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<article lang="es" class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-full">

  
    

  
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      <div>Enfermedad de células falciformes</div>

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                <a href="/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes" aria-label="¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?-Enfermedad de células falciformes" hreflang="es">¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?</a>
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                <a href="/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes/sintomas" aria-label="Síntomas-Enfermedad de células falciformes" hreflang="es">Síntomas</a>
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      <div>Enfermedad de células falciformes</div>

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                  <h1  class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item"><span class="ht-kicker">Enfermedad de células falciformes </span>¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?<hr>
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            <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-desc field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p><img data-entity-uuid="07f9e242-3bc2-48fe-8629-7146a94358de" data-entity-type="file" alt="smiling kids" width="623" height="415" class="align-right b-lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/20-1066%20GettyImages-1178808456_900x600_1.jpg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" /></p><p>La enfermedad de células falciformes es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios de los glóbulos rojos que afecta la hemoglobina, la proteína que transporta el oxígeno por el cuerpo. Normalmente, los glóbulos rojos tienen forma de disco y son lo suficientemente flexibles como para desplazarse fácilmente a través de los vasos sanguíneos. En la enfermedad de células falciformes, los glóbulos rojos adquieren forma de media luna o de hoz debido a una mutación genética. Estos glóbulos rojos falciformes no se doblan ni se mueven con facilidad y pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo al resto del cuerpo.</p><p>El flujo de sangre bloqueado hacia el cuerpo puede provocar problemas graves, como <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/accidente-cerebrovascular" rel="noreferrer">accidentes cerebrovasculares</a>, problemas con los ojos, infecciones y episodios de dolor, llamados crisis de dolor.</p><p>La enfermedad de células falciformes es una enfermedad de por vida. Un <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" rel="noreferrer">trasplante de médula ósea</a> es actualmente la única cura para la enfermedad de células falciformes. La terapia génica también se está explorando como otra posible cura, pero existen otros <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes/tratamiento" rel="noreferrer">tratamientos</a> eficaces que pueden reducir los <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes/sintomas" rel="noreferrer">síntomas</a> y prolongar la vida. Si tiene la enfermedad de células falciformes, su equipo de atención médica trabajará con usted en un plan de tratamiento para reducir sus síntomas y <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes/vivir-con-enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes" rel="noreferrer">controlar la afección</a>.</p><p>La enfermedad afecta a más de 100,000 personas en Estados Unidos y 20 millones de personas en todo el mundo. En Estados Unidos, la mayoría de las personas que tienen la enfermedad de células falciformes son de ascendencia africana o se identifican como negras.</p><ul><li>Aproximadamente 1 de cada 13 bebés de color o afroamericanos nace con el <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes/rasgo-de-celulas-falciformes" rel="noreferrer">rasgo de células falciformes</a>.</li><li>Aproximadamente 1 de cada 365 bebés de color o afroamericanos nace con la enfermedad de células falciformes.</li></ul><p>Muchas personas descendientes de hispanos, del sur de Europa, del Medio Oriente o indios asiáticos también tienen la enfermedad de células falciformes.</p><p>El NHLBI está liderando y apoyando investigaciones y ensayos clínicos para encontrar una cura para la enfermedad de células falciformes.</p><p>
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<img loading="lazy" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" width="612" height="792" alt="Enfermedad de Células Falciformes hoja informativa" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/crop_callout/public/2022-11/36642_NHLBI_OSPEEC_SCD_Factsheet_Spanish_forWeb_v08_RELEASE_Thumbnail%20%281%29.jpg?itok=0uh-mupA" class="b-lazy image-style-crop-callout" /></div>
      
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            <div class="field field--name-field-callout-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item">  <p>Aprenda sobre las causas, los signos y síntomas, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad de células falciformes.</p>

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