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Home>Plan Your Visit>Tours, Guides, and Maps>Self-Guided Tours>Audio Stop 207

# Audio Stop 207

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Frederic Edwin Church

## *Niagara*, 1857

尼亚加拉大瀑布国家遗产区主任Sara Capen和美国和英国绘画副策展人Sarah Cash探讨Church的北美地标画作背后关于自由追求者的鲜为人知的故事。 

萨拉·卡什:我叫萨拉·卡什,在美国国家美术馆的美国和英国绘画部担任副策展人。我们正在观赏的绘画是弗雷德里克·埃德温·丘奇于1857年创作的《尼亚加拉大瀑布》。这幅画在当年相当激进,颇具革命性——就好像让观者悬停于瀑布之上,这种视角非常特别。画家将瀑布的近端和远端同时呈现在我们眼前。换言之,人类的肉眼不可能拥有这样的视角。  萨拉·卡彭: 我觉得画家是想撇除一切可能分散观者注意力的要素,让观者领悟其中的精髓。让我们超脱人类的局限,展开更宏大的思考。我叫萨拉·卡彭。我在尼亚加拉大瀑布美国国家遗产区域担任执行董事。萨拉·卡什:画家选择这么做也是由于他知道当时的美国人把尼亚加拉大瀑布看成最能代表美国这个新兴国家、充分彰显其活力的标志。  讲解员: 不过在当时的一部分美国人眼中,尼亚加拉大瀑布体现了更深一层的含义:自由之路。 萨拉·卡彭: 丘奇前往尼亚加拉大瀑布实地调研时,那里是热门景区,和如今的状况很像。不过当时还存在一些暗流涌动。慕名前来观光的还有一些南方种植园主,随行服侍他们的就是那些被他们控制的奴隶。瀑布之家酒店的服务员多为已经享有自由的非裔美国人,这些服务员会跟奴隶说:“听着,你与自由其实只隔着500码的距离。我们可以帮你逃过去。” 讲解员: 尼亚加拉大瀑布由尼亚加拉河上的一系列瀑布组成,横跨美国与加拿大国境。实地参观的游客会发现,加拿大国境线恰恰位于美国瀑布,就是丘奇所绘的壮观图景之上。萨拉·卡彭: 寻求自由的人先要跑下一级级木质台阶,在一道道飞流直下的瀑布环绕下跑完三百多英尺或者更长的路程到达底部,然后乘坐划艇直接从美国瀑布下方穿过。走进加拿大,获得自由。这段历史很重要,却鲜为人知。  我个人认为这幅画无论在当时还是今天都一样发人深省。它能真正打动人心。它还能让人渴望有所作为,产生行动的欲望。它试图给人带来更深的理解,无论是关于我们的历史,还是关于我们与自然和土地之间的关系。不过我觉得最重要的一点在于,这幅画在召唤我们妥善管理这些地方,以供后世观赏。  

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