NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL 

### FIRST CIRCUIT 

### 2023 KA 0816 STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS BLAYSON PAUL FIFE

Judgment Rendered: 

### APR 19 2024

On Appeal from the 

### Twenty - FirstJudicial District Court In and for the Parish of Livingston

State ofLouisiana No. 36276, Sec. C 

### The Honorable ErickaW. Sledge,Judge Presiding

Prentice L. White 

### Attorney for Defendant/Appellant Louisiana Appellate Project Blayson Paul Fife Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Scott M. Perrilloux 

### DistrictAttorney Brett Sommer 

### Assistant DistrictAttorney Livingston, Louisiana Attorneys for Appellee State ofLouisiana

BEFORE: WELCH, WOLFE, AND STROMBERG, JJ.STROMBERG,



### The defendant, Blayson Paul Fife, was charged by unanimousjury verdict by amended grand jury indictment with one count of second degree murder, a violation of La. R.S. 14:30.].' 

### He pled not guilty and, following ajury trial, was 

### found guilty as charged. The trial court denied the defendant' s motion for post - verdictjudgment ofacquittal and motion for new trial and sentenced the defendant to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. The defendant now appeals, 

### assigning error to the sufficiency of the evidence. 

### Forthe following reasons, we affirm the conviction

and sentence. FACTS 

### On July 23, 2017, officers responded to a residence located at 13990 Pine Park Road in Walker, Louisiana, after a concerned neighbor called 911 and asked police to check in on the home' s owner, Rick McBride. 

### Upon entering the home, officers discovered McBride' s body with multiple gunshot wounds. Pursuant to the investigation, officers arrested Joe Baluch, Jr., and the defendant forthe murder of Rick McBride. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE In his sole assignment of error, the defendant argues the trial court erred in 

### denying his motion for new trial because the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support his conviction for second degree murder.'

1 The instant case involves a retrial. The defendant was initially charged with first degree murder, a violation of La. R.S. 

### 14:30, and, following a trial, was found guilty by a non - unanimousjuryverdict ofthe responsive offense ofsecond-degree murder. In light ofRamos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 140 S. Ct. 1390, 1397, 206 L.Ed.2d 583 ( 2020), this court set aside the defendant' s conviction and sentence and remanded to the district court for a new trial. State v. Fife,2020-0140 (La.App. lst Cir. 12/30120), 2020 WL 7768709, * 1 ( unpublished). 2 The defendant raised this argument to the trial court in a combined motion for post - verdict judgment of acquittal or new trial, which was denied. However, on appeal, he argues only that the trial court erred in denying the motion fornewtrial. We note that the question ofsufficiency 2A conviction based on insufficient evidence cannot stand, as it violates due

process. See U.S. Const. amend. XIV, La. Const. art. I, § 2. The standard of 

### review for sufficiency ofthe evidence to support a conviction is whether, viewing 

### the evidence in the light mostfavorable tothe prosecution,any rational trier offact could have found that the State proved the essential elements ofthe crime and the 

### defendant's identityasthe perpetratorofthe crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 1979); 

### State v. Coleman, 2021-0870 (La.App. 1st Cir.418122), 342 So.3d 7, 11, writ denied, 2022-00759 (La. 11121123), 373 So.3d 460; see also La. Code Crim. P. art. 821( B). When a conviction is based on both direct and circumstantial evidence, the 

### reviewing court must resolve any conflict in the direct evidence by viewing that evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution. When the direct evidence 

### isthusviewed,the facts established bythe direct evidence and the facts reasonably inferred from the circumstantial evidence must be sufficient for a rational juror to 

### conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty of every essential element of the crime. Coleman, 342 So.3d at 12. When a case involves 

### circumstantial evidence and thejury reasonablyrejectsthe hypothesis ofinnocence 

### presented by the defense, that hypothesis falls, and the defendant is guilty unless there is another hypothesis that raises a reasonable doubt. State v. Bessie, 2021- 

### 1117 (La. App. 1 st Cir. 4/8/22), 342 So.3d 17, 22, writ denied, 2022-00846 ( La. 9120122), 346 So.3d 802. 

### ofthe evidence is properly raised by a motion for post - verdict judgment of acquittal, not a motion fornewtrial. See La.Code Crim.P. art. 821; State v. Southall, 2022-0746 (La.App. 1st Cir. 612123), 369 So.3d 925, 929 n.4, writ denied, 2023- 00875 ( La. 216124), 378 So.3d 750. 

### Appellate courts may review the grant ordenial ofa motion for new trial only for errors oflaw. See La. Code Grim. P. art. 858; State v. Francis, 2019-1392 ( La.App. 1st Cir. 12117120), 318 So.3d 862, 867 n,6. Accordingly, the only issue reviewable in this assignment of error is the constitutional issue ofsufficiency ofthe evidence, which was raised in the defendant's motion for post -

verdictjudgment ofacquittal. Id. 3

### Second degree murder is defined as the killing ofa human being when the

offender has either the specific intent to kill or inflict great bodily harm, or is engaged in the perpetration or attempted perpetration ofone ofseveral enumerated 

### felonies, including but not limited to aggravated burglary, even though he has no 

### intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm.' La. R.S. 14:30. 1( A)(1) and ( 2). Specific intent is that state of mind which exists when the circumstances indicate 

### that the offender actively desired the prescribed criminal consequences to follow his act or failure to act. La. R.S. 14: 10( 1). 

### Specific intent may be proven by direct 

### evidence, such as a defendant's statements, or by inference from circumstantial

evidence, 

### such as a defendant's actions or facts depicting the circumstances. 

### Specific intent is an ultimate legal conclusion to be resolved by the factfinder. Coleman, 342 So.3d at 12. 

### The State bears the burden of proving the elements ofthe offense, along with the burden ofprovingthe defendant's identity as the perpetrator. When, as in 

### this case, the key issue is the defendant's identity as the perpetrator, rather than whether the crime was committed, the State is required to negate any reasonable probability of misidentification. 

### A positive identification by only one witness is sufficient to support a conviction. Bessie, 342 So.3d at 22-23. Dr. 

### Karen Ross performed the autopsy on McBride and testified that McBride suffered four gunshot wounds to his neck, shoulder, back, and hips. Dr. Ross testified that McBride' s cause of death resulted from the multiple gunshot

wounds.



### 3 Aggravated burglary isthe unauthorized entering ofany inhabited dwelling where a person is present, with the intent to commit a felony or any theft therein, under any ofthe following circumstances: ( 1) if the offender is armed with a dangerous weapon; (2) if,after entering, the 

### offender arms himselfwith a dangerous weapon; or (3) ifthe offender commits a battery upon anypersonwhile in such place, or in enteringorleaving such place. La.R.S. 14:60(A). 4Joe Baluch, Jr.,

### testifiedthat onthe night ofthe murder,he was with agroup

offriends at Trevor Lockett's residence in Gonzales, Louisiana. Also at Lockett' s house were Lockett, 

### Kerstin Avery, Alexis Sahr, Kameron Jones, and the defendant. 

### At some point, the defendant approached Baluch and stated that he 

### knew where they could " hit a lick[,]" which meant to commit a robbery. The 

### defendanttold Baluch that he had a key and no one would be atthe home. Baluch testified that as he drove, the defendant provided directions to McBride' s

residence.' 

### Upon arriving at the home, 

### they observed a white truck in the driveway, and the defendant told Baluch that the vehicle did not belong to the home' s owner. 

### After they were unable to locate a key on the front porch, they walked around to the back ofthe house, where the defendant climbed on the meter box and broke a window with a . 410 shotgun, then climbed through the window and unlocked the back door for Baluch. 

### Baluch testified that he and the defendant then began searching through various rooms, where Baluch retrieved a black and green Sig 9 millimeter firearm

and a white safe. 

### After noticing a lighton,he looked intothe masterbedroom and observed McBride' s feet in a recliner. Baluch and the defendant then exited the home. 

### However, according to Baluch, the defendant re-entered McBride's home looking for money and more firearms, while Baluch got in the car. After Baluch 

### had been sitting in the car for five to ten minutes, he heard four or five gunshots. Baluch testified thatthe defendant, carrying a camouflage bag filled with firearms,

ran backto the vehicle and told him that he " 

### hadto offhim" and thathe was going to get "teardrops." 5

4 Baluchtestifiedthat priorto that night, he had neverbeen to the residence, and he did not know the home belonged to McBride. s Baluch testified that he interpreted these statements to mean the defendant had killed McBride 

### andwould getateardrop tattoo on hisface, indicating he killed someone. 5Baluch further testified that he and the defendant then traveled back to

Lockett' s residence, where the defendant unloaded all ofthe firearms stolen from McBride' s home. 

### According to Baluch,the defendant then asked him to return to McBride's home because he scraped his leg and needed to clean up blood, however, Baluch refused. Baluch testified he then left Lockett' s home and 

### traveled to a levee on the Mississippi River, where he attempted to destroy, and ultimately disposed of,the safe he stole from McBride's residence.' Later that 

### morning, Baluch met up with the defendant,who gave him one thousand dollars in cash out of the ten thousand dollars he stole from McBride' s residence. Baluch testified he was later arrested and charged with principal to first degree murder and 

### aggravated burglary, butthe State agreed to drop the principal charge in exchange 

### for his testimony at trial, He pled guilty to aggravated burglary and spent four years and one day in prison. 

### Alexis Sahrtestified that she arrived at Lockett's residence at approximately midnight on the night ofthe murder. 

### According to Sahr, Baluch and the defendant arrived at around 2:00 a.m., 

### and the defendantwas carrying a large, darkgreen bag filled with multiple firearms. 

### About twenty minutes later, Sahr drove the 

### defendant to a gas station, where the defendant met up with a " tall" and " 

### heavy

set" man. Sahr testified that in the week prior to the murder, she drove the defendant, who provided directions, to somewhere in Livingston Parish, J.S. testified that on the night ofthe murder, he and Jace Chiquelin received repeated phone calls from Jones, who asked them to give the defendant a ride to the hospital.' 

### According to J.S., 

### he and Chiquelin picked up the defendant at 

### 6Thesafewas eventuallydiscovered inthe waterbyBruceJea.nfreau,whowas operating aboat on the Mississippi River. It is unclear from the record when this occurred. 

### 7J.S. wasaminoratthetime ofthe incident. In ordertoprotecthis confidentiality,we referto him onlybyhis initials. See Uniform Rules ofLouisiana Courts ofAppeal, Rule 5-2. 6

### Chip's Grocery, after which the defendant stated he needed to stop at his

grandfather's house. The defendant gave directions while Chiquelin drove to Walker. 

### Afterthey arrived atthe residence, J.S. and the defendantwalked through the back door, where J.S. remained atthe doorstep for about twenty-five to thirty

minutes. J.S. then began to look through the house for the defendant and found 

### him sitting on the couch rummaging through a bag. J.S. testified that he then 

### observed McBride's body on the floor. J.S. ran back to Chiquelin' s vehicle, and 

### the defendant eventually returned with the bag. Chiquelin confirmed J.S.' s 

### testimony and testified thatJ.S. ran hysterically backto the vehicle, afterwhich the 

### defendantcame outofMcBride'shome carrying a largeduffel bag. Kerstin Avery testified that the defendant called her around midnight and 

### asked ifshe could pick him up in Dutchtown. I When she arrived, the defendant entered her vehicle and directed her to Walker. 

### Avery testified that Capon arriving at the home in Walker, she stayed in her vehicle while the defendant went inside 

### the home for approximately fifteen minutes. The defendant made two return trips 

### carrying cash and multiple firearms, which he then placed in the trunk ofher car. Thereafter, Avery and the defendant devised a plan to travel to California with Jones and Lockett. 

### On the return trip to Louisiana, they were detained by law enforcement in Texas near the Mexican border. 

### Trevor Lockett testified that on the night of July 21, 2017, the defendant asked him if he wanted to " hit a lick," to which Lockett responded in the negative. 

### The defendant then left at approximately 9:00 p.m. and returned between 11: 00 p.m. and 1: 00 a.m.with Baluch. When the defendant returned, he brought several guns into Lockett' s home, and Lockett told him to leave. Lockett testified that 

### around 11:00 a.m. on July 22, 2017, he and Jones met up with the defendant and a We note that,according to Avery's phone records, herphone did not begintravelingwest from her home in Maurepas to the Dutchtown area until 5: 11 a.m.on July 22,2017. 7

### Avery and traveled to California. The defendant had several handguns, as well as



### a significant amount ofmoney, which he did not have when Lockett saw him the night before. Lockett and Jones took cell phone photos and videos of each other, 

### and the defendant, handling guns and cash. 

### Lockett testified thatjust before they entered California, the defendant told him that he " hit a lick and killed somebody[.]" 

### Specifically, the defendant told Lockett that the victim was in a recliner, and he shot him five or six times, left, and went back to the house multiple times.

### Sergeant Phillip Lint with the Livingston Parish Sheriffs Office ( LPSO) 

### testified that he was the first responding officerto McBride's home. Sergeant Lint 

### entered the residence and observed McBride lying on his back, with blood around his head, 

### apparently deceased. He also observed an empty pistol holster at 

### McBride's feet and a large gun safe, which was open, inthe living room. The rear door of the residence was open, and the windows in the master bedroom and 

### laundry room were broken. Through the investigation, Detective Jim Brown with the LPSO learned that 

### Baluch may have been involved in the case. Detective Brown testified that Baluch 

### agreed to come in for questioning and voluntarily provided his cell phone. During the interview, Baluch indicated he retrieved a weapon from McBride' s house, which was later recovered from Baluch' s bedroom. Captain Raymond Coxe with the LPSO, an expert in digital forensics, examined the hard drives from computers in McBride' s residence, as well as the cell phones of Lockett and Jones. Captain Coxe located the serial number of a firearm shown in a video, cross referenced it with a list ofMcBride' s firearms, and determined it belonged to McBride. Captain Coxe testified that the gun from thevideo was never recovered. 

### Captain Coxe recovered a second video depicting the

defendant shooting agun onthe side ofthe road in New Mexico. Michelle Olinde, an expert in the field of ballistics, conducted a ballistics analysis in this case. Olinde analyzed eight 9 millimeter cartridge cases, seven 

### from McBride's home and one from New Mexico, and determined that they were all fired from the same unknown firearm. Olinde also determined that the cartridge 

### cases were not fired from any firearm found in McBride's home, nor were they fired from the Sig 9 millimeterfirearm collected from Baluch's residence. Paul Berry, an expert in the field of DNA analysis, compared evidence collected from the scene to DNA reference samples from McBride and the defendant. 

### Berry obtained a DNA profile from a swab ofcontact DNA collected 

### from latent prints found on top ofthe dryer, which indicated a mixture of DNA from a minimum of two contributors and from which the defendant could not be

excluded as a contributor. 

### Timothy Piper, an expert in the field ofcell phone record analysis, analyzed the cell phone records of several individuals suspected to be with the defendant 

### prior to, during, and after the time ofthe murder. Piper testified that from 12:02 

### a.m. to 12:31 a.m. on July 22, 2017, Baluch's phone pinged offthe Walker tower in the same sector which covered McBride' s home. Piper further testified that at around 3: 00 a.m., J.S. and Chiquelin' s phones were in the area ofMcBride' s home. 

### Finally,ataround 6.30 a.m.,

### Avery's phonewas nearMcBride's home. After the jury returned a unanimous guilty verdict, the trial court reviewed 

### the polling forms and discovered that onejuror indicated that guilty was not her

verdict. 

### Thetrial courtasked her ifshe did notvote guilty,to which she responded that she did vote guilty based on the legal definition provided, butthat she did not want to do so. Defense counsel argued thejuror's hesitation meant there was not a 9unanimous vote of guilty. 

### The trial court instructed the jury to continue

deliberating "in the attempt ofreaching a unanimous verdict," afterwhich thejury again returned a unanimous guilty verdict. On appeal, the defendant asserts the evidence presented at trial did not establish beyond a reasonable doubt that he, rather than Baluch, killed McBride. 

### Specifically,the defendant claims his conviction was based on the false, dishonest testimony ofBaluch, who was convicted ofaggravated burglary and sentenced to only fouryears in prison. He further argues Baluch's dishonest testimony caused onejuror to have reasonable doubt about his guilt. In the absence of internal contradiction or irreconcilable conflict with physical evidence, 

### one witness' s testimony, 

### if believed by the trier of fact, is sufficient support for a requisite factual conclusion. Further, where there is 

### conflicting testimony aboutfactual matters,the resolution ofwhich depends upon a 

### determination ofthe credibility ofthe witnesses, the matter is one ofthe weight of 

### the evidence, not its sufficiency. Accordingly, on appeal, this courtwill not assess the credibility of witnesses or reweigh the evidence to overturn a factfinder's determination ofguilt. Bessie, 342 So.3d at 23. 

### In finding the defendant guilty ofsecond degree murder, it is clear thejury rejected the defendant's theory that he was not the shooter. Although Baluch 

### initially lied to police,thejury heard Baluch's testimony and found him credible. Baluch testified that after he and the defendant broke into McBride' s home, realized McBride was home, and left, the defendant then re-entered the home to steal additional items, after which Baluch heard gunshots. 

### Attrial, Baluch readily admitted that in his interview with police, 

### he lied regarding the extent of his involvement in the crime because he was scared, though he later confessed. While 

### the State agreed to drop the principal to first degree murdercharge in exchange for 10

### his testimony, Baluch testified he would not lie to receive such benefit and stated



### he was telling the truth to thejury. Finally, although onejuror stated she did not 

### want to vote guilty, she did, in fact, vote guilty based on the law. Despite the defendant' s argument that the juror had a reasonable doubt as to his guilt because 

### ofBaluch's testimony, we note thejuror did not give any reasoning for why she 

### did not want to vote guilty. Furthermore, the fact that Baluch initially lied to officers does not render his testimony insufficient to support a conviction. Rather, 

### any discrepancy between his pre-trial statement and his in - courttestimony goes to the weight ofthe evidence, not its sufficiency. See State v. Coleman, 2017- 1045 

### La. App. 1st Cir. 4113118), 249 So.3d 872, 881, writ denied, 2018-0830 ( La. 2118119), 263 So.3d 1155. The State also presented extensive evidence of the defendant' s actions 

### leading up to and following the murder. Based on Sahr's testimony that she and the defendant drove to a home in Livingston Parish one week prior to the murder, 

### the jury could have rationally presumed that the defendant and Sahr went to McBride' s home to scope it out. On the night of the murder, the defendant and 

### Baluch broke into McBride' s home, where they saw McBride alive before they left. The defendant then re-entered the home to steal firearms, at which point he shot McBride several times. 

### Approximately three hours later, the defendant 

### returned to McBride's home a second time with Chiquelin and J.S. to steal money and additional firearms. The defendant returned to McBride' s home a third time 

### with Avery and stole more of McBride' s belongings. Avery, Lockett, Jones, and the defendant then traveled to California with several firearms and a significant amount of cash stolen from McBride' s home. Flight and attempt to avoid apprehension indicate consciousness of guilt, and therefore, are circumstances 

### from which ajuror may infer guilt. State v. Southall, 2022-0746 (La. App. 1st 11Cir. 6/2/23), 369 So.3d 925, 933, writ denied, 2023-00875 ( La. 216124), 378 So.3d

750. 

### The phone records introduced at trial corroborated the testimony ofBaluch, as well as everyone who was with the defendant after the murder. The phone records showed Baluch, Chiquelin, J.S., 

### and Avery all in Walker near McBride's home at various times on the night of the murder. The State also submitted uncontroverted evidence that the defendant' s DNA was found in McBride' s home. Ballistics evidence established that the gun the defendant shot in New Mexico matched a gun stolen from McBride and the shell casings recovered at the crime

scene. 

### According to Lockett,the defendant discarded some ofthe weapons during the trip to California, including the firearm used to kill McBride. Thus, the jury could have concluded that the defendant possessed the murder weapon and 

### intentionally disposed of it. Finally, shortly after the murder, the defendant 

### confessed that he killed McBride to both Baluch and Lockett, providing explicit details about howthe murder occurred, which matched the evidence atthe scene. 

### An appellate court errs by substituting its appreciation ofthe evidence and 

### credibility ofwitnesses for that ofthe factfinderand thereby overturning a verdict on the basis ofan exculpatory hypothesis ofinnocence presented to, and rationally 

### rejected by, the jury. 

### See State v. Calloway, 2007-2306 ( La. 1121109), 1 So.3d 417, 418 ( per curiam). 

### Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, we find that a rational trier of fact could have found the State proved beyond a reasonable doubt all of the elements of second degree murder and the 

### defendant's identityasthe perpetrator. This assignmentoferroriswithout merit. PATENT ERROR Pursuant to Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure article 920(2), this court 

### routinely conducts a review of all appeals for error discoverable by mere 12inspection of the pleadings and proceedings and without inspection of the

evidence. 

### State v. Anthony, 2023-0117 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 11/ 3/ 23), 378 So.3d 

### 7661 775. After a careful review of the record, we have found two patent errors, 

### both ofwhich have been noted bythedefendant on appeal. The record reflects that after the trial court imposed the sentence herein, it failed to advise the defendant of the applicable time periods to file a motion for appeal or application for post - conviction relief. Nonetheless, we note the 

### defendant filed a timely appeal under La. Code Crim. P. art. 914; thus, the trial court' s failure to advise the defendant ofthe prescriptive period for appeal is moot. See State v. Williams, 2011- 0427 ( 

### La. App. 5th Cir. 2128112), 88 So.3d 1102, 1113. With respect to post - conviction relief, La. Code Crim. P. art. 930.8(0) 

### provides that,atthetime ofsentencing,thetrial court shall inform the defendant of the prescriptive period for applying for post - conviction relief. See State v. LeBoeuf, 2006-0153 ( La. 

### App. 1st Cir. 9/15/06), 943 So.2d 1134, 1142, writ denied, 2006-2621 ( La. 8115107), 961 So.2d 1158. Its failure to do so, however, 

### has no bearing on the sentence and is not grounds to reverse the sentence or 

### remand for resentencing. Further, the Article does not provide a remedy for an individual defendant who is not told ofthe limitations period. Id. at 1142-43. 

### Out ofan abundance ofcaution, and in the interest ofjudicial economy, we note for the record and advise the defendant that La. Code Crim. P. art. 930.8 generally provides that no application for post - conviction relief, 

### including applications which seek an out - of - time appeal, shall be considered if filed more than two years after the judgment of conviction and sentence have become final under the provisions ofLa. Code Crim. P. arts. 914 or 922. Id. at 1143. CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED. 13