# Patent

## Title
Method and apparatus for spectrum monitoring

## Abstract

A system, such as a satellite reception assembly or customer premises gateway, may comprise an analog-to-digital converter operable to digitize a signal spanning an entire television spectrum (e.g., cable television spectrum or satellite television spectrum) comprising a plurality of television channels. The system may comprise a signal monitor operable to analyze a signal to determine a characteristic of the signal. The system may comprise a data processor operable to process a television channel to recover content carried on the television channel. The system may comprise a channelizer operable to select first and second portions of the signal, and concurrently output the first portion to the signal monitor and the second portion to the data processor.

## Background
PRIORITY CLAIM
This patent application makes reference to, claims priority to and claims benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/532,098 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Spectrum Monitoring” and filed on Sep. 8, 2011.
The above application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
This patent application also makes reference to:
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/336,451 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Broadband Data Conversion” and filed on Dec. 23, 2011; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/485,003 entitled “Multi-layer Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)” and filed on May 31, 2012; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/588,769 entitled “Multi-Standard Coverage Map Generation” and filed on Aug. 17, 2012.
Each of the above stated applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Certain embodiments of the invention relate to signal processing. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for spectrum monitoring.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Network-based services can become unacceptable if network parameters fall outside of those for which receivers in the network were designed. For example, in a cable television system there are specifications for the number of channels on the plant, the types of channels, the signal levels of those channels and the impairments that can be on the plant that would affect the performance of the receiver. If some or all of these parameters deviate outside acceptable bounds, the user may experience unacceptable performance. Conventional methods and apparatuses for monitoring network parameters are too costly and impractical for use in customer-premises equipment (CPE).
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system and/or method is provided for spectrum monitoring, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.
These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the present invention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A depicts an example cable system in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1B depicts an example receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1C depicts an example satellite system in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2A depicts an example RF front-end of a receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2B depicts another example RF front-end of a receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 depicts an example channelizer which may be utilized for performing spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating example steps for spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As utilized herein the terms “circuits” and “circuitry” refer to physical electronic components (i.e. hardware) and any software and/or firmware (“code”) which may configure the hardware, be executed by the hardware, and or otherwise be associated with the hardware. As utilized herein, “and/or” means any one or more of the items in the list joined by “and/or”. For example, “x and/or y” means any element of the three-element set {(x), (y), (x, y)}. Similarly, “x, y, and/or z” means any element of the seven-element set {(x), (y), (z), (x, y), (x, z), (y, z), (x, y, z)}. As utilized herein, the terms “block” and “module” refer to functions than can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of one or more thereof.
FIG. 1A depicts an example communication system in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. Shown in FIG. 1 is a terrestrial television antenna 102, a satellite dish 104, an Internet Protocol (IP) network 106, a headend 108, a wide area network (e.g., hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network) 118, a gateways 120a and 120b, end systems 126a and 126b (e.g., computers), and end systems 128a and 128b. The headend 108 comprises a switch 110, a video modulator 112, a cable modem termination system (CMTS) 114, and a splitter/combiner 116.
For downstream traffic, the headend 108 may receive television signals via the antenna 102 and the satellite dish 104, and may receive data via the IP network 106. The switch 110 may convey the television signals to the video modulator 112 and the data to the CMTS 114. The video modulator 112 may modulate the received television signals onto a carrier. The CMTS 114 may modulate the received data onto a carrier. The splitter/combiner 116 may combine the outputs of the video modulator 112 and the CMTS 114 resulting in a frequency division multiplexed (FDM) signal comprising one or more television channels and/or one or more DOCSIS channels. The FDM signal may be onto the wide area network (WAN) 118 for distribution to customer premise equipment (CPE). Each of the gateways 120a and 120b may comprise a receive module 150 operable to process the received FDM signal as described below.
In an example embodiment, each of the gateways 120a and 120b may be operable to transmit, via a module 152, messages to the CMTS 114. For such upstream data, the gateways 120a and 120b may modulate messages (e.g., network management/maintenance messages) onto one or more carriers for transmission via the WAN 118. The splitter/combiner 116 may then convey the message to the CMTS 114. The CMTS 114 may process the messages and, in an example embodiment, adjust transmission parameters (e.g., modulation parameters, transmit power, frequency offsets, etc.) and/or perform other maintenance/management based on the received messages.
FIG. 1B depicts an example receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. Shown in FIG. 1B is a receiver circuit 100 comprising an RF receive front-end module 158, a channelizer module 102, a monitoring module 154, and a data processing module 156.
The RF receive front-end 158 may be operable to process a received RF signal S to generate a digital signal D. The signal S may be the result of a plurality of television and/or DOCSIS channels being frequency division multiplexed into a single signal. The signal S may occupy a frequency band from Flo to Fhi. The RF front-end 158 may, for example, amplify, down-convert, filter, and/or digitize the received signal S to generate the digital signal D. Example embodiments of the RF front-end are depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
The channelizer 102 may be operable to select J+1 bands (represented as C1-CJ+1) of the signal S and output each of the selected bands to the monitoring module 154 and/or the data processing module 156, where J is an integer greater than 1. An example embodiment of the channelizer 102 is depicted in FIG. 3. Each band Cj may, for example, correspond to the frequency band of one or more television channels. For example, each band Cj may be an integer multiple of 6 MHz (U.S.) or 8 MHz (EU).
In an example embodiment, the channelizer 102 may be implemented entirely in the digital domain and the channelization may be achieved via one or more digital filtering algorithms and/or other digital signal processing algorithms.
The monitoring module 154 may be operable to analyze the band CJ+1 that it receives from the channelizer 102 to measure/determine characteristics such as, for example, signal power level vs. frequency, delay vs. frequency, phase shift vs. frequency, type and/or amount of modulation, code rate, interference levels, signal to noise ratio, a transfer function of the channel of over which the signal was received, an impulse response of the channel over which the signal was received, and/or any other characteristic that may help assess characteristics of the channel over which the signal was received, assess characteristics of the transmitter that sent the signal and/or any otherwise be pertinent to performance of the communication system. The monitoring module may also be operable to generate one or more control signals 160 for configuring the channelizer 102 and/or for configuring the RF front-end 158. Additionally or alternatively, the control signal(s) 160 output by the monitoring module 154 may control the transmission of network management/maintenance messages by the device 150. Such message may comprise, for example, network status updates indicating whether one or more communication parameters of one or more received television or DOCSIS channels are outside acceptable bounds, and/or conveying measured/determined characteristics back to a source of the received signal (e.g., back to a cable headend), In an example embodiment, the monitoring module 174 may be operable to demodulate signals for measuring one or more characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio, code rate.
The data processing module 156 may be operable to process the bands C1-CJ conveyed to it by the channelizer 102 to recover data present in one or more television channels present in those bands of the signal S. The data processing module 156 may, for example, perform synchronization, equalization, and decoding. The data processing module 156 may output processed data (e.g., MPEG transport stream packets and/or Internet Protocol packets) to end systems 126, perhaps via an interface such as an HDMI interface and/or an Ethernet interface (not shown). The data processing module 156 may also be operable to generate one or more control signals 162 for configuring the channelizer 102 and/or the receive front-end 158.
The parallel arrangement of the monitoring module 154 and data processing module 156 may enable determination of signal and/or channel characteristics without having to interrupt service to user equipment 126 and 128.
In an example embodiment, the signal S may be a cable television signal with Flo≈55 MHz, Fhi≈1002 MHz. In an example embodiment, the signal S may be a MoCA signal with with Flo≈1150 MHz and Fhi≈2100 MHz. These numbers are purely for illustration and not intended to be limiting.
In an example embodiment, the signal S may be a satellite television signal such as may be at the input of a LNB, at the output of a LNB, or at the input of a indoor unit (e.g., set top box). In such an embodiment, the front-end 158, channelizer 152, data processing module 154, and/or monitoring module 154 may reside in the indoor unit (e.g., set-top box), outdoor unit (e.g., satellite dish or accompanying components), and/or may be distributed among the indoor unit and outdoor unit of a satellite installation residing at a customer premises. An example of such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 1C.
In operation of such an example embodiment, the signal S may be amplified, possibly downconverted, and digitized by the RF front-end 158 to generate the signal D. The channelizer 102 may then select J bands of the signal D for output to the data processing module 156. Each of the selected bands C1-CJ may, for example, comprise one or more of the cable television channels and/or one or more of the DOCSIS channels that make up the signal S. The data processing module 156 may provide one or more control signals to determine which portion of the signal D is selected for each of the bands C1-CJ. The selection may be based, for example, on which television channels are being consumed by end systems 128 and/or whether DOCSIS data is being consumed by end systems 126. The channelizer 102 may also select one band, represented as band CJ+1, to be output to the monitoring module 154. Band CJ+1 may comprise any portion or portions (including the entire bandwidth from Flo to Fhi) of the signal D. Which portion of the signal S is selected as band CJ+1 may, for example, be configured by the monitoring module 154. The data processing module 156 may process one or more of bands C1-CJ to recover data on one or more channels (e.g., television and/or DOCSIS channels) present in those bands while the monitoring module 154 may concurrently process band CJ+1 to measure/determine characteristics of all or a portion of the signal S between flo and fhi.
FIG. 1C depicts an example satellite system in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. Shown in FIG. 1C is a satellite dish assembly 172, and a gateway 196. The subassembly 174 comprises a feed horn 182, an LNB 194, the front-end 158, the channelizer 152, the monitoring module 154, and the data processing module 156. The various modules of the subassembly 174 may reside in one or more housings, on one or more printed circuit boards, and/or one or more integrated circuits (e.g., one or more silicon dice). In another example embodiment, the monitoring module 154 and/or the data processing module 156 may reside in the gateway 196.
In the example embodiment depicted, the satellite dish assembly 172 comprises a parabolic reflector 176 and a subassembly 174 mounted (e.g., bolted or welded) to a support structure 178 which, in turn, comprises a boom 190 and attaches (e.g., via bolts) to the premises 180 (e.g., to the roof). In another example embodiment, all or a portion of the modules 152, 154, and/or 156 may be mounted to the premises 180 separate from the satellite dish (e.g., connected via wired and/or wireless connections), but may still be part of the “outdoor unit.”
The gateway 196 may receive data from the satellite dish assembly 172 (via cable(s) 184). The gateway and may transmit data onto and receive data from the WAN 192 (via broadband connection 188). The gateway 196 may transmit data to and receive data from user equipment 128 and 126 (via one or more connections 186).
FIG. 2A depicts an example RF front-end of a receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. The RF front-end 158A shown in FIG. 2A comprises a variable gain amplifier 202, and receive chains 2041-204L, where L is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Each receive chains 2041 may comprise an amplifier module 2101, a mixer module 2121, a filter module 2141, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module 2161, where 1 is an integer between 1 and L.
Each amplifier 2101 may be operable to amplify a band 1 of the signal S. Each mixer 2121 may be operable to mix a band 1 of the signal S with a local oscillator signal (not shown) to downconvert the band 1 to a lower frequency. Each filter module 2141 may be operable to bandpass filter the band 1 to remove/attenuate frequencies outside band 1. Each ADC 216 may be operable to convert the band 1 of the analog signal S to a corresponding digital representation. Operation of the RF front-end 158 and/or processing of signals generated by the front-end 158, may, for example, be as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/336,451 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Broadband Data Conversion” which is incorporated by reference herein, as set forth above.
In an example embodiment, the front-end 158A may reside in a cable gateway such as the cable gateway 120 described above. In an example embodiment, the front-end 158A may reside in satellite gateway/set-top box and/or in an outdoor unit of a satellite reception assembly (e.g., collocated on-chip or on-PCB with a satellite low-noise block downconverter (LNB)).
FIG. 2B depicts another example RF front-end of a receiver operable to perform spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. The RF front-end 158B shown in FIG. 2B comprises a variable gain amplifier 252, a filter 254, and an ADC 256. Functions performed by the RF front-end 158B may be referred to as “full-spectrum capture” (or “FSC”).
In the front-end 158B, the entire bandwidth, from Flo to Fhi, of signal S may be amplified by the amplifier 252 to generate S′. The amplified signal S′ may be then filtered by the filter 254 to remove undesired signals outside of Flo to Fhi and generate signal S′′. The signal S′′, from Flo to Fhi, may then be digitized by the ADC 256 to generate signal D. In an example embodiment, the ADC may be as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/485,003 entitled “Multi-layer Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC),” which is incorporated by reference herein, as set forth above.
In an example embodiment, the ADC 256 may be capable of digitizing a signal S wherein Flo to Fhi is 1 GHz or higher. Accordingly, for cable television/DOCSIS, the ADC 256 may be operable to digitize the entire cable downstream (e.g., from  ̃55 MHz to  ̃1002 MHz). Similarly, for satellite television, the ADC 256 may be operable to digitize the received signal at the input of the LNB, and/or the downconverted signal (e.g., from  ̃1 GHz to  ̃2 GHz) at the output by an LNB.
FIG. 3 depicts an example channelizer which may be utilized for performing spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. Band selection filters 3021-302J of the channelizer 102 may each process the signal D to recover a corresponding one of the J selected bands of the signal D, and output the band on a corresponding one of the ports 3041 to 304J. A band selection filter 302J+1 of the channelizer 102 may process the signal D to recover band from the signal D, and output band CJ+1 on the port 304J+1. Which band or bands are selected by the filter 302J+1 may be configured based on one or more control signals input to the channelizer 102. For example, the value of a parameter k may determine the center frequency of the portion of signal D that is to be selected as by the filter 302J+1, and the value of Δ may determine the bandwidth of the portion of this signal D that is selected as band CJ+1 for output on the port 304J+1. In this manner, all of the signal D between Flo and Fhi or any portion or portions of the signal D, may be selected for output on the port 304J+1.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating example steps for spectrum monitoring in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention. After start step 402, in step 404, the receiver circuit 100 may receive a frequency division multiplexed (FDM) signal comprising one or more channels (e.g., satellite television channels, cable television channels, and/or DOCSIS channels) occupying a frequency band between Flo and Fhi. In step 406, the received FDM signal is digitized across the full band from Flo to Fhi. In step 408, the digitized signal is channelized into one or more bands. In step 410, a first one or more of the bands are conveyed to a data processing module. In step 412 a second one or more of the bands are output to a monitoring module. In step 414, the data processing module processes one or more of the first one or more bands to recover data on those bands while the monitoring module concurrently processes the second one or more bands to determine characteristics of all or a portion of the frequency band from Flo to Fhi.
Other embodiments of the invention may provide a non-transitory computer readable medium and/or storage medium, and/or a non-transitory machine readable medium and/or storage medium, having stored thereon, a machine code and/or a computer program having at least one code section executable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machine and/or computer to perform the steps as described herein for spectrum monitoring
Accordingly, the present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least one computing system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computing systems. Any kind of computing system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computing system with a program or other code that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computing system such that it carries out the methods described herein. Another typical implementation may comprise an application specific integrated circuit or chip.
The present invention may also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
While the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A system comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter operable to digitize a received signal spanning an entire television spectrum comprising a plurality of television channels, said digitization resulting in a digitized signal;
a signal monitor operable to:
analyze said digitized signal to determine a characteristic of said digitized signal; and
report said determined characteristic to a source of said received signal;

a data processor operable to process a television channel to recover content carried on the television channel; and
a channelizer operable to:
select a first portion of said digitized signal;
select a second portion of said digitized signal; and
concurrently output said first portion of said digitized signal to said signal monitor and said second portion of said digitized signal to said data processor.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said first portion of said digitized signal spans said entire television spectrum.

3. A method comprising:
performing by one or more circuits:
receiving a signal having a bandwidth that spans from a first frequency, Flo, to a second frequency, Fhi, wherein said signal carries a plurality of channels;
digitizing said received signal from Flo to Fhi to generate a digitized signal;
selecting a first portion of said digitized signal;
selecting a second portion of said digitized signal; and
concurrently outputting said selected first portion and said selected second portion, wherein:
said selected first portion is output to a signal analyzer which analyzes said selected first portion to determine one or more characteristics of the received signal, and which reports said determined one or more characteristics to a source of said received signal; and
said selected second portion is output to a data processor for recovery of data carried on one or more of said plurality of channels.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said first portion comprises all of said received signal from Flo to Fhi.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein said one or more characteristics is one of: signal power vs. frequency, phase vs. frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, peak-to-average ratio, noise levels, bit error rate, and symbol error rate.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein:
said received signal is a cable television signal; and
said plurality of channels comprises a plurality of television channels.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein:
said received signal is a satellite television signal output by a low noise block downconverter; and
said plurality of channels comprises a plurality of television channels.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said one or more circuits reside in a customer premises satellite reception assembly.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein said one or more circuits reside in a customer premises gateway.

10. The method of claim 3, wherein a bandwidth and/or center frequency of said selected first portion is configurable during operation of said one or more circuits.

11. A system comprising:
one or more circuits that are operable to:
receive a signal having a bandwidth that spans from a first frequency, Flo, to a second frequency, Fhi, wherein said signal carries a plurality of channels;
digitize said received signal from Flo to Fhi to generate a digitized signal;
select a first portion of said digitized signal;
select a second portion of said digitized signal; and
concurrently output said selected first portion and said selected second portion, wherein:
said selected first portion is output to a signal analyzer that is operable to analyze said first portion to determine one or more characteristics of said first portion, and that is operable to report said determined one or more characteristics to a source of said received signal; and
said selected second portion is output to a data processor for recovery of data carried on one or more of said plurality of channels.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein said first portion comprises all of said received signal from Flo to Fhi.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein said one or more characteristics is one of: signal power vs. frequency, phase vs. frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, peak-to-average ratio, noise levels, bit error rate, and symbol error rate.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein:
said received signal is a cable television signal; and
said plurality of channels comprises a plurality of television channels.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein:
said received signal is a satellite television signal output by a low noise block downconverter; and
said plurality of channels comprises a plurality of television channels.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein said one or more circuits reside in a customer premises satellite reception assembly.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein said one or more circuits reside in a customer premises gateway.

18. The system of claim 11, wherein a bandwidth and/or center frequency of said selected first portion is configurable during operation of said one or more circuits.