1 ... SeeTe x. R. App . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OFAPPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOF TEXAS FORT WORTH NO . 2- 08- 138- CR NO. 2 - 08 - 13 9- CR
ANT HON Y DW AY NE M OR GAN AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 415TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F PARKERCO UN TY

----- ----- -- 

### MEMORANDU M OPI NI ON 1

----- ----- -- A j ury c onvi cted A ppel l antA nt honyD w ayn e M or gan off el ony eva di ng ar r es ti n a ve hi cl e a nd bu r gl ary ofa hab i t at i on. Fi ndi ng t he enh anc em ent
a l l e g a ti o n s to b e tr u e i n ea c h ca se , th ej u ry a ss e ss e d p u n i sh m e n t at tw e n ty y e a r s ’ c o n f in e m e n tin t h e e v a d in g a r r e s tc a s ea n d s ix t yy e a r s ’ c o n f in e m e n tin th e b u rglary c a se . T h e tr i a l co u rtse n ten c e d A p p e l l a n t ac c o rding l y . I n tw o2

i ss uesi n eac h cas e, A ppe l l antchal l eng est he l ega l and f ac t ualsuf f i ci enc y oft he evi den ce . Beca us e w e hol d t hatt he evi den cei s l ega l l y a nd f ac t ual l y s uf f i ci ent to s u p p o rt b o th c o n v i c ti o n s , w ea ffir m th etri a l c o u rt’sj u d g m e n ts . B a c k g rou n d F a c ts A r ound 10: 15 on the m orni ng ofA ugus t3, 2007 , w hi l e o n pa t r ol on In t e r s t a t e 2 0 , S t a t e T r o o p e rT r o yE r ic h s e n s a w a w h it eS u b u r b a n s p e e d in g in t he oppos i t e d i r ec t i on. Er i chs en t ur ned a r ound and be gan f ol l ow i ng t he S ubu r ban and , w hen he go t cl ose t o t he vehi cl e, t ur ned on hi s l i ghtsand si r ens. The Subur ban ch ang ed l ane s and ac ce l er at ed. A n e i ght ee n- m i l e c has e e ns ued , w hi ch end ed w hen t he Subur ban s ki dde d of ft he r oad i nt o a di t ch, t hen i nt o t he yar d ofa r es i den ce , an d t he n arou nd a f ount ai n i n t he yar d, f i nal l y s t oppi ng. D ur i ng t he cha se , Er i chs en di d not not i ce any one i n t he veh i cl e ot hert han t he dr i ver , a dar k- com pl ect ed m al e w ear i ng a l i ght- col or ed shi rt , w hom Er i chsen
cou l d nots eecl ea r l y be ca us e o ft he Subur ban ’ s w i ndow t i nt i ng. A s t he Subur ban s t oppe d, E r i chse n s aw t he Subur ban ’ s dr i ver ’ s door open . H e di d not see anyon e exi t t he vehi cl e; upo n i nspect i on he deter m i ned t hatno o ne w asi ns i de i t . A cr i m e s ce ne i nve st i gat orca l l ed t o t he sc enef ound a b l oodyt oot h on t he f l oor boa r d. O n t he sa m e m or ni ng, s hort l y a ft ert he ca rc ha se ended, A ppe l l ant ent er ed a ho us e b ehi nd t he r es i den cew her e t he Subur ban ha d s t oppe d. The3

ow neroft he hous e, D or ot hea V and agr i f f , w as i n t he ki t che n w hen A ppe l l ant ent er ed. V and agr i f fs aw t hatA ppe l l antw asbl ee di ng on hi s chi n a nd ne ck . She st at ed, “ You’ r e i nj ur ed, ” and of f er ed t o get her hus ban d, w ho w asm ow i ng t he l aw n. A tt hatpoi ntA ppel l antshutt he doo r , l ocked i t , and cl o se d the bl i nds. A p p e l l a n t state d , “Y o u ’ve g o t t o h e l p m e [, ] a n d I ’l l p a yy o u .” V a n d a g ri ff of f er ed t o cal l 91 1 an d w al ked t ow ar d t he t el epho ne, b utA ppel l antpul l ed her back f r om the t el epho ne and sai d, “N o cal l s. ” H e asked herf ort he keys t o her
car , and she gave t hem t o hi m . She sho w ed hi m hercarpar ked i n hergar age, a n d A p p e l l a n t s a i d t h a t h e w a n te d h e r to d ri v eh i m a n d th a t h ew o u l d p a yh e r. A ppel l antw al ked ar oun d t he cart o t he passengersi de. V andag r i f fw al ked
ar ound t o t he dr i ver ’ s si de, an d w hi l e s he w asdoi ng s o, s he sa w he rne i ghbor i n h e r o w n f r o n ty a rd . V a n d a g ri ff ra n to w a rd h e r n e i g h b o r, y e l l i n g , “H e ’s st ea l i ng m y c ar . ” The n ei ghbors pott ed t he pol i ceof f i ce r s se ar chi ng t he
n e i g h b o rh o o d fo r th e S u b u rb a n d ri v e r a n d y e l l e d to th eo ffice rs , “H e ’si n th e re ,” poi nt i ng t o t he V and agr i f fhom e. Appel l ants t art ed t he ca r , ba ck ed i toutoft he gar age, t ur ned i ti n t he yar d, an d st art ed t o dr i ve out oft he dr i vew ay, atw hi ch poi nthe w as st opp ed by t he pol i ce of f i cer s and t aken i nt o cust ody. H i s ar r est
occur r ed w i t hi n m i nutest he end of t he carchase.2 ... SeeTex. Pen alCode Ann. § 38. 04( a) , ( b) ( 1) ( V er non 2003) ( pr ovi di ng

t hat“[ a] per so n com m i t s an of f ens e i fhe i nt ent i ona l l y f l ee s f r om a per so n he know s i s a peace of f i ceratt em pt i ng l aw f ul l y t o ar r estordet ai n hi m ” and “uses a v e h i c l e w h i l e . . . i n fl i g h t” ).

3 ... Ja cks o nv. V

ir ginia , 443 U. S. 307, 319, 99 S . C t . 2781 , 2789 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl

a y to nv. S tate , 2 3 5 S .W .3 d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). 4 Evi den ceofEva di ng Ar resti n aV ehi cl e i s Le gal l y Suff i ci ent A p p e lla n ta r g u e sin h iss e c o n d is s u et h a tt h ee v id e n c eisle g a lly i nsuf f i ci entt o suppo rtt he j ur y’ s ver di ctbecause t he evi dence f ai l s t o show t hat he w as t he dr i verof t he S ub urba n. 2I n r evi ew i ng t he l ega l s uf f i ci enc y oft he evi de nc e t o s up po rta c on vi c t i on , w ev i e w a l l t hee vi de nc ei n t hel i gh tm os t f avo r abl e t o t he pr os ec ut i on i n or dert o de t er m i ne w het heran y r at i ona l t r i erof f a c tc o u ld h a v e f o u n d t h e e s s e n t ia l e le m e n t so ft h ec r im eb e y o n d a re a s o n a b le d o u b t. 3 Th e r ecor d contai ns som e di r ectevi dence t hatA ppel l antw as t he dr i ver oft he S ubu r ban. I tw as dayl i ght. A l t hou gh t he w i ndo w s w er e t i nt ed, O f f i cer Er i chsen coul d see i nt o t he v ehi cl e. H e w as abl e t o det er m i ne t hatt he dr i ver
w as a m al e w ho had a dar k com pl exi on and w or e a l i ght- col or ed shi rt . Er i chsen
sa w no o t herpe r so n i n t he veh i cl e. Appel l anti s a m al e w i t h a da r k c om pl exi on, a n d h e w a s w e a ri n g a l i g h t- c o l o red sh i rtat th eti m eo f his arres t. Th e r ec ord a l so cont ai ns som e ci r cum st ant i al evi dence t hatA ppel l antw as t he dr i veroft he vehi c l e . O ff i cerEr i chsen and M r s. V andag r i f fbot h t est i f i ed4 ... L a ster v. S tate , N o . P D
- 1 2 7 6

- 0 7 , 2 0 0 9 W L8 0 2 2 6 , a t* 4( T e x . C r i m.

A p p . J a n . 1 4 , 2 0 0 9 ).

5 ... Jacks on , 4 4 3 U .S . a t 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 8 9 ; Cl ayton , 235 S. W . 3d a t778. 5 t hatAp p e l l a n tw a sb l e e d i n g f r o m t h em o u t h . T h ec r i m es c e n ei n v e st i gat or f oun d a t ooth on t he f l oor boar d oft he S ubu r ban. A ppel l a ntw entt o M r s. V a n d a g r if f ’s h o u s e , w h ic h w a sb e h in d t h eh o u s ew h e r et h eS u b u r b a n f in a lly
ca m e t o a s t op. W hen A ppe l l antca m e i nt o t he hous e, hel ock ed t he dooran d pul l ed dow n t he bl i nds. H e w as br eat hi ng heavi l y and s eem ed v e ry ner vous. H e t r ie d t o f le e in M r s . V a n d a g r if f ’s c a r . O f f ic e r sa r r e s t e d A p p e lla n tw it h in
m i n u te so f th e S u b u rb a n ’sc o m i n g to a s to p i n M rs . V a n d a g ri ff’sn e i g h b o r’s yar d. The Subur ban ha d New M exi co l i ce ns e p l at es . A ppe l l antha d out st and i ng N ew M exi co w ar r ant s, and he had a C l ovi s, N ew M exi co addr ess. W e t r eatci r cum st ant i al evi dence exactl y t he sam e w a y t hatw e t r eat di r ectevi dence. 4T h e q u e s t io n isw h e t h e ra ra t io n a l t r ie ro ff a c tc o u ld d e term i n e A p p e l l a n t’ s gu i l t b e y o n d a rea so n a b le d o u b t. 5Appl yi ng t he app r opr i at e s t and ar d of r evi ew , w e hol d t hatt he evi den cei s l ega l l y s uf f i ci ent to s u p p o rt A p p e l l a n t’s c o n v i c ti o n fo r e v a d i n g a rre s t. W eo v e rru l eA p p e l l a n t’s second i ssue.6 ... Nea l v. S tate , 2 5 6 S .W .3 d 2 6 4 , 2 7 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 8 ); W atson v. S tate , 2 0 4S .W .3 d 4 0 4 , 4 1 4(T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ).

7 ... L an c o nv. S tate , 2 5 3 S .W .3 d 6 9 9 , 7 0 4 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 8 ); W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t414– 15, 417.
8 ... W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t417.
9 ... Laster, 2009 W L8022 6, a t*3. 6 Evi den ceofEva di ng Ar resti n aV ehi cl e i s Fac t ual l y Suff i ci ent In h isf ir s tis s u e , A p p e lla n ta r g u e st h a tt h ee v id e n c eisf a c t u a lly i nsuf f i ci entt o suppo rthi s convi ct i on of evadi ng ar r estbec a u se th e evi dence f ai l s t o s how t hathew ast he dr i veroft he Subur ban. W hen r evi ew i ng t he f ac t ua l s u f f i c i e n c yo ft h e e v i d e n c et o s u p p o rta c o n v i c t i o n , w ev i e w a l l t he evi den ce i n a neu t r al l i ght , f avo r i ng nei t her pa rt y. 6W e t hen as k w het hert he evi dence supp ort i ng t he conv i ct i on, al t hou gh l egal l y suf f i ci ent , i s nevert hel ess s o w e a kt h a tt h e f a c t f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n isc le a r lyw r o n g a n d m a n i f e s t ly unj ustorw het herco n fl i c t i ng evi dence so gr eat l y outw ei ghs t he evi dence
s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n t h a t t h e f a c t f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n ism a n i f e s t ly
u n j u st. 7To r eve r se unde r t he se con d gr ound, w e m us tde t er m i ne, w i t h s om e obj ec t i ve bas i s i n t he r ec or d, t hat t he gr ea tw ei ghtan d pr epo nde r anc e o fal l t he
e v i d e n c e , th o u g h l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t, co n tr a d i c ts th ev e rdict. 8 W e do not com bi ne t he l egal an d f act ual suff i ci ency r evi ew s. 9The f act s, how ever , r em ai n th e s am e, w het herw e ar e engagi ng i n a f act ual suf f i ci ency7

r evi ew ora l ega l s uf f i ci enc y r evi ew ; onl y t he l enst hr ough w hi ch w e v i ew t he evi dence chan ges. O ffice r E ri c h s e n fo l l o w e d th eS u b u rb a n . A l th o u g h t h ew i n d o w sw e re ti n te d , h e w a sa b l e to s e e i n to th e v e h i c l e a n d s a w o n l yo n ep e rs o n , th ed ri v e r. H e s aw t hatt he dr i verw asa m al e w i t h a da r k c om pl ex i on w ho w asw ea r i ng a l i ght
- col or ed sh i rt . As t he Subur ban s t oppe d, O f f i ce rEr i chse n saw t he dr i ver ’ s- si de doo ropen, al t hou gh he di d not see anyone get out oft he vehi cl e. H e di d not t es t i f y t hat he sa w any ot her door ope n. N o one w as l efti n the veh i cl e. O n t he f l oor boa r d, t he cr i m e s ce ne i nve st i gat orf ound a b l oodyt oot h. O f f i ce rEr i chs en t es t i f i ed t hatA ppe l l anti s a d ar k c om pl ec t ed m al e a nd
w as w ear i ng a l i ght- col or ed shi rtat t he t i m e ofhi s ar r est . O f f i cerEr i chsen al so t es t i f i ed t hatA ppe l l antw asbl eedi ng pr of us el y f r om t he m out h a tt he t i m e o f h i s a rr e st a n d tha t i t ap p e a red th a t a c o u p l eo f h i s te e th h a d b e e n kn o c k e d o u t. O f f i cerEr i chsen addi t i o nal l y t est i f i ed t hatt he S ubu r ban had a N ew M exi co l i cense pl at e. Su b sequent i nvest i gat i on r eveal ed t hatA ppel l anthad outs t andi ng w ar r ant s i n N ew M exi co and t hatA ppel l anth a d a C l ovi s, N ew M exi co addr ess. M r s. V andag r i f fi denti f i ed A ppel l antas t he per so n w ho cam e i nt o her hou se, br eat hi ng heav i l y and app ear i ng ver y ner vous, and w ho go tupsetw hen sh e o ffered to c a l l 9 1 1 . H e too kthe ke y s to h e r ca r an d atte m p ted to d ri v e o ff.10 ... SeeTe x. Pe na l Cod eAnn . § 30 . 02( a ) ( 1) , ( 3) ( Ver no n 2003)

( pr ovi di ng t hat “[ a] per so n com m i t s an of f ens e i f , w i t houtt he ef f ec t i ve con se nt o ft h e o w n e r , t h e p e r s o n . . . e n t e r sa h a b it a t io n . . . [ 1 ] w it h in t e n tt o c o m m it a fel o n y , th e ft, o r an as sa u l t” o r ( 2 ) “a n d co m m i ts o r att e m p ts t o c o m m i t a fe l o n y , th e ft, o r a n a s s a u l t” ). 8 M rs. V a n d a g ri ff i d e n ti fi e d A p p e l l a n t at tr i a l an d tes ti fi e d tha t w h e n h eca m e i n to herhous e, heha d bl ood o n hi s cl ot hi ng, an d hi s m out h w asbl ee di ng. M r s. V a n d a gr i f f ’ s house w as behi nd t he hou se w her e t he S ubu r ban st oppe d. Appel l antw asar r es t ed w i t hi n m i nu t es a ft ert he Subur ban s l i d t o a st op i n M r s. V and agr i f f ’ s nei ghbor ’ s yar d. A ppl yi ng t he appr opr i at e st andar d of r evi ew , w e hol d t hatt he evi dence i s f ac t ual l y su f f i ci ent t o su pport A ppe l l ant ’ s con vi ct i on f or f el onyev adi ng ar r est . W e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s f i r sti ssue.

Evi den ceofBur gl ary ofa H abit at i on i s Le gal l y Suff i ci ent In h is f o u rt h is s u e , A p p e lla n t c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e e v id e n c e isle g a lly ins u ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rth i s b u rglary c o n v i c ti o n b e c a u se the ev i d e n c efai l s to est abl i sh t hatV andag r i f f di d not consent t o hi s ent ry i nt o t he hou se. 10D i r ect
a n d c ir c u m s t a n t ia l e v id e n c e s u p p o rt s t h e ju ry ’s c o n c lu s io n t h a t t h ee v id e n c e is l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t t o sh o w the ab se n c eo f co n se n t. T h e d i rec t ev i d e n c e i n c l u d e s t e sti m o n yo f t h eo w n e rs. M rs. V a n d a g ri ff t est i f i ed t hatA ppel l antdi d not have herconsentt o e n ter h e r h o m e. H er11 ... Laster, 2009 W L8022 6, a t*3.
12 ... S eeJa ckson , 4 4 3 U .S . a t 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 8 9 ; Cl ayton , 235 S. W . 3d a t778. 9 h u s b a n d t e s t if ie d t h a tA p p e lla n td i d n o th a v eh isp e r m is s io n t o e n t e rt h e ir hom e. Ther e i s no evi dence t hatanyon e el se w as an ow neroft he hom e. C i r cum st ant i al ev i dence, w hi ch w e tr eati n exact l y t he sam e w ay w e t r eat di r ectevi dence, 11 al so support s t he v e rdict . W hen M r s. V andag r i f fsai d t hat sh e w oul d c al l her hus ban d, A ppe l l antqui ck l y c l os ed and l ock ed t he dooran d cl osed t he bl i nds, bot h on t he doo rand on the adj acentw i ndo w . W hen M r s. V and agr i f fof f er ed t o c al l 911, A ppe l l antbe ca m e ups etan d de m and ed t hats he not do so. H e asked M r s. V andag r i f ff ort he keys t o hercar , of f er i ng t o pay her t o hel p hi m f l ee t he scene. Ther e i s no evi dence t hatA ppel l antei t herhad per m i ss i on t o e nt er the ho m e o rbe l i eve d t hatheha d pe r m i ss i on t o e nt ert he hom e.A ppl yi ng t he appr opr i at e st andar d ofr evi ew , 12w e h ol d t hatt he evi dence i s l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rtA p p e l l a n t’ s c o n v i c ti o n for b u rglary o f a habi t at i on. W e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s f ourt h i ssue.

Evi den ceofBur gl ary ofa H abit at i on i s Fac t ual l y Suff i ci ent In h ist h ir d is s u e , A p p e lla n ta r g u e st h a tt h ee v id e n c eisf a c t u a lly i ns uf f i ci entt o s upporthi s con vi ct i on f orbur gl ary ofa hab i t at i on be ca us e t he13 ... See Neal, 2 5 6 S .W .3 d a t 2 7 5 ; Lancon , 2 5 3 S .W .3 d a t 7 0 4 ; W atson , 204 S . W . 3d a t414– 15, 417. 10 e v i d e n c e d o e s n o t s h o w th e a b s e n c eo f th eo w n e r’sc o n s e n t to A p p e l l a n t’s ent ry i nt o t he hou se. M r s. V and agr i f ft es t i f i ed t hatw hen A ppe l l antca m e i nt o he rki t che n, he ent er ed t hr oug h herback ki t chen do or , w hi ch had been cl osed. She tes t i f i ed th a t sh e d i d n o t g i v e A p p e l l a n t pe rm i ss i o n to e n ter h e r ho m e . M r. V a n d a g ri ff t est i f i ed t hathe di d not gi ve A ppel l ant per m i ssi on t o be i n hi s house on t he day oft he of f ens e. Ther e i s no evi den cecont r adi ct i ng t hes e as se rt i ons . Appl yi ng t he appr opr i at e st andar d ofr evi ew , 13w eh o ld t h a tt h ee v i d e n c e i sf a c t u a lly
s u fficie n t to s u p p o rt A p p e l l a n t’sc o n v i c ti o n fo r b u r g la ryo f a h a b i ta ti o n . W e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s t hi r d i ssue. C onc l us i on H a v i n g o v e rru l e d A p p e l l a n t’sfo u r i s s u e s , w ea ffir m th etri a l c o u rt’s j udg m ent s.

L E E AN N D AUP HI NOT J U S T I C E PA N EL: DA U PH I N O T, G A RD N ER, an d M EI ER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH Tex. R. A pp. P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: M a r c h 5, 2009