In the 

Missouri Court of Appeals

Western District

TRAVIS CLUNIE,

Appellant,

v.

STATE OF MISSOURI,

Respondent.

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WD82218

OPINION FILED:

August 27, 2019 

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Pettis County, Missouri

The Honorable Robert Lawrence Koffman, Judge

Before Division Three:

Gary D. Witt, P.J., Edward R. Ardini, and Thomas N. Chapman, JJ.

Summary

Travis Clunie (Clunie) appeals from the judgment of the Circuit Court of Pettis County 

denying his motion for post-conviction relief. In his sole point on appeal, Clunie argues that the 

motion court erred by finding that he was indigent but denying his initial 29.15(b) postconviction motion without appointing counsel as required by Supreme Court Rule 29.15(e). We 

reverse and remand. 
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Factual and Procedural Background

A Pettis County jury found Clunie guilty of sodomy in the first degree in December of 

2016; and judgment was subsequently entered sentencing him to thirty years imprisonment in the 

Missouri Department of Corrections. Clunie appealed that judgment to this Court and we 

affirmed, issuing our mandate on July 5, 2018. State v. Clunie, 548 S.W.3d 919 (Mo. App., 

W.D. 2018). On July 9, 2018, Clunie, pro se, timely filed his initial motion to vacate, set aside, 

or correct the judgment, including a motion to proceed in forma pauperis. One week later, the 

motion court issued a signed order, in which it found Clunie indigent, but did not appoint him 

counsel. The order denied his initial 29.15(b) post-conviction motion, finding he was “not 

entitled to relief as a matter of law.”1 This appeal followed.2

Discussion

In his only point on appeal, Clunie argues that the motion court erred when it concluded 

that he was indigent but denied his motion for post-conviction relief without appointing counsel 

as required by Rule 29.15(e).3 We agree.

Our review of a motion court’s denial of a motion for post-conviction relief is restricted 

to determining whether the findings of fact or conclusions of law of the motion court are clearly 

erroneous. Rule 29.15(k). We will overrule the motion court only if we are left with a “definite 

 

1 The order, in its entirety, stated as follows: “Comes now the Court and finds the movant to be indigent. He is 

allowed to file in forma pauperis; the Court finds that movant has alleged facts cognizable under Supreme Court 

Rule 29.15. He is not entitled to relief as a matter of law. The motion is denied.”

2 The Court recognizes that for a judgment to be final (and thus appealable), three elements must usually be present: 

“a writing, signed by the judge, and denominated as a judgment.” Watson v. State, 545 S.W.3d 909, 911 (Mo. App. 

W.D. 2018). However, we held in Watson that a docket entry which is “neither signed by a judge nor denominated a 

judgment” is nevertheless “a final judgment for purposes of appeal” in the context of post-conviction relief motions. 

Id. at 913. 

3 Pursuant to Rule 29.15(m) we use the provisions of Rule 29.15 in effect on December 31, 2017.
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and firm impression that a mistake has been made.” McFadden v. State, 553 S.W.3d 289, 298 

(Mo. banc 2018) (quoting Gittemeier v. State, 527 S.W.3d 64, 67-68. (Mo. banc 2017)).

In the present case, the motion court’s order determined that Clunie was indigent, while 

conclusively ruling that he was not entitled to relief as a matter of law and denying his motion. 

This ruling by the motion court violated Rule 29.15(e), which provides, in pertinent part, that 

“[w]hen an indigent movant files a pro se motion, the court shall cause counsel to be appointed 

for the movant.” Id. (emphasis added). By the plain language of the rule, appointment of 

counsel for indigent, pro se movants is mandatory. Giles v. State, 572 S.W.3d 137, 138 (Mo. 

App. E.D. 2019). As it did in Giles, the State agrees with the movant that the motion court 

clearly erred. Id. We echo the Giles Court in finding that “the motion court clearly erred in 

failing to appoint counsel for Movant before denying his pro se motion.” Id. Clunie’s point is 

granted.

Conclusion

We reverse the motion court’s judgment denying Clunie’s motion and remand with 

instructions for the motion court to appoint Clunie counsel.

/s/Thomas N. Chapman

Thomas N. Chapman, Judge

All concur.