United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

No. 21-3050 September Term, 2022

 FILED ON: DECEMBER 13, 2022

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

APPELLEE

v.

HUMBERTO IESAJACO-DIAZ, ALSO KNOWN AS GILBER ZELAYA-DIAZ, ALSO KNOWN AS PAYASO,

AGENT OF HUMBERTO IESAJACO,

APPELLANT

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Columbia

(No. 1:20-cr-00111-1)

Before: HENDERSON, Circuit Judge, and SENTELLE and TATEL, Senior Circuit Judges

J U D G M E N T

This case was considered on the record from the United States District Court for the 

District of Columbia and on the briefs of the parties. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); D.C. Cir. R. 

34(j). The Court has accorded the issues full consideration and has determined that they do not 

warrant a published opinion. See D.C. Cir. R. 36(d). For the reasons stated below, it is hereby

ORDERED and ADJUDGED that the district court’s order is affirmed.

Humberto Iesajaco-Diaz pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent 

to distribute 500 grams or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(B)(ii), 

and 846. After recruiting an associate, Iesajaco-Diaz agreed to purchase two kilograms of 

cocaine from a confidential informant of the Drug Enforcement Agency, for which the district 

court sentenced him to 44 months imprisonment. At sentencing, the district court, Judge Bates,

acknowledged and responded to several points raised by Iesajaco-Diaz. First, he noted IesajacoDiaz’s “initial desire” to purchase a lower quantity of cocaine but explained that “[e]ven at the 

lower quantity . . . that’s a significant quantity” and Iesajaco-Diaz was “responsible for recruiting 

someone to accompany him” in the purchase. Second, the court addressed the possibility of 

deportation, noting that Iesajaco-Diaz has “already been deported from this country on three 

previous occasions over the past 15 years” for similar offenses and expressing “concern[] with 

the cycle of deportation, return, illegal return, crime, deportation, et cetera.” Though recognizing 
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the “difficult setting” Iesajaco-Diaz grew up in, Judge Bates nonetheless found that “a substantial 

period of incarceration was warranted” in part to impress upon Iesajaco-Diaz that “his prospects 

for remaining in the United States are not good.” 

Challenging his sentence, Iesajaco-Diaz argues first that his sentence was procedurally and 

substantively flawed because the court failed to apply U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 Application Note 5 or to 

consider a departure under United States v. Smith, 27 F.3d 649 (D.C. Cir. 1994); and second, that 

his counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to raise Note 5, a Smith departure, or a 

downward variance based on other mitigating factors. 

An appeal waiver in Iesajaco-Diaz’s plea agreement squarely forecloses his claims that his 

sentence was procedurally or substantively flawed. A “knowing, intelligent, and 

voluntary” appeal waiver “generally may be enforced,” United States v. Guillen, 561 F.3d 527, 

529 (D.C. Cir. 2009), and we “ordinarily dismiss an appeal falling within the scope of such a 

waiver,” United States v. Hunt, 843 F.3d 1022, 1026–27 (D.C. Cir. 2016). Here, Iesajaco-Diaz 

does not contend that his appeal waiver was anything other than “knowing, intelligent, and 

voluntary.” Guillen, 561 F.3d at 529. That waiver is clear: Iesajaco-Diaz may not “appeal the 

sentence in [his] case, including but not limited to any term of imprisonment . . . and the manner 

in which the sentence was determined.” Yet that is exactly what Iesajaco-Diaz appeals here: he

challenges the district court’s calculation of his base offense level under U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 and 

failure to grant him a Smith departure. These claims clearly fall within the scope of Iesajaco-Diaz’s 

valid appeal waiver. 

Iesajaco-Diaz finds no more success with his second contention that his counsel rendered 

ineffective assistance when he failed to raise Note 5, seek a Smith departure, or argue for a variance 

based on Iesajaco-Diaz’s difficult upbringing and family circumstances. 

First, Note 5 does not apply in this case. Note 5 statesthat in a reverse sting, if the defendant 

establishes that he “did not intend to [purchase] the agreed-upon quantity of the controlled 

substance, the court shall exclude from the offense level determination” the amount that he did not 

intend to purchase. U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1, Application Note 5. Iesajaco-Diaz has not established that 

he lacked intent to purchase the amount of cocaine used to determine his sentence––two kilograms.

To the contrary, he affirmatively and repeatedly admitted that he was accountable for at least two 

kilograms of cocaine. 

Iesajaco-Diaz’s secondary argument––that “[a]t a minimum, even if the district court 

rejected [Note 5], there was a basis for granting a downward variance for sentencing 

manipulation,” Appellant’s Br. 15—is equally unavailing. Iesajaco-Diaz raised his initial desire to 

purchase a lesser amount of cocaine on several occasions: in his sentencing memorandum, in his 

counsel’s statement at sentencing, and in his own statement at sentencing. The district court found 

this argument unpersuasive. As a result, even if Iesajaco-Diaz’s counsel had urged a downward 

variance, there is no “‘reasonable probability’” that “‘the result of [Iesajaco-Diaz’s sentencing] 

would have been different.’” Smith v. Spisak, 558 U.S. 139, 149 (2010) (quoting Strickland v. 

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694 (1984)). 
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As to his Smith departure claim, Iesajaco-Diaz has not demonstrated that his counsel’s 

failure to raise the possibility of a downward departure prejudiced him because “the district court 

made clear that it would not have departed downward.” United States v. Brodie, 524 F.3d 259, 272 

(D.C. Cir. 2008). Although “a downward departure may be appropriate where the defendant’s 

status as a deportable alien is likely to cause a fortuitous increase in the severity of his sentence,” 

this departure is not automatic. Smith, 27 F.3d at 655. Judge Bates made clear that he was “very 

concerned with the cycle of deportation, return, illegal return, crime, deportation, et cetera,” and 

that he intended his sentence to drive home that Iesajaco-Diaz’s “prospects for remaining in the

United States are not good.” Granting a Smith departure would only speed up this cycle of 

recidivism. From this record, we have no basis for concluding that Judge Bates would be inclined 

to grant a Smith departure. Brodie, 524 F.3d at 272. 

Finally, Iesajaco-Diaz argues that his attorney failed to raise other mitigating factors, 

namely his family circumstances, difficult childhood, and medical conditions. Once again, an 

examination of the record reveals that the district court was aware of and weighed each of these 

factors. We have no basis for concluding that Diaz’s counsel’s performance “‘prejudiced [his] 

defense.’” United States v. Sitzmann, 893 F.3d 811, 831 (D.C. Cir. 2018) (quoting Strickland, 466 

U.S. at 687.). 

Pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 36, this disposition will not be published. The Clerk is 

directed to withhold issuance of the mandate herein until seven days after the resolution of any 

timely petition for rehearing or rehearing en banc. See Fed. R. App. P. 41(b); D.C. Cir. R. 41.

FOR THE COURT:

Mark J. Langer, Clerk

BY: /s/

Daniel J. Reidy

Deputy Clerk