# Patent

## Title
Portable E-wallet and universal card

## Abstract

Universal cards are used in place of all the other traditional cards which a person may want to carry. The universal card can include a short range communications transceiver to communicate with a mobile device. The mobile device can include a user interface and an e-wallet application so that the user can interface with the e-wallet application for programming the universal card via the short range communication link. Once programmed, the universal card emulates a function of a traditional card.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/715,977 filed Mar. 2, 2010. The content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The presently disclosed subject matters relates to universal cards, mobile applications, and mobile devices such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), iPods, tablet computers, laptop computers, and similar mobile devices. More particularly, the subject matter relates to a universal card which can be used at any type of terminal equipped with a magnetic stripe reader or a short range wireless communication capability.
BACKGROUND
People carry many types of cards with them every day. The cards include credit cards, debit cards, drivers' licenses, transportation passes, building access cards, and many other types of cards. These cards are typically carried in a wallet or purse. A person may need to use any number of cards during the course of a day. Since people do not know which of the cards will be needed on any given day, most people carry all the cards that they may need with them every day. With the proliferation of card-capable terminals, people can end up carrying an inordinate amount of cards with them every day.
Many people also carry mobile devices with them, such as cell phones, PDAs, tablet computers, laptop computers, and many other types of mobile devices. Mobile devices increasingly have short range communication capabilities, such as near field communication (NFC) capabilities or Bluetooth capabilities.
A person that carries a wallet or purse also has to secure the contents of the wallet or purse at all times to protect against theft and fraud. If a card is lost or stolen, it can be used in unauthorized ways, leading to identification theft, fraud, or financial loss. In addition, as many transactions are increasingly performed without the need for physically possessing the card (e.g., online purchases), the mere exposure of the information found on a card to an unauthorized person is a risk to the card holder.
There is a need to reduce the number of cards carried by a person, and an opportunity to address that need using the short range communication capabilities of a mobile device which that person carries. In addition, there is a need to secure cards and card information so that cards and card information is not exposed to unauthorized people.
SUMMARY
To reduce the number of cards carried by a person, a universal card and short range communication enabled mobile device can be used in place of all the other cards which the person may want to carry. The universal card can include a short range communications transceiver to communicate with a mobile device. The mobile device can include a user interface and an e-wallet application so that the user can interface with the e-wallet application for programming the universal card via the short range communication link. Once programmed, the universal card emulates a function of a traditional card, such as emulating the magnetic stripe of the traditional card, the NFC communication of the traditional card, the radio transmission of the traditional card, or any other function.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing Summary, as well as the following Detailed Description, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. In order to illustrate the present disclosure, various aspects of the disclosure are shown. However, the disclosure is not limited to the specific aspects shown. The following figures are included:
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary system including a mobile device and a universal card.
FIG. 2 depicts a traditional card with a static magnetic stripe.
FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart process for programming a universal card.
FIG. 4 depicts interactions between a mobile device and a universal card, and between a universal card and three different types of terminals.
FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary system including a personal computer, a mobile device, and a universal card.
FIG. 6 depicts a flowchart process for managing universal card data using a mobile device.
FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart process for managing universal card data using a personal computer.
FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D depict possible designs for the front of a universal card.
FIG. 9 depicts a possible design for the back of a universal card.
FIGS. 10A and 10B depict an embodiment of a universal card with an integrated circuit.
FIGS. 11A and 11B depict an embodiment of a universal card with a secure element.
FIGS. 12A and 12B depict an embodiment of a universal card with an integrated circuit and a secure element.
FIG. 13 depicts an embodiment of a universal card with a power indicator.
FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment of a universal card with an activation switch.
FIGS. 15A and 15B depict ways to add traditional card data to a secure element of a universal card.
FIG. 15C depicts a way to add traditional card data to a secure element of a mobile device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary system is depicted with a mobile device 100 and a universal card 110. The mobile device 100 can be any number of devices, including a cell phone, a PDA, an iPod, a tablet computer, an NFC-specialized device, or any other type of mobile device. An NFC-specialized device is a device that provides for the user to be able to communicate with NFC terminals, such as making a contactless payment, and would also provide a user with a user interface for interacting with an NFC-enabled universal card. The mobile device 100 may include any number of components, such as a processor 101, memory 102, a power source 103, a user interface 104, and a short range transceiver 106. Memory 102 can be any type of computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Processor 101 can operate on data and/or software applications available in the memory 102. The user interface 104 can include any components for user input, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch screen display, or any similar component. The user interface 104 can also include security features on the mobile device, such as a PIN/password login, a fingerprint scanner, other biometric readers, or similar security features.
The mobile device 100 also includes an e-wallet application 105 which is executable by the processor 101. The e-wallet application 105 can be pre-installed on the mobile device 100 by the manufacturer of the mobile device 100. The e-wallet application 105 can also be installed by the user either by downloading it directly to the mobile device 100, by downloading the e-wallet application 105 over-the-air via a wireless data connection, or by inserting a memory card containing the e-wallet application 105.
The e-wallet application 105 allows the user to input information about traditional cards for storage in the memory 102. Information about traditional cards can include an account name, an account number, an expiration date, a card verification value 2 (CVV2), the image of the traditional card, the information which would be stored on the magnetic stripe of the traditional card, and any other information necessary to emulate the card. The information about traditional cards can also be stored in a remote location, such as a trusted service manager (not shown), which stores the information and provides the information to the mobile device 100 on demand via wireless data communication. In this case, the e-wallet application 105 would interface with the remote location to request and receive the information.
The e-wallet application 105 can also be used to program the universal card 110 by allowing the user to select a traditional card for the universal card to emulate. The universal card 110 can be configured to emulate any number of traditional cards, including credit cards, debit cards, drivers' licenses, transportation passes, building access cards, and any other types of cards. Once the user selects a card for emulation, the e-wallet application 105 causes the mobile device to communicate with the universal card and to transmit the information necessary for the universal card to emulate the selected traditional card.
In another universal card embodiment, the information about the traditional card could be stored in the memory 115 of the universal card 110. In this embodiment, if the universal card 110 has a user interface with sufficient capabilities, the user may be able to program the card by using the user interface on the universal card 110.
The short range transceiver 106 can be configured to communicate via any type of short range communication link, such as an NFC communication link or a Bluetooth communication link. The mobile device 100 may be manufactured with the short range transceiver 106. However, not all mobile devices are initially manufactured with short range transceivers. The short range transceiver 106 may be located on a memory card compatible with a memory slot of the mobile device 100. In this situation, the memory card with the short range transceiver 106 is inserted into the memory slot (not shown) of the mobile device 100 such that the mobile device can transmit and receive information using a short range communication link corresponding to the short range transceiver 106.
Another issue with the short range transceiver 106 may arise if the short range transceiver 106 of the mobile device and the short range transceiver 116 of the universal card 110 are not configured for the same type of short range communication. For example, mobile device 100 may have a Bluetooth transceiver, and the universal card 110 may have an NFC transceiver. In such a situation, the short range transceiver 106 would be a two-type transceiver, capable of communicating via both types of short range communication. In the example above, the short range transceiver 106 would be capable of receiving information via the Bluetooth link from the mobile device 100, and also capable of sending that information via the NFC link to the universal card 110. The short range transceiver 106 would also be capable of communicating in the opposite direction, receiving information via the NFC link from the universal card 110 and sending that information via the Bluetooth link to the mobile device 100. One example of a two-type transceiver is a MyMax sticker produced and sold by TwinLinx of France. The MyMax sticker can be attached to the housing of a Bluetooth-enabled device, can communicate with the device via a Bluetooth connection, and can communicate via an NFC connection with an NFC-enable device.
Also depicted in FIG. 1 is a universal card 110. The universal card 110 may include components such as a display 112, a power source 113, a processor 114, and memory 115. Each of those components are similar in function to the corresponding components of the mobile device 100, except that the component of the universal card 110 may be physically configured differently so as to fit in the shape of the universal card 110. For example, the display 112 of the universal card 110 may be integrated into universal card 110 via hot lamination processes and standard inlay constructs so that the universal card 110 will be the approximate shape and size of a traditional credit card and generally compliant with ISO 7810 standards.
The universal card 110 may also include a dynamic magnetic stripe 111 which can be configured to emulate the magnetic stripe of any traditional card. The standard magnetic stripe format is defined by ISO/IEC 7810:2003, and its extensions, including ISO/IEC 7811-1:2002 through ISO/IEC 7811-9:2008, and ISO/IEC 7813:2006, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Traditional magnetic stripes include a series of tiny bar magnets which can be magnetized in either a north- or south-pole direction. When the polarity of the bars aligns in the same direction, the card is blank. To write data to the card, the polarity of a bar is reversed so that the north pole is facing the north pole of the adjacent bar (N-N) or the south pole is facing the south pole (S-S). This causes a change in the magnetic field that can be detected by a card reader. The two possible flux reversals, N-N or S-S, can represent two different information states, which corresponds nicely to the binary system (ones and zeros) used by computers.
Magnetic stripes have three standard track layouts: Track 1, Track 2, and Track 3. Referring to FIG. 2, depicted is a traditional card 201 with a static magnetic stripe 202. The static magnetic stripe includes each of Tracks 1, 2, and 3, shown as 203, 204, and 205, respectively. Each of the track layouts are 0.110 inches high. Track 1 has 210 bits per inch (bpi) with room for 79 characters of 7 bits each (6 data bits, plus 1 parity bit). Track 2 has 75 bpi with room for 40 characters of 5 bits each (4 data bits, plus 1 parity bit). Track 3 has 210 bpi with room for 107 numeric digits. Tracks 1 and 2 have a standard for the data content contained in each track. Those standards are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In contrast, Track 3 does not have a standard for the data content in the track, and can be used for proprietary data formats.







TABLE 1







Standard Track 1 Data Content in Magnetic Stripe of Financial Cards








Data Field
Content of Data Field





Start sentinel
1 byte (the % character)


Format code
1 byte alpha (“A” is reserved for proprietary use 



of the card issuer; “B” is a standard for financial 



institutions; “C”-“M” are reserved for use by ANSI; 



and “N”-“Z” are available for use by individual 



card issuers)


Primary Account
Up to 19 characters


number



Separator
1 byte (the {circumflex over ( )} character)


Country code
3 bytes (optional)


Surname
Variable number of bytes


Surname separator
1 byte (the/character)


First name or initial
Variable number of bytes


Space
1 byte (used only when more data follows the



first name or initial)


Middle name or
Variable number of bytes


initial



Period
1 byte (the . character; used only when followed



by a title)


Title
Variable number of bytes (optional)


Separator
1 byte (the {circumflex over ( )} character)


Expiration date or
4 bytes (YYMM format), or a 1-byte separator if


separator
non-expiring card


Discretionary data
Variable number of bytes (optional; can be used by



the card issuer)


End sentinel
1 byte (the ? character)


Longitudinal
1 byte


redundancy check
















TABLE 2







Standard Track 2 Data Content in Magnetic Stripe of Financial Cards








Data Field
Content of Data Field





Start sentinel
1 byte (the ; character)


Primary account number
Up to 19 bytes


Separator
1 byte (the = character)


Country code
3 bytes (optional)


Expiration date or separator
4 bytes (YYMM format), or a 1-byte



separator if non-expiring card


Discretionary data
Variable number of bytes (optional; 



can be used by the card issuer)


End sentinel
1 byte (the ? character)


Longitudinal redundancy check
1 byte









Traditional financial cards from the banking industry, such as credit cards and debit cards, typically use both Tracks 1 and 2, with Track 2 using format code “A” or “B”. Some traditional credit and debit cards do not have Track 3 physically present on the cards as its data is not necessary for the cards' use. Eliminating Track 3 can reduce the physical size of the magnetic stripe. Traditional financial cards usually include all of the data listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Traditional gift cards typically use Track 2 with format code “B”. Those cards usually have a unique account number, but usually do not contain the name of the user in the track. Some traditional gift cards can include the amount available at the time of the original purchase in the magnetic track, and some will store the current balance on the card so that the card can be used at any terminal. However, most traditional gift cards do not have any value data stored on the card; the card merely stores the unique account number, and each terminal at the store is connected to a database, where the value of the card is associated with the unique account number.
Traditional loyalty cards typically use Track 2 with format code “B”. Like traditional gift cards, traditional loyalty cards typically include only a unique account number without storing any data about the user or any monetary value associated with the card. Most terminals which accept loyalty cards are connected to a central database which associates data about the user with the unique account number. Some traditional loyalty cards also include a barcode printed on the face of the card so that the card can be read by a barcode scanner. The barcode is representative of the unique account number of the user, and typically has no other data encoded in the barcode itself.
Many driver's licenses issued in the United States have a magnetic stripe on them. Driver's licenses typically include Tracks 1, 2, and 3. The data content of Tracks 1 and 2 are shown in Table 3. The data content of Track 3 is not entirely standardized, but Track 3 typically includes at least some of the following data categories: template number, security number, postal code, class, restrictions, endorsements, sex, height, weight, hair color, eye color, ID number, error correction, and security field.







TABLE 3







Standard Track 1 and Track 2 Data Content of US Driver's Licenses









Content of Data Field





Track 1 Data Fields



Start sentinel
1 character (usually the % character)


State or province
2 characters


City
Up to 13 characters (variable length)


Field separator
1 character (usually the {circumflex over ( )} character), unless the



City field is maxed out


Last name
Variable length


Field separator
1 character (usually the $ character)


First name
Variable length


Field separator
1 character (usually the $ character)


First name
Variable length


Field separator
1 character (usually the {circumflex over ( )} character)


Home address
Variable length (usually house number and



street)


Field separator
1 character (usually the {circumflex over ( )} character)


Discretionary data
Variable length


Start sentinel
1 character (usually the {circumflex over ( )} character)


Track 2 Data Fields



ISO issuer ID
6 characters


number



License/ID number
8 characters


Field separator
1 character (usually the = character)


Expiration date
4 characters (usually YYMM format)


Birth date
8 characters (usually YYYYMMDD format)


License/ID number
Variable length


overflow









Traditional access cards are used to provide access to the card holder to a building or other secure area. Traditional access cards typically use either a magnetic stripe or a radio transmitter to convey information to a terminal. When using a magnetic stripe, the data encoded on the magnetic stripe typically includes the user's name, an ID number associated with the user, and an access level relating to where and when the user is allowed access. When using a radio transmitter, the access card typically only includes an ID number associated with the user, and the access terminal is connected to a database which contains information about the user and the access level based on the ID number. Radio transmitters in access cards can either be “active” radio transmitters (powered by a power source on the card), or “passive” radio transmitters (powered by the radio receiver in the terminal when the card is brought into close proximity with the terminal).
Referring back to FIG. 1, universal card 110 can also include a radio communications apparatus 117 to emulate an access card which uses a radio communications apparatus. Radio communications apparatus 117 can either be a passive radio transmitter, or an active radio transmitter powered by power source 113. The ID number transmitted by the radio communications apparatus 117 can be programmed so that the universal card can programmed to emulate different traditional access cards. When programming the universal card 110 to emulate an access card, it may be desirable to verify the identity of the user prior to programming the universal card 110. Examples of user verification are discussed below.
Other types of traditional cards exist and can be emulated by universal card 110. Examples of dynamic magnetic stripes are shown in US Patent Application Publication 2005/0194452, applied for by Nordentoft et al, and 2007/0189581, applied for by Nordentoft et al. In these examples, individually inducible transducer coils are positioned within a universal card and are configurable to emulate the static magnets in a traditional magnetic stripe. The dynamic magnetic stripe 111 of the universal card can be configured to emulate any traditional static magnetic stripe, including any data or data format used by a static magnetic stripe. Thus, even if a data content format is not discussed here, dynamic magnetic stripe 111 would be capable of emulating the data content format not discussed here.
Universal card 110 may include a biometric security device 118, such as a fingerprint reader, a microphone for voice identification, or other device for input during biometric identification. The use of such biometric identification for security is discussed below.
Referring now to FIG. 3, depicted is a flowchart process for programming a universal card. To initiate power on the universal card (UC) the user may be required to take an action that may include pushing a button on card to turn it “on”, is tapped 301, or any other similar technique. The universal card's power is verified 302. If the power is not on, the user will repeat the action to initiate power 301 on the universal card again. If the power is on, the universal card and the mobile device are paired 303, establishing the short range communication link 120 (as shown in FIG. 1). The pairing is verified 304, with the pairing 303 attempted again if the pairing is not successful. Once paired, an e-wallet application on the mobile device is automatically launched 305. If the e-wallet application is not automatically launched 306, it can be manually launched 307 on the mobile device.
Before allowing access to view, change or modify the financial data associated with the e-wallet program 105 on the mobile device 100 or on the universal card 110, the user must first be authenticated 308. Authentication can take a number of forms. One form of authentication can be verification of something that the user has in their possession. In this context, one security feature could be that the mobile device 100 can only be paired with one universal card 110, and the universal card 110 will only pair to one mobile device 100. For example, if a user's mobile device 100 is lost or stolen, the universal card 110 will not pair with any other mobile device. Thus, any personal card information stored on the universal card 110 will not be accessible by another mobile device.
Another form of user authentication can be verification of something that the user knows. This can be a personal identification number (PIN), a unique identification of the user (such as a social security number), a fact about the user (such as the maiden name of the user's mother), a password, or anything else that the user can input. Yet another form of user authentication is something about the user. This can include a fingerprint, a voice identification, or other verifiable biometric.
While each of these forms of authentication can alone authenticate the user, it may be desirable to require at least two forms of authentication to ensure increased security. For example, the mobile device 100 and the universal card 110 may authenticate each other as being paired; however, this fact alone does not ensure that the person operating the devices is the authentic user. In this case, it may be advantageous to require the user to enter a password to verify that the user is authentic. In some instances, the issuer of the card may impose additional requirement depending on the circumstances that the card is being used. For example, if the card is being used to make a payment over a certain value, if the card is being used in a foreign country, or if the card issuer has reason to suspect that the use of the card is unauthorized, the issuer may require another level of authentication. In this case, if the initial authentication included pairing authentication and a user password, the issuer may require an additional biometric authentication.
Any user input required for authentication can be entered into either the universal card 110 or the mobile device 100. The universal card 110 may have a user interface (not shown), an optional biometric security device 118, or other input mechanism which allows the user to input the required value. Similarly the mobile device 100 may have a user interface 104, an optional biometric security device (not shown), or other input mechanism.
Once the user authentication 308 occurs (e.g., a password is entered), the authentication is verified 309 (the entered password is verified). If the authentication was not successful, user authentication 308 can be attempted again. If the authentication is successful, the user is prompted to select 310 an action for programming the universal card.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, it should be clear to a person skilled in the art that radio interfaces 120, 410, 430, 450, 510, and 520 may be subject to eavesdropping or other intrusive information breaches can be protected by data encryption technologies public key, private key and other known and standard methods of radio protection.
The universal card can be programmed in many ways, including three distinct modes. First, the universal card can be programmed in a “dummy card” mode, where the universal card does not itself store any of the information required for emulation of a traditional card. In this case, the user must use the mobile device to program the universal card for each use of the card. Once the universal card is used once as programmed, it would not retain that programmed setting, and it would require re-programming if it were to be used again. Second, the universal card can be programmed in a “temporary card” mode, where the universal card stores only one set of information required for emulation. The user utilizes the mobile device to program the card to emulate a specific card either for a set amount of time or number of transactions. Once programmed in this mode, the universal card would remain programmed to emulate that one card for the set time or the number of transactions. If the user wanted to change the universal card to emulate a different card, the user would need to reconnect the mobile device to reprogram the card. Third, the universal card can be programmed in a “default card” mode, where the universal card always emulates a specific card, unless programmed otherwise. In this mode, the information of the default card is saved in the universal card and the universal card is always configured to emulate the default card, unless the user re-programs the universal card to temporarily act as another card or to change to a new default card.
It may also be possible to program the universal card in different modes for the various ways in which the universal card can be used. For example, a universal card which has both a dynamic magnetic stripe and an NFC transceiver can be used to interface with both magnetic stripe readers and NFC-equipped terminals. The user may use the universal card as a public transportation pass which makes fare payments to an NFC-equipped terminal, and as a credit card with a magnetic stripe reader. In such a case the user may program the NFC transceiver to operate in a “default card” mode, always capable of emulating the public transportation pass, but program the dynamic magnetic stripe in a “dummy card” mode where the user must program the universal card with a specific credit card to emulate before each transaction.
Once the user selects 310 an action for programming, the data required for the programming action is determined 311. In order for the universal card to be programmed to emulate a magnetic stripe of a payment card, the universal card would need all the data required to be in the dynamic required stripe. The data could include all the information needed to fill Track 1 and Track 2, as discussed above and shown in Tables 1 and 2. The required data may be stored on the mobile device, the universal card, or a remote location such as a trusted service manager. If it is determined 312 that the required data is not available, the user is prompted to select 310 another action for programming.
If the required data is available, the universal card is programmed 314 to emulate the selected card with the required data. If the required data is stored only on the mobile device, the programming 314 will include transmitting the required data to the universal card via the short range communication link. If the required data is stored on the universal card, the programming 314 need only include configuring the appropriate device (e.g., dynamic magnetic stripe, short range transceiver, radio transmitter, etc) properly for emulation.
Referring to FIG. 4, depicted are interactions between the mobile device 100 and the universal card 110, and between the universal card 110 and three different types of terminals 400, 420, and 440. As discussed above, the mobile device 100 communicates with the universal card 110 via a short range communications link 120 to program the universal card 110 for emulation of traditional cards. The universal card 110, in turn, can communicate with terminals 400, 420, and 440 in a number of ways. It is important to note that, once universal card 110 is programmed, the short range communications link 120 between the mobile device 100 and the universal card 110 need not be established for the universal card 110 to interact with the terminals 400, 420, and 440.
Terminal 400 is equipped with a magnetic stripe reader 401 which can read the dynamic magnetic stripe 111 of the universal card 110 when it is swiped 410 through the magnetic stripe reader 401. The magnetic stripe reader 401 can read any of the data written to the dynamic magnetic stripe 111. Terminal 420 is equipped with a short range transceiver 421 which can establish a short range communication link 430 between the universal card 110 and the terminal 420. Any required data can be transmitted from the universal card 110 to the terminal 420 via the short range communication link 430. Terminal 440 is equipped with a radio receiver 241 which can receive data sent from the radio transmitter 117 of the universal card 110. Any required data can be transmitted from the universal card 110 to the terminal 440 via the radio link 450.
One potential problem with the e-wallet software 105 on the mobile device 100 is that large amounts of information may need to be inputted into the e-wallet software 105. The user interface 104 may not be convenient for entry of the large amounts of information. Also, management of the information in the e-wallet software 105 may also not be convenient via the user interface 104. To address this issue, a personal computer 500 can be used.
Referring to FIG. 5, depicted is an exemplary system including the personal computer 500, the mobile device 100, and the universal card 110. The personal computer can include a processor 501, memory 502, a power source 503, a user interface 504, the e-wallet software 505, and a communications port 506. The processor 501, memory 502, power source 503, and user interface 504 are all similar in function to the corresponding components of the mobile device 100, as discussed above. The e-wallet software 505 can be the same or similar to e-wallet software 105 of the mobile device 110. The user may enter data and manage the card data in e-wallet software 505 in the same way the user would use e-wallet software 105.
When the user enters data or makes changes in the management of e-wallet software 505, the e-wallet software 105 on the mobile device 100 must be updated to reflect the new and/or changed data. In order to make these updates, a communication link 510 can be established between the communication port 506 of the personal computer 500 and the communication port 107 of the mobile device 100. The communication link 510 can be any type of wired or wireless link, including a serial cable, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN), a wired or wireless wide area network (WAN), a short range communication link, a radio link, or any similar connection. Alternatively, a communication link 520 can be established between a short range transceiver 507 of the personal computer 500 and the short range transceiver 106 of the mobile device 100.
Once a communication link is established between the personal computer 500 and the mobile device 100, the data in e-wallet software 505 and the e-wallet software 105 can be synchronized. It is important to note that the short range communication link 120 between the universal card 110 and the mobile device 100 need not be active for the link 510 or the link 520 to be established between the personal computer 500 and the mobile device 100.
Referring to FIG. 6, depicted is a flowchart process for managing universal card data using mobile device 100. The e-wallet software is launched 601 on the mobile device. Before the user is given access to the e-wallet software, the user must first login and be authenticated 602. Authentication here can be the same or similar to the forms of authentication discussed above. A determination is made whether the authentication is successful 603. If not successful, the user is prompted to login and authenticate 602 again. If the authentication is successful, the user is allowed to control 604 the e-wallet software a user interface of the mobile device.
The control 604 of the e-wallet software includes anything that the user may need to do to prepare for programming the universal card or to program the universal card. The user can enter data associated with a traditional card or with a financial account. The user can manage the entered data such as by naming a particular account or traditional card, setting a default card, or any other management action needed.
After the user enters data, the data is verified 605. The verification can include determining whether sufficient data has been entered for emulation of a traditional card, or whether the data entered matches the data of the card issuer. If the data is not verified, the user is allowed to reenter data 604. If the data is verified, the data is encrypted 606 for storage. Encrypting the data for storage is another form of security, as someone that gains access to the encrypted data cannot recover the entered data without knowing how to decrypt the encrypted data. After the data is encrypted, the encrypted data can be stored 607 to the mobile device.
A determination 608 is made as to whether the encrypted data should be uploaded to the personal computer. If the encrypted data will not be uploaded, no further action is required. If the encrypted data will be uploaded to the personal computer, the communication connection between the mobile device and the personal computer is either established or checked 609. If the connection to the computer is not verified 610, another attempt to establish 609 the connection can be attempted. Once the connection to the computer is verified 610, the encrypted data can be uploaded and saved 611 to the personal computer.
Referring to FIG. 7, depicted is a flowchart process for managing universal card data using personal computer 500. Many of the steps are similar to those depicted in FIG. 6. The PC version of the e-wallet software is launched 701. The user goes through login and authentication 702 which is verified 703. Once the user authentication is verified, the user can control 704 the e-wallet software via a user interface of the personal computer. The control on the personal computer is the same as the control on the mobile device, except that the user may prefer to use the user interface of the personal computer to the user interface of the mobile device.
Data entered on the personal computer can be verified 705. Once verified, the data is encrypted 706 for storage. The encrypted data is stored 707 on the personal computer. A determination 708 is made as to whether the encrypted data should be uploaded to the mobile. If the encrypted data will not be uploaded to the mobile device, the no further action is required. If the encrypted data will be uploaded, the communication connection between the mobile device and the personal computer is either established or checked 709. If the connection to the computer is not verified 710, another attempt to establish 709 the connection can be attempted. Once the connection to the computer is verified 710, the encrypted data can be uploaded and saved 711 to the mobile device.
The visible sides of a universal card may be designed in a number of ways to provide a user with access to information or components of the universal card. FIG. 8A depicts one design of the front of a universal card 800. The front of the universal card 800 can have a brand area 801 which can be used to identify the brand of the universal card issuer, the brand of a wireless carrier, the brand of a sponsor, any other brand, or any combination of those brands. The front of the universal card 800 can have the name of the card holder 802 on the face of the card to identify the user. The front of the universal card 800 can also have a display 803 which could be used at various times to display an account number, an expiration date, a card issuer logo, any other information, or any combination of these types of information. The front of the universal card 800 could also include a biometric security reader 804, such as a fingerprint reader, which is used to authenticate the user.
FIGS. 8B, 8C, and 8D depict other possible designs for the front of a universal card. FIG. 8B depicts the front of a universal card 810 which is similar to the front of universal card 800, including a brand area 811, the name of the card holder 812, a display 813, and a biometric security reader 814. The front of the front of the universal card 810 can also have an EMV chip 815 which is a required component of cards in some markets including some European markets. FIG. 8C depicts the front of a universal card 820 which is similar to the front of universal card 800, including a brand area 821, the name of the card holder 822, and a biometric security reader 824; however, the front of universal card 820 does not include a display. FIG. 8B depicts the front of a universal card 830 which similar to the front of universal card 800, including a brand area 831, the name of the card holder 832, a display 833, and a biometric security reader 834. The front of universal card 830 also shows that the name of the card holder 832 and the display 833 can be located in various locations on the front of a universal card.
FIG. 9 depicts one design of the back of a universal card 900. The back of universal card 900 can include a dynamic magnetic stripe 901 for interacting with a terminal, a signature area 902 which displays the signature of the card holder, and a brand area 903. Similar to the brand area 801 described above, brand area 903 can be used to identify the brand of the universal card issuer, the brand of a wireless carrier, the brand of a sponsor, any other brand, or any combination of those brands.
FIGS. 10A and 10B depict an embodiment of a universal integrated circuit card. In general, an integrated circuit card (also sometimes referred to as a “contact card,” an “IC card,” a “chip and PIN card,” an “EMV card,” and so forth) is a card that has an embedded integrated circuit and can be authenticated automatically using a PIN. To reduce fraud, banks and retailers are replacing traditional magnetic stripe equipment with integrated circuit cards. When a customer wishes to pay for goods using this system, the card is placed into a “PIN pad” terminal or a modified swipe-card reader, which accesses the chip on the card. Once the card has been verified as authentic, the customer enters a PIN, which is submitted to the chip on the integrated circuit cards. The chip verifies whether the PIN is correct and replies accordingly to the terminal. Integrated circuit cards have been effective to significantly cut card-present (face-to-face) fraud.
The EMV standard is one standard that has been developed for integrated circuit cards; the EMV standard defines the physical, electrical, data, and application interactions between an integrated circuit card and the terminal. As mentioned above, an EMV chip is a required component of cards in some markets including some European markets. Other forms of integrated circuit cards, such as the Chip and PIN system, are used in other markets.
Increasingly it is becoming important for US citizens to have a card with both a magnetic stripe and an integrated circuit, so that when a person is traveling internationally it is easier for them to pay with a US credit card. In many countries, merchants reject credit cards with only a magnetic stripe. Thus, in order for a universal card to be usable world-wide, it must also include an integrated circuit. One difficulty with including an embedded integrated circuit with a universal card is that the integrated circuit can be associated only with a single credit or debit card.
Referring back to FIGS. 10A and 10B depict an embodiment of a universal integrated circuit card 1000. The universal integrated circuit card 1000 has a front 1010 that can include an EMV chip 1011. The front of the card 1010 can also include features such as the card holder's name 1012, a display 1013, and a brand area 1014. The universal integrated circuit card 1000 also has a back 1020 that can include a dynamic magnetic stripe 1021. The back of the card 1020 can also include features such as a signature area 1022 and a brand area 1023. The universal integrated circuit card 1000 can include any or all of the features described above with respect to universal card 110. Thus, the universal integrated circuit card 1000 can communicate with a mobile device be programmed to emulate traditional magnetic stripe cards using the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021, and the universal integrated circuit card 1000 can interact with point-of-sale terminals that include magnetic stripe readers, short range transceivers, radio communication apparatuses, and the like. In addition, the EMV chip 1011 of universal integrated circuit card 1000 can be associated with a default credit or debit card. In this configuration, the universal integrated circuit card 1000 can be used with the default credit or debit card associated with the EMV chip 1011 at any terminal that requires an EMV chip and the universal integrated circuit card 1000 can be used to emulate any other card using the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021, a short range transceiver (not shown), a radio communication apparatus (not shown), or similar communication mechanism.
When a user orders or otherwise obtains a universal card 1000, the user can select or order a universal card 1000 that has an EMV chip 1011 associated with a particular default credit or debit card. The default credit or debit card associated with the EMV chip 1011 can be the same or different from a default card associated with the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021. For example, the user may have a VISA credit card that is the default card for the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021 and the same VISA credit card may be the default card associated with the EMV chip 1011. In this example, the user is accessing the same VISA credit card whether the transaction uses the EMV chip 1011 or whether the transaction uses the default card associated with the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021. In another example, the user may have a DISCOVER credit card that is the default card for the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021 and the user may have a MASTERCARD credit card that may be the default card associated with the EMV chip 1011. This example may be ideal for a user who lives in the United States and frequently wants to use the DISCOVER credit card for purchases at magnetic swipe terminals in the United States, but also frequently travels to Europe and wants to use the MASTERCARD credit card for purchases at EMV terminals in Europe. In either example, while the EMV chip may not be dynamically programmable, the universal integrated circuit card 1000 would still be programmable to emulate other cards, such as an AMERICAN EXPRESS credit card, using the dynamic magnetic stripe 1021, a short range transceiver, or a radio communication apparatus.
Referring now to FIGS. 11A and 11B, depicted is another embodiment of a universal card 1100. The universal card 1100 has a front 1110 that can optionally include a card holder's name 1111, a display 1112, and a brand area 1113. The universal card 1100 also has a back 1120 that can include a dynamic magnetic stripe 1121. The back of the card 1120 can also include features such as a signature area 1122 and a brand area 1123. The universal integrated circuit card 1100 can also include a secure element 1130, which can be located on the front, the back, or in the interior of universal integrated circuit card 1100.
A secure element 1130 is a tamper-proof smart card chip capable of embedding smart card grade applications, such as bank cards, credit cards, transportation cards, and the like, with the level of security required by financial institutions. Secure elements have been included in some computing devices, such as smart phones, as an independent part of the computing system which stores data associated with traditional cards and runs any software applications that use the traditional card data. Card issuers typically require this independent secure element to be in the computing device to ensure the security of the traditional card data and to protect against fraud. This requirement puts a limitation on developers and distributors of software application that use traditional card data because the ability to use such software applications is limited to computing devices which have secure elements. For example, a software developer may create a software application that runs in a cell phone operating system, such as the ANDROID operating system. The ANDROID operating system is available for use on a wide variety of cell phone models, only a few of which have secure element hardware. Thus, the software application will be limited to use on only those cell phone models that have a secure element and cannot be used on ANDROID cell phones that do not have a secure element.
In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the universal card 1100 includes a secure element 1130 in the card. The universal card 1100 can communicate with any computing device, regardless of whether the computing device has a secure element. In the case where the universal card is in communication with a cell phone that does not have a secure element, the universal card 1100 can make secure element 1130 available for use by the cell phone. Thus, a user will be able to use software applications on the cell phone that require a secure element by utilizing the secure element 1130 of the universal card 1100 while the cell phone is in communication with the universal card 1100. Furthermore, the user can enter traditional card information into the cell phone while the cell phone is in communication with the universal card 1100, the traditional card data can be communicated to the secure element 1130 of the universal card 1100 for storage, and the cell phone can later access the traditional card data in the secure element 1130 of the universal card 1100 in the same or a later communication session. Including a secure element 1130 in universal card 1100 solves the issues associated with computing devices that do not have a secure element. In addition, including a secure element 1130 in universal card 1100 allows banks and card issuers to have greater control of the use of secure elements. Currently, when mobile device manufacturers include secure elements in mobile devices, banks and card issuers must negotiate with the manufacturers to be able to have access to and use of the secure element. However, moving the secure element to a universal card 1100 which is under control of the bank or card issuer eliminates the need for the bank to negotiate with the manufacturer of a mobile device to have access to a secure element regardless of whether the mobile device also has a secure element.
Referring now to FIGS. 12A and 12B, depicted is another embodiment of a universal card 1200 having a secure element and an EMV chip. The universal card 1200 has a front 1210 that can optionally include a card holder's name 1211, a display 1212, and EMV chip 1213, and a brand area 1214. The universal card 1200 also has a back 1220 that can include a dynamic magnetic stripe 1221. The back of the card 1220 can also include features such as a signature area 1222 and a brand area 1223. The universal integrated circuit card 1200 can also include a secure element 1230.
Referring now to FIG. 13, depicted is an embodiment of a universal card 1300 with a power indicator 1310. The power indicator 1310 indicates to the user that the universal card 1300 is ready to be used in a transaction. The power indicator 1310 can indicate that the universal card 1300 can be used with either or both of a magnetic stripe reader and a contactless payment terminal. The power indicator 1310 can be any visual indicator, such as an LED light, a color indicator, and the like. In the embodiment of an LED light, the LED light can be illuminated when the card is active (i.e., ready to emulate a traditional card as either or both of a magnetic swipe card or a contactless payment card) and the LED light can be off when the card is inactive. A power indicator 1310 on universal card 1300 can replace the need for the universal card 1310 to have a display, thereby reducing the overall cost to make and sell the universal card 1310. As depicted in FIG. 13, the power indicator 1310 can be located on a front 1320 of universal card 1300. Optionally, the front 1320 of universal card 1300 can also include the card holder's name 1321 and a brand area 1322. In another embodiment not depicted in FIG. 13, a power indicator can be located on a back of universal card 1300.
One benefit associated with the use of a power indicator 1310 is that a card holder will know that the card is active when attempting to use the card. As discussed above, a universal card can be programmed to emulate a default card unless programmed otherwise by the card holder. In this situation, the card holder may assume that the universal card can be used at any moment as the default card. However, the universal card may be programmed to be inactive when not in use in order to conserve battery power. If the universal card is inactive and there is no power indicator, the card holder may assume that an inactive card is always active and attempt to use the inactive universal card as the default card. Having a power indicator 1310 on the universal card 1300 allows the user to easily determine whether the universal card 1300 is active and ready for use.
Referring now to FIG. 14, depicted is an embodiment of a universal card 1400 with a switch 1410. The switch 1410 enables the user to activate or deactivate the universal card 1400. Having a switch 1410 on the universal card 1400 eliminates the need for the user to interact with a mobile device in communication with the universal card 1400 to activate the universal card 1400. For example, the universal card 1400 may be programmed to emulate a default card unless programmed otherwise by the card holder. If the card holder simply wants to use the universal card 1400 to emulate the default card, the card holder can activate the universal card 1400 using the switch 1410 and not have to use a mobile device in communication with the universal card 1400 to activate the universal card 1400. The switch can be especially useful if the user's mobile device is out of battery power or otherwise malfunctioning. When the universal card 1400 is activated using the switch 1410, the universal card 1400 can retrieve the information for the default card from a secure element in universal card 1400. Thus, no exchange of information between a mobile device and universal card 1400 is necessary to activate universal card 1400 to be the default card using the switch 1410.
A bank or card issuer of a universal card may take advantage of the default card feature of the universal card. The bank or card issuer may require the consumer to download and use its e-wallet software application to interface with the universal card. That e-wallet software may require that the default card of the universal card is a default card which is issued by the bank or card issuer. For example, if a bank issues the universal card and requires the consumer to download the bank's e-wallet software, the bank's e-wallet software may allow the consumer to select only one of the bank's cards, such as a debit card associated with the bank or a credit card associated with the bank, as the default card. In this scenario, each of the default cards associated with the universal card, including a default card for an EMV chip, a default card for a dynamic magnetic stripe, and a default card for contactless payment, may be a card associated with the bank. Arranging for all of the default cards to be associated with the bank is a valuable position for the bank because the easiest way for the consumer to use the universal card is by using the universal card as one of the default cards without using a mobile device to change the universal card to a non-default card.
The switch 1410 can take any number of forms. As depicted in FIG. 14, the switch 1410 could be a button on the exterior of universal card 1400, such as on a front 1420 of universal card 1400. Optionally, the front 1420 of universal card 1400 can also include the card holder's name 1421 and a brand area 1422. In another embodiment not depicted in FIG. 14, a switch can be located on a back of universal card 1400. In addition, the universal card 1400 could include both a switch 1410 and a power indicator (not shown in FIG. 14). This combination would allow the card holder to activate the universal card 1400 using the switch 1410 and visually see that the universal card 1400 has been activated. In another form of the switch not depicted in FIG. 14, the switch 1410 could be snap switch on the interior of the card. A snap switch can detect bending and/or tapping of the universal card 1400. Using a snap switch, in order for the card holder to activate the card, the card holder would slightly bend and/or tap the card until the universal card is active. In the embodiment of a snap switch, a power indicator on the card may be particularly helpful so that the card hold knows when the card has been sufficiently bent and/or tapped to trigger the snap switch.
Referring now to FIGS. 15A and 15B, depicted are ways to add traditional card data to a secure element of a universal card. As shown in FIG. 15A, a card holder can have one or more traditional cards 1510. The user can swipe the one or more traditional cards 1510 through a magnetic stripe reader 1520 which reads the traditional card data from the swiped magnetic stripe. The magnetic stripe reader 1520 is connected to a mobile device 1530 which is configured to receive the traditional card data from the magnetic stripe reader 1520. The connection between the magnetic stripe reader 1520 and the mobile device 1530 may be a wired connection or wireless connection. The mobile device 1530 can be connected to a universal card 1540 which has a secure element 1541 via a short range communication link. The mobile device 1530 is configured to transmit the traditional card data received from the magnetic stripe reader 1520 to the universal card 1540 without storing the traditional card data, and the universal card 1540 is configured to store the traditional card data in the secure element 1541. In one embodiment of the connection between the magnetic stripe reader 1520 and the mobile device 1530, the magnetic stripe reader 1520 has a headphone connector which is configured to connect to a headphone port of the mobile device 1530, and the mobile device 1530 is configured to receive the traditional card data from the magnetic stripe reader 1520 via the headphone port.
As shown in FIG. 15B, a computing device 1550 can store traditional card data in storage 1551. The computing device 1550 can also have a processor 1552 and other computing hardware and/or software. The computing device 1550 can be controlled and secured by a bank, by a traditional card issuer, or by another entity. The computing device 1550 is connected to a mobile device 1570 via a network 1560. The network 1560 can be a wired network, a wireless network, or any combination of wired and wireless networks, including one or more of the internet, a cellular phone network, a wi-fi network, a local area network, a wide area network, and the like. The mobile device 1570 is configured to receive the traditional card data from the computing device 1550 via the network 1560. The computing device may encrypt the traditional card data prior to transmission via the network 1560. The mobile device 1570 can be connected to a universal card 1580 which has a secure element 1581 via a short range communication link. The mobile device 1570 is configured to transmit the traditional card data received from the computing device 1550 to the universal card 1580 without storing the traditional card data, and the universal card 1580 is configured to store the traditional card data in the secure element 1581.
Another way that a secure element of a universal card can be loaded with traditional card data is by the card issuer pre-loading the traditional card data on the secure element before the card is given to the consumer. The card issuer may have information about some or all of the consumer's traditional cards and can pre-load the secure element of a card with the traditional card data. In one example, the card issuer may be a bank and the consumer may have a debit card associated with the bank and a credit card associated with the bank. The bank may pre-load into the secure element of a universal card traditional card data corresponding to each of the debit card and the credit card before sending the universal card to the consumer. When the consumer receives the card, the universal card will already be configurable to emulate the debit card and the credit card. In one embodiment, the bank may also designate one of the debit card and the credit card as the default card for the universal card before sending the universal card to the consumer. In this embodiment, the universal card may be immediately available to the consumer for use as the default card without having to interface the universal card with a mobile device. Setting the default card to a traditional card associated with the bank gives the bank the valued position of having its traditional card be the easiest way for the consumer to use the universal card.
Referring now to FIG. 15C, depicted is a way to use a universal card with a mobile device that includes a secure element. Traditional card data 1590 can be communicated to a mobile device 1591. The traditional card data 1590 can be communicated by swiping traditional card through a magnetic stripe reader which communicates the traditional card data to mobile device 1591, similar to the depiction in FIG. 15A, or traditional card data 1590 can be communicated from a computing device to mobile device 1591 via a network, similar to the depiction in FIG. 15B. Mobile device 1591 can include a secure element 1592 which is configured to securely and independently store the traditional card data. The mobile device 1591 can be configured to send instructions to a universal card 1593 to program the universal card 1593 to emulate a traditional card. The instructions sent from the mobile device 1591 to the universal card 1593 can include confidential traditional card data from the secure element 1592 which is necessary for the universal card 1593 to emulate the traditional card. The instructions sent from the mobile device 1591 to the universal card 1593 can include instructions for the universal card to emulate either or both of a magnetic stripe of the traditional card and a contactless payment form of the traditional card.
Referring back to FIG. 1, a mobile device 100 can be configured to communicate with a universal card 110 that has a secure element 119 via a short range communication link 120. As described above, a secure element 119 is an independent part of the universal card 110 which stores data associated with traditional cards and maintains that traditional card data securely. The mobile device 100 can include e-wallet software 105 that provides a user interface which allows a user to program the universal card 110. In one embodiment, the secure element 119 of the universal card 110 stores confidential traditional card data associated with a VISA credit card and a DISCOVER credit card. The confidential traditional card data in the secure element 119 can include any information necessary to emulate the VISA credit card and the DISCOVER credit card, such as an account number, a card number, a card holder's name, an expiration date, a card verification value 2 (CVV2), information stored on the magnetic stripe of the traditional cards, and any other required information. The e-wallet software 105 may not store the confidential traditional card data because banking requirements may not permit the confidential traditional card data to be stored on the mobile device 100. However, the mobile device 100 may store non-confidential data for each of the traditional cards. For example, the mobile device 100 may store a nickname associated with each traditional card, the last 4 digits of the traditional card number, an image associated with the issuer of each traditional card, and so forth. By storing non-confidential traditional card data in mobile device 100, the e-wallet software 105 can permit the user to select which traditional card the universal card 110 shown emulate by displaying some or all of the non-confidential traditional card data. For example, the e-wallet software 105 may display two buttons respectively labeled as “VISA **** **** **** 1234” and “DISCOVER **** **** **** 9876.” The user can select either of the two traditional credit card options. In response, the mobile device 100 sends a signal to universal card 110 indicating that the universal card should emulate the selected traditional credit card. In one embodiment, the universal card 110 configures both the dynamic magnetic stripe 111 to emulate the magnetic stripe of the selected traditional credit card and the short range transceiver 116 to emulate the selected traditional credit with a contactless payment terminal. In this manner, the user needs only to select the desired traditional card using the e-wallet software 105, without having to make a selection of magnetic stripe or contactless payment, and the user can use the traditional card with either a magnetic swipe terminal or a contactless payment terminal.
When the universal card 110 is in communication with the mobile device 110, the universal card 110 may send notifications back to mobile device 100. For example, if a battery in universal card 110 is low, the universal card 110 can send a low battery signal to the mobile device 100. The mobile device 100 or the e-wallet software 105 can be configured to display a warning message to the user. The mobile device 100 or the e-wallet software 105 can also be configured to communicate to the issuer of the universal card 110 that the universal card 110 needs to be replaced. In another example of a notification, a VISA card may have been selected as a default card for the universal card 110, but the user may have programmed the universal card 110 to emulate a DISCOVER card for a three-hour period and then revert back to the default VISA card. This situation may occur when the user is planning to spend several hours at a shopping mall and wants to use the DISCOVER card while at the mall. At or near the end of the three-hour period, the universal card 110 may send a signal to the mobile device that the universal card 110 is about to revert back to the default VISA card. The mobile device 100 or the e-wallet software 105 can be configured to display a warning message or sound and alarm to the user so that the user is aware of the reversion back to the VISA card.
One issue with using a mobile device 100 to interface with a universal card 110, and any confidential data stored in a secured element of the universal card, is the need for authentication. Several forms of authentication are discussed above. Authentication may also vary based on the configuration of the mobile device 100. For example, a mobile device 100 may be secured such that a user of the mobile device must be authenticated each time the user unlocks the mobile device 100. In this case, the e-wallet software 105 may recognize that the user has already been authenticated when the mobile device 100 was unlocked, and the e-wallet software 105 may not need to require authentication when the user initially interfaces with the e-wallet software 105. In another example, a user may be able to unlock the mobile device 100 without any authentication. In this case, any person may be able to unlock the device and start the e-wallet software 105. Here, the e-wallet software 105 may recognize that the user has not been authenticated when the mobile device 100 was unlocked, and the e-wallet software 105 may require the user to be authenticated when the user initially interfaces with the e-wallet software 105.
The issuer of the universal card 110 may have interest in making the universal card 110 available for interacting with e-wallet software created by other individuals or entities. In order to allow such third-party software to be created, the issuer may create an application programming interface (API) or software developer kit (SDK) which provides a framework of rules and specifications for interacting with the universal card 110. The API or SDK can be provided to third party software developers to enable them to create e-wallet software applications that successfully interact with the universal card 110.
The dynamic magnetic stripe 111 of universal card 110 may be used in a number of ways that are not available to static magnetic stripe cards. As discussed above, magnetic stripe cards have three standard track layouts: Track 1, Track 2, and Track 3. Various implementations of magnetic stripes have standard fields in certain tracks while leaving other portions of tracks available for other uses. Having a dynamic magnetic stripe 111 in a universal card 110 allows the non-standardized portions of the tracks to communicate data to a terminal that cannot be communicated by a static magnetic stripe of a traditional card. In one embodiment, a card holder may want to pay with a credit card and use one or more coupons in the same transaction. In a traditional setting, the card holder would present physical coupons to a cashier, the cashier would enter the coupons, and the card holder's traditional card would be swiped for payment. In contrast, an e-wallet application 105 can manage digital coupons for a user. Using the mobile device 100 and e-wallet application 105, the user can select one or more coupons to be used in a transaction, and a corresponding signal can be communicated to the universal card 110. The signal can also include an indication of a traditional card for the universal card 110 to emulate. When universal card 110 configures the dynamic stripe 111 to emulate a traditional card magnetic stripe, the universal card 110 can also include the coupon information in one of the non-standardized portions of the tracks. The universal card 110 can be swiped in a magnetic stripe reader which is configured to identify the data in the non-standardized portions of the tracks. The magnetic stripe reader may apply the coupon to the transaction prior to charging the transaction to the account associated with the traditional card emulated by the universal card 110.
Another example of using the non-standardized portions of the tracks includes using a dynamic authentication value to authenticate the transaction. To prevent fraudulent transactions, traditional contactless cards can generate dynamic data every time they are read. Dynamic data generation per read provides logical security and inhibits fraudulent replay of contactless card data that may have been previously read. For example, contactless credit, debit and prepaid payment card data includes a dynamic card verification number, sometimes referred to “CVC,” “CVV,” or “dynamic CVV,” or transaction certificate (for EMV cards). The dynamic authentication value is unique for every transaction. One way of the dynamic authentication value to be generated is using a secret key stored in secured memory of the card, a random number, a transaction counter, and a specific algorithm. Other ways of generating the dynamic authentication value are possible. The dynamic authentication value is generated dynamically every time a traditional contactless card is read for a transaction and the dynamic authentication value can be authenticated by a payment terminal contacting the issuer of the card to verify the dynamic authentication value. However, dynamic authentication values cannot be used with traditional static magnetic stripe cards because the static magnetic stripe cannot produce a unique dynamic authentication value each time the magnetic stripe is swiped for a transaction. The use of a dynamic magnetic stripe 111 in universal card 110 allows a dynamic authentication value unique to each transaction to be written to the non-standardized portions of the tracks. In this manner, a universal card 110 can generate a dynamic authentication value in the same manner as traditional contactless cards and write the generated dynamic authentication value to one of the non-standardized portions of the tracks. The universal card 110 can be swiped in a magnetic stripe reader which is configured to identify the dynamic authentication value in the non-standardized portions of the tracks and authenticate the transaction with the card issuer. In another embodiment, the traditional card may have a field on the static magnetic stripe for a CVV value. When the universal card is configured to emulate the traditional card that normally has a static CVV value field, the universal card may generate a dynamic authentication value and write the dynamic authentication value in the field typically used for the static CVV value. The dynamic authentication value could have the same format as the static CVV and be located in the same location that the static CVV field would be located in the static magnetic stripe of the traditional card. In this scenario, there would be no need to reconfigure the terminal with the magnetic stripe reader because it would already be configured to read a value from the static CVV field location. Using dynamic authentication values with traditional magnetic stripe reader terminals allows for the added security of the dynamic authentication value authentication without requiring terminals to add a contactless payment terminal to the magnetic stripe reader.
When the universal card can be configured to emulate multiple traditional cards, some of issuers of the traditional cards will be capable of authenticating a dynamic authentication value while others of the issuers of the traditional cards will only be capable of authenticating a static authentication value. The secure element may store with the traditional card data, an indication as to whether a static authentication value or a dynamic authentication value should be used when emulating each traditional card.
The above includes descriptions of a mobile device and a universal card. A mobile device can be any computing device, such as a mobile phone, a Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), an iPod, an MP3 player, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personal computer and similar mobile devices. Any of these mobile devices can have short range communication mechanisms, such as a NFC transceiver or a Bluetooth transceiver, which permits the mobile device to communicate with a universal card.
The various techniques described herein may be implemented with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the disclosed embodiments, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium. When the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the disclosed embodiments. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computer will generally include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device and at least one output device. One or more programs are preferably implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.
The foregoing description has set forth various embodiments of the apparatus and methods via the use of diagrams and examples. While the present disclosure has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present disclosure without deviating there from. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims. Additional features of this disclosure are set forth in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A universal card configured to emulate a traditional card when interacting with a terminal, the universal card comprising:
a short range transceiver configured to connect to a mobile computing device via a short range wireless communication link and to receive instructions for programming the universal card to emulate one of a plurality of traditional cards via the short range communication link, wherein the universal card is configured to determine whether the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card in response to a connection with the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, wherein the universal car is configured to permit communication between the mobile computing device and the universal card only if the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card;
a dynamic magnetic stripe capable of emulating a static magnetic stripe of each of the plurality of traditional cards; and
an EMV chip configured to interact with an EMV chip enabled terminal, wherein the EMV chip is associated with a default traditional card of the plurality of traditional cards, wherein the EMV chip complies with the EMV standard;
wherein, in response to receiving a request to emulate one of the plurality of traditional cards from the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, the universal card is configured to cause the dynamic magnetic stripe to emulate a static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards.

2. The universal card of claim 1, wherein the short range transceiver is either an NFC transceiver or a Bluetooth transceiver.

3. The universal card of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traditional cards comprises the default traditional card.

4. The universal card of claim 1, further comprising:
a second short range transceiver, wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one of a plurality of traditional cards by configuring the second short range transceiver to emulate a short range transmitter of the traditional card.

5. The universal card of claim 4, wherein the universal card is configured to configure the dynamic magnetic stripe to emulate the static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards and to configure the second short range transceiver to emulate the short range transmitter of the traditional card upon receiving the instructions for programming the universal card to emulate the one of the plurality of traditional cards.

6. The universal card of claim 1, further comprising:
a radio communications apparatus, wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one of the plurality of traditional cards by configuring the radio communications apparatus to emulate a radio communications apparatus of the traditional card.

7. The universal card of claim 1, further comprising:
a secure element configured to store traditional card data received from the computing device via the short range communication link.

8. The universal card of claim 7, wherein the computing device comprises an e-wallet application configured to manage the traditional card data.

9. The universal card of claim 1, wherein the computing device is configured to encrypt traditional card data prior to transmitting the traditional card data to the universal card.

10. The universal card of claim 1, wherein a second default traditional card is associated with the dynamic magnetic stripe.

11. The universal card of claim 10, wherein the default traditional card and the second default traditional card are the same traditional card.

12. The universal card of claim 1, further comprising:
a power indicator configured to indicate whether the universal card is active.

13. The universal card of claim 1, further comprising:
a switch configured to activate the universal card.

14. The universal card of claim 13, wherein the switch is a snap switch.

15. The universal card of claim 14, further comprising:
a power indicator configured to indicate whether the universal card is active.

16. The universal card of claim 1, wherein the universal card is configured to include coupon information in the dynamic magnetic stripe when the dynamic magnetic stripe is configured to emulate the static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards.

17. The universal card of claim 1, wherein the short range transceiver is further configured to send a warning signal to the computing device via the short range communication link.

18. The universal card of claim 17, wherein the warning signal is indicative of a power level or indicative of a change in emulation of the one of the plurality of traditional cards by the universal card.

19. A universal card configured to emulate a traditional card when interacting with a terminal, the universal card comprising:
a short range transceiver configured to connect to a mobile computing device via a short range wireless communication link, wherein the universal card is configured to determine whether the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card in response to a connection with the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, wherein the universal card is configured to permit communication between the mobile computing device and the universal card only if the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card;
a dynamic magnetic stripe capable of emulating a static magnetic stripe of each of a plurality of traditional cards; and
a secure element configured to store card data received from the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, wherein the secure element is configured to store the card data in accordance with a pre-established level of security;
wherein, in response to receiving a request to emulate one of the plurality of traditional cards from the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, the universal card is configured to cause the dynamic magnetic stripe to emulate a static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards using the card data stored in the secure element.

20. The universal card of claim 19, wherein the short range transceiver is either an NFC transceiver or a Bluetooth transceiver.

21. The universal card of claim 19, wherein a default traditional card is associated with the dynamic magnetic stripe.

22. The universal card of claim 21, wherein the plurality of traditional cards comprises the default traditional card.

23. The universal card of claim 19, further comprising:
a second short range transceiver, wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one of the plurality of traditional cards by configuring the second short range transceiver to emulate a short range transmitter of the traditional card.

24. The universal card of claim 23, wherein the universal card is configured to configure the dynamic magnetic stripe to emulate the static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards and to configure the second short range transceiver to emulate the short range transmitter of the traditional card upon receiving the instructions for programming the universal card to emulate the one of the plurality of traditional cards.

25. The universal card of claim 19, further comprising:
a radio communications apparatus, wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one of the plurality of traditional cards by configuring the radio communications apparatus to emulate a radio communications apparatus of the traditional card.

26. The universal card of claim 19, wherein the computing device comprises an e-wallet application configured to manage the traditional card data.

27. The universal card of claim 19, wherein the computing device is configured to encrypt traditional card data prior to transmitting the traditional card data to the universal card.

28. The universal card of claim 19, further comprising:
a power indicator configured to indicate whether the universal card is active.

29. The universal card of claim 19, further comprising:
a switch configured to activate the universal card.

30. The universal card of claim 29, wherein the switch is a snap switch.

31. The universal card of claim 30, further comprising:
a power indicator configured to indicate whether the universal card is active.

32. The universal card of claim 19, wherein the universal card is configured to include coupon information in the dynamic magnetic stripe when the dynamic magnetic stripe is configured to emulate the static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards.

33. The universal card of claim 19, wherein the short range transceiver is further configured to send a warning signal to the computing device via the short range communication link.

34. The universal card of claim 33, wherein the warning signal is indicative of a power level or indicative of a change in emulation of the one of the plurality of traditional cards by the universal card.

35. A method of using a mobile computing device to communicate traditional card data to a universal card, the traditional card data comprising information about one or more traditional cards, the method comprising:
receiving, by the mobile computing device, the traditional card data;
establishing a wireless communication link between the mobile computing device and the universal card, wherein the universal card comprises a secure element configured to store the traditional card data in accordance with a pre-established level of security, wherein the universal card is configured to determine whether the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card in response to a connection with the mobile computing device via the wireless communication link, and wherein the universal card is configured to permit communication between the mobile computing device and the universal card only if the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card; and
transmitting, from the computing device to the universal card, the traditional card data, wherein the universal card is configured to store the traditional card data in the secure element upon receiving the traditional card data;
wherein, in response to receiving a request to emulate one of a plurality of traditional cards from the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, the universal card is configured to cause a dynamic magnetic stripe of the universal card to emulate a static magnetic stripe of the one of the plurality of traditional cards using the traditional card data stored in the secure element.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein receiving the traditional card data comprises receiving the traditional card data from a magnetic stripe reader.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the magnetic stripe reader is connected to a headphone port of the computing device.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein receiving the traditional card data comprises receiving the traditional card data from a remote computing device via a network.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the network comprises one or more of a wired connection and a wireless connection.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein the computing device is configured to receive the traditional card data and to transmit the traditional card data without storing the traditional card data.

41. A method of providing an authentication value for a particular transaction using a universal card having a dynamic magnetic stripe with one or more tracks, the method comprising:
receiving, from a mobile computing device via a short range wireless communication link, an indication of a traditional card to be emulated by the universal card, wherein the universal card is configured to determine whether the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card in response to a connection with the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, and wherein the universal card is configured to permit communication between the mobile computing device and the universal card only if the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card;
configuring the dynamic magnetic stripe to emulate a static magnetic stripe of the traditional card by writing information about the traditional card to at least a first portion of the one or more tracks;
determining, based on the traditional card, whether the authentication value is static or dynamic; and
writing the authentication value to at least a second portion of the one or more tracks, wherein the authentication value is a static authentication value associated with the traditional card if the authentication value is determined to be static, and wherein the authentication value is a dynamic authentication value calculated for the particular transaction if the authentication value is determined to be dynamic;
wherein the authentication value written to at least the second portion of the one or more tracks is readable by a terminal having a magnetic stripe reader during the particular transaction.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the authentication value is determined to be dynamic, and wherein the authentication value is calculated based on a key stored in the universal card, a random number, and a transaction counter.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein the particular transaction can be authenticated by the terminal by communicating the authentication value to an authentication service which is configured to verify that the authentication value is authentic.

44. The method of claim 41, wherein the information about the traditional card and an indication whether the authentication value is static or dynamic are stored in a secure element of the universal card.

45. The method of claim 41, wherein the information about the traditional card and an indication whether the authentication value is static or dynamic are stored in a secure element of a computing device in communication with the universal card.

46. A method of providing traditional card data to a universal card, the traditional card data comprising information about one or more traditional cards, the method comprising:
receiving, by a mobile computing device, the traditional card data;
storing, in a secure element of the mobile computing device, the traditional card data, wherein the secure element is configured to store the card data in accordance with a pre- established level of security;
establishing a wireless communication link between the mobile computing device and the universal card, wherein the universal card is configured to determine whether the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card in response to a connection with the mobile computing device via the short range wireless communication link, and wherein the universal card is configured to permit communication between the mobile computing device and the universal card only if the mobile computing device is authorized to communicate with the universal card; and
transmitting, from the mobile computing device to the universal card, instructions to emulate one traditional card of the one or more traditional cards and transmitting the traditional card data from the secure element corresponding to the one traditional card;
wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one traditional card using the traditional card data.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the universal card comprises a dynamic magnetic stripe and wherein the universal card is configured to emulate the one traditional card using the traditional card data by the dynamic magnetic stripe emulating a static magnetic stripe of the one traditional card.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein the communication link is one of an NFC link or a Bluetooth link.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein receiving the traditional card data comprises receiving the traditional card data from a magnetic stripe reader.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein receiving the traditional card data comprises receiving the traditional card data from a remote computing device via a network, wherein the network comprises one or more of a wired connection and a wireless connection.