National Institute

of Diabetes and 

Digestive and 

Kidney Diseases

CONGRESSIONAL JUSTIFICATION

FY 2025

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health 
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

FY 2025 Budget Table of Contents

Director’s Overview.................................................................................................................... 3

IC Fact Sheet............................................................................................................................... 9

Major Changes.......................................................................................................................... 11

Budget Mechanism Table ......................................................................................................... 12

Appropriations Language.......................................................................................................... 14

Summary of Changes................................................................................................................ 15

Budget Graphs .......................................................................................................................... 16

Organization Chart.................................................................................................................... 17

Budget Authority by Activity Table ......................................................................................... 18

Justification of Budget Request ................................................................................................ 19

Appropriations History ............................................................................................................. 28

Authorizing Legislation ............................................................................................................ 29

Amounts Available for Obligation............................................................................................ 30

Budget Authority by Object Class............................................................................................ 31

Salaries and Expenses............................................................................................................... 32

Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTE) ................................................................ 33

Detail of Positions..................................................................................................................... 34

General Notes

1. FY 2024 funding levels cited in this document are based on the Continuing Resolution in

effect at the time of budget preparation (Public Law 118-35) and do not include

HIV/AIDS transfers.

2. Detail in this document may not sum to the subtotals and totals due to rounding.

Cover page images from NIDDK-supported research, from top to bottom: 1. Reprinted from Cell Metab, Vol 34, Li

H, Dixon EE, Wu H, and Humphreys BD; Comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profiling defines shared and

unique epithelial injury responses during kidney fibrosis, 1977-1998.e9, Copyright 2022, with permission from

Elsevier; 2. Wortham M, Liu F, Harrington AR,...Sander M. Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls

adaptive insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 133(8): e165208, 2023, doi.org/10.1172/JCI165208. Reprinted under the

terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); 3. Reprinted from Cell,

Vol 186, Schneider KM, Blank N, Alvarez Y,...Thaiss CA; The enteric nervous system relays psychological stress to

intestinal inflammation, 2823-2838.e20, Copyright 2023, with permission from Elsevier.

NIDDK-1
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DIRECTOR’S OVERVIEW

The mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and

Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is to support and conduct research to

combat diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; liver

and other digestive diseases; nutritional disorders; obesity; and

kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases. Our Institute’s mission

includes some of the most chronic, common, and costly diseases

and conditions affecting the United States, as well as other

conditions that are less widespread but still devastating. Many of

these diseases and conditions place a disproportionate burden on

populations with health disparities, such as ethnic and racial

minority groups and underserved rural populations, underscoring

the importance of pursuing research toward health equity. Diabetes

affects an estimated 38.4 million people in the United States, greatly

increasing the risk for many serious complications, such as heart

disease and kidney failure.1 Estimates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) show that about 35.5

million Americans are affected.2 CKD, especially if undetected, can progress to irreversible

kidney failure requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. Many urologic diseases, such as urinary

incontinence, urinary tract infections, and benign prostatic hyperplasia, are also highly

prevalent.3 Digestive diseases, which can cause serious complications ranging from severe pain

to organ failure, account for an estimated 66.4 million ambulatory care visits (e.g., to doctor’s

offices) and 16.7 million hospitalizations.4 Nearly 42 percent of U.S. adults and nearly 20

percent of children and adolescents have obesity.5 It is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes;

fatty liver disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; and many other diseases. Cystic

fibrosis and other genetic diseases within NIDDK’s purview are less common, but still severe in

their impacts. Building on emerging opportunities from past research investments, NIDDK will

continue to support vigorous research to combat the diseases and disorders within our mission to

improve health and save lives, guided by our Strategic Plan for Research6 and the following

priorities: maintain a vigorous investigator-initiated research portfolio, support pivotal clinical

studies and trials, promote a steady and diverse pool of talented new investigators, foster

exceptional research training and mentoring opportunities, and ensure knowledge dissemination

through outreach and communications.

Addressing Health Disparities and Scientific Workforce Diversity in Pursuit of Health

Equity

NIDDK has long supported innovative research to improve the health and quality of life of all

people, including populations disproportionately burdened by our mission diseases. For

example, our Centers for Diabetes Translation Research have advanced translational research

1 cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html

2 cdc.gov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/ckd-national-facts.html; usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/2023

3 niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/urologic-diseases-in-america 4 cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm; www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp 5 cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr158-508.pdf 6 niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/niddk-strategic-plan-for-research 

GRIFFIN P. RODGERS, M.D., M.A.C.P.

DIRECTOR OF NIDDK

NIDDK-3
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

that integrates evidence-based interventions into real-world settings for diverse populations,

including contributing their expertise to recent research showing that taxes levied on sugarsweetened beverages were associated with reduced maternal and birth complications, knowledge

that could inform future policy decisions.7 Exciting clinical trial results in type 1 diabetes

showed that a novel bionic pancreas device, which automates insulin delivery in response to

blood glucose (sugar) levels, improved blood glucose control in participants from racial and

ethnic minority groups.8 Scientists also identified new genetic risk factors for inflammatory

bowel disease (IBD) in individuals from countries in East Asia, which can help us to understand

and predict the disease.9 NIDDK established a novel National Engagement Innovation Center to

promote progress and advance equity in type 2 diabetes research, and supported new research to

test interventions addressing structural racism to reduce kidney health disparities.10 NIDDK is

also forging novel partnerships with other government agencies to understand how social

determinants of health (SDoH)—the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and

age—affect health outcomes. For example, NIDDK co-sponsored a workshop with the U.S.

Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, and other NIH components to propel research on the intersection of housing

insecurity and obesity-related health disparities. Relatedly, NIDDK plans to support research

testing interventions that involve screening for and addressing adverse SDoH—such as food

insecurity—during a health care visit.11 Other major efforts are making paradigm-shifting

progress in advancing health equity in kidney transplantation.12 To improve public health and to

promote health equity, the Institute also encourages research to study differences in health status

across biological and social constructs of identity, and promotes NIDDK-relevant HIV research

in diverse populations.13

NIDDK spearheads numerous research training and career development opportunities for people

from diverse backgrounds, as we recognize that different perspectives are essential for

addressing complex research areas. Examples include successful programs supporting activities

to encourage high school students, undergraduate students, and junior faculty from diverse

backgrounds to pursue research careers.14 NIDDK also provides career development

opportunities for scientists from diverse backgrounds to help them successfully compete for

independent research funding, and participates in an NIH-wide program with similar goals.15

We also support initiatives to attract new expertise to tackle our disease areas, such as a program

for training and career development in kidney, urologic, and hematologic research, and other

novel programs.16

7 Jackson KE, et al. Am J Prev Med 65: 366-376, 2023.

8 Castellanos LE, et al. Diabetes Care 46: 1185-1190, 2023.

9 Liu Z, et al. Nat Genet 55: 796-806, 2023.

10 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-001.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-

014.html

11 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-038.html 12 https://theapollonetwork.org/; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05014256

13 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-DK-22-003.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-ai-23-

046.html

14 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-004.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-510.html

15 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-002.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-20-034.html;

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-012.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-21-271.html

16 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-23-248.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-019.html;

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-23-014.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-006.html

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Future research and workforce efforts will be informed by Pathways to Health for All, a 2023

report from the Health Disparities and Health Equity Research Working Group of the NIDDK’s

Advisory Council.17 The report makes innovative recommendations to advance research in

health equity and health disparities, and includes guiding principles for embedding equity into

research. Community engagement is a critical part of the report to help ensure that NIDDK

research benefits all populations.

Research To Address the Lifetime Burden of Chronic Diseases

In FY 2025, NIDDK will continue our commitment to advancing research that can benefit

people with chronic diseases across the lifespan and save lives. Building on past NIDDKsupported landmark research showing that type 2 diabetes is more aggressive and difficult to

treat in youth than in adults, and because rates of type 2 diabetes in youth are increasing, we

established a new consortium to conduct urgently needed research to inform novel prevention

and treatment approaches for pediatric type 2 diabetes.18 Obesity is a risk factor for type 2

diabetes and other chronic diseases, so NIDDK also supports research to prevent childhood

obesity, such as research to characterize early-life risk factors.19 Related to digestive diseases, a

critical trial is seeking to understand what factors are important in determining whether a child

with Crohn’s disease completely heals after receiving therapy, while our Childhood Liver

Disease Research Network is providing key insights about pediatric liver diseases.20 NIDDK

also plans to continue our Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Consortium that is

shedding new light on the risk factors that lead to CKD in youth.21

NIDDK research also remains necessary for tackling emerging scientific areas and public health

challenges that may worsen the already high burden that chronic diseases place on the United

States. To address the urgent public health need related to the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes,

NIDDK is supporting new research to establish and study a large, diverse cohort of children and

adults who developed diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection.22 In other research, scientists

showed that people who experienced acute kidney injury (AKI) during a hospitalization—

whether or not they had pre-existing kidney disease—were more likely to revisit the hospital or

die shortly after discharge compared to people hospitalized without AKI. This finding

underscores the importance of our Caring for OutPatiEnts after AKI (COPE-AKI) Consortium to

develop and test interventions to save lives and improve clinical outcomes among people

surviving an AKI episode.23 Another consortium is addressing the increase in the global burden

of CKD of uncertain or non-traditional etiologies, particularly in agricultural communities.24

NIDDK also supports a consortium conducing key studies on chronic pancreatitis and factors

that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in children and adults with chronic pancreatitis,

pancreatogenic diabetes, and newly diagnosed diabetes.25

17 niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/pathways-health-all

18 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-002.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-

003.html

19 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-025.html

20 classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05781152; childrennetwork.org/ 21 statepi.jhsph.edu/ckid/ 22 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-016.html

23 Schulman IH, et al. Am J Kidney Dis 82: 63-74.e1, 2023; classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05805709 24 ckducureconsortium.org/

25 dmscro.org/cpdpc

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Supporting Innovative, Foundational Research Toward Developing Novel Prevention and

Treatment Approaches

NIDDK research to advance foundational knowledge has enhanced our understanding of

diseases, led to dramatic improvements in prevention and treatment, and saved lives. For

example, NIDDK-supported research led to recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

approvals of the first drug that can delay onset of clinical type 1 diabetes, the first cellular

therapy to treat some adults with type 1 diabetes, and a new bionic pancreas system to manage

type 1 diabetes.26 NIDDK foundational research also made possible the first FDA-approved

drug for pediatric type 2 diabetes since 2000.27 In the future, NIDDK’s research to tackle

emerging areas of science is expected to continue to provide unprecedented new understanding

toward preventing and treating disease. For example, recent research has advanced potential

therapies for polycystic kidney disease, and a recently established network is poised to transform

clinical care for liver cirrhosis.

28 An expanded focus on disease heterogeneity—why diseases

can vary from person to person—is expected to usher in a new era of precision medicine.

Already, breakthrough progress is being made. For example, Kidney Precision Medicine Project

(KPMP) researchers created the most comprehensive atlas of the human kidney to date. 29 This

atlas can be used to help distinguish distinct disease subtypes that are now collectively treated as

AKI or chronic kidney disease, and to pave the way for more personalized treatments. Other

future research, such as through our IBD Genetics Consortium and a new initiative to define type

2 diabetes subtypes, could lead to significant progress on understanding disease heterogeneity.30

NIDDK has invested resources in recent fiscal years by supporting research programs with the

potential to yield transformative results in understanding, preventing, and treating disease. For

example, NIDDK has supported the Rare and Atypical Diabetes NeTwork (RADIANT) to

provide key insights not only into rare forms of diabetes, but also into the heterogeneity of type 2

diabetes.31 We also began a major clinical trial to test the effectiveness of novel gluten detection

technologies, in addition to telemedicine, to manage celiac disease in adults newly diagnosed

with the disease.32 Additionally, NIDDK supported new research that aims to foster communityengaged intervention research to address structural racism and reduce health disparities among

individuals living with kidney disease.33 With additional funds for pain management research in

FY 2023, NIDDK bolstered our pain-related research, including through the support of novel

basic, translational, and clinical efforts to develop new approaches to assess and treat pain for

disorders within the Institute’s mission.34 Such research is expected to provide essential new

insights into the pathophysiology and clinical features of pain and foster improved treatment and

26 fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-can-delay-onset-type-1-diabetes;

fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-cellular-therapy-treat-patients-type-1-diabetes;

fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clears-new-insulin-pump-and-algorithm-based-software-supportenhanced-automatic-insulin-delivery

27 fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-class-medicines-treat-pediatric-type-2-diabetes

28 Onuchic L, et al. Nat Commun 14: 1790, 2023; www.lcnstudy.org/

29 Lake BB, et al. Nature 619: 585-594, 2023.

30 ibdgenetics.org/; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-23-019.html

31 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-511.html

32 reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10718458

33 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-014.html

34 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-23-006.html

NIDDK-6
 

 

 

pain management strategies. NIDDK will continue to be guided by our recent Strategic Plan for

Research to accelerate research progress and improve the health of all people affected by

diseases and conditions within our mission.

NIDDK-7
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NIDDK-8
NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF DIABETES AND 

DIGESTIVE AND 

KIDNEY DISEASES 

Introduction to NIDDK Research 

Established in 1950, NIDDK supports and conducts 

research on some of the most chronic, common, 

and costly conditions, including diabetes and other 

endocrine and metabolic diseases, liver and other 

digestive diseases, obesity, kidney diseases, urologic 

diseases, and hematologic (blood) diseases. The 

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases 

program; the Digestive Diseases and Nutrition program; 

the Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases 

program; and the NIDDK Intramural Research Program 

support basic, clinical, and translational research across

the United States. NIDDK also supports research 

training and career development, as well as outreach 

efforts to patients, healthcare providers, and the public.

Pathways to Health for All: 

Health Disparities & Health Equity Research 

Recommendations & Opportunities

Released in May 2023, a new report from the Health 

Disparities and Health Equity Research Working Group 

of the NIDDK Advisory Council makes innovative 

recommendations to advance NIDDK’s health equity 

and health disparities research programs. It also 

includes guiding principles for embedding equity into 

research and tips for researchers, at NIDDK and 

externally, who plan to engage in robust health equity 

research. 

niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/

Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D., M.A.C.P.

Dr. Rodgers has been Director of 

NIDDK since 2007 and served 

as Deputy Director since 2001. As a 

leading hematology investigator, he 

is widely recognized for his 

contributions to the development of the

first effective —and FDA-approved—

therapy for sickle cell anemia. 

Recent NIDDK Research Highlights

• Decades of NIDDK-supported research led to FDA approval 

of the first drug that delays clinical type 1 diabetes onset in 

individuals at high risk for developing the disease and the 

first cellular therapy for some adults with type 1 diabetes. 

• NIDDK foundational research made possible the first FDAapproved oral medication for type 2 diabetes in children 10 

years and older, expanding treatment options for pediatric 

type 2 diabetes. 

• The Kidney Precision Medicine Project created a new 

“kidney atlas” that compares healthy versus injured human 

kidney tissue, laying a critical foundation for discovering 

new treatments. 

• A recent clinical trial demonstrated that a diet rich in fiber 

and low in processed foods may have benefits for human 

health by nurturing the gut microbiome. 

• Scientists uncovered biological links between psychological 

stress and inflammatory bowel disease flare-ups.

FY 2023 Funding Support Funding History*

 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 CR

FY 2025 President’s Budget 

Request (in millions): $2,310

*excludes mandatory T1D funding 

niddk.nih.gov 
Selected Current Activities

• NIDDK is supporting a national network of research institutions

and community-based organizations to strengthen the 

engagement of communities and individuals from diverse 

backgrounds and enhance equity in type 2 diabetes research. 

• A new consortium is characterizing a large cohort of youth at 

risk for type 2 diabetes through puberty to identify factors that 

contribute to youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

• The System Interventions to Achieve Early and Equitable 

Transplants Study (STEPS) is identifying people in need of a 

kidney transplant and determining whether outreach strategies 

focused on equity and patient needs can improve access to 

living donor kidney transplants. 

• A multi-center study of people who developed diabetes after 

COVID-19 infection is investigating the clinical course and 

physiological processes underlying post-COVID-19 diabetes.

• A consortium for Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreatic

Cancer (CPDPC) is conducting a comprehensive study of 

individuals with chronic pancreatitis to gain insights that could 

pave the way for developing new treatments for the disease. 

NIDDK Recent Advances and

Emerging Opportunities 

NIDDK Recent Advances and Emerging 

Opportunities is an annual compendium that 

highlights recent advances from NIDDKsupported studies, along with personal stories 

of people who have given time and effort to 

participate in NIDDK-sponsored clinical research.

niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports

Selected Future Research Initiatives

• NIDDK will support further research on reducing disparities and achieving health equity in diseases within the NIDDK 

mission that disproportionately affect underserved populations.

• A new randomized controlled trial will evaluate novel gluten detection technologies to improve celiac disease 

management in newly diagnosed adults. 

• The Gut-Brain Communication in Parkinson’s Disease Consortium (GBPDC) will accelerate research on the role of 

gastrointestinal symptoms and gut-brain communication in Parkinson’s disease to help develop novel diagnostic tools 

and biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease. 

• A new consortium will develop community-engaged interventions that dismantle the effects of structural racism to 

reduce health disparities among people living with kidney disease. 

• A Working Group of NIDDK’s Advisory Council on diabetes heterogeneity will identify research gaps and inform 

future opportunities, and a multi-disciplinary consortium will aim to discover new, more precise measures to classify 

subtypes of type 2 diabetes. 

NIDDK at a Glance

2023 Research Project 

Grants*

Funded Principal 

Investigators: 929 

Competing Applications

Awarded: 706 

*excludes mandatory T1D funding 

Number of 

Full Time 

Employees: 

670 

4-year average,

FY 2020-2023

2023 Paylines and Early Stage

 Investigators (ESIs*)

 R01 Payline: 16% 

ESI Payline: 25% 

ESI Renewal Payline: 19% 

 Number of ESIs: 90 

*excludes new investigators who are not ESIs 

 

Selected Recent Accomplishments

• Recent clinical trials testing artificial pancreas technologies for 

type 1 diabetes management led to the FDA approval of a new 

bionic pancreas device in people ages 6 and older and showed 

that another device (Control IQ) was effective in children between 

ages 2 and 5. 

• Using a 3D model of the kidney, researchers discovered that sugar 

can promote cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), 

pointing to sugar uptake inhibitors as a potential treatment. 

• Studies in people who do shift work and in mice showed that 

time-restricted eating can lead to health benefits, improving our 

understanding of how meal timing can affect metabolic health. 

• New findings provided insights into different types of overactive 

bladder urinary symptoms, which may help identify more targeted 

treatment approaches. 

• Researchers found that an FDA mandate limiting the 

acetaminophen levels in combination acetaminophen-opioid pain 

relievers was associated with a decreased incidence of liver failure 

and hospitalization due to these medications. 

niddk.nih.gov 
NIDDK-11 

MAJOR CHANGES

Major Changes in the Fiscal Year 2025 President’s Budget Request

Major changes by budget mechanism and/or budget activity detail are briefly described below. 

Note that there may be overlap between budget mechanisms and activity detail and these 

highlights will not sum to the total change for the FY 2025 President’s Budget. The FY 2025

President’s Budget request for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), excluding the proposed $260.0 million of mandatory funding for Type 1 

Diabetes, is $2,310.0 million, an increase of $6.9 million compared to the FY 2023 Final level. 

The FY 2025 President’s Budget reflects the Administration’s fiscal policy goals for the Federal 

Government. Within that framework, NIDDK will pursue its highest research priorities through 

strategic investments and careful stewardship of appropriated funds.

Research Project Grants (RPGs) (-$1.1 million; total $1,527.7 million): NIDDK will increase

funding for non-competing RPGs by $19.3 million compared to the FY 2023 Final level. Noncompeting awards include a decrease of 2.0 percent from their full commitment level. Funding 

for competing RPGs is expected to decrease by $17.4 million, or 4.8 percent, relative to the FY 

2023 Final level, resulting in 33 fewer grants compared to the FY 2023 Final level of 706

awards. These changes in funding are distributed across all programmatic areas and basic, 

translational, or clinical research.

Research Centers (+$0.8 million; total $113.0 million): NIDDK will increase funding for 

Research Centers by 0.7 percent compared to the FY 2023 Final level. This increase is

distributed across all programmatic areas and basic, translational, or clinical research.

Other Research (-$8.9 million; total $159.9 million): NIDDK will decrease funding for Other 

Research by 5.3 percent compared to the FY 2023 Final level. These decreases are distributed 

across all programmatic areas and basic, translational, or clinical research.

Research & Development (R&D) Contracts (+$4.1 million; total $104.0 million): NIDDK will 

increase funding for R&D Contracts by 4.1 percent compared to the FY 2023 Final level. These 

increases are distributed across all programmatic areas and basic, translational, or clinical 

research.

Intramural Research (+$8.1 million; total $248.8 million): NIDDK will increase funding for 

Intramural Research by 3.4 percent compared to the FY 2023 Final level. These increases will 

cover pay raises for intramural researchers and other inflationary costs, and are distributed across 

all programmatic areas and basic, translational or clinical research.

Research Management and Support (+$3.3 million; total $90.9 million): NIDDK will increase 

funding for Research, Management, and Support by 3.7 percent compared to the FY 2023 Final

level. These increases will cover pay raises for RMS staff and other inflationary costs and are 

distributed across all administrative support areas of basic, translational, or clinical research.
NIDDK-12 

BUDGET MECHANISM 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Budget Mechanism*,1 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Mechanism FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR FY 2025 President's 

Budget FY 2025 +/- FY 2023 

Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount 

Research Projects: 

Noncompeting 2,092 $1,076,607 2,082 $1,093,644 1,998 $1,095,929 -94 $19,322 

Administrative Supplements (135) $15,026 (117) $13,000 (117) $13,000 -(18) -$2,026 

Competing: 

Renewal 156 $80,583 155 $80,068 159 $81,941 3 $1,358 

New 549 $284,663 504 $261,118 513 $265,823 -36 -$18,840 

Supplements 1 $466 1 $500 1 $500 0 $34 

Subtotal, Competing 706 $365,712 660 $341,686 673 $348,264 -33 -$17,448 

Subtotal, RPGs 2,798 $1,457,345 2,742 $1,448,330 2,671 $1,457,193 -127 -$152 

SBIR/STTR 99 $71,542 97 $70,380 98 $70,550 -1 -$992 

Research Project Grants 2,897 $1,528,887 2,839 $1,518,710 2,769 $1,527,743 -128 -$1,144 

Research Centers 

Specialized/Comprehensive 87 $112,167 88 $112,950 88 $112,950 1 $783 

Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Biotechnology 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Comparative Medicine 0 $50 0 $50 0 $50 0 $0 

Research Centers in Minority Institutions 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Research Centers 87 $112,217 88 $113,000 88 $113,000 1 $783 

Other Research: 

Research Careers 493 $88,622 500 $89,000 500 $89,000 7 $378 

Cancer Education 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Cooperative Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Minority Biomedical Research Support 0 $109 0 $1,000 0 $1,000 0 $891 

Other 126 $80,066 124 $76,606 98 $69,933 -28 -$10,133 

Other Research 619 $168,796 624 $166,606 598 $159,933 -21 -$8,863 

Total Research Grants 3,603 $1,809,900 3,551 $1,798,316 3,455 $1,800,676 -148 -$9,224 

Ruth L Kirschstein Training Awards: FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs FTTPs 

Individual Awards 288 $14,135 290 $14,135 290 $14,276 2 $141 

Institutional Awards 751 $50,923 751 $50,923 751 $51,432 0 $509 

Total Research Training 1,039 $65,058 1,041 $65,058 1,041 $65,708 2 $650 

Research & Develop. Contracts 113 $99,833 114 $104,376 114 $103,976 1 $4,143 

SBIR/STTR (non-add) (3) ($823) (3) ($875) (3) ($875) (0) ($52) 

Intramural Research 388 $240,684 438 $243,875 438 $248,753 50 $8,069 

Res. Management & Support 310 $87,622 318 $89,096 318 $90,878 8 $3,256 

SBIR Admin. (non-add) ($8) ($10) ($10) ($2) 

Total, NIDDK 698 $2,303,098 756 $2,300,721 756 $2,309,991 58 $6,893 * All items in italics and brackets are non-add entries. 

 1 All Subtotal and Total numbers may not add due to rounding. 
NIDDK-13 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

Type 1 Diabetes 

Budget Mechanism*,1 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Mechanism FY 2023 Final 2,3 FY 2024 CR FY 2025 President's 

Budget FY 2025 +/- FY 2023 

Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount 

Research Projects: 

Noncompeting 109 $123,969 177 $160,000 180 $162,260 71 $38,291 

Administrative Supplements (0) $0 (14) $15,000 (14) $15,000 (14) $15,000 

Competing: 

Renewal 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

New 5 $4,319 86 $63,875 95 $71,250 90 $66,931 

Supplements 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Subtotal, Competing 5 $4,319 86 $63,875 95 $71,250 90 $66,931 

Subtotal, RPGs 114 $128,288 263 $238,875 275 $248,510 161 $120,222 

SBIR/STTR 13 $5,163 21 $9,125 22 $9,490 9 $4,327 

Research Project Grants 127 $133,451 284 $248,000 297 $258,000 170 $124,549 

Research Centers 

Specialized/Comprehensive 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Clinical Research 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Biotechnology 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Comparative Medicine 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Research Centers in Minority Institutions 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Research Centers 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Other Research: 

Research Careers 2 $2,999 0 $0 0 $0 -2 -$2,999 

Cancer Education 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Cooperative Clinical Research 0 $2,000 0 $2,000 0 $2,000 0 $0 

Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Minority Biomedical Research Support 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 

Other 1 $3,000 0 $0 0 $0 -1 -$3,000 

Other Research 3 $7,999 0 $2,000 0 $2,000 -3 -$5,999 

Total Research Grants, T1D 130 $141,450 284 $250,000 297 $260,000 167 $118,550 

*

 All items in italics and brackets are non-add entries. 

 1 Figures reflect budget authority provided in each year. A portion of this budget authority will be carried over and obligated in later years. 

 2 Includes mandatory Type 1 Diabetes funding not obligated in FY 2023 and carried over into FY 2024. 

 3 FY 2023 total reflects budget authority (in thousands) of $150,000 reduced by $8,550 for Budget Control Act sequestration. 
NIDDK-14 

APPROPRIATIONS LANGUAGE

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES

For carrying out section 301 and title IV of the PHS Act with respect to diabetes and digestive 

and kidney disease, $2,309,991,000.
NIDDK-15

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Summary of Changes

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2025 President's Built-In Change from FY 2023 Final Budget FY 2023 Final

Budget Budget Budget CHANGES FTEs FTEs FTEs Authority Authority Authority

1. Intramural Research:

A. Built-in cost changes:

a. FY 2024 effect of FY 2023 pay & benefits increase $97,459 $118,221 $1,509

b. FY 2024 effect of FY 2024 pay & benefits increase $97,459 $118,221 $4,828

c. FY 2024 paid days adjustment $97,459 $118,221 $395

d. Differences attributable to FY 2024 change in FTE $97,459 $118,221 $9,610

e. FY 2025 effect of FY 2024 pay & benefits increase $97,459 $118,221 $1,810

f. FY 2025 effect of FY 2025 pay & benefits increase $97,459 $118,221 $1,911

g. FY 2025 paid days adjustment $97,459 $118,221 $0

h. Differences attributable to FY 2025 change in FTE $97,459 $118,221 $0

i. Payment for centrally furnished services $36,853 $39,516 $2,663

j. Cost of laboratory supplies, materials, other expenses, and $106,301 $91,016 $8,504 non-recurring costs

Subtotal, IR built-in cost changes $31,229

2. Research Management and Support:

A. Built-in cost changes:

a. FY 2024 effect of FY 2023 pay & benefits increase $57,979 $65,386 $843

b. FY 2024 effect of FY 2024 pay & benefits increase $57,979 $65,386 $2,699

c. FY 2024 paid days adjustment $57,979 $65,386 $251

d. Differences attributable to FY 2024 change in FTE $57,979 $65,386 $1,533

e. FY 2025 effect of FY 2024 pay & benefits increase $57,979 $65,386 $1,012

f. FY 2025 effect of FY 2025 pay & benefits increase $57,979 $65,386 $1,068

g. FY 2025 paid days adjustment $57,979 $65,386 $0

h. Differences attributable to FY 2025 change in FTE $57,979 $65,386 $0

i. Payment for centrally furnished services $41 $44 $3

j. Cost of laboratory supplies, materials, other expenses, and $29,532 $25,448 $1,673 non-recurring costs

Subtotal, RMS built-in cost changes $9,082

FY 2025 President's Program Change from FY 2023 Final Budget FY 2023 Final

CHANGES No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount

B. Program:

1. Research Project Grants:

a. Noncompeting 2,092 $1,091,633 1,998 $1,108,929 -94 $17,296

b. Competing 706 $365,712 673 $348,264 -33 -$17,448

c. SBIR/STTR 99 $71,542 98 $70,550 -1 -$992

Subtotal, RPGs 2,897 $1,528,887 2,769 $1,527,743 -128 -$1,144

2. Research Centers 87 $112,217 88 $113,000 1 $783

3. Other Research 619 $168,796 598 $159,933 -21 -$8,863

4. Research Training 1,039 $65,058 1,041 $65,708 2 $650

5. Research and development contracts 113 $99,833 114 $103,976 1 $4,143

Subtotal, Extramural $1,974,791 $1,970,360 -$4,431

6. Intramural Research 388 $240,684 438 $248,753 50 -$23,161

7. Research Management and Support 310 $87,622 318 $90,878 8 -$5,826

Subtotal, program changes -$33,418

Total built-in and program changes 698 $2,303,098 756 $2,309,991 58 $6,893
 

 

 

BUDGET GRAPHS

History of Budget Authority and FTEs:

Distribution by Mechanism:

Change by Selected Mechanisms:

NIDDK-16
NIDDK

-17 

ORGANIZATION CHART

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

 Organization Structure

Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D., M.A.C.P.

Director

Gregory G. Germino, M.D.

Deputy Director

Camille Hoover, M.S.W.

Executive Officer

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology Division of Digestive Diseases Division of Kidney, Urologic and

and Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Hematologic DiseasesWilliam T. Cefalu , M.D. Stephen P. James, M.D. Robert A. Star, M.D.

Director Director Director

Division of Intramural Research Division of Extramural Activities

Michael W. Krause, Ph.D. Karl F. Malik, Ph.D.

Scientific Director Director
NIDDK-18 

BUDGET AUTHORITY BY ACTIVITY TABLE

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Budget Authority by Activity *

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2025 President's FY 2025 +/- FY 2023 FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR Budget Final

Extramural Research FTE Amount FTE Amount FTE Amount FTE Amount

Detail

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic

Diseases $694,314 $722,171 $723,128 $28,814

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition $724,755 $691,838 $692,756 -$31,999

Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases $555,723 $553,741 $554,476 -$1,247

(Type 1 Diabetes (mandatory funding)) 1 ($141,450) ($250,000) ($260,000) ($118,550)

Subtotal, Extramural

Intramural Research 388

Research Management & Support 310

TOTAL 698

 * Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH 

$1,974,791

$240,684 438

$87,622 318

$2,303,098 756

Common Fund.

$1,967,750

$243,875 438

$89,096 318

$2,300,721 756

$1,970,360

$248,753 50

$90,878 8

$2,309,991 58

-$4,431

$8,069

$3,256

$6,893

 1 Type 1 Diabetes FY 2023 amount reflects budget authority (in thousands) of $150,000 reduced by $8,550 for Budget Control Act sequestration.
NIDDK-19

JUSTIFICATION OF BUDGET REQUEST

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Authorizing Legislation: Section 301 and Title IV of the Public Health Service Act, as amended

Budget Authority (BA): 

FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR

FY 2025 

President's 

Budget

FY 2025 +/- FY 

2023

BA $2,444,548,000 $2,550,721,000 $2,569,991,000 $125,443,000

Type 1 Diabetes Mandatory:35

Current 

law -$141,450,000 -$150,000,000 $0 $141,450,000

 Proposal $0 -$100,000,000 -$260,000,000 -$260,000,000

 Total -$141,450,000 -$250,000,000 -$260,000,000 -$118,550,000

Labor/HHS $2,303,098,000 $2,300,721,000 $2,309,991,000 $6,893,000

FTE 698 756 756 58

Program funds are allocated as follows: Competitive Grants/Cooperative Agreements; 

Contracts; Direct Federal/Intramural and Other.

Overall Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request is $2,310.0 million, excluding 

mandatory Type 1 Diabetes funding, an increase of $6.9 million from the FY 2023 Final level. 

This funding level will support basic, translational, and clinical research across all of NIDDK’s 

mission areas, as described below. The Budget proposes to reauthorize the Special Type 1 

Diabetes Program through FY 2026, providing $250.0 million in FY 2024, $260.0 million in FY 

2025, and $270.0 million in FY 2026. 

Program Descriptions

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases 

The objectives of this program are to enhance the understanding of diabetes and other endocrine 

and metabolic disorders, and to develop and test prevention and treatment strategies. It supports 

basic, clinical, and translational research, as well as research training, in areas that include type 

1, type 2, and gestational diabetes; cystic fibrosis; obesity; energy balance; and endocrinology. 

35 Type 1 Diabetes FY 2023 amount reflects budget authority of $150,000,000 reduced by $8,550,000 for Budget 

Control Act sequestration. Current law amount for FY 2024 reflects annualized CR level.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In FY 2025, NIDDK will continue to support

foundational research that may lead to better ways to

treat and prevent endocrine and metabolic diseases,

such as diabetes and obesity. Recent discoveries

include findings from a study in mice and in human

cells that shed light on how insulin-producing beta

cells in the pancreas adapt insulin secretion to the

body’s needs, and how type 2 diabetes may disrupt

this process.36 Future research on this pathway of

insulin regulation may lead to new approaches for

diabetes treatment. In other research, scientists are

making significant strides in understanding the link

between time-restricted eating and metabolic

diseases. For example, a study in mice revealed a

biological mechanism involving the molecule

creatine that may explain why eating late at night is

linked to weight gain and metabolic disease.37

Relatedly, scientists discovered that, in mice, gastric

bypass surgery (a treatment for severe obesity)

reprograms the biological day/night “clock” to adjust

the timing and amount of food consumption and

improve glucose metabolism.38 Scientists have also

gained important new insights on the metabolic

benefits of exercise, including discoveries in mice of

a novel connection between the gut microbiome and

the brain that influences the motivation to exercise,

as well as the identification of proteins secreted into

the bloodstream that play a key role in mediating the

health benefits of exercise.39 These exciting

molecular insights can inform future new prevention

and treatment approaches for obesity, diabetes, and

other metabolic diseases.

With FY 2025 resources, NIDDK will continue

major clinical and translational research studies in

diabetes, endocrinology, and metabolic diseases

toward improving health and saving lives. Recent

progress includes findings from a study to improve

the health of people who do shift work, which

showed that time-restricted eating was feasible for firefighters on 24-hour shift work and led to

Diabetes Research Centers

The year 2023 marked the 50th anniversary of the

NIDDK’s Diabetes Research Centers (DRCs) that

have transformed the field of diabetes research.1 The

DRCs are part of an integrated program of diabetes

and related endocrinology and metabolism research.

Toward the goal of developing new methods to treat,

prevent, and cure diabetes and its complications, the

DRCs support research institutions with an established

existing base of high-quality, diabetes-related

research; provide increased, cost-effective

collaboration among multidisciplinary groups of

scientists; and provide shared access to specialized

technical resources and expertise. The DRCs are

structured around an administrative core with an

enrichment program, biomedical research cores, and a

pilot and feasibility (P&F) program to encourage earlystage investigators and researchers new to diabetes.

One historical, seminal accomplishment of the DRCs

is their contribution to NIDDK’s landmark Diabetes

Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) that launched

in 1983. DCCT, along with its follow-up study, called

the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and

Complications (EDIC), showed that early and intensive

blood glucose control lowered the risk for type 1

diabetes complications. These results transformed the

way type 1 diabetes is managed, and researchers

continue to learn from DCCT/EDIC participants today.

More recently, the DRCs have contributed knowledge

to a variety of areas, including revealing how timerestricted feeding can mitigate obesity in mice,

identifying risk factors for diabetic nerve disease in

DCCT/EDIC participants, and discovering changes

that occur at the molecular level following acute

physical activity.2 Looking to the future, NIDDK plans

to enhance the already strong DRCs by incorporating

new areas of science, increasing synergy and better

leveraging resources across the DRCs and with other

NIDDK Centers and programs, strengthening the P&F

program, and attracting new and diverse investigators.

Building on their impressive accomplishments, the

DRCs will continue to advance and evolve as new

opportunities emerge to meet the needs of the

diabetes research community.

1 https://diabetescenters.org/

2 Hepler C, et al. Science 378: 276-284, 2022; Braffett

BH, et al. Diabetes 69: 1000-1010, 2020; Contrepois

K, et al. Cell 181: 1112-1130.e16, 2020.

36 Wortham M, et al. J Clin Invest 133: e165208, 2023.

37 Hepler C, et al. Science 378: 276-284, 2022.

38 Ye Y, et al. JCI Insight 8: e166618, 2023.

39 Dohnalová L, et al. Nature 612, 739-747, 2022; Wei W, et al. Cell Metab 35: 1261-1279.e11, 2023.

NIDDK-20
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

health benefits for those with cardiometabolic risks.40 Another study with key clinical

implications showed that treating the genetic disorder Pompe disease in utero halted prenatal

organ damage and improved health after birth, paving the way for future studies for this

lysosomal storage disease that can be fatal by early childhood.41 Other research showed that

behavioral weight loss programs that are customized based on the individual’s progress can

improve weight loss results in adults and may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes more

effectively than a one-size-fits-all intervention.42 Toward developing future precision medicine

approaches, NIDDK plans to bolster research on the heterogeneity of diabetes. The Institute

plans to continue RADIANT (described in the Director’s Overview above) and to stimulate new

research to discover novel measures for subtypes of type 2 diabetes, which could help determine

the most effective treatment based on the subtype.43 Future research will also be informed by a

new working group of NIDDK’s Advisory Council focused on diabetes heterogeneity.

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for this program is $723.1 million, an

increase of $28.8 million or 4.1 percent compared with the FY 2023 Final level. With FY 2025

resources, NIDDK will continue major diabetes clinical trials. NIDDK will also continue

supporting a study to improve gestational diabetes screening and diagnosis by better

understanding blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy; research on the pathophysiology and

clinical course of new-onset diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection; the Diabetic Foot

Consortium to improve diabetic foot ulcer healing and prevent amputations; a National

Engagement Innovation Center to advance health equity in type 2 diabetes research; and research

on type 2 diabetes and youth.44 NIDDK will also continue funding research centers to advance

basic and clinical research relevant to diabetes and to cystic fibrosis and other genetic metabolic

diseases. The Institute will also continue research to translate study findings for diverse

populations and support health information dissemination activities to bring scientific discoveries

in diabetes and obesity to real-world medical practice and other community settings, along with

other efforts as part of an overall balanced research program.

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition

The objectives of this program are to enhance understanding of gastrointestinal, liver, and

pancreatic diseases, nutrition, and obesity, and to develop and test strategies for disease

prevention and treatment. This program supports basic, clinical, and translational research, as

well as research training; fundamental studies of the digestive system; disease-targeted research

involving the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anorectum, liver and

biliary system, and pancreas; studies relevant to nutrition; and research on obesity.

In FY 2025, NIDDK will continue to support critical research aimed at combating diseases

associated with the digestive system. Recent discoveries include the identification of biological

pathways that link stress to worsening inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms, suggesting

40 Manoogian ENC, et al. Cell Metab 34: 1442-1456.e7, 2022. 41 Cohen JL, et al. N Engl J Med 387: 2150-2158, 2022. 42 Miller CK, et al. Diabetes Care 45: 2452-2455, 2022.

43 atypicaldiabetesnetwork.org/; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-23-019.html 44 gomomsstudy.org/; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-016.html; diabeticfootconsortium.org/;

grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-001.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-002.html

NIDDK-21
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

that strategies to reduce stress could be an

important component of IBD treatment.45

These findings may also benefit those with

other gut inflammatory diseases and other

diseases that are worsened by stress. In other

research, scientists discovered that SARSCoV-2 infection disrupted the gut

microbiome, which enabled secondary

bloodstream infections.46 This knowledge

could help doctors better identify those with

COVID-19 who are most at risk of a

secondary infection. Additional molecular

insights are expected to emerge from a

planned new consortium to investigate the

role of the gut in the causes and progression

of Parkinson’s Disease.47 Because research

shows that gut health significantly impacts

the brain’s form and function, research in this

area may also benefit other

neurodegenerative disorders.

Related to research on liver diseases,

scientists found that a Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) mandate limiting the

amount of acetaminophen in combination

opioid-acetaminophen pain relievers was

associated with lower rates of liver failure

from these combination medications,

although rates of liver failure from

acetaminophen alone increased.48 These

results illustrate the complexities of balancing

pain management and drug safety in realworld situations. In other research with

therapeutic implications, scientists studying

how liver cells chemically communicate with

each other have uncovered a host of new

targets for potential therapies against an

advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver

disease currently lacking treatment options.

49

Also related to liver disease therapies, a clinical trial in adults showed that the addition of

45 Schneider KM, et al. Cell 186: 2823-2838.e20, 2023.

46 Bernard-Raichon L, et al. Nat Commun 13: 5926, 2022.

47 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-036.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-23-

001.html

48 Orandi BJ, et al. JAMA 329: 735-744, 2023.

49 Wang S, et al. Sci Transl Med 15: eadd3949, 2023.

Consortium for the Study of Chronic

Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatitis is typically classified as acute (coming on

suddenly and typically resolving over several days), or

chronic (long-lasting), although there appears to be no

clear boundary between these two types. Brief, acute

episodes of pancreatitis can progress to the chronic

form. There is no certain way to predict whether a

person will progress from acute to chronic pancreatitis,

which, if unchecked, can lead to serious lifethreatening complications that can include diabetes

and pancreatic cancer. Currently, there is no specific

treatment for pancreatitis. The search for treatments

has been hampered by the lack of large, long-term

studies to understand the factors that influence how

the disease develops and progresses. In addition,

researchers have yet to identify early disease

biomarkers. To address these needs, NIDDK, along

with the National Cancer Institute, launched the

Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis,

Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer in 2015.1 The

Consortium’s goal is to design and conduct clinical

studies to understand pancreatitis and its

complications, including diabetes and pancreatic

cancer. Since its inception, the Consortium has

overseen several major clinical studies in both adults

in children. Recent accomplishments include the

discovery of molecular markers in the immune system

that differ between people with acute and chronic

pancreatitis, which could serve as indicators for

different stages of the disease; and the identification of

a possible biomarker that could detect a type of

diabetes associated with pancreatitis.2 Along with its

large clinical studies, the Consortium conducts

research on pancreatitis diagnosis and treatment,

including new ways to treat pain. Because of the

Consortium’s significant accomplishments, NIDDK

plans to support a new project period beginning in

FY 2025. It is expected that this important effort will

continue making great strides in understanding

pancreatic disease, paving the way toward new

treatments, and bringing hope to people with

pancreatitis.

1 www.dmscro.org/cpdpc

2 Lee B, et al. Gastroenterology 165: 173-186, 2023;

Hart PA, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 108: e120-

e128, 2023.

NIDDK-22
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

peginterferon to tenofovir therapy for chronic hepatitis B led to an increased rate of response, but

only in people with a specific protein produced by the hepatitis B virus (called HBeAg) and/or a

single type of hepatitis B virus called genotype A2.50 In obesity-related research, a study in mice

identified a substance produced by the gut that links surgical and dietary weight-loss therapies to

improvements in metabolic and digestive health, suggesting that treatments targeting this

pathway might have therapeutic value.51 In nutrition-related research, a study showed that

remodeling of the gut microbiome by providing adequate dietary fiber and minimally processed

foods modulated human energy balance, findings that could inform future personalized nutrition

approaches.52 Advances such as these will pave the way for improving health and saving lives of

people affected by digestive diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity.

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for this program is $692.8 million, a

decrease of $32.0 million or 4.4 percent below the FY 2023 Final level. In FY 2025, NIDDK

will continue major clinical research networks to help understand and treat liver diseases,

including the Liver Cirrhosis Network that is conducting clinical and translational research

toward expanding treatment options for this condition, and the Childhood Liver Disease

Research Network that is facilitating discovery of new diagnostic, etiologic, and treatment

options for children with liver disease.53 NIDDK will also continue the Gastroparesis Clinical

Research Consortium to accelerate research on the causes and progression of this disorder and to

explore new approaches for treatment; the IBD Genetics Consortium to shed light on the

underlying causes of IBD in diverse populations; and clinical trials testing new management

approaches for celiac disease and ulcerative colitis.54 Research on intestinal stem cells and the

lymphatic system in digestive health and disease, which could inform understanding about many

digestive diseases, will continue in FY 2025, along with other efforts, such as support for centers

focused on digestive diseases research, as part of an overall balanced research program.

Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases

The objectives of this program are to increase the understanding of diseases and disorders of the

kidneys, urinary tract, and blood (hematologic), and to develop and test prevention and treatment

strategies. Basic, clinical, and translational research, as well as research training, are supported

in the areas of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease

(ESKD or kidney failure), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and many other kidney diseases;

urinary incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome,

stones, impotence, congenital urologic disorders, and urinary tract infections; and disorders of

the blood and blood-forming organs, including sickle cell disease, Cooley’s anemia,

hemochromatosis, and the anemia of inflammation and chronic disease.

In FY 2025, NIDDK will continue to support foundational research focused on kidney, urologic,

and hematologic diseases. For example, scientists used cutting-edge methods to analyze the way

50 Terrault NA, et al. Am J Gastroenterol 118: 1214-1225, 2023.

51 Shin JH, et al. Cell Metab 34: 1765-1778.e6, 2022.

52 Corbin KD, et al. Nat Commun 14: 3161, 2023.

53 lcnstudy.org/; childrennetwork.org/

54 jhuccs1.us/gpcrc; ibdgenetics.org/; reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10718458; reporter.nih.gov/projectdetails/10561414

NIDDK-23
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

different types of cells respond to kidney

injuries that lead to fibrosis in mouse models.55

The scientists assembled their data into an atlas

of genetic activity profiles in various cell types

that is broadly available as a useful resource

for future research. In other research, a study

in mice has identified a genetic factor that

might help explain why some people with

diabetes are more prone than others to kidney

complications of the disease, providing a

potential new therapeutic target.

56 Recent

genetics research also holds promise to

improve scientists’ ability to predict who will

develop PKD and who might benefit from

treatments currently in development.57

Relatedly, researchers used a combination of

two ways to model PKD—organ-in-a-dish and

organ-on-a-chip technologies—to identify a

novel role for glucose uptake in PKD.58 The

innovative technologies could lead to better

ways to test and develop PKD treatments in the

future. Also related to kidney diseases,

scientists used a type of machine learning to

predict CKD progression in boys with

posterior urethral valves, a congenital blockage

of the urinary tract that can cause kidney

failure and other serious complications.59 This

finding could help identify those at higher risk

for CKD progression, for whom early

intervention may be beneficial.

In other research with clinical implications, a

study suggests that two manifestations of

overactive bladder may reflect a spectrum of

symptom severity rather than two distinct

subtypes of urinary urgency with or without

incontinence.60 Increased knowledge about these conditions could help determine if some

people respond better to certain treatments, enabling a more personalized and targeted approach

to treatment. In hematology-related research, the discovery of a protein involved in post-birth

production of fetal hemoglobin provides a new potential therapeutic approach to treat some

55 Li H, et al. Cell Metab 34: 1977-1998.e9, 2022.

56 Wang Q, et al. Nat Metab 5: 607-625, 2023. 57 Chang AR, et al. JAMA 328: 2412-2421, 2022.

58 Li SR, et al. Nat Commun 13: 7918, 2022.

59 Weaver JK, et al. Pediatr Nephrol 38: 839-846, 2023.

60 Lai HH, et al. J Urol 209: 233-242, 2023.

System Interventions to Achieve Early and

Equitable Transplants Study

The optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease

(ESKD) is living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT).

Despite their nearly four-fold greater incidence of

ESKD compared to Whites, however, African

Americans have lower rates of LDKT. At least four

critical roadblocks hinder individuals’ journey along the

path to receiving LDKTs, particularly in African

Americans. These include lack of awareness of the

value of LDKT; insufficient knowledge of the procedure

and difficulties discussing it with family and physicians;

infrequent or sluggish referrals for early transplant

evaluations; and hurdles in the multi-step evaluation

process. Health systems have numerous capabilities

that could potentially be leveraged to address these

roadblocks and to reduce disparities. To test this

possibility, NIDDK funded the System Interventions to

Achieve Early and Equitable Transplants Study

(STEPS). STEPS is a comparative effectiveness trial

to assess the benefits of a ‘health system surveillance

and outreach’ approach compared to usual care to

mitigate race disparities in LDKT. The study is being

conducted in two large health systems in the U.S.

South, where disparities in kidney disease are

extremely prevalent, and where LDKT is most

desperately needed. STEPS integrates a registry of

electronic health information to identify all potential

candidates for pre-emptive or early LDKT referral by

using patients’ laboratory data and a validated

computer-generated kidney disease progression risk

prediction algorithm. Transplant social workers and

coordinators working with the study contact potential

LDKT candidates to help them address contextual

factors (including educational, social, logistical, and

navigation needs) that pose roadblocks to the

procedure. STEPS scientists are measuring patients’

initiation and completion of kidney transplant

evaluations using health system records and the

effectiveness of the study’s navigation support on the

kidney transplant evaluation process. STEPS is

expected to provide evidence needed to help reduce

LDKT disparities in the South and across the Nation.

NIDDK-24
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

blood disorders.61 To encourage future innovations, NIDDK supports the Stimulating Urology

Interdisciplinary Team Opportunity Research (SUITOR) and Stimulating Hematology

Investigation: New Endeavors (SHINE) programs.62

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for this program is $554.5 million, a

decrease of $1.2 million or 0.2 percent below the FY 2023 Final level. In FY 2025, NIDDK

plans to continue supporting research related to kidney diseases to improve health and save lives,

such as the Chronic Kidney Diseases of UnceRtain Etiology in Agricultural Communities

(CURE) Research Consortium; research addressing structural racism to reduce kidney health

disparities; Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) research toward developing more

personalized care for people with kidney diseases; and the Caring for OutPatiEnts after Acute

Kidney Injury (COPE-AKI) program (described in the Director’s Overview above).63 NIDDK

also plans to continue its support of research networks focused on enhancing understanding of

glomerular diseases, urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and lower urinary tract symptoms.

Centers focused on kidney, urologic, and hematologic research—including a new O’Brien

Kidney Consortium64—will receive continued funding in FY 2025, along with other efforts as

part of an overall balanced research program.

Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research

Complementing efforts of the Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases program, the

overarching goal of the Special Diabetes Program (SDP) is to foster a deeper understanding of

type 1 diabetes toward improved treatment, prevention, and cure of the disease and its

complications through basic, clinical, and translational research. Research supported by the SDP

is leading to landmark new prevention and treatment approaches for type 1 diabetes. For

example, decades of SDP-supported foundational research and clinical trials culminated in recent

FDA approvals of the first drug (teplizumab) that can delay onset of type 1 diabetes diagnosis in

people at high risk for developing the disease; the first cellular therapy to treat adults with type 1

diabetes who have recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood glucose levels);

and a new bionic pancreas system that eases the burden of type 1 diabetes management by

handing dosing decisions autonomously and eliminating the need for carbohydrate counting.65

SDP-supported research is yielding other important advances that are improving the health of

people with type 1 diabetes. A recent clinical trial showed that the Control-IQ artificial pancreas

device performed better than standard of care in very young children with type 1 diabetes.66

Telemedicine was successfully used to teach families how to use the device, suggesting that this

technology could be made available to people in areas without nearby specialty care. In another

trial, Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet reported that although the drug abatacept did not delay type 1

diabetes diagnosis, it impacted immune cell subsets and preserved insulin secretion. These

61 Feng R, et al. Nature 610: 783–790, 2022.

62 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAS-22-074.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAS-22-096.html

63 ckducureconsortium.org/; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-014.html; www.kpmp.org/;

classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05805709

64 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-22-007.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-

008.html

65 See Director’s Overview for links to FDA press releases.

66 Wadwa RP, et al. N Engl J Med 388: 991-1001, 2023.

NIDDK-25
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

results informed a new TrialNet trial testing abatacept in combination with another agent in

people with new-onset type 1 diabetes.67 To advance health equity, the SDP supports research to

improve technology adoption in individuals from underrepresented backgrounds with type 1

diabetes, and to investigate the use of social and medical care interventions to improve diabetes

outcomes.68 Future plans include supporting new research to study the neurocognitive impact of

type 1 diabetes in children and adults; continuing a research consortium studying people with

type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia; and continuing research studying heart

disease in type 1 diabetes.69 NIDDK also plans to continue a national career development

program to increase the diversity of physician scientists studying type 1 diabetes.70

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for the Special Statutory Funding

Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research proposes an extension of the program providing $250.0

million in FY 2024, $260.0 million in FY 2025, and $270.0 million in FY 2026.

Intramural Research

The objective of the Institute’s Intramural Research Program (IRP) is to conduct basic,

translational, and clinical biomedical research related to diabetes and other endocrine and

metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, including liver diseases and nutritional disorders; obesity;

kidney diseases; and hematologic diseases. Intramural research is conducted in the Institute’s

laboratories and clinical facilities in Bethesda, Maryland, as well as in Phoenix, Arizona, where a

long-standing research relationship with American Indian communities in the region has led to

important scientific advances in diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently,

IRP researchers revealed the structure and function of proteins that help to repair damaged DNA

in human cells, providing clues to treating disorders resulting from DNA damage.71 They also

demonstrated that a complex interplay among gut, liver, and microbes underlies metabolic

changes in chronic hepatitis C, and showed that people with pre-existing autoimmunity were

more likely to have severe COVID-19 outcomes.72 In FY 2025, the Intramural Research

Program will continue to advance research in these and other areas.

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for this program is $248.8 million, an

increase of $8.1 million or 3.4 percent compared with the FY 2023 Final level.

Research Management and Support

Research Management and Support (RMS) activities provide administrative, budgetary,

logistical, and scientific support in the review, award, and monitoring of research grants,

research training awards, and research and development contracts. RMS functions also

encompass strategic planning, coordination, and evaluation of the Institute’s programs;

67 Russell WE, et al. Diabetes Care 46: 1005-1013, 2023; trialnet.org/our-research/newly-diagnosed-t1d/t1d-relay

68 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-018.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-22-

028.html

69 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-23-010.html; grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-21-

020.html; https://care-t1d.org/

70 grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-019.html

71 Kim J, et al. Nature 617: 170-175, 2023.

72 Ali RO, et al. Nat Microbiol 8: 12-27, 2023; Yadaw AS, et al. Clin Infect Dis 77: 816-826, 2023.

NIDDK-26
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

regulatory compliance; international coordination; and liaison with other Federal agencies,

Congress, and the public. Through RMS activities, NIDDK continues its administrative support

of meritorious basic, clinical, and translational research and research training efforts, and

continues its communication of research-based health information to patients, health

professionals, and the public.73

Budget Policy: The FY 2025 President’s Budget request for this program is $90.9 million, an

increase of $3.3 million or 3.7 percent compared with the FY 2023 Final level.

73 niddk.nih.gov/health-information

NIDDK-27
APPROPRIATIONS HISTORY 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Appropriations History 

Fiscal Year Budget Estimate 

to Congress 1 

House 

Allowance 

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation 

2016 $1,938,133,000 $1,921,388,000 $1,975,162,000 $1,968,357,000 

2017 

Sequestration 

$1,966,310,000 $1,862,093,000 $1,891,652,000 $2,020,595,000 

($10,350,000) 

2018 $1,599,534,000 $1,899,733,000 $1,935,597,000 $2,120,797,000 

2019 $1,965,434,000 $2,144,333,000 $2,180,892,000 $2,179,823,000 

2020 $1,896,493,000 $2,129,027,000 $2,155,327,000 $2,264,314,000 

2021 $2,074,211,000 $2,282,498,000 $2,319,021,000 $2,281,975,000 

2022 

Sequestration 

$2,360,748,000 $2,380,075,000 $2,358,586,000 $2,353,926,000 

($8,550,000) 

2023 

Sequestration 

$2,347,530,000 $2,424,939,000 $2,432,248,000 $2,450,721,000 

($8,550,000) 

2024 $2,553,098,000 $2,300,721,000 $2,310,721,000 $2,550,721,000 

2025 $2,569,991,000 

 1 Includes mandatory funding for Type 1 Diabetes. 

NIDDK-28 
AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Authorizing Legislation 

PHS Act/ 

Other Citation 

U.S. Code 

Citation 

2024 Amount 

Authorized 

FY 2024 CR 2025 Amount 

Authorized 

FY 2025 President's 

Budget 

Research and Investigation Section 301 42§241 Indefinite 

$2,300,721,000 

Indefinite 

$2,309,991,000 

National Institute of 

Diabetes and Digestive and 

Kidney Diseases 

Section 401(a) 42§281 Indefinite Indefinite 

Total, Budget Authority $2,300,721,000 $2,309,991,000 

NIDDK-29 
AMOUNTS AVAILABLE FOR OBLIGATION 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Amounts Available for Obligation 1 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Source of Funding FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR 

FY 2025 

President's 

Budget 

Appropriation $2,300,721 $2,300,721 $2,309,991 

Mandatory Appropriation: (non-add) 

Type 1 Diabetes ($150,000) ($250,000) ($260,000) 

Type 1 Diabetes Sequestration -($8,550) ($0) ($0) 

Subtotal, adjusted appropriation $2,300,721 $2,300,721 $2,309,991 

OAR HIV/AIDS Transfers $2,377 $0 $0 

Subtotal, adjusted budget authority $2,303,098 $2,300,721 $2,309,991 

Unobligated balance lapsing -$141 $0 $0 

Total obligations $2,302,957 $2,300,721 $2,309,991 

 1 Excludes the following amounts (in thousands) for reimbursable activities carried out by this account: 

FY 2023 - $6,757 FY 2024 - $8,000 FY 2025 - $8,000 

NIDDK-30 
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Budget Authority by Object Class 1 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

BUDGET AUTHORITY BY OBJECT CLASS 

FY 2024 CR FY 2025 President's 

Budget 

Total compensable workyears: 

Full-time equivalent 756 756 

Full-time equivalent of overtime and holiday hours 1 1 

Average ES salary $224 $230 

Average GM/GS grade 12.5 12.5 

Average GM/GS salary $134 $138 

Average salary, Commissioned Corps (42 U.S.C. 207) $130 $136 

Average salary of ungraded positions $134 $138 

OBJECT CLASSES FY 2024 CR FY 2025 President's 

Budget 

Personnel Compensation 

11.1 Full-Time Permanent $57,818 $59,437 

11.3 Other Than Full-Time Permanent $52,915 $54,397 

11.5 Other Personnel Compensation $5,428 $5,580 

11.7 Military Personnel $1,211 $1,268 

11.8 Special Personnel Services Payments $14,706 $15,118 

11.9 Subtotal Personnel Compensation $132,078 $135,800 

12.1 Civilian Personnel Benefits $46,022 $47,570 

12.2 Military Personnel Benefits $217 $237 

13.0 Benefits to Former Personnel $0 $0 

Subtotal Pay Costs $178,317 $183,607 

21.0 Travel & Transportation of Persons $1,750 $1,750 

22.0 Transportation of Things $250 $250 

23.1 Rental Payments to GSA $200 $200 

23.2 Rental Payments to Others $10 $10 

23.3 Communications, Utilities & Misc. Charges $203 $203 

24.0 Printing & Reproduction $8 $8 

25.1 Consulting Services $54,988 $56,534 

25.2 Other Services $25,691 $24,342 

25.3 Purchase of Goods and Services from Government 

Accounts $153,762 $156,135 

25.4 Operation & Maintenance of Facilities $504 $504 

25.5 R&D Contracts $22,084 $20,484 

25.6 Medical Care $1,000 $1,000 

25.7 Operation & Maintenance of Equipment $5,218 $5,218 

25.8 Subsistence & Support of Persons $0 $0 

25.0 Subtotal Other Contractual Services $263,247 $264,217 

26.0 Supplies & Materials $11,041 $11,041 

31.0 Equipment $3,020 $3,020 

32.0 Land and Structures $1,795 $1,795 

33.0 Investments & Loans $0 $0 

41.0 Grants, Subsidies & Contributions $1,840,874 $1,843,884 

42.0 Insurance Claims & Indemnities $0 $0 

43.0 Interest & Dividends $6 $6 

44.0 Refunds $0 $0 

Subtotal Non-Pay Costs $2,122,404 $2,126,384 

Total Budget Authority by Object Class $2,300,721 $2,309,991 1 Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund. 

NIDDK-31 
SALARIES AND EXPENSES 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Salaries and Expenses 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Object Classes FY 2024 CR 

FY 2025 

President's 

Budget 

Personnel Compensation 

Full-Time Permanent (11.1) $57,818 $59,437 

Other Than Full-Time Permanent (11.3) $52,915 $54,397 

Other Personnel Compensation (11.5) $5,428 $5,580 

Military Personnel (11.7) $1,211 $1,268 

Special Personnel Services Payments (11.8) $14,706 $15,118 

Subtotal, Personnel Compensation (11.9) $132,078 $135,800 

Civilian Personnel Benefits (12.1) $46,022 $47,570 

Military Personnel Benefits (12.2) $217 $237 

Benefits to Former Personnel (13.0) $0 $0 

Subtotal Pay Costs $178,317 $183,607 

Travel & Transportation of Persons (21.0) $1,750 $1,750 

Transportation of Things (22.0) $250 $250 

Rental Payments to Others (23.2) $10 $10 

Communications, Utilities & Misc. Charges 

(23.3) $203 $203 

Printing & Reproduction (24.0) $8 $8 

Other Contractual Services 

Consultant Services (25.1) $54,881 $56,427 

Other Services (25.2) $25,691 $24,342 

Purchase of Goods and Services from 

Government Accounts (25.3) $91,744 $93,885 

Operation & Maintenance of Facilities (25.4) $504 $504 

Operation & Maintenance of Equipment (25.7) $5,218 $5,218 

Subsistence & Support of Persons (25.8) $0 $0 

Subtotal Other Contractual Services $178,038 $180,376 

Supplies & Materials (26.0) $11,041 $11,041 

Subtotal Non-Pay Costs $191,300 $193,638 

Total Administrative Costs $369,617 $377,245 

NIDDK-32 
DETAIL OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYMENT (FTE) 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTE) 

Office FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR FY 2025 President's Budget 

Civilian Military Total Civilian Military Total Civilian Military Total 

Division of Extramural Activities 

Direct: 67 - 67 70 - 70 70 - 70 

Total: 67 - 67 70 - 70 70 - 70 

Office of the Director 

Direct: 146 - 146 149 - 149 149 - 149 

Total: 146 - 146 149 - 149 149 - 149 

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic 

Diseases 

Direct: 32 - 32 32 - 32 32 - 32 

Reimbursable: 3 - 3 3 - 3 3 - 3 

Total: 35 - 35 35 - 35 35 - 35 

Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition 

Direct: 33 1 34 33 1 34 33 1 34 

Total: 33 1 34 33 1 34 33 1 34 

Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic 

Diseases 

Direct: 28 - 28 30 - 30 30 - 30 

Total: 28 - 28 30 - 30 30 - 30 

Division of Intramural Research Programs 

Direct: 382 6 388 432 6 438 432 6 438 

Total: 382 6 388 432 6 438 432 6 438 

Total 691 7 698 749 7 756 749 7 756 

Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund. 

FISCAL YEAR 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

Average GS Grade 

12.0

12.5 

12.4 

12.5 

12.5 

NIDDK-33 
DETAIL OF POSITIONS 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Detail of Positions 1 

GRADE FY 2023 Final FY 2024 CR FY 2025 

President's 

Total, ES Positions 1 1 1 

Total, ES Salary $212,100 $223,627 $229,888 

General Schedule 

GM/GS-15 72 74 75 

GM/GS-14 84 88 86 

GM/GS-13 119 124 126 

GS-12 76 83 82 

GS-11 35 40 42 

GS-10 7 10 10 

GS-9 19 24 25 

GS-8 6 8 5 

GS-7 17 20 21 

GS-6 2 2 4 

GS-5 9 10 8 

GS-4 0 0 0 

GS-3 1 1 0 

GS-2 1 1 1 

GS-1 0 0 0 

Subtotal 448 485 485 

Commissioned Corps (42 U.S.C. 

207) 

Assistant Surgeon General 0 0 0 

Director Grade 3 3 3 

Senior Grade 3 3 3 

Full Grade 1 1 1 

Senior Assistant Grade 0 0 0 

Assistant Grade 0 0 0 

Junior Assistant 0 0 0 

Subtotal 7 7 7 

Ungraded 273 297 297 

Total permanent positions 453 491 491 

Total positions, end of year 729 790 790 

Total full-time equivalent (FTE) 

employment, end of year 698 756 756 

Average ES salary $212,100 $223,627 $229,888 

Average GM/GS grade 12.4 12.5 12.5 

Average GM/GS salary $127,297 $134,215 $137,973 

 1 Includes FTEs whose payroll obligations are supported by the NIH Common Fund. 

NIDDK-34