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<article lang="es" class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-full">

  
    

  
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      <div>EPOC</div>

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      <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained breadcrumbs-container"><div class="breadcrumbs"><ul> <li class='breadcrumb-home-single'><a href='/'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span> Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>EPOC</li></ul></div></div>
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                <a href="/es/salud/epoc" aria-label="¿Qué es la EPOC?-EPOC" hreflang="es">¿Qué es la EPOC?</a>
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      <div>EPOC</div>

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                  <h1  class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item"><span class="ht-kicker">EPOC </span>¿Qué es la EPOC?<hr>
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	<span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_24 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/epoc" data-a2a-title="¿Qué es la EPOC?">
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            <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>La EPOC, o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, es una afección causada por lesiones en las vías respiratorias u otras partes del pulmón que obstruyen el paso del aire y dificultan la respiración.</p><p><span><span class="entity-embed media entity-embed-nhlbi_video"><div class="embed-video-container embed-video-text-container-enabled align-center">
    
            <div class="field field--name-field-video-url field--type-video-embed-field field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="Aspectos básicos de la EPOC (3:52)" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_obAlFbZDbY?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1"></iframe>
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            <div class="field field--name-field-video-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>Aspectos básicos de la EPOC (3:52)</strong><br /><em>Conozca quiénes tienen riesgo de tener EPOC, a qué síntomas estar atento y cómo la enfermedad afecta a los pulmones (video en inglés).</em></p></div>
      
                          </div>
            </div></span></span></p><p>La EPOC puede provocar tos productiva (que expulsa mucha flema, una sustancia viscosa), llamada a veces tos blanda o tos húmeda. También puede causar dificultad para respirar, falta de aire, sensación de opresión en el pecho y otros síntomas. Dado que la EPOC es una enfermedad progresiva, sus síntomas a menudo surgen lentamente pero empeoran con el tiempo y pueden limitar su capacidad para realizar actividades del día a día. La EPOC grave puede incluso impedirle hacer actividades básicas como caminar, cocinar o encargarse de su cuidado personal.</p><p>En los Estados Unidos, el término EPOC se refiere a dos afecciones principales.</p><ul><li><strong>El enfisema</strong> se produce cuando las paredes entre muchos de los sacos de aire de los pulmones están dañadas. Habitualmente, estos sacos son elásticos o distensibles. Cuando toma aire, cada uno de los sacos se llena de aire, como un pequeño globo. Cuando espira, los sacos de aire se desinflan y el aire sale. Con enfisema, los pulmones tienen más dificultad para hacer salir el aire de su cuerpo.</li><li><strong>La </strong><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/bronquitis" rel="noreferrer"><strong>bronquitis</strong></a><strong> crónica (de larga duración)</strong> se produce por la irritación o 
  <span data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30b909cf-473b-40ad-84c9-c53481f00fe7" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-glossary-capitalization":"none","data-glossary-plural":"none","data-glossary-style":{"bold":0,"italic":0,"underline":0}}" data-langcode="es" class="entity-embed-glossary_term embedded-entity">

												



  <a class="glossary-term" href="#" title="Definicion de inflamación " alt="Definicion de inflamación" data-term="inflamación" data-pronunciation="inflamasión" data-definition="Una reacción del cuerpo a una  lesión y puede causar hinchazón, enrojecimiento o dolor." role="link">
		inflamación
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</span>
 repetida o constante del recubrimiento de las vías respiratorias. Se forma una gran cantidad de mucosidad espesa (flema) en las vías respiratorias, lo que dificulta la respiración. La mayoría de las personas que tienen EPOC presentan una mezcla de enfisema y bronquitis crónica en distintas proporciones, y la gravedad de cada afección varía de una persona a otra. En los Estados Unidos, casi 16 millones de adultos tienen EPOC diagnosticada, y muchos más no saben que la tienen. Más de la mitad de quienes reciben el diagnóstico son mujeres. La EPOC es una de las principales causas de discapacidad, y es la sexta causa de muerte más común en los Estados Unidos según los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC).</li></ul><p>La buena noticia es que la EPOC a menudo puede prevenirse, principalmente evitando fumar. En los Estados Unidos y en otros países desarrollados, fumar cigarrillos es una de las principales causas de EPOC, donde la mayoría de las personas que tienen EPOC fuman o fumaban. No obstante, en países en vías de desarrollo, la contaminación del aire es un factor de más peso, y la mitad de los casos de todo el mundo no están relacionados con el tabaco. La <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/deficiencia-de-alfa-1-antitripsina" rel="noreferrer">deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT)</a>, una afección genética rara, también puede causar EPOC.</p><p>Si bien no existe cura, hay <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/epoc/tratamiento" rel="noreferrer">tratamientos</a> y cambios en el estilo de vida, como dejar de fumar, que pueden ayudar a mejorar cómo se siente, mantenerle más activo y retrasar la evolución de la enfermedad. Es posible que también necesite oxigenoterapia, rehabilitación pulmonar o medicamentos para tratar posibles complicaciones.</p><p>
  <div data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ac9eaccf-2bf6-4dac-a3fc-b8206bc6fecd" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="entity_reference:entity_reference_entity_view" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"view_mode":"default","data-callout-width":"full"}" data-langcode="es" class="callout-embed-width-full entity-embed-callout embedded-entity">    

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<img loading="lazy" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" width="720" height="425" alt="Guía rápida sobre la enfermedad pulmonar obstructive crónica" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/crop_callout/public/2023-11/p8oo3q76.png?itok=ei8RIkET" class="b-lazy image-style-crop-callout" /></div>
      
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