UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v. No. 98-4822

WILLIAM SHORTER,

Defendant-Appellant.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

No. 98-4823

XAVIER MARCELLUS PAUL, a/k/a

Snap,

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeals from the United States District Court

for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Alexandria.

James C. Cacheris, Senior District Judge.

(CR-98-192-A)

Submitted: July 7, 1999

Decided: August 19, 1999

Before HAMILTON, LUTTIG, and MICHAEL,

Circuit Judges.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL

Suzanne Little, Alexandria, Virginia; Robert W. Mance, III, Washington, D.C., for Appellants. Helen F. Fahey, United States Attorney,

Morris R. Parker, Jr., Assistant United States Attorney, Alexandria,

Virginia, for Appellee.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See

Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

William Shorter and Xavier Marcellus Paul appeal their convictions for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack cocaine

in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 (1994). Paul also challenges his sentence. Both Appellants allege that sufficient evidence did not exist to

support their conviction for a single conspiracy, as charged in the

indictment. Shorter challenges the sufficiency of the evidence for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack cocaine and the

court's ruling allowing the grand jury testimony of a witness at trial

to be read into the record. Paul challenges the court's calculation of

the amount of drugs attributable to him and a two-level enhancement

he received for obstruction of justice. Finding no error, we affirm the

judgments.

We conclude that sufficient evidence existed to support Shorter's

conviction for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack

cocaine. To prove a drug conspiracy, the prosecution must show that:

(1) an agreement to possess the drugs with intent to distribute existed

between two or more persons; (2) the defendant knew of the conspiracy; and (3) the defendant knowingly and voluntarily became a part

of the conspiracy. See United States v. Burgos , 94 F.3d 849, 857 (4th

Cir. 1996) (en banc), cert. denied, #6D6D 6D# U.S. ___, 65 U.S.L.W. 3586

(U.S. Feb. 24, 1997) (No. 96-6868). A defendant may be convicted of

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conspiracy without knowing all the conspiracy's details, as long as he

joins the conspiracy understanding its unlawful nature and willfully

joins in the plan on at least one occasion. See id. at 858. Once the

existence of a conspiracy is established, only a slight link between a

defendant and the conspiracy is needed to support a conviction. See

United States v. Brooks, 957 F.2d 1138, 1147 (4th Cir. 1992). Several

co-conspirators testified at trial and connected Shorter to the conspiracy. It is evident that Shorter knowingly received his supply from

conspiracy members and relied upon the supply and manufacturing

provided by the conspiracy.

Shorter and Paul argue that the evidence at trial failed to establish

the existence of a single conspiracy of which they were both a part.

A single conspiracy exists where there is one overall agreement or

general business venture, see United States v. Leavis, 853 F.2d 215,

218 (4th Cir. 1988), or where there is a permissible inference that

each actor was aware of his role in a larger organization. See United

States v. Vanwort, 887 F.2d 375, 383-84 (2d Cir. 1989). We find that

the evidence in this case established one overall agreement to distribute crack cocaine. It is not unusual for a conspiracy to exist involving

multiple suppliers. See United States v. Johnson , 54 F.3d 1150, 1154-

55 (4th Cir. 1995) (single conspiracy even though competition for

multiple suppliers and customers); United States v. Banks, 10 F.3d

1044, 1054 (4th Cir. 1993) (single conspiracy even though parallel,

and sometimes competing, suppliers).

Shorter contends that the district court erred in admitting the grand

jury testimony of Maria Wright, a Government witness, as a past recollection recorded because the court did not make evidentiary findings that the incidents were fresh in Wright's memory at the time they

were recorded and that her testimony was an accurate reflection of her

memory. This court reviews evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion. See United States v. D'Anjou, 16 F.3d 604, 610 (4th Cir.

1994).

Federal Rule of Evidence 803(5) excepts from the hearsay rule a

recorded recollection. Admission of portions of grand jury testimony

is a proper use of the recorded recollection exception. See United

States v. Barrow, 363 F.2d 62, 67 (3d Cir. 1966). To be admitted, the

Government must establish the foundation requirements that (1) the

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witness once had knowledge about the matters in the document, (2)

the witness now has insufficient recollection to testify fully and accurately, and (3) the record was made at a time when the matter was

fresh in the witness' memory and reflected the witness' knowledge

correctly. See Fed. R. Evid. 803(5); United States v. Edwards, 539

F.2d 689, 691-92 (9th Cir. 1976).

Shorter only argues that the Government did not demonstrate that

the witness' memory was fresh at the time she testified at the grand

jury proceeding and whether the transcript accurately reflected her

testimony. We conclude, considering the circumstances surrounding

Wright's grand jury and trial testimony, that the court did not abuse

its discretion in admitting the grand jury testimony in accordance with

Fed. R. Evid. 803(5). See United States v. Senak , 527 F.2d 129, 141

(7th Cir. 1975).

Paul argues that the 3598 grams of crack cocaine attributed to him

as the result of his role in the conspiracy is clearly erroneous. The

Pre-Sentence report (PSR) and the court relied upon the testimony of

three witnesses, William Roberts, Darren Brown, and Marie Lebby,

in calculating the amounts. The court reviews the trial court's factual

determinations as to drug quantity for sentencing purposes for clear

error. See United States v. Fletcher, 74 F.3d 49, 55 (4th Cir. 1996).

The court's decision to adopt the PSR calculation was based on the

court's assessment of the evidence at trial, and the court specifically

noted that it relied upon its determination of the witnesses' credibility.

This court is "doubly" reluctant to overturn factual findings of the

trial court when the determination rests upon the demeanor and credibility of witnesses. See D'Anjou, 16 F.3d at 614. We find that the

record does not reveal that the court clearly erred in attributing 3598

grams of crack cocaine to Paul.

Finally, Paul argues that the court erred by increasing his offense

level by two levels for obstruction of justice under U.S. Sentencing

Guidelines Manual § 3C1.1 (Nov. 1998), because Paul perjured himself at trial. Perjury is conduct that warrants the enhancement. See id.

at n.3. An enhancement for perjury is sufficient if the court's finding

"`encompasses all of the factual predicates for a finding of perjury.'"

United States v. Castner, 50 F.3d 1267, 1279 (4th Cir. 1995) (quoting

United States v. Dunnigan, 507 U.S. 87, 94-95 (1993)). The court

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must find that a defendant "`gave false testimony concerning a material matter with the willful intent to provide false testimony, rather

than as a result of confusion, mistake, or faulty memory.'" Id.

The court applied the enhancement because Paul testified that he

never sold or dealt with drugs in the conspiracy. The court found

"[Paul's] testimony concerning the drug aspect of the case in dealing

with this was a material matter which was intended to mislead a jury

. . . ." (J.A. 951). Therefore, the district court found that Paul's testimony was willfully false and involved material matters. These findings were sufficient as a matter of law and were not clearly erroneous.

See Castner, 50 F.3d at 1279.

We therefore affirm the judgments. We deny Shorter's motion to

file a pro se supplemental brief. We dispense with oral argument

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the

materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional

process.

AFFIRMED

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