II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 969 

To amend the Public Health Service Act with respect to preparation for 

an influenza pandemic, including an avian influenza pandemic, and for 

other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

APRIL 28, 2005 

Mr. OBAMA introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To amend the Public Health Service Act with respect to 

preparation for an influenza pandemic, including an 

avian influenza pandemic, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Attacking Viral Influ5 enza Across Nations Act of 2005’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) The Department of Health and Human 

9 Services reports that an influenza pandemic has a 
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1 greater potential to cause rapid increases in death 

2 and illness than virtually any other natural health 

3 threat. 

4 (2) Three pandemics occurred during the 20th 

5 century: the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918, the 

6 Asian flu pandemic in 1957, and the Hong Kong flu 

7 pandemic in 1968. The Spanish flu pandemic was 

8 the most severe, causing over 500,000 deaths in the 

9 United States and more than 20,000,000 deaths 

10 worldwide. 

11 (3) The Centers for Disease Control and Pre12 vention has estimated conservatively that up to 

13 207,000 Americans would die, and up to 734,000 

14 would be hospitalized, during the next pandemic. 

15 The costs of the pandemic, including the total direct 

16 costs associated with medical care and indirect costs 

17 of lost productivity and death, are estimated at be18 tween $71,000,000,000 and $166,500,000,000. 

19 These costs do not include the economic effects of 

20 pandemic on commerce and society. 

21 (4) Recent studies suggest that avian influenza 

22 strains, which are endemic in wild birds and poultry 

23 populations in some countries, are becoming increas24 ingly capable of causing severe disease in humans 

25 and are likely to cause the next pandemic flu. 
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1 (5) In 2004, 8 nations—Thailand, Vietnam, In2 donesia, Japan, Laos, China, Cambodia, and the Re3 public of Korea—experienced outbreaks of avian flu 

4 (H5N1) among poultry flocks. Cases of human in5 fections were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam 

6 (including a possible human-to-human infection in 

7 Thailand). 

8 (6) As of April 15, 2005, 88 confirmed human 

9 cases of avian influenza (H5N1) have been reported, 

10 51 of which resulted in death. Of these cases, 68 

11 were in Vietnam, 17 in Thailand, and 3 in Cam12 bodia. 

13 (7) On February 21, 2005, Dr. Julie 

14 Gerberding, Director of the Centers for Disease 

15 Control and Prevention, stated that ‘‘this is a very 

16 ominous situation for the globe . . . the most impor17 tant threat we are facing right now.’’. 

18 (8) On February 23, 2005, Dr. Shigeru Omi, 

19 Asia regional director of the World Health Organiza20 tion (WHO), stated with respect to the avian flu, 

21 ‘‘We at WHO believe that the world is now in the 

22 gravest possible danger of a pandemic.’’. 

23 (9) The best defense against influenza 

24 pandemics is a heightened global surveillance sys25 tem. In many of the nations where avian flu (H5N1) 
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1 has become endemic the early detection capabilities 

2 are severely lacking, as is the transparency in the 

3 health systems. 

4 (10) In addition to surveillance, pandemic pre5 paredness requires domestic and international co6 ordination and cooperation to ensure an adequate 

7 medical response, including communication and in8 formation networks, public health measures to pre9 vent spread, use of vaccination and antivirals, provi10 sion of health outpatient and inpatient services, and 

11 maintenance of core public functions. 

12 SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

13 ACT. 

14 Title XXI of the Public Health Service Act (42 

15 U.S.C. 300aa–1 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 

16 the following: 

17 ‘‘Subtitle 3—Pandemic Influenza 

18 Preparedness 

19 ‘‘SEC. 2141. DEFINITION. 

20 ‘‘For purposes of this subtitle, the term ‘State’ shall 

21 have the meaning given such term in section 2(f) and shall 

22 include Indian tribes and tribal organizations (as defined 

23 in section 4(b) and 4(c) of the Indian Self-Determination 

24 and Education Assistance Act). 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 2142. PROPOSAL FOR INTERNATIONAL FUND TO SUP2 PORT PANDEMIC INFLUENZA CONTROL. 

3 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary should submit to 

4 the Director of the World Health Organization a proposal 

5 to study the feasibility of establishing a fund, (referred 

6 to in this section as the ‘Pandemic Fund’) to support pan7 demic influenza control and relief activities conducted in 

8 countries affected by pandemic influenza, including pan9 demic avian influenza. 

10 ‘‘(b) CONTENT OF PROPOSAL.—The proposal sub11 mitted under subsection (a) shall describe, with respect 

12 to the Pandemic Fund— 

13 ‘‘(1) funding sources; 

14 ‘‘(2) administration; 

15 ‘‘(3) application process by which a country 

16 may apply to receive assistance from such Fund; 

17 ‘‘(4) factors used to make a determination re18 garding a submitted application, which may in19 clude— 

20 ‘‘(A) the gross domestic product of the ap21 plicant country; 

22 ‘‘(B) the burden of need, as determined by 

23 human morbidity and mortality and economic 

24 impact related to pandemic influenza and the 

25 existing capacity and resources of the applicant 
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1 country to control the spread of the disease; 

2 and 

3 ‘‘(C) the willingness of the country to co4 operate with other countries with respect to 

5 preventing and controlling the spread of the 

6 pandemic influenza; and 

7 ‘‘(5) any other information the Secretary deter8 mines necessary. 

9 ‘‘(c) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds from any Pandemic 

10 Fund established as provided for in this section shall be 

11 used to complement and augment ongoing bilateral pro12 grams and activities from the United States and other 

13 donor nations. 

14 ‘‘SEC. 2143. POLICY COORDINATING COMMITTEE ON PAN15 DEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS. 

16 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established the Pan17 demic Influenza Preparedness Policy Coordinating Com18 mittee (referred to in this section as the ‘Committee’). 

19 ‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 

20 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Committee shall be 

21 composed of— 

22 ‘‘(A) the Secretary; 

23 ‘‘(B) the Secretary of Agriculture; 

24 ‘‘(C) the Secretary of State; 

25 ‘‘(D) the Secretary of Defense; 
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1 ‘‘(E) the Secretary of Commerce; 

2 ‘‘(F) the Administrator of the Environ3 mental Protection Agency; 

4 ‘‘(G) the Secretary of Transportation; 

5 ‘‘(H) the Secretary of Homeland Security; 

6 ‘‘(I) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; and 

7 ‘‘(J) other representatives as determined 

8 appropriate by the Co-Chairs of the Committee. 

9 ‘‘(2) CO-CHAIRS.—The Secretary and the Sec10 retary of Agriculture shall serve as the Co-Chairs of 

11 the Committee. 

12 ‘‘(3) TERM.—The members of the Committee 

13 shall serve for the life of the Committee. 

14 ‘‘(c) MEETINGS.— 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Committee shall meet 

16 not less often than 2 times per year at the call of 

17 the Co-Chairs or as determined necessary by the 

18 President. 

19 ‘‘(2) REPRESENTATION.—A member of the 

20 Committee under subsection (b) may designate a 

21 representative to participate in Committee meetings, 

22 but such representative shall hold the position of at 

23 least an assistant secretary or equivalent position. 

24 ‘‘(d) DUTIES OF THE COMMITTEE.— 
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1 ‘‘(1) PREPAREDNESS PLANS.—Each member of 

2 the Committee shall submit to the Committee a pan3 demic influenza preparedness plan for the agency in4 volved that describes— 

5 ‘‘(A) initiatives and proposals by such 

6 member to address pandemic influenza (includ7 ing avian influenza) preparedness; and 

8 ‘‘(B) any activities and coordination with 

9 international entities related to such initiatives 

10 and proposals. 

11 ‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY PLAN AND RECOMMENDA12 TIONS.— 

13 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.— 

14 ‘‘(i) PREPAREDNESS PLAN.—Based on 

15 the preparedness plans described under 

16 paragraph (1), and not later than 90 days 

17 after the date of enactment of the Pan18 demic Influenza Preparedness Act of 2005, 

19 the Committee shall develop an Inter20 agency Preparedness Plan that integrates 

21 and coordinates such preparedness plans. 

22 ‘‘(ii) CONTENT OF PLAN.—The Inter23 agency Preparedness Plan under clause (i) 

24 shall include a description of— 
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1 ‘‘(I) departmental or agency re2 sponsibility and accountability for 

3 each component of such plan; 

4 ‘‘(II) funding requirements and 

5 sources; 

6 ‘‘(III) international collaboration 

7 and coordination efforts; and 

8 ‘‘(IV) recommendations and a 

9 timeline for implementation of such 

10 plan. 

11 ‘‘(B) REPORT.— 

12 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Committee 

13 shall submit to the President and Con14 gress, and make available to the public, a 

15 report that includes the Interagency Pre16 paredness Plan. 

17 ‘‘(ii) UPDATED REPORT.—The Com18 mittee shall submit to the President and 

19 Congress, and make available to the public, 

20 on a biannual basis, an update of the re21 port that includes a description of— 

22 ‘‘(I) progress made toward plan 

23 implementation, as described under 

24 clause (i); and 
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1 ‘‘(II) progress of the domestic 

2 preparedness programs under section 

3 2144 and of the international assist4 ance programs under section 2145. 

5 ‘‘(C) CONSULTATION WITH INTER6 NATIONAL ENTITIES.—In developing the pre7 paredness plans described under subparagraph 

8 (A) and the report under subparagraph (B), the 

9 Committee may consult with representatives 

10 from the World Health Organization, the World 

11 Organization for Animal Health, and other 

12 international bodies, as appropriate. 

13 ‘‘SEC. 2144. DOMESTIC PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPARED14 NESS ACTIVITIES. 

15 ‘‘(a) PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES.—The 

16 Secretary shall strengthen, expand, and coordinate domes17 tic pandemic influenza preparedness activities. 

18 ‘‘(b) STATE PREPAREDNESS PLAN.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As a condition of receiving 

20 funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Pre21 vention or the Health Resources and Services Ad22 ministration related to bioterrorism, a State shall— 

23 ‘‘(A) designate an official or office as re24 sponsible for pandemic influenza preparedness; 
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1 ‘‘(B) submit to the Director of the Centers 

2 for Disease Control and Prevention a Pandemic 

3 Influenza Preparedness Plan described under 

4 paragraph (2); and 

5 ‘‘(C) have such Preparedness Plan ap6 proved in accordance with this subsection. 

7 ‘‘(2) PREPAREDNESS PLAN.— 

8 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Pandemic Influ9 enza Preparedness Plan required under para10 graph (1) shall address— 

11 ‘‘(i) human and animal surveillance 

12 activities, including capacity for epidemio13 logical analysis, isolation and subtyping of 

14 influenza viruses year-round, including for 

15 avian influenza among domestic poultry, 

16 and reporting of information across human 

17 and veterinary sectors; 

18 ‘‘(ii) methods to ensure surge capacity 

19 in hospitals, laboratories, outpatient 

20 healthcare provider offices, medical sup21 pliers, and communication networks; 

22 ‘‘(iii) assisting the recruitment and 

23 coordination of national and State volun24 teer banks of healthcare professionals; 
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1 ‘‘(iv) distribution of vaccines, 

2 antivirals, and other treatments to priority 

3 groups, and monitor effectiveness and ad4 verse events; 

5 ‘‘(v) networks that provide alerts and 

6 other information for healthcare providers 

7 and organizations at the National, State, 

8 and regional level; 

9 ‘‘(vi) communication with the public 

10 with respect to prevention and obtaining 

11 care during pandemic influenza; 

12 ‘‘(vii) maintenance of core public 

13 functions, including public utilities, refuse 

14 disposal, mortuary services, transportation, 

15 police and firefighter services, and other 

16 critical services; 

17 ‘‘(viii) provision of security for— 

18 ‘‘(I) first responders and other 

19 medical personnel and volunteers; 

20 ‘‘(II) hospitals, treatment cen21 ters, and isolation and quarantine 

22 areas; 

23 ‘‘(III) transport and delivery of 

24 resources, including vaccines, medica25 tions and other supplies; and 
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1 ‘‘(IV) other persons or functions 

2 as determined appropriate by the Sec3 retary; 

4 ‘‘(ix) the acquisition of necessary legal 

5 authority for pandemic activities; 

6 ‘‘(x) integration with existing na7 tional, State, and regional bioterrorism 

8 preparedness activities or infrastructure; 

9 ‘‘(xi) coordination among public and 

10 private health sectors with respect to 

11 healthcare delivery, including mass vac12 cination and treatment systems, during 

13 pandemic influenza; and 

14 ‘‘(xii) coordination with Federal pan15 demic influenza preparedness activities. 

16 ‘‘(B) UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS.—The 

17 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan required 

18 under paragraph (1) shall include a specific 

19 focus on surveillance, prevention, and medical 

20 care for traditionally underserved populations, 

21 including low-income, racial and ethnic minor22 ity, immigrant, and uninsured populations. 

23 ‘‘(3) APPROVAL OF STATE PLAN.— 

24 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 

25 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 
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1 collaboration with the Secretary of Agriculture 

2 and the Administrator of the Health Resources 

3 and Services Administration, shall develop cri4 teria to rate State Pandemic Influenza Pre5 paredness Plans required under paragraph (1) 

6 and determine the minimum rating needed for 

7 approval. 

8 ‘‘(B) TIMING OF APPROVAL.—Not later 

9 than 180 days after a State submits a State 

10 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan as re11 quired under paragraph (1), the Director of the 

12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

13 shall make a determination regarding approval 

14 of such Plan. 

15 ‘‘(4) REPORTING OF STATE PLAN.—All Pan16 demic Influenza Preparedness Plans submitted and 

17 approved under this section shall be made available 

18 to the public. 

19 ‘‘(5) ASSISTANCE TO STATES.—The Centers for 

20 Disease Control and Prevention and the Health Re21 sources and Services Administration may provide as22 sistance to States in carrying out this subsection, or 

23 implementing an approved State Pandemic Influenza 

24 Preparedness Plan, which may include the detail of 
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1 an officer to approved domestic pandemic sites or 

2 the purchase of equipment and supplies. 

3 ‘‘(6) WAIVER.—The Secretary may grant a 

4 temporary waiver of 1 or more of the requirements 

5 under this subsection. 

6 ‘‘(c) DOMESTIC SURVEILLANCE.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordina8 tion with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish 

9 minimum thresholds for States with respect to ade10 quate surveillance for pandemic influenza, including 

11 possible pandemic avian influenza. 

12 ‘‘(2) ASSISTANCE TO STATES.— 

13 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in co14 ordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, 

15 shall provide assistance to States and regions to 

16 meet the minimum thresholds established under 

17 paragraph (1). 

18 ‘‘(B) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance 

19 provided to States under subparagraph (A) may 

20 include— 

21 ‘‘(i) the establishment or expansion of 

22 State surveillance and alert systems, in23 cluding the Sentinel Physician Surveillance 

24 System and 122 Cities Mortalities Report 

25 System; 
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1 ‘‘(ii) the provision of equipment and 

2 supplies; 

3 ‘‘(iii) support for epidemiological anal4 ysis and investigation of novel strains; 

5 ‘‘(iv) the sharing of biological speci6 mens and epidemiological and clinical data 

7 within and across States; and 

8 ‘‘(v) other activities determined appro9 priate by the Secretary. 

10 ‘‘(3) DETAIL OF OFFICERS.—The Secretary 

11 may detail officers to States for technical assistance 

12 as needed to carry out this subsection. 

13 ‘‘(d) PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT.— 

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting 

15 through the Director of the Centers for Disease 

16 Control and Prevention and the Administrator of the 

17 Health Resources and Services Administration, and 

18 in coordination with private sector entities, shall in19 tegrate and coordinate public and private influenza 

20 surveillance activities, as appropriate. 

21 ‘‘(2) GRANT PROGRAM.— 

22 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 

23 activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary 

24 may establish a grant program to provide 

25 grants to eligible entities to coordinate pan-
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1 demic preparedness surveillance activities be2 tween States and private health sector entities, 

3 including health plans and other health sys4 tems. 

5 ‘‘(B) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to re6 ceive a grant under subparagraph (A), an entity 

7 shall— 

8 ‘‘(i) submit an application at such 

9 time, in such manner, and containing such 

10 information as the Secretary may require; 

11 and 

12 ‘‘(ii) be a State with a collaborative 

13 relationship with a private health system 

14 organization or institution. 

15 ‘‘(C) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds under a 

16 grant under subparagraph (A) may be used 

17 to— 

18 ‘‘(i) develop and implement surveil19 lance protocols for patients in outpatient 

20 and hospital settings; 

21 ‘‘(ii) establish a communication alert 

22 plan for patients for reportable signs and 

23 symptoms that may suggest influenza; 

24 ‘‘(iii) purchase necessary equipment 

25 and supplies; 
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1 ‘‘(iv) increase laboratory testing and 

2 networking capacity; 

3 ‘‘(v) conduct epidemiological and 

4 other analyses; or 

5 ‘‘(vi) report and disseminate data. 

6 ‘‘(D) DETAIL OF OFFICERS.—The Sec7 retary may detail officers to grantees under 

8 subparagraph (A) for technical assistance. 

9 ‘‘(E) REQUIREMENT.—As a condition of 

10 receiving a grant under subparagraph (A), a 

11 State shall have a plan to meet minimum 

12 thresholds for State influenza surveillance es13 tablished by the Director of the Centers for 

14 Disease Control and Prevention in coordination 

15 with the Secretary of Agriculture under sub16 section (b). 

17 ‘‘(e) TEMPORARY FACILITY.—The Secretary may es18 tablish a temporary Federal facility or body to coordinate 

19 Federal support and assistance to States and localities, 

20 activities across Federal agencies or departments, or di21 rect implementation of Federal authorities and respon22 sibilities when appropriate under Federal law or when 

23 State and local actions to address the pandemic or threat 

24 of pandemic are deemed insufficient by the Secretary or 
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1 Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Preven2 tion. 

3 ‘‘(f) PROCUREMENT OF ANTIVIRALS FOR THE STRA4 TEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.—The Secretary shall deter5 mine the minimum number of doses of antivirals needed 

6 to prevent infection or treat infection during pandemic in7 fluenza, including possible pandemic avian influenza, for 

8 health professionals (including doctors, nurses, mental 

9 health professionals, pharmacists, veterinarians, labora10 tory personnel, epidemiologists, virologists and public 

11 health practitioners), core public utility employees, and 

12 those persons expected to be at high risk for serious mor13 bidity and mortality from pandemic influenza, and take 

14 immediate steps to procure this minimum number of doses 

15 for the Strategic National Stockpile described under sec16 tion 319F–2. 

17 ‘‘(g) PROCUREMENT OF VACCINES FOR THE STRA18 TEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.—Subject to development 

19 and testing of potential vaccines for pandemic influenza, 

20 including possible pandemic avian influenza, the Secretary 

21 shall determine the minimum number of doses of vaccines 

22 needed to prevent infection during at least the first wave 

23 of pandemic influenza for health professionals (including 

24 doctors, nurses, mental health professionals, pharmacists, 

25 veterinarians, laboratory personnel, epidemiologists, virol-
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1 ogists and public health practitioners), core public utility 

2 employees, and those persons expected to be at high risk 

3 for serious morbidity and mortality from pandemic influ4 enza, and take immediate steps to procure this minimum 

5 number of doses for the Strategic National Stockpile de6 scribed under section 319F–2. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 2145. INTERNATIONAL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA AS8 SISTANCE. 

9 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall assist other 

10 countries in preparation for, and response to, pandemic 

11 influenza, including possible pandemic avian influenza. 

12 ‘‘(b) INTERNATIONAL SURVEILLANCE.— 

13 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting 

14 through the Director of the Centers for Disease 

15 Control and Prevention, and in collaboration with 

16 the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the 

17 World Health Organization and the World Organiza18 tion for Animal Health, shall establish minimum 

19 standards for surveillance capacity for all countries 

20 with respect to pandemic influenza, including pos21 sible pandemic avian influenza. 

22 ‘‘(2) ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary and the Sec23 retary of Agriculture shall assist other countries to 

24 meet the standards established in paragraph (1) 

25 through— 
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1 ‘‘(A) the detail of officers to foreign coun2 tries for the provision of technical assistance or 

3 training; 

4 ‘‘(B) laboratory testing, including testing 

5 of specimens for viral isolation or subtype anal6 ysis; 

7 ‘‘(C) epidemiological analysis and inves8 tigation of novel strains; 

9 ‘‘(D) provision of equipment or supplies; 

10 ‘‘(E) coordination of surveillance activities 

11 within and among countries; 

12 ‘‘(F) the establishment and maintenance of 

13 an Internet database that is accessible to health 

14 officials domestically and internationally, for 

15 the purpose of reporting new cases or clusters 

16 of influenza and under information that may 

17 help avert the pandemic spread of influenza; 

18 and 

19 ‘‘(G) other activities as determined nec20 essary by the Secretary. 

21 ‘‘(c) INCREASED INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CAPAC22 ITY DURING PANDEMIC INFLUENZA.—The Secretary, in 

23 consultation with the Secretary of State, may provide vac24 cines, antiviral medications, and supplies to foreign coun-
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1 tries from the Strategic National Stockpile described 

2 under section 319F–2. 

3 ‘‘(d) ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.—The 

4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the 

5 Health Resources and Services Administration may pro6 vide assistance to foreign countries in carrying out this 

7 section, which may include the detail of an officer to ap8 proved international pandemic sites or the purchase of 

9 equipment and supplies. 

10 ‘‘SEC. 2146. PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS CAM11 PAIGN. 

12 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Centers for 

13 Disease Control and Prevention, in consultation with the 

14 United States Agency for International Development, the 

15 World Health Organization, the World Organization for 

16 Animal Health, and foreign countries, shall develop an 

17 outreach campaign with respect to public education and 

18 awareness of influenza and influenza preparedness. 

19 ‘‘(b) DETAILS OF CAMPAIGN.—The campaign estab20 lished under subsection (a) shall— 

21 ‘‘(1) be culturally and linguistically appropriate 

22 for domestic populations; 

23 ‘‘(2) be adaptable for use in foreign countries; 

24 ‘‘(3) target high-risk populations (those most 

25 likely to contract, transmit, and die from influenza); 
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1 ‘‘(4) promote personal influenza precautionary 

2 measures and knowledge, and the need for general 

3 vaccination, as appropriate; and 

4 ‘‘(5) describe precautions at the State and local 

5 level that could be implemented during pandemic in6 fluenza, including quarantine and other measures. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 2147. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. 

8 ‘‘The Secretary, directly or through contract, and in 

9 consultation with professional health and medical soci10 eties, shall develop and disseminate pandemic influenza 

11 training curricula— 

12 ‘‘(1) to educate and train health professionals, 

13 including physicians, nurses, public health practi14 tioners, virologists and epidemiologists, veterinar15 ians, mental health providers, allied health profes16 sionals, and paramedics and other first responders; 

17 ‘‘(2) to educate and train volunteer, non-med18 ical personnel whose assistance may be required dur19 ing a pandemic influenza outbreak; and 

20 ‘‘(3) that address prevention, including use of 

21 quarantine and other isolation precautions, pan22 demic influenza diagnosis, medical guidelines for use 

23 of antivirals and vaccines, and professional require24 ments and responsibilities, as appropriate. 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 2148. RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF 

2 HEALTH. 

3 ‘‘The Director of the National Institutes of Health 

4 (referred to in this section as the ‘Director of NIH’), in 

5 collaboration with the Director of the Centers for Disease 

6 Control and Prevention, and other relevant agencies, shall 

7 expand and intensify— 

8 ‘‘(1) human and animal research, with respect 

9 to influenza, on— 

10 ‘‘(A) vaccine development and manufac11 ture, including strategies to increase 

12 immunological response; 

13 ‘‘(B) effectiveness of inducing 

14 heterosubtypic immunity; 

15 ‘‘(C) antivirals, including minimal dose or 

16 course of treatment and timing to achieve pro17 phylactic or therapeutic effect; 

18 ‘‘(D) side effects and drug safety of vac19 cines and antivirals in subpopulations; 

20 ‘‘(E) alternative routes of delivery; 

21 ‘‘(F) more efficient methods for testing 

22 and determining virus subtype; 

23 ‘‘(G) protective measures; and 

24 ‘‘(H) other areas determined appropriate 

25 by the Director of NIH; and 
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1 ‘‘(2) historical research on prior pandemics to 

2 better understand pandemic epidemiology, trans3 mission, protective measures, high-risk groups, and 

4 other lessons that may be applicable to future 

5 pandemics. 

6 ‘‘SEC. 2149. RESEARCH AT THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CON7 TROL AND PREVENTION. 

8 ‘‘The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 

9 Prevention, in collaboration with other relevant agencies, 

10 shall expand and intensify research, with respect to influ11 enza, on— 

12 ‘‘(1) communication strategies for the public 

13 during pandemic influenza, taking into consideration 

14 age, racial and ethnic background, health literacy, 

15 and risk status; 

16 ‘‘(2) changing and influencing human behavior 

17 as it relates to vaccination; and 

18 ‘‘(3) development and implementation of a pub19 lic, non-commercial and non-competitive broadcast 

20 system and person-to-person networks. 

21 ‘‘SEC. 2150. INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE STUDY ON THE LEGAL, 

22 ETHICAL, AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF 

23 PANDEMIC INFLUENZA. 

24 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall contract 

25 with the Institute of Medicine to— 
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1 ‘‘(1) study the legal, ethical, and social implica2 tions of, with respect to pandemic influenza— 

3 ‘‘(A) animal/human interchange; 

4 ‘‘(B) global surveillance; 

5 ‘‘(C) case contact investigations; 

6 ‘‘(D) vaccination and medical treatment; 

7 ‘‘(E) community hygiene; 

8 ‘‘(F) travel and border controls; 

9 ‘‘(G) decreased social mixing and increased 

10 social distance; 

11 ‘‘(H) civil confinement; and 

12 ‘‘(I) other topics as determined appropriate 

13 by the Secretary. 

14 ‘‘(2) not later than 1 year after the date of en15 actment of the Attacking Viral Influenza Across Na16 tions Act of 2005, submit to the Secretary a report 

17 that describes recommendations based on the study 

18 conducted under paragraph (1). 

19 ‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— 

20 Not later than 180 days after the submission of the report 

21 of under subsection (a)(2), the Secretary shall address the 

22 recommendations of the Institute of Medicine regarding 

23 the domestic and international allocation and distribution 

24 of pandemic influenza vaccine and antivirals. 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 2151. NATIONAL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA ECONOMICS 

2 ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 

3 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established the National 

4 Pandemic Influenza Economics Advisory Committee (re5 ferred to in this section as the ‘Committee’). 

6 ‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The members of the Com8 mittee shall be appointed by the Comptroller General 

9 of the United States and shall include domestic and 

10 international experts on pandemic influenza, public 

11 health, veterinary science, commerce, economics, fi12 nance, and international diplomacy. 

13 ‘‘(2) CHAIR.—The Comptroller General of the 

14 United States shall select a Chair from among the 

15 members of the Committee. 

16 ‘‘(c) DUTIES.—The Committee shall study and make 

17 recommendations to Congress and the Secretary on the 

18 financial and economic impact of pandemic influenza and 

19 possible financial structures for domestic and inter20 national pandemic response, relating to— 

21 ‘‘(1) the development, storage and distribution 

22 of vaccines; 

23 ‘‘(2) the storage and distribution of antiviral 

24 and other medications and supplies; 

25 ‘‘(3) increased surveillance activities; 
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1 ‘‘(4) provision of preventive and medical care 

2 during pandemic; 

3 ‘‘(5) reimbursement for health providers and 

4 other core public function employees; 

5 ‘‘(6) reasonable compensation for farmers and 

6 other workers that bear direct or disproportionate 

7 loss of revenue; and 

8 ‘‘(7) other issues determined appropriate by the 

9 Chair. 

10 ‘‘(d) COMPENSATION.— 

11 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each member of the Com12 mittee who is not an officer or employee of the Fed13 eral Government shall be compensated at a rate 

14 equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of 

15 basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive 

16 Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United 

17 States Code, for each day (including travel time) 

18 during which such member is engaged in the per19 formance of the duties of the Committee. All mem20 bers who are officers or employees of the United 

21 States shall serve without compensation in addition 

22 to that received for their services as officers or em23 ployees of the United States. 

24 ‘‘(2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—A member of the 

25 Committee shall be allowed travel expenses, includ-
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1 ing per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates author2 ized for an employee of an agency under subchapter 

3 I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while 

4 away from the home or regular place of business of 

5 the member in the performance of the duties of the 

6 Committee. 

7 ‘‘(e) STAFF.— 

8 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Chair of the Com9 mittee shall provide the Committee with such profes10 sional and clerical staff, such information, and the 

11 services of such consultants as may be necessary to 

12 assist the Committee in carrying out the functions 

13 under this section. 

14 ‘‘(2) DETAIL OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EM15 PLOYEES.— 

16 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An employee of the 

17 Federal Government may be detailed to the 

18 Committee without reimbursement. 

19 ‘‘(B) CIVIL SERVICE STATUS.—The detail 

20 of the employee shall be without interruption or 

21 loss of civil service status or privilege. 

22 ‘‘(3) PROCUREMENT OF TEMPORARY AND

23 INTERMITTENT SERVICES.—The Chair of the Com24 mittee may procure temporary and intermittent serv25 ices in accordance with section 3109(b) of title 5, 
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1 United States Code, at rates for individuals that do 

2 not exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of 

3 basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive 

4 Schedule under section 5316 of that title.’’. 

5 SEC. 4. PANDEMIC INFLUENZA AND ANIMAL HEALTH. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall 

7 expand and intensify efforts to prevent pandemic influ8 enza, including possible pandemic avian influenza. 

9 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 

10 of enactment this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall 

11 submit to Congress a report that describes the anticipated 

12 impact of pandemic influenza on the United States. 

13 (c) ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary of Agriculture, in 

14 consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human 

15 Services, the World Health Organization, and the World 

16 Organization for Animal Health, shall provide domestic 

17 and international assistance with respect to pandemic in18 fluenza preparedness to— 

19 (1) support the eradication of infectious animal 

20 diseases and zoonosis; 

21 (2) increase transparency in animal disease 

22 states; 

23 (3) collect, analyze, and disseminate veterinary 

24 data; 
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1 (4) strengthen international coordination and 

2 cooperation in the control of animal diseases; and 

3 (5) promote the safety of world trade in ani4 mals and animal products. 

5 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

6 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

7 as may be necessary to carry out this Act (and the amend8 ments made by this Act) for each of the fiscal years 2006 

9 through 2010. 

Æ