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NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENN SYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee

v. MARCUS J. DUGAS Appellant No. 3451 EDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 29 , 2014 In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County Criminal Division at No(s): CP
- 45
- CR
- 0001797
- 2013;

CP
- 45
- CR
- 0001798
- 2013 BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and OLSON, J. MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 09, 2015 Appellant, Marcus J. Dugas, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial convictions for one count each of a ggravated assault, rape by forcible compulsion, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse (“IDSI”), recklessly endangering another person (“REAP”), burglary, unlawful restraint, false imprisonment, endangering the welfare of children (“EWOC”), and harassment, and two counts each of simple assault and terroristic threats. 1 We affirm. The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.

____________________________________________ 1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702(a)(1); 3121(a)(1); 3123(a)(1); 2705; 3502(a)(1); 2902(a)(1); 2903(a); 4304(a)(1); 2709(a)(1); 2701(a)(1); 2706(a)(1), respectively.J
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On June 15, 2013, L.V. reported a domestic disturbance to the police. L.V. told the responding officers that Appellant (her boyfriend) had grabbed her by the arm and brandished a knife at her after she refused to give him her car keys. L.V. reported that Appellant fled after learning the police were on the way. The officers told L.V. to call the police if Appellant returned to her apartment. L.V. and Appellant ended their relationship after this incident. On July 5, 2013, L.V. filed a protection from abuse (“PFA”) petition against Appellant, alleging that since the June 15, 2013 incident, Appellant had made a copy of L.V.’s house key, entered L.V.’s home without her permission, and threatened her. The court granted L.V. a temporary PFA order that day and entered a final PFA order on July 15, 2013. On July 18, 2013, L.V. awoke at 11:00 p.m. to find Ap pellant standing over her bed, screaming, “Oh, I’m going to kill you.” Appellant lifted L.V. from the bed and threw her to the ground. Appellant then began to choke L.V. until she lost consciousness. L.V. regained consciousness and attempted to flee her bedroom. The couple’s four

- year - old son, M.D., heard his mother screaming and attempted to run for help. Appellant threatened to beat M.D. if he did not return to his room. After M.D. went back to his room, Appellant dragged L.V. back into her bedroom and grabbed a knife. L.V. was able to gain control of the knife and throw it out of Appellant’s reach. L.V. again attempted to flee, but Appellant stopped her and bit L.V. on the side of her face. In an effort to stop Appellant’s attack, L.V. toldJ
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Appel lant she wanted to continue their relationship. Appellant then performed oral sex on L.V. and had sexual intercourse with L.V. After Appellant fell asleep, L.V. fled from the apartment with the couple’s two children. Police subsequently arrested Appella nt at L.V.’s apartment. Procedurally, at docket number CP

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- CR
- 0001797
- 2013 (“docket 1797”), the Commonwealth charged Appellant with simple assault, terroristic threats, and harassment, in connection with the incident on June 15, 2013. At docket numbe r CP
- 45
- CR
- 0001798
- 2013 (“docket 1798”), the Commonwealth charged Appellant with aggravated assault, rape by forcible compulsion, sexual assault, IDSI, indecent assault, REAP, burglary, kidnapping, terroristic threats, unlawful restraint, aggravated indece nt assault without consent, simple assault, false imprisonment, EWOC, and corruption of minors, in connection with the incident on July 18, 2013. 2 On August 19, 2013, the Commonwealth filed a notice of intent to join for trial the charges at docket 1797 and docket 1798. While Appellant was incarcerated awaiting trial on these charges, Appellant wrote L.V. a letter from prison, in violation of the PFA order. Appellant also wrote a letter to his mother urging her to convince L.V. to ask the Commonwealth to drop the charges against him. Consequently, the Commonwealth filed a third criminal

____________________________________________ 2 The Commonwealth did not charge Appellant in relation to the events after June 15, 2013, and befor e July 5, 2013, which gave rise to entry of the PFA order.J
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information against Appellant, at docket number CP

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- 2013 (“docket 2252”), charging Appellant with two counts of intimidation of a witness or victim and one count of solicitation to intimidate a witness or victim. On October 25, 2013, the Commonwealth filed a notice of intent to join for trial the charges at docket 2252 with the charges at docket 1797 and docket 1798. On November 4, 2013, Appellant filed an omnibus pre

- trial motion to, inter alia , sever the charges at all docket numbers. Appellant filed a brief in support of his motion on January 21, 2014. On January 23, 2014, the Commonwealth filed a brief to support joinder of the charges. The court h eld a hearing on January 28, 2014. On February 12, 2014, the court denied Appellant’s motion to sever and granted the Commonwealth’s request to join the charges at all three docket numbers for trial. Appellant proceeded to a jury trial on April 15, 2014. 3 The jury returned a verdict on April 16, 2014. At docket 1797, the jury convicted Appellant of all charges (simple assault, terroristic threats, and harassment). At docket 1798, the jury convicted Appellant of aggravated assault, rape by forcible comp ulsion, IDSI, REAP, burglary, terroristic threats, unlawful

____________________________________________ 3 Prior to the close of the Commonwealth’s case

- in
- chief, the court granted Appellant’s motion to dismiss the kidnapping charge at docket 1798. The Commonwealth withdrew the charges of aggravate d indecent assault without consent and corruption of minors at docket 1798; the Commonwealth also withdrew two charges at docket 2252.J
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restraint, simple assault, false imprisonment, and EWOC; the jury found Appellant not guilty of sexual assault or indecent assault at docket 1798. At docket 2252, the jury found Appellant not gui lty of one count of intimidation of a witness. On July 31, 2014, the court sentenced Appellant at docket 1797 to nine (9) to twenty

- four (24) months’ imprisonment for terroristic threats. 4 At docket 1798, the court sentenced Appellant to four and one

- hal f (41⁄2) to ten (10) years’ imprisonment for aggravated assault; a consecutive term of five and one

- half (51⁄2) to ten (10) years’ imprisonment for rape by forcible compulsion; a concurrent term of two and one

- half (21⁄2) to five (5) years’ imprisonment for burg lary; a concurrent term of six (6) to twelve (12) months’ imprisonment for terroristic threats; a concurrent term of six (6) to twelve (12) months’ imprisonment for unlawful restraint; and a concurrent term of one (1) to two (2) years’ imprisonment for EWO C. 5 The court imposed Appellant’s sentence at docket 1797 concurrent to his sentences at docket 1798. Thus, the court imposed an aggregate sentence of ten (10) to twenty (20) years’ imprisonment. On August 1, 2014, the Commonwealth timely filed a post

- sentence

____________________________________________ 4 The court determined the remaining convictions at docket 1797 merged for sentencing purposes.

5 The court determin ed the remaining convictions at docket 1798 merged for sentencing purposes.J
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motion to modify Appellant’s sentence, claiming the court’s sentence was too lenient given the gravity of the offenses, aggravating circumstances, and the danger Appellant posed to the community. On Monday, August 11, 2014, Appellant timely filed a post
- sentence motion challenging the sufficiency of the evidence and the legality of his sentence (claiming his sentences for aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion should have merged). The court held a hearing on the motions on August 29, 2014. During the hearing, the Commonwealth pointed out that Appellant’s sentences for aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion carried minimum sentences which were not equal to half of the maximum sentences imposed. The court re

- sentenced Appel lant on that date to five and one

- half (51⁄2) to eleven (11) years’ imprisonment for aggravated assault and four and one

half (41⁄2) to nine (9) years’ imprisonment for rape by forcible compulsion. The court did not alter the sentences for any of Appellant’s other convictions. Thus, Appellant’s aggregate sentence remained ten (10) to twenty (20) years’ imprisonment. 6 The court said it would take Appellant’s post

sentence motion under advisement. On November 19, 2014, the court denied Appellant’s post

- sentence motion. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on December 12, 2014. On

____________________________________________ 6 The court did not expressly deny the Commonwealth’s request for a stricter sentence, but the court declined to impose a harsher aggregate sentence than previously imposed.J
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December 24, 2014, the court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursu ant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and Appellant complied. Appellant raises the following issues for our review: WHETHER THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN THE VERDICT OF: A. RAPE BY FORCIBLE COMPULSION [AND] INVOLUNTARY DEVIATE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE[?] B. A GGRAVATED ASSAULT? C. ENDANGERING THE WELFARE OF CHILDREN? WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING [APPELLANT’S] MOTION TO SEVER? WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN IMPOSING CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES FOR AGGRAVATED ASSAULT AND RAPE BY FORCIBLE COMPULSION? ( Appellant’s Brief at 6). 7 After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the applicable law, and the well

- reasoned opinions of the Honorable Stephen M. Higgins, we conclude Appellant’s first issue merits no relief. The trial court op inions comprehensively discuss and properly dispose of the question presented. ( See Trial Court Opinion, filed January 30, 2015, at 3; Opinion in Support of Order Denying Appellant’s Post

- Sentence Motions, filed November 19, 2014, at 4

- 9) (finding: regard ing Appellant’s rape by forcible

____________________________________________ 7 Fo r purposes of disposition, we have re

- ordered Appellant’s issues.J
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compulsion conviction, L.V. testified that on night of July 18, 2013, Appellant appeared in her bedroom, standing over her and screaming, “Oh, I’m going to kill you”; after several unsuccessful attempts to flee, L.V. preten ded she wanted to continue her relationship with Appellant so he would stop attacking her; at one point, Appellant and L.V.’s four

- year - old son heard L.V. screaming and woke up crying; Appellant told his son to get back in his room or Appellant would whoop him with belt; after child left, Appellant performed oral sex on L.V. and then had sexual intercourse with L.V.; L.V. testified that she feared Appellant would kill her if she tried to stop him; L.V. did not want to have sex with Appellant, but did so onl y out of fear; regarding Appellant’s IDSI conviction, L.V. encountered Appellant in her bedroom while she was sleeping; L.V. testified that she had sex with Appellant and allowed Appellant to perform oral sex on her solely out of fear that Appellant would kill her if she refused his advances; regarding Appellant’s aggravated assault conviction, L.V. testified that Appellant choked her until she almost passed out; when L.V. regained consciousness, her vision was blurry, she could not hear, and L.V. had diffi culty standing; Appellant bit L.V.’s face when she attempted to leave; L.V. was swollen and had broken blood vessels in her face after Appellant’s attack; Commonwealth introduced photographs depicting L.V.’s injuries; regarding Appellant’s EWOC conviction, Appellant and L.V.’s four

- year - old son awoke crying after hearing his mother scream during attack; L.V. instructed her sonJ
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to run and get help, but Appellant threatened to whoop his son with belt if he did not return to his room; Appellant also grabbed kn ife during this incident; Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to sustain Appellant’s convictions for rape by forcible compulsion, IDSI, aggravated assault, and EWOC). Accordingly, as to Appellant’s first issue, we affirm on the basis of the trial c ourt’s opinions. In his second issue, Appellant argues the Commonwealth sought joinder of his charges at docket 1797 and docket 1798 solely to show Appellant’s propensity for violence. Appellant contends the incident on June 15, 2013, had no probative value relative to the charges stemming from the events on July 18, 2013, other than to show Appellant committed bad acts by assaulting L.V. on both of those dates. Appellant asserts joinder of the charges established only that Appellant is a violent man w ho assaulted L.V. on June 15, 2013, and acted in conformity with that character on July 18, 2013. Appellant claims the Commonwealth failed to meet its burden to demonstrate that the probative value of this “prior bad act” evidence outweighed the prejudice to his case. Appellant concludes the court abused its discretion by denying his motion to sever the charges at docket 1797 and docket 1798, and this Court should reverse and remand for separate trials at each docket. 8 We disagree.

____________________________________________ 8 Appellant does not challenge the joinder of the charges at docket 2252.J
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Our standard of review of the denial of a motion to sever is as follows: “Joinder and severance of separate indictments for trial is a discretionary function of the trial court; consequently, the trial court’s decision is subject to review for abuse of tha t discretion.” Commonwealth v. Brookins , 10 A.3d 1251, 1255 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied , 610 Pa. 625, 22 A.3d 1033 (2011).

The traditional justification for permissible joinder of offenses or consolidation of indictments appears to be the judicial e conomy which results from a single trial. The argument against joinder or consolidation is that where a defendant is tried at one trial for several offenses, several kinds of prejudice may occur: (1) [t]he defendant may be confounded in presenting defense s, as where his defense to one charge is inconsistent with his defenses to the others; (2) the jury may use the evidence of one of the offenses to infer a criminal disposition and on the basis of that inference, convict the defendant of the other offenses; and (3) the jury may cumulate the evidence of the various offenses to find guilt when, if the evidence of each offense had been considered separately, it would not so find. Commonwealth v. Janda , 14 A.3d 147, 155 (Pa.Super. 2011) (quoting Commonwealth v. Morris , 493 Pa. 164, 171, 425 A.2d 715, 718 (1981)). “Thus[,] in arriving at a meaningful standard to guide the trial court in its exercise of discretion, and to permit appellate courts to determine whether the trial court abused this discretion, we must weigh the possibility of prejudice and injustice caused by the consolidation against the consideration of judicial economy.” Id. Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 582 provides, in pertinent part:J
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- Rule 582. Joinder — Trial of Separate Indictments or Informations (A) Standards (1) Offenses charged in separate indictments or informations may be tried together if: (a) the evidence of each of the offenses would be admissible in a separate trial for the other and is capable of separation by the ju ry so that there is no danger of confusion; or (b) the offenses charged are based on the same act or transaction. Pa.R.Crim.P. 582(A)(1). Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 583 provides: Rule 583. Severance of Offenses or Defendants

The court may order separate trials of offenses or defendants, or provide other appropriate relief, if it appears that any party may be prejudiced by offenses or defendants being tried together. Pa.R.Crim.P. 583. “Under Rule 583, the prejudice the defendant suffe rs due to the joinder must be greater than the general prejudice any defendant suffers when the Commonwealth’s evidence links him to a crime.” Commonwealth v. Dozzo , 991 A.2d 898, 902 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied , 607 Pa. 709, 5 A.3d 818 (2010).

The prejudice of which Rule 583 speaks is, rather, that which would occur if the evidence tended to convict the appellant only by showing his propensity to commit crimes, or because the jury was incapable of separating the evidence or could not avoid cumulatin g the evidence. Additionally, the admission of relevant evidence connecting a defendant to the crimes charged is a naturalJ
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- consequence of a criminal trial, and it is not grounds for severance by itself. Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Lauro , 819 A.2d 100, 1 07 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied , 574 Pa. 752, 830 A.2d 975 (2003)).

Where the defendant moves to sever offenses not based on the same act or transaction...the court must therefore determine: (1) whether the evidence of each of the offenses would be admi ssible in a separate trial for the other; (2) whether such evidence is capable of separation by the jury so as to avoid danger of confusion; and, if the answers to these inquiries are in the affirmative, (3) whether the defendant will be unduly prejudiced by the consolidation of offenses. Dozzo, supra at 902 (quoting Commonwealth v. Collins , 550 Pa. 46, 55, 703 A.2d 418, 422 (1997), cert. denied , 525 U.S. 1015, 119 S.Ct. 538, 142 L.Ed.2d 447 (1998)). Thus, a court must first determine whether evidence of each of the offenses would be admissible in a separate trial for the other. Dozzo, supra . Evidence of other crimes is not admissible solely to show the defendant’s bad character or propensity to commit crimes. Id. Nevertheless, evidence of other crimes is admissible to demonstrate: (1) motive; (2) intent; (3) absence of mistake or accident; (4) a common scheme, plan or design embracing the commission of two or more crimes so related to each other that proof of one tends to prove the others; or (5) to es tablish the identity of the person charged with the commission of the crime on trial, in other words, where there is such a logical connection between the crimes that proof of one will naturally tend to show that the accused is the person who committed the other. Janda, supra at 156 (quoting Morris, supra at 175, 425 A.2d at 720). “Additionally, evidence of other crimes may be admitted where suchJ
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evidence is part of the history of the case and forms part of the natural development of the facts.” Dozzo, s upra at 902 (quoting Collins, supra at 55, 703 A.2d at 423). See also Commonwealth v. Thomas , 879 A.2d 246 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal denied , 605 Pa. 685, 989 A.2d 917 (2010) (holding court properly granted Commonwealth’s motion to consolidate charges resul ting from defendant’s domestic dispute with his girlfriend at their home on March 23, 2001, with charges following another domestic dispute between defendant and his girlfriend on April 19, 2001; second assault occurred on day defendant was released from j ail, after victim had refused to testify against him at hearing on first assault; evidence of each assault would be admissible in prosecution for other, as evidence constitutes chain or sequence of events that formed history of case and is part of natural development of case; jury was capable of separating evidence into different incidents on different days that gave rise to different crimes; evidence of defendant’s relationship with victim was admissible to prove motive, malice, ill

- will, and complete stor y of their relationship; defendant did not suffer undue prejudice as result of consolidation of offenses for trial). Instantly, in denying Appellant’s request for severance of the charges at each docket, the trial court stated: “Pursuant to prevailing P ennsylvania case law, evidence of each offense would be admissible in prosecution for the other, the evidence is separable by a jury, and there is no showing of undue prejudice to [Appellant]. See [ id. ]. As such, [Appellant’s] Motion isJ
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DENIED.” (Order Denying Appellant’s Motion to Sever, 2/12/14, at 1). We see no reason to disrupt the court’s ruling. See Brookins, supra

. Appellant’s actions showed an escalating pattern of abuse. L.V. refused to give Appellant her car keys on June 15, 2013, and Appel lant responded by grabbing her arm and threatening her with a knife. Appellant fled after L.V. called the police. L.V. subsequently obtained a PFA order against Appellant after Appellant had made a copy of L.V.’s house key, entered L.V.’s home without he r permission, and threatened her. Appellant violated the PFA order when he broke into L.V.’s home on July 18, 2013, choked her until she passed out, attacked and assaulted L.V., and threatened to kill her. Appellant’s actions on June 15, 2013 and July 18 , 2013, respectively, would constitute admissible evidence in each case if the court had conducted separate trials, where the crimes from each incident demonstrate a sequence of events that formed the history and natural development of the

case. See Pa.R. Crim.P. 582; Dozzo, supra ; Thomas, supra . Additionally, evidence of Appellant’s relationship with L.V. was admissible to prove Appellant’s motive, malice, and ill

- will toward L.V., and to develop the complete story of their relationship. See id. Further , the jury found Appellant not guilty of indecent assault and sexual assault at docket 1798, and acquitted Appellant of intimidation of a witness at docket 2252, demonstrating that the jury was capable of separating the charges at all three dockets and did not cumulate the evidence. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 582;J
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Dozzo, supra . Thus, Appellant’s second issue warrants no relief. See Janda, supra ; Dozzo, supra
. In his third issue, Appellant argues the aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion convictions were part of the same offense because the crime of aggravated assault constituted evidence of forcible compulsion necessary to prove the crime of rape. Appellant asserts the court erred by imposing consecutive sentences for aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion because the sentences for these convictions should have merged. Appellant concludes this Court must vacate and remand for re

sentencing. 9 We disagree. “Whether [a defendant’s] convictions merge for sentencing is a question implicatin g the legality of [his] sentence. Consequently, our standard of review is de novo and the scope of our review is plenary.” Commonwealth v. Baldwin , 604 Pa. 34, 38, 985 A.2d 830, 833 (2009). Section 9765 provides: § 9765. Merger of sentences No crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the crimes arise from a single criminal act and all of the statutory elements of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other offense. Where crimes merge for sentencing purposes, the cou rt may sentence the defendant only on the higher graded offense.

____________________________________________ 9 Notwithstanding the phrasing of Appellant’s third question presented, Appellant challenges only the legality o f his sentence; he does not claim the court abused its discretionary sentencing authority.J
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42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9765.

The statute’s mandate is clear. It prohibits merger unless two distinct facts are present: 1) the crimes arise from a single criminal act; and 2) all of the statutor y elements of one of the offenses are included in the statutory elements of the other. Baldwin, supra at 38
- 39, 985 A.2d at 833. In other words: “If two crimes each require proof of at least one element that the other does not, then the crimes are not gr eater and lesser included offenses, and therefore the sentences do not merge.” Thomas, supra at 263. The Crimes Code defines the offenses of aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion, in relevant part, as follows:

§ 2702. Aggravated assault (a) Offense defined. ―A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he: (1) attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another, or causes such injury intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value o f human life[.] 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1).

§ 3121. Rape (a) Offense defined. ―A person commits a felony of the first degree when the person engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant: (1) By forcible compulsion. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3121(a)(1). Instantly, aggravated assault under subsection (a)(1) requires theJ
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element of causing or attempting to cause serious bodily injury; rape by forcible compulsion does not require serious bodily injury or an attempt to cause serious bodily injury. Additional ly, rape by forcible compulsion requires sexual intercourse, which aggravated assault does not. Compare 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702(a)(1), 3121(a)(1). Because aggravated assault under subsection (a)(1) and rape by forcible compulsion involve at least one separa te element the other does not, the court correctly imposed separate sentences for those crimes. See Baldwin, supra ; Thomas, supra

. 10 Therefore, Appellant’s third issue merits no relief. Accordingly, we affirm. Judgment of sentence affirmed. Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 9/9/2015

____________________________________________ 10 Appellant relies on this Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Sanders , 489 A.2d 207 (Pa.Super. 1985) (holding defendant’s convictions for aggravated assault and R EAP merged for sentencing purposes with defendant’s rape by forcible compulsion conviction where crimes arose from same criminal incident and evidence of aggravated assault and REAP constituted evidence of forcible compulsion necessary to prove rape). Nev ertheless, this Court decided Sanders before the legislature enacted the pure elements

- based merger statute under Section 9765. Thus, Sanders is not dispositive of the present case.the sentence to run concurrent with the sentence imposed at 1798 CR 2013. The months in a state correctional facility on the conviction of terroristic threats, w i th Defendant to a term of imprisonment period of nine months to twenty-four docket number 1798 CR 2013. At docket 1797 CR 2013, this Court sentenced injury, simple assault, false imprisonment and endangering welfare of child on another person, burglary, terroristic threats, unlawful restraint/serious bodily compulsion, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, recklessly endangering and Defendant was found guilty of aggravated assault, rape b y forcible of terrorist i c threats, simple assault, harassment on docket number 1797 CR 2013;

On April 16, 2013 , a Monroe County Jury found Defendant guilty trial. Pennsylvan i a Superior Court of various issues following his conviction after jur y

The matter concerns Defendant Marcus Dugas' appeal to the STATEMENT PURSUANT TO Pa.R.A.P.1925{a) Defendant MARCUS DUGAS, 

### vs. NO. 1797 CR 2013 1798 CR2013 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONROE COUNTY FORTY-THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMONWEAL

TH OF PENNSYLVANIA ,, Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AMand, therefore, no sentence was imposed. imprisonment, we determined that for sentencing purposes these charges merge sexual assault, recklessly endangering another person, simple assault and false sentences imposed at 1798 CR 2103. As to the charges of involuntary deviate imprisonment to period of 12 months to 24 months, to run concurrent to the other the endangering welfare of child, we sentenced Defendant to a term of months, to run concurrent to the other sentences imposed at 1798 CR 2103. For sentenced Defendant to a term of imprisonment to period of 6 months to 12 at 1798 CR 2103. On the charge of unlawful restraint serious bodily injury, we period o f 6 months to 12 months, to run concurrent to the other sentences imposed of terroristic threats, this Court sentenced Defendant to a term of imprisonment to sentences for aggravated assault and rape by forcible compulsion

. On the charge imprisonment to period of 30 months to 60 months, to run concurrent to the assault 1 • For the burglary charge, we sentenced Defendant to a term of of 66 months to 120 months, to run consecutive to the sentence for aggravated compulsion, this Court sentenced Defendant to a term of imprisonment to period on the conviction of aggravated assault. On the charge of rape by forcible imprisonment period of 54 months to 120 months in a state correctional facility At docket 1 797 CR 2013, this Court sentenced Defendant to a term of and therefore no sentence was imposed. charges of simple assault and harassment merged for the purpose of sentencing

1 n August 29, 2014, we granted the Commonwealth's Post Sentence Motion to Modify Sentence and c ected the sentence on aggravated assault to 54 to 108 months and on the rape by fo r cible compulsion to 6 to 132 months resulting in an aggregate of 120 to 240 months. Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM:: 

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~ cc: Michael Rakaczewski, Esquire, ADA Donald M. Leeth, Esquire Prothonotary-Superior Court 

### BY THE COURT: be determined. Therefore, pursuant to Pa. R.C.P. 1925(a), we find that northing further needs to Defendant's issued complained of on appeal have been addressed in our Opinion

. forth our reasons for denying Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions. All of

In our November 19, 2014, Opinion and Order we specifically set filed an Appeal to the Pennsylvania Superior Court. Opinion and Order dated November 19, 2014. On December 12, 2014, Defendant Thereafter, Defendant filed Post-Sentence Motions which were denied by Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AMJuly 

### 19, 2013:

was filed charging Defendant with the following, related to an incident occurring on On that same date, a Criminal Information in case docketed at number 1798 CR 2013 1. Terroristic Threats [Ml], pursuant to 18 Pa

. C

. S : § 2706 (a)(l); 2

. Simple Assault [M2], pursuant to 18 Pa

. C

. S. § 2701 (a)(l); and 3

. Harassment [S], pursuant to 75 Pa. C

. S. § 2709 (a)(l). 

### incident occurring on June 15, 2013 : 1797 CR 2013 was filed charging Defendant with the following, related to an follows

. On August 21, 2103, a Criminal Information in case docketed at number requests this Court grant a new trial

. The procedural background in this case is as Motions seeking to overturn his jury 

### conviction or, in the alternative, Defendant Defendant Marcus Julien Dugas ("Defendant") filed Post-Sentencing OPINION : POST SENTENCE MOTIONS Defendant . . ... -- - MARCUS JULIENDUGAS,



### vs . 1798 CR2013 1797 CR 

### 2013

. ' : NO. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONROE COUNTY

FORTY·TffiRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMONWEAL TH OF PENNSYLVANIA ~ . Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM

# I I I

· 1 

### I 

# I I 2 

### 1

. Intimidating WitnessNictim Fal s e /M isleading T e stimon y [Fl], pursuant to 18 Pa. C

. S. § 90 2 (a ) ; 2

. Intimidating Witness /V ictim False /Mi sleading Testimony [Fl], pursuan t to 1 8 Pa. C.S. § 

### 495 2 (a)( 2 ); and 3. Intimidatin g Witness/Victim-Withhold T e stim o n y [Fl], pursuant t o 18 Pa. C

. S. § 

### 495 2 (a)(3). occurring on August 2 , 2013 : 2013 was filed charging Defendant with the followin g, related to an incident On October 25, 2 103, a Criminal Inform a tion in case docketed at number 225 2 CR

1. 

### Aggravated Assault [Fl] , pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. § 2702(a)(l); 2

. Rape Forcible Compulsion [Fl], pursuantto 18 Pa. C.S. § 

### 3121 (a)(l); 3

. Sexual Assault [F2] , pursuant to 18 Pa

. C.S. § 

### 3124.1 ; 4

. · Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse Forcible Compulsion [Fl], pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S

. § 

### 3123 (a)(l); 

### 5

. Indecent Assault Forcible Compulsion [Fl], pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S

. § 

### 3ti6 (a)(2) ; 6. · Recklessl yE ndangering Another Person [M2], pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. § 

### 2705; 7

. 

### Burglary Overnight Accommodation, Persons Present [Fl], 

### pursuant to 18 Pa. C

. S. § 3502 (a ) (l); 8. 

### Kidnap to Facilitate a Felon y [Fl], 

### pursuant to 18 Pa

. C

. S

. § 

### 2901 (a)(2); 9

. Terroristic Threats With Intent to Terrorize Anothe r [Ml] , pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S

. § 2706 (a ) (l); I 

### 0

. Unlawful Restrain t/ Serious Bodily Injury [F2], pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. § 

### 2902 (a)(l); 11

. Aggra v ated Indecent Assault Without C ons e nt [F2], pursuant to 18 Pa

. C

. S. § 3125 ( a )(l ); 12

. Simple Assault [M2] , pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. § 

### 2701 (a)(l) ; 13. False Imprisonment [M2] , pursuant to 18 Pa

. C

. S. § 

### 2903 (a); 14

. Endangering Welfare of Children-Paren t/ Guardian [Ml], pursuant to 18 Pa. C.S. § 4304(a)(l ); and 15. Corruption of Minors [S], pursuant to 75 Pa

. C

. S

. § 630l ( a)(l)(i). Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM3 is Court ' s original sentence i mpo s ed upon D e fendan t w a s 66 to 120 month s for the Aggra v ated A s sault 54 to 120 months consecuti v e on Rape by Fo r cible Compulsion

. 

### granting the Commonwealth's Motion, we modified Defendant's sentence merely to Motion to Modify Sentence and denied Defendant's Re c onsideration of Sen t ence. In · hearing, held on August 29, 2014, we granted the Commonwealth's Post Sentence trial. In 

### addition , Defendant also sought reconsiderat i on of his sentence
. During our (" Motion") seeking to 

### arrest the judgment against him , or in the alternative, a new imposed on Defendant. On August 11, 2014, Defendant filed Post-Sentence Motion filed Post Sentence Motions to Modify Sentence, seeking to increase the sentence State Correctional Institution

. . Thereafter, on August 1, 2014 , the Commonwealth Defendant of not less than 120 months nor more than 240 months 1 

### to be served in a On July 31 , 2014, this Court imposed a total aggregate sentence on charges filed at docket 2252 CR 2013. Harassment. Defendant was found not guilty of all other charges , including the 2013, Defendant was 

### found guilty of Terroristic Threats , Simple Assault and Endangering Welfare of Children

. On that same date , at docket number 1797 CR Restraint/Serious Bodily Injury; 

### Simple Assault; False Imprisonment; and · RecklesslyEndangerin g 

### Another Person; Burglary; Terroristic Threats; Unlawful Assault; Rape Forcible Compulsion; Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse; number 1798 CR 2013, Defendant was convicted of the following: Aggravated A single jury trial was held on April 15, 

### 2014, after which , at docket (B)(l) that the above three docketed cases would be joined for the purposes of trial. On October 3 , 2013 , the Commonwealth filed Notice Pursuant to Pa

. R. 

### Crim

. P. 582 Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM4 A review of the record indicates that the evidence was sufficient to support a conviction for Rape by Forcible Compulsion. Pursuant to§ 3121 (a)(l), "[a] correct the sentence imposed on the Aggravated Assault from 66 to 120 months to 66 months to 132 months; and on the Rape by Forcible Compulsion from 60 to 120 months to 54 to 108 months, for a total aggregate sentence of 120 to 240 months, consistent with the original sentence imposed on the Defendant. We are now prepared to dispose of Defendant's Motion.

Defendant seeks an arrest of judgment in his case because he claims that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of Rape by Forcible Compulsion, Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse, Aggravated Assault and Endangering the Welfare of a Child. The test for determining the sufficiency of the evidence is whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom support the jury's finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Syre, 489 A.2d 1340, 1342 (Pa. 1985). Our function is to determine whether the evidence is sufficient to permit a jury to determine that each and every element of the crimes charged has been established beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Feathers, 660 A.2d 90 (Pa. Super. 1995) (citation omitted). "The facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth 'need not be absolutely incompatible with the Defendant's innocence, but the question of any doubt is for the jury unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact can be drawn from the combined circumstances."' Id, ( citations omitted). Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM5

· did not want to have sex with Defendant ; however, she feared that the Defendant having sexual intercourse with her, he would kill her

. The victim testified that she L : .J , 

## · s testimon y shows that she feared that if she tried to stop Defendant from evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth , we find 

### that L.,

.. 

# v, "s consent. Viewing the above engaged in sexual intercourse with 

### L 

# ,v . in v oluntarily submitted to sexual intercourse. Defendant argues that he Defendant argues that this testimony did not demonstrate that he would kill her

. [N

. T

. , p. 39] ·

L.. 

### \J I ' testified that she feared that if she tried to stop Defendant [N.T., p. 39] crying. [N.T., p. 36] Defendant then told his son to get back in his roo~ or he would whoop him with the be l t. [N.T., p. 36] After v,.t,
. , D

. returned to his room, Defendant and ,. 

### L ~ ..../ · went back into her bedroom when Defendant performed oral sex on her. [N

. T., p. 39] Defendant proceeded to have sex with 

### I., , ./ §



### Ni~ -- Jr .• age 4 ; heard his mothe r screaming and he woke up young son . . with him so that he would stop hurting her. [N

. T., p . 38] At one point, the parties ' p . 35-38] She then decided to make Defendant believe that she still wanted to be the situation, ", 

### \_. , ~ a realized that she was making the situation worse. [N

. T ., - · - ·- - - -- - - - ·-- - - -·- . - - screaming " Oh , I'm going to kill you." [N

. T., p. 34] After several attempts to flee



### . L. 

# v ~ awoke to find Defendant standing over her (hereinafter " N

. T .")] Defendant appeared in her bedroom. [Notes of Testimon y , April 15, 2014, a t p . 34 victim and ex-girlfriend of Defendant, testified that.on the night of July 18, 2013, the 

## L~· · \ , the intercourse with a complainant: (1) [b]y forcible compulsion

. "

. person commits a felony of the first degree when the person engages in sexual Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM6



### sleeping. [N.T. , p. 34] 1.- 

## .,v., stated that she was compelled to have sexual relations with Defendant because she feared that Defendant would harm or kill her if she did not allow it. [N.T., p. 39] The victim testified that she was afraid 

### to do anything that looked suspicious to Defendant. [N.T., p. 41] The testimony included
l- 

## : v ' ~ statements that Defendant performed oral sex on her [N. T., p.39] and that she was scared to call the cops. [N.T., p. 41] Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, we find that there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder

L w .../ • 

### encountered Defendant in her bedroom while she was forth above, would harm 

### or kill her if 

### he learned that she was pretending to continue their relationship. (N.T., p. 39] We find the evidence is sufficient to demonstrate that Defendant engaged in sexual intercourse by forcible compulsion. The jury 

### heard the evidence and determined that Defendant was guilty of Rape by Forcible Compulsion. Therefore, Defendant's Motion for Arrest of Judgment and Motion for New Trial based on insufficient evidence for his conviction of Rape by Forcible Compulsion is denied. Defendant also challenges his conviction for IDSI on the basis that the evidence was insufficient. "A person commits a felony of the first degree when the person engages in deviate sexual intercourse with a complainant: (1) by forcible compulsion.'' 18 Pa. C.S.A.§ 3123 (a)(l). "The crime of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse occurs when the actor, by physical compulsion or threats thereof, coerces the victim to engage in acts of anal and/or oral intercourse." Commonwealth v. Snyder, 870 A.2d. 336, 351 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted)

. As we have set Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM7 

### serious

is more than

. sufficient evidence to show that Defendant caused L • 

### '1 ~ photographs and found Defendant was guilty of Aggravated Assault. We find there This testimony is disturbing. The jury heard this testimony, saw the Commonwealth i ntroduced photographs containing these injuries. popped around her eyes; and her face was swollen. [N.T. , p. 40] The realized that there were red patches around her eyes; it looked like blood vessels p . 35] Defendant bit her face when

. f- ~ · " · 

### ' attempted to leave the apartment. [N.T. , p. 37] The morning after the attack, 

### L- 

# " v · looked into the mirror and ' 

## L.1 V .· was 

### dizzy and she had difficulty getting up. [N.T., ears . [N.T ., p. 35] stated that she woke up and everything w as blurry and she couldn't hear out if her into the earl y morning of July 19 , 2013 , Defendant had both of his hands around her throat and choked her until she almost passed out. [N.T

. , p. 34-35] L, , ../,.



### L, "1 , testified that on the e ven i ng of July 18, 2013, and At trial , under circumstances manifesting e x treme indifference to the value of human life

. " bodily injury to another , or causes such injury intentionall y , knowingl y or recklessly insufficient to convict him of Aggravated Assault. 18 Pa

. C

. S

. A §2702 (a)(l) , states that "(a] pe r son is guilty of aggra v ated assault if he : (1) attempts to cause serious

Next, Defendant contends that the evidence submitted at trial was conviction under IDSI is denied. Judgment and Motion for New Trial based on insufficient evidence for his is sufficient to sustain the verdict , therefore, Defendant's Motion for Arrest of Defendant to perform oral sex on her or he would kill her

. We find that the evidence · stated that she felt forced to allow to find every element of IDSI. Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM8



### woke up. [N.T., p. 36] The parties' son was only 4 years old at the time of the altercation. (\') ~ 

## D, heard his mother screaming for help and he woke up crying. [N.T., p. 36] 

### Liv~ : then told. 

### Yn-· 

### D 4 to run and get help, however, Defendant told his son to get back in his room or 

### he would whoop him 

### with the belt. [N.T., p. 36] M,1), went back to his room and he just cried. [N

. T

. , p. 36] tY" 1 

### D· was so overwhelmed by the incident that he did not want to go to sleep. ()') • D~ , 

### Jr. L#·.,/, ~ 

### back into her bedroom.. hair and he was dragging At one point, Defendant grabbed her by the during his altercation with L 

### '\J • caused serious physical manifestations of the bodily injury 

### which, under the circumstances, clearly demonstrates extreme indifference to the value of human life

. In 

### addition, Defendant bit 

### L. 

## '1 ~ 

# on her face. l-c \I~ had many physical injuries which the jury found was sufficient evidence to support Defendant's conviction of Aggravated Assault. Accordingly, upon viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, we find that there is sufficient evidence to support Defendant's conviction of Aggravated Assault. Finally, Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence for his conviction of endangering the welfare of children. "A parent, guardian or other person supervising the welfare of a child under 18 years of age, or a person that employs or supervises such a person, commits an offense ifhe knowingly endangers the welfare of the child by violating a duty of care, protection or support." 18 Pa. C.S.A. §4304 (a)(})

. The testimony at trial indicated that Defendant was very loud until she was passing out, he bodily injury. Defendant not only choked 

## L. ~ \I. Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM9

inasmuch as the jury acquitted the Defendant of Sexual Assault and Indecent Assault by Forcible Compulsion. [Defendant's Motion, ,1(c)] A consistency verdict is not required. 

### Commonwealth v. 

### Miller, 613 Pa. 584, 595, 35 A.3d 1206, 1213 (Pa. 2012). An inconsistent verdict is

. allowed "to stand so long as the evidence is sufficient to support the conviction." Id, 613 Pa. at 588, 35 A.3d at 1208 (citation omitted). The 

### Miller Court recognized that while "the jury's verdict appears to be inconsistent, we refuse to inquire into or to speculate upon the nature of the jury's deliberations or the rationale behind the jury ' s decision." 

### Id, 613 Pa. at 596, 35 A.3d at 1213. Since we have determined that

. the evidence is sufficient to support the

Defendant also contends that the verdict is flawed and inconsistent they were back in the room. [N.T., p. 36]

Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, we find that there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime of Endangering Welfare of a Child. The jury heard evidence that Defendant had a knife and that 

## L ,-.[ , threw it to where Defendant couldn't reach it. [N.T., p. 36] The physical altercation with · 

### L.. "\J ~ was done in from of : 

### hi\ , 

## D

. . and Defendant threatened him if he didn't go back into his room. [N.T., p. 36) We find this evidence is sufficient to sustain Defendant's conviction of the crime of Endangering Welfare of a Child. Accordingly, Defendant's Motion for Arrest of Judgment and Motion for New Trial based on insufficient evidence is denied.

L : 

### V • also stated at one point Defendant grabbed 

### a knife when [N:T., p. 39) Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM10

. conviction, we find no merit in Defendant's argument. In light of the foregoing, we enter the following order

. Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM

## - · . ~ -'

, ~ -I

- o er» >-
. ..t:.

~ 11 C") 0 c : ~ 0 :z: 

### z ;;o c:::> Cl c::: rn ~ 0 (D ( ' c; ::0

- "": • · .... _ . 3

- r : ~ STEPHEN M. WGGINS, Judge BY THE COURT: 

# 141{,\ da y of November 2014, based upon the ORDER : POST SENTENCE MOTIONS



### ADA , MR Donald Leeth , Esquire cc : DENIED. AND NOW , this

Defendant

. MARCUS JULIEN

. DUGAS ,

v s . COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

foregoing, it is hereb y ORDERED that Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions are COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONROE COUNTY FORTY-THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

: NO. 1798 CR 2013

1797 CR2013 ' 

### - Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM

## /}/_

. » /:f/(~J/

.



# ~ JI~ .Dis tr ict: Attorney 

# t%a. }JJ, ~ /Jonald Leeth, Esq.

/~~ 

### Susan DeBoer Parties: AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE - Opinion 

### L Susan Deboer, depose and say that the attached Noti c e and Order w a s served in the fol l owing manner on November 19, 2014 

### NO. 1798 CR 2013 1797 CR 2013 

### Commonweal th 

### of PA: 

### Vs Marcus Julien Dugas

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONROE COUNTY

4Yd JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Circulated 08/13/2015 11:26 AM