Driving Success in Vector Control Product Development 

for Public Health: 

The Critical Roles of Preferred Product Characteristics (PPC) and 

Target Product Profile (TPP) Documents 

A Workshop Organized by the 

Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 

National Institutes of Health 

June 26, July 2, and August 6, 2020 

Meeting Report 
 

 

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 3 

MEETING SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4 

Scientific Session, Day 1: Friday, June 26, 2020................................................................................. 4 

Scientific Session, Day 2: Tuesday, July 2, 2020 ................................................................................. 6 

Team Presentations Session, Day 3: Thursday, August 6, 2020 .......................................................... 8 

Workshop Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 9 

APPENDIX 1: WORKSHOP AGENDA................................................................................................. 10 

APPENDIX 2: PARTICIPANT LIST..................................................................................................... 12 

APPENDIX 3: WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS....................................................................................... 14 

APPENDIX 4: TEAMS, TEAM LEADS AND PRODUCTS................................................................ 15 

APPENDIX 5: LIST OF RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS..................................................................... 16 

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Executive Summary 

The goal of the workshop was to understand the critical role of preferred product characteristics 

(PPCs) and target product profiles (TPPs) in the development of vector control products, and to 

provide investigators with hands-on experience in developing these documents. Due to the 

COVID-19 pandemic, the workshop was conducted virtually in three separate sessions: June 26, 

July 2, and August 6, 2020 (for details, please refer to the Agenda in Appendix 1). 

The first two sessions were identical in structure. Single presenters provided an array of 

perspectives, including science and industry, with Q&As following each presentation. The 

sessions, which discussed varying aspects and experiences of developing PPCs and TPPs, 

included the following: 

• The Purpose, Development, and Implementation of TPPs for Vector Control Products for 

Public Health 

• Why PPCs and TPPs are Essential – The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) 

Perspective 

• Recent Experience with PPC and TPP Development – Investigator’s Perspective 

• How Modeling Can Inform Product Development 

• Stage Gates in the Development of a Novel Vector Control Product 

• Killing a Product – What to Look For? 

For the third session, participants were instructed to develop PPCs and TPPs for four specified 

vector control products: repellents, bed net combination insecticides, entomopathogenic fungus, 

and symbionts. Each team had a designated team leader. There was a Q&A time allotted for 

these presentations and polling questions posed by co-hosts to encourage discussion. 

Throughout the workshop, the importance of the following concepts in developing vector control 

products was highlighted: 

• Stakeholder engagement is critical in securing public acceptance. 

• PPC documents should be considered as a helpful framework and valuable overarching 

document for product development, and can best be viewed as an umbrella, outlining the 

product development efforts. 

• A TPP, unlike a PPC document, is more specific and detailed. It is a living document as it 

can be revised and updated following critical evaluations of the observations gained 

during the development process. 

• Engagement with regulatory agencies such as the WHO, the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) early and 

often during the product development process is important. 

• Creating and cultivating cross-functional teams to objectively examine progress against 

set criteria and implement appropriate stop-and-go gates during product development is 

essential. 

• Pricing is an important factor to be considered. The price should be affordable as most 

vector products are targeted for low-to middle income countries. 

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Meeting Summary 

Scientific Session, Day 1: Friday, June 26, 2020 

Welcome and Introduction (Adriana Costero-Saint Denis and Ghiorghis Ghenbot, NIAID) 

Dr. Adriana Costero-Saint Denis welcomed everyone and emphasized the importance of 

advancing translational research to facilitate vector control product development. Dr. Ghiorghis 

Ghenbot noted that this was the third workshop in past three years about NIAID’s vector control 

product development initiatives. Previous workshops included “A Primer for the Design and 

Conduct of Clinical Trials for Vector Interventions” (2018); and “Vector Control Product 

Development Pathway: Phase-Dependent Evidence Gathering” (2019). 

Dr. Ghenbot outlined the goal and the expected outcomes of the workshop. The goal of the 

workshop was to understand the critical role PPC and TPP documents play in the development of 

a vector control product. Expected outcomes were that participants: will gain a basic 

understanding of the elements of PPC and TPP documents; will recognize the value these 

documents have on streamlining the development process and engaging with partners; and will 

recognize that a TPP is a living document subject to change as the development process 

progresses. 

Dr. Ghenbot briefly explained the format of the workshop. The first two days featured 

presentations that focused on the concepts of PPC and TTP and emphasized the importance of 

understanding where PPC and TPP exist in the continuum of the product development space as 

efforts move from basic research in the lab and then to the field. The third day featured 

presentations from team leaders on PPC and TPP documents generated for a specific vector 

control product. 

Dr. Ghenbot then introduced the moderators of the first two presentations: Erika Lindroth, 

Research Liaison Officer for the Armed Forces Management Board (AFPMB); and Gaby 

Zollner, Manager of The Deployed Warfighter Protection Program at AFPMB. Both individuals 

are involved in efforts by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to develop novel tools for 

vector control and bite protection. 

Day 1, Part 1: Speaker Presentations 

The Purpose, Development, and Implementation of TPPs for Vector Control Products for 

Public Health (Sarah Rees, Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC)) 

Dr. Sarah Rees provided insight into how a not-for-profit organization develops a TPP. The 

IVCC is a not-for-profit organization that is focused on product development partnerships 

designed to facilitate the development and delivery of new and improved vector control tools to 

prevent malaria and other neglected tropical diseases. 

At IVCC, the development of a TPP is driven by first identifying the need and then identifying 

the processes and technologies to develop the product. IVCC first creates a Target Candidate 

Profile (TCP) that reflects the basic research. IVCC makes a distinction between the TCP and a 

TPP, the latter being created only when they have identified the technology to be used in 

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developing the product. The terminology and the distinction between TCPs and TPPs can be 

confusing at times (Burrows et al, Malar J (2017) 16:26). In the development of a TPP, several 

key questions were considered: 

• Intellectual property - new, competitor, or replacement 

• Safety and efficacy - potency, formulation, and stability 

• Manufacturability - technology to support continued product development and resources 

• Route to market - affordability and profitability, approval process, and supply chain 

Why PPCs are Essential – WHO’s Perspective on Preferred Product Characteristics (David 

Schellenberg and Jan Kolaczinski, WHO) 

At the WHO, Dr. David Schellenberg provides support for malaria initiatives, while Dr. Jan 

Kolaczinski specializes in vector control efforts. 

With respect to PPCs and TPPs, WHO is: 

• Completing a transformation phase towards the creation of a science division with 

departments of quality, norms, and standards; this should facilitate the development 

and review of such documents. 

• Working towards reducing the lack of transparency in policy making and 

inconsistencies in review standards and recommendations. 

• Developing PPCs by considering the unmet needs and the types of products that 

might be coming down the pipeline. This process is believed to increase investment in 

those areas and to engage product developers, academics, and other researchers to 

streamline the process of product development and qualification pathways. 

• Hoping that PPCs inform developers about the product development process and that 

meeting PPC requirements reduces, but does not eliminate fully, uncertainty. 

• Providing examples of PPCs and TPPs on its website. Some PPCs and TPPs have 

been developed. While WHO has laid out its own process, it recognizes there may be 

existing target profiles used to create a PPC (for example https://www.who.int/newsroom/articles-detail/public-consultation-on-preferred-product-characteristics-formalaria-vector-control-interventions). 

Discussion (Moderator: Gaby Zollner, DoD) 

This session took place in the form of Q&A and focused on the preceding presentations. Key 

elements that were highlighted included: 

• WHO is open to and welcomes developer engagement. 

• PPCs for vector control product development were not available at the time of the 

workshop, except in draft form. 

• The importance of: identifying the unmet need before investing in developing a 

product; the availability of appropriate technology to sustain the development of the 

product; reaching out to WHO before spending resources on product evaluation, and; 

taking into account acceptability by the end user. 

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Part 2, Day 1: Speaker Presentations 

Recent Experience with PPC and TPP Development - Investigator’s Perspective 

(Molly Duman-Scheel, University of Notre Dame) 

This presentation provided an investigator’s perspective on the use and development of a TPP. 

Dr. Molly Duman-Scheel acknowledged the help provided by IVCC during the development of a 

TPP for a mosquito larvicide. The investigator discussed studies using yeast interfering RNA 

larvicide as a bait to kill larvae and adults, an approach that potentially could be used as a new 

intervention to combat multiple mosquito vectors of human diseases. The hope is that lure-andkill species-specific tablets may be integrated in mosquito control programs; field studies are 

ongoing. 

Considerable attention during development was given to: 

• Mode of action and potential insecticide resistance 

• Impact on non-target organisms 

• Product formulation, shelf-life, configuration 

• Licensing discussions with the EPA 

• Consumer engagement, product affordability and acceptability (via surveys/interviews) 

Discussion (Moderator: Erica Lindroth, DoD) 

Questions and responses generally focused on the investigator’s interaction with IVCC for the 

development of a TPP and for the engagement with EPA. The discussion highlighted the benefit 

of developing a TPP early on, ensuring consumer input, and interacting with the EPA. 

Closing Notes: Day 1 

Dr. Costero-Saint Denis noted that responses to questions not covered during the participant 

discussions would be provided via email or through the meeting website link. 

Scientific Session, Day 2: Tuesday, July 2, 2020 

Welcome and Introduction (Adriana Costero-Saint Denis and Ghiorghis Ghenbot, NIAID) 

Dr. Ghiorghis Ghenbot introduced the workshop by first addressing some questions raised during 

the previous session on the nature of PPCs and TPPs, and on the ownership of such documents. 

Dr. Schellenberg (WHO) clarified that that a PPC document is a higher-level document outlining 

the preferred characteristics, whereas the TPP is much more specific, generally created by 

someone directly involved in developing that product. Furthermore, it was noted that WHO owns 

PPCs, and the sponsor owns TPPs. However, there is a partnership between the two. The WHO 

maintains the PPCs and TPPs that it publishes in its public website (e.g., 

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240018754). 

Dr. Ghenbot then introduced the moderator for the next series of presentations: Dr. Helen Jamet, 

Deputy Director, Vector Control for the Malaria Team, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 

(BMGF). 

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Part 1, Day 2: Speaker Presentations 

How Modeling Can Inform Product Development (Melissa Penny, Swiss TPH) 

Dr. Melissa Penny discussed how modeling can be useful in vector control product development, 

and how modeling can be used as an iterative process to evaluate and refine the elements covered 

in a TPP. This process, while mostly starting with existing data, should be augmented with 

evidence from new findings. The use of modeling in integrating information on parasite density 

and the mosquito lifecycle and in describing disease progression in humans was highlighted. 

Examples of collaborative work with IVCC and the Gates Foundation were provided. 

Stage Gates During the Development of a Novel Vector Control Product (Kendra Lawrence, 

Department of Defense) 

The use and practice of the stage gate process is well practiced in the pesticide industry but not in 

vector control product development. Dr. Kendra Lawrence’s presentation focused on defining 

decision points along a product development process where there is a need to consider the 

progress achieved against the milestones set. It was emphasized that the actions taken should be 

based on evidence. Implementation of stage gates ensures a more effective allocation of 

resources and avoids scope creep, minimizing waste, and effective communication with 

stakeholders. The stage gate process is better established when cross-functional teams have been 

involved in developing a TPP as a living document. Two examples (bed nets and repellents) 

were discussed. 

Killing a Product – What to Look For (Melinda Hadi, Vestergaard) 

Dr. Melinda Hadi discussed the value of WHO PPCs as a means of identifying potential unmet 

public health needs and of a TPP as a comprehensive internal guide for continued engagement 

with the EPA or WHO. Unlike in the vector control product development area, it was noted that 

there are well-established and generic risk assessment models for safety and regulatory issues for 

chemical-based control approaches. One of the case studies presented was on insecticide-treated 

plastic sheeting for displaced populations, such as for refugees, temporary laborers, and 

individuals seeking shelter. The other case presented was on non- mesh long-lasting netting. In 

both cases, criteria developed in the respective TPP, along with careful evaluation of the 

observation gained from end users and similar products in the market, were used to determine the 

risk and viability of the projects. 

Discussion (Moderator: Helen Jamet, BMGF) 

The discussion was conducted in Q&A format. It centered on two main topics: the development 

and use of TPP and modeling. 

A TPP is valuable as it summarizes the scientific, regulatory, and commercial aspects of the 

product. Investing time in developing a TPP early on during the development of a product is very 

worthwhile. Moreover, once a TPP has been validated through development and marketing for a 

given product, it can serve as a reference for other targets, including research proposals. 

Regarding mathematical modeling during product development, participants noted the paucity of 

information on vector control products. This should not be an impediment to considering 

mathematical modeling during product development. For example, investigators can start with 

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input from experts and refine the model as needed. However, it was noted that this could be 

computationally intensive and require resources and collaborators. 

Following the discussion session, Dr. Ghenbot briefly described the format and content for the 

third and final session of this workshop in August. Four teams, each with a designated team 

leader, would present their draft PPC and TPP documents on four different vector control 

products and describe the challenges faced in developing the documents. He discussed new 

WHO guidance document that could be helpful in finalizing their draft documents. 

Team Presentations Session, Day 3: Thursday, August 6, 2020 

Team Presentation Summaries 

This session comprised presentations from four different teams: 

• Team A: Repellent 

• Team B: Bed Net Combination 

• Team C: Entomopathogenic Fungus 

• Team D: Symbionts 

During the third and final session of the workshop, there were four presentations, with each team 

instructed to develop a PPC and TPP for a specific vector control approach. Teams had roughly 

four weeks in advance to work on these documents, with team leaders coordinating the efforts. 

There was a Q&A session and discussion at the end of each team presentation. 

The teams and products each team was assigned to work on are included in Appendix 4. 

Final Discussion (Moderators: Ghiorghis Ghenbot, NIAID; Gabriela Zollner, DoD; Helen 

Jamet, BMGF) 

At the close of the workshop, several questions were raised for discussion. Below is a summary 

response to each of the questions raised. 

What happens with PPCs/TPPs as product evaluation and development advances? 

PPCs developed by the WHO incorporate the perspective of the WHO and front-line users and 

outline the envisioned requirements for the product category. These documents act as guidance 

for innovators who are developing products for vector-borne diseases. A TPP is a living 

document; a roadmap that captures technical and business development goals. It captures the 

expectations of stakeholders. It must be robust and incorporate the needs of all partners. The 

development activities should accurately reflect the field outcomes. As such, investigators should 

be flexible and adjust expectations in view of the actual field observations gathered during 

product development. Furthermore, the observations will help decide go/no-go decisions for 

properly managing the development task. 

How should we define the standards for minimum stakeholder acceptance – and who is 

responsible for compiling data, updating on minimal/optimal thresholds across TPPs for a 

single product category? 

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When defining the standards, it was suggested that along with the intended use, investigators 

need to consider how a new strategy complements existing methods of control (if any), and to 

incorporate community acceptance at local, regional, and national levels. This would assist in 

making the deployment process feasible. The innovator is ultimately responsible for designing, 

updating, and maintaining a TPP. Depending on the intended use, regulatory agencies, including 

the FDA and the EPA, should be involved in standardizing the requirements and establishing 

clear protocols as the research moves from lab to testing. The EPA is working on specific 

guidelines for facial repellents. The EPA encourages innovators to meet with the agency early in 

the process. This is also the case for FDA. 

What regulatory standards/agencies are appropriate, especially for first-in-class products, 

and in locations where appropriate regulatory bodies for reviewing new technologies do not 

exist? 

The WHO determines if the product class is a new or established class. Requirements by other 

regulatory agencies should be adhered to. The WHO recognizes the lack of experienced local 

regulators and stressed the importance of innovators collaborating with the WHO as a new 

product class moves through the process. Moreover, WHO has different departments that work at 

the different stages of product development. 

Workshop Conclusion 

Dr. Costero-Saint Denis expressed her hope that this workshop expanded participants’ 

understanding of the importance of PPCs and TPPS, increased contact networks, and provided 

opportunities for collaboration, and that the team exercise drafting PPCs and TPPs were helpful. 

She closed the meeting by thanking everyone involved in these sessions – the speakers, 

moderators, the team leaders and team members, NIAID MEET technical support staff, and the 

participation of agencies including the WHO, EPA, and FDA. 

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Appendix 1: Workshop Agenda 

Driving Success in Vector Control Product Development for Public Health: TheCritical 

Role of Preferred Product Characteristics (PPC) and Target Product Profiles (TPP) 

Objectives: 

• To understand the critical role of preferred product characteristics 

(PPCs) andtarget product profiles (TPPs) in the development of 

vector control products. 

• To provide investigators with hands-on experience in developing these documents. 

Friday, June 26, 2020 

Time* Activity Speaker 

10:00 AM Welcome/Introduction Adriana Costero-Saint 

Denis/GhiorghisGhenbot, NIAID 

10:15 AM The Purpose, Development, and 

Implementation of TPPs for Vector 

Control Products for Public Health 

Sarah Rees, IVCC 

10:45 AM Why PPCs are essential - WHO's 

perspective 

David Schellenberg & Jan Kolaczinski, 

WHO 

11:00 AM Discussion ALL Participants (Lead: Gaby 

Zollner,DoD) 

11:30 AM Recent Experience with PPC and TPP 

Development - Investigator’s 

Perspective 

Molly Duman Scheel, Univ. of Notre 

Dame 

11:45 AM Discussion ALL Participants (Lead: Erica 

Lindroth,DoD) 

12:00 PM Adjourn 

Thursday, July 2, 2020 

Time* Activity Speaker 

10:00 AM Welcome/Introduction Adriana Costero-Saint 

Denis/GhiorghisGhenbot, NIAID 

10:15 AM How modeling can inform product 

development 

Melissa Penny, Swiss TPH 

10:30 AM Stage Gates in the Development of a 

Novel Vector Control Product 

Kendra Lawrence, DoD 

10:45 AM Killing a product – what to look for Melinda Hadi, Vestergaard 

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11:00 AM Discussion ALL Participants (Lead: Helen 

Jamet,BMGF) 

11:30 AM Preparation for August meeting Ghiorghis Ghenbot, NIAID 

12:00 PM Adjourn 

Thursday, August 6, 2020 

Time* Activity Speaker 

8:45 – 9:45 AM Team rooms available for final 

discussions/prep (optional) 

9:30 – 9:45 AM Team leaders test presentations 

(optional) 

10:00 AM Welcome & Introduction Ghiorghis Ghenbot/Adriana CosteroSaintDenis, NIAID 

10:10 AM Team A: Repellent Presentation (PPC/TPP – 20 minutes) 

Discussion (10 minutes) (Lead: 

GhiorghisGhenbot, NIAID) 

10: 40 AM Team B: Bed Net Combination Presentation (PPC/TPP – 20 

minutes) Discussion (10 minutes) 

(Lead: EricaLindroth, DoD) 

11:10 AM Break (10 minutes) 

11:20 AM Team C: Entomopathogenic fungus Presentation (PPC/TPP – 20 minutes) 

Discussion (10 minutes) (Lead: 

GhiorghisGhenbot, NIAID) 

11:50 PM Team D: Symbionts Presentation (PPC/TPP – 20 minutes) 

Discussion (10 minutes) (Lead: 

EricaLindroth, DoD) 

12:20 PM Final Discussion Leads: Ghiorghis Ghenbot, 

NIAID; Gabriela Zollner, DoD; 

Helen Jamet, 

BMGF 

12:50 PM Next Steps Adriana Costero-Saint Denis, NIAID 

1:00 PM Adjourn 

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Appendix 2: Participant List 

Last Name First Name Affiliation 

Abdoulaye Diabate Centre Muraz, Burkina Faso 

Achee Nicole University of Notre Dame 

Alphey Luke The Pirbright Institute, UK 

Armistead Jennifer US Agency for International Development (USAID) 

Carr Ann Vanderbilt University 

Catteruccia Flaminia Harvard University 

Chitale Rohit The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 

Dimopoulos George Johns Hopkins University 

Dobson Stephen MosquitoMate 

Duman Scheel Molly University of Notre Dame 

Elman Noel GearJump 

Farlow Robert Consultant 

Garver Lindsey Department of Defense (DoD) 

Gimnig John Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

Hadi Melinda Vestergaard 

Hill Catherine Purdue University 

Hutter Audrey Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 

James Stephanie Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) 

Jennings Susan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Koh Cassandra Institut Pasteur, France 

Kolaczinski Jan World Health Organization (WHO) 

Lampe David Duquesne University 

Lawrence Kendra Department of Defense (DoD) 

Lenhart Audrey Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

Macdonald Michael Consultant 

Miller Kristina The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 

Moorthy Vasee World Health Organization (WHO) 

Moussa Laura Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 

Norton Larry Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) 

Paton Douglas Harvard University 

Penny Melissa Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute 

Rasgon Jason Pennsylvania State University 

Rees Sarah Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) 

Saleh Carla Institut Pasteur, France 

Saunders Jennifer Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Schellenberg David World Health Organization (WHO) 

Scott Nicole Cybele Microbiome 

Skinner Anna The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 

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Last Name First Name Affiliation 

St. Leger Raymond University of MD, College Park 

Stevenson Jennifer World Health Organization (WHO) 

Stillwaugh Virna Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Van De Wyngaerde Marshall DoD/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) 

St. Leger Raymond University of MD, College Park 

Stevenson Jennifer World Health Organization (WHO) 

Stillwaugh Virna Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Van De Wyngaerde Marshall DoD/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) 

Zamisch Monica The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 

Zwiebel Laurence Vanderbilt University 

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Appendix 3: Workshop Organizers 

Last Name First Name Affiliation 

Costero-Saint Denis Adriana National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 

Ghenbot Ghiorghis National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 

Barsaku Venera National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 

Lindroth Erica Department of Defense 

Zollner Gabriela Department of Defense 

Jamet Helen 

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 

Malone David 

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 

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Appendix 4: Teams, Team Leads and Products 

Team Product Name Organization 

A REPELLENT Nicole Achee (lead) University of Notre Dame 

Nicole Scott Cybele Microbiome 

Jennifer Saunders EPA 

Lawrence Zwiebel Vanderbilt University 

Noel Elman JumpGear 

Michael McDonald Consultant 

Kendra Lawrence DoD 

B BED NET 

COMBINATION 

INSECTICIDE 

Sarah Rees (lead) IVCC 

Flaminia Catteruccia Harvard University 

Jason Rasgon Penn State University 

Melinda Hadi Vestergaard 

Lindsay Garver DoD 

John Gimnig CDC/PMI 

Jennifer Armistead USAID 

C ENTOMOPATHOGENIC 

FUNGUS 

David Malone(lead) BMGF 

Raymond St. Leger UMD, CollegePark 

Catherine Hill Purdue University 

Melissa Penny Swiss TPH 

Stephanie James FNIH 

Larry Norton IVCC 

Rohit Chitale DARPA 

D SYMBIONTS 

THAT 

INTERRUPT 

TRANSMISSION 

Molly Duman-Scheel (lead) University of Notre Dame 

Stephen Dobson MosquitoMate 

George Dimopoulos Johns Hopkins University 

David Lampe Duquesne University 

Marshall Van DeWyngaerde DoD/WRAIR 

Audrey Lenhart CDC 

Laura Moussa FDA 

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Appendix 5: List of Relevant Publications 

• Update on recent, ongoing and future GMP work on malaria entomology and vector 

control. February 5, 2020, Global Malaria Program/WHO: 

https://endmalaria.org/sites/default/files/u224/1_Jan%20Kolaczinski.pdf 

• The Importance of Vector Control for the Control and Elimination of Vector- Borne 

Diseases. January 16, 2020, PLoS NTD: 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6964823/pdf/pntd.0007831.pdf 

• WHO Target Product Profiles, Preferred Product Characteristics, and Target Regimen 

Profiles: https://www.who.int/observatories/global-observatory-on-health-research-anddevelopment/analyses-and-syntheses/who-r-d-blueprint/who-target-product-profiles 

• Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Nov. 11-

13, 2019, WHO https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240000759 

• WHO Prequalification Team: Vector Control Products: https://www.who.int/pq- vectorcontrol/en/ 

• The evaluation process for vector control products. June 2017, WHO 

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255644/WHO-HTM- GMP-2017.13-

eng.pdf 

• Simplifying and Clarifying Vector Control Product Listing and Policy Guidance. May 14, 

2018, https://www.who.int/vector-control/vcag/vcag-may2018-i2i-presentation.pdf?ua=1. 

• Integrating Vector Control Across Diseases. October 1, 2015, BMC Medicine: 

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12916-015-0491-4.pdf 

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