Skip to main content An icon that symbolizes the United States Department of Transportation logo. United States Department of Transportation
        Report a Safety Problem

  Toggle navigation
      National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationHomepage

    Ratings
                                Recalls
                                Risky Driving
                                Road Safety
                                Vehicle Safety
      
            More Info

                      Briefing Room
          
                        
            Importing a Vehicle
          
                                      
            
            Data
          
                        
            Research
          
                        
            Laws & Regulations
          
                    
                      Vehicle Manufacturers
                      State Governments
                      Enforcement & Justice Road Safety
        Topics
      
      Road Safety
        Bicycle Safety
                              Child Safety
                              Teen Driving
                              Older Drivers
                              Motorcycle Safety
                              Pedestrian Safety
                              School Bus Safety

    Child Safety

          Language:
English
        Español

      Overview
                      You’ve spent hours researching safe cars and car seats, and finally selected the right choices for your family. You've even had your car seat inspected at an inspection station to make sure you installed it correctly. But did you know there are other dangers in and around your vehicle that could seriously harm or even kill your child?

          
                    
          
  Share:
  Facebook
  Twitter
  LinkedIn
  Mail

                                Safety Facts

                                                  960+
      Children have died due to vehicular heatstroke since 1998
      Source
                                  1,184
      Children (14 and younger) died in traffic crashes in 2021
      Source

        How to Prevent Hot Car Deaths

        Child Safety
                                                                                                              The Topic
                                                                                NHTSA In Action
                                                                                Resources

      Keeping Kids Safe
                                      Heatstroke
                                      Backover
                                      Power Windows
                                      Seat Belt Entanglement
                                      Trunk Entrapment
                                      Vehicle Rollaway

        Child Safety
      The Topic
                      
                                              Keeping Kids Safe
                                                          Heatstroke
                                                          Backover
                                                          Power Windows
                                                          Seat Belt Entanglement
                                                          Trunk Entrapment
                                                          Vehicle Rollaway
                                                                              NHTSA In Action
                                                                              Resources

                    The Topic
                  

                  Keeping Kids Safe
          
          
    
  
       
  
Related Topics
		Car Seats and Booster Seats

 
    School Bus Safety
   
  Find out how to keep your child safe in and around your vehicle. We offer prevention tips and information about vehicle features to avoid rollaway, backover, heatstroke, and other dangers to children.The Topic
                  

                  Heatstroke
          
          
    
  
       
  Heatstroke is one of the leading causes of non-crash vehicle-related fatalities among children. Vehicle heatstroke occurs when a child is left in a hot vehicle, allowing for the child’s temperature to rise in a quick and deadly manner. Heatstroke begins when the core body temperature reaches about 104 degrees and the thermoregulatory system is overwhelmed. A core body temperature of about 107 degrees is lethal. Unfortunately, even great parents can forget a child in the back seat. Other risk factors include caregivers who aren’t used to driving kids, or whose routine suddenly changes.

Whether you’re a parent, caregiver, or bystander of a child left in a car, it’s vitally important to understand children are more vulnerable to heatstroke than adults.

Prevention Tips

Look before you lock. Make it a habit to look before you lock, and try these tips to avoid putting children at risk of heatstroke.
	Keep your vehicle locked and keep your keys out of reach; nearly 3 in 10 heatstroke deaths happen when an unattended child gains access to a vehicle.
	TAKE ACTION if you notice a child alone in a car! Protecting children is everyone’s business—learn what to do if you see a child alone in a car.What You Need to Know, Now.

It is never okay to leave a child alone in or around a car for any reason. See how much you know about preventing child heatstroke.
	Even in cooler temperatures, your vehicle can heat up to dangerous temperatures very quickly. An outside temperature in the mid-60s can cause a vehicle’s inside temperature to rise above 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The inside temperature of your car can rise almost 20 degrees Fahrenheit within the first 10 minutes.
	Heatstroke does not only occur during the summertime or in the Sun Belt States. This deadly issue can occur at any time of year, in any weather condition, in any community—for any parent.The Topic
                  

                  Backover
          
          
    
  
       
  Many children are killed or seriously injured in backover incidents. A backover incident typically occurs when a vehicle coming out of a driveway or parking space backs over an unattended child because the driver did not see him or her.

Prevention Tips

Teach children not to play in or around cars.
	Always walk around your vehicle and check the area around it before backing up.
	Be aware of small children—the smaller a child, the more likely it is you will not see them.
	Teach children to move away from a vehicle when a driver gets in it or if the car is started.
	Have children in the area stand to the side of the driveway or sidewalk so you can see them as you are backing out of a driveway or parking space.
	Make sure to look behind you while backing up slowly in case a child dashes behind your vehicle unexpectedly.
	Roll down your windows while backing out of your driveway or parking space so that you'll be able to hear what is happening outside of your vehicle.
	Teach your children to keep their toys and bikes out of the driveway.
	Because kids can move unpredictably, you should actively check your mirrors while backing up.
	Many cars are equipped with detection devices that provide rearview video or warning sounds, but they cannot completely take the place of actively walking around your car to make sure children are safely out of the way. Do not rely solely on these devices to detect what is behind your vehicle.What You Need to Know, Now.

Backover can happen when you least expect it. Never leave a child alone in or around a vehicle.The Topic
                  

                  Power Windows
          
          
    
  
       
  Children can hurt themselves with power windows. Many kids are injured when a window closes on their finger, wrist, or hand. Some kids have been strangled by power windows.

Prevention Tips

Teach your children not to play with window switches.
	Teach your children not to stand on passenger door arm rests.
	Properly restrain your children in car seats or seat belts to prevent them from accidentally activating power windows and sunroofs.
	Look and make sure your kids' hands, feet, and head, are clear of windows before raising the windows.
	Never leave the key in the ignition or in the "on" or "accessory" position when you walk away from your car.
	If available, activate the power window lock switch so that your children cannot play with the windows.What You Need to Know, Now.

Your car may have child safety settings for power windows, but that doesn’t mean your child will not find a way to test the system. Never leave your children alone in a vehicle for any reason.
	All model year 2010 vehicles and newer will have "pull to close" switches, which require you to pull up on them to close the window. Older vehicles may have window switches that a child can accidentally step or put weight on, easily causing a window to close.
	Some vehicles have power windows that automatically reverse when an object (such as your child's arm or neck) is in the path of a closing window. Check both the individual vehicle rating pages on nhtsa.gov and your owner's manual to see if a vehicle is equipped with this safety technology.The Topic
                  

                  Seat Belt Entanglement
          
          
    
  
       
  
Related Topic
		Seat Belts
   
  A child within reach of a seat belt may become entangled if he or she pulls the seat belt all the way out and wraps the belt around his or her head, neck, or waist.

The majority of seat belts have a locking mechanism that is activated when the seat belt is pulled all the way out from the retractor. This feature is designed for car seat installation. In instances when the locking feature activates, the child may not be able to free him or herself.

This can happen if you do not properly restrain your child, for example, if you let the child lie down or sleep on the vehicle seat instead of being properly restrained. Older children who are no longer in a car seat can become entangled by pulling a seat belt all the way out of the retractor or by playing with an unused seat belt.

 
  

      How to Use a Seat Belt
              
          Watch the video
    

 
  Prevention Tips

Do not let children play in or around cars.
	Always ensure children are properly restrained.
	Teach children that seat belts are not toys.
	Be aware that some seat belts have a retractor that locks if pulled all the way out.
	If a child has an unused seat belt within reach, buckle unused seat belts. Pull the seat belt out all the way to the end without yanking. Then, feed the excess webbing back into the retractor.What You Need to Know, Now.

Seat belt entanglement can happen in the blink of an eye. Never leave your children alone in or around a vehicle for any reason.The Topic
                  

                  Trunk Entrapment
          
          
    
  
       
  Children are naturally curious and love to explore their surroundings. If you leave your kids unattended, in or near a vehicle, it may not be long before they are playing in it. Hide and seek can turn deadly if they get trapped in the trunk, where temperatures can rise very quickly—resulting in heatstroke or asphyxiation.

As of September 1, 2001, automobile manufacturers are required to equip all new vehicle trunks with a 'glow in the dark' trunk release inside the trunk compartment. Show your kids how to use the release in case of an emergency. If your car is older and does not have the 'glow in the dark' trunk release, ask your automobile dealership about getting your vehicle retrofitted with a trunk release mechanism.

Prevention Tips

Teach children that vehicle trunks are for cargo, not for playing.
	Check the trunk right away if your child is missing.
	Lock your car doors and trunk and be sure keys and remote entry devices are out of sight and reach of your kids.
	Keep the rear fold-down seats closed/locked to keep your children from climbing into the trunk from inside your car.What You Need to Know, Now.

Many factors can contribute to trunk entrapment injury or death. Always supervise your child and never leave him or her alone in or around a vehicle for any reason.
	Younger children are more sensitive to heat than older children and adults, and are at greater risk for heatstroke.
	High temperature, humidity, and poor ventilation create an extremely dangerous environment in a vehicle trunk.
	Check the trunk right away if your child is missing.
	Trunk entrapment has similar risks to heatstroke: Even in cooler temperatures, your vehicle can heat up to dangerous temperatures very quickly. An outside temperature in the mid-60s can cause a vehicle’s inside temperature to rise above 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The inside temperature of your car can rise almost 20 degrees Fahrenheit within the first 10 minutes.The Topic
                  

                  Vehicle Rollaway
          
          
    
  
       
  
Related Topic
		Teen Driving
   
  Brake Transmission Safety Interlock (BTSI) is a system that requires the service brake to be depressed before the transmission can be shifted out of “park.” Before the introduction of BTSI, it was possible to shift vehicles with automatic transmissions "out of park." Unfortunately, this safety risk could occur even if the vehicle's engine was off or in accessory mode, the driver's foot was not on the brake, and the key was in the ignition. This often led to vehicle rollaway, particularly with unsupervised children playing in vehicles.

BTSI was gradually added to new cars until it was finally required in all vehicles by Model Year 2010. As a result, this type of vehicle rollaway, while possible, is increasingly uncommon. However, vehicle rollaway can still be a problem in vehicles equipped with a keyless ignition or push-button start feature when the vehicle has been turned off and not shifted into park. This is why it is essential to always engage your emergency brake every time you park, regardless of the presence (or lack of) BTSI technology.

Prevention Tips

Always ensure the vehicle is securely in the Park position before shutting the vehicle off and exiting.
	Supervise children carefully when in and around vehicles.
	Keep vehicle locked when unattended.
	Never leave keys in the car.
	Verify whether your vehicle has BTSI by reading the owner's manual.What You Need to Know, Now.

Vehicle rollaway can happen in an instant. Always supervise children and never leave them alone in or around a vehicle for any reason.
	When the vehicle is set in motion, a driver may try to jump into the rolling vehicle in an attempt to stop it, only to be injured or run over. Children can also be hurt inside the vehicle, especially if they are unbelted and the vehicle is in motion. Sometimes, the vehicle may end up running over someone else or into other vehicles. Safety equipment such as air bags are not operational when the vehicle is in the Off position.
	All vehicles with automatic transmission and a Park position, manufactured for sale after September 1, 2010, must have BTSI.
	A small but growing number of new vehicles have an automatic Shift-to-Park function which is a safety feature intended to prevent vehicles from accidentally being turned off without Park being engaged. Should the vehicle be turned off before being placed into Park, the vehicle will automatically shift the transmission to the Park position.
                NHTSA In Action
                  

                  NHTSA is dedicated to promoting safe behaviors on our nation’s roads
          
          
    
  
       
  Keeping children safe extends beyond car seats. NHTSA works to prevent the injury and death of children in and around vehicles by providing educational information to parents and caregivers, and through our different prevention campaigns.

But we need your help: First, it is imperative to never leave children alone in or around a vehicle, for any reason. It can only take a minute for one of these vehicle risks to seriously injure or kill your child. Second, we need to work together to teach children the dangers of playing in and around cars. Teaching vehicle safety will go many miles in the efforts to keep kids safe.
                Search for more resources
    
        Explore other topics in Road Safety
            Bicycle Safety
                                                          Child Safety
                                                          Teen Driving
                                                          Older Drivers
                                                          Motorcycle Safety
                                                          Pedestrian Safety
                                                          School Bus Safety
 NHTSA Information
              
              About NHTSA
          Careers & Internships
          Contact Us
          Recall Information
          Report a Safety ProblemInformation For
              
              Vehicle Manufacturers
          State Governments
          Enforcement & JusticeNHTSA Sites
              
        SaferCar App
          TrafficSafetyMarketing.gov
          EMS.gov
          911.gov
            Website Information
              
        Web Policies & Notices
          Accessibility
          FOIA
          Privacy Policy
          Information Quality
          Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
          No Fear Act Data
          Ethics
          Civil Rights
          Office of Inspector General
          OIG Hotline
          BusinessUSA
          USA.gov
          WhiteHouse.gov

            National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration
              1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
                Washington, D.C. 20590
              888-327-4236888-275-9171 (TTY)
              Twitter
                LinkedIn
                Facebook
                Youtube
                Instagram
        Submit Feedback >