

Major Changes in the Budget Request ........................................................................................ 9 

Budget Mechanism Table .......................................................................................................... 10

Appropriations Language .......................................................................................................... 12

Summary of Changes ................................................................................................................ 13

Budget Graphs ........................................................................................................................... 14

Organization Chart .................................................................................................................... 15

Budget Authority by Activity Table .......................................................................................... 16

Justification of Budget Request................................................................................................. 17

Appropriations History.............................................................................................................. 26

Authorizing Legislation ............................................................................................................. 27

Amounts Available for Obligation ............................................................................................ 28

Budget Authority by Object Class ............................................................................................. 29

Salaries and Expenses................................................................................................................ 30

Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTE) .................................................................. 31

Detail of Positions ..................................................................................................................... 32

Cover page images from NIDDK-supported research: (1) Reprinted from Cell, Volume 185, Issue 2, Rana N, 

Privitera G, Kondolf HC,...Pizarro TT, GSDMB is increased in IBD and regulates epithelial restitution/repair 

independent of pyroptosis, Pages 283-298.e17, Copyright 2022, with permission from Elsevier; (2) Reprinted by 

permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Genetics, Renal 

plasticity revealed through reversal of polycystic kidney disease in mice, Dong K, Zhang C, Tian X,...Somlo S, 

Copyright © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature America, Inc.; and (3) Images 

provided by Dr. Aristidis Veves, Harvard University, and Dr. Manoj Bhasin, Emory University. Originally 

published in Theocharidis G, Thomas BE, Sarkar D,...Bhasin M. Single cell transcriptomic landscape of diabetic 

foot ulcers. Nat Commun 13: 181, 2022. Reprinted under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
NIDDK-2

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NIDDK-3

Director’s Overview

The mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and 

Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is to support and conduct research to 

combat diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; liver 

and other digestive diseases; nutritional disorders; obesity; and 

kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases. Our Institute’s mission 

includes some of the most chronic, common, and costly diseases 

and conditions affecting the U.S. population, as well as other 

conditions that are less widespread but still devastating. Many of 

these diseases and conditions also place a disproportionate burden 

on ethnic and racial minority groups, underscoring the importance 

of pursuing research toward health equity. Diabetes affects an 

estimated 37.3 million people in the United States, greatly 

increasing the risk for many serious complications, such as heart 

disease and kidney failure.1 Estimates of chronic kidney disease

GRIFFIN P. RODGERS, M.D., M.A.C.P.

DIRECTOR OF NIDDK

show that about 37 million Americans are affected, and over 809,000 people were treated for 

irreversible kidney failure in the United States in 2019.2 Many urologic diseases, such as urinary 

incontinence, urinary tract infections, and benign prostatic hyperplasia, are also highly 

prevalent.3 Digestive diseases accounted for an estimated 66.4 million ambulatory care visits to 

doctor’s offices, outpatient hospital clinics, and emergency departments, as well as 16.7 million 

hospitalizations with digestive diseases as a primary or secondary diagnosis in 2019.4 Nearly 42 

percent of U.S. adults and nearly 20 percent of children and adolescents have obesity.5 It is a 

strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes; fatty liver disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 

(NASH); and many other diseases. Cystic fibrosis and other genetic diseases within NIDDK’s 

purview are less common, but still severe in their impacts. Building on emerging opportunities 

from past research investments and driven by a commitment to health equity, our Institute will 

continue its vigorous pursuit of research to combat the diseases and disorders within its mission, 

guided by the following priorities: maintain a vigorous investigator-initiated research portfolio, 

support pivotal clinical studies and trials, promote a steady and diverse pool of talented new 

investigators, foster exceptional research training and mentoring opportunities, and ensure 

knowledge dissemination through outreach and communications. 

Addressing Health Disparities and Scientific Workforce Diversity in Pursuit of Health 

Equity

Many NIDDK mission diseases place disparate burdens on racial and ethnic minority groups, 

rural populations, and people with lower incomes. As emphasized in the Institute’s recent 

Strategic Plan for Research,6 we are committed to promoting the public good by addressing 

health disparities and working to achieve health equity. For example, NIDDK sponsored a 

workshop to propel research to develop interventions focused on social networks and structures

1 www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html 2 www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/ckd-national-facts.html; adr.usrds.org/2021 3 www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Strategic-Plans/urologic/Urologic_Diseases_in_America41312.pdf 4 www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm; www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp 5 www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr158-508.pdf 6 www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/niddk-strategic-plan-for-research
NIDDK-4

to combat diabetes health disparities.7 Another important workshop on interventions addressing 

structural racism to reduce kidney health disparities informed the development of recent 

initiatives on this critical topic.8

 NIDDK also supports research to promote organ and tissue 

donation among health disparity populations, and participates in an NIH-wide effort encouraging 

equitable dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions among 

underrepresented communities.9 Results from the Institute’s health disparities research show 

associations between historic practices of redlining (denying services to residents of specific 

neighborhoods or communities) and present-day diabetes mortality, a sobering finding that 

highlights the long-term impact of structural racism on health outcomes.10 Another study on 

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children, most of whom were of Hispanic ethnicity, 

showed that some genetic variants increase risk of disease, particularly its more severe form.11

Other key insights are emerging from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Genetics 

Consortium, which expanded the scope of its genetic studies to include a more diverse array of 

ancestries.12 NIDDK has also been a leader at providing its staff with tools for advancing racial 

and ethnic equity, such as through its pioneering Race Ahead program. The program empowers 

staff to make positive changes to promote equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility at 

NIDDK and beyond. The first cohort of Race Ahead staff have already put their new knowledge 

into practice, for example by creating a conference travel/registration fellowship to support 

scientists from diverse backgrounds.13

Future research will be informed by an important new Heath Disparities/Health Equity (HD/HE) 

Research Implementation Plan under development by the HD/HE Working Group of NIDDK’s 

Advisory Council.14 It will complement the Institute’s Strategic Plan by identifying specific 

research opportunities that NIDDK could pursue to enhance its health equity research portfolio. 

Community and other stakeholder engagement is a critical part of both Plans to help ensure that 

our research benefits all populations. Such engagement has already benefitted many of our 

ongoing studies, and we recently spearheaded new initiatives on Stakeholder Engagement 

Innovation Centers for type 1 and type 2 diabetes to promote health equity.15

NIDDK also works to enhance diversity and inclusivity within its scientific workforce to ensure 

that research benefits from the best scientific minds and diverse insights. NIDDK supports 

several research training and early career development opportunities for individuals from diverse 

backgrounds. For example, we are continuing successful programs supporting educational 

activities to encourage high school students, undergraduate students, and junior faculty from 

diverse backgrounds to pursue research careers.16 NIDDK is also enhancing career development 

7 www.niddk.nih.gov/news/meetings-workshops/2022/social-component-diabetes-social-networks-structures 8 www.niddk.nih.gov/news/meetings-workshops/2022/designing-interventions-address-structural-racism-reducekidney-health-disparities; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-014.html 9 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-003.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/par-22-105.html 10 Linde S, et al. Diabetes Care 45: 1772-1778, 2022. 11 Goyal NP, et al. Hepatology doi:10.1002/hep.32570, 2022. 12 www.ibdgenetics.org/ 13 www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/meet-director/directors-update/2022-fall/news-around-niddk/#section3 14 www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/developing-inaugural-niddk-health-disparities-healthequity-research-implementation-plan 15 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-001.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-019.html 16 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-004.html; www.niddk.nih.gov/research-funding/researchprograms/diversity-programs/research-training-opportunities-students/step-up
NIDDK-5

opportunities for scientists from diverse backgrounds to help them successfully compete for 

independent research funding.17 While leading efforts to increase racial and ethnic diversity, we 

also support initiatives to attract new expertise to tackle our disease areas, including an 

innovative national program to attract physician scientists to pursue research careers.

18

Research To Address the Lifetime Burden of Chronic Diseases

NIDDK remains committed to pursuing pioneering research to address the burden of chronic 

diseases for all people across the lifespan. Our Glycemic Observation and Metabolic Outcomes 

in Mothers and Offspring study is providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve the health 

of mothers and offspring by better understanding blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy and 

predicting which women may develop gestational diabetes.19 Based on alarming data showing 

that people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed during youth have a high risk of developing 

complications at an early age, NIDDK supports urgently needed research to inform novel 

prevention and treatment approaches for this population.20 Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 

diabetes and other chronic diseases, so the Institute also supports research to prevent obesity in 

early life. For example, a recent study showed that a responsive parenting intervention that 

helped new parents prevent childhood obesity in their first-born children also had beneficial 

effects on the growth of their second-born children years later.21 Building on such progress, 

NIDDK plans to support new research to characterize early-life risk factors for pediatric 

obesity.22 We also plan to continue efforts that are providing critical insights about pediatric 

liver and kidney diseases to improve children’s short- and long-term health.23

NIDDK research is critical for tackling emerging scientific areas and public health challenges 

that may worsen the already high burden of chronic diseases. For example, new research will 

focus on the urgent public health issue of increasing rates of new-onset diabetes in adults and 

children following SARS-CoV-2 infection.24 The NASH Clinical Research Network conducts 

studies in children and adults to address increasing diagnoses of NAFLD concurrent with rising 

rates of overweight and obesity.25 The Institute also supports a consortium to address the 

significant increase in the global burden of chronic kidney diseases of uncertain or nontraditional etiologies, and research to develop interventions to reduce opioid use in people on 

hemodialysis in response to the public health crisis of chronic pain and related opioid overuse.26

NIDDK also supports research to combat HIV/AIDS and its associated comorbidities, 

coinfections, and complications relevant to NIDDK’s mission.27 In this endeavor, multi17 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-002.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-034.html 18grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-019.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22- 

006.html

19 www.gomomsstudy.org/ 20 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-002.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21- 

003.html

21 Savage JS, et al. Obesity 30: 183-190, 2022. 22 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-025.html 23 childrennetwork.org/; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-504.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfafiles/RFA-DK-22-505.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-010.html 24 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-016.html 25 jhuccs1.us/nash/ 26 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-017.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-018.html; 

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-019.html; www.HOPEHDTrial.org 27 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-022.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-023.html
NIDDK-6

disciplinary teams—composed of HIV scientists and experts on NIDDK-related areas—allow for 

more in-depth analyses than would be possible if scientists worked independently. Such teambased, interdisciplinary science is critical for tackling many NIDDK diseases that are complex 

and often require differing expertise to tease apart underlying biological mechanisms of disease. 

Investing in Foundational and Innovative Research Toward Developing Novel Prevention 

and Treatment Approaches

NIDDK investment in research to advance foundational knowledge has enhanced our 

understanding of diseases and led to dramatic improvements in prevention and treatment. For 

example, a new U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment to alleviate the 

debilitating itching associated with a pediatric liver disease was based in part on ground-breaking 

research conducted by our Childhood Liver Disease Research Network.28 Recent exciting 

clinical trial results with direct implications for patient care showed that two popular type 2 

diabetes drugs outperformed two others in a head-to-head study, and that a “bionic pancreas” 

device that automates type 1 diabetes management improved blood glucose control in children 

and adults.29 Looking ahead, NIDDK-supported research to tackle undiscovered areas of science 

can transform understanding of human disease and its management. For example, recent studies 

showed that a molecule produced during exercise may provide new therapeutic opportunities to 

capture the benefits of physical activity, and that the health benefits of dietary fiber depend on 

the fiber type, the amount, and the individual.30 Additional new insights are expected from the 

Accelerating Medicines Partnerships® Common Metabolic Diseases program, which is adding 

substantial amounts of new data to understand the genes and pathways that underlie metabolic 

diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Our new Liver Cirrhosis Network is poised to 

expand treatment options and transform clinical care for people with this potentially lifethreatening condition. New insights from our bold Kidney Precision Medicine Project are 

shedding light on different types of kidney diseases and advancing precision medicine.31

NIDDK has invested resources in recent fiscal years by supporting critical research programs to

address pressing public health needs. For example, NIDDK began soliciting applications for an 

innovative Stakeholder Engagement Innovation Center to provide research resources to educate 

investigators in partner- and community-engaged research and advance health equity in type 2 

diabetes.32 We also began a new multicenter clinical trial testing two different types of therapies 

as compared to supportive care alone for children who do not have a treatable cause for their 

liver failure.33 Additionally, the Caring for OutPatiEnts after Acute Kidney Injury (COPE-AKI) 

consortium is developing and testing interventions to improve clinical outcomes among people 

surviving an episode of acute kidney injury.34 NIDDK will continue to be guided by its recent 

Strategic Plan for Research to accelerate research progress and improve the health of people 

affected by diseases and conditions within our mission. 

28 Shneider BL, et al. Hepatol Commun 6: 1922-1933, 2022. 29 Nathan DM, et al. N Engl J Med 387: 1063-1074, 2022; Russell SJ, et al. N Engl J Med 387: 1161-1172, 2022. 30 Li VL, et al. Nature 606: 785-790, 2022; Lancaster SM, et al. Cell Host Microbe 30: 848-862.e7, 2022. 31 Patel J, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 594-601, 2022; Menon R, et al. Kidney Int 101: 1116-1125, 2022. 32 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-001.html 33 www.pedsalf.com/ 34grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-011.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-012.html
NATIONAL INSTITUTE 

OF DIABETES AND 

DIGESTIVE AND

KIDNEY DISEASES

Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D., M.A.C.P. 

Dr. Rodgers has been Director of 

NIDDK since 2007 and had served as 

Deputy Director since 2001. As a 

leading hematology investigator, he

is widely recognized for his 

contributionsto development of the 

first effective—and FDA-approved— 

therapy for sickle cell anemia.

NIDDK Efforts to Address Health Disparities and Promote Health Equity

Many of the diseases in NIDDK’s mission place disparate burdens on racial and ethnic

minority groups, rural populations, and people with lower incomes. Examples of NIDDK’s 

efforts to eliminate health disparities and advance health equity include:

A Working Group of NIDDK’s Advisory Council that is developing a Health Disparities 

and Health Equity Research Implementation Plan to identify specific research needs 

and opportunities.

Stakeholder Engagement Innovation Centers for type 1 and type 2 diabetes to 

promote engagement of communities and individuals who experience diabetesrelated health disparities.

Clinical trials that aim to improve diabetestechnology usage in individuals with type 

1 diabetes from racial and ethnic underrepresented backgrounds.

A new phase of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Genetics Consortium that is

recruiting more participants from minority populations, providing a clearer picture of 

how genetics intersect with IBD risk across all populations.

Researchers who developed a potential new way to diagnose kidney disease that 

eliminates race as a variable, an important step toward eliminating health disparities 

in estimating kidney function.

A new consortium that will test community-engaged interventions to dismantle or 

mitigate the effects of structural racism in the care and outcomes of people living 

with kidney disease.

Continued effortsto foster a diverse biomedical workforce through research training 

and career development programs. For example, Helping to Accelerate Research 

Potential (HARP) aims to provide opportunities and mentorship for current NIDDK 

grantees, especially postdoctoral scholars and junior faculty from diverse 

backgrounds.

Funding History*

FY 2024 President’s Budget 

Request (in millions): $2,303

*excludes mandatory T1D funding

FY 2022 Funding Support

www.niddk.nih.gov

Introduction to NIDDK Research

Established in 1950, NIDDK supports and conducts research on

some of the most chronic, common, and costly conditions, 

including diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases,

liver and other digestive diseases, obesity, kidney diseases, 

urologic diseases, and hematologic (blood) diseases. The

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases program; the 

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition program; the Kidney, Urologic, 

and Hematologic Diseases program; and the NIDDK Intramural 

Research Program support basic, clinical, and translational 

research across the United States. NIDDK also supports 

research training and career development, as well as outreach 

efforts to patients, healthcare providers, and the public.
Selected Current Activities

NIDDK is supporting the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network that could yield insight not only into rare forms of

diabetes, but also into the heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes.

The Human Pancreas Analysis Program is analyzing pancreata from people with and without diabetes at various stages 

of disease progression, making the data available to the research community, and providing knowledge to inform new

strategies to reverse or prevent disease.

The Physiology of the Weight Reduced State Clinical Trial Consortium is gaining insights into the causes of individual 

variability in maintenance of reduced weight over time.

The Liver Cirrhosis Network is conducting research toward transforming clinical care for liver cirrhosis by identifying 

potentially effective treatment options beyond liver transplantation.

The Hemodialysis Opioid Prescription Effort Consortium is developing interventions to reduce opioid use in people on 

hemodialysis.

NIDDK Recent Advances and 

Emerging Opportunities 

NIDDK at a Glance Selected Recent Accomplishments 

A preliminary clinical study found that the 

oral medication verapamil may help

preserve pancreatic insulin-producing beta 

cell health in people newly diagnosed with 

type 1 diabetes.

Researchers have discovered that a 

molecule produced during exercise by 

various mammals, including people, can 

reduce food consumption and obesity in 

mice.

Studies provided valuable insights into the 

gut microbiome, including how different 

types of fiber have specific effects on the 

microbiome and human health, and how the 

microbiome could keep the gut’s immune 

system in check to prevent inflammation.

A recentstudy showed that an intervention

that teaches first-time parents how to 

interact constructively with their infant can 

be an important and effective childhood 

obesity prevention strategy for secondborn siblings as well.

A study in mice showed that kidney

damage caused by autosomal dominant 

polycystic kidney disease can largely be 

reversed by activating the normal version of 

a faulty gene.

Number of 

FTE Employees:

651

4-year average,

FYs 2019-2022

2022 Research Project Grants*

Funded Principal 

Investigators: 

828

Competing 

Applications 

Awarded: 

641

NIDDK Recent Advances and

Emerging Opportunities is an 

annual compendium that 

highlights recent advances from 

NIDDK-supported studies, along 

with personal stories of people 

who have given time and effort to 

participate in NIDDK-sponsored 

clinical research.

niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategicplans-reports

*excludes mandatory T1D funding

2022 Paylines and Early Stage 

Investigators (ESIs*)

R01 Payline: 16%

ESI Payline: 25%

ESI Renewal Payline: 19%

Number of ESIs: 102

*excludes new investigators who are not ESIs

Selected Future Research Initiatives

New clinical studies will aim to understand the 

increasing rates of new-onset diabetes in adults and 

children following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Research will characterize interactions between 

different pancreatic functions, shedding new light on 

type 1 diabetes progression and potential innovative 

approaches for therapy.

Studies will focus on identifying genes and their variants 

that play a role in IBD and understanding how they 

influence disease, so potential treatments can be 

developed.

A clinical study in children with Crohn’s disease will aim 

to link pre-treatment characteristics and the ability to 

achieve complete healing after one year of anti-TNF 

therapy.

The next phase of the George M. O’Brien Kidney 

Centers will create innovation hubs to develop new and 

improved resources to advance kidney research.

Recent NIDDK Research Highlights

Type 2 diabetes medications made possible by NIDDK 

research provided cardiovascular health benefits in people 

with diabetes, and one of these drugs was also recently 

approved as a treatment for obesity.

Important findings are shedding new light on prevention 

and therapeutic strategies for diabetic foot ulcers and set 

the stage for further clinical studies.

Recent studies on inflammatory bowel disease have dug 

deeper into the genetics of the disease in diverse 

populations, offering potential pathways to better 

diagnosis and treatment.

A treatment for Alagille syndrome, a pediatric liver disease, 

was recently approved by the FDA based in a large part on

research by NIDDK’s Childhood Liver Disease Research 

Network.

Researchers found that people with kidney stones have a 

lower chance of relapse after stone removal when smaller, 

asymptomatic stones are removed during the surgery as 

well.

www.niddk.nih.gov
NIDDK-9

Major Changes in the Fiscal Year 2024 President’s Budget Request

Major changes by budget mechanism and/or budget activity detail are briefly described below. 

Note that there may be overlap between budget mechanisms and activity detail and these 

highlights will not sum to the total change for the FY 2024 President’s Budget. The FY 2024 

President’s Budget request for NIDDK, excluding mandatory funding for Type 1 Diabetes, is 

$2,303.1 million, the same as the FY 2023 Enacted level. In addition, the Budget proposes to 

reauthorize the Special Type 1 Diabetes Program through 2026, providing $250.0 million in 

2024, $260.0 million in 2025, and $270.0 million in 2026. The FY 2024 President’s Budget 

reflects the Administration’s fiscal policy goals for the Federal Government. Within that 

framework, NIDDK will pursue its highest research priorities through strategic investments and 

careful stewardship of appropriated funds. 

Research Project Grants (RPGs) (-$10.9 million; total $1,522.1 million): NIDDK will increase 

funding for non-competing RPGs by $11.3 million, including funding increasing non-competing 

awards at their full commitment level. Funding for competing RPGs is expected to decrease by 

$22.6 million, or 6.4 percent, relative to the FY 2023 Enacted level, resulting in 58 fewer grants 

compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level of 697 awards. These changes in funding are distributed 

across all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

Research Centers (+$0.4 million; total $115.1 million): NIDDK will increase funding for 

Research Centers by 0.3 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. These increases are 

distributed across all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

Other Research (+$0.7 million; total $163.5 million): NIDDK will increase funding for Other 

Research by 0.4 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. These increases are distributed 

across all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

R&D Contracts (+$2.4 million; total $103.1 million): NIDDK will increase funding for R&D 

Contracts by 2.4 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. These increases are distributed 

across all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

Intramural Research (+$6.5 million; total $244.3 million): NIDDK will increase funding for 

Intramural Research by 2.7 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. These increases 

will cover pay raises for intramural researchers and other inflationary costs, and are distributed 

across all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

Research Management and Support (+$0.9 million; total $90.5 million): NIDDK will increase 

funding for Research, Management, and Support by 1.0 percent compared to the FY 2023 

Enacted level. These increases will cover pay raises for RMS staff and other inflationary costs, 

and are distributed across all administrative support areas of basic, translational or clinical 

research.
FY 2024 President's

FY 2022 Final FY 2023 Enacted FY 2024 +/- FY 2023 Mechanism Budget

Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount

Research Projects:

Noncompeting 2,110 $1,079,109 2,102 $1,096,150 2,077 $1,107,486 -25 $11,336

Administrative Supplements (143) $15,635 (125) $13,000 (120) $13,000 -(5) $0

Competing: 

Renewal 115 $63,020 125 $71,776 121 $70,600 -4 -$1,176

New 525 $246,894 571 $281,198 517 $259,813 -54 -$21,385

Supplements 1 $137 1 $157 1 $160 0 $3

Subtotal, Competing 641 $310,052 697 $353,131 639 $330,573 -58 -$22,558

Subtotal, RPGs 2,751 $1,404,796 2,799 $1,462,281 2,716 $1,451,059 -83 -$11,222

SBIR/STTR 104 $68,305 108 $70,650 109 $71,000 1 $350

Research Project Grants 2,855 $1,473,100 2,907 $1,532,931 2,825 $1,522,059 -82 -$10,872

Research Centers

Specialized/Comprehensive 87 $109,735 91 $114,641 91 $115,000 0 $359

Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Biotechnology 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Comparative Medicine 0 $50 0 $50 0 $50 0 $0

Research Centers in Minority Institutions 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Research Centers 87 $109,785 91 $114,691 91 $115,050 0 $359

Other Research:

Research Careers 482 $86,071 496 $88,571 495 $89,000 -1 $429

Cancer Education 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Cooperative Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Minority Biomedical Research Support 0 $227 0 $532 0 $532 0 $0

Other 110 $64,957 125 $73,743 124 $74,000 -1 $257

Other Research 592 $151,256 621 $162,846 619 $163,532 -2 $686

Total Research Grants 3,534 $1,734,141 3,619 $1,810,468 3,535 $1,800,641 -84 -$9,827

Ruth L Kirschstein Training Awards: FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs

Individual Awards 285 $13,748 280 $13,748 275 $13,748 -5 $0

Institutional Awards 751 $47,895 753 $50,762 750 $50,762 -3 $0

Total Research Training 1,036 $61,643 1,033 $64,510 1,025 $64,510 -8 $0

Research & Develop. Contracts 136 $98,811 140 $100,689 141 $103,120 1 $2,431

SBIR/STTR (non-add) (3) ($885) (3) ($900) (3) ($950) (0) ($50)

Intramural Research 377 $225,327 388 $237,831 438 $244,331 50 $6,500

Res. Management & Support 308 $86,310 318 $89,600 318 $90,496 0 $896

SBIR Admin. (non-add) ($2) ($50) ($50) ($0)

Total, NIDDK 685 $2,206,231 706 $2,303,098 756 $2,303,098 50 $0

* 

All items in italics and brackets are non-add entries.

NIDDK-10

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Budget Mechanism*

(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2024 President's

FY 2022 Final2,3 FY 2023 Enacted3 FY 2024 +/- FY 2023 Mechanism Budget

Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount

Research Projects:

Noncompeting 73 $73,444 99 $110,037 180 $180,875 81 $70,838

Administrative Supplements (1) $189 (4) $5,000 (20) $20,000 (16) $15,000

Competing: 

Renewal 0 $174 0 $0 2 $2,000 2 $2,000

New 43 $30,597 36 $19,250 23 $28,200 -13 $8,950

Supplements 2 $16,769 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Subtotal, Competing 45 $47,541 36 $19,250 25 $30,200 -11 $10,950

Subtotal, RPGs 118 $121,174 135 $134,287 205 $231,075 70 $96,788

SBIR/STTR 19 $8,645 11 $5,163 18 $9,125 7 $3,962

Research Project Grants 137 $129,818 146 $139,450 223 $240,200 77 $100,750

Research Centers

Specialized/Comprehensive 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Biotechnology 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Comparative Medicine 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Research Centers in Minority Institutions 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Research Centers 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Other Research:

Research Careers 2 $3,005 0 $0 12 $7,800 12 $7,800

Cancer Education 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Cooperative Clinical Research 0 $2,000 0 $2,000 0 $2,000 0 $0

Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Minority Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Other 5 $6,627 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Other Research 7 $11,632 0 $2,000 12 $9,800 12 $7,800

Total Research Grants 144 $141,450 146 $141,450 235 $250,000 89 $108,550

Ruth L Kirschstein Training Awards: FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs

Individual Awards 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Institutional Awards 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Total Research Training 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Research & Develop. Contracts 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

SBIR/STTR (non-add) (0) ($0) (0) ($0) (0) ($0) (0) ($0)

Intramural Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

Res. Management & Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

SBIR Admin. (non-add) ($0) ($0) ($0) ($0)

Total, T1D 0 $141,450 0 $141,450 0 $250,000 0 $108,550

* All items in italics and brackets are non-add entries.

1 Figures reflect budget authority provided in each year. A portion of this budget authority will be carried over and obligated in later years.

2 Includes mandatory Type 1 Diabetes funding not obligated in FY 2022 and carried over into FY 2023.

3 FY 2022 and FY 2023 totalreflects budget authority (in thousands) of $150,000 reduced by $8,550 for Budget Control Act sequestration.

NIDDK-11

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Type 1 Diabetes

Budget Mechanism *,1

(Dollars in Thousands)
NIDDK-12

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

For carrying out section 301 and title IV of the PHS Act with respect to diabetes and digestive 

and kidney disease, [$2,300,721,000]$2,303,098,000.
FY 2024 President's Built-In Change from FY 20 3 Enacted Budget FY 2023 Enacted

Budget Budget Budget CHANGES FTEs FTEs FTEs Authority Authority Authority

A. Built-in:

1. Intramural Research:

a. Annualization of FY 2023 pay and benefits increase $97,584 $113,321 $1,502

b. FY 2024 pay and benefits increase $97,584 $113,321 $4,506

c. Paid days adjustment $97,584 $113,321 $378

d. Differences attributable to change in FTE $97,584 $113,321 $9,351

e. Payment for centrally furnished services $36,981 $37,573 $592

f. Cost of laboratory supplies, materials, other expenses, and $103,266 $93,437 $804 non-recurring costs

Subtotal $17,133

2. Research Management and Support: 

a. Annualization of FY 2023 pay and benefits increase $59,543 $63,601 $953

b. FY 2024 pay and benefits increase $59,543 $63,601 $2,860

c. Paid days adjustment $59,543 $63,601 $245

d. Differences attributable to change in FTE $59,543 $63,601 $0

e. Payment for centrally furnished services $1,440 $1,463 $23

f. Cost of laboratory supplies, materials, other expenses, and $28,617 $25,432 $247 non-recurring costs

Subtotal $4,328

Subtotal, Built-in $21,461

FY 2024 President's Program Change from FY 2023 Enacted Budget FY 2023 Enacted 

CHANGES No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount

B. Program:

1. Research Project Grants: 

a. Noncompeting 2,102 $1,109,150 2,077 $1,120,486 -25 $11,336

b. Competing 697 $353,131 639 $330,573 -58 -$22,558

c. SBIR/STTR 108 $70,650 109 $71,000 1 $350

Subtotal, RPGs 2,907 $1,532,931 2,825 $1,522,059 -82 -$10,872

2. Research Centers 91 $114,691 91 $115,050 0 $359

3. Other Research 621 $162,846 619 $163,532 -2 $686

4. Research Training 1,033 $64,510 1,025 $64,510 -8 $0

5. Research and development contracts 140 $100,689 141 $103,120 1 $2,431

Subtotal, Extramural $1,975,667 $1,968,271 -$7,396

6. Intramural Research 388 $237,831 438 $244,331 50 -$10,633

7. Research Management and Support 318 $89,600 318 $90,496 0 -$3,432

8. Construction $0 $0 $0

9. Buildings and Facilities $0 $0 $0

Subtotal, Program 706 $2,303,098 756 $2,303,098 50 -$21,461

Total built-in and program changes $0

NIDDK-13

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Summary of Changes

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2023 Enacted $2,303,098

FY 2024 President's Budget $2,303,098

Net change $0
NIDDK-14

FTEs by Fiscal Year

800 756

700 632 666 685 706

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Funding Levels by Fiscal Year

(Dollars in Millions)

$2,500 2,303.1 2,303.1

2,115.1 2,125.5 2,206.2

$2,000

$1,500

$1,000

$500

$0

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

FY 2024 Estimated Percent Change from FY 2023 Mechanism

Research Project Grants -0.71%

Research Centers

Other Research

0.31%

0.42%

Research Training

R&D Contracts

0.00%

2.41%

Intramural Research 2.73%

RMS 1.00%

-1.00% -0.50% 0.00% 0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00% 2.50% 3.00%

History of Budget Authority and FTEs:

Distribution by Mechanism:

Change by Selected Mechanisms:
Division of Extramural Activities

Karl F. Malik, Ph.D.

Director

Division of Intramural Research

Michael W. Krause, Ph.D. 

Scientific Director

Division of Kidney, Urologic and

Hematologic Diseases

Robert A. Star, M.D.

Director

Division of Digestive Diseases

and Nutrition

Stephen P. James, M.D.

Director

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology

and Metabolic Diseases

William T. Cefalu , M.D.

Director

Camille Hoover, M.S.W.

Executive Officer

Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D., M.A.C.P.

Director

Gregory G. Germino, M.D.

Deputy Director

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Organization Structure

NIDDK-15
FY 2024 President's FY 2024 +/- FY 2023 FY 2022 Final FY 2023 Enacted Budget Enacted

Extramural Research FTE Amount FTE Amount FTE Amount FTE Amount

Detail

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic $683,793 $713,054 $710,385 -$2,669 Diseases

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition $681,743 $710,916 $708,254 -$2,662

Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases $529,058 $551,697 $549,632 -$2,065

1 (Type 1 Diabetes (mandatory funding)) ($141,450) ($141,450) ($250,000) ($108,550)

Subtotal, Extramural $1,894,594 $1,975,667 $1,968,271 -$7,396

Intramural Research 377 $225,327 388 $237,831 438 $244,331 50 $6,500

Research Management & Support 308 $86,310 318 $89,600 318 $90,496 0 $896

TOTAL 685 $2,206,231 706 $2,303,098 756 $2,303,098 50 $0

*

Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund.

1 

Type 1 Diabetes FY 2022 and FY 2023 amounts reflect budget authority (in thousands) of $150,000 reduced by $8,550 for Budget Control Act sequestration.

NIDDK-16

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Budget Authority by Activity *

(Dollars in Thousands)
NIDDK-17

Justification of Budget Request

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Authorizing Legislation: Section 301 and Title IV of the Public Health Service Act, as amended 

Budget Authority (BA):

FY 2024

FY 2023 President's FY 2024 +/- 

FY 2022 Final Enacted Budget FY 2023

BA $2,347,681,000 $2,444,548,000 $2,553,098,000 $108,550,000

Type 1 Diabetes Mandatory:35

-$141,450,000 -$141,450,000 -$250,000,000 -$108,550,000

Labor/HHS $2,206,231,000 $2,303,098,000 $2,303,098,000 $0

FTE 685 706 756 50

Program funds are allocated as follows: Competitive Grants/Cooperative Agreements; 

Contracts; Direct Federal/Intramural and Other.

Overall Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request is $2,303.1 million, excluding 

mandatory Type 1 Diabetes funding, the same as the FY 2023 Enacted level. This includes $5.0 

million targeted to sustain the FY 2023 Enacted level for pain research across the NIDDK 

portfolio, as part of an NIH-wide initiative to increase research into opioids and pain 

management. In addition, the Budget proposes to reauthorize the Special Type 1 Diabetes 

Program through 2026, providing $250.0 million in 2024, $260.0 million in 2025, and $270.0 

million in 2026.

Program Descriptions 

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases 

The objectives of this program are to enhance the understanding of diabetes and other endocrine

and metabolic disorders, and to develop and test prevention and treatment strategies. The 

program supports basic, clinical, and translational research, as well as research training, in areas 

that include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes; cystic fibrosis; obesity; energy balance; and 

endocrinology.

In FY 2024, NIDDK will continue to support foundational research that may lead to better 

ways to treat and prevent diseases associated with the endocrine system and metabolism, such 

as diabetes and obesity. Recent discoveries include the identification of a new complex of 

proteins, called Fabkin, which couples energy status with a metabolic response to regulate 

35 Type 1 Diabetes FY 2022 and FY 2023 amounts reflect budget authority of $150,000,000 reduced by $8,550,000 

for Budget Control Act sequestration.
NIDDK-18

pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells.36 This 

important discovery of Fabkin has revealed a 

promising new therapeutic target to combat 

metabolic diseases, including type 1 and type 2 

diabetes. In other research, scientists identified short 

genetic sequences on microRNAs (miRNAs) that 

help determine which miRNAs are retained by the 

cell that produced them and which are released to 

affect other cells.37 This knowledge could inform 

the development of therapies for diseases associated 

with miRNA dysfunction, such as type 2 diabetes 

and obesity. Another study found that groups of 

genetic variations that increase the risk of type 2 

diabetes may also influence the risk of developing 

associated metabolic conditions—knowledge that 

could help advance personalized care.38

With FY 2024 resources, NIDDK will continue 

major clinical and translational research studies in 

diabetes, endocrinology, and metabolic diseases. In 

a study based on over 30 years of following 

participants in NIDDK’s landmark Diabetes Control 

and Complications Trial and its follow up, the 

Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and 

Complications study, researchers showed for the 

first time, that risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is 

decreased by controlling blood glucose levels early 

and intensively in individuals with type 1 diabetes.39

In another study, researchers used cutting-edge 

technologies to perform a large-scale single-cell 

analysis and identified a subset of cells that promote 

successful DFU healing.40 Together, these findings 

are providing crucial new knowledge about DFU—a 

devastating complication of diabetes with limited 

treatment options—and set the stage for further 

clinical study in NIDDK’s Diabetic Foot 

Consortium.41 In other exciting research, a small 

clinical trial in people with newly diagnosed type 1 

diabetes showed that addition of the oral drug 

verapamil to a standard insulin regimen delayed type 

36 Prentice KJ, et al. Nature 600: 720-726, 2022. 37 Garcia-Martin R, et al. Nature 601: 446-451, 2022. 38 DiCorpo D, et al. Diabetes Care 45: 674-683, 2022. 39 Boyko EJ, et al. Diabetes Care 45: 357-364, 2022. 40 Theocharidis G, et al. Nat Commun 13: 181, 2022. 41 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-509.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21- 

505.html

Human Pancreas Analysis Program

In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system 

launches a misguided attack on the insulin-producing 

cells of the pancreas, destroying them and leading to a 

rise in blood glucose levels. Approaches to prevent or 

modify disease development are urgently needed.

Progress in this area could be greatly facilitated by a 

deeper understanding of the physical and functional 

organization of the human pancreatic environment and 

the interactions between the pancreas and the

immune system at the cellular and molecular level. To 

fill this knowledge gap, in 2016, NIDDK established the 

Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP), a dataanalysis component of the Human Islet Research 

Network. HPAP’s initial aims were to procure 

pancreata from people with and without type 1

diabetes for extensive cellular analyses and to 

generate integrated molecular signatures of the human 

pancreas at various stages of disease progression.

Another goal was to accumulate, analyze, and 

distribute high-value datasets to the research 

community through a searchable database called 

PANC-DB. The latest version of PANC-DB was 

released in May 2022, providing researchers with the 

ability to perform interactive analyses and comparative 

studies of diverse datasets, and serving as a model for 

open access data sharing. Based on HPAP’s

success, in 2018, NIDDK expanded the Program to 

include the study of pancreata recovered from donors 

with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders to 

understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for 

pancreatic cell dysfunction. Both HPAP teams collect 

tissues from diverse donor populations to explore 

differences in how these diseases manifest in and 

affect populations with different backgrounds.

Important insights are emerging from both efforts, 

including recent findings in which HPAP researchers 

used sophisticated single-cell analysis technologies to 

gain new knowledge about cellular and molecular 

underpinnings of type 1 and type 2 diabetes 

pathogenesis.1 Data produced and new insights 

gained through HPAP are helping advance the 

common goals of diabetes researchers to improve 

understanding of disease origins and progression and 

may ultimately lead to new strategies to reverse or 

prevent disease.

1Fasolino M, et al. Nat Metab 4: 284-299, 2022; Wu M, 

et al. Cell Rep 37: 109919, 2021.
NIDDK-19

1 diabetes progression, promoted function of beta cells, and lowered insulin requirements.42

Verapamil is already FDA-approved for treating high blood pressure, and thus holds promise as 

a future type 1 diabetes treatment. In another study with translational potential, researchers 

bioengineered a microgel technology that eliminates the need for immune-suppressing drugs 

after islet transplantation in animal models of type 1 diabetes, representing a promising approach 

toward improving cell-based, curative therapy in people.43

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request for this program is $710.4 million, a 

decrease of $2.7 million or -0.4 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. With FY 2024 

resources, NIDDK will continue major diabetes clinical trials. NIDDK will also continue pilot 

and feasibility studies to foster innovative strategies to address barriers for use of diabetes selfmanagement education and support; continue the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network that could 

yield insight not only into rare forms of diabetes, but also into the heterogeneity of type 2 

diabetes; continue a clinical trial consortium characterizing the physiological mechanisms 

underlying individual variability in maintenance of reduced weight over time; and support 

research on type 2 diabetes and youth.44 In FY 2024, NIDDK will continue funding for research 

centers to advance basic and clinical research relevant to diabetes and to cystic fibrosis and other 

genetic metabolic diseases. NIDDK will also continue to fund translational research and support 

health information dissemination activities to bring scientific discoveries in diabetes and obesity 

to real-world medical practice and other community settings, along with other efforts as part of 

an overall balanced research program.

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition

The objectives of this program are to enhance understanding of liver and other digestive 

diseases, nutrition, and obesity, and to develop and test strategies for disease prevention and 

treatment. This program supports basic, clinical, and translational research, as well as research 

training; fundamental studies of the digestive system; disease-targeted research involving the 

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anorectum, liver and biliary system, and 

pancreas; studies relevant to nutrition; and research on obesity. 

In FY 2024, NIDDK will continue to support research aimed at combating diseases associated 

with the digestive system. For example, researchers revealed an unexpected function for a 

protein called gasdermin B in the proliferation (increase in number) and locomotion of intestinal 

cells, pointing to its possible role in promoting intestinal healing in people with IBD and 

illuminating potential new avenues for treatment.45 Researchers also discovered that messages 

exchanged through a network of immune and esophageal cells may be important in determining 

whether people with eosinophilic esophagitis—a chronic disorder of the digestive system—go on 

to develop a more severe form of the disease.46 This knowledge can advance personalized care.

42 Xu G, et al. Nat Commun 13: 1159, 2022. 43 Lei J, et al. Sci Adv 8: eabm9881, 2022. 44 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-032.html; https://www.atypicaldiabetesnetwork.org/;

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-19-017.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-19-018.html; 

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-002.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-003.html 45 Rana N, et al. Cell 185: 283-298, 2022. 46 Shoda T, et al. Gastroenterology 162: 439-453, 2022.
NIDDK-20

In other recent studies, scientists gained 

important biological insights into what sets a 

form of diarrhea with high intestinal bile 

acid levels apart from other less severe 

forms of chronic diarrhea, and identified a 

set of cells in the mouse that sense the 

properties of gut contents and regulate 

gastrointestinal motility in response.47

These discoveries may inform future 

development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Related to research on liver diseases, studies 

conducted by NIDDK’s NASH Clinical 

Research Network in children and adults 

with NAFLD have linked genetic risk 

factors and outcomes to disease stage, with 

severe, later-stage disease associated with a 

higher risk of complications and death. 

These findings add to the evidence base 

informing clinical care for this disease, 

which is increasingly common in the United 

States and around the globe.48 In research 

related to obesity, scientists found that 

bariatric surgical procedures, including 

gastric bypass surgery and sleeve 

gastrectomy, led to significantly more 

weight loss than nonsurgical care for people 

with severe obesity.49 This study provides 

important information that people with 

severe obesity and their health care 

providers can use when considering bariatric 

surgery. In research related to nutrition, 

scientists discovered how gut sensory cells

called neuropod cells discern nutritive sugars from non-caloric artificial sweeteners to guide an 

animal’s preference for sugar over sweetener.50 These findings lay the foundation for future 

research to determine how other nutritional stimuli such as fats and proteins are sensed by the gut 

and transmitted to the brain to influence food choices, and also raises the possibility that 

interventions could be developed to help people reduce sugar intake. Advances such as these 

will pave the way for improving the health of people affected by digestive diseases, nutritional 

disorders, and obesity. 

47 Camilleri M, et al. Gut doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327471, 2022. Treichel AJ, et al. Gastroenterology 162: 535– 

547.e13, 2022.

48 Sanyal AJ, et al. N Engl J Med 385: 1559-1569, 2021; Goyal NP, et al. Hepatology doi:10.1002/hep.32570, 2022. 49 Arterburn DE, et al. Ann Surg 274: e1269-e1276, 2021. 50 Buchanan KL, et al. Nat Neurosci 25: 191-200, 2022.

Liver Cirrhosis Network

Cirrhosis describes a condition in which the liver has 

been inflamed and damaged by chronic disease, 

resulting in scarring and loss of function over time. 

Many forms of chronic liver disease can cause 

cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver 

disease, disease from excessive alcohol consumption, 

autoimmune liver diseases, and genetic types of 

disease. Cirrhosis places people at increased risk of 

developing complications, including liver cancer.

Some racial and ethnic groups are disproportionately 

burdened by cirrhosis and its complications. Scientists 

are seeking to develop treatments to repair existing 

liver damage and restore liver function, ideally before 

the liver is irreparably damaged and a transplant is 

required. To address this critical area, in 2021, NIDDK 

established a Liver Cirrhosis Network to conduct 

clinical and translational research toward expanding 

treatment options and transforming clinical care for this 

potentially life-threatening condition. Network

scientists are working in collaboration with a diverse 

population of adult study participants, some of whom 

have been underrepresented in past studies despite 

being at higher risk for cirrhosis. Plans for future 

research include an observational study that will

collect a vast constellation of data in study

participants, including clinical, behavioral, genetic, 

metabolic, microbiome, biomarker, and social 

determinants of health data, as well as information on 

risk factors in racial/ethnic groups that experience a 

disproportionate burden of cirrhosis. This information 

will be applied toward understanding what drives the 

progression of cirrhosis from multiple causes, which 

can point to possible treatment approaches. The 

Network also plans to study whether statins, which are 

drugs commonly taken for high cholesterol, can protect 

against cirrhosis progression. The goal of the 

Network’s studies is to usher in a new era of cirrhosis 

management, with a wider array of effective treatment 

options beyond liver transplantation.
NIDDK-21

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request for this program is $708.3 million, a 

decrease of $2.7 million or -0.4 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. In FY 2024, 

NIDDK will continue major clinical research networks to help understand and treat liver 

diseases, including the Drug-induced Liver Injury Network to collect and analyze cases of severe 

liver injury caused by prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and alternative medicines, such 

as herbal products and supplements. The Institute will also continue supporting the Consortium 

for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer to conduct key studies on 

chronic pancreatitis and factors that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in children and adults 

with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatogenic diabetes, and newly diagnosed diabetes.51 NIDDK will 

also use FY 2024 funds to continue the IBD Genetics Consortium to shed light on the underlying 

causes of IBD and enhance our ability to detect and treat this disease.52 Research on intestinal 

stem cells and the lymphatic system in digestive health and disease, which can benefit a variety 

of digestive diseases, will continue in FY 2024, along with other efforts, such as support for 

centers focused on digestive diseases research, as part of an overall balanced research program.

Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases

The objectives of this program are to increase the understanding of diseases and disorders of the 

kidneys, urinary tract, and blood (hematologic), and to develop and test prevention and treatment 

strategies. Basic, clinical, and translational research, as well as research training, are supported 

in the areas of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease 

(ESRD or kidney failure), polycystic kidney disease, and many other kidney diseases; urinary 

incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, stones, 

impotence, congenital urologic disorders, and urinary tract infections; and disorders of the blood 

and blood-forming organs, including sickle cell disease, Cooley’s anemia, hemochromatosis, and 

the anemia of inflammation and chronic disease.

In FY 2024, NIDDK will continue to support foundational research focused on kidney, urologic, 

and hematologic diseases. For example, a recent study showed that one type of white blood cell 

may have an important role in accelerating kidney fibrosis in CKD, while another study linked a 

different white blood cell type to accelerated cyst growth in a mouse model of cystic kidney 

disease.53 These novel insights about progression of different forms of kidney diseases could 

inform ways to protect against disease onset and progression. Other recent research showed that, 

in early stages of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in mice, kidney damage can be reversed by 

reactivating an inactive gene.54 Although kidney damage was once considered almost invariably 

permanent, this exciting study demonstrates that gene therapy approaches may one day be able 

not just to slow disease progression in people with PKD, but potentially to reverse it. Future 

research could also build on key results in which scientists developed a potential new way to 

diagnose kidney disease that eliminates the use of race as a variable, representing an important, 

evidence-based step toward eliminating health disparities in estimating kidney function.55

51 www.dmscro.org/cpdpc 52 www.ibdgenetics.org/ 53 Doke T, et al. Nat Immunol 23: 947-959, 2022; Song CJ, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 33: 747-768, 2022. 54 Dong K, et al. Nat Genet 53: 1649-1663, 2021. 55 Hsu C-Y, et al. N Engl J Med 385: 1750-1760, 2021; Inker LA, et al. N Engl J Med 385: 1737-1749, 2021.
NIDDK-22

In other research that can positively 

influence patient care, a small study found 

that people with symptomatic kidney stones 

have a lower chance of future relapse after 

stone removal when smaller, asymptomatic 

kidney stones are also removed during the 

same surgery.56 These findings could lead 

to new recommendations for asymptomatic 

kidney stone removals that may decrease the 

need for future stone removal surgeries. In 

hematology-related research, a study in mice 

suggested that it may be possible to treat 

hemochromatosis—a disorder in which 

extra iron builds up in the body to harmful 

levels—by inhibiting a protein called 

NCOA4 that contributes to the 

overabsorption of iron. Eliminating the 

protein from intestinal cells protected the 

animals from iron overload, while still 

allowing sufficient iron absorption to meet 

their needs, suggesting that NCOA4 is a 

novel therapeutic target.57 To encourage 

future innovations in urology and 

hematology research, NIDDK supports the 

Stimulating Urology Interdisciplinary Team 

Opportunity Research (SUITOR) and 

Stimulating Hematology Investigation: New 

Endeavors (SHINE) programs.58

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s 

Budget request for this program is $549.6 

million, a decrease of $2.1 million or -0.4 

percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted 

level. In FY 2024, NIDDK plans to 

continue supporting research programs 

related to kidney diseases, such as the 

COPE-AKI program described above; the 

Chronic Kidney Diseases of UnceRtain

Etiology in Agricultural Communities (CURE) Research Consortium to address chronic kidney 

diseases of uncertain or non-traditional etiologies; and the Hemodialysis Pain Reduction Effort 

56 Sorensen MD, et al. N Engl J Med 387: 506-13, 2022. 57 Das NK, et al. Blood 139: 2547-2552, 2022. 58 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/pas-22-074.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/pas-22-096.html

Kidney Precision Medicine Project

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease 

(CKD) impose a significant public health and financial 

burden; however, only a few drug therapies are 

available for CKD, and none exist for AKI. Research 

suggests that neither CKD nor AKI are singular 

diseases; rather, there are specific subgroups that are 

driven by different biological pathways. Thus, a better 

understanding of the biological pathways that lead to 

the diversity of kidney diseases is needed to drive 

development of effective individualized treatments.

NIDDK’s Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP), 

which began in 2017, is a bold research program that 

is charting a course toward more personalized care for 

people with kidney diseases through detailed analysis 

of human kidney biopsies.1 This includes identifying 

new molecular “markers” to reveal differences among 

cells and tissues to define specific kidney structures. 

These markers will help establish a complex kidney 

atlas that can classify and locate different cell types, 

cell states, and molecules involved in the progression 

of kidney diseases and may then be linked to 

important clinical outcomes. The kidney tissue atlas 

will help scientists better understand the cellular and 

molecular diversity of kidney diseases and define 

specific disease subgroups, which can inform clinical 

decision making by people with kidney diseases and 

their doctors. Because the kidney biopsy procedure 

carries risk, ethical and participant safety 

considerations have been a primary concern. As 

such, patients have been a critical part of the research 

design process in KPMP, helping to address issues 

such as participant recruitment, ethics, biopsy safety, 

and data-sharing strategies.2 Major advances already 

emerging from KPMP include publication of a 

reference kidney atlas, providing the foundation of a 

new framework for the classification of kidney 

diseases.3 Over time, results and resources from 

KPMP are expected to improve scientists’ 

understanding of human kidney diseases and catalyze 

the development of new, personalized therapies.

1 www.kpmp.org/ 2 Tuttle KR, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 660-668, 

2021.

3 Hansen J, et al. Sci Adv 8: eabn4965, 2022.
NIDDK-23

Consortium to develop interventions to reduce opioid use in people on hemodialysis.59 NIDDK 

also plans to continue its support of research networks focused on enhancing understanding of 

glomerular diseases, urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and lower urinary tract symptoms. 

Centers focused on kidney, urologic, and hematologic research will receive continued funding in 

FY 2024, along with other efforts as part of an overall balanced research program.

Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research

Complementing efforts of the Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases program, the 

overarching goal of the Special Diabetes Program (SDP) is to foster a deeper understanding of 

type 1 diabetes, toward improved treatment, prevention, and cure of the disease and its 

complications through basic, clinical, and translational research. The program has six scientific 

goals: 1) identifying genetic and environmental causes of type 1 diabetes; 2) preventing or 

reversing the disease; 3) developing cell replacement therapy; 4) improving management and 

care; 5) preventing or reducing diabetes complications; and 6) attracting new talent and applying 

new technologies to research. The proposed increase in the SDP budget for FY 2024 would 

enable NIDDK to continue ongoing research consortia and clinical trials networks toward 

meeting their long-term scientific goals, and allow NIDDK to pursue new research opportunities 

discussed at a March 2022 SDP planning meeting.60 Such opportunities include research to 

identify mechanisms that promote earlier development of heart disease in people with type 1 

diabetes compared to people without diabetes, advance the science of integrating medical and 

social care interventions to improve outcomes and health equity in individuals with type 1 

diabetes, and better understand the pathophysiologic processes leading to progressive diabetic 

kidney disease toward discovering novel targets for treatment. 

Research supported by the SDP is yielding important advances that are improving the health and 

quality of life of people with type 1 diabetes. For example, recent clinical trial results showed 

that a novel bionic pancreas device, which uses next-generation technology to deliver insulin 

automatically, improved blood glucose control in both children and adults.61 The Bionic 

Pancreas requires less user input than other closed-loop technologies, making it a promising tool 

for reducing the unrelenting burden of managing type 1 diabetes. To ensure that emerging 

management technologies benefit all people, NIDDK is supporting research to improve 

technology adoption in individuals from underrepresented backgrounds with type 1 diabetes.62

Future plans include supporting new research to characterize interactions between different 

pancreatic compartments to shed new light on type 1 diabetes progression, and to continue a new 

consortium studying people with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia to 

help tailor treatment strategies.63 NIDDK also plans to continue a program to ensure that a 

robust pipeline of talented new investigators embark on successful careers in type 1 diabetes 

research, and a career development program to attract physician scientists to type 1 diabetes

59 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-011.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-012.html; 

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-017.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-20-018.html; 

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-019.html; www.hopehdtrial.org/ 60 www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Research-Areas/DMICC_MeetingSummary_03082022_508.pdf 61 Russell SJ, et al. N Engl J Med 387: 1161-1172, 2022. 62 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-018.html 63 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-022.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21- 

020.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-036.html
NIDDK-24

research.64

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request for the Special Statutory Funding 

Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research proposes to reauthorize the program through 2026, 

providing $250.0 million in FY 2024, an increase of $108.6 million or 76.7% as compared to the

FY 2023 Enacted level, $260.0 million in FY 2025, and $270.0 million in FY 2026. 

Intramural Research

The objective of the Institute’s Intramural Research Program (IRP) is to conduct basic, 

translational, and clinical biomedical research related to diabetes and other endocrine and 

metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, including liver diseases and nutritional disorders; obesity; 

kidney diseases; and hematologic diseases. Intramural research is conducted in the Institute’s 

laboratories and clinical facilities in Bethesda, Maryland, as well as in Phoenix, Arizona, where a 

long-standing research relationship with American Indian communities in the region has led to 

important scientific advances in diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently, 

IRP researchers reported findings from a case study that identified how a misguided autoimmune 

reaction to the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor can cause PTH resistance, a condition that 

can cause serious disruptions of the body’s mineral levels.65 These results could have important 

implications for PTH resistance treatment and suggest that people with an autoimmuneassociated form of the condition may benefit from immune-suppressing therapies. Other studies 

have provided new insights into human health and disease, including processes regulating gene 

activity during maturation of neurons, as well as processes that cells use to repair breaks in DNA 

strands.66 In FY 2024, the Intramural Research Program will continue to advance research in 

these and other areas.

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request for this program is $244.3 million, an 

increase of $6.5 million or 2.7 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. 

Research Management and Support

Research Management and Support (RMS) activities provide administrative, budgetary, 

logistical, and scientific support in the review, award, and monitoring of research grants, 

research training awards, and research and development contracts. RMS functions also 

encompass strategic planning, coordination, and evaluation of the Institute’s programs; 

regulatory compliance; international coordination; and liaison with other Federal agencies, 

Congress, and the public. Through RMS activities, NIDDK continues its administrative support 

of meritorious basic, clinical, and translational research and research training efforts, and 

continues its communication of research-based health information to patients, health 

professionals, and the public.67

64 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-19-026.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21- 

019.html

65 Mandl A, et al. N Engl J Med 385: 1974-1980, 2021. 66 Chen D, et al. Nat Commun 12: 6366, 2021; Liu L, et al. Mol Cell 82: 177-189.e4, 2022. 67 www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information
NIDDK-25

Budget Policy: The FY 2024 President’s Budget request for this program is $90.5 million, an 

increase of $0.9 million or 1.0 percent compared to the FY 2023 Enacted level. 
NIDDK-26

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Appropriations History

Fiscal Year Budget Estimate

to Congress 1

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation

2015 $1,893,336,000 $1,899,681,000

2016 $1,938,133,000 $1,921,388,000 $1,975,162,000 $1,968,357,000

2017 $1,966,310,000 $1,962,093,000 $2,041,652,000 $2,020,595,000

Sequestration ($10,350,000)

2018 $1,599,534,000 $1,899,733,000 $1,935,597,000 $2,120,797,000

2019 $1,965,434,000 $2,144,333,000 $2,180,892,000 $2,179,823,000

2020 $1,896,493,000 $2,129,027,000 $2,155,327,000 $2,264,314,000

2021 $2,074,211,000 $2,132,498,000 $2,169,021,000 $2,281,975,000

2022 $2,360,748,000 $2,238,625,000 $2,217,136,000 $2,353,926,000

Sequestration ($8,550,000)

2023 $2,347,530,000 $2,283,489,000 $2,290,798,000 $2,450,721,000

Sequestration ($8,550,000)

2024 $2,553,098,000

1

Includes mandatory funding for Type 1 Diabetes
NIDDK-27
NIDDK-28

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Amounts Available for Obligation 1

(Dollars in Thousands)

Source of Funding FY 2022 Final FY 2023

Enacted

FY 2024

President's 

Budget

Appropriation $2,203,926 $2,300,721 $2,303,098

Mandatory Appropriation: (non-add)

Type 1 Diabetes ($150,000) ($150,000) ($250,000)

Type 1 Diabetes Sequestration -($8,550) -($8,550) ($0)

Subtotal, adjusted appropriation $2,203,926 $2,300,721 $2,303,098

OAR HIV/AIDS Transfers $2,305 $2,377 $0

Subtotal, adjusted budget authority $2,206,231 $2,303,098 $2,303,098

Unobligated balance lapsing -$56 $0 $0

Total obligations $2,206,175 $2,303,098 $2,303,098

1

Excludesthe following amounts (in thousands) for reimbursable activities carried out by this account: 

FY 2022 - $4,506 FY 2023 - $6,000 FY 2024 - $6,000
NIDDK-29

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NationalInstitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Budget Authority by Object Class1

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2023 Enacted FY 2024 President's

Budget FY 2024 +/- FY 2023

Total compensable workyears:

Full-time equivalent

Full-time equivalent of overtime and holiday hours

Average ES salary

Average GM/GS grade

Average GM/GS salary

Average salary, Commissioned Corps (42 U.S.C. 207)

Average salary of ungraded positions

706

1

$211

12.5

$125

$118

$132

756

1

$223

12.5

$132

$124

$139

50

0

$11

0.0

$7

$6

$7

OBJECT CLASSES FY 2023 Enacted FY 2024 President's

Budget

FY 2024 +/- FY 2023

Personnel Compensation

11.1 Full-Time Permanent

11.3 Other Than Full-Time Permanent

11.5 Other Personnel Compensation

11.7 Military Personnel

11.8 Special Personnel Services Payments

$51,615

$45,243

$4,648

$1,101

$15,008

$56,554

$52,378

$5,095

$1,161

$15,008

$4,939

$7,135

$447

$60

$0

11.9 Subtotal Personnel Compensation $117,615 $130,196 $12,581

12.1 Civilian Personnel Benefits

12.2 Military Personnel Benefits

13.0 Benefits to Former Personnel

$39,343

$169

$0

$46,548

$178

$0

$7,205

$9

$0

Subtotal Pay Costs $157,127 $176,922 $19,795

21.0 Travel & Transportation of Persons $1,011 $1,010 -$1

22.0 Transportation of Things $297 $295 -$2

23.1 Rental Payments to GSA $0 $0 $0

23.2 Rental Payments to Others $0 $0 $0

23.3 Communications, Utilities & Misc. Charges $177 $175 -$2

24.0 Printing & Reproduction $13 $13 $0

25.1 Consulting Services $52,212 $52,377 $165

25.2 Other Services $34,700 $28,343 -$6,357

25.3 Purchase of Goods and Services from Government

Accounts $160,786 $158,143 -$2,643

25.4 Operation & Maintenance of Facilities $320 $318 -$2

25.5 R&D Contracts $19,561 $20,031 $470

25.6 Medical Care $1,250 $1,300 $50

25.7 Operation & Maintenance of Equipment $5,227 $5,226 -$1

25.8 Subsistence & Support of Persons $0 $0 $0

25.0 Subtotal Other Contractual Services $274,056 $265,738 -$8,318

26.0 Supplies & Materials $13,104 $12,095 -$1,009

31.0 Equipment $4,525 $3,889 -$636

32.0 Land and Structures $1,300 $1,300 $0

33.0 Investments & Loans $0 $0 $0

41.0 Grants, Subsidies & Contributions $1,851,478 $1,841,651 -$9,827

42.0 Insurance Claims & Indemnities $0 $0 $0

43.0 Interest & Dividends $10 $10 $0

44.0 Refunds $0 $0 $0

Subtotal Non-Pay Costs $2,145,971 $2,126,176 -$19,795

Total Budget Authority by Object Class $2,303,098 $2,303,098 $0

1 Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund.
NIDDK-30

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NationalInstitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Salaries and Expenses

(Dollars in Thousands)

Object Classes FY 2023

Enacted

FY 2024

President's 

Budget

FY 2024 +/- FY 

2023

Personnel Compensation

Full-Time Permanent (11.1) $51,615 $56,554 $4,939

Other Than Full-Time Permanent (11.3) $45,243 $52,378 $7,135

Other Personnel Compensation (11.5) $4,648 $5,095 $447

Military Personnel (11.7) $1,101 $1,161 $60

Special Personnel Services Payments(11.8) $15,008 $15,008 $0

Subtotal, Personnel Compensation (11.9) $117,615 $130,196 $12,581

Civilian Personnel Benefits (12.1) $39,343 $46,548 $7,205

Military Personnel Benefits (12.2) $169 $178 $9

Benefits to Former Personnel (13.0) $0 $0 $0

Subtotal Pay Costs $157,127 $176,922 $19,795

Travel & Transportation of Persons (21.0) $1,011 $1,010 -$1

Transportation of Things (22.0) $297 $295 -$2

Rental Payments to Others (23.2) $0 $0 $0

Communications, Utilities & Misc. Charges

(23.3) $177 $175 -$2

Printing & Reproduction (24.0) $13 $13 $0

Other Contractual Services

Consultant Services(25.1) $52,112 $52,275 $163

Other Services (25.2) $34,700 $28,343 -$6,357

Purchase of Goods and Services from

Government Accounts (25.3) $93,945 $90,507 -$3,438

Operation & Maintenance of Facilities (25.4) $320 $318 -$2

Operation & Maintenance of Equipment (25.7) $5,227 $5,226 -$1

Subsistence & Support of Persons (25.8) $0 $0 $0

Subtotal Other Contractual Services $186,304 $176,669 -$9,635

Supplies & Materials (26.0) $13,104 $12,095 -$1,009

Subtotal Non-Pay Costs $200,906 $190,257 -$10,649

Total Administrative Costs $358,033 $367,179 $9,146
Office

FY 2022 Final FY 2023 Enacted FY 2024 President's Budget

Civilian Military Total Civilian Military Total Civilian Military Total

Division of Extramural Activities

Direct: 67 1 68 70 - 70 70 - 70

Total: 67 1 68 70 - 70 70 - 70

Office of the Director

Direct: 147 1 148 150 1 151 150 1 151

Total: 147 1 148 150 1 151 150 1 151

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic

Diseases

Direct: 30 - 30 32 - 32 32 - 32

Reimbursable: 3 - 3 3 - 3 3 - 3

Total: 33 - 33 35 - 35 35 - 35

Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition

Direct: 30 1 31 31 1 32 31 1 32

Total: 30 1 31 31 1 32 31 1 32

Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic

Diseases

Direct: 28 - 28 30 - 30 30 - 30

Total: 28 - 28 30 - 30 30 - 30

Division of Intramural Research Programs

Direct: 373 4 377 382 6 388 432 6 438

Total: 373 4 377 382 6 388 432 6 438

Total 678 7 685 698 8 706 748 8 756

Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund.

FISCAL YEAR Average GS Grade

2020 12.0

2021 12.0

2022 12.5

2023 12.5

2024 12.5

NIDDK-31

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTE)
NIDDK-32

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NationalInstitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Detail of Positions1

GRADE FY 2022 Final FY 2023 Enacted

FY 2024

President's Budget

Total, ES Positions

Total, ES Salary

1

$203,700

1

$211,322

1

$222,807

General Schedule

GM/GS-15 67 68 70

GM/GS-14 75 75 77

GM/GS-13 119 119 122

GS-12 73 76 85

GS-11 35 37 44

GS-10 1 2 2

GS-9 24 26 29

GS-8 10 11 15

GS-7 13 16 16

GS-6 2 3 4

GS-5 3 3 4

GS-4 2 2 2

GS-3 0 0 0

GS-2 1 1 1

GS-1 0 0 0

Subtotal 425 439 471

Commissioned Corps (42 U.S.C.

207)

Assistant Surgeon General 0 0 0

Director Grade 4 3 3

Senior Grade 3 3 3

Full Grade 1 1 1

Senior Assistant Grade 1 1 1

Assistant Grade 0 0 0

Subtotal 9 8 8

Ungraded 280 289 309

Total permanent positions 430 443 475

Total positions, end of year 715 737 789

Total full-time equivalent (FTE) 

employment, end of year 685 706 756

Average ES salary

Average GM/GS grade 

Average GM/GS salary

$203,700

12.5

$120,597

$211,322

12.5

$125,110

$222,807

12.5

$131,909

1 Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund.