#### Heyward *v.*United States.

*(District Court, D. South Carolina.*

February 26, 1889.)

1. United States Commissioners—Fees—Orders of Commitment and Discharge.

United States commissioners are entitled to fees for written orders of commitment and discharge of persons necessarily remaining in the custody of tbe commissioners over night.

2. Same—Recognizances—Acknowledgments.

A commissioner is entitled to but one fee for each recognizance acknowledged before him, though each recognizance may be acknowledged by several.

3. Same—Transcript of Docket.

A commissioner is entitled to a fee for a transcript of docket for the circuit court, made under the peremptory order of the court.

At Law.

Action by Julius H. Heyward against the United States for fees as commissioner.

*John R.*Bellinger, for plaintiff.

*U. A. De Sausswre,*Asst. U. S. Dist. Atty.

Simonton, *J.*

The plaintiff is a commissioner of the courts of the United States in this district. He brings his action on the following account, for the period between 1st January, 1887, and 31st March, 1888; making dockets in 33 cases in which issue was joined, and testimony taken, $99; for making dockets in 5 cases in which no testimony was was taken, $10; for issuing 16 temporary commitments, $20; for issuing 6 orders for discharge of defendants, $1.50; for taking 24 acknowledgments, $6; for transcript of docket for November term, 1S87, of circuit court, 20 folios, $3. The docket has been exhibited in evidence, carefully and accurately kept. The commitments of persons whose examination extended beyond one day have been proved. So, also, with the orders of discharge. The item for acknowledgments is made up of charges for the acknowledgment of recognizances by parties, one charge being made for each name signed to the recognizance, and not for each recognizance. The transcript of the docket was made and sent up under an order of the circuit court passed December 8, 1881, in accordance with the request of the attorney general, and precisely in the words requested. The charge for docket fees must be disallowed for the reasons given in *Calvert*v. *U. S.,*ante, 762, (just filed.) The charge for temporary commitments is allowed because the commitments are deemed necessary. When the deputy-marshal, under warrant, arrests a person, and brings him before a commissioner, the exigency of the warrant is fulfilled. Thenceforward the person is in the custody and at the disposal of the commissioner. If his examination is not completed in one day, and stands over, the commissioner, for his own protection, as well as in the interest of the law, must commit him. He has no place of his own, or, rather, he cannot be required to have a place of his own, in which to imprison persons. Hence, if he is within reach of the jail, he can *765commit him to the care of the jailer. This should be done in writing. The protection of the liberty of the citizen, the safety of the jailer, the accuracy of his claim on the government, all require that no person should be imprisoned except upon an order distinctly slating when, by whom, and for what, he is imprisoned. Bo with the discharge of a person. ITow can a. jailer safely discharge him without an order in writing? How can a jailer properly present his claim to the government unless he can produce a voucher showing when the custody ended, as well as when it began? How can a person in custody force his discharge, if he cannot establish by indisputable evidence that he lias boon discharged? If the evidence remain in parol, or in *pais,*the death, removal, or silence of the commissioner may imprison him indefinitely. These items for commitments and discharges arc allowed.

The items for aclcnowledgments are proved thus: Recognizances wore taken by the commissioner, and acknowledged before him. This acknowledgment is not'a mere form, nor is it simply another mode of witnessing. It has been held that the acknowledgment and signature of the commissioner makes the recognizance binding, even if the partios do not sign it. *U. S.*v. *Pickett.*1 Bond, 123. The recognizance must bo acknowledged before the commissioner, and is binding because so acknowledged. This gives this form of obligation its distinctive character. *A*recognizance is more than an ordinary bond. It can bo estreated and enforced as a judgment: and ils name, “recognizance,” that is to say, “acknowledgment,” shows the importance of the acknowledgment before the commissioner. But this recognizance, though the recognizance be signed by several, is but one act. The parties acknowledge before the commissioner that they arc bound, and his signature completes the act. *U. S.*v. *Pickett, supra.*But one fee can be charged for the acknowledgment on each recognizance.

The transcript of the docket for the circuit court was made under the peremptory order of the court. The charge for this is allowed. Let a decree be entered in accordance with this opinion.