T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T J O N A T H A N H E R R E R A , a n in d iv id u a l, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. C O U N T Y O F L O S A N G E L E S , a mu n i c i p a l e n t i ty ; LOS ANG EL ES COUN TY PR OBATI ON DEPART M ENT, am u n i c i p a l e n t i ty ; MI KE L L B AL L OU ; TYRONE PE RR Y; M ARCI LA CH A PM A N ; RA N D Y H ERBO N ; J A CK M O REN O ; D EPU TY BA RLO W ; BU RT TO D D ; RO BERT TA Y LO R; RI CH A RD SA EN Z; FRA N CESCA B. J O N ES; SAM UEL R OD RI GU EZ ; GERALD E S P I NO Z A; C HA R L E S HA R T AR C YC H, P E A R L S A L C ID O , as i n d i v i d u al s, D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 11- 55078 D . C. N o . 2 : 0 9 - c v - 0 7 3 5 9 - PSG - CW ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia P hi l i p S . G ut i e rr e z , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d M a y9, 2012 P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia 

# FI LED JU N 01 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS“ W e r evi ew de no vo a di stri ctcourt ’ s di sm i ss al of a c om pl ai ntun der 1 [F eder al R ul e of C i vi l P roce du re ] 12 (b)( 6) for f ai l ure t o st at e acl ai m . ” Starr v . B aca , 6 5 2 F .3 d 1 2 0 2 , 1 2 0 5 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 1 ) , ce rt. deni ed , 8 0 U . S. L. W . 3 6 1 3 ( U . S. A p r. 3 0 , 2 0 1 2 ) (N o . 1 1 -8 3 4 ). “ ‘ T o su rv i v e a m o t i o n t o d i sm i ss, a co m p l ai n tm u st c o n ta in s u f

f ic ie n t f a c tu a l m a tte r , a c c e p te d a s tru e , to s ta te ac la im to r e lie f th a t is pl ausi bl e on i t s f

ac e. ’ ” Ca vi n ess v. H

o ri zo n Cm t y. L ea rn i n gC tr. , Inc. , 590 F . 3d 806, 812 ( 9th C i r . 2010) ( quot i ng A s hc r of t v . I qbal , 5 5 6 U .S . 6 6 2 , 6 7 8 ( 2 0 0 9 ) ) . T he f a c t s i n the c om pl a i ntm us tbe a c c e pt e d a s true a nd a r e c ons true d i n the l i ght m o s t f a v o r ab le to th e p la in tif

f . A Eex rel . H

ern a n dez v. Cn t

y. o f T u la re , 666 F . 3d 63 1, 63 6 (9th C i r. 20 12 ). In rul i ng on a m ot i on t o d i sm i ss , the courtm ayconsi der d o c u m e n ts th a t a r e a tta c h e d to th e c o m p la in t. L ee v. C i t y of L os A ng eles , 250 F . 3d 6 6 8 , 6 8 8 - 8 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 1 ) . 2 B efo re: P R E G E R S O N , G R A B E R , an d B E R Z O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P lain ti ff -A p p ellan t Jo n ath an H erre ra (“Jo n ath an ”) ap p ea ls th e d istrict co u rt’s d is m is s a l o f

h is T h ir d A m e n d e d C o m p la in t f o rf a ilu r e to s ta te ac la im . See Fe d . R. C iv . P . 1 2 ( b ) ( 6 ) . W e h a v e ju r is d ic tio n p u r s u a n t to 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 . W e a f f irm in p art , rev erse i n p art , an d rem an d fo r fu rth er p ro ceed i n g s. 1 1 . T h e d i stri ctco u rtd i d n o terr i n d i sm i ssi n g Jo n ath an ’ s cl ai m s ag ai n st D e f e n d a n ts B a r lo w a n d B a llo u . J o n a th a n ’s T h ir d A m e n d e d C o m p la in t f a ils to st at e a cau se o f act i o n ag ai n stth ese d efen d an t s fo r d el i b erat e i n d i fferen ce b ecau se there i s no fac tual al l egat i on that“ pl ausi bl y s ug gest s, ” I qbal , 55 6 U . S . at68 3, that the s e de f e nda nt s kne w of

a nd di s r e ga r de d “ a n e xc e s s i ve r i s k t o i nm a t e he a l th or sa fe ty, ” Farm e rv . B r e nnan , 51 1 U . S . 82 5, 83 7 (19 94 ).3

2. T he di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d i n di s m i s s i ng J ona tha n’ s c l a i m a ga i ns tD e f e nda nt E s pi noz a . J ona tha n’ s T hi r d A m e nde d C om pl a i nta nd the a c c om pa ny i ng att ac hm ent s, “ pl ausi bl y s ug gest [] , ” I qbal , 556 U . S . a t683, tha tE s pi noz akne w of and d i sr egar ded “ an exces si ve ri sk t o i nm at e hea l th o r s af ety, ” Farm er , 51 1 U . S . at 8 3 7 . E s p in o z ate s tif

ie d a t ad e p o s itio n th a t, a f te rh e a r in g a n o th e rju v e n ile s a yto Jonathan, “ H ey , m an, there ’ s asnake over there w here you’ re si tt i ng , ” E spi no za

“ turne d a r ound t o l ook a nd s e e i f the s na ke w a s r e a l l ythe r e . ” H e t e s t i f i e d tha the di d n ot“ re ca l l se ei ng a s nake” – thati s, thathe coul d n otre m em ber w hether, w hen he turne d a r ound t o l ook f oras na ke he , i n f

a c t , s a w one . H e a l s o t e s t i f i e d tha the c oul d notr e c a l l w he the rhe a s ke d a nya ddi t i ona l que s t i ons of the boyw ho s a i d he ha d s e e n the s na ke . A r e a s onabl e j uryc oul d f i nd i m pl aus i bl e E s pi noz a ’ s t e s t i m ony tha the c oul d notr e m e m be rw he the rhe ha d s e e n as na ke orw he the rhe ha d m a de a n y in q u ir ie s ab o u t it a n d th e r e f o r e in f e rth a t h e w a s ly in g . G iv e n th is in f e r e n c e , a j ury c oul d f

i nd tha tE s pi noz adi d s e e as na ke a nd y e tde l i be r a t e l yi gnor e d the dang er . T h u s , J o n a th a n ’s c o m p la in t a n d th e a c c o m p a n y in g a tta c h m e n ts p lau s ib ly s ugge s ttha t : ( 1) E s pi noz aw a l ke d out s i de of the a dm i ni s tr a t i on bui l di ng a nd o b s e rv e d J o n a th a n s ittin g o n th e s te p s o f th e a d m in is tr a tio n b u ild in g ap p r o x im a te ly4

t en m i nu t es before Jonathan w as bi tt en by a r att l es nake; (2) E spi no zahear d ano ther m i no r y el l atJonathan, “ H ey , m an, there ’ s asnake over there w here you’ re si tt i ng ”; (3) E spi no zasaw the snake nextt o Jon athan; (4) C am p P ai ge po l i cy r e qui r e d J ona than t o r e m a i n i n the a r e aw he r e he w a s s i tt i ng unt i l apr oba t i on depu ty or s om e other s t af f m em ber r el ea se d h i m ; and, (5) E spi no zadi d n oti nstruct Jonathan t o m ov e t o ano ther l ocat i on . B ec ause Jonathan’ s T hi rd A m ended C om pl ai ntand accom panyi ng att ac hm ent s pl ausi bl y s ug gestthatE spi no zakn ew J o n a th a n w a s s ittin g in c lo s e p r o x im ityto ap o te n tia llyp o is o n o u s s n a k e , a n d d id n o th i n g , w e rev erse th e d i stri ctco u rt ’ s d i sm i ssal o f Jo n ath an ’ s cl ai m ag ai n st E spi no za . 3. Jonathan d oes notar gu e i n h i s openi ng or re pl y bri ef s thatthe di stri ct c ourte rr e d i n di s m i s s i ng hi s c l a i m s a ga i ns tD e f e nda nt s P e rry , C hapm a n, H e rbon, M o r e n o , T o d d , T a y lo r , S a e n z , J o n e s , R o d r ig u e z , H a rta r c y c h , a n d S a lc id o . A cco rd i n g l y, w e affi rm th e d i stri ctco u rt ’ s d i sm i ssal o f Jo n ath an ’ s cl ai m s ag ai n st th e s e d e f e n d a n ts . Se e Un i te d

S ta te s v . Ka ma , 394 F . 3d 1236, 1238 ( 9th C i r . 2005) ( “ G e ne r a l l y , a n i s s ue i s w a i ve d w he n the appe l l a ntdoe s nots pe c i f i c a l l ya nd di st i nct l y argue the i ss ue i n h i s or herop eni ng bri ef . ”) . 4 . T he di s tr i c tc ourtdi d note rri n di s m i s s i ng J ona tha n’ s c l a i m s a ga i ns tthe C ounty of

L os A nge l e s a nd the L os A nge l e s C ountyP r oba t i on D e pa rtm e nt5

( c ol l e c t i ve l y “ the C ounty ” ) . J ona tha n’ s c l a i m tha tthe C ountyha d a“ pol i c yor pr a c t i c e ” of

f a i l i ng t o w a rn m i nor s abouts na ke s i s notpl aus i bl e a s thi s a l l e ga t i on i s r e pe a t e dl y c ontr a di c t e d by othe ra l l e ga t i ons i n J ona tha n’ s c om pl a i nta nd the a tt a c hm e nt s t o J ona tha n’ s c om pl a i nt . J ona tha n’ s c l a i m tha tthe C ountyi s l i abl e f or f a i l i ng t o tr a i n i t s e m pl oy e e s i s a l s o notpl aus i bl e on i t s f a c e , a s the r e i s no al l egat i on thatsugg es t s C ou nty pol i cy m aker s had “ ac tual or construct i ve no t i ce ” th a t its p o lic ie s w e r e d e f ic ie n t. See C onni c k

v . T hom ps on , 131 S . C t . 1350, 1360 ( 2 0 1 1 ) ( h o ld in g th a t, to p r e v a il o n a“f a ilu r e - to - tr a in ” a lle g a tio n a g a in s t a m uni c i pa l i ty , apl a i nt i f

f m us tpr ove tha tthe m uni c i pa l i ty ’ s pol i c y m a ke r s w e r e on

“ a c tu a l o rc o n s tru c t i v e n o t i c e th a tap a rt i c u l a ro mi s s i o n i n th e i rtr a i n i n g p r o g r a m” caused the m un i ci pal i ty’ s e m pl oyee s “ t o v i ol at e c i t i ze ns’ const i tut i on al ri gh t s” ). 5. J ona tha n a r gue s tha t , be c aus e he w a s aj uve ni l e a tthe t i m e of the ra tt l es nake bi t e, hi s “ al l egat i on s of uncon st i tut i on al cond i t i on s of c on fi nem entar e go verned by the m ore prot ec t i ve st andard of the F ou rt ee nth A m endm ent , ra ther tha n the [ E i ghth] A m e ndm e nt . ” B e c aus e J ona tha n ha s f a i l e d t o i de nt i f

yhow the a n a ly s is w o u ld b e a n y d if f e r e n t u n d e rth e F o u rte e n th A m e n d m e n t, w e d e c lin e to addres s thi s i ss ue.6

The di s t r i c t c o ur t ’ s di s m i s s a lo f J o na t ha n’ s c l a i m a g a i ns tD e f e nda nt E s p i n o z a i s RE V E RS E D. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d i s mi s s a lo f J o n a t h a n ’ s c l a i ms ag ai n stth e r em ai n i n g d ef en d an ts i s A F F IR M E D . W e R E M A N D th i s c ase t o th e d i st ri ct cou rt for p roce ed i n gs con si st en t w i th th i s d i sp osi ti on . E ach p arty s h a ll b e a r it s o w n c o s t s o n a p p e a l.