COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS

ROBERT G. HOULE, Appellant,

v. CAPITAL ONE BANK (USA), N.A.,

Appellee. §

§ § § § § No. 08

- 16

- 00234

- CV

Appeal from County Court at Law No. 5 of El Paso Co unty, Texas (TC # 2015

- CCV01442 )

O P I N I O N We withdraw our O pinion of September 28, 2018, and substitute this opinion in its place. We deny Appellant’s motion for rehearing. This is a traditional summary judgment case arising from alleged non

- payment of a credit card account. Appellant Robert G. Houle appeals the trial court ’ s grant of summary judgment in favor of Appellee, Capital One Bank (USA), N.A. (“Capital One”). We affirm the trial court ’ s judgment. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND Houle entered into a credit card account agreement with Capital One in 1998. In 2014, Capital One filed its original petition in Justice Court, Precinct 3, Place 1 of El Paso County, and therein asserted causes of action a gainst Houle for breach of contract and account stated. Capital
One sought to recover $4007.72 from Houle on his account , which Capital One identified in its2

petition as “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

. ” Capital One also noted in its petition that Houle ’ s account numb er had been redacted pursuant to Rule 21c(a)(2) and 508.2(a)(1)(B) of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. T EX .R.C IV .P. 21c(a)(2)(Privacy Protection for Filed Documents), 508.2(a)(1)(B)(Debt Claim Cases, Petition, Contents, Credit Accounts ). On July 31, 2 015, the Justice Court entered final judgment in favor of Capital One and awarded it the principal sum of $4,007.72 , without interest, and costs of court. Houle appealed the Justice Court ’ s judgment to County Court at Law Number 5 (the trial court), and Capital One filed a motion for summary judgment accompanied by a supporting brief

. In support of its motion for summary judgment, Capital One presented evidence in the form of an affidavit executed by Diane Trittipoe , who averred that she is an employ ee of Capital One Services, LLC, an agent and affiliate of Plaintiff Capital One Bank that provides services to Capital One in relation to its credit card and banking practices

. Trittipoe ’ s responsibilities as a Litigation Support Representative provide h er access to relevant Capital One systems and documents necessary for validation of the information and statements made in her affidavit . In her affidavit, Trittipoe states she has personal knowledge of the manner and method by which Capital One create s a nd maintains certain business books and records, including computer records of customer accounts. Trittipoe attache d 183 pages of records to her affidavit as evidence of the applicable terms , condi t ions , and activity related to the credit card account “ending in XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX issued to [Robert G. Houle] by [Capital One.]” Trittipoe does not represent that all records on the account are attached to her affidavit nor represents that the records she has produced include all records for a particular pe riod of time. A lthough the account number on the statements has been redacted , Trittipoe states that the records are originals or are exact duplicates of the originals.3

The rec ords include some , but not all , credit card account statements due in and betwe en the months of February 2008 and June 2013

. The records show that the annual percentage rate assessed on the account balance varied each month from a low of 13.43% to a high of 2 5.15%

. The rate often changed from month to month, and rarely remained con stant for more than two or more consecutive months . A fter Houle ’ s account became delinquent , the annual percentage rate of 29.40% was applied to the account balance

. The last account statement for the period of May 11, 2013 to June 10, 2013, shows a previous balance of $3,832.72, payment and credits of $0.00, fees and interest charged in the sum of $175.00 , and a new balance of $4,007.72 , the sum which Capital One sought to recover in its suit . That statement also includes contact information for Cap ital One, a statement that Houle ’ s account has been “charged off ,” which is described as a status change from “past due,” as well as a notification th at although Houle would remain responsible for paying the balance on the account , Capital One would no lon ger charge Houle past due, over limit, or membership fees

. In response, Houle asserted that Capital One ’ s motion for summary judgment should be denied because a genuine issue of material fact exist s regarding “the amount claimed by [Capital One], ” in par t because the records attached to Trittipoe ’ s affidavit did not contain a statement for the month of July 2010 , and the interest rate on the account in June 2010 was shown to be 13.47% but had increased to 29.40 % in August 2010

. Houle also complained of Trittipoe ’ s alleged lack of personal knowledge to support the affidavit as well as the state of the records attached to the affidavit

. The trial court granted final summary judgment in favor of Capital One

. Houle appeals the trial court ’ s judgment.4 DISCUSSION In his sole issue on appeal, Houle contends the trial court erred in granting Appellee ’ s motion for summary judgment

. This contention is based on Houle ’ s assertion s that Capital One failed to properly authenticate its business records through T rittipoe , that the records were incomplete and contained conflicting in consistencies , and that genuine issues of material fact exist in relation to the interest rate assessed and changes thereto as well as the amount owed on his Capital One account

. Standard of Review We review a summary judgment de novo. Valence Operating Company v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005) ; Roth v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. , 439 S.W.3d 508, 511

- 12 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2014, no pet.)

. To prevail on a summary judgment motion, the movant must demonstrate that no genuine issues of material fact exist and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. T EX .R.C IV .P

. 166a(c); Provident Life and Acc. Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211,
215

- 16 (Tex. 2003); Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Company, Inc., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985). A movant for summary judgment must conclusively prove all elements of its cause of action as a matter of law. T EX .R.C IV .P

. 166a(c); see Rockwall Commons Associates, Ltd. v. MRC Mortg. G rantor Trust I, 331 S.W.3d 500, 505

- 06 ( Tex.App.

- - El Paso 2010, no pet.). If ordinary minds could not differ as to the conclusion to be drawn from the evidence, a matter is conclusively
proven. Id. at 505. If the movant conclusively proves its right to summary judgment as a matter of law, the burden then shifts to the non

- movant to present evidence that raises a genuine issue of material fact, precluding the summary judgment. Id.5

When determining whether a disputed issue of material fact exists that wou ld preclude summary judgment, we regard all evidence in the summary judgment record in the light most favorable to the non

- movant, and indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in favor of the non

- movant. Walters v. Cleveland Regional Medi cal Center, 307 S.W.3d 292, 296 (Tex. 2010); Provident, 128 S.W.3d at 215

- 16. When a trial court ’ s summary judgment order does not state the specific grounds for its ruling, we must affirm the judgment if any of the theories advanced by Appellee ’ s motion are meritorious. Western Investments, Inc. v. Urena, 162 S.W.3d 547, 550 (Tex. 2005). The standards for determining the admissibility of evidence is the same in a summary judgment proceeding as at trial. See Seim v. Allstate Texas Lloyds , 551 S.W.3d 161, 163

- 64 (Tex. 2018)(per curiam), citing United Blood Servs. v. Longoria , 938 S.W.2d 29, 30 (Tex. 1997)(per curiam) ; Rockwall Commons Associates, Ltd., 3 31 S.W.3d at 505

- 06. The admission or exclusion of evidence rests in the sound discretion of the trial court. See Interstate Northborough Partnership v. State, 66 S.W.3d 213, 220 (Tex. 2001), citing City of Brownsville v. Alvarado, 897 S.W.2d 750, 753 (Tex. 1995). Evidence presented in support of a summary judgment must be in a form that would render the evidence admissible in a conventional trial. T EX .R.C IV .P

. 1 66a(f);

see United Blood Services v. Longoria, 938 S.W.2d 29, 30 (Tex. 1997). We apply an abuse of discretion standard when reviewing a trial court ’ s decision to admit or exclude summary judgment evidence. Harris v. Showcase Chevrolet, 231 S.W.3d 559, 561 (Tex.App.

- - Dallas 2007, no pet.). The test for abuse of discretion is not whether, in our opinion, the facts present an appropriate case for the trial court ’ s actions. Downer v. Aquamarine Oper ators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241

- 42 (Tex. 1985). Rather, it is a question of whether the trial6

court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles. Id. In other words, we must determine whether the court ’ s rulings were arbitrary or unreaso nable. Id. at 242. The mere fact that a trial court may decide a matter within its discretionary authority in a different manner than an appellate judge in a similar circumstance does not demonstrate that an abuse of discretion has occurred. Id.
Preserv ation of Error We first address Capital One ’ s assertion that Houle has failed to preserve this issue for our review. The rules of error preservation applicable during trial also apply in summary

- judgment proceedings

. T EX .R.A PP .P. 33.1 ( a); s ee Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 164 , citing Mansions in the Forest, L.P. v. Montgomery Cty. , 365 S.W.3d 314, 317

- 18 (Tex. 2012)(per curiam). Consequently, t o
preserve a complaint for appellate review : (1) a party must complain to the trial court by way of a timely request, objection, or motion; and (2) the trial court must rule o r refuse to rule on the request, objection, or motion. T EX .R.A PP .P. 33.1(a) ; Mansions in the Forest, L.P. , 365 S.W.3d

. at 31 7.
T he party asserting objections should obtain a written ruling at, befo re, or very near the time the trial court rules on the motion for summary judgment or risk waiver. See T EX .R.A PP .P . 33.1(a) ; Dolcefino v. Randolph , 19 S.W.3d 906, 926 (Tex.App.

-- Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied)

. If the factual statements in an affidavit are “not obviously based on hearsay[,]” a defect i s purely formal. See Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Penn, 363 S.W.2d 230, 234 (Tex. 1962) ; see also Ford Motor Co. v. Leggat, 904 S.W.2d 643, 645 (Tex. 1995) ( affidavit not defective where affiant swore before officer authorized to administer oaths that facts attested to were based on personal knowledge ; in absence of challenge to authenticity of affidavit, submission of a copy provides no ground for rejection ) ; Dolcefino v. Randolph , 19 S.W.3d 906 , 927 (Tex.App.

-- Houston7

[14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied) (trial court may not consider hearsay evidence in ruling on motion for summary judgment ). When a n affidavit suffers from a mere formal defect in form, a party must object to the formal defect and secure a ruling from the trial court to preserv e error. T EX .R.C IV .P. 166a(f) ; see Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166 , citing Well Sols., Inc. , 32 S.W.3d at 317. Defects that are purely formal may not be raised for the first time on appeal. Well Sols., Inc. v. Stafford , 32 S.W.3d 313, 317 (Tex.App.

-- San Antonio 2000, no pet.)

. Conversely , a party may first complain on appeal about a purely substantive defect present in an affidavit

. See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166 , citing Well Sols., Inc. , 32 S.W.3d at 317 ; Dailey v. Albertson ’ s, Inc. , 83 S.W.3d 222, 225 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2002, no pet.)

. Unless an order sustaining the objection to summary

judgment evidence is reduced to writing, signed, and entered of record, the evidence remains part of the summary

-

judgm ent proof even if a party has objected to an opponent ’ s summary - judgment evidence. See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166, citing Mitchell v. Baylor Univ. Med. Ctr., 109 S.W.3d 838, 842 (Tex.App.

-- Dallas 2003, no pet.). Analysis Houle asserts that he specifically objected in the trial court to information missing from Diana Trittipoe ’ s affidavit when he observed that the affidavit “does not advise the court as to how [Trittipoe] comes by that ‘ personal knowledge

. ’ ” H oule also candidly acknowledges that the trial court “did not comment on the objection

. ” Capital One counters that Houle not only failed to secure the trial court ’ s ruling on this specific objectio n but also failed to obtain the trial court ’ s ruling regarding his objection that Trittipoe failed to add ress the redaction of information in
account statements which she averred in her affidavit to be true and correct copies of original documents

. For these reasons, Capital One contends Houle has failed to preserve for our review8

his trial court objections to Capital One ’ s summary judgment evidence. In reply , Houle asserts that because the business records failed to satisfy the standard for summary judgment on the bases that they were not properly authenticated, were incomplete, and contained conflicting inconsistencies, “an actual objection was not necessary to preserve error.”
The record before us does not include a reporter ’ s record of any proceedings in the trial
court nor does it contain an express ruling by the trial court on Houle ’ s objections to Capital One ’ s
summary - judgment evidence

. The trial court ’ s final summary judgment does include a Mother Hubbard clause that declares “[a]ll relief not expressly granted is d enied

. ” We look to Houle ’ s response to Capital One ’ s motion for summary judgment to determine whether Houle preserved

error. Conflicting Inconsistencies On appeal , Houle complains in part that the business records used to support the summary judgment “contained conflicting inconsistencies.” Houle ’ s brief includes a heading titled, “Inconsistent Records,” in which he notes that the Capital One records attached to Trittipoe ’ s affidavit are missing a record for July 2010, reflect an increased interest ra te, and despite being declared true and correct copies, have had the account number redacted. Unlike his appellate complaint, i n his response to Capital One ’ s motion for summary judgment, Houle did not globally complain that the business records contain “ conflicting inconsistencies.” To the extent that Houle ’ s “conflicting inconsistencies” complaint may be deemed to stand independently of the complaints set out under the “Inconsistent Records” portion of his brief, we find it is not preserved
for our cons ideration. T EX .R.A PP .P. 33.1.9 D efects of Form
In his response to the summary

- judgment motion, Houle specifically complained in the trial court : Diana Trittipoe is not an employee of the Plaintiff, nor is she the custodian of records for the Plaintiff. She is an employee of another company and simply claims to have ‘ personal knowledge of the manner and method by which Capital One created and maintains certain business book and record, including computer records of customer accounts. ’ She does not a dvise the court as to how she comes by that ‘ personal knowledge. ’ The Court should be suspicious of her affidavit because she claims: ‘ The attached records are the originals or exact duplicates of the originals. ’ She identifies the account as consisting of 16 ‘ Xs. ’ According to the Defendant ’ s Affidavit, his account number did not consist of 16 ‘ Xs ’ but contained a series of arabic numerals. It is apparent from examining the documents attached as Plaintiff ’ s Exhibit A

- 1 that information has been redacted fro m the original document and that these copies are not ‘ exact duplicates ’ which is the express language of Rule 902 (10), Texas Rules of Evidence for authentication by affidavit. The information set forth in the paragraph above has already noted that the r ecords are not complete, and now there are not the originals or exact duplicates. The summary judgment evidence produced by Plaintiff will not support a summary judgment. On appeal, Houle complains that the records attached to Trittipoe ’ s affidavit were not properly authenticated , were incomplete, and were not true and complete copies of the originals because they bore redaction of Houle ’ s specific account numb er with Capital One

. These purported defects are purely formal. See Well Sols., Inc. v. Stafford , 32 S.W.3d 313, 317 (Tex. App.

-- San Antonio 2000, no pet.)(objection to deposition or affidavit, that is, statement in writing of a fact or facts signed by party making statement, sworn to before officer authorized to administer oaths, and official ly certified to by officer under his seal of office, on basis that statement does not establish foundation for statement is purely formal defect), citing Leggat, 904 S.W.2d at 645

- 46. Because Houle failed to object to the purported formal defects and secu re a ruling from the trial court in order to preserve error, he may not raise these complaints for the first10

time on appeal. T EX .R.C IV .P. 166a(f); see Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166 , citing Well Sols., Inc. , 32 S.W.3d at 317. Although the Texas Supreme Court h as recognized that an implicit ruling may be sufficient to preserve an issue for appellate review, it has clarified that the trial court ’ s ruling must be clearly implied by the record. See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166 , citing In the Interest of Z.L.T., J.K.H.T., and Z.N.T. , 124 S.W.3d 163, 165 (Tex. 2003). In Seim , the Court acknowledged the correct reasoning of the San Antonio Court of Appeals in Well Sols., Inc. v. Stafford , 32 S.W.3d 313, 317 ( Tex.App.

-- San Antonio 2000, no pet.) when that court decl ared: [ R ] ulings on a motion for summary judgment and objections to summary judgment evidence are not alternatives; nor are they concomitants. Neither implies a ruling

-- or any particular ruling

-- on the other. In short, a trial court ’ s ruling on an objecti on to summary judgment evidence is not implicit in its ruling on the motion for summary judgment; a ruling on the objection is simply not

‘ capable of being understood ’ from the ruling on the motion for summary judgment.
See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 165

. We agree that a trial court ’ s ruling on an objection to summary judgment evidence is not implicit in its ruling on the motion for summary judgment. See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166 , citing Well Sols., Inc. , 32 S.W.3d at 317. Moreover, that the trial court ’ s judg ment in this case includes a Mother Hubbard clause stating that “[a]ll other relief not expressly granted is denied[,]” does not constitute a showing that the trial court ruled on Houle ’ s objections to Capital One ’ s summary judgment evidence. See Lissiak v. SW Loan OO, L.P. , 499 S.W.3d 481, 488 ( Tex.App.

-- Tyler 2016, no pet

. ). We conclude the trial court did not implicitly rule on Houle ’ s objections to Capital
One ’ s summary -

judgment evidence. See Seim , 551 S.W.3d at 166

. As these complaints have not bee n preserved, they are waived. T EX .R.A PP .P. 33.1.11 Personal Knowledge Affidavits supporting a summary

- judgment motion must be made on personal knowledge , not supposition, and “ shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show af firmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein.” T EX .R.C IV .P

. 166a(f) ; T EX .R.E VID
. 602 (“A witness may testify to a matter only if

. . . the witness has personal knowledge of the matter.”) ; Marks v. St. Luke ’ s Episcopal Hosp. , 319 S.W.3d 658, 666 (Tex. 2010)

. An affidavit not based on personal knowledge is not legally sufficient. Id. , 319 S.W.3d
at 666 , citing Kerlin v. Arias, 274 S.W.3d 666, 668 (Tex. 2008)(per curiam). Houle contends on appeal as he did in the trial court that Trittipoe failed to demonstrate adequate personal knowledge underlying her testimony for proving up the attached Capital One business records

. We have previously held that a lack of personal knowledge, reflected in the affiant ’ s testimony itse lf and not just as the lack of a formal recitation, is a defect of substance that may be raised for the first time on appeal. Dailey v. Albertson ’ s, Inc. , 83 S.W.3d 222, 226 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2002, no pet.)

. T o the extent Houle ’ s complaint may be said to constitute a defect of substance and may be raised for the first time on appeal, we conclude it is without merit. The essence of his complaint is that there is some reason to doubt whether Trittipoe ’ s testimony regarding Capital One ’ s record

keeping procedures was based on her personal knowledge because she is employed by a Capital One agent and affiliate rather than Capital One itself. Trittipoe adequately demonstrates her competence to give the testimony she provided. She te stified that her responsibilities as a Litigation Support Representative provide her access to all relevant systems and documents needed to validate the information she has supplied

. Trittipoe12

also explained that her personal knowledge of the manner and m ethod by which Capital One creates and maintains certain books and records, including computer records of customer accounts , arises from the scope of her responsibilities as a Litigation Support Representative

. In that role, Trittipoe also declared that records of Houle ’ s credit card account ending in “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX” were kept in the regular course of its business and that the accoun t is the subject of this suit. The records are comprised of over 1 8 0 pages of documents that Trittipoe identifies as rel ated to Houle ’ s account with Capital One

. Trittipoe identified the records as originals or exact duplicates of the originals and established them to be Capital One ’ s business records containing statements of activity on Houle ’ s account

. The records refle ct extensions of credit requested by Houle and extended by Capital On e, payments made by Houle and other credits, fees and interest assessed on the account, installments due and owing, and account balances owed

. Trittipoe explained that the records contain the terms and conditions applicable to Houle ’ s account, and also include the application Houle signed as well as copies of Houle ’ s payments on the account. Trittipoe concludes her affidavit by stating, “As of the date of this affidavit, the amount due and owing on the account is $4,007.72.” Contrary to Houl e ’ s suggestion , the rules of evidence do not require that the qualified witness who lays the predicate for the admission of business records be their creator or have personal knowledge of the c ontents of the record

. See T EX .R.E VID
. 803(6), 902(10) 1 ; see a lso
B ridges v. Citibank (S.D.) N.A., No. 02

- 06

- 00081

- CV, 2006 WL 3751404, at *2 (Tex.App.

-- Fort

1 Rule 902(10)(b) sets out a form affidavit to be used when introducing business records under Rule 803(6). T EX .R.E VID
. 902(10)(b) , 803(6). Rule 902(10)(b) provides, however, that the form set out in the rule is not exclusive. An affidavit that substantially c omplies with the affidavit set out in the rule will suffice. T EX .R.E VID
. 902(10)(b) ; see also Fullick v. City of Baytown, 820 S.W.2d 943, 944 (Tex.App.

-- Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, no writ).13

Wo rth Dec. 21, 2006, no pet. )( mem.op.) , citing In re K.C.P., 142 S.W.3d. 574, 578 (Tex.App.

-- Texarkana 2004, no pet.). The witness is required only to have personal knowledge of the manner in which the records were kept. See T EX .R.E VID . 803(6), 902(10); see also Bridges , 2006 WL 3751404, at *2. We conclude that T rittipoe ’ s testimony adequately demonstrat es the basis for her personal knowledge of the manner and method by which Capital One kept its records and the other facts to which she testified. Other Texas courts have considered similar affidavit testimony by such personnel as adequate to establish the basis for the affiants ’ personal knowledge and competence. See, e.g., Damron v. Citibank (S. Dakota) N.A. , 03

- 09

- 00438

- CV, 2010 WL 3377777, at *3

- 4 (Tex.App.

-- Austin Aug. 25, 2010, pet. denied) (mem. op.); McFarland v. Citibank (S. D akota),
N.A. , 293 S.W.3d 759, 762 (Tex.App.

-- Waco 2009, no pet.) ( affiant ’ s affidavit based on pe rsonal knowledge derived from her work as a l itigation a nalyst was not conclusory as it provided proper basis for admitting business records); Wynne v. Citibank (S.D.) N.A., No. 07

- 06

- 000162

- CV, 2008 WL 1848286, at *2 (Tex.App.

- - Amarillo Apr. 25, 2008, pet. denied)(mem.op.); Jones v. Citibank (S.D.), N.A., 235 S.W.3d 333, 337 (Tex.App.

- - Fort Worth 20 07, no pet.); Hay v. Citibank (S.D.) N.A., No. 14

- 04

- 01131

- CV, 2006 WL 2620089, at *3 (Tex.App.

- - Houston [14th Dist.] Sept. 14, 2006, no pet.)( substitute op.)

. Genuine Issue of Material Fact
T he four elements of a breach of contract claim a re: (1) the existence of a valid contract; (2) performance, or tendered performance, by the plaintiff; (3) breach of the contract by the defendant; and (4) damages to the plaintiff resulting from that breach. Restrepo v. All. Riggers & Constructors, Ltd. , 538 S.W.3d 724, 740 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2017, no pet.) , citing Velvet Snout,14

LLC v. Sharp , 441 S.W.3d 448, 451 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2014, no pet.). A party is entitled to relief for a stated account where : (1) transactions between the parties give rise to indebtedness of one to the other; (2) an agreement, express or implied, between the parties fixes an amount due, and (3) the one to be charged makes a promise, express or implied, to pay the indebtedness. Eaves v. Unifund CCR Partners , 301 S.W.3d 402, 407

- 08 (Tex.App.

-- El Paso 2009, no pet.) ; McFarland v. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A., 293 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex.App.

- - Waco 2009, no pet.) ; Dulong v. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A., 2 61 S.W.3d 890, 893 (Tex.App.

- - Dallas 2008, no pet.)

. Because an agreement on which an accou nt stated claim is based can be express or implied, a creditor need not produce a written contract to establish the agreement between the parties; an implied agreement can arise from the acts and conduct of the parties. See Walker v. Citibank,
N.A. , 458 S.W.3d 689, 692

- 93 (Tex.App.

-- Eastland 2015, no pet.) , citing McFarland, 293 S.W.3d
at 763. In response to Capital One’s motion for summary judgment, Houle filed an affidavit in which he complained that Capital One’s documents were not original or exact du plicates of account statements he had received, and noted both that his statements did not contain solid black lines and his account number had numeric digits rather than the “Xs” contained in Capital One’s summary judgment evidence. Houle acknowledged th at although he had disputes with Capital One regarding charges and credits to his account, Capital One later credited payment and refunded a late penalty. Houle also complained that Capital One had increased its interest rate in an arbitrary manner, speci fically in July 2010 when he made a payment and Capital One purportedly doubled the “interest rate,” and without specifying, he asserted in a conclusory manner that the account is not true and correct and that he does not owe the amount Capital One claims is due.15

There is no evidence in the record from Houle or Capital One regarding payments made in July
2010. The evidence showed that Capital One and Houle entered into a credit card agreement, that Capital One issued a credit card to Houle , that Houle used the credit card to make purchases, and that Houle made payments on the account. Evidence of t he card

- member agreement was presented to the trial court through Trittipoe ’ s affidavit

. The agreement provide s that Capital One would allow Houle to purchase goods and services with credit in exchange for payment. According to the terms of the agreement , Capital One would assess interest charges based on the application of the annual percentage rate , which varies as the index for the rate increase s or decreases , and in the event of two late payments, the variable annual percentage rate would increase to a n unspecified “ penalty annual percentage rate

. ” The June 2010 statement having a July 2010 due date shows an annual percentage rate of 13.52%. F ur ther, the record showed that Houle ’ s account was past due for six consecutive months , from January 2013

- June 2013, with an annual percentage rate of 29.40%, incurred past due and over limit fees, and was thereafter “charged off,” with a final balance of $4007.72

. Based on the card

- member agreement , Capital One ’ s extension of credit on Houle ’ s
account , Houle ’ s usage of the credit card and failure to pay on the account in accordance with the terms of the agreement, and Capital One ’ s resulting damages, we conclude that Capital One satisfied each element of its breach of contract cause of action and, if necessary for the account

stated cause o f action, conclude or reasonably infer that Houle agreed to pay a fixed amount equal to the purchases and cash advanc es he made, plus interest. See Dulong, 261 S.W.3d at 894; McFarland, 293 S.W.3d at 763

- 64 (cases holding creditor could collect debt on account stated16

where, based on series of transactions reflected on account statements, creditor established that card h older agreed to full amount shown on statements and impliedly promised to pay indebtedness). W e conclude that no genuine issue of material fact exists as a matter of law as to any element of Capital One ’ s causes of action against Houle

. Taking Houle’s af fidavit as true, and indulging every reasonable inference and resolving any doubts in his favor, we conclude that Houle failed to satisfy his burden of presenting evidence that raises a genuine issue of material fact. See Nixon , 690 S.W.2d at 548

- 49.
More over, w ith limited exceptions, Rule 21c requires that unless the inclusion of sensitive data is required by statute, court rule, or administrative regulation, a document containing sensitive data , including credit card numbers, may not be filed with the court unless that data is redacted.
See T EX .R. C IV .P. 21c(a)(2), (b). The rule requires that sensitive data be redacted by using the letter “X” in place of each omitted digit or character or by other means specified therein. See
T EX .R.C IV .P. 21c(c). The redaction of Houle ’ s credit cards account data from the records attached to Trittipoe ’ s affidavit in compliance with Rule 21c does n ot raise a genuine issue of material fact as to any element of Capital One ’ s breach of contract a nd account stated claims. The trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of Capital One. Houle ’ s sole issue on appeal is overruled. CONCLUSION
T he t rial court ’ s judgment is affirmed

.

December 1 9 , 2018 ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Chief Justice Before McClure, C.J., Rodriguez, and Palafox, JJ.