# Patent

## Title
Method and system for accessing content on demand

## Abstract

A method and system for accessing content on demand are described. In one embodiment, upon receiving a user request to access an instance of content (e.g., information that is independent of a particular physical medium), the identity of the user is authenticated. The request conveys a unique identifier of the instance of content and a key for activating the content corresponding thereto according to an instance of ownership stored therewith. The instance of ownership corresponding to the user in that instance of content is ascertained. Upon associating the instance of ownership corresponding to the user in the instance of content, the instance of content is activated to allow the user to access the instance of content according to the corresponding instance of ownership. Where access is demanded in excess of the instance of ownership, a transaction is initiated with which the instance of ownership can be upgraded.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/013,745 filed Dec. 15, 2004, titled “Content Server and Method of Storing Content,” by Michael Diamond and Jonathan White and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
Electronic systems today present any of a vast array of content to a user. The convenience of having content more readily accessible typically results in content being accessed more often and also results in viewers acquiring ever-increasing amounts of content. Accordingly, content servers have advantageously been utilized to make content more readily accessible to all kinds of users.
A content server typically stores content onto a mass storage device and presents the content stored thereon. Referring to FIG. 1, a flow diagram of steps of a method of storing content on a content server according to the conventional art is shown. As depicted in FIG. 1, the method of storing content begins with receiving content, at 110. For example, a user may insert a DVD containing a movie or a CD containing music in the CD/DVD drive of the content server. The content may be received in a protected format, such as content scrambling system (CSS) encryption or the like. If the received content is encoded in a protected format, the protection may be removed from the content, at 120. For example, a disk key contained on the DVD or CD may be used to decrypt the CSS encoded music or movie. The unprotected content is then stored on a mass storage device, such as a hard disk drive, at 130.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a flow diagram of steps of a method of presenting the content stored on the content server according to the conventional art is shown. As depicted in FIG. 2, the method of presenting content begins with receiving request for a particular item of content, at 210. At 220, the requested content is presented on an appropriate output device to the user.
Traditional systems for communicating and storing content often make copying of proprietary content relatively easy. For example, it is not uncommon for a user of the above-described content server to rent movies and/or music on DVDs and/or CDs and load them onto their system. The user may then return the DVDs or CDs, and yet continue to illegally watch the movies and/or listen to the music after the rental period has expired. Similarly, a user may borrow movies and/or music from others and load them onto their content server. The user may then return the DVD or CD to the person that they borrowed it from, and yet continue to illegally watch the movies and/or listen to the music thereafter. Accordingly, conventional content servers readily enable rent-and-rip, borrow-and-rip and the like.
However, creators and/or distributors of proprietary content (e.g., movies, music, etc.) have an economic interest in the content and desire to restrict the copying and/or distribution of the proprietary content to individuals that have purchased or rented the content in accordance with the nature of the user's ownership. Thus, content servers according to the conventional art are problematic in that the interests of the creators and/or distributors of proprietary content are not protected.
In addition, if the mass storage device should become damaged or stolen or otherwise inaccessible, the user may lose the content stored thereon. If the user does not have a copy of the content, then that content will need to be re-purchased in order for the user to access it once more.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, what is needed is a method and/or system that allow convenient user access of content in which the user has an ownership interest and yet, which is protective and respectful of the rights and interests of the creators and distributors of the content. What is also needed is a method and/or system that conveniently allows user access of content at the level of their ownership interest, yet which inhibits access beyond that level of ownership to achieve full, rightful user access convenience while respecting and protecting the rights and interests of the creators and distributors of the content. Further, what is needed is a method and/or system that achieves these benefits efficiently and economically.
A method and system for accessing content on demand is disclosed. In one embodiment, upon receiving a user request to access an instance of content (e.g., information that is independent of a particular physical medium), the identity of the user is authenticated. The request conveys a unique identifier of the instance of content and a key for activating the content corresponding thereto according to an instance of ownership stored therewith. The instance of ownership corresponding to the user in that instance of content is ascertained. Upon associating the instance of ownership corresponding to the user in the instance of content, the instance of content is activated to allow the user to access the instance of content according to the corresponding instance of ownership. Where access is demanded in excess of the instance of ownership, a transaction is initiated with which the instance of ownership can be upgraded.
Access to each said instance of content can be made locally, for example to an instance of content that is locally stored on a personal computer (PC), a network appliance, a data storage unit, device, etc. Access to each said instance of content can be made via a network, for example to an instance of content at a dislocated content server, a remote content repository, a content source, etc. Such networks can include the internet, private networks (e.g., real, virtual, etc.), peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, pod-casting networks and the like.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of steps of a method of storing content on a content server according to the conventional art.
FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of steps of a method of presenting content stored on the content server according to the conventional art.
FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of steps of a computer implemented method of storing content, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of steps of a computer implemented method of serving content, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a system for storing and serving content, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary content key in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows an exemplary system for authorizing access to content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for accessing content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary computer implemented process for activating content, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary network based system for activating content, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 depicts a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary process for providing a service, in a network based enterprise environment, for allowing a user to register multiple instances of content and to selectively activate them, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary computer implemented process for registering content, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary network based system for accessing content on demand, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 depicts a flowchart of an exemplary computer implemented process for accessing content on demand, according to an embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A method and system for accessing content on demand are described. Reference is now made in detail to several embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. While the invention will be described in conjunction with these embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, devices, methods, systems, processes, procedures, components, and apparatus have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.
Portions of the detailed description that follows are presented and discussed in terms of processes. Although steps and sequencing thereof are disclosed in figures herein (e.g., FIGS. 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 14) describing the operations of these processes (e.g., processes 300, 400, 500, 90, 1100, 1200 and 1400, respectively), such steps and sequencing are exemplary. Embodiments of the present invention are well suited to performing various other steps or variations of the steps recited in the flowcharts of the figures herein, and in a sequence other than that depicted and described herein.
Exemplary embodiments of a method and system for accessing content on demand are described herein. In one embodiment, upon receiving a user request to access an instance of content (e.g., information that is independent of a particular physical medium), the identity of the user is authenticated. The request conveys a unique identifier of the instance of content and a key for activating the content corresponding thereto according to an instance of ownership stored therewith. The instance of ownership corresponding to the user in that instance of content is ascertained. Upon associating the instance of ownership corresponding to the user in the instance of content, the instance of content is activated to allow the user to access the instance of content according to the corresponding instance of ownership. Where access is demanded in excess of the instance of ownership, a transaction is initiated with which the instance of ownership can be upgraded.
Therefore, embodiments of the present invention allow convenient user access of content on demand according to the instance of ownership corresponding to the user in that content. This provides a convenient vehicle for the user to access content on demand, yet protective and respectful of the rights and interests of the creators and distributors of the content. Embodiments of the present invention also allow user access of content upon upgrading a corresponding instance of ownership upon completing a transaction wherein a fee or other consideration is paid to the content creator, distributor, another owner, etc. Further, embodiments of the present invention simultaneously allow convenient user access of content in which the user has an ownership interest and protect and respect of the rights and interests of the creators and distributors of the content efficiently and economically.
Instances of content to which embodiments of the present invention relate comprise virtually any type of content. Thus, embodiments of the present invention relate to instances of content that are commercially, professionally, recreationally, vocationally, occupationally, domestically, academically, scholastically or otherwise obtained, accessed, purchased, borrowed, leased, rented, loaned, generated, etc. Thus, embodiments of the present invention beneficially allow seamless integration of various instances of content in a personal content lifestyle, e.g., a personal content library comprehending, comprising, containing and/or accessing digital content. Embodiments disclosed herein thus comprehend and relate to commercially obtained, accessed, etc. content as well as personal content, e.g., personally, artistically, creatively, scholastically, privately generated and/or other such instances of content. Such personal instances of content can include, but are not limited to, for example, personal video, home pictures, home audio, home text, PowerPointTM, WordTM, other word processing and presentation files, spreadsheets, database contents, programs, music, art, graphics, photographs, recipes and virtually any other type of content that is digital.
Access to each said instance of content can be made locally, for example to an instance of content that is locally stored on a personal computer (PC), a network appliance, a data storage unit, device, etc. Access to each said instance of content can be made via a network, for example to an instance of content at a dislocated content server, a remote content repository, a content source, etc. Such networks can include the internet, private networks (e.g., real, virtual, etc.), peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, pod-casting networks and the like.
Although the method and system of the present invention can be implemented in a variety of different network and/or computer systems such as some for media provision services and others, one exemplary embodiment includes the integration of the method and system for registering and activating content with a content server, method for serving content, and content keys. The description of the method and system for accessing content on demand commences with Section II at FIG. 13 and page 53 herein. Presented first, Section I with FIGS. 1-12 represent a discussion of an exemplary content server, method for serving content, content keys and registration and activation of content, to provide context for and to the discussion the method and system for accessing content on demand.
Section I
An Exemplary Content Server, Method for Serving Content, Content Keys and Method and System for Registering and Activating Content
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process for storing content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In step 310 of FIG. 3, a user request is received for an instantiation of content. In embodiments of the present invention, the user request can be generated by a content access device, or another device which is communicatively coupled with the content provider (e.g., via the Internet). As an example, a user's set-top box (e.g., a personal video recorder (PVR), or digital video recorder (PVR)), or a portable content access device may be used to generate a request to a content provider for an instance of content such as a movie, television programming, etc. It is noted that embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these types of content alone. Instead, content as used hereinafter, may include any digital information or content such as text, graphics, audio, sound, images, video, movies, music, applications, games and/or the like. The user may also indicate a requested use type (e.g., temporarily rent the content, own the content, etc.).
It is appreciated that a user interface (e.g., graphical user interface) may be provided to readily enable a user to identify and order an instance of content and related use type in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, ordering an instance of content may comprise purchasing or renting content from the content provider using the interface. The interface may also enable purchase of rental content that has previously been ordered, or for an extending the rental period thereof. The interface may also enable purchase or rental of content that has been preloaded, but is currently inaccessible, onto a mass storage device which is coupled with the user's content access device. The user interface may also enable purchase of credits to be applied to accessing any one or more items of content as and when the user chooses. A transaction system may also be implemented by the user interface to enable the above-described transactions.
In step 320 of FIG. 3, the content provider may provide content which is stored on the user's content access device. In embodiments of the present invention, the content may be received by any well-known signaling method such as electromagnetic, electrical, optical or the like (e.g., electronic transmission). Receiving content utilizing electronic transmission may enable content-on-demand, receiving new releases via a background download, and the like, without the user having to acquire the physical medium first. In embodiments of the present invention, the content may be stored on a mass storage device (e.g., hard disk drive) of the user's content access device or which is coupled with the user's content access device (e.g., a networked mass storage device) or to a location remote to the user. If the content is in a protected format, it is stored in its protected format. In one implementation, a received CSS encrypted content is copied to the mass storage device of the user's content access device. Accordingly, it is appreciated that the particular protection mechanism of the proprietary content is maintained.
It is appreciated that the mass storage device may also contain preloaded encrypted content. One or more encrypted content keys (e.g., 523 of FIG. 5) related to the preloaded content may also be hidden on the mass storage device. Alternatively, the content keys may be purchased and “downloaded” later from a remote “key server” or registry using some kind of two-way network, such as Internet, satellite with a backchannel (e.g., DirecTV connected to a phone line so that one may order on-demand movies through the regular phone network), cellular or the like.
Moreover, embodiments of the present invention allow instances of content to be uploaded. In one embodiment, a user can upload files relating to private, selected and/or limited distribution information and make a content key available to a private, selected and/or limited group of others. A user can upload photographs, video, sound recording files and/or any other kind of content and pertaining to a personal, family, social, business, academic or other experience to a server and make a content key associated therewith available to a private, selected and/or limited group.
For example, users who record video content at their wedding can upload files relating thereto to a server and make a content key there for available to their wedding party, to their wedding guests, to their family, etc. Thus, where the others to whom the associated content key is made available have the proper corresponding permission, instance of ownership, etc., the wedding video files can be automatically served to their own local media storage, display, real-time streaming device, etc. It should be appreciated that this example is extensibly representative of other events and situations. Thus, users can record and make available to selected, private and/or limited groups information relating to business meetings, legal depositions, private or other concerts, other artistic performances and/or events, academic commencements, religious, military and paramilitary ceremonies, family gatherings, reunions, conventions, union meetings, social and/or political demonstrations, rallies and the like.
Advantageously, embodiments of the present invention allow a user's information content to be effectively secure from media failure such as hard drive crashes, broken, scratched and/or deformed CDs, DVDs, Blu-RayTM disks, etc. Embodiments of the present invention effectively transcode content and/or otherwise provide independence of content from any particular medium. Thus, embodiments of the present invention allow the further benefit of a virtual guarantee of effectively perpetual access to content, even where standards change, perhaps even radically. Even where standards applicable to various kinds of media and/or content (e.g., jpg, bmp, h.264, MS OfficeTM applications such as .doc, .xls, .ppt, .txt, etc.) change or disappear (e.g., by obsolescence or the like), embodiments described herein allow the content to be accessed. Further, where such content is personally or otherwise important to a user, loss of the media on which it is recorded will not preclude the user's access to the content. Thus, users who record their wedding video, their child's birthday or graduation, need not fret forever losing access thereto upon a hard drive crash, a computer theft, etc.
In embodiments of the present invention one or more of the content keys is embedded within the content that is provided to the user (e.g., a watermark). Furthermore, one or more of the embedded content keys uniquely identifies that particular instance of content. It is appreciated that one or more content keys may contain a field that identifies the type of content, such as purchased content, rented content, preloaded content, offered content (e.g. for rent or for sale) or the like. In embodiments of the present invention, one or more of the content keys may include access parameters associated with that instance of content. For example, rented content may be accessed an unlimited number of times within a designated time period (e.g., three days), or the access of the content is limited to a set number of times (e.g., access to the content is permitted only five times). The identifier of the type of content contained in a key may be utilized for such functions as purchasing the rented content, extending the rental period of rented content, renting or purchasing preloaded content, renting or purchasing offered content, and/or the like.
Furthermore, it is appreciated that the protection scheme of the original form of the content is substantially preserved. Accordingly, the stored content may be thought of as a virtual copy of the content. The one or more keys needed for playing the content are not accessible. Therefore, the process of storing content on a server, in accordance with the present invention, advantageously prevents extraction of the content back off the mass storage device, because the content remains encrypted and it is useless without the hidden encrypted keys. Thus, a user cannot effectively get such content off the server (e.g., play the content) without the decryption keys.
In step 330 of FIG. 3, a registry server receives a content key associated with the instance of content. This may be triggered by a communication from the content provider. In embodiments of the present invention, a registry server (e.g., authentication server 730 of FIG. 7) stores content keys (e.g., 523) in user accounts. Each instance of content to which the user has access rights is identified by a unique content key stored in the user account. The content key thus associates a user with an instance of content and/or an access parameter(s) (e.g., use type) which define that user's access rights to that instance of content. The content may be purchased or rented by the user, or user created content which is registered with the registry server. In embodiments of the present invention, the registry server may be maintained by the content provider, or may be a third party which provides a content key registry service. In embodiments of the present invention, the registry server may also facilitate a user's ordering of content from the content provider.
In embodiments of the present invention, the user account information may be used to verify a user's access rights to an instance of content for which they have paid. Thus, if the mass storage device upon which the content is stored suffers a catastrophic failure or loss, the user can verify their access rights to the content through the registry server. Upon doing so, the user can again access the content without having to purchase a new copy. It is appreciated that the contents of a user account can be downloaded to the user's content access device periodically (e.g., 711 of FIG. 7). Further, it should be appreciated that the content to which embodiments of the present invention relate include commercially obtained and personal content as well as content derived and/or accessed from another kind, type or identity of content source.
In step 340 of FIG. 3, the registry server may receive a request from the user's content access device to access the encrypted content stored thereon. It is noted that for purposes of the present invention, the term “access” means that the user is attempting to use, display, and/or play the content as opposed to, for example, merely storing the content. When the user attempts to access the content loaded onto, for example, their mass storage device, a request is generated by the user's content access device to verify that the user is permitted to access the instance of content. For example, a request which conveys the unique identification of the instance of content being accessed may be sent to the registry server. As discussed above, in embodiments of the present invention, the protection scheme of the original form of the content is substantially preserved. Accordingly, the stored content may be thought of as a virtual copy of the content. Thus, one or more decryption keys needed for decrypting the content are not accessible. In embodiments of the present invention, access to the decryption keys is blocked unless the user's content access device receives a content key which verifies that the user is permitted to access the content. This advantageously prevents extraction of the content back off the mass storage device, because the content remains encrypted and it is inaccessible without access to the hidden encryption keys. Thus, a user cannot effectively get such content off of the content access device (e.g., play the content) without the decryption keys.
In step 350 of FIG. 3, the key registry server verifies the user's access rights and sends one or more content keys and/or a validation message to the user's content access device. The one or more content keys associated with that particular instance of content may be encoded in a safeguarded format and stored on the mass storage device, or elsewhere (e.g., in memory or as a register value), on the user's content access device. The keys may be encoded utilizing any well-known encryption algorithm. Alternatively, the key may be stored in a user account that is remote to the receiving system (e.g., on the registry server). In embodiments of the present invention, unless the user's content access device can access a content key which verifies that the user is permitted to access that instance of content, access to the decryption keys for that content is blocked. While the present embodiment specifically teaches blocking access to decryption keys, it is noted that other well known methods may be used to block access to the content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, each time the user's content access device is powered up, the device contacts the registry server to receive the most recent set of content keys associated with the user. Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, an off-line mode is also comprehended, wherein no network access is then available, which has security, maintenance and administrative advantages to the user and the storage and network entities with which the user interacts.
Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the content key sent by the registry server may only be valid for a specified time period, even if the content key is for content the user has purchased. As a result, the user's content access device will have to occasionally communicate with the registry server to verify that a valid content key is resident on the user's content access device.
Embodiments of the present invention de-couple user access rights from the media conveying the content. As a result, greater security against unauthorized access to the content can be realized as the content key authorizing access may be stored and/or validated remotely in the registry server. Furthermore, de-coupling the user's access rights from the media allows the user to verify their access rights to the content if the media storing the content is lost, stolen, or somehow becomes unusable to the user. Further, it should be again appreciated, as indeed throughout the description of embodiments of the present invention herein (unless expressly stated therein to the contrary), that the content to which embodiments of the present relate include commercially obtained and personal content as well as content derived and/or accessed from any kind, type or identity of source. Importantly, embodiments of the present invention allow the benefit of enabling a legacy of trans-situational and transgenerational access to content. Embodiments of the present invention thus advantageously allow content access in perpetuity and access thereto is essentially resistant to loss, damage and/or becoming unusable. Embodiments of the present invention effectively transcode content to work on any media playing or other content accessing medium is available and thus allow content to essentially resist obsolescence and transcend being rendered unavailable. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention thus allow content to become bequeathable or otherwise intergenerationally transferable, advantageously allowing heirs, successors, replacements (conceivably even clones) to experience, indeed to own or otherwise possess usable content, both personal and purchased, e.g., in the present by a present user.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a flowchart of a process 400 of serving content, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, is shown that provides selective verification. In embodiments of the present invention, process 400 may be implemented by, for example, using a registry server (e.g., 730 of FIG. 7). As depicted in FIG. 4, process 400 begins with receiving a request to serve one or more particular items of content, at 410. The request may be to play an item of content (e.g., movie, music, video game, etc.) saved on a mass storage device. In one implementation a user interface (e.g., graphical user interface) may be provided to enable a user to select a particular item of content stored on the mass storage device.
It is appreciated that the user interface (UI) may provide a drill-down type menu for selecting content stored on the mass storage device. For example, a first level may present various choices of content types, such as movies on the server, music on the server, television, internet, and/or the like. A second level may present categorical choices of content on the server, such as comedy, drama, actor, director, suggestion and/or the like. A third level may present a grid of thumbnails, wherein each thumbnail corresponds to a particular item of content on the server for a selected category.
It is appreciated that each item of content may be represented by a thumbnail or as a combination of text and a corresponding thumbnail. The thumbnail may be, for example, a still picture of an album cover for music, a still picture of a DVD jacket, a still picture of a scene from the movie, or the like. In addition, the thumbnail may be a video preview of a movie or may be a still picture of a scene and when the user causes a pointer to pass over the thumbnail or highlights the thumbnail a video preview may play. The thumbnail for use in the UI may be contained as part of the content when it is loaded on the system.
It is appreciated that a particular menu level, composed of a grid of thumbnails, may be dynamically scaled as a function of the view size of the display screen. The grid of thumbnails for a menu level may constitute a virtual display. Only a portion of the virtual display may actually be displayed on the physical screen. The virtual display may then be navigated such that a given portion is displayed on the physical screen.
It is appreciated that the system, via the user interface, may collect a history of content viewed by a user and suggest content based upon the past viewing history. The history may be collected on a per viewer basis. The suggestions may be present as a function of a hierarchy based upon the current viewers and/or the relative ranking of their individual and/or collective past viewing history.
In addition to checking user authorization of an instance of content before access is given to the user, at 420, ownership of the requested particular content may be selectively verified by a registry server. The ownership of the content may be verified by requesting that the user provide evidence of ownership. In one implementation, verification of ownership may be implemented by checking a registration database (e.g., 740 of FIG. 7) as discussed earlier. The registration database may enable association of an instance of content with a given user or device upon proof-of-purchase, such as a unique serial number associated with that particular instance of content when it has been purchased or rented. The registration database may thus provide authentication that the content as identified by an identification unique to that content has been registered for access by a particular user and/or that user's content access device. It is noted that steps 410 and 420 above are described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 7.
In this example, ownership may be selectively verified a predetermined number of times. In one implementation, each verification request may be made after a fixed period of time (e.g., days, weeks, months, etc.). In another implementation, each verification request may be made after a random period of time. In another implementation, each verification request may be made after a random number of requests for the particular content. In one implementation, the predetermined number of times may be a fixed number of times for each item of content. In another implementation, the predetermined number of times may be a random number of times for each item of content. In another embodiment, a request to access the content is generated each time the content is accessed, One or more of the above implementations may also be combined.
It is appreciated that one or more content keys may contain a field that identifies the type of content, such as purchased content, rented content, preloaded content, offered content (e.g. for rent or for sale) or the like. The identifier of the type of content contained in a key may be utilized to adjust the selective verification of ownership in accordance with the nature of the content type and/or a parameter for accessing the content.
It is appreciated that a registry, such as an internet based registration service, may be utilized to enable activation of content on one or more devices or transfer of content from one user to another (e.g., a user sells his/her access rights to another user). The registry (e.g., database) may associate instances of a particular item of content (e.g., a unique identification of that instance of content) with a particular owner (e.g., user ID, device ID, etc.). For example, a user may have the content on a plurality of systems, such as a home content server system and a vacation home content server system, a mobile content access device, etc. In such case, the registry may be utilized to enable access to the content on only one system at a time by limiting association of the content key with a select number of device identifiers. For example, copies of content can be stored anywhere and may even be practically ubiquitous on a system of servers accessible to a user. The user owns the access keys thereto and effectively rebuilds, re-establishes, etc. access thereto from an off-site, remote server, in the event that local storage media becomes unusable and allows, enables, authorizes selected, limited, etc. third parties to have remote access thereto, such as for sharing family pictures or other information with each other. In another implementation, the registry enables an owner of a particular instance of content to sell it to another person. The transaction may be based upon a unique serialized key stored on the mass storage device and contained in the registry. In yet another implementation, the registry may enable the content to be streamed (e.g., served) to a portable device, such as a phone, laptop computer or the like, at any number of locations across any network (e.g., virtual player). It should be again appreciated, as indeed throughout the description of embodiments of the present invention herein (unless expressly stated therein to the contrary), that the content to which embodiments of the present relate include commercially obtained and personal content as well as content derived and/or accessed from any kind, type or identity of source.
At 430, if ownership of the content is not to be validated at 420 for the given request, the requested content may be decrypted and presented. At 440, if ownership of the particular content is substantiated, the requested content may be decrypted and presented. At 450, if ownership (or for example, with instances of personal content, association therewith) of the particular content is not substantiated, the request may be denied. Furthermore, if ownership of the particular content is not substantiated, the requested content may also optionally be purged or otherwise rendered unselectable, an error message may be generated, a transaction system may be invoked to debit a user's account, or the like. In one embodiment, where ownership of the content is not substantiated, step 450 also comprises suggestively selling or otherwise promoting that instance of content. Embodiments of the present invention allow convenient, seamless, and transparent suggestive selling with, for example, previews, trailers, snippets, song samples, etc., each with selectably transactionally activating options to buy, rent, upload, etc. Importantly, where local content storage capacity is so great that it is effectively not an issue, embodiments of the present invention allow effectively instantaneous access thereto the moment the user wants it, e.g., essentially instant-on.
Moreover, in the event a user's local storage fails, the user upgrades or otherwise replaces it, etc., that user, in one embodiment of the present invention, simply inserts the new or replacement storage medium and has an image or all the content, associated content keys and related user information seamlessly re-imaged, copied, etc. to the new, replacement, etc. storage medium transparently. It should be appreciated, as throughout this description, that the content comprises personal content included within the framework of the user's content portfolio, such as personal pictures, photographs, artwork, home movies, self-made music, personally written documents, etc.
All content, personal, commercial, etc., can be locally stored, whether the commercial or other content is paid for or not. In some embodiments, zero payment comprises a part of the business model, such as promotional campaigns for selling an instance of content or sharing of personally created and owned content.
Typically, process 420 may be repeated for each of a predetermined number of times with regard to requests for each given item of content. In one embodiment, if ownership of the particular content is substantiated each of a predetermined number of times, the ownership may be considered corroborated. If ownership of the particular content is corroborated, ownership may not need to be validated again. Thereafter, a request for content, wherein ownership has been corroborated, may be served to the user, at 430, without further validation processes.
In an exemplary implementation, a first verification request may be made a random one of a number of plays after a first fixed period of time. The first fixed period of time may be measured from when the particular content was loaded onto the system. The first fixed period of time may be selected based upon a criterion such as the typical rental period (e.g., 10 days). A second verification request may be made a random one of number of plays after the expiration of a second fixed period. The second fixed period of time (e.g., 30 days) may be greater than the first fixed period of time, to reduce the inconvenience factor to the user. A third and final verification request may be made a random one of a number of plays after the expiration of a third fixed period. The third fixed period of time (e.g., 100 days) may be greater than the second fixed period of time, to further reduce the inconvenience factor to the user. Thereafter, the system will have been “taught” that ownership has been corroborated and subsequent requests for the same content can be served without verifying ownership.
Accordingly, process 400 balances convenience for the user with the economic interests of the content creator and/or distributor. For example, if the content is rented for a ten day period, the user may load the movie on the system and view it any number of time during the ten day period of the rental in accordance with an access parameter which may included into the content key associated with that instance of content. After the rental period expires, the access parameter will indicate that further accessing of the content is not authorized. Thus, if the user attempts to continue watching the movie, the system will not be able to access the decryption keys needed for displaying the content. A reminder may be displayed that the rental period for that instance of content has expired to remind the user to extend the rental period, or to purchase that instance of content. If the content has been purchased by the user and loaded on the system, the content key will indicate that the user has unlimited access to that instance of content. In one embodiment, if ownership is not substantiated the user's content access device may purge the content.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention advantageously balance user convenience and the economic interests of content creators and/or distributors. Ownership of requested content can be selectively verified before the requested content is presented. If ownership or access rights are not substantiated, the content may be purged from the system. Furthermore, if ownership is successfully substantiated a number of times, the system may be taught that the content is owned and verification need not be performed again.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a block diagram of a system for storing and serving content, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The system 500 may be implemented on a personal computer, a server, a client, a laptop computer, a media center PC, a personal entertainment center, a set top box, a game console, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, a portable wireless appliance, and/or the like. As depicted in FIG. 5, the system includes one or more content input devices 510, a processing unit 520, a mass storage device 530 (e.g., computer readable medium) and one or more content output devices 540. The system 500 may also include one or more general input/output devices 550. It is appreciated that the content input devices 510 and content output devices 540 may be particular units of the general input/output devices 550. The system 500 may also be communicatively coupled to a communication channel 560, for receiving content utilizing any well-known signaling method.
The processing unit 520 may be communicatively coupled to the general I/O device 550, the content input device 510, the mass storage device 530 and the content output device 540. The content input device 510 may be a compact disk (CD) drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD) drive, a memory card reader and/or the like. The content output device 540 may be a display, monitor, television, projector, speaker, headphone, brail reader and/or the like. The mass storage device 530 may be a hard disk drive (HDD), portable storage device/card (e.g., USB drive and other flash-based memory) or the like. The general I/O devices 550 may be a keyboard, pointing device, monitor, speaker, brail reader and/or the like.
The processing unit 520 provides one or more function modules by operating on instructions (e.g., computer executable code) and information (e.g., data) stored in memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). The function modules may include a content storage module 522, a content server module 524 and a user interface module 526. The content storage module 522 may receive content via the content input device 510 or the communication channel 560 (e.g., network). The content may be received in a protected or unprotected format. The user interface module 526 may enable a user to cause the content storage module 522 to load the content onto the mass storage device 530.
If the content is received in a protected format, the content storage module 522 may also receive one or more keys. The keys may include a first key unique to the content and a second key may be dynamically generated by the content input device 510, or by another computer system 500. The content storage module 522 may store the content in its protected format and the one or more keys in a safeguarded format on the mass storage device 530. Alternatively, content storage module 522 may store the keys (e.g., content key 523) in a hidden location of system 500 such as a cache memory, etc.
The content server module 524 may receive a request for a particular item of content stored on the mass storage device 530 (e.g., content 531) via the user interface module 526. The content server module 524 may selectively verify ownership of the requested content utilizing the one or more keys (e.g., content key 523) corresponding to the requested content, which are stored on the mass storage device 530 (e.g., in user account 532), or cached locally. If ownership of the content is validated, the content server module 524 outputs the requested content on the content output device 540 or via communication channel 560 utilizing the one or more keys corresponding to the content, which are stored on the mass storage device 530. If ownership of the content is not validated, the content server module 524 may purge the particular content from the mass storage device, or simply block access to the requested content 531.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary content key 523 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In embodiments of the present invention, each instance of content is associated with a content key 523 and is used to identify the instance of content. Optional information in content key 523 may be used to identify the ownership of the instance of content, devices which are permitted to access an instance of content, and/or define access parameters associated with the instance of content. It is noted that for purposes of the present invention, the access parameters of the instance of content may include unlimited access, or restricted access to the instance of content 531. Furthermore, restricted access may be defined by a time period (e.g., unlimited access to content 531 for three days), or by the actual number of times content 531 is accessed (e.g., access is only permitted twice).
Referring now to FIG. 6, content key 523 comprises a content identification field 610 which identifies a particular instance of content 531. Content key 523 further comprises an optional access rights field 620, also called a “use-type” field, for defining access parameters of content 531, an optional ownership identification field 630 which identifies the user, or users to which access rights 620 are assigned, and an optional user device identification field 640 which identifies devices that are permitted to access a particular instance of content.
In embodiments of the present invention, each instance of content created will have a unique content identification field 610 assigned thereto. Thus, if a million copies of a movie are created for distribution, each of those copies or instantiations will be uniquely identified by its respective content identification field 610 when it is created. However, as described above, a content key may be assigned to any instance of digital content such as text, graphics, audio, sound, images, video, movies, music, applications, games and/or the like. In embodiments of the present invention, content identification field 610 may be embedded within content 531 such as by including a watermark into content 531. Furthermore, identification field 610 may be encrypted, scrambled, hidden, or otherwise protected from access by a user.
In embodiments of the present invention, when content 531 is purchased, or rented, access rights field 620, ownership identification field 630, and/or user device identification field 640 may also be embedded within content 531 prior to conveying the content to the user.
In embodiments of the present invention, when each instance of content 531 is created, ownership identification field 630 identifies the user who is allowed access thereto. Additionally, when content 531 is bought, sold, or otherwise distributed, the ownership field 630 may be updated to reflect the change in ownership of content 531. This advantageously establishes a chain of custody which can be used to determine whether an instance of content has been stolen or reproduced without permission. It should be appreciated that this step is also beneficial for effectively deterring unauthorized third party access to personal content, the subject matter of which may be sensitive or otherwise desirable for a user to keep private or limited in third party access, which may be to be accessible to the user in perpetuity and tracked down.
As described above, access rights field 620 describes the parameters under which the user described in ownership identification field 630 may access content 531. The contents of access rights field 620 may also be updated to reflect a change in the access rights of the owner of content 531. For example, if a user is renting content 531 and decides to purchase it, the contents of access rights field 620 may be updated to reflect the change in ownership status. In other words, the access parameter may be changed from, for example, access during a pre-defined time period to unlimited access to content 531. Alternatively, a new instance of content 531 may be created having a new content identification field 610 and which describes the user in ownership identification field 630 and the parameters under which that user can access content 531 in the access rights field 620. Alternatively, if a user decides to sell or transfer ownership rights of content 531, ownership identification field 630 can be updated to assign the access rights of content 531 to the new owner.
In embodiments of the present invention, a user may register a media access device (e.g., system 500) which is permitted to access content 531. In embodiments of the present invention, a media device identification field 640 is used to convey the identification of a device attempting to access content 531, or which is permitted to access the content.
As will be described in detail below, in embodiments of the present invention, content key 523 is used to restrict access to the decryption key used to access an instance of content. For example, the user device may not access the decryption key for the instance of content if there is a discrepancy between the information embedded within the content 531 and the content key 523 which is stored on the user's content access device. This information may include any combination of the data conveyed in content key 531 such as content identification field 610, the access rights field 620, the ownership identification field 630, and/or the user device identification field 640.
FIG. 7 shows an exemplary system for authorizing access to content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 7, a user device 710 (e.g., system 500) is communicatively coupled with and authentication server 730 (e.g., a second system 500) and a content provider 750 via communication channel 560. It is noted that in embodiments of the present invention, authentication server 730 and content provider 750 may be the same entity. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, user device 710 is configured as a media access device such as a personal computer, a client, a laptop computer, a media center PC, a personal entertainment center, a set top box, a game console, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, a portable wireless appliance, or the like. Additionally, in the present embodiment, authentication server 730 is configured as an account management system for verifying access rights to content 531.
In embodiments of the present invention, authentication server 730 verifies the access rights to an instance of content as described above with reference to FIG. 4. As described above, in embodiments of the present invention each instance of content (e.g., 531) is assigned a unique identification. When a user purchases, rents, or changes their access rights to an instance of content (e.g., 531), the user and the unique identification of that instance of content are registered with authentication server 730 (e.g., in user account 532). In embodiments of the present invention user account 532 may be stored in a local database (e.g., mass storage device 530 of authentication server 730), or stored in a remotely accessed database 740. A copy of the user account (e.g., 711) may be periodically updated on the user device 710. When the user is registered in user account 532, authentication server 730 verifies that the user is allowed access to content 531. In embodiments of the present invention, content 531 may be provided by authentication server 730 (e.g., from mass storage device 530) upon verification of user access rights. Alternatively, authentication server 730 may verify the access rights of the user to a content provider (e.g., 750) who then provides the content 531. In one embodiment, the content provider generates the validation key, forwards it to the registry 730, and also forwards the content to the user device 710. In embodiments of the present invention, the user may also register media access devices to their personal account which are permitted access to the instance of content 531. Content may also be provided by the content provider to the user device 710 in an encrypted format and this may occur well in advance of the user accessing the content.
In embodiments of the present invention, when a user attempts to access an instance of content 531, access to the decryption keys is blocked until verification of access rights is provided by authentication server 730. For example, until authentication server conveys a content key 523 to user device 710, access to a decryption key for content 531 is blocked. In embodiments of the present invention, the request identifies the instance of content using the unique identification (e.g., content identification field 610) which is embedded within content 531. The request may comprise additional information such as ownership identification field 630 and/or media device identification 640. In another embodiment, access to streaming data comprising content 531 (e.g., from authentication server 730 or content provider 750) is blocked until verification of access rights is provided by authentication server 730.
If the user has previously established access rights to content 531 in user account 532, authentication server 730 compares at least one access parameter for the instance of content 531 with that user. For example, if the user has purchased a copy of content 531, the user may access content 531 without any restriction on time or usage. However, if the user has rented the instance of content 531, the user may be restricted to accessing content 531 for a given time period (e.g., for five days). Alternatively, access to content 531 may be limited to a pre-set number of times (e.g., access to content 531 is limited to three times only). Authentication server 730 may also compare a media device identification (e.g., 640) with a list of authorized media access devices registered with user account 532 to determine if access to content 531 is permitted. In embodiments of the present invention, authentication server 730 compares the current time and/or date with the time and/or date of request 721 to determine is access to content 531 is permitted. If access to content 531 is not permitted (e.g., in accordance with access rights field 620), authentication server 730 may not generate a content key 523 to user device 710. As described above, in embodiments of the present invention, access to a particular instance of content 531 may be limited to one content access device at a time.
In embodiments of the present invention, if user access to content 531 is permitted, authentication server 730 generates a message (e.g., 722) which authorizes the user device 710 to access the instance of content 531. In embodiments of the present invention, message 722 may comprise a content key (e.g., 523) which is stored locally on user device 710. In embodiments of the present invention content key 523 may be encrypted and hidden on user device 710 to prevent unauthorized access. As described above, content key 523 may comprise content identification field 610, access rights field 620, ownership identification field 630 and/or media device identification field 640. While the present embodiment recites these fields specifically, it is noted that additional data fields may be included within content key 523 such as a key identifying the authentication server (e.g., 730) which generated message 722. In embodiments of the present invention, user device 710 is denied access to decryption keys to content 531 unless it first receives content key 523 from authentication server 730. In embodiments of the present invention, user device 710 compares the current time and/or date with the access rights field 620 to determine whether access to content 531 is permitted. If the current time and/or date are within the parameter(s) of access rights field 620, access to decryption keys for content 531 is permitted. User device 710 may also compare the unique identification embedded within content 531 with content identification field 610 to verify that the correct instance of content is being accessed.
In embodiments of the present invention, if content 531 is not yet resident on user device 710, it may be provided by authentication server 730. In another embodiment, authentication server 730 may verify with content provider 750 that user device 710 is permitted access to content 531. In another embodiment, user device 710 may contact content provider 750 upon receipt of content key 523 from authentication server 730 to initiate receiving content 531.
Embodiments of the present invention advantageously register access rights of an instance of content 531 separately from the media which conveys the content. In the conventional art (e.g., a compact digital (CD) disk or digital versatile disk (DVD)), possession of the media (e.g., the disk itself) implies access rights to the content stored thereon. If the media storing the content is damaged, lost, or stolen, the user's access rights to the content are terminated. In embodiments of the present invention, if the media storing the content is damaged, lost, or stolen, the user can still access the content by accessing their user account information and re-establishing their access rights. Thus, rather than having to buy a new copy of the media, the user can simply verify that they had previously purchased access rights to content 531 and access it without having to purchase it again.
For example, in embodiments of the present invention, if mass storage device 530 of user device 710 suffers a catastrophic breakdown and all of the content stored thereon is lost, the user can buy a new mass storage device. Then, rather than having to purchase new copies of the content 531, the user can access their user account 532 to verify that they have access rights to content 531. Authentication server 730 can then either send a copy of content 531 (e.g., a locally stored copy), or verify with content provider 750 that the user is permitted to access the content. The user can then access a copy of content 531 for storage on their new mass storage device.
Additionally, a user can access their content 531 from multiple locations without necessitating physical possession of the media conveying the content. For example, a user can have a copy of content 531 stored on their personal computer (e.g., system 500). However, if the user is traveling and wants to access content 531 using a mobile device (e.g., user device 710) they can access authentication server 730 with user device 710, verify their access rights, and download a copy of content 531 onto user device 710. In embodiments of the present invention, the copy of content 531 stored on the mobile device is considered to be an exact copy of the content stored on the user's personal computer. Thus, the unique identification stored in content identification field 610, as well as the access rights field 620, of both copies may be identical.
In embodiments of the present invention, a user can transfer their access rights to another user in a manner similar to selling a CD to another user. For example, the user can simply access their user account 532 on authentication server 730 and indicate that the access rights for content 531 are to be transferred to the user account of the person purchasing the content. In embodiments of the present invention, authentication server 730 may be utilized to transfer credits from one user's account to another user's account, or to an account of content provider 750, to facilitate a purchase of content. Additionally, if a user is simply renting content 531, they could pay an additional fee to change their access rights from a rental to outright ownership of that instance of content. As a result, the access rights field 620 of content key 523 can be updated to reflect the new access parameters for that user.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a computer controlled process 800 for accessing content in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In step 810 of FIG. 8, a request to access an instance of content is received. As described above with reference to FIG. 7, in order to access an instance of content 531, access to the decryption key 523 for that instance of content 531 is necessary. In embodiments of the present invention, unless user device 710 has a valid content key 523 for that instance of content 531 stored thereon, access to the decryption key is blocked. The user can receive a copy of the content key 523 when, for example, an instance of the content 531 is downloaded from the Internet, a pre-loaded mass storage device attempts to access content stored thereon, or when a user device 710 (e.g., a CR-ROM player) attempts to access the content. As described above with reference to FIG. 7, if the content key 523 is not stored upon the user device 710, a request 721 s generated by the user device 710 for permission to access the instance of content 531.
In step 820 of FIG. 8, a user account which identifies an authorized user of the instance of content and a parameter for accessing the instance of content is accessed. In embodiments of the present invention, an authentication server 730 maintains a database of user accounts 532 which assign user access rights to an instance of content 531. In embodiments of the present invention, the instance of content 531 is identified by an identification unique to that instance of content 531 which is embedded within the content (e.g., watermarked into the content). Using this unique identification, authentication server 730 determines whether a particular user has access rights to that instance of content 531.
In step 830 of FIG. 8, a determination is made that accessing the instance of content is within the parameter. In embodiments of the present invention, access rights parameters may be assigned to a user's account 532. For example, a user who has rented an instance of content 531 has limited access rights which may be terminated when a pre-defined time period has expired, or the content 531 has been accessed a set number of times by that user.
In step 840 of FIG. 8, access to the instance of content is authorized to the extent described in the rights parameter. If the access rights parameter has not been exceeded, permission is conveyed to the user of the content access device.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention advantageously prevent extraction of locally stored content back off the mass storage device. Unless the media device accessing content 531 has a valid copy of content key 523, access to content 531 is blocked. Furthermore, unless access rights for a user are verified with, for example, authentication server 730, the user cannot receive a copy of the content to their media device Embodiments of the present invention advantageously balance user convenience and the economic interests of content creators and/or distributors. Embodiments of the present invention thus advantageously facilitate convenient and secure distribution of proprietary content.
Exemplary Method for Providing Access to Content
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary computer implemented process 90 for activating content, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Process 90 begins with step 91, wherein, upon receiving a user request to access an instance of content, the identity of the user is authenticated. An instance of content, for purposes of the present description, comprises information that is independent of a particular physical medium. The request conveys a unique identifier of the instance of content and a key for activating the content.
In step 92, the content activating key is associated with the user, such as with comparison to a registry. In one embodiment, the content activating key comprises a unique user registered identifier corresponding to that user and associating the user identity with a level of ownership of the user in the instance of content. The content activating key is associated with the user in this embodiment with comparing the unique identifier corresponding to the instance of content to in the content activating key with a registry of a instances of content. From this registry, the user's level of ownership in the instance of content is ascertained.
Upon associating the user identity with the level of ownership of the user in the instance of content, in step 93 the instance of content is activated to allow the user to access the instance of content according to the corresponding ownership interest, completing process 90.
The levels of ownership that a user can have in an instance of content include full ownership thereof. With full ownership, the user enjoys unlimited access to the instance of content. The user may enjoy exclusive rights to the instance of content or otherwise enjoys unlimited access thereto. Thus, an embodiment of the present invention allows the user to activate the fully owned instance of content at will, e.g. with no limitation, without restriction, etc.
Alternatively, a user's ownership interest in an instance of content can be subject to a limitation, to a lease or rental agreement that grants an ownership interest for a specified period of time, which can be extensible, or for accessing the instance of content a certain, finite number of times. Thus, an embodiment of the present invention allows the user to activate the fully owned instance of content subject to the limitation, the terms of the lease or rental agreement, or for the specified number of repetitions of the instance of content. In one embodiment, such partial ownership level can be upgraded to full ownership, such as with the payment of a fee or other valuable consideration.
Where it is determined that a user holds no ownership interest in a requested instance of content, activation thereof is inhibited for the user. However, an embodiment of the present invention allows the user to select the heretofore un-owned instance of content, purchase or otherwise obtain a full or partial ownership interest therein, and upon registration of the new ownership, which can be done automatically upon the payment transaction, etc., the instance of content is rendered providable to the user according thereto. For instance, where the user pays a fee for a full or partial ownership level in the instance of content, activation can be enabled effectively instantaneously upon completion of the payment transaction.
The instance of content can be stored on a data storage associated with the user, a data storage associated with an originator of the instance of content, a data storage associated with the registry, and one or more data stores that are independent of the user, the content instance originator, and the registry.
Further, embodiments of the present invention allow a user to activate content, e.g., to allow access to an instance of content, on a particular content access or activating device and/or to effectively move instances of content from one device to another. Importantly, instances of content are thus not constrained to any particular medium. Moreover therefore, embodiments of the present invention allow access to instances of content effectively in perpetuity. In one embodiment, content is essentially transcoded. Thus, even in the event that a particular medium upon which a certain instance of content is produced or procured becomes obsolete or unavailable, that instance of content can be accessed as it has been transcoded.
Activation of the instance of content allows the user to instantiate the instance of content on any available and compatible device. Further, activating the instance of content allows the user to download the instance of content.
Users can register their ownership, at either level, with a registration database. In one embodiment, numerous instances of content are listed by the registration database as entries on a scrollable list, which can be used for selecting, requesting, etc. a particular instance of content. In addition to listing an identifier representative of the instance of content, the user's level of ownership interest therein can also be displayed thereon.
Exemplary System for Providing Access to Content
FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary network based system 1000 for activating content, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Network 1010 is accessible with a user's computing device 1011. A content storage 1012 is accessible with network 1010 and can store numerous content resources, each of which includes an instance of content. Each instance of content comprises information, data, etc. that is expressible independent of any particular medium with which the information is writable. Each instance of content also has a unique identifier corresponding to this information. The content corresponding to each of the numerous uniquely identified instances of content will typically be unique. Content storage 1012 can be associated with user device 1010, with an originator of the instance of content, with the registry, and/or with one or more data storage units that are independent of these entities.
A registry 1013 is accessible with network 1010 and stores a number of user-registered activating keys. Each of these activating keys identifies the user and a corresponding ownership level associated with each instance of content. Upon authenticating an identity associated with the user, the registry allows each activating key to activate its corresponding instance of content. Thus, the instance of content becomes accessible by the user. For instance, user device 1011 can instantiate the instance of content and/or the content storage 1012 can serve the instance of content to user device 1011.
The level of ownership corresponding to each of the instances of content is independent of that corresponding to each of the other instances of content. The registry lists each instance of content and indicates to the user the respective levels of ownership corresponding thereto.
Exemplary Business Method
FIG. 11 depicts a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary process 1100 for providing a service, in a network based enterprise environment, for allowing a user to register multiple instances of content and to selectively activate them, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Process 1100 begins with step 1101, wherein multiple instances of content are stored. The stored instances of content are commoditized as such, e.g., as comprising information that is expressible independent of a particular medium with which the information is writable.
For instance, embodiments of the present invention are well suited to store content that comprises sound recordings (e.g., voice, music, other sounds, etc.) in any format, graphics (e.g., artwork, photographs, video, drafting, plans, etc.) in any format, documents (e.g., text, tabular, portable, etc.) in any format, files related to computer aided tools in any format, files related to computerized gaming, etc., and various other files, applications, and the like. Each of the instances of content has a unique identifier corresponding to this information. Each of the instances of content comprises content representative of this information.
In step 1102, in exchange for valuable consideration given by the user such as paying a subscription fee, a life membership fee, etc., one or more user registered content activating keys is databased in a registry for the purchaser, e.g., in a stored account corresponding to the purchaser. Thus, embodiments of the present invention enable compensation models (e.g., monthly fee, annual fee, lifetime fee, etc.) that meet the costs that may be associated with storage, security and transcoding of perpetually and intergenerationally available-anywhere content. Each content activating key has an identifier correspondingly unique to the user with whom it is associated. The content activating key also has one of the unique identifiers corresponding to the particular instance of content that it activates. Further, each content activating key has an indicator corresponding to a level of ownership the user has in the particular instance of content. In this way, the user's ownership interest of the instance of content is registered.
In step 1103, in response to the user subsequently requesting the instance of content, the unique identifier corresponding to the instance of content is compared with the unique user identifier and the indicator of the user's corresponding level ownership. In step 1104, the instance of content is activated for the user according to the ownership level indicator.
Upon ascertaining that the level of ownership corresponds with full ownership of the instance of content, in step 1105 that instance of content is activated for (e.g., made accessible to, etc.) the user without restriction. Full ownership is transferable between owners. For instance, one user can sell their ownership to another for good and valuable consideration. Upon transferal of ownership to the new user, the corresponding instance of content becomes accessible to the new user upon transferal of registration at the registry. This has the benefit of protecting the ownership interests of the content originators and distributors (e.g., a copyright, etc.) as well as those of the new user, while simultaneously providing convenient access to the new user and convenient transferability to the selling user.
Upon ascertaining that the level of ownership corresponds with ownership according to a limitation, such as a lease, a rental agreement relating to the instance of content, and/or an authorization to access the instance of content a fixed (e.g., finite, whole, etc.) number of times, in step 1106, the instance of content is activated for the user according to the limitation.
Upon ascertaining that the level of ownership corresponds with no (e.g., zero) ownership interest in the instance of content, in step 1107, an ownership interest in the instance of content is offered to the user in exchange for a second valuable consideration, such as the payment of a price to own, a rental fee, a licensing royalty, etc. The offer can include a selection between ownership levels, wherein the second valuable consideration can differ from one ownership level to another. It should be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention thus effectively allow suggestive selling or other promotion. Embodiments of the present invention allow convenient, seamless, and transparent suggestive selling with, for example, previews, trailers, snippets, song samples, etc., each with selectably transactionally activating options to buy, rent, upload, etc. All content, personal, commercial, etc., can be locally stored, whether the commercial or other content is paid for or not. In some embodiments, zero payment comprises a part of the business model, such as promotional campaigns for selling an instance of content or sharing of personally created and owned content.
For instance, in one embodiment, the user can be offered ownership at the full ownership level, wherein the second consideration has a first cost corresponding thereto, and at the level of ownership according to limitation, lease, rental agreement, and/or authorization to access the instance of content a fixed number of times, wherein the second consideration has a second cost corresponding thereto. In some situations, it is conceivable that the first cost, corresponding to the full ownership level, could tend be somewhat higher than the second cost, corresponding to the more limited level of ownership. It should be appreciated that this second valuable consideration, given in exchange for an ownership interest in the instance of content, is independent of and should not to be confused with the valuable consideration exchanged for databasing content activation keys.
Upon exchange of such second valuable consideration, in step 1108, the instance of content is activated. If no second valuable consideration is exchanged, in step 1109, immediate activation of the instance of content is inhibited, completing process 1100.
The instance of content can be stored on data storage associated with the user, such as computer's hard disk drive, a network appliance, a database associated with a home entertainment system, or the like. The instance of content can also be stored on data storage associated with an originator of the instance of content. For instance, where the instance of content corresponds to data comprising a motion picture recording, that instance of content may also be storable on a database corresponding to the motion picture's producer, distributor, or the like. The instance of content can be stored on data storage associated with the registry of content activation keys.
Further, the instance of content can be stored on a data store that is independent of the user, the originator, and/or the registry and is independent further of any particular medium. In one embodiment, where the instance of content is stored remotely from a user device (e.g., independently, with an originator thereof, with the registry, etc.), the instance of content can be served to the user device, e.g., upon activation thereof or for activation thereon, etc. Embodiments of the present invention thus have the benefit of enabling convenient addition of personal, professional and personal content to the owner's profile.
Multiple instances of content and e.g., levels of ownership associated with a particular user (e.g., user identity, etc.) corresponding thereto, can be interactively represented with a user interface. In one embodiment, a graphical user interface (GUI) interactively displays a scrollable or otherwise manipulable list wherein each of the multiple instances of content listed thereon are selectable to request activation thereof.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the steps in an exemplary computer implemented process 1200 for registering content, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Process 1200 begins with step 1201 wherein, in response to a user selection of an instance of content such as is available from a distributor of content, an account associated with the user is updated by adding to the account a unique identifier that is associated with that instance of content and no other instance of content.
In step 1202, a registry is maintained, which includes multiple accounts, each account thereof associated with one of several users. The unique identifier of the instance of content is used by a user device in granting access to the instance of content. In one embodiment, the user selection is (or includes) a user purchase. In one embodiment, the unique identifier also includes a parameter associated with the instance of content.
This parameter indicates an ownership level of the instance of content corresponding to the user. Thus in one embodiment, the user selection includes a user purchase of the instance of content at that ownership level. In step 1203, the user's access to that instance of content is limited to a degree dependent on the ownership level.
In step 1204, the unique identifier is issued in response to the user selection, for instance, by the distributor of content. In step 1205, the unique identifier is communicated from the content distributor to the registry. In step 1206, a copy of said user account is communicated from the registry to the user device. The registry can be remote from one or more of the user device and the content distributor.
In one embodiment, each user account of the registry includes multiple unique identifiers, each associated with a respective instance of content and no other instance of content. The unique identifiers associated with each user account in the registry indicates those instances of content of the population thereof in which the user associated with that user account has some ownership interest.
Section II
Method and System for Accessing Content on Demand
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and system for accessing content on demand. Although the method and system of the present invention can be implemented in a variety of different network and/or computer systems such as some for media provision services and others, exemplary embodiments include a method and system for registering and activating content with a content server, a method for serving content, content keys, and registration and activation of content. The description herein in Section I above describes an exemplary content server, method for serving content, content keys, and method and system for registering and activating content, and thus represents a discussion of an exemplary platform upon which embodiments of the present invention can be practiced, e.g., a method and system for accessing content on demand.
As used herein, the term “instances of content,” to which embodiments of the present invention relate comprise virtually any type of content. Thus, embodiments of the present invention relate to instances of content that are commercially, professionally, recreationally, vocationally, occupationally, domestically, academically, scholastically or otherwise obtained, accessed, purchased, borrowed, leased, rented, loaned, generated, etc. Thus, embodiments of the present invention beneficially allow seamless integration of various instances of content in a personal content lifestyle, e.g., a personal content library comprehending, comprising, containing and/or accessing digital content. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention allow instances of content to be owned and used in perpetuity and intergenerationally transferred, e.g., by bequest, etc.
Embodiments disclosed herein thus comprehend and relate to commercially obtained, accessed, etc. content as well as personal content, e.g., personally, artistically, creatively, scholastically, privately generated and/or other such instances of content. Such personal instances of content can include, but are not limited to, for example, personal video, home pictures, home audio, home text, PowerPointTM, WordTM, other word processing and presentation files, spreadsheets, database contents, programs, music, art, graphics, photographs, recipes and virtually any other type of content that is digital.
With embodiments of the present invention, access to each instance of content can be made locally, for example to an instance of content that is locally stored on a personal computer (PC), a network appliance, a data storage unit, device, etc. Access to each said instance of content can be made via a network, for example to an instance of content at a dislocated content server, a remote content repository, a content source, etc. Such networks can include the internet, private networks (e.g., real, virtual, etc.), peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, pod-casting networks and the like.
Further, embodiments of the present invention allow a user to activate content, e.g., to allow access to an instance of content, on a particular content access or activating device and/or to effectively move instances of content from one device to another. Importantly, instances of content are thus not constrained to any particular medium. Moreover therefore, embodiments of the present invention allow access to instances of content effectively in perpetuity. In one embodiment, content is essentially transcoded. Thus, even in the event that a particular medium upon which a certain instance of content is produced or procured becomes obsolete or unavailable, that instance of content can be accessed as it has been transcoded.
FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary system 1300 for accessing content on demand, according to an embodiment of the present invention. A user computing device 1302 functions as an interactive media appliance. Media appliance 1302 functions as a content server. Media appliance 1302 includes an authorization controller 1303 for selectively allowing access to instances of media content therewith.
In one embodiment, media appliance 1302 stores media content locally. For instance, media content such as movies, music, movie and/or music genres, libraries, collections, etc. are stored in mass storage components, drives, memory, etc. associated with media appliance 1302. The media content is stored, in one embodiment, in an encrypted format. Media content can also be stored apart (e.g., remotely) from media appliance 1302. In one embodiment, media appliance 1302 communicatively couples with a content storage 1322 (e.g., an information repository, database, library, storage area network or “SAN,” etc.), such as via network 1301.
The media content can include preloaded content, downloaded content, copied content such as copied content, etc. For example, the content can include instances of media content copied from a particular medium such as a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), etc. The medium can even include rented media, borrowed media, etc.
It is appreciated that the media content stored with media appliance 1302 and/or content storage 1322 can comprise any media content. Extremely large amounts of content can be accessed in this way. As storage, memory, etc. capability increases, larger amounts of content are locally storable.
Media appliance 1302 is communicatively coupled with an authentication control entity 1310. Authentication control entity 1310 stores account information, which includes information relating to an account 1311 associated with a user of media appliance 1302. In one embodiment, user account 1311 comprises a list of instances of user ownership corresponding to each instance of media content stored with media appliance 1302, content storage 1322, etc.
The instances of user ownership correspond to each instance of media content, and are thus independent of any particular medium with which that content is recorded, written, etc. Further, the instances of user ownership correspond to each instance of media content and can vary from one instance of content to another.
For example, a user of media appliance 1302 can own the media content associated with a particular instance of content outright. Thus, the owner has unlimited rights to access that instance of content in perpetuity, and may even bequeath, contract to sell and/or otherwise dispose of the right to access that content commensurate with full ownership thereof.
For another particular instance of content, the user may have an instance of ownership associated with another instance of media content that is subject to a limitation, such as a rental, lease, or similar agreement, to access a certain finite number of times, etc. An instance of ownership is equivalent to zero, etc. where a user has no ownership interest in a corresponding instance of content.
Upon a user request or other action of media appliance 1302 to access an instance of content, a content key 1315 corresponding to that instance of content is exchanged between media appliance 1302 and authentication control entity 1310. Content key 1315 enables authorization controller 1303 to allow the user of media appliance 1302 to access the instance of content according to the corresponding instance of ownership listed in account 1311.
Thus, where the user's instance of ownership corresponds to full ownership in the instance of content, access to the instance of content with media appliance 1302 is authorized without limitation. Similarly, where the user's instance of ownership corresponds to accessing the instance of content subject to a limitation, access is authorized to the instance of content with media appliance 1302 subject to the limitation.
Where the user's instance of ownership corresponds to zero ownership in the instance of content, access to the instance of content with media appliance 1302 is not authorized. Similarly, where the user requests access to an instance of content beyond the access rights corresponding to the limitation, the excess access rights are unauthorized. However, in either case, authentication control entity 1310 initiates a transaction session with media appliance 1302 and a billing entity 1313, wherein a user can enable access to the instance of content at a level associated with any desired instance of ownership.
For instance, where a user with an instance of ownership in a particular instance of content that corresponds to zero ownership desires to access that instance of content one time, a fixed, finite number of times, or any number of times for a specified rental period, the transaction session comprises payment of a fee for limited access, a rental period, etc. Billing entity 1313 records and validates the fee payment. In one embodiment, billing entity 1313 debits the transaction fee from an account of pre-paid credits associated with account 1311. Billing entity 1313 can also charge the fee to an authorized, authenticated, etc. account associated with account 1311.
Access to the instance of content is then authorized with content key 1315 according to the transacted for terms. Similarly, a user can buy unlimited access to the instance of content by paying a purchase price, which results in issuing a content key 1315 reflecting an upgraded instance of content, e.g., corresponding to full ownership of the instance of content.
FIG. 14 depicts a flowchart of an exemplary computer implemented process 1400 for accessing content on demand, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Process 1400 begins with step 1401, wherein content is stored for accessibility with a content server. The content comprises information that is independent of any particular medium. For example, the server may access content stored preloaded and/or downloaded, etc. on a media appliance, content obtained from storage in a media repository such as may be associated with a content provider, distributor, producer, etc., content accessed with a rental, pay-per-view or similar arrangement, copied from a rented, borrowed or purchased DVD, CD, Blu-RayTM and similar media, and content accessed from legacy type media with appropriate digitizing (e.g., analog to digital conversion, etc.) means, etc.
In step 1402, a type identifier associates a user's instance of ownership corresponding to a particular instance of content is identified (e.g., included with, in, on, etc.) a content key associated with that instance of content. In step 1403, upon a user request, demand, etc. to access (e.g., view, hear, etc.) an instance of content in excess of (e.g. beyond a maximum level corresponding to, etc.) the user's existing associated instance of ownership therein, a fee transaction system is initiated. In step 1404, the user's access to the instance of content is enabled upon acceptance of a payment, fee, consideration, etc. made (e.g., paid, etc.) according to the transaction that was initiated. In one embodiment, the transaction can comprise the debiting of a user associated account of pre-paid credits, a bank or credit account, etc., payment of a rental, purchase or other fee, and the like.
In step 1405, upon the payment or otherwise satisfying the terms of the initiated transaction, the content is activated (e.g., authorized, etc.) for access with a user device according to the instance of ownership, for instance as upgraded according to the terms of the initiated transaction, completing process 1400.
The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
associating, by a registry server, for each of a plurality of instances of content, a unique identifier of a given instance of content, an ownership identification for said given instance of content, and an instance of ownership of said given instance of content, in a registry;
receiving, by a registry server, a request to access a particular instance of content, wherein said request includes a unique identifier of said particular instance of content and an ownership identification of a user;
authenticating, by a registry server, said user in response to receiving said request to access said particular instance of content;
determining, by said registry server, an instance of ownership of said particular instance of content from said registry according to said unique identifier of said particular instance of content and said ownership identification of said user, if said user is authenticated; and
providing, by said registry server, a content key to an access device of said user, wherein said content key includes said unique identifier of said particular instance of content, said ownership identification of said user and an instance of ownership of said particular instance of content.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
accessing, by said access device of said user, a decryption key for decrypting said particular instance of content according to said instance of ownership of said particular instance of content if said content key verifies that said user is permitted to access said particular instance of content; and
accessing, by said access device of said user; said particular instance of content using said decryption key according to said instance of ownership of said particular instance of content in said content key.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing said plurality of instances of content separately from said registry.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing said particular instance of content, protected by said decryption key, local to said access device of said user.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing said particular instance of content, remotely from said access device of said user, on a content server.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing said particular instance of content, protected by said decryption key, local to said access device of said user, and on a content server remote to said access device of said user.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising initiating a transaction to upgrade said instance of ownership if said request to access said particular instance of content exceeds said determined instance of ownership.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising transcoding said particular instance of content to provide independent of said particular instance of content from a particular medium or format.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said content key is embedded in said particular instance of content provided to said access device of said user.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing said content key, in a safeguarded format, local to said access device of said user.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said content key is valid for a specified time period.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said registry server is remote from said access device of said user.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein said registry server is provided by a content provider, or a third party to said content provider and said user.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said content key is associated with a select number of access devices of said user.

15. One or more non-transitory computing device readable media having computing device executable instructions which when executed perform a method comprising:
receiving a request to access a particular instance of content, wherein said request includes a content identifier of said particular instance of content and an identifier of a user;
authenticating said user in response to receiving said request to access said particular instance of content;
determining access rights for said particular instance of content, according to said received content identifier of said particular instance of content and said identifier of said user, from a registry that associates a unique content identifier of each given instance of content, a corresponding owner identifier of each given instance of content, and corresponding access rights for each given instance of content, if said user is authenticated; and
providing a content key to an access device of said user, wherein said content key includes said content identifier of said particular instance of content, said identifier of said user and said access rights for said particular instance of content.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising accessing said particular instance of content using a decryption key according to said access rights for said particular instance of content in said content key.

17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising storing said particular instance of content separately from said registry so that said access rights are decoupled from said particular instance content.

18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising initiating a transaction to upgrade access rights of said particular instance of content if said request to access said particular instance of content exceeds said determined access rights.

19. The method according to claim 15, further comprising transcoding said instance of content to provide independence of said particular instance of content from a particular medium or format.

20. The method according to claim 15, wherein said content key is provided by embedding said content key in said particular instance of content.