[Cite as Depinet v. Norville , 2020-Ohio-3843.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT WYANDOT COUNTY

MELISSA L. DEPINET, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 16-19-04 v. SHARON K. NORVILLE, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT, -and- O P I N I O N ROBERT L. NORVILLE, JR.,

DEFENDANT-APPELLEE.

Appeal from Wyandot County Common Pleas Court Juvenile Division Trial Court No. G2182029 Judgment Affirmed Date of Decision: July 27, 2020

APPEARANCES: 

### Gene P. Murray for Appellant



### Kelle M. Saull for Appellee, Melissa L. DepinetCase No. 16-19-04

-2- PRESTON, J. {¶1} Defendant-appellant, Sharon K. Norville (“Norville”), appeals t he August 22, 2019 judgment of the Wyandot County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division granting plaintiff-appellee, Melissa L. Depin et (“Depinet”), legal custody of Norville’s two minor daughters, B.N. (DOB: 2003) and S.N. (DOB: 2013). For the reasons that follow, we affirm. {¶2} B.N. and S.N. are the minor daughters of Norville and Robert L. Norville, Jr. (“Robert”). 1 On September 13, 2018, Depinet filed a complaint seeking legal custody of B.N. and S.N. (Doc. No. 1). That same day, D epinet filed a motion for an emergency ex parte order naming her the emergency tempor ary legal custodian of B.N. and S.N. (Doc. No. 2). ( See Doc. Nos. 3, 4). Later that day, the trial court granted Depinet’s motion for emergency temporary cu stody of B.N. and S.N. (Doc. No. 6). In its decision, the trial court granted N orville supervised visitation at Hannah’s House and instructed the parties to imme diately contact

1 Although Robert is a party to the complaint, at the time of th e final hearing he was incarcerated in a state penal institution with a sentence that was not set to expire fo r more than five years from the date of the final hearing. ( See Doc. Nos. 1, 4, 39, 49, 50); (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 6-7. 111). Robert failed to answer Depinet’s complaint for legal custody and did not appear at any of the tr ial court proceedings, send a representative on his behalf, or object to the trial court’s findings despite bei ng duly served. ( See Doc. Nos. 1, 4, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 39, 49, 50); (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 6-7). According ly, our analysis will focus exclusively on the trial court’s findings as they relate to Norville.Case No. 16-19-04

-3- Hannah’s House to initiate visitation. ( Id. ). On October 10, 2018, Norville filed her answer to Depinet’s complaint for legal custody. (Doc. No. 19). {¶3} A hearing on Depinet’s complaint for custody was held before a magistrate on February 28, 2019 and March 7, 2019. (Doc. Nos. 39, 49, 50). On April 5, 2019, the magistrate filed her decision recommending t hat Depinet be named the legal custodian of B.N. and S.N. (Doc. No. 39). On April 19, 2019, Norville filed objections to the magistrate’s decision, two of which are relevant to this appeal. (Doc. No. 40). First, Norville objected to the m agistrate’s finding that she is an “unsuitable parent.” ( Id. ). Specifically, Norville referenced Depinet’s return of Norville’s minor son, C.N., to Norville’s care and al leged that this action resulted in the “reversible and inescapable” conclusion that De pinet “only wanted [Norville’s] girls and not her boy” and violated her constituti onal rights of due process and equal protection. ( Id. ). Second, Norville incorporated by reference all objections raised on her behalf at the final hearing. ( Id. ). On July 5, 2019, Depinet filed her response to Norville’s objections to the magistrate’s decision. (Doc. No. 48). On August 8, 2019, the trial court overruled Norville’s o bjections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. (Doc. No. 49). On August 22, 2019, the trial court filed a judgment entry granting Depinet legal custody of B.N. and S.N . (Doc. No. 50). {¶4} On September 23, 2019, Norville filed her notice of appeal. (D oc. No. 53). She raises three assignments of error for our review. Fo r ease of discussion,Case No. 16-19-04

-4- we elect to address Norville’s assignments of error out of orde r. We will first address Norville’s second assignment of error. We will then d iscuss Norville’s first and third assignments of error together. Assignment of Error No. II The juvenile court of Wyandot County lacked jurisdiction, as there was no personal jurisdiction, nor subject matter jurisdic tion ever established, nor shown in Wyandot County in this case; and accordingly, the Wyandot County Juvenile Court cannot bestow jurisdiction upon itself, when it has none, as none was shown n or established, thereby resulting in plain error. {¶5} In her second assignment of error, Norville argues that the Wya ndot County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division lacked personal jurisdiction over her and subject-matter jurisdiction. We disagree. {¶6} First, we conclude that Norville has waived her right to challe nge personal jurisdiction. “[A]n objection to personal jurisdictio n is waived by a party’s failure to assert a challenge to such jurisdiction at its first appearance in the case.”

In re A.L.W. , 11th Dist. Portage Nos. 2011-P-0050, 2011-P-0051 and 2011-P-0 052, 2012-Ohio-1458, ¶ 37, citing McBride v. Coble Express, Inc. , 92 Ohio App.3d 505, 510 (3d Dist.1993). Here, the record is devoid of any evidence indicating that Norville previously asserted such a challenge. Accordingly, No rville has forfeited her right to challenge personal jurisdiction on appeal. See In re P.O. , 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2015-G-0028, 2015-Ohio-4774, ¶ 23 (appellant failed to challenge the juvenile court’s jurisdiction over her person in a custody proc eeding and thereforeCase No. 16-19-04

-5- “forfeited any such challenge on appeal”); In re G.D. , 9th Dist. Summit No. 27855, 2015-Ohio-4669, ¶ 19 (appellant waived any challenge to the tri al court’s personal jurisdiction in a permanent custody proceeding where the appell ant “did not object to service, appeared at the permanent custody hearing, and full y participated in the hearing”). {¶7} However, “[b]ecause subject-matter jurisdiction goes to the pow er of the court to adjudicate the merits of a case, it can never be w aived and may be challenged at any time.” Pratts v. Hurley , 102 Ohio St.3d 81, 2004-Ohio-1980, ¶ 11, citing United States v. Cotton , 535 U.S. 625, 630, 122 S.Ct. 1781 (2002) and

State ex rel. Tubbs Jones v. Suster , 84 Ohio St.3d 70, 75 (1998). “The juvenile court has jurisdiction to determine the custody of any child not a wa rd of another court, even though the court has not first found the child to be delin quent, neglected, or dependent.” In re Bonfield , 97 Ohio St.3d 387, 2002-Ohio-6660, ¶ 42, citing In re

Torok , 161 Ohio St. 585 (1954), paragraphs one and two of the syllab us. “This exclusive responsibility ‘to determine the custody of any child not a ward of another court of this state’ cannot be avoided merely because the petit ioner is not a ‘parent’

under R.C. 3109.04.” Id. , quoting R.C. 2151.23(A)(2). See also In re J.R.A. , 4th Dist. Washington No. 13CA18, 2014-Ohio-4463, ¶ 28 (“Nonparents can bring

custodial claims for children who are not wards of another cour t of this state under R.C. 2151.23(A)(2).”); Juv.R. 10(A) (stating that “[a]ny person may file a complaintCase No. 16-19-04

-6- to have determined the custody of a child not a ward of another court of this state”); R.C. 2151.27(D) (“Any person with standing under applicable law may file a complaint for the determination of any other matter over which the juvenile court is given jurisdiction by Section 2151.23 of the Revised Code.”). Thus, because B.N. and S.N. were not wards of the state, the Wyandot County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division had subject-matter jurisdiction over Depinet’ s complaint for custody. See Varney v. Allen , 4th Dist. Ross No. 16CA3543, 2017-Ohio-1409, ¶ 17. {¶8} Accordingly, Norville’s second assignment of error is overruled

. Assignment of Error No. I In an abuse of the trial court’s discretion, there were denials of the fundamental and substantial rights to due process of law an d of equal protection of the laws, as guaranteed by the respectiv e namesake clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and also there was a correla tive total negation of the magistrate’s and trial court’s decisive premise that appellant (Mother) Sharon Norville was an unsuitable (unfit) parent, for the magistrate and trial court allowed the return of the appellant’s minor child, a boy, to th e custody of the defendant-appellant mother, while granting the plaintiff-appellee’s motion to obtain custody of the appellant’ s other minor children, two girls, on the untenable grounds, both figuratively and literally, that the plaintiff-appellee could n ot handle the boy, and so the defendant-appellant mother could hav e him back, and the plaintiff-appellee could keep the girls. Assignment of Error No. III In an abuse of its discretion, the trial court reversibly erred in expressly ruling that “the court in review of the transcripts f inds there were a few objections that were not decided correctly, however, these errors would not change the ultimate ruling in t hisCase No. 16-19-04

-7- matter, given the weight of the admissible evidence in support of the magistrate’s decision.” (From page 6 in the August 8, 2019 judgment entry in the trial court) Wherefore, or wherefore art thou, objectionwise, it is respectfully submitted as an assignm ent of error that such a trial court ruling is prima facie inherent ly impossible to discern or glean appealable issues therefrom, and accordingly violates the defendant-appellant mother’s fundamental and substantial right to due process of law, as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and as also guaranteed by Article I, Section 16 of the Constitution of the State of Ohio. {¶9} In her first assignment of error, Norville makes two arguments. First, Norville argues that the trial court erred by determining that she is an unsuitable parent. Second, Norville argues that the trial court employed “gender bias” by granting Depinet legal custody of B.N. and S.N., but not C.N., Norville’s minor son and B.N. and S.N.’s brother. In her third assignment of error, Norville argues that the trial court erred by summarily overruling her objection to the magistrate’s decision in which she reasserted all of her objections raised a t the final hearing. {¶10} “An appellate court reviews the trial court’s decision to adopt , reject or modify the Magistrate’s decision under an abuse of discretio n standard.” Tewalt

v. Peacock , 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17-10-18, 2011-Ohio-1726, ¶ 31, citing Figel v. Figel , 3d Dist. Mercer No. 10-08-14, 2009-Ohio-1659, ¶ 9, citing Marchel v.

Marchel , 160 Ohio App.3d 240, 2005-Ohio-1499, ¶ 7 (8th Dist.). The tr ial court may adopt, reject, or modify the magistrate’s decision. Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(b). When ruling on objections to the magistrate’s decision, the trial co urt is “not required toCase No. 16-19-04

-8- follow or accept the findings or recommendations of its magistr ate.” (Citations omitted.) Stumpff v. Harris , 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 21407, 2006-Ohio-4796, ¶ 16. Instead, the trial court “shall undertake an independent r eview as to the objected matters to ascertain that the magistrate has properly determine d the factual issues and appropriately applied the law.” Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(d); Stumpff at ¶ 16. Accordingly, the trial court reviews the magistrate’s decision under a de novo

standard of review. Stumpff at ¶ 16. {¶11} “‘Decisions concerning child custody matters rest within the so und

discretion of the trial court.’” Krill v. Krill , 3d Dist. Defiance No. 4-13-15, 2014- Ohio-2577, ¶ 26, quoting Walker v. Walker , 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-12-15, 2013- Ohio-1496, ¶ 46, citing Wallace v. Willoughby , 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17-10-15, 2011- Ohio-3008, ¶ 22 and Miller v. Miller , 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74 (1988). “‘“Where an award of custody is supported by a substantial amount of credib le and competent evidence, such an award will not be reversed as being against t he weight of the evidence by a reviewing court.”’” Id. , quoting Walker at ¶ 46, quoting Barto v.

Barto , 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-08-14, 2008-Ohio-5538, ¶ 25 and citing Bechtol v.

Bechtol , 49 Ohio St.3d 21 (1990), syllabus. “‘Accordingly, an abuse o f discretion

must be found in order to reverse the trial court’s award of ch ild custody.’” Id. , quoting Walker at ¶ 46, citing Barto at ¶ 25 and Masters v. Masters , 69 Ohio St.3d 83, 85 (1994). “‘An abuse of discretion suggests the trial cou rt’s decision isCase No. 16-19-04

-9- unreasonable or unconscionable.’” Id. , quoting Brammer v. Meachem , 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-10-43, 2011-Ohio-519, ¶ 14, citing Blakemore v. Blakemore , 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). “If there is some competent, credible e vidence in the record to support the trial court’s decision, there is generally no ba sis for a reviewing court

to find an abuse of discretion.” In re Medure , 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 01 CO 3, 2002 WL 31114919, *2, citing Ross v. Ross , 64 Ohio St.2d 203, 205 (1980). {¶12} In this case, Norville disputes the trial court’s decision gran ting Depinet, a nonparent, legal custody of B.N. and S.N. “It is wi thout question that parents have a constitutionally protected due process right to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children, an d the parents’ right to custody of their children is paramount to any custodial interes t in the children asserted by nonparents.” Rowell v. Smith , 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-802, 2013- Ohio-2216, ¶ 27, citing In re Mullen , 129 Ohio St.3d 417, 2011-Ohio-3361, ¶ 11, citing Troxel v. Granville , 530 U.S. 57, 66, 120 S.Ct. 2054 (2000), and citing In re Murray , 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157 (1990) and Clark v. Bayer , 32 Ohio St. 299, 310 (1877). “Still, ‘the natural rights of a parent are not absolu te, but are always subject to the ultimate welfare of the child, which is the polestar or controlling principle to be observed.’” (Citation omitted.) In re B.N.R. , 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28662, 2020-Ohio-2852, ¶ 13, quoting In re Cunningham , 59 Ohio St.2d 100, 106 (1979).Case No. 16-19-04

-10- {¶13} In legal custody disputes between parents and nonparents under R.C. 2151.23(A)(2) “parents may be denied custody only if a preponde rance of the evidence indicates abandonment, contractual relinquishment of c ustody, total inability to provide care or support, or that the parent is oth erwise unsuitable that is, that an award of custody would be detrimental to the child.” In re Perales , 52 Ohio St.2d 89, 98 (1977), citing Clark at 310. See also In re Hockstok , 98 Ohio St.3d 238, 2002-Ohio-7208, ¶ 17. Because the trial court determined that abandonment, contractual relinquishment of custody, and total inability to p rovide care and support were not indicated under the facts in the record, our analysis will focus only on the issue of unsuitability. Before awarding legal custody to a non parent in a parentage action between a parent and a nonparent, a trial court must mak e a parentalunsuitability determination on the record. Hockstock at syllabus. “As long as the trial court’s determination of unsuitability is supported by a substantial amount of credible and competent evidence, an appellate court will not di sturb it.” Nicholas A. v. Joseph P. , 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2019 AP 03 0009, 2019-Ohio-4423, ¶ 1 9, citing Radka v. McFall , 9th Dist. Lorain No. 04CA008438, 2004-Ohio-5181, ¶ 7, citing In re Adams , 9th Dist. Wayne No. 01CA0026, 2001 WL 1338952 (Oct. 31, 2001). {¶14} “Furthermore, in proceedings involving the custody and welfare of children, the power of the trial court to exercise discretion i s peculiarly important.”Case No. 16-19-04

-11- Id. at ¶ 20, citing In re Fout , 5th Dist. Delaware No. 04 CA-F 05036, 2005-Ohio4344, ¶ 6, citing In re Rossantelli Children , 5th Dist. Delaware No. 01CAF12072, 2002-Ohio-2525 (additional citations omitted). “Because custod y issues are some of the most difficult and agonizing decisions a trial judge mus t make, he or she must have wide latitude in considering all the evidence.” Id. , citing Davis v. Flickinger , 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418 (1997). “In analyzing the difficult dec isions that must be made by trial courts in these situations, we remain mindful tha t unlike in a permanent custody proceeding where a juvenile court’s standard of review is by clear and convincing evidence, the standard of review in legal custody proceedings is a preponderance of the evidence.” Id. , citing In re A.C. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2006-12-105, 2007-Ohio-3350, ¶ 14. The nonparent seeking cus tody bears the burden of demonstrating that the parent is unsuitable. Scavio v. Ordway , 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17-09-07, 2010-Ohio-984, ¶ 22, citing In re Porter , 113 Ohio App.3d 580 (3d Dist.1996). {¶15} Norville argues that the trial court erred by determining that she was an unsuitable parent to B.N. and S.N. and that an award of cust ody to Norville would be detrimental to the girls. {¶16} In the magistrate’s decision, the magistrate found by a prepond erance of the evidence that Norville is unsuitable “under the standard that removing the children from the only stable environment that they have had fo r two years wouldCase No. 16-19-04

-12- be detrimental and not in their best interest.” (Doc. No. 39). The magistrate recommended that Depinet be granted legal custody of B.N. and S .N. ( Id. ). {¶17} After conducting an independent review, the trial court overrul ed Norville’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. ( Doc. No. 49). The trial court noted that Norville has “provided [her] children wi th a childhood full of trauma.” ( Id. ). The trial court referenced Jennifer L. Depinet’s (“Jennifer ”) testimony that Norville’s home was overcrowded and that “the ho me itself was a poor environment in which to raise young children.” ( Id. ). The trial court found that photographs entered into evidence supported Jennifer’s tes timony regarding the poor condition of the home. ( Id. ). In particular, the trial court noted that the home was a particular health hazard to S.N. because she was too youn g to appreciate the “obvious hazards.” ( Id. ). {¶18} In its judgment entry, the trial court noted that Norville “see ms to have a history of leaving these girls behind.” ( Id. ). The trial court referenced the fact that although Norville enjoyed “sporadic” visitation with B.N. and S.N. when she believed the girls were in Jennifer’s care, Norville did not en gage in any visitation

with B.N. or S.N. after the trial court g ranted he r supervised visitation at Hannah’s House in the September 13, 2018 judgment entry. ( Id. ). The trial court found that “[Norville’s] excuse for not seeing her two girls from Septembe r 13, 2018 to the date of the hearings appears to be her ego.” ( Id. ). In support of this contention, theCase No. 16-19-04

-13- trial court referenced Norville’s testimony that the reason she did not engage in supervised visitation with her daughters for a period of eight months was that she never had supervised visits with any of her other children and did not plan on starting supervised visitations now. ( Id. ). The trial court stated, “[o]ne would think a competent, caring parent would ‘start now’ because she loved her children, would want to see them, and check on their welfare.” ( Id. ). The trial court noted that the fact that Norville was willing to forfeit visitations with B.N. and S.N. for an extended period of time, “and for no good reason,” is evidence of Norville’s lack of parental bond with B.N. and S.N. ( Id. ). {¶19} The trial court made the following findings with respect to Nor ville’s

care of B.N. and S.N.: When Mother had the children in her care, there is evidence tha t she neglected their care and well being aside from the deplorable l iving conditions she provided. S.N. did not have her necessary shots and was also suffering with 8 cavities in her teeth. Additionally, Mother had no problem leaving S.N. in the care of a man that S.N. did not

even know . Finally, a socia l worker , the CASA a ssigned to this case and S.N.’s adult sister all noted that S.N. had problems focusi ng and was always “bouncing off the walls,” but [Depinet] had her seen by a medical professional who prescribed medication for S.N.’s condi tion.Case No. 16-19-04

-14- S.N., with medication is, “a different kid” she is no longer “b ouncing off the walls, unable to focus and shouting out.” With medicat ion S.N. can now focus and carry on a conversation. S.N. is no lon ger getting “bad notes” and she is “so much better in school.” How ever, Mother found Plaintiff’s intervention in helping S.N. objection able and she was against S.N. being placed on medication, despite th e improvements in S.N.’s behavior. Mother noted S.N. did not nee d

medication while in her care but there was no evidence Mother e ven had S.N. medically evaluated. Since Mother did not address S.N .’s vaccinations in a timely fashion [and] failed to recognize S.N. ’s need for dental attention, it is likely Mother also ignored S.N.’s d isturbing behaviors, which if left unaddressed could negatively impact S. N.’s education and social development. (Internal citations omitted.) (Doc. No. 49). {¶20} The trial court also found that in the approximately one and on e-half years that B.N. and S.N. have lived with Depinet, Norville has not supported them financially. ( Id. ). The trial court found, “Mother was content to have the chil dren live with someone else, and allowed someone else to meet the ch ildren’s needs. Mother failed to act responsibly toward these children only fit ting them into her life when it was convenient for her to do so.” ( Id. ). The trial court then juxtaposedCase No. 16-19-04

-15- Norville’s attitude toward the children with Depinet’s willingn ess to sacrifice for them. ( Id. ). The trial court found that Depinet “has provided a clean ho me, medical care, counseling, and stability for these children.” ( Id. ). The trial court also referenced the guardian ad litem’s (“GAL”) testimony that B.N. and S.N. wished to remain with Depinet. ( Id. ). The trial court concluded that after an independent review, there is “ample evidence” to support the magistrate’s d ecision. ( Id. ). The trial court then overruled Norville’s objections and adopted th e magistrate’s April 5, 2019 decision. ( Id. ). ( See Doc. No. 50). {¶21} We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion b y granting Depinet legal custody of B.N. and S.N. because a substantial am ount of competent, credible evidence supports the trial court’s finding that Norvi lle is an unsuitable parent to B.N. and S.N. and that awarding custody to Norville w ould be detrimental

to them. {¶22} Several witnesses testified during the two-day hearing on Depin et’s motion for legal custody of B.N. and S.N. Justin Johnson (“Joh nson”), the principal for grades 5 through 12 at B.N.’s school, testified that he has known B.N., who at the time of the hearing was a freshman in high school, since he r eighth-grade year and sees her every school day. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 13-15). Johnson testified that it was his understanding that B.N. had lived with Norville duri ng the 2017-2018 academic year and was living with Depinet during the 2018-2019 academic year.Case No. 16-19-04

-16- ( Id. at 14). Johnson testified that he noticed an improvement in B .N.’s grades, effort, and participation in her courses from the 2017-2018 academic ye ar to the 2018-2019 academic year. ( Id. at 15-17). ( See Plaintiff’s Ex. 1). J ohnson further te stified that B.N. missed 12 days of school during the 2017-2018 academic yea r, but only missed 3 days during the 2018-2019 academic year. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 15, 22-23). ( See Plaintiff’s Ex. 1). Johnson further testified that Depinet was involved with B.N.’s education during the 2018-2019 academic year and that Depinet, not Norville, enrolled B.N. in school for the 2018-2019 academic year and att ended her parentteacher conferences. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 18-20). Jennifer, Norville’s adult daughter and B.N. and S.N.’s sister , also testified at the final hearing. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 30). Jennifer is the oldest of Norville’s six children. ( Id. at 38-39). Jennifer testified that she is in a relationship w ith Depinet’s son, Blayne Depinet (“Blayne”), and has been living i n Depinet’s house since May 2017. ( Id. at 32). Jennifer testified that B.N. and S.N. began living in Depinet’s house with her in September 2017. ( Id. ). Immediately prior to living with Depinet, B.N. and S.N. lived with their siblings, Norville , and Robert in a home in New Riegel, Ohio. ( Id. at 32, 35). Jennifer described the home in New Riegel as dirty, cluttered with soiled clothes and garbage, and infested with rodents. ( Id. at 32-34). Additionally, Jennifer testified that the home had ina dequate space for the number of residents and animals living there. ( Id. at 32-33). Jennifer testified thatCase No. 16-19-04

-17- B.N. slept on the couch, which was infested with rodents, becau se her bedroom was cluttered and dirty, and S.N. slept in Norville’s room. ( Id. at 33-35). Plaintiff’s Exhibit 10, a composite of photos of Norville’s New Riegel hous e, depicted a house full of garbage, clutter, and animal feces. ( Id. at 34-49). ( See Plaintiff’s Ex. 10). One of the photographs depicted a device for smoking marijuana sitting on a counter in the home. (Plaintiff’s Ex. 10); (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 39-40 ). Another photograph depicted B.N.’s room, which had clutter and trash throughout an d dog feces on the carpeted floor. (Plaintiff’s Ex. 10); (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 46 ). Jennifer, who had lived in the house, testified that the New Riegel house was not a nice place to live and opined that it was not a suitable home for two girls to res ide. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 49). {¶23} Jennifer testified that during the summer of 2017, B.N. and S.N . were living in a camper with their parents and siblings because ther e was a warrant out for Robert’s arrest and the family was “hiding out” to avoid Ro bert’s arrest. ( Id. at 36-37). Eventually, the camper was raided by law enforcement w hile B.N. and S.N. were present, and Robert was arrested. ( Id. at 37-38). {¶24} Additionally, Jennifer stated that she observed Norville under the influence of drugs while B.N. and S.N. were in her care. ( Id. at 55-56). Jennifer recalled occasions of seeing white powder on the side of Norvil le’s nose, which Jennifer believed was residue from drug use. ( Id. at 55). Jennifer described aCase No. 16-19-04

-18- September 2017 event which precipitated B.N. and S.N. moving in to Depinet’s home on a full-time basis. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 50, 59). Jen nifer testified that she received a telephone call from B.N. telling her that Norville w as “really sick.” ( Id. at 50). Jennifer took Norville to the hospital and while there , Jennifer overheard Norville tell a doctor that she had used carfentanil. ( Id. at 51). While Norville was in the hospital, Depinet picked up the girls and took them to h er home, where Jennifer had already been living for several months, to stay wh ile Norville recovered. ( Id. at 51, 59). Shortly thereafter, B.N. and S.N. began living wi th Depinet on a full-time basis. ( Id. at 59-60). Soon thereafter, Robert and Norville ended their relationship, and Norville moved in with her sister and “kind of left everybody behind,” including her children, who were living in t he New Riegel home. ( Id. at 59). Norville eventually began dating James Miller (“Mille r”) and moved into his home a short time later. ( Id. at 68-70). {¶25} Jennifer testified that the lifestyle she described, including running from law enforcement officers, police raids on their property, drug use in the home, and the house being unkept, was how she, B.N. and S.N. lived fo r several years in Norville’s care. ( Id. at 38). In contrast, Jennifer described Depinet’s home, where the girls had been living for approximately a year and a half a t the time of the final hearing, as being clean and appropriate with adequate space for its residents. ( Id. at 31). At Depinet’s house, B.N. and S.N. share a clean and organ ized bedroom, andCase No. 16-19-04

-19- the girls have beds to sleep in. ( Id. at 43). Moreover, Jennifer testified that there is not drug use in Depinet’s house. ( Id. at 58-59, 105). Jennifer testified that the girls regularly complete their schoolwork at Depinet’s house. ( Id. at 91). In contrast, while living with Norville, B.N.’s grades were “going downhill, ” and B.N. had to complete her homework at school because Norville’s house was to o chaotic. ( Id. at 91-92). Jennifer also testified that when B.N. lived with Norv ille, there was a time when B.N. did not attend school regularly and would occasionall y miss school to provide childcare for S.N. ( Id. at 58). H owever, since living w ith Depinet, B.N. is attending school regularly and is involved in sports. ( Id. at 57-58). S.N. is now enrolled in preschool and interacts with other children her age . ( Id. at 99). {¶26} Additionally, Jennifer testified that Depinet provides for B.N. and S.N.’s medical, dental, and vision needs. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. a t 93-95, 102-104). Jennifer testified that when B.N. and S.N. lived with Norville, they did not regularly visit the pediatrician. ( Id. at 93-94, 131-132). Consequently, S.N. was initially not able to enroll in preschool because she was not up-to-date on h er vaccines. ( Id. at 87-88). Jennifer testified that she and Depinet facilitated S. N.’s medical care, including getting her up-to-date on vaccines. ( Id. at 94). Depinet also facilitated routine eye care for B.N. and S.N. ( Id. at 99-100). Additionally, Jennifer testified that B.N. and S.N. have received appropriate dental care since living in Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 102-104). In fact, when S.N. visited the dentist for the f irst time sinceCase No. 16-19-04

-20- she moved into Depinet’s home, S.N. had multiple cavities, whic h Depinet facilitated getting filled. ( Id. at 103-104). S.N. also attends counseling that Depinet pays for, which Jennifer testified has been beneficial to S.N. ( Id. at 106). {¶27} Moreover, Jennifer testified that S.N.’s behavior has improved dramatically since she moved into Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 57-58). Since moving in with Depinet, S.N. has been diagnosed with ADHD and is in oc cupational therapy to improve her ability to focus. ( Id. at 99-102). S.N. also takes prescribed medication to help her focus. ( Id. at 99-101, 119-120). Jennifer stated that she has noticed a substantial improvement in S.N.’s behavior since she began therapy and medication and described S.N. as a “completely different kid” w ho is now able to focus and carry on a proper conversation. ( Id. at 128-129). Jennifer testified that S.N. also displayed hyperactive behaviors when she was living w ith Norville. ( Id. at 128). However, Norville never sought a diagnosis, treatment , or medication for S.N. ( Id. at 101). {¶28} Additionally, Jennifer stated that Depinet supports B.N. and S. N. financially. ( Id. at 57). In fact, in the many months that B.N. and S.N. have l ived with Depinet, Norville provided almost no financial support for the girls. ( Id. at 90- 91). Rather, Depinet pays for B.N. and S.N.’s living expenses, including medical and dental care, therapy, counseling, school enrollment and tui tion, and athletics. ( Id. at 57, 107-108).Case No. 16-19-04

-21- {¶29} Jennifer testified that since B.N. and S.N. began living with D epinet in the fall of 2017, Norville saw the girls sporadically, inclu ding on a handful of weekend or overnight visits. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 61-64, 132- 135). During these visits, B.N. and S.N. met Miller several times. ( Id. at 70-72). Following a weekend visit during Labor Day weekend in 2018, B.N. was very upset and told Jennifer that Miller made comments about B.N.’s physical appearance—specifica lly that B.N. looked like Norville, walked like Norville, and wears similar u nderwear to Norville. ( Id. at 72-77). Jennifer testified that B.N. was very upset by Mil ler’s comments. ( Id. at 76-77). Shortly thereafter, Norville came to Depinet’s hou se with law enforcement officers and removed B.N. and S.N. from Depinet’s h ome against the girls’ wishes. ( Id. at 86-89). After Norville removed B.N. and S.N. from Depinet’ s home, Depinet immediately petitioned the trial court for emerge ncy custody of the girls. ( Id. at 86). The trial court granted Depinet’s petition for emerge ncy custody, and the girls were returned to Depinet’s home the following wee k, where they have remained ever since. ( Id. at 86-88). Jennifer testified that Norville has not exercised

court-ordered visitation with B.N. and S.N. since the trial cou rt granted Depinet emergency custody of the girls, and Norville has only seen the girls at a basketball game. ( Id. at 104). Moreover, although S.N. initiates telephone conversa tions with her mother, Norville has only initiated telephone contact with S.N. approximately five times in the time that S.N. has been living with Depinet. ( Id. at 104-105).Case No. 16-19-04

-22- {¶30} Jennifer testified that her younger brother, C.N., lived with D epinet throughout the summer of 2018, upon his release from a juvenile detention center. ( Id. at 64). However, C.N. became violent with the girls. ( Id. at 66, 68). Jennifer testified specifically about an incident when C.N. “got physica l” during a visit to the doctor’s office, shoved her, and then pulled B.N. off of th e examination table. ( Id. at 66). Following that incident, C.N. returned to Norville’s care, where he remained at the date of the hearing. ( Id. ). {¶31} Jennifer opined that it is in B.N. and S.N.’s best interest for the trial court to grant Depinet legal custody of the girls. ( Id. at 40, 106). Jennifer testified that she would be “extremely concerned” for B.N. and S.N. if th ey were returned to Norville’s care, citing Norville’s lifestyle, drug use, and the inadequate amount of space for the girls in Norville’s current home. ( Id. at 40, 54). {¶32} Ryan Hampshire (“Hampshire”), a caseworker with the Seneca County Department of Job and Family Services (“JFS”), testified that on August 27, 2018, his office received a complaint regarding possible sexual abuse and neglect of B.N. and S.N. by Miller and Norville. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 146-148). After speaking to the relevant parties, Hampshire concluded that the specific allegations of sexual abuse and neglect were unsubstantiated. ( Id. at 150). However, Hampshire testified that, through his investigation, he conclud ed that some “very inappropriate” interactions had occurred between Miller and B.N . ( Id. at 154).Case No. 16-19-04

-23- Nevertheless, because Depinet had received temporary custody of B.N. and S.N. and Miller, the alleged perpetrator, no longer had access to th e girls, Hampshire determined that no further services from his agency were indica ted. ( Id. at 150, 152). Hampshire testified that if B.N. and S.N. were living wi th Norville and Miller, he would have taken additional steps in his investigation. ( Id. at 152-154). {¶33} Depinet testified at the final hearing in support of her compla int for legal custody of B.N. and S.N. ( Id. at 159). Depinet stated that her first connection to the Norville family was when her son, Blayne, began dating J ennifer. ( Id. at 161- 162). In the summer of 2017, Jennifer began living with Blayne at Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 162). At that time, B.N. and S.N. began visiting Jennifer at Depinet’s home and would occasionally spend the night. ( Id. at 162-163). Depinet testified that in August of 2017, she became concerned about the girls’ well-bein g when she learned that they were living in a camper in a local campground and tha t there was a warrant issued for Robert’s arrest. ( Id. at 163-164). Following the raid of the camper and Norville’s hospitalization, B.N. and S.N. began to live with De pinet full-time. ( Id. at 164-166). Depinet testified that, initially, she believed t hat once Norville was feeling better, she would take an interest in B.N. and S.N. and want them back. ( Id. at 165-166, 217). However, Norville did not take an interest i n the girls after she recovered. ( Id. at 166, 217). Depinet testified that once B.N. and S.N. began living in her home full-time in September 2017, they have lived with h er continuously everCase No. 16-19-04

-24- since, with the exception of the week they were returned to Nor ville in September 2018 before the trial court granted Depinet’s petition for temp orary emergency custody of the girls. ( Id. at 167-168). {¶34} Depinet testified to B.N. and S.N.’s physical condition when th ey first came into her care. ( Id. at 168). According to Depinet, B.N. had a burn on her chest and S.N. was suffering from a severe diaper rash. ( Id. ). Depinet treated both of the girls’ conditions. ( Id. ). Depinet testified that when the girls entered her care, the y were also behind on their medical care. ( Id. at 170). When Depinet registered S.N. for preschool, she learned that she was behind on her vaccines, and Depinet subsequently took her to a doctor’s appointment to get her up-t o-date. ( Id. ). Additionally, the girls needed dental care. ( Id. ). At S.N.’s first dental appointment since entering Depinet’s care, the dentist found eight cavities in the four-year-old’s mouth. ( Id. ). Depinet facilitated getting S.N.’s cavities filled and paid the bills. ( Id. at 170-171). Additionally, both girls required glasses. ( Id. at 171-173). {¶35} Depinet testified to a number of behavioral issues that S.N. ex hibited when she first came into Depinet’s care. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 172-174, 177). Through a series of interactions with professionals, S.N. was d iagnosed with ADHD and sensory issues. ( Id. at 173-175). As a result of her diagnosis, S.N. takes medication and is enrolled in occupational therapy. ( Id. at 175). Depinet testified that she has noticed an improvement in S.N.’s behavior since sh e began treatment.Case No. 16-19-04

-25- ( Id. at 175-176). Depinet further testified that when she entered her care, S.N. commonly used profanity. ( Id. at 177). Depinet testified that S.N. now understands that she cannot use profanity in her home. ( Id. ). S.N. is currently enrolled in preschool and is doing well. ( Id. at 179-180). When she began preschool, her behavior was a concern, but Depinet testified that S.N.’s behav ior in preschool has greatly improved and she no longer received “bad notes” from sc hool. ( Id. at 179). {¶36} Depinet testified that C.N., who was twelve years old at the ti me, lived with her during the summer of 2018. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 184) . However, at the end of the summer, C.N. was violent with the girls in a doctor’ s office. ( Id. at 186); (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 337). Depinet also described an incident where C.N. pointed a BB gun at B.N. and S.N.’s heads and threatened to kill them. ( Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 186-187); (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 337). He later broke the gun in half with a baseball bat. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 186-187). Depinet testified that f ollowing the violent incidents, C.N. returned to Norville’s home where he remained a t the time of the final hearing. ( Id. at 187); (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 337-338). Depinet testified tha t until the incidents, C.N. did well in Depinet’s care. (Mar. 7, 2019 T r. at 338). Depinet further testified that she would be open to having C.N. live in her home if she was empowered to provide him with the counseling that he needs. ( Id. at 338-339). {¶37} Depinet confirmed Jennifer’s testimony that after B.N. and S.N. moved in with Depinet in September 2017, they had sporadic and inconsistentCase No. 16-19-04

-26- visitation with Norville until September 2018. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 180-189). Depinet testified that from September 2017 through the date of final hearing, B.N. had four overnight visitations with Norville and S.N. had five overnight visitations with Norville. ( Id. at 189). Depinet testified that she was aware of the concerns that B.N. expressed to Jennifer regarding statements Miller mad e to B.N. ( Id. at 189-190). After consulting legal counsel, Depinet contacted JF S to report the incident. ( Id. ). Shortly thereafter, on September 5, 2018, Norville arrived at Depinet’s home with law enforcement officers to remove B.N. and S.N. from the residence. ( Id. at 191-192). Thereafter, Depinet sought and obtained emergenc y custody of B.N. and S.N. ( Id. at 192). {¶38} Depinet testified that immediately after she obtained emergency custody of B.N. and S.N., she contacted Hannah’s House and comp leted her initial intake so that the girls could have supervised visitation with Norville in accordance with the emergency order. ( Id. at 195). However, Norville did not make contact with Hannah’s House. ( Id. at 196). Accor dingly, Nor ville did not exercise visitation with B.N. and S.N. at Hannah’s House. ( Id. ). According to Depinet, B.N. and S.N. have not expressed a desire to live with Norville. ( Id. at 206). In fact, B.N. wants very limited contact with Norville. ( Id. ). {¶39} Depinet attested that she provides a clean, safe home for B.N. and S.N. ( Id. at 194). According to Depinet, B.N. and S.N. are comfortable at her home andCase No. 16-19-04

-27- have adjusted well to living there. ( Id. at 206-207). Depinet testified that she loves B.N. and S.N. and she desires to give the girls “the best oppor tunity at life.” ( Id. at 193-194). Depinet has also provided financially for B.N. and S .N. since September 2017, including medical and dental care, school tuition, and oc cupational therapy. ( Id. at 200-205, 209-210). ( See Plaintiff’s Exs. 2, 5, 6, 8). {¶40} Miller testified at the hearing that he has been in a relations hip with Norville for approximately one year and that Norville has livedwith him in his twobedroom trailer since July 2018. (Feb. 28, 2019 Tr. at 256-257 , 259). Miller admitted that B.N. and S.N. do not currently have bedrooms at h is residence because he and Norville occupy one of the bedrooms and C.N. occupies th e other bedroom. ( Id. at 265-266). Miller admitted that he once took a photo of B.N . while she was sleeping, but denied that he knew that it made her unco mfortable. ( Id. at 263-264, 269). Miller further acknowledged that he told B.N. o n multiple occasions

that she resembles her mother and conceded that he could unders tand how those comments could have made B.N. uncomfortable. ( Id. at 264-265). {¶41} Norville testified on her own behalf at the final hearing. (Ma r. 7, 2019 Tr. at 283). Norville attested that it was her understanding t hat she was sending B.N. and S.N. to live with their sister, Jennifer, while she le ft Robert. ( Id . at 313). Norville testified that she believed that Jennifer was planning on moving out of Depinet’s home and into a residence of her own, although she kn ew that JenniferCase No. 16-19-04

-28- was living with Depinet at the time that she placed the girls i n Jennifer’s care. ( Id. at 313-314). {¶42} Norville denied ever being addicted to any drug and specificall y denied that she was hospitalized for an addiction to carfentani l or fentanyl. ( Id. at 283-284, 308, 313). Norville denied that the New Riegel home t hat she was living in with the children was in disrepair while she lived there. ( Id. at 307-308, 325). Rather, she stated that the home fell into disrepair after she moved out and was therefore “out of [her] control.” ( Id. at 307-308). Norville also denied that her family was hiding from the police when they were staying in the camper. ( Id. at 319-320). {¶43} Norville admitted that she lived in a two-bedroom residence wit h Miller and C.N. and that the girls do not currently have bedroo ms at her home. ( Id. at 300). However, she testified that she has “checked into buy ing a few different places” and would be willing to move into a house with three be drooms so that the girls would have a bedroom to share. ( Id. at 300-301). Norville admitted that she moved into Miller’s residence after knowing him for only a few months, and she stated that if B.N. and S.N. had been living with her at the ti me, they would have moved into Miller’s residence as well. ( Id. at 320). According to Norville, B.N. and S.N. are not afraid of Miller. ( Id. at 284-285). Norville admitted that C.N. has struggled with anger and legal problems, but denied that B.N. a nd S.N. feelCase No. 16-19-04

-29- uncomfortable around him. ( Id. at 317-318). With respect to Jennifer and Depinet’s allegation that C.N. was mean to the girls, Norville testified, “They’re siblings, they’re [going to] bicker, they’re [going to] fight, they’re [g oing to] not get along.” ( Id. at 330). {¶44} Norville expressed concern that S.N. was on medication for hyperactivity and stated, “I don’t want my children on any type of medication * * * at all. It’s not good.” (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 303). Norville testified that although she understands that a doctor prescribed the medication to S.N., sh e does not believe that her children should be on medication. ( Id. at 304-306). However, Norville admitted that she has not seen S.N. since she began taking the medication. ( Id. at 303). Norville also denied that B.N. and S.N. were not up-to-d ate on their shots, had cavities in their teeth, and had not received appropriate m edical treatment when they began living in Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 309-310). {¶45} Norville testified that she tried to remove her children from D epinet’s home “multiple times.” ( Id. at 316). However, she testified that Jennifer convinced her to keep the girls in Depinet’s home so that the three siste rs could remain together. ( Id. at 351-353). Norville testified that she was under the impres sion that

when she settled into a different work schedule and took care o f her son’s legal situation, B.N. and S.N. would return to her care once again. ( Id. at 351-355).Case No. 16-19-04

-30- {¶46} Norville admitted that she did not exercise supervised visitati on with B.N. and S.N. after the trial court granted Depinet emergency c ustody of the girls. ( Id. at 311). In support of her decision not to exercise her court -ordered visitation, Norville stated, “I have never had to [have] supervised visits with any of my six kids, why should I start now?” ( Id. ). However, Norville testified that she did see the girls at a basketball game after the temporary custody orde r went into effect. ( Id. ). {¶47} Kara Schoen (“Schoen”), the GAL assigned to the case, was the f inal

witness. Schoen testified that she met B.N. and S.N. on severa l occasions during the course of her investigation. (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 368). H owever, she never observed B.N. and S.N. interact with Norville because they were not living with Norville and Norville was not exercising supervised visitations . ( Id. ). Schoen

testified that Norville indicated that she was not welcome in h er home, and as a result, Schoen was unable to view Norville’s home. ( Id. at 369, 392). Schoen testified that Norville told her multiple times that she was no t willing to see her children in a supervised setting. ( Id. at 370). Schoen stated that Norville’s unwillingness to visit the children in a supervised setting was concerning. ( Id. ). {¶48} In contrast, Depinet was cooperative with Schoen, and Schoen ha d the opportunity to observe the children inside Depinet’s home on mu ltiple occasions and spoke with everyone that lived in the home. ( Id. at 370-372). Schoen testifiedCase No. 16-19-04

-31- that the girls appeared to be flourishing in Depinet’s care. ( Id. at 375). Schoen stated that she does not have any concerns with B.N. and S.N. r emaining with Depinet. ( Id. at 379). The girls both appear to be doing well educationally , and Schoen believes that their medical needs are being met in Depin et’s care. ( Id. at 382). Schoen observed S.N. both before and after she began tak ing medication for her hyperactive behavior, and she testified that she noticed a positive change in S.N.’s behavior. ( Id. at 372-373). In fact, Schoen described S.N. as “a different kid” who was calmer and more focused. ( Id. at 373). Schoen also described the academic progress S.N. made while livin g with D epine t. ( Id. at 374-375). Schoen further testified that she did not believe that there was any m ental illness, drug use, or excessive alcohol use in Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 384). {¶49} In contrast, Schoen testified that she had concerns about the c ondition of Norville’s home. (Mar. 7, 2019 Tr. at 376-377). Additional ly, Schoen did not believe that the girls’ medical needs were being met in Norvill e’s care. ( Id. at 382). Moreover, Schoen expressed concerns with B.N. and S.N. being ar ound Miller. ( Id. at 389-390, 393-394). Schoen testified that she discussed conc erns regarding Miller with Norville and that Norville appeared to “brush off” the con cerns as not credible. ( Id. at 389-390). Schoen testified that she found Norville’s respo nse to the girls’ concerns regarding M iller to be t roubling . ( Id. at 390). Schoen stated that she hadCase No. 16-19-04

-32- concerns regarding mental illness, alcohol, and drug use in Nor ville’s home. ( Id. at 384-385). {¶50} Schoen testified that both girls expressed that they wanted to continue to live in Depinet’s home. ( Id. at 379). According to Schoen, S.N. stated that she wanted to have visitations with her mom, but that she wanted to continue living with Depinet. ( Id. ). However, she stated that B.N. does not have an interest in seeing Norville or speaking to her on the phone. ( Id. at 379-380). {¶51} Schoen recommended that B.N. and S.N. continue to live with Depine t. ( Id. at 396). Schoen stat ed that Depine t’s home is th e only place that the girls have known as “home” for the last two years and that the girls have never lived in the home where Norville is currently residing. ( Id. ). {¶52} A review of the evidence deduced at the final hearing demonstra tes

that the trial court’s determination that Norville was an unsui table parent to B.N. and S.N. was supported by competent, credible evidence. Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by granting Depinet’s complaint for le gal custody of B.N.

and S.N. See Liles v. Doyle , 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-13-48, 2014-Ohio-1681, ¶ 47-53 (finding that the biological father was an unsuitable parent wh ere he did not create a bond with the child, lacked consistent visitation with the ch ild, routinely allowed other individuals to care for the child, and “failed to demonst rate that he could offer K.J.D. a stable environment * * *.”); Evans v. Evans , 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2012Case No. 16-19-04

-33- CA 41, 2013-Ohio-4238, ¶ 35 (upholding the trial court’s unsuit ability finding and conclusion that “it would be physically, mentally, and emotiona lly detrimental” for the child to be in the parent’s custody where the parent failed to exercise parenting time, the house was unclean, meals were not regularly provided, and there were allegations of physical and emotional abuse); In re A.S. , 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 11 JE 29, 2012-Ohio-5468, ¶ 11-12 (concluding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by upholding the magistrate’s finding that the paren t was unsuitable where the parent was “unwilling or unable to care for the child for long periods of time, creating instability in the child’s life as the child’s c are was routinely handed over to others,” was in unstable romantic relationships, and wa s living in “filth”). {¶53} Having concluded that the trial court did not err by determinin g that Norville was an unsuitable parent to B.N. and S.N. and that an award of custody to Norville would be detrimental to the girls, we next address Nor ville’s argument that the trial court engaged in “gender bias.” Norville argues that the trial court engaged in unconstitutional “gender bias” by “bending * * * over backwa rd[ ]” “to unconstitutionally find that [Norville] is unsuitable to raise her minor girls, but suitable to raise her minor boy.” (Appellant’s Brief at 8). {¶54} With respect to C.N., the trial court found as follows: Mother claims [Depinet] is disingenuous as the girls’ sibling, [C.N.], returned to live with his mother “thereby totally negating theCase No. 16-19-04

-34- Magistrate’s decisive premise that Mother * * * was an unsuitab le parent.” However the testimony on this topic showed that [C.N. ] did not act appropriately with his sisters and was violent toward t hem and so he returned to his Mother. Unfortunately, [C.N.] has been i n trouble since returning to Mother and his leaving [Depinet’s ho me]

has been for the best. His continued misbehavior reflects more negatively on Mother, the person who raised him, than on [Depin et] for insisting he behave and allowing him to leave when he did n ot. (Internal citations omitted.) (Doc. No. 49). {¶55} However, here, the trial court did not make any finding with re gard to Norville’s suitability or unsuitability to raise C.N. because D epinet only filed for legal custody of B.N. and S.N. Therefore, because the suitabi lity of Norville as a parent to C.N. was not an issue before the trial court, the tri al court did not make specific findings regarding Norville’s suitability to parent C. N. Thus, Norville’s argument that the trial court employed “two standards” for find ing unsuitability, based on the gender of the minor children, is erroneous based o n the procedural posture of the case. {¶56} To the extent that Norville is attempting to argue that the tri al court’s finding that Norville is an unsuitable parent is disingenuous b ecause C.N. returned to live with his mother, this argument also fails. The evidenc e presented at the finalCase No. 16-19-04

-35- hearing demonstrates that C.N. did not behave appropriately wit h his sisters and was violent toward them. Jennifer and Depinet testified to an inci dent at a doctor’s office where C.N. pushed B.N. off the exam table. Additionally, Depin et testified to a related incident where C.N. pointed a BB gun at B.N. and S.N.’s heads and threatened to kill them. Following these violent incidents, De pinet allowed C.N. to move back with his mother, seemingly in an effort to protect B. N. and S.N. from C.N.’s aggressive and unpredictable behavior. Norville’s own t estimony regarding C.N.’s behavior, anger, and legal issues supports Depinet’s con cerns regarding C.N.’s presence around the girls. Furthermore, at no time did Depinet testify that she was seeking custody of B.N. and S.N. because they are femal e or that she was not seeking custody of C.N. because he is male. Rather, Depine t testified that she had enjoyed having C.N. live in her home until the time that he became violent and inappropriate with his sisters and that she would be open to al lowing him to live with her in the future if she was able to enroll him in appropr iate counseling. Accordingly, the record does not support Norville’s argument th at Depinet’s motive in seeking legal custody of B.N. and S.N. was based on their ge nder or that the trial court’s finding that Norville was an unsuitable parent to B.N. and S.N. was based on gender. {¶57} Accordingly, Norville’s first assignment of error is overruled.Case No. 16-19-04

-36- {¶58} In her third assignment of error, Norville argues that the tria l court erred by summarily overruling her objection to the magistrate’s decision in which reasserted all of her objections raised at the final hearing. For the reasons that follow, we disagree. {¶59} In her objections to the magistrate’s decision, Norville submit ted a general objection incorporating by reference all objections mad e on her behalf during the final hearing. (Doc. No. 40). The trial court over ruled Norville’s objection and noted that in this “catchall” objection, Norville did not direct the court to specific objections or rulings made. (Doc. No. 49). Nevert heless, the trial court stated that it reviewed the transcript and that although it fou nd that “there were a few objections that were not decided correctly,” the errors “wo uld not change the ultimate ruling in [the] matter given the weight of the admissi ble evidence in support of the Magistrate’s Decision.” ( Id. ). Norville contends that the trial court erred by “ambiguously” finding that several objections were decided inco rrectly but failing to identify which objections were incorrectly decided. (Appell ant’s Brief at 13-14). {¶60} Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b) provides that objections to a magistrate’s d ecision “shall be specific and state with particularity all grounds for objection.” “When an objecting party fails to state an objection with particularity as required under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(ii), the trial court may affirm the magistrate’s de cision without considering the merits of the objection.” Wallace v. Willoughby , 3d Dist. ShelbyCase No. 16-19-04

-37- No. 17-10-15, 2011-Ohio-3008, ¶ 20, citing Triozzi-Hartman v. Hartman , 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2006-G-2701, 2007-Ohio-5781, ¶ 15, citing Waddle v. Waddle , 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2000-A-0016, 2001 WL 314659. Reviewin g Norville’s objection, which baldly reasserts all objections asserted on he r behalf at the final hearing, we find that it does not meet the specificity requirem ent set forth in Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(ii). Consequently, Norville is precluded from assi gning the trial court’s disposition of her objection as error on appeal. See id. at ¶ 21; Civ.R. 53 (D)(3)(b)(iv) (“Except for a claim of plain error, a party shal l not assign as error on appeal the court’s adoption of any factual finding or legal con clusion * * * unless the party has objected to that finding or conclusion as require d by Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b).”). {¶61} Furthermore, App.R. 16(A)(7) provides that the appellant shall include in its brief “[a]n argument containing the contentions of the a ppellant with respect to each assignment of error presented for review and the reason s in support of the contentions, with citations to the authorities, statutes, and p arts of the record on which appellant relies.” Here, Norville fails to direct this C ourt to specific statements in the trial transcript, as required by App.R. 16(A) (7), or develop an argument explaining how any of the objections or a combination thereof, if indeed decided incorrectly, would change the outcome of the lower cour t’s decision. See

State v. Franks , 9th Dist. Summit No. 28533, 2017-Ohio-7045, ¶ 15. “Where anCase No. 16-19-04

-38- appellant fails to develop an argument in support of his assign ment of error, this

Court will not create one for him.” Id. at ¶ 16, citing State v. Harmon , 9th Dist. Summit No. 26426, 2013-Ohio-2319, ¶ 6, citing App.R. 16(A)(7) a nd Cardone v.

Cardone , 9th Dist. Summit No. 18349, 1998 WL 224934, *8 (May 6, 1998). “‘If an argument exists that can support [an] assignment of error, i t is not this [C]ourt’s duty to root it out.’” Id. , quoting Cardone at *8. {¶62} Accordingly, Norville’s third assignment of error is overruled. {¶63} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in th e particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. Judgment Affirmed SHAW, P.J. and WILLAMOWSKI, J., concur. /jlr