T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T HA ZR AT NA UM AN AFZAL, P et i t i on er , v. E R I C H . H O L D E R , J r ., A tto rn e yG e n e r a l, R e s p o n d e n t. N o. 09- 72391 A ge nc yN o. A 038- 951- 205 ME MOR AN DU M *

O n P e t i t i on f

orR e vi e w of

a n O r de rof

the B o a r d o f I m m ig r a tio n A p p e a ls A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d O c t obe r13, 2011 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: B . F L E T C H E R , R E IN H A R D T , an d T A S H IM A , C i rcu i tJu d g es. H az ra tA fz al , a nat i ve and ci t i ze n o f P aki st an, pet i t i on s f or re vi ew of a B oard of Im m i grat i on A pp ea l s ( “ B IA ”) deci si on fi nd i ng thathe w as conv i ct ed of a part i cul ar l y s er i ou s c ri m e and w as there fore i nel i gi bl e f or w i thh ol di ng of re m ov al unde r8 U . S . C . § 1231( b) ( 3) ( B ) ( i i ) , a nd de ny i ng de f e rr a l of r e m ova l unde rthe C onve nt i on A ga i ns tT ortur e ( “ C A T ” ) . W e have j ur i s di c t i on t o r e vi e w l e ga l or 

# FI LED OC T 25 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

c o n s titu tio n a l c la im s , in c lu d in g w h e th e rth e B I A “f a ile d to c o n s id e rth e ap p r o p r ia te fa ct ors or r el i ed on i m prop erevi dence i n m aki ng the ‘ part i cul ar l y s er i ou s c ri m e’ det erm i nat i on . ” A na

ya-O rt i z v . H older , 59 4 F . 3d 67 3, 67 6 (9th C i r. 20 10 ) ( i nt ernal c ita tio n s o m itte d ) ; see a l so 8 U . S . C . § 1252( a ) ( 2) ( D ) . W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on p u r s u a n tt o 8 U. S . C . § 1 2 5 2 ( a ) t o r e v i e w th e d e n i a l o f C AT d e f

e rr a l , a n d we r e v ie w f o rs u b s tan tia l e v id e n c e . See D el ga do v. H

older , 6 4 8 F .3 d 1 0 9 5 , 1 1 0 8 ( 9 th C i r. 20 11 ) ( en banc). W e have hel d that“ i n con si deri ng w hether the B IA has app l i ed the corre ct l egal st andard for det erm i ni ng w hether apart i cul ar l y s er i ou s c ri m e has been com m i tt ed, w e m ustre fe r t o the Fre nt es cu f a c t or s a s s ubs e que nt l ym odi f i e d bythe B IA . ” A n a

y a - O r tiz , 5 9 4 F .3 d a t 6 7 9 . In re Fre nt es cu , 18 I. & N . D ec . 24 4 (B IA 1 9 8 2 ) , “ req u i res c ons i de r a t i on of c e rt a i n f a c t or s : ‘ the na tur e of

the c onvi c t i on, the ci rc um st ance s and un derl yi ng fa ct s of the conv i ct i on , the type of s ent ence i mp o s e d , a n d , mo s ti mp o rt a n t l y , w h e th e rth e typ e a n d c i r c u ms t a n c e s o f th e c r i me i nd i ca t e thatthe al i en w i l l be a danger t o the com m un i ty. ’ ” D e l gado , 64 8 F . 3d at 1107 ( quot i ng Fre nt es cu , 18 I. & N . D ec . at24 7) (e m ph as i s a dd ed). A fi nd i ng that a n a l i e n ha s c om m i tt e d apa rt i c ul a r l ys e r i ous c r i m e w i l l s upportthe de t e rm i na t i on o f d a n g e rto th e c o m m u n ity . Se e i d. ; A n a y a - O r tiz , 594 F . 3d a t679.3

H er e, the B IA consi dere d o nl y tw o o f the Fr e nte s c u f a c t or s i n de t e rm i ni ng tha tA f z a l w a s c onvi c t e d of

apa rt i c ul a r l ys e r i ous c r i m e . T he B I A c ons i de r e d the n a tu r e o f th e c o n v ic tio n , n o tin g th a t A f z a l p le a d e d g u iltyto a s s au lt w ith ad e a d ly w e apon. T he B I A a l s o c ons i de r e d the c i r c um s t a nc e s a nd unde r l y i ng f a c t s of the c onvi c t i on, f

i ndi ng tha t“ [ a ] f

t e rbe i ng honke d a tbya nothe rve hi c l e f ors w e rvi ng s udde nl y a nd c utt i ng i tof f , [ A f z a l ] br a ndi s he d as t ol e n s e m i aut om a t i c w e apon a nd di s c ha r ge d i t . ” T he B I A not e d tha tA f z a l a dm i tt e d t o be i ng unde rthe i nf l ue nc e of ac ontr ol l e d s ubs t a nc e a tthe t i m e of the i nc i de nt . I n i t s a na l y s i s , the B I A di d not c ons i de r , ore ve n m e nt i on, the type of s e nt e nc e i m pos e d a s ar e s ul tof the c onvi c t i on be f

or e c onc l udi ng tha tA f

z a l w a s c onvi c t e d of

apa rt i c ul a r l ys e r i ous c r im e a n d p r e te rm ittin g h is ap p lic a tio n f o rw ith h o ld in g o f

r e m o v a l. Fre nt es cu r e q u ir e s c o n s id e r a tio n o f th is f a c to r , s e e D e l

gado , 648 F . 3d a t1107, a nd thus the B IA erre d b y f

ai l i ng t o con si der the type of s ent ence i m po se d. B ec ause the B IA f a i l e d t o appl y the c orr e c tl e ga l s t a nda r d, w e gr antthe pe t i t i on f orr e vi e w a s t o the w ith h o ld in g c la im a n d r e m a n d to th e B I A f o rp r o p e rc o n s id e r a tio n o f a ll Fre nt es cu f a c t or s i n de t e rm i ni ng w he the rA f z a l i s s t a tut or i l yi ne l i gi bl e f orw i thhol di ng of re m ov al because he w as conv i ct ed of a part i cul ar l y s er i ou s c ri m e. W e de ny the pe t i t i on f

orr e vi e w a s t o the B I A ’ s de ni a l of C A T de f

e rr a l . T he r e c o r d e v id e n c e , in c lu d in g th e c o u n tryc o n d itio n s r e p o rts , d o e s n o t c o m p e l a4

f in d in g th a t A f

z a l is m o r e lik e lyth a n n o t to b e to rtu r e d if h e is r e tu rn e d to P a k is ta n . T h e r e f

o r e , th e B I A d e c is io n is s u p p o rte d b ys u b s ta n tia l e v id e n c e . See D e l gado , 64 8 F . 3d at11 08 (f i nd i ng thatthe deni al of C A T defe rr al “ i s s up po rt ed by s ubs t a nt i a l e vi de nc e ” be c aus e the “ e vi de nc e doe s notc om pe l the c onc l us i on that[pet i t i on er ] w i l l be t ortured by the S al vado ran g ov ernm ent ”) . T h e p et i t i o n fo r rev i ew i s G R A N TED a s t o the w i thhol di ng c l a i m , a nd R EM A N D ED t o the B I A f orappl i c a t i on of

the c orr e c tl e ga l s t a nda r d. T he p et i t i o n fo r rev i ew as t o th e d en i al o f C A T d eferral i s D EN I ED .