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**Table of Contents**
**Table of Contents**

                    -            Countermeasures That Work         
                    -            About This Guide        Toggle child links for About This Guide                        -            Understanding Human Behavior         
                      -            How to Navigate This Digital Book         
                      -            Acronyms and Abbreviations         
                      -            Citation, Disclaimers, Suggestions 
                    -            Alcohol-Impaired Driving        Toggle child links for Alcohol-Impaired Driving                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Administrative License Revocation or Suspension         
                          -            Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21 Laws         
                          -            Open Container Laws         
                          -            Lower BAC Limits         
                          -            High-BAC Sanctions         
                          -            BAC Test Refusal Penalties         
                          -            Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Law Review 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Publicized Sobriety Checkpoints         
                          -            High-Visibility Saturation Patrols         
                          -            Alcohol Measurement Devices         
                          -            Integrated Enforcement         
                          -            Alcohol Vendor Compliance Checks         
                          -            Zero-Tolerance Law Enforcement 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Alcohol Ignition Interlocks         
                          -            Alcohol Problem Assessment and Treatment         
                          -            Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention         
                          -            Vehicle and License Plate Sanctions         
                          -            DWI Offender Monitoring         
                          -            DWI Courts         
                          -            Limits on Diversion and Plea Agreements         
                          -            Alternative Transportation         
                          -            Mass Media Campaigns         
                          -            Court Monitoring 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Responsible Beverage Service         
                          -            Other Sanctions         
                          -            Designated Driver and Programs         
                          -            Youth Programs 
                      -            References 
                    -            Drug-Impaired Driving        Toggle child links for Drug-Impaired Driving                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Drug-Impaired-Driving Laws 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Enforcement of Drug-Impaired Driving 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Education Regarding Medications 
                      -            References 
                    -            Seat Belts and Child Restraints        Toggle child links for Seat Belts and Child Restraints                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Use Laws         
                          -            Strong Child Passenger Safety Laws         
                          -            Increased Fines for Seat Belt Law Violations 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Short-Term, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement         
                          -              Short-Term, High-Visibility Child Passenger Safety Law Enforcement         
                          -              Nighttime, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement         
                          -            Sustained Seat Belt Enforcement 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Communication Strategies for Low-Belt-Use Groups as Part of HVE         
                          -            Employer-Based Programs         
                          -            Programs for Older Children         
                          -            Programs for Increasing Child Restraint and Booster Seat Use         
                          -            Child Restraint Inspection Stations 
                      -            References 
                    -            Speeding and Speed Management        Toggle child links for Speeding and Speed Management                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Lower Speed Limits          
                          -            Variable Speed Limits         
                          -            Increasing Penalties 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Speed Safety Camera Enforcement         
                          -            High-Visibility Enforcement 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Dynamic Speed Display/Feedback Signs          
                          -            Intelligent Speed Assistance 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Aggressive Driving and Other Laws         
                          -            Diversion and Plea Agreements /Traffic Violator School 
                      -            References 
                    -            Distracted Driving         Toggle child links for Distracted Driving                         -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            GDL Passenger Limits for Young Drivers         
                          -            Cell Phone Laws 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            High-Visibility Cell Phone Enforcement 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Employer Programs 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Communications on Outreach and Distracted Driving 
                      -            References 
                    -            Motorcycle Safety        Toggle child links for Motorcycle Safety                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Universal Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws         
                          -            Graduated Driver Licensing for Motorcyclists 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists: Detection, Enforcement, and Sanctions 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Motorcycle Rider Training         
                          -            Strategies to Increase Rider Conspicuity and Use of Protective Clothing 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -             Motorcycle Helmet Use Promotion Programs         
                          -            Communication Campaigns Aimed at Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists         
                          -            Communication Campaigns to Increase Motorist Awareness of Motorcyclists 
                      -            References 
                    -            Young Drivers        Toggle child links for Young Drivers                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Graduated Driver Licensing         
                          -            GDL Learner’s Permit         
                          -            GDL Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions         
                          -            GDL Intermediate License Passenger Restrictions 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            Enforcement of GDL 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Programs to Assist Parents/Guardians of Young Drivers         
                          -            Electronic Technology for Parental/Guardian Monitoring         
                          -            Hazard Perception Training 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            GDL Supervised Hours         
                          -            GDL Cell Phone Restrictions         
                          -            GDL Intermediate License Violation Penalties         
                          -            Pre-Licensure Driver Education         
                          -            Post-Licensure or Second-Tier Driver Education         
                          -            Advanced Driver Training Courses 
                      -            References 
                    -            Older Drivers         Toggle child links for Older Drivers                         -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            License Screening and Testing         
                          -            Licensing Agency Referrals         
                          -            License Restrictions         
                          -            Medical Review Protocols         
                          -            In-Person Renewal and Vision Test 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom + On-Road Feedback) 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            General Communications and Education         
                          -            Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom Only) 
                      -            References 
                    -            Pedestrian Safety        Toggle child links for Pedestrian Safety                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Lower Speed Limits 
                        -            Enforcement        Toggle child links for Enforcement                            -            High-Visibility Enforcement at Pedestrian Crossings 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Pedestrian Safety Zones         
                          -            Elementary-Age Child Pedestrian Training         
                          -            Safe Routes to School         
                          -            Walking School Bus         
                          -            Conspicuity Enhancement 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Child School Bus Trainings         
                          -            Communications and Outreach Addressing Impaired Pedestrians         
                          -            University Educational Campaigns         
                          -            “Sweeper” Patrols of Impaired Pedestrians         
                          -            Driver Training         
                          -            Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Training         
                          -            Child Supervision         
                          -            Children’s Safety Clubs 
                      -            References 
                    -            Bicycle Safety        Toggle child links for Bicycle Safety                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Bicycle Helmet Laws for Children          
                          -            Universal Bicycle Helmet Laws         
                          -            Active Lighting Laws         
                          -            Motorist Passing Bicyclist Laws         
                          -            Lower Speed Limits 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Promote Bicycle Helmet Use with Education         
                          -            Safe Routes to School         
                          -            Bicycle Safety Education for Children         
                          -            Cycling Skills Clinics, Bike Fairs, Bike Rodeos 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Rider Conspicuity Laws         
                          -            Driver Training          
                          -            Bicycle Safety Education for Adult Cyclists         
                          -            Share the Road Awareness Programs 
                      -            References 
                    -            Drowsy Driving        Toggle child links for Drowsy Driving                        -            Understanding the Problem         
                      -            Data/Surveillance         
                      -            Emerging Issues         
                      -            Key Resources         
                      -            Countermeasures        Toggle child links for Countermeasures                          -            Legislation and Licensing        Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing                            -            Graduated Driver Licensing Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions 
                        -            Other Strategies for Behavior Change        Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change                            -            Employer Programs         
                          -            School Start Times 
                        -            Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation        Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation                            -            Communications and Outreach on Drowsy Driving         
                          -            Education Regarding Medical Conditions and Medications         
                          -            General Driver Drowsiness Laws 
                      -            References 
                    -            Customized Book         

Download the Full Book

# Countermeasures That Work

## A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices

***11th Edition, 2023***

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*Countermeasures That Work* is intended to be a reference guide for State Highway Safety Offices to help select effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures to address highway safety problem areas in their States. 

While this is the 11th edition of this guide, this is the first digital version where you can easily save information and countermeasures that you feel are most relevant.

How to Navigate This Digital Book

### About This Guide

The guide provides an overview for readers to familiarize themselves with the behavioral strategies and countermeasures in each topic area and provides resources for a deeper look at the topic. The guide is not intended to be a comprehensive list of countermeasures available for State use or a list of expectations for SHSO implementation.

What's Included & Not Included & New

### Understanding This Guide

All countermeasures included in this guide aim to change human behavior in some way. Therefore, it is critical for SHSOs and others who use this guide to have a basic understanding of the science of human behavior.

Understanding Human Behavior

#### Also in This Section

                      - Acronyms & Abbreviations
                      - Citation, Disclaimers, Suggestions

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