# Patent

## Title
Phosphor-containing LED light bulb

## Abstract

An LED bulb, which includes a shell, a filler material within the shell of the bulb, at least one type of phosphor dispersed inside the filler material and at least one LED within the shell.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional application Ser. No. 13/892,181, filed May 10, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/678,287, filed Jun. 16, 2010 and issued May 28, 2013 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,450,927, which is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage filing of International Patent Application No. PCT/US08/10713, filed Sep. 12, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/972,382, filed Sep. 14, 2007. The content of all of the above-referenced applications is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.


BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present invention relates to replacement of bulbs used for lighting by light emitting diode (LED) bulbs, and more particularly, to the dispersal of the phosphor used by the LEDs into the bulb in order to permit greater amounts of phosphor to be used, to permit cooler operating temperature of the phosphor, and to permit the LEDs to be run at higher power.
2. Description of Related Art
An LED consists of a semiconductor junction, which emits light due to a current flowing through the junction. A white LED is typically made by using a blue or ultraviolet LED die, and adding a plastic coat to it, the coat containing a phosphor. The phosphor is used to convert the blue or ultraviolet light emitted by the LED die to a spectrum of light that more or less closely resembles white light or blackbody radiation.
At first sight, it would seem that white LEDs should make an excellent replacement for the traditional tungsten filament incandescent bulb. At equal power, they give far more light output than do incandescent bulbs, or, what is the same thing, they use much less power for equal light; and their operational life is orders of magnitude larger, namely, 10-100 thousand hours vs. 1-2 thousand hours.
However, LEDs have a number of drawbacks that have prevented them, so far, from being widely adopted as incandescent replacements. One of these is that, although LEDs require substantially less power for a given light output than do incandescent bulbs, it still takes many watts to generate adequate light for illumination. Whereas the tungsten filament in an incandescent bulb operates at a temperature of approximately 3000K, an LED cannot be allowed to get hotter than approximately 120° C., and some are limited to even lower maximum temperatures. The LED thus has a substantial heat problem: If operated in vacuum like an incandescent, or even in air, the LED would rapidly get too hot and fail. This has limited available LED bulbs to very low power (less than approximately 3 W), producing insufficient illumination for incandescent replacements.
One of the reasons that an LED is limited to such a low maximum temperature is due to the temperature characteristics of the phosphor rather than the LED die itself. Presently known phosphors, especially those in the red, tend to degrade quite rapidly at elevated temperatures. Once degradation has occurred, the white light output of the LED is reduced, thus ending the useful life of the LED and of the LED bulb.
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention has the object of developing a light emitting apparatus utilizing light emitting diodes (LEDs), such that the above-described primary problem is effectively solved. In accordance with one embodiment, a replacement bulb for incandescent lighting having a plurality of LEDs with a light output equal in intensity to that of an incandescent bulb, and wherein the LEDs' temperature may be permitted to rise much higher than the present state-of-the-art permits. The apparatus includes a bulb-shaped shell, preferentially formed of a plastic such as polycarbonate. The shell may be transparent, or may contain materials dispersed in it to disperse the light, making it appear not to have point sources of light.
The shell is filled with a filler material, which can be a fluid, a gel, a plastic or other material, such as water or a hydrogel, which is preferentially thermally conductive. The filler material acts as a means to transfer the heat power generated by the LEDs to the shell, where it may be removed by radiation and convection, as in a normal incandescent bulb. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the filler material contains phosphor dispersed throughout the material, which changes the bluish color of the LED dice's light to a more yellowish color, more closely resembling the light from normal incandescent bulbs. It can be appreciated that in accordance with another embodiment, the filler material and phosphor material therein may also be used for changing the color emitted by other LED dice. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the filler is preferentially electrically insulating.
In accordance with one embodiment, the phosphor may be uniformly distributed throughout the filler material. The phosphor density may be set to be higher or lower than that commonly used in LEDs today, a higher density producing more total conversion of the LED dice's light.
In accordance with another embodiment, the phosphor may be distributed in the filler material with an orientation preference, wherein the orientation preference can be used to generate light that is more intense in converted light in one direction than another.
In accordance with another embodiment, different phosphors may be distributed in the filler material with an orientation preference, wherein the orientation preference can be used to generate light that is different colors in one direction than another.
According to the present invention, a phosphor is distributed in a filler inside an LED light bulb for the purpose of changing the color of the light emitted by the LED into a more desirable color for emission from the bulb. Such a color-changing application is described in detail and set forth in Stokes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,791,259 (hereinafter “the '259”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety with regard to all aspects thereof. As set forth in the '259 patent, a radiation-scattering material is located between the LEDs and the phosphor.
Such a filler is described in detail and set forth in Diamantidis, U.S. Publication No. 20070090391 (hereinafter “the '391 publication”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As set forth in the '391 publication, a liquid fluid is in contact with the light-emitting chip crystal.



DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a present state-of-the-art LED showing its construction with phosphor in its shell.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb showing the LED mounted in a filler material containing phosphor.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb showing an LED without phosphor mounted in a filler material containing phosphor.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb showing the LED mounted in a filler material containing phosphor with an orientation preference.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb showing the LED mounted in a filler material containing multiple phosphors with an orientation and location preference.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
According to the design characteristics, a detailed description of the current practice and preferred embodiments is given below.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a present state-of-the-art LED 10 showing its construction with phosphor in its shell. As shown in FIG. 1, the LED includes an LED die 30, a base 20 to which the LED die 30 is mounted for electrical and thermal connection, and a shell 40. The shell 40 is used to protect the LED die 30 from the air, forms optics for the LED die 30, and contains phosphor 50 to convert the light spectrum emitted by the LED die 30 to a more desirable spectrum.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb 60 showing the LED 10 mounted in a filler material containing phosphor. As shown in FIG. 2, the LED includes an LED die 30, a base 20 to which the LED die 30 is mounted, and a shell 40. The shell 40 is used to protect the LED die 30 from the filler material, provides optics for the LED die 30, and contains one or more phosphors 50. The shell 70 of the LED bulb 60 contains both the LED 10 and a filler material 100. The filler material contains dispersed in it phosphor 90, to convert the light spectrum emitted by the LED 10 to a more desirable spectrum. Also shown is a screw base 80, which makes contact with an electrical socket, and converts power from the electrical socket to power suitable for powering the LED.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb 60 showing an LED 10 mounted in a filler material containing phosphor. As shown in FIG. 3, the LED includes an LED die 30, a base 20, and a shell 40. The shell 40 is used to protect the LED die 30 from the filler material, and may form optics, but contains no phosphor. The shell 70 of the LED bulb 60 contains both the LED 10 and a filler material 100. Said filler material contains dispersed in it one or more phosphors 90, to convert the light spectrum emitted by the LED 10 to a more desirable spectrum. Also shown is a screw base 80, which makes contact with an electrical socket, and converts power from the electrical socket to power suitable for powering the LED.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb 60 showing the LED 10 mounted in a filler material containing phosphor with an orientation preference. As shown in FIG. 4, the LED includes an LED die 30, a base 20, and a shell 40. The shell 40 is used to protect the LED die 30 from the filler material, but contains no phosphor. The shell 70 of the LED bulb 60 contains both the LED 10 and a filler material 100. Said filler material contains dispersed in it a single phosphor 110 and 120, to convert the light spectrum emitted by the LED 10 to a more desirable spectrum. Said phosphor is not uniformly distributed in the filler material 100, but rather has a preferred orientation. Shown as an example, a portion of the phosphor 110 is concentrated towards the middle of the bulb 60, whereas another portion of the phosphor 120 is distributed throughout the rest of said bulb. Also shown is a screw base 80, which makes contact with an electrical socket, and converts power from the electrical socket to power suitable for powering the LED.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an LED bulb 60 showing the LED 10 mounted in a filler material containing multiple phosphors with an orientation and location preference. As shown in FIG. 5, the LED includes an LED die 30, a base 20, and a shell 40. The shell 40 is used to protect the LED die 30 from the filler material, but contains no phosphor. The shell 70 of the LED bulb 60 contains both the LED 10 and a filler material 100. The filler material contains in this example dispersed in it two different phosphors 110, 130 (i.e., a first and a second phosphor 111, 130), to convert the light spectrum emitted by the LED 10 to more desirable spectra. In accordance with one embodiment, the phosphors 110, 130 are not uniformly distributed in the filler material 100, but rather have a preferred orientation and location. As shown, a first phosphor 110 is preferentially distributed towards the middle of the bulb 60, whereas a second phosphor 130 is preferentially distributed towards the outside of the bulb. Also shown is a screw base 80, which makes contact with an electrical socket, and converts power from the electrical socket to power suitable for powering the LED.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variation can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. An LED bulb comprising:
a first shell having a volume defined within the first shell;
a liquid at least partially filling the volume defined within the first shell;
a first type of phosphor dispersed in the liquid; and
an LED disposed within the volume defined within the first shell, the LED comprising:
an LED die, and
a second shell enclosing the LED die, wherein the second shell:
keeps the liquid away from the LED die, and
contains a second type of phosphor.

2. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first type of phosphor is uniformly distributed throughout the liquid.

3. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first type of phosphor is non-uniformly distributed in the liquid.

4. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first type of phosphor and the second type of phosphor are different.

5. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first shell contains phosphor.

6. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 1, wherein the LED die is a blue or ultraviolet LED die.

7. An LED incandescent bulb replacement comprising:
an incandescent bulb-shaped first shell;
a liquid at least partially filling the volume defined within the first shell;
a first type of phosphor dispersed in the liquid; and
an LED disposed within the volume defined within the first shell, the LED comprising:
an LED die, and
a second shell enclosing the LED die, wherein the second shell:
keeps the liquid away from the LED die, and
contains a second type of phosphor.

8. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first type of phosphor is uniformly distributed throughout the liquid.

9. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first type of phosphor is non-uniformly distributed in the liquid.

10. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first shell contains phosphor.

11. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 7, wherein the LED die is a blue or ultraviolet LED die.

12. An LED bulb as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first type of phosphor and the second type of phosphor are different.