<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions" />
<link rel="image_src" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI_Meta_Image.png" />
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NHLBI, NIH" />
<meta property="og:title" content="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI_Meta_Image.png" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@nih_nhlbi" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions? | NHLBI, NIH" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI_Meta_Image.png" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="//use.fontawesome.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="//themes.googleusercontent.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.addtoany.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://dap.digitalgov.gov" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.adobedtm.com" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Newborn breathing conditions,Infant breathing conditions,Baby breathing conditions,Newborn breathing conditions symptoms,Types of newborn breathing conditions,Diagnosing newborn breathing conditions,Treatment of newborn breathing conditions,Prognosis of newborn breathing conditions,Respiratory distress syndrome,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia" />
<meta name="description" content="While in the womb or shortly after birth, newborns can develop conditions that make it difficult for them to breathe. Learn more about the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments of newborn breathing conditions." />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions" />
<link rel="up" href="/node/93238" />
<link rel="next" href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/types" />
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.onclick = 1;
a2a_config.num_services = 4;
a2a_config.prioritize = [ 'facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'copy_link', ];
</script>
<style>.a2apage_wide.a2a_wide{display:none;}
.a2a_menu.a2a_full{display:none !important;}
#a2a_overlay{display:none !important;}
.addtoany_share span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;}
.a2a_button_email span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;}
.a2a_button_print span{background-color: #0051a8 !important;}
.a2a_s_link {background-color: #0051a8 !important;}</style>

    <title>Newborn Breathing Conditions - What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions? | NHLBI, NIH</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/ajax-progress.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tabledrag.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/nhlbi_ckeditor/css/nhlbi_ckeditor.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/blazy/css/blazy.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/blazy/css/components/blazy.loading.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/addtoany/css/addtoany.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/fontawesome.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/solid.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/regular.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/light.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/brands.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/thin.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/sharp-regular.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/sharp-light.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/sharp-solid.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/fontawesome/css/custom-icons.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/nih_extlink/nih_extlink.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/layout_discovery/layouts/onecol/onecol.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/layout_builder/layouts/threecol_section/threecol_section.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/layout_builder/layouts/twocol_section/twocol_section.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/book-navigation.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/css/uswds.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/styles.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/components.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/print.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/jquery-ui.min.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/components/book.css?sb60d1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/css/sidenav.css?sb60d1" />

    <script src="https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0098/3175.js" async></script>
<script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/073614e3197b/44904e2aeeca/launch-f5509bc9803f.min.js" async></script>

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-ipad.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/icons/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <script type="text/javascript">
      // Instructions: please embed this snippet directly into every page in your website template.
      // For optimal performance, this must be embedded directly into the template, not referenced
      // as an external file.

      // Verint Production Embed Script v2.01
      // DO NOT MODIFY BELOW THIS LINE *****************************************
      ;(function (g) {
        var d = document, am = d.createElement('script'), h = d.head || d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0], fsr = 'fsReady',
        aex = {
          "src": "//eex-gateway.fr011.ttecfed.com/sites/nhlbi-gov/production/gateway.min.js",
          "type": "text/javascript",
          "async": "true",
          "data-vendor": "fs",
          "data-role": "gateway"
        };
        for (var attr in aex) { am.setAttribute(attr, aex[attr]); } h.appendChild(am); g[fsr] || (g[fsr] = function () { var aT = '__' + fsr + '_stk__'; g[aT] = g[aT] || []; g[aT].push(arguments); });
      })(window);
      // DO NOT MODIFY ABOVE THIS LINE *****************************************

      // Un-comment out the function below when you are ready to input your variable
      fsReady(function() {
        const currentURL = window.location.href;
        FSR.CPPS.set("url", currentURL);
      });
    </script>
  </head>

  <body class="health-newborn-breathing-conditions path-node node--type-health-topics">
    <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link">
        Skip to main content
    </a>

    
      <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
    <div class="layout-container">

  <header role="banner" id="header" class="header row">
      <div class="region region-header">
    <div id="block-uswdsbanner" class="block block-block-content block-block-content481480b7-71a2-4bd6-aebd-bab5f19db932">
  
    
      
            <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><section aria-label="Official government website" class="usa-banner"><div class="usa-accordion">
<div class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto"><img alt="U.S. flag" class="usa-banner__header-flag b-lazy" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" /></div>

<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>

<p aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p>
</div>
<button aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" type="button"><span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span></button></div>
</div>

<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img b-lazy" role="img" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" /><div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p><strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img b-lazy" role="img" height="auto" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/img/icon-https.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" /><div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p><strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"><svg aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title-default banner-lock-description-default" class="usa-banner__lock-image" focusable="false" height="64" role="img" viewbox="0 0 52 64" width="52" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title id="banner-lock-title-default"></title><desc id="banner-lock-description-default">A locked padlock</desc><path d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></div>
      
  </div>
<div id="block-sitebranding-2" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block">
  
    
  	<script type="text/javascript">
		function toggleMainNavigationMenu(){
			jQuery('#main-menu-header-no-desktop ul.menu').toggle();
		};
	</script>

	
	<div id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockmain">
      

<div id="main-menu-container">
	<div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained">
		<div id="main-menu-header">
			<div id="main-site-top">
				<div id="main-site-logo">
					<a aria-label="home" href="/">
						<img class="b-lazy" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI-logo-75-year.svg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" alt="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Home"/>
					</a>
				</div>
				<div id="header-searchbox" class="last">


					<div class="global-search-bar" id="global-search-bar-tablet-desktop">
						<form action="/site-search" method="GET">
							<label for="searchQueryText_tablet_desktop" class="visually-hidden">
								<span>
									Search Query:
								</span>
							</label>
							<input id="searchQueryText_tablet_desktop" type="text" name="searchtext" placeholder="Search the NHLBI" autocomplete="off">
							<input type="submit" class="submit-button" aria-label="Global Search Desktop" label="Global Search Button">
						</form>
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div id="main-navbar">
				<div id="publication-shopping-cart"></div>
				<div id="searchBoxIconInner" tabindex="0" role="search"></div>
				<div class="hamburger-nav-icon-box">
					<div id="hamburger-nav-icon"></div>
				</div>
														<ul class="menu-level-0" role="menu" aria-label="main menu">
						<div class="active menu-item-link-main menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-vertical hidden">
							<span class="level-0-link" id="main-menu-item-main-button" tabindex="0">
								<a>
									MAIN MENU
								</a>
							</span>
						</div>

																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level"   class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  Health Topics
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-user-doctor menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-health-topics_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93751">All Health Topics A-Z</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/health/asthma" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92783">Asthma</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/health/heart-healthy-living" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93169">Heart-Healthy Living</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/health/high-blood-pressure" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93173">High Blood Pressure</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/health/sickle-cell-disease" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92844">Sickle Cell Disease</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/health/sleep-apnea" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93139">Sleep Apnea</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/covid" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89977">Information & Resources on COVID-19</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level"   class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  Health Education
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-book menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-resources_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/education" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80460">Education Programs and Initiatives</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86712">The Heart Truth®</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/BreatheBetter" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/87500">Learn More Breathe Better®</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/education/blood" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91892">Blood Diseases and Disorders Education Program</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/resources?f%5B0%5D=language%3AEnglish" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"f":["language:English"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/127707">Publications and Resources</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading"   class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-the-science"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-the-science-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  The Science
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-vial menu-style-split menu-style-final-link menu-style-1-level-heading" id="main-menu-item-the-science_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/science" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80002">Research Focus Areas</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/blood-disorders-and-blood-safety" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80037">Blood Disorders and Blood Safety</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/sleep-science-and-sleep-disorders" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80038">Sleep Science and Sleep Disorders</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/lung-diseases" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80039">Lung Diseases</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/health-disparities-and-inequities" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80046">Health Disparities and Inequities</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/heart-and-vascular-diseases" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80040">Heart and Vascular Diseases</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/precision-medicine-activities" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80042">Precision Medicine Activities</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/obesity-nutrition-and-physical-activity" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80041">Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/population-and-epidemiology-studies" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80043">Population and Epidemiology Studies</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/science/womens-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80044">Women’s Health</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/research/research-topics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/129758">Research Topics</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/research/clinical-trials" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93754">Clinical Trials</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li class="highlighted highlighted-button"  >
											<a href="/science/all-science" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83134">All Science A-Z</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level"   class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  Grants and Training
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-square-list menu-style-1-level" id="main-menu-item-grants-and-training_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li  >
											<a href="/grants-and-training" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80073">Grants and Training Home</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/grants-and-training/policies-procedures-and-guidelines" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80570">Policies and Guidelines</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/grants-and-training/funding-opportunities-and-contacts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80466">Funding Opportunities and Contacts</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/grants-and-training/training-and-career-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80462">Training and Career Development</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level"   class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  News and Events
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-horizontal fa-light fa-newspaper menu-style-2-level" id="main-menu-item-news-and-items_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/news-and-events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80001">News and Events Home</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/news-and-events/email-alerts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80442">Email Alerts</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">All News</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/news?news_type=press_release" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"press_release"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132"> NHLBI News</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/news?news_type=news_mention" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"news_mention"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">NHLBI in the Press</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/news?news_type=feature_article" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"news_type":"feature_article"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83132">Research Features</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">All Events</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/events?field_event_date_custom=Past%20Only" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"field_event_date_custom":"Past Only"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">Past Events</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/events?field_event_date_custom=Upcoming%20Only" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"field_event_date_custom":"Upcoming Only"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83133">Upcoming Events </a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
																				
              <li  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right"   class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi"   role="menuitem">
                <span class="level-0-link"  class="menu-item-link expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi-inner" tabindex="0" role="button">
                  About NHLBI
                </span>
								<div class="main-menu-children-wrapper" tab>
									<div class="level1-menu-wrapper hidden expand-vertical fa-light fa-circle-info menu-style-split menu-style-1-level-heading menu-style-1-level menu-style-align-right" id="main-menu-item-about-nhlbi_children">
																				
												
		

		<ul class="menu-level-1">

															<li class="highlighted"  >
											<a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80068">About NHLBI Home</a>
					
													
		

		<ul class="menu-level-2">

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/strategic-vision" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80111">Mission and Strategic Vision</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/leadership" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80312">Leadership</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/divisions" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86122">Divisions, Offices and Centers</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/advisory-and-peer-review-committees" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80100">Advisory Committees</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/budget-and-legislative-information" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/90263">Budget and Legislative Information</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/about/working-at-nhlbi" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80445">Jobs and Working at the NHLBI</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/contact" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93979">Contact and FAQs</a>
					
									</li>


				

															<li  >
											<a href="/sleep-research-plan" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92164">NIH Sleep Research Plan</a>
					
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</li>


				

					</ul>
	
									</div>
								</div>
							</li>
						
						<li class="active menu-item-link-home menu-item-link menu-item--active-trail expand-vertical" role="menuitem">
							<div class="level-0-link-home" id="main-menu-item-home-button" tabindex="0">
								<a href="/">
									HOME
								</a>
							</div>
						</li>
					</ul>
							</div>
		</div>
		<div id="global-search-bar-phone">
			<div class="global-search-bar">
				<form action="/site-search" method="GET">
					<label for="searchQueryText_phone">
						<span class="visually-hidden">
							Search Text:
						</span>
					</label>
					<input id="searchQueryText_phone" type="text" name="searchtext" placeholder="Search the NHLBI" autocomplete="off">
					<input type="submit" class="submit-button" aria-label="Global Search Mobile" label="Global Search Button">
				</form>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>



  </div>

	<div id="main-menu-blur-shadow">
	</div>

	<div id="main-menu-blur-shadow-tablet-mobile">
	</div>

	<div id="search-bar-blur-shadow">
	</div>

</div>

  </div>

  </header>

  
  

  

  

  

  <main role="main" id="main" class="row">
    <div id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></div>    
    <div class="flexible two-sidebars">   
 
    <div id="cart-container-wrapper-lightbox"></div>
    <div class="layout-content">
        <div class="region region-content">
    <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>




<article class="node node--type-health-topics node--view-mode-full">

  
    

  
  <div class="node__content">
      <div class="layout layout--onecol">
    <div  class="layout__region layout__region--content">
      <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic node-theme-blue field__item block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-book-name">
  
    
      <div>Newborn Breathing Conditions</div>

  </div>
<div class="block block-nhlbi-utils block-nhlbi-global-breadcrumb">
  
    
      <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained breadcrumbs-container"><div class="breadcrumbs"><ul> <li class='breadcrumb-home'><a href='/'>Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-parent'><a href='/node/93751'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span>Health Topics</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>Newborn Breathing Conditions</li></ul></div></div>
  </div>
<div class="block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodehealth-topicscontent-moderation-control">
  
    
      
  </div>
<div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-hide-social-media-icons">
  
    
      
            <div class="field field--name-field-hide-social-media-icons field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field__item">0</div>
      
  </div>

    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--25-75">

          <div  class="layout__region layout__region--first">
        
<div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-book-navigation component-health-topics-menu">
  
    
      


  <div class="view-health-topics-menu view-id-health_topics_menu view-display-id-block_1 component-health-topics-blue">
    <div class="view-header nav-heading">
        <div class="nav-header-inner">
            <a href="" hreflang="en">Newborn Breathing Conditions</a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-button-wrapper">
            <a class="button nav-button" id="component-submenu-toggle" href="javascript:void(0);">
                <span class="subnav-inner-text">MENU</span></a>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="block block-nhlbi-utils block-nhlbi-global-breadcrumb">
  
    
      <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained breadcrumbs-container"><div class="breadcrumbs"><ul> <li class='breadcrumb-home'><a href='/'>Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-parent'><a href='/node/93751'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span>Health Topics</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>Newborn Breathing Conditions</li></ul></div></div>
  </div>

  <div class="view-content">
      <div class="subnav-menu-wrapper responsive-container responsive-container-constrained component-health-topics-blue">
                              <ul class="subnav-menu">
                                    
                          <li class="nav-active-trail nav-active section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions" aria-label="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/types" aria-label="Types-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Types</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/symptoms" aria-label="Symptoms-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Symptoms</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/diagnosis" aria-label="Diagnosis-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Diagnosis</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/causes" aria-label="Causes and Risk Factors-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Causes and Risk Factors</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/treatment" aria-label="Treatment-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Treatment</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/respiratory-distress-syndrome" aria-label="Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)</a>
                              </li>
                                                  
                          <li class="section-menu-item subnav-link">
                <a href="/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia" aria-label="Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)-Newborn Breathing Conditions" hreflang="en">Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)</a>
                              </li>
                                      </ul>
            </div>
  </div>
</div>



  </div>
<div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-more-info">
  
    
      
            <div class="field field--name-field-component-more-information field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item">
            
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--component-more-information paragraph--view-mode--default responsive-container responsive-container-constrained component-more-information component-more-information-theme-blue">
        <div class="health-topics-more-information">
                  <p>MORE INFORMATION</p>
                        <div class="clinical-trials-info-link">
            <i class="fas fa-notes-medical"></i>
            <a href="/research/clinical-trials?f%5B0%5D=disease_or_condition_name%3ANewborn%20Breathing%20Conditions">
                Find a clinical trial
            </a>
        </div>
                                    <div class="research-info-link">
                <i class="fas fa-microscope"></i>
                <a href="/research/newborn-breathing-conditions">
                    Research
                </a>
            </div>
            </div>
    </div>
</div>
      
  </div>

      </div>
    
          <div  class="layout__region layout__region--second">
        <div class="field field--name-field-health-topic node-theme-blue field__item block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-health-topics-book-name">
  
    
      <div>Newborn Breathing Conditions</div>

  </div>
<div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicstitle">
  
    
                  <h1  class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item"><span class="ht-kicker">Newborn Breathing Conditions </span>What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?<hr>
      </h1>
      
  </div>
<div class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block">
  
    
      
<div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained">
				
	<span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_24 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions" data-a2a-title="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?">
							<a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhlbi.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Fnewborn-breathing-conditions&title=What%20Are%20Newborn%20Breathing%20Conditions%3F">
							<img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/share-alt-icon.svg" alt="Share">
					</a>
		
		
					<a class="a2a_button_email"></a>
<a class="a2a_button_print"></a>
		
			</span>
</div>

  </div>
<div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-content" role="navigation">
  
    
      <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"><h2  class="visually-hidden" aria-label="Switch to Espanol">Language switcher</h2><ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93239" class="is-active"><a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93239">English</a></li></ul>
  </div>
  </div>
<div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-page-links">
  
    
      
  
  </div>
<div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-component-sections">
  
    
      
<div class="field field--name-field-component-sections field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden">
    <div class='field__items'>
            
<div class="paragraph component component-section component-theme-white component-section-theme-white component-section-node-theme- paragraph--type--component-section paragraph--view-mode--default">
  <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained">
    
            <div class="field field--name-field-component-section-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden clearfix field__item"><p>
<img alt="premature newborn baby" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e363fe5a-601d-49c9-8c4e-77aea156eb8a" data-image-style="large" width="480" height="308" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/inline-images/iStock-517612544.jpeg?itok=PCZW8326" class="align-right b-lazy embeddedImageModal" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" />

Newborns that struggle to breathe shortly after birth may have a breathing condition. There are many types of breathing problems that affect newborns, such as transient tachypnea of the newborn, <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/respiratory-distress-syndrome" rel="noreferrer">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)</a>, <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia" rel="noreferrer">bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001596.htm" rel="noreferrer">meconium aspiration syndrome</a>, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, pneumonia, and apnea.</p>

<p>The type of breathing condition that a newborn has depends on the <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/causes" rel="noreferrer">cause</a>. Premature birth, especially before 32 weeks of pregnancy, commonly leads to respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is when a baby born prematurely continues to require oxygen after reaching what would have been their 36th week of gestation.</p>

<p>If your healthcare provider is concerned that you may give birth several weeks before your due date, they may give you medicines called corticosteroids to help decrease the <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/causes" rel="noreferrer">risk of breathing disorders</a> for your newborn. After the baby is born, a provider will watch them closely for any <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/symptoms" rel="noreferrer">symptoms of a breathing disorder</a>, such as irregular breathing, grunting, or a bluish tint to the baby’s skin.</p>

<p>If your baby has any of these symptoms, providers must act quickly to <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/diagnosis" rel="noreferrer">find out what is wrong</a> and begin <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/treatment" rel="noreferrer">treatment</a><span> </span>to help them breathe. Breathing support using a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) device is very common. Often, newborn breathing conditions can be treated if they are found early. Most babies improve gradually in the days, weeks, and months that follow, when they get the right treatment and supervision.</p></div>
      
  </div>
</div>

      </div>
  </div>

  </div>
<div class="block block-nhlbi-health-topics block-nhlbi-book-nav-block">
  
    
      


  <nav id="book-navigation-93238" class="book-navigation responsive-container-constrained" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="book-label-93238">
      <h3 class="visually-hidden" id="book-label-93238">Book traversal links for What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?</h3>
      <ul class="book-pager">
                    <li class="book-pager__item book-pager__item--next">
                      <h4 class="nav-label">Next</h4>
                    <a href="/health/newborn-breathing-conditions/types" rel="next" title="Go to next page">Types <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></a>
        </li>
          </ul>
  </nav>

  </div>

      </div>
    
  </div>
  <div class="layout layout--onecol">
    <div  class="layout__region layout__region--content">
      <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodehealth-topicsfield-last-updated">
  
    
      
  <div class="field field--name-field-last-updated field--type-datetime field--label-hidden responsive-container responsive-container-constrained field__item">Last updated on <time datetime="2022-03-24T12:00:00Z" class="datetime"><span>March 24, 2022</span></time>
</div>




  </div>

    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="layout layout--onecol">
    <div  class="layout__region layout__region--content">
      <div class="block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodehealth-topicslinks">
  
    
      
  </div>

    </div>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>

  </div>

    </div>
    
        </div>
  </main>

      <footer role="contentinfo">
        <div class="region region-footer">
    <div id="block-footerblock" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente34e68d7-0b62-4cbe-ada1-9e43b89bc1ac">
  
    
        <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained layout layout--onecol">
    <div  class="layout__region layout__region--content">
      


<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="back-to-top-link-menu"  class="block block-menu navigation menu--back-to-top-link">

        
  
  <div  class="visually-hidden" id="back-to-top-link-menu" class="h2">
    Back To Top Link
  </div>
  

        

        <div  class="menu">
                      <div class="menu-item"
                           class="menu-item" style="height:1em;"
              >
                    <a href="#main-content" class="back-to-top-link">Back to top</a>
                      </div>
        </div>
  

  </nav>

    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="layout layout--threecol-section layout--threecol-section--33-34-33 footer-top responsive-container responsive-container-constrained">

          <div  class="layout__region layout__region--first">
        


<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="web-policies-notices-menu"  class="block block-menu navigation menu--web-policies-notices">

  
  
  <div  id="web-policies-notices-menu" class="h2">
    Web Policies & Notices
  </div>
  

        

              <ul class="menu">
                          <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94303">Accessibility</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act" rel="noreferrer"> No FEAR Act Data</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility/privacy-statement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/122847">Privacy Policy</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="/about/contact/website-privacy-and-accessibility" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94303">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" rel="noreferrer">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
              </li>
        </ul>
  

  </nav>

      </div>
    
          <div  class="layout__region layout__region--second">
        


<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="related-government-websites-menu"  class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-government-websites">

  
  
  <div  id="related-government-websites-menu" class="h2">
    Related Government Websites
  </div>
  

        

              <ul class="menu">
                          <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" rel="noreferrer">Health and Human Services</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://www.nih.gov/" rel="noreferrer">National Institutes of Health</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/" rel="noreferrer">Office of the Inspector General</a>
              </li>
                      <li class="menu-item"
                      >
        <a href="https://www.usa.gov/" rel="noreferrer">USA.gov</a>
              </li>
        </ul>
  

  </nav>

      </div>
    
          <div  class="layout__region layout__region--third">
        <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content9c447866-1f95-4857-a5d6-00015338372f">
  
      <div  class="h2">
      Stay Connected
    </div>
    
      
            <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ul class="ft-stay-connected"><li class="live-chat-link"><p><img class="b-lazy b-loaded is-b-loaded b-lazy" alt="chat bubbles" height="30" loading="lazy" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/messages-question-regular.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" /><a class="ext" href="#" onclick="window.open('https://nhlbichat.iqsolutions.com/chatbeacon/NIH/1/survey/survey?accountId=1&siteId=1&queueId=1&theme=blue&popout=true&sessionId=602860bd-6613-4f2f-a3b6-bf1cf9f4d39f&visitorId=9ca462e3-5378-4b69-90b9-b38ce5259877&ispopout=true&pc=true','Live Chat','width=435,height=700'); return false;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Live Chat</a><span class="ext-icon" tabindex="0">  </span></p><p>Live Chat with us, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST.</p></li><li class="emails-alert-link"><p><img class="b-lazy b-loaded is-b-loaded b-lazy" alt="envelope" height="30" loading="lazy" width="auto" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/envelope-open-text-solid.svg" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" />Get Email Alerts</p><p>Receive automatic alerts about NHLBI related news and highlights from across the Institute.</p></li></ul></div>
      
  </div>

      </div>
    
  </div>
  <div class="layout-section-background-dark-blue layout layout--onecol">
    <div  class="layout__region layout__region--content">
      


<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="footer-bottom-menu"  class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer-bottom">

        
  
  <div  class="visually-hidden" id="footer-bottom-menu" class="h2">
    Footer Bottom
  </div>
  

        



<div id="footer-bottom-container" class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained">
        <div class="footer-bottom-logo">
            <a aria-label="home" href="/">
                <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/NHLBI_HHS_Lockup_white.svg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" alt="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Home"/>
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="footer-bottom-links">
                            <ul>
                            <li>
                    <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93979"> Contact Us</a>
                                    </li>
                            <li>
                    <a href="/siteindex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83138">Site Index</a>
                                    </li>
                            <li>
                    <a href="/about/working-at-nhlbi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80445">Jobs</a>
                                    </li>
                    </ul>
    
        </div>
        <div class="footer-bottom-social">
            <ul id="footer-social">
                <li><a id="facebooklink" href="https://www.facebook.com/NHLBI/"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/ico-facebook-white.svg" alt="Facebook social media"></a></li>
                <li><a id="twitterlink" href="https://twitter.com/nih_nhlbi?lang=en"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/x-twitter-logo.svg" alt="X social media"></a></li>
                <li><a id="youtubelink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NHLBI"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/ico-youtube-white.svg" alt="Youtube social media"></a></li>
                <li><a id="linkedinlink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-heart-lung-and-blood-institute"><img src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/images/linkedin-brands.svg" alt="LinkedIn social media"></a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
</div>

  </nav>

    </div>
  </div>

  </div>

  </div>

    </footer>
  
</div>
  </div>

    

    
    <form  id="publication-checkout" action="https://catalog.nhlbi.nih.gov/checkout" method="post">
      <input type="hidden" name="orderId" value="">
      <input type="hidden" name="payload" value="">
      <input type="submit" value="Checkout">
    </form>

    <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/93239","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"embedButtons":{"media_embed":{"id":"media_embed","icon":"\/modules\/contrib\/entity_embed\/js\/plugins\/drupalentity\/entity.png"},"node":{"id":"node","icon":"\/modules\/contrib\/entity_embed\/js\/plugins\/drupalentity\/entity.png"}},"modulePath":"modules\/contrib\/entity_embed","data":{"nih_extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":".*.nih.gov","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extIconAlert":true,"extIconAlertTitle":"External Web Site Policy","extIconAlertText":"\u003Cp\u003EThis graphic notice (\u003Cimg alt=\u0022External Web Site Policy\u0022 height=\u002210\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/images\/external-link.png\u0022 title=\u0022External Web Site Policy\u0022 width=\u002210\u0022 \/\u003E) means that you are leaving the NIH website.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENIH cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELinking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIH or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EYou will be subject to the destination site\u2019s privacy policy when you follow the link.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":""}},"hearts":{"heartsJS":{"markers":[{"lat_value":"43.0389025","lon_value":"-87.9064736","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Milwaukee, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.0293059","lon_value":"-78.4766781","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charlottesville, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.2526647","lon_value":"-85.7584557","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Louisville, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.549333","lon_value":"-97.1466695","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Waco-Temple-Bryan, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.4487364","lon_value":"-99.7331439","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Abilene-Sweetwater, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.6763545","lon_value":"-86.2519898","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"South Bend-Elkhart, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1539816","lon_value":"-95.992775","count_value":"121","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tulsa, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.7866719","lon_value":"-92.1004852","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Duluth, MN-Superior, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.4208305","lon_value":"-119.6981901","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-San Luis Obispo, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.9633599","lon_value":"-85.6680863","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1626638","lon_value":"-86.7816016","count_value":"45","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Nashville, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.7377981","lon_value":"-119.7871247","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Fresno-Visalia, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.298603057861","lon_value":"-90.185050964355","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"9vxzezc3","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"30.3321838","lon_value":"-81.655651","count_value":"29","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jacksonville, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.4514677","lon_value":"-91.1871466","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Baton Rouge, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0581728","lon_value":"-121.3153096","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bend, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.4667034","lon_value":"-87.4139092","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Terre Haute, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.0456297","lon_value":"-85.3096801","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chattanooga, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.357246398926","lon_value":"-74.667549133301","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dr4vsfuf","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"41.8239891","lon_value":"-71.4128343","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Providence, RI-New Bedford, MA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2806451","lon_value":"-80.3445341","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Clarksburg-Weston, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.5891452","lon_value":"-112.0391057","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Helena, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.9778795","lon_value":"-91.6656232","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City \u0026 Dubuque, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.1164204","lon_value":"-88.2433829","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Champaign \u0026 Springfield-Decatur, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.7764749","lon_value":"-79.9310512","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charleston, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.0843859","lon_value":"-106.650422","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albuquerque-Santa Fe, NM","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.2459149","lon_value":"-75.8813075","count_value":"21","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.7604267","lon_value":"-95.3698028","count_value":"42","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Houston, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.9715592","lon_value":"-87.5710898","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Evansville, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.984642028809","lon_value":"-77.094841003418","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dqcjv8vq","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"39.0473451","lon_value":"-95.6751576","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Topeka, KS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4734978","lon_value":"-82.0105148","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Augusta, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.4758825","lon_value":"-73.212072","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Burlington, VT-Plattsburgh, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.4609764","lon_value":"-84.9877094","count_value":"18","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.2731911","lon_value":"-76.8867008","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.6953657","lon_value":"-88.0398912","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Mobile, AL-Pensacola (Ft. Walton Beach), FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.0125274","lon_value":"-83.6874562","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Flint-Saginaw-Bay City, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.0038232","lon_value":"-112.5347775","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Butte-Bozeman, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2089572","lon_value":"-93.2922989","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Springfield, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.0007104","lon_value":"-81.0348144","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbia, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.5052849","lon_value":"-111.3007715","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Great Falls, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"45.232429504395","lon_value":"-88.007698059082","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"f013m66f","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"30.2240897","lon_value":"-92.0198427","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lafayette, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.6356618","lon_value":"-96.6088805","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sherman, TX-Ada, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.6516344","lon_value":"-82.3248262","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Gainesville, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"48.2329668","lon_value":"-101.2922906","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Minot-Bismarck-Dickinson(Williston), ND","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.4241219","lon_value":"-98.4936282","count_value":"20","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Antonio, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.7630567","lon_value":"-85.6206317","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Traverse City-Cadillac, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.7489954","lon_value":"-84.3879824","count_value":"82","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Atlanta, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.712757110596","lon_value":"-74.006309509277","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dr5regw3","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"41.0997803","lon_value":"-80.6495194","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Youngstown, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.4406248","lon_value":"-79.9958864","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Pittsburgh, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.907051086426","lon_value":"-77.037162780762","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dqcjqfz6","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"43.0481221","lon_value":"-76.1474244","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Syracuse, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.813616","lon_value":"-96.7025955","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lincoln \u0026 Hastings-Kearney, NE","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.1906306","lon_value":"-97.6961026","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harlingen-Weslaco-Brownsville-McAllen, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.0997265","lon_value":"-94.5785667","count_value":"57","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Kansas City, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"61.2180556","lon_value":"-149.9002778","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Anchorage, AK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.3859242","lon_value":"-94.3985475","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Smith-Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.5035613","lon_value":"-99.5075519","count_value":"20","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Laredo, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.6062095","lon_value":"-122.3320708","count_value":"58","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Seattle-Tacoma, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.0405837","lon_value":"-84.5037164","count_value":"40","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lexington, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.877994537354","lon_value":"-87.630043029785","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dp3wjztv","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"46.8721284","lon_value":"-113.9940314","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Missoula, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.9510658","lon_value":"-90.0715323","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"New Orleans, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.3267407","lon_value":"-78.9219698","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Johnstown-Altoona, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.3134397","lon_value":"-82.3534727","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tri-Cities, TN-VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.5407246","lon_value":"-77.4360481","count_value":"45","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Richmond-Petersburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.3792233","lon_value":"-86.3077368","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Montgomery-Selma, AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"29.423961639404","lon_value":"-98.493804931641","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"9v1zqsrp","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"37.0842271","lon_value":"-94.513281","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Joplin, MO-Pittsburg, KS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.8456816","lon_value":"-102.3676431","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Odessa-Midland, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"21.3069444","lon_value":"-157.8583333","count_value":"13","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Honolulu, HI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.2711311","lon_value":"-89.0939952","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Rockford, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.8507689","lon_value":"-76.2858726","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.6002378","lon_value":"-121.8946761","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Monterey-Salinas, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.7303688","lon_value":"-86.5861037","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Huntsville-Decatur (Florence), AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"28.8052674","lon_value":"-97.0035982","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Victoria, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"47.6587802","lon_value":"-117.4260465","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Spokane, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.0730517","lon_value":"-89.4012302","count_value":"11","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Madison, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.6145169","lon_value":"-88.8139469","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jackson, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.3112936","lon_value":"-92.4451371","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Alexandria, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.49932","lon_value":"-81.6943605","count_value":"28","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cleveland-Akron (Canton), OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.5133188","lon_value":"-88.0132958","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Green Bay-Appleton, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.732535","lon_value":"-84.5555347","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lansing, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.2565369","lon_value":"-95.9345034","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Omaha, NE","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.612661","lon_value":"-77.3663538","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Greenville-New Bern-Washington, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.5815719","lon_value":"-121.4943996","count_value":"14","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.6590993","lon_value":"-70.2568189","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Portland-Auburn, ME","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.6871761","lon_value":"-97.330053","count_value":"34","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wichita-Hutchinson, KS Plus","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4956744","lon_value":"-88.4272627","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus-Tupelo-West Point, MS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.5473028","lon_value":"-96.728333","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sioux Falls (Mitchell), SD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.6525793","lon_value":"-73.7562317","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.5427278","lon_value":"-111.8431068","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Idaho Falls-Pocatello, ID","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.9071923","lon_value":"-77.0368707","count_value":"438","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Washington, DC (Hagerstown, MD)","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.8137751","lon_value":"-91.2519017","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"La Crosse-Eau Claire, WI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.9517053","lon_value":"-92.3340724","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbia-Jefferson City, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.9685219","lon_value":"-86.4808043","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bowling Green, KY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.3600825","lon_value":"-71.0588801","count_value":"50","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Boston, MA (Manchester, NH)","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"22.096424102783","lon_value":"-159.52629089355","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"87yt9ys9","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"39.9611755","lon_value":"-82.9987942","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Columbus, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0121221","lon_value":"-92.4801989","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Rochester, MN-Mason City, IA-Austin, MN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.0833893","lon_value":"-88.6000478","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Paducah, KY-Cape Girardeau, MO-Harrisburg, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.8406946","lon_value":"-83.6324022","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Macon, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.4963416","lon_value":"-96.4049408","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Sioux City, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.977753","lon_value":"-93.2650108","count_value":"43","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.0726354","lon_value":"-79.7919754","count_value":"6","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Greensboro-High Point-Winston Salem, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.258567810059","lon_value":"-87.840843200684","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dp983huq","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"45.7832856","lon_value":"-108.5006904","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Billings, MT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.7795897","lon_value":"-78.6381787","count_value":"59","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville), NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.5296329","lon_value":"-119.8138027","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Reno, NV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.5785074","lon_value":"-84.155741","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Albany, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.4382559","lon_value":"-84.2807329","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tallahassee, FL-Thomasville, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.7766642","lon_value":"-96.7969879","count_value":"127","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.1031182","lon_value":"-84.5120196","count_value":"15","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Cincinnati, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.9137085","lon_value":"-98.4933873","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wichita Falls, TX-Lawton, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.8864468","lon_value":"-78.8783689","count_value":"18","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Buffalo, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.5093109","lon_value":"-92.1193012","count_value":"24","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Monroe, LA-El Dorado, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.5185892","lon_value":"-86.8103567","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Birmingham (Anniston and Tuscaloosa), AL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.4483771","lon_value":"-112.0740373","count_value":"56","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Phoenix, AZ","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.7127753","lon_value":"-74.0059728","count_value":"134","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"New York, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2903848","lon_value":"-76.6121893","count_value":"42","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Baltimore, MD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.267153","lon_value":"-97.7430608","count_value":"15","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Austin, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7284944","lon_value":"-121.8374777","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chico-Redding, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"31.7618778","lon_value":"-106.4850217","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"El Paso, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.6936488","lon_value":"-89.5889864","count_value":"33","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Peoria-Bloomington, IL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.7658043","lon_value":"-72.6733723","count_value":"37","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Hartford \u0026 New Haven, CT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.3512601","lon_value":"-95.3010624","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tyler-Longview(Lufkin \u0026 Nacogdoches), TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.748970031738","lon_value":"-84.388046264648","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"djgzzxyd","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"38.4495688","lon_value":"-78.8689155","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Harrisonburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.5868353","lon_value":"-93.6249593","count_value":"22","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Des Moines-Ames, IA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.5778631","lon_value":"-101.8551665","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lubbock, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.640628","lon_value":"-81.8723084","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Myers-Naples, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.44722366333","lon_value":"-71.22745513916","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"drt37pmc","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"32.2987573","lon_value":"-90.1848103","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Jackson, MS","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.8302961","lon_value":"-116.5452921","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Palm Springs, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.2219971","lon_value":"-101.8312969","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Amarillo, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.1292241","lon_value":"-80.085059","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Erie, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"44.0520691","lon_value":"-123.0867536","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Eugene, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.1495343","lon_value":"-90.0489801","count_value":"12","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Memphis, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7589478","lon_value":"-84.1916069","count_value":"9","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Dayton, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"36.1699412","lon_value":"-115.1398296","count_value":"17","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Las Vegas, NV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.742551","lon_value":"-84.1052256","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lima, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.7607793","lon_value":"-111.8910474","count_value":"36","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Salt Lake City, UT","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.0639616","lon_value":"-80.7209149","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wheeling, WV-Steubenville, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.8771863","lon_value":"-96.7898034","count_value":"11","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Fargo-Valley City, ND","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.8005828","lon_value":"-97.396381","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Corpus Christi, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.0522342","lon_value":"-118.2436849","count_value":"73","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Los Angeles, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.2103894","lon_value":"-77.8868117","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Wilmington, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.331352233887","lon_value":"-83.045997619629","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dpsby4py","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"43.100903","lon_value":"-75.232664","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Utica, NY","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"27.950575","lon_value":"-82.4571776","count_value":"80","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota), FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.6528052","lon_value":"-83.5378674","count_value":"8","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Toledo, OH","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.7464809","lon_value":"-92.2895948","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.079273","lon_value":"-85.1393513","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Ft. Wayne, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.2667418","lon_value":"-81.5615135","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Parkersburg, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.7749295","lon_value":"-122.4194155","count_value":"41","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.768403","lon_value":"-86.158068","count_value":"40","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Indianapolis, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"42.331427","lon_value":"-83.0457538","count_value":"30","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Detroit, MI","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"25.7616798","lon_value":"-80.1917902","count_value":"27","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.3498195","lon_value":"-81.6326234","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charleston-Huntington, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.080174","lon_value":"-94.1265562","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.3606736","lon_value":"-75.5993692","count_value":"19","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Salisbury, MD","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.9525839","lon_value":"-75.1652215","count_value":"80","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Philadelphia, PA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.0808989","lon_value":"-81.091203","count_value":"5","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Savannah, GA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"45.5122308","lon_value":"-122.6587185","count_value":"37","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Portland, OR","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.5251516","lon_value":"-93.7501789","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Shreveport, LA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2698395","lon_value":"-81.2223195","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Bluefield-Beckley-Oak Hill, WV","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"30.1588129","lon_value":"-85.6602058","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Panama City, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"34.924850463867","lon_value":"-81.025199890137","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":"dnnqsjzk","name_value":false,"type_value":"event"},{"lat_value":"35.9606384","lon_value":"-83.9207392","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Knoxville, TN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.4675602","lon_value":"-97.5164276","count_value":"21","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Oklahoma City, OK","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.8338816","lon_value":"-104.8213634","count_value":"4","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Colorado Springs-Pueblo, CO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"26.7153424","lon_value":"-80.0533746","count_value":"7","marker_size_value":"2","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"28.5383355","lon_value":"-81.3792365","count_value":"25","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne, FL","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"43.6150186","lon_value":"-116.2023137","count_value":"23","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Boise, ID","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"38.6270025","lon_value":"-90.1994042","count_value":"35","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"St. Louis, MO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"37.2709704","lon_value":"-79.9414266","count_value":"10","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Roanoke-Lynchburg, VA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.715738","lon_value":"-117.1610838","count_value":"32","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"San Diego, CA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"35.2270869","lon_value":"-80.8431267","count_value":"23","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Charlotte, NC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"33.6890603","lon_value":"-78.8866943","count_value":"3","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Myrtle Beach-Florence, SC","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"40.4167022","lon_value":"-86.8752869","count_value":"1","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Lafayette, IN","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"46.6020711","lon_value":"-120.5058987","count_value":"2","marker_size_value":"1","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Yakima-Pasco-Richland-Kennewick, WA","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"39.7392358","lon_value":"-104.990251","count_value":"48","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Denver, CO","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"32.2226066","lon_value":"-110.9747108","count_value":"16","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Tucson (Sierra Vista), AZ","type_value":"post"},{"lat_value":"41.8781136","lon_value":"-87.6297982","count_value":"122","marker_size_value":"3","geohash_value":false,"name_value":"Chicago, IL","type_value":"post"}]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"491b77d40f6283df569657d63f3c0d8a9d5e14a26f11b80e0b78bb88da676cba"}}</script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.0"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/dblazy.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dataset.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.viewport.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dom.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.xlazy.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.observer.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.loading.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.base.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.media.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.drupal.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.load.min.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/entity_embed/js/entity_embed.set_dynamic_icons.js?sb60d1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/ckeditor5/ckeditor5-dll/ckeditor5-dll.js?v=39.0.1"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/js/uswds-init.min.js?v=3.1.0"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/assets/uswds/dist/js/uswds.min.js?v=3.1.0"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?v=3.0.5"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/component_load_more.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/script.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/textsizer.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery.simplemodal.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery-migrate-3.0.0.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jquery-ui.min.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/jQuery.print.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/ck_entity_embed.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/stacktable.min.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/smoothscroll.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/view_more_pager.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/banner_promotion.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/nhlbi_catalog_pubs.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/nhlbi-ourhearts-datepicker.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/alerts.js?v=15.2"></script>
<script src="/modules/custom/nih_extlink/nih_extlink.js?v=10.1.5"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/health_topics_sidenav.js?v=1.x"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/components/nhlbi_page_links.js?v=1.x"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/accordions.js?v=1.x"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/read_more.js?v=1.x"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/nhlbi/js/nhlbi_print_modal.js?v=1.x"></script>


        <script async="" type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&sdor=nih.gov"></script>
  </body>
</html>