Filed 7/3/24 Pacific Department Stores Co. v. Chang CA2/ 2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

PACIFIC DEPARTMENT STORES CO. LTD.,

Plaintiff a nd Appellant

,

v.

CHI CHENG CHANG et al.,

Defendant s and Respondents

. B328364

(Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. 20STCV49851 )

APPEAL from a n order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Maurice A. Leiter , Judge

. Affirmed

.

WHGC and Michael G. York for Plaintiff and Appellant.

Husch Blackwell, Jules S. Zeman, Kevin Khachatryan,
Paul A. Calfo and Jamie Steiner for Defendants and
R espondent s

.2 Pla intiff and appellant Pacific Department Stores, Co. L td

. ( appellant ) appeals the order granting the motion of defendants and respondents Chi Cheng Chang and Shih En Chang ( respondents ) to stay the action based on forum non conveniens

. Appellant also challenges the denial of its ex parte application to
shorten time on its motion for reconsideration

. We find no error
and affirm the order s

.

BACKGROUND
Chi Ch e ng Chang was a former executive director for

app ellant . Shih En Chang was a former employee. Appellant filed this action, claiming Chi Cheng Chang and Shih En Chang misappropriated money. Respondents were served with the summons and complaint
in Taiwan. Resp o ndents filed a motion to quash service of summons, arguing they were not properly served and lacked
sufficient minimum contacts with the California forum. Initially

t he trial court found responden ts were properly served but continued the proceeding to allow appellant to conduct discovery regarding the issue of minimum contacts with the forum

. The
trial court subsequently found sufficient minimum contacts and
denied r espondents’ motion to quash. Respondents then filed a motion to dismiss or stay the action based on forum non conveniens, arguing Taiwan was the proper forum . The trial court granted the motion and stayed the action. Appellant filed a motion for reconside ration of the stay ; however, t he hearing on the matter was set after the deadline to appeal the stay . Appellant then filed an ex parte application to advance the hearing. T he application was denied.3 Appellant then filed a timely notice of appeal from the order staying the action and the order denying its ex parte application

.

CONTENTIONS ON APPEAL Appellant challenges the order staying the action on the ground the trial court abused its discretion by finding respondents’ motion based on forum non conveniens was timely

. Further, it argues the trial court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s ex parte application to advance its motion for
reconsideration.

DISCUSSION
I. There was no abuse of discretion in grant ing respondent s ’ motion to stay
A. Applicable law and standard of review
Code of Civil Procedure s ection 410.30

, 1 subdivision (a) provides: “When a court upon motion of a party or its own motion finds that in the interest of substantial justice an action should
be heard in a forum outside this state, the court shall stay or dismiss the action in whole or in part on any conditions that may be just.” Section 418.10 , subdivision (a)(2) permits a defendant to file a motion to stay or dismiss an action on the ground of
inconvenien t forum. “ ‘ A motion for a change of the place of trial on the ground that the convenience of witnesses and the ends of justice would be promoted by the change is committed to the
sound discretion of the trial court and its determination will not

1 All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise indicated.4

be disturb ed on appeal unless it clearly appears, as a matter of law, that there has been an abuse of such discretion. ’ ” ( Rycz v. Superior Court (2022) 81 Cal.App.5th 824, 837.)
B. Respondents’ forum non conveniens motion was timely Appellant’s attack on the respondents’ motion is based on respondents’ delay in filing , resulting in prejudice

. While

a ppellant contends the respondents’ delay in filing their motion was unreasonable, we recognize there is no strict deadline

. A defendant who has gene rally appeared in an action may make a forum non conveniens motion at any time. ( Britton v. Dallas Airmotive, Inc . (2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 127, 133.) The d efendants

, however, can not unreasonably delay bringing the motion; any delay would be relevant to whet her the motion should be granted

. ( Id . at p. 135.) G rounds exist to deny such a motion when an unreasonable delay causes prejudice to the plaintiff by giving a
defendant an undeserved advantage . ( Martinez v. Ford Motor Co

. (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 9, 19.) Su ch prejudice, for example, occurs when a defendant uses judicial discovery procedures to obtain an unfair advantage. ( Roulier v. Cannondale (2002) 101 Cal.App.4th 1180, 1191.) Here, there was no deadline for respondents to make a
forum non conveniens motion after they had made a general

appearance , that was deemed to have occurred when their motion to quash was denied on September 30, 2022. (See State Farm
General Ins. Co. v. JT ’ s Frames, Inc . (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 429,

440 [ holding a defendant is deemed to have generally appeared on entry of the order denying his or her motion to quash service
of summons ] .) Thus, respondents could file their motion at any time, so long as there was not an unreasonable delay.5 Respondents fil ed their forum non conveniens motion on October 28, 2022
, within 30 days of their September 30, 2022

appearance. This was not an unreasonable delay. Appellant , however, focuses on the nearly two years that passed from the filing of the complaint on December 30, 2020, arguing this delay caused prejudice as it caused appellant to
incur substantial attorney ’ s fees while opposing respondents’ motion to quash service of the summons and complaint

. Although appellant incurred attorney’s fees in litigat ing the jurisdiction al
issues arising from service in Taiwan , this alone is insufficient. This argument is unavailing because appellant identifies no undeserved advantage respondents obtained from the delay. In examining the reasonableness of respondents’ conduct
we observe respond ents waited to file the forum non conveniens
motion until after the trial court resolv ed the jurisdictional issues raised by their motion to quash service of summons. This was not
unreasonable a s had the motion to quash been granted , it would
have been unnecessary to bring the forum non conveniens
motion

. 2 Appellant also argues the trial court misconstrued the holding in Morris v. A G FA Corp. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1452
that it cited in support o f its finding that incurring attorney’s fees

2 Appellant seeks support in Martinez v. Ford Motor Co. (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 9 because that court found the delay of 18 months made the motion untimely due to prejudice. However, the finding of prejudice was not based on the passage of time, but on the defendant conducting discovery that went beyond what was needed for the forum non conveniens motion. ( Id. at p. 21.) Here, the record does not show respondents engaged in any such discovery or took other prejudicial actions beyond contesting service and jurisdiction.6

is not sufficient to show prejudice. Although Morris summarizes a contention that incurring attorney’s fees caused prejudice , it does

not expressly reject th e argument or hold that incurring attorney’s fees cannot constitute prejudice. Regardless, the trial
court did not abuse its discretion when it found respondents’ motion timely

. The motion had been filed within 30 days of the
decision on the motion to quash service of summons and complaint, and the re is n o showing the delay conferr ed an undeserved advantage on the respondents. Appellate courts will reverse or modify only for prejudicial

, as opposed to harmless

,

error. ( F.P. v. Monier (2017) 3 C al. 5th 1099, 1107

- 1108 .) Since respondents ’ motion was timely, any error in construing Morris is
harmless and not grounds to reverse.
II. There was no abuse of discretion in the denial of appellant’s ex parte application to advance the hearing Though a ppellant argues the trial court abused its
discretion by denying appellant’s ex parte application to advance the hearing on its motion for reconsideration of the order staying
the action

, appellant does not identify how the trial court abused its discretion. “[C]ourts have inherent autho rity to control their own calendars and dockets, and to inquire into their own jurisdiction.” ( Walker v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 257, 267.) An abuse of discretion is shown when there is no reasonable basis for the action. ( Denton v. City and County of San Francisco (2017) 16 Cal.App.5th 779, 791

- 792.) It is appellant’s burden to provide an adequate record to demonstrate reversible error. ( Jameson v. Desta (2018) 5 Cal.5th 594, 608

- 609.) “In the absence of a contrary showing in the record, all presum ptions in favor of the trial court’s action will be made by the appellate court. ‘If any7

matters could have been presented to the court below which would have authorized the order complained of, it will be presumed that such matters were presented.’” ( Benn ett v. McCall (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 122, 127.) Thus, we must conclusively presume the trial court’s findings are supported by the evidence when no transcript is provided on appeal. ( Nielsen v. Gibson (2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 318, 324.) A hearing was held on appellant’s ex parte application on March 2 , 2023. B oth sides appeared , argued, and the court issued its ruling after argument. Appellant fails to show the trial court had no reasonable basis to decline the ex parte application in its
efforts to control it s calendar and dockets. In the absence of a contrary showing in the record, all presumptions in favor of the
trial court’s denial will be made

. This requires us to conclusively presume the trial court ’s decision was based on argument and
facts sufficient to show the proper exercise of its discretion

. Furthermore , our review shows grounds existed to deny the ex parte application because a ppellant’s motion for
reconsideration was flawed in that appellant argued the trial
court should not find Taiw an to be a n adequate forum due to differences in discovery procedures. To obtain reconsideration of a prior order

, an appellant i s required to provide a satisfactory explanation for the failure to present a new fact, circumstance, or
law earlier . ( Baldwin v. Home Sav ings of America (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 1192, 1200 [holding court has no jurisdiction to reconsider a prior order in the absence of a showing of diligence].) Appellant did not provid e a satisfactory explanation for failing to submit evidence o f the adequacy of the Taiwan ese forum earlier

. Since it would be an idle act to advance a defective motion

, we8

can presume this was the basis for the trial court ’s denial of the ex parte applicati on.

DISPOSITION
The trial court’s order is affirmed

. Respondent s are awarded their costs of appeal.

________________________ CHAVEZ, J.

We concur:

________________________ ____ L UI

, P. J.

________________________ ____ HOFFSTADT, J.