T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T P AU L A J . NE GL E Y, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. JU D IC IA L C O U N C IL O F C A L IF O RN IA a n d AD MI NI S T R AT I VE OF F I C E OF TH E CO U RTS, D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 10- 16551 D. C . No . 3 : 0 8 - c v - 3 6 9 0 - MHP ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o rth e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia M a r i l y n P a t e l , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d O c t obe r14, 2011 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: H U G , K L E IN F E L D , an d W . F L E T C H E R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P au l a N eg l ey ap p eal s th e d i stri ctco u rt ’ s g ran to f su m m ary j u d g m en tag ai n st he ron he rc l a i m s unde rthe C a l i f orni aa nd f

e de r a l E qua l P a y A c t s ( E P A ) a nd the C a l i f orni aF a i rE m pl oy m e nta nd H ous i ng A c t( F E H A ) . N e gl e y c ont e nds tha tthe 

# FI LED NO V 18 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

A dm i ns tr a t i ve O f

f i c e of the C ourt s ( A O C ) vi ol a t e d the E P A a nd F E H A by pa y i ng am a l e c o - wo rk e rm o r e th a n h e rf o re q u a l wo rk . Ne g l e ya l s o c l a i m s th a tAO C v io la te d F E H A b y te rm in a tin g h e ra n d ta k in g o th e ra d v e r s e a c tio n s a g a in s t h e rin re t al i at i on for f

i l i ng i nt ernal com pl ai nt s and her E P A l aw sui t . T he di stri ctcourt r e j e c t e d b o th c l a i ms . W e h a v e j u r i s d i c t i o n u n d e r2 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 9 1 . W e a f f i rm. I. A pr i m af

a c i e une qua l pa y c l a i m unde rthe E P A orF E H A r e qui r e s the pl a i nt i f f t o pr ovi de e vi de nc e tha the re m pl oy e r( 1) pa i d a n i ndi vi dua l of the o p p o s ite s e x m o r e th a n h e r( 2 ) f o rs u b s ta n tia llye q u a l w o rk . Se e Stanle yv . U ni v . of S. Ca lifo rn ia , 1 7 8 F .3 d 1 0 6 9 , 1 0 7 4 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 9 ) ; G re en v. P ar P oo l s I nc. , 111 C a l. A p p . 4 th 6 2 0 , 6 2 3 ( C a l. C t. A p p . 2 0 0 3 ) ( h o ld in g th a t th e C a lif o rn iaE P A is s u b s ta n tiv e ly id e n tic a l to its f e d e r a l c o u n te rp a rt) . I f

th e p la in tif

f s u c c e e d s in e s tab lis h in g ap r im af

a c ie u n e q u a l p a y c la im , th e b u r d e n s h if ts to th e e m p lo y e rto prod uce are as on for the di ff er ence i n p aythati s bas ed on a f ac t or “ other than sex. ” See Stan ley , 1 7 8 F .3 d a t 1 0 7 5 . O n c e th e e m p lo y e rh a s d o n e s o , th e b u r d e n s h if ts b a c kto th e p la in tif

f to s h o w th e e m p lo y e r ’s o f f e r e d r e a s o n f

o rth e p a y d if

f e r e n c e is ap r e te x t f

o rd is c r im in a tio n . Id . a t1076. Su mma ry j u d g me n tw a s ap p r o p r i a t e o n N e g l e y ’ s u n e q u a l p a y c l a i ms be c aus e s he di d notpr e s e nte vi de nc e t o the di s tr i c tc ourttha tA O C pa i d am a l e c o-A O C ha s f i l e d am ot i on t o s tr i ke l a r ge port i ons of N e gl e y ’ s E xc e rpt s of 1 R e c o r d ( E O R ) a n d O p e n in g B r ie f . B e c au s e a ll th e d o c u m e n ts c o n ta in e d in N e g le y ’s E O R w e r e f

ile d w ith th e d is tr ic t c o u rt in th is c a s e , w e d e n y th e m o tio n to s tr ik e . See F e d . R . A p p . P . 1 0 ( a ) . H o w e v e r , N e g le y h a s w a iv e d a n y a r g u m e n ts r a is e d in h e rb r ie f

s o n ap p e a l th a t s h e d id n o t p r e s e n t to th e d is tr ic t c o u rt. See P eter son v. Hi gh lan d Musi c, Inc. , 1 4 0 F .3 d . 1 3 1 3 , 1 3 2 1 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 8 ) . T h is i ncl ud es ar gu m ent s bas ed on fa ct s N egl eydi d n otsubm i tt o the di stri ctcourtas p a rt o f h e rO p p o s itio n to S u m m a ry J u d g m e n t. See Carm en v. Sa n Francisc o U n ifie d Sc h . D is t. , 2 3 7 F . 3 d 1 0 2 6 , 1 0 3 0 (9 th C i r. 2 0 0 1 ). In asm u ch as th ese a r g u m e n ts a r e w a iv e d , th e y f o rm n o p a rt o f

o u ra n a ly s is b e lo w . 3 w o rk e rm o r e th a n h e rf

o re q u a l w o rk . W h ile A O C p a id m a le e m p lo y e e D a v id 1 W ol f ahi ghe rs a l a ry tha n N e gl e y , W ol f’ s pos i t i on a s S e ni orL aborR e l a t i ons N egot i at or (S L RN ) w as supervi soryand ent ai l ed si gn i fi cantre spon si bi l i t i es be y ond thos e r e qui r e d of N e gl e y a s aL aborR e l a t i ons N e got i a t or . W ol f w a s the

“ l e a d” ove ragr oup of

a tl e a s tf ourothe re m pl oy e e s a nd w a s r e s pons i bl e f or bu si ness devel op m entac t i vi t i es as partof hi s S L RN po si t i on . T hese addi t i on al S L RN du t i e s d i s t i n g u i s h Wo l f’ s a n d Ne g l e y ’ s p o s i t i o n s s u f f i c i e n t l y th a tth e two ar e not“ subst ant i al l y e qu al ” f or pu rposes of N egl ey ’ s pri m a f ac i e unequ al pay c la im . Se e id . a t1074. N e g le y d o e s n o t d is p u te th a t A O C a s s ig n e d W o lf a d d itio n a l d u tie s a s S L RN . S he cont ends i nst ea d thatW ol f’ s a dd i t i on al du t i es w er e not“ bo na fi de. ” H ow ever , N egl eyhas notpres ent ed any e vi dence t o sup po rtthatbare as se rt i on . N egl ey ca n n o t d ef

ea t su m m ary ju d g m en t sim p ly b y s tati n g th at sh e d isp u tes A O C ’s4

e vi de nc e . R a the r , s he m us tpoi ntt o e vi de nc e on the r e c or d tha tc r e a t e s age nui ne d is p u te a s to am a te r ia l f a c t. See F e d. R . C i v. P . 56( c ) . I n the abs e nc e of a ny evi dence t endi ng t o p rove thatW ol f w as no ti n rea l i ty r es po nsi bl e f or addi t i on al du t i es as S L RN , there i s no d i sput e abo utthe m at er i al fa ctual i ss ue of w hether tho se addi t i on aldu t i es w er e bon a f i de. T he di stri ctcourtw as ac cordi ng l y c orre ct i n co n cl u d i n g th atN eg l ey d i d n o test ab l i sh a p ri m a faci e cl ai m fo r u n eq u al p ay. M or e ove r , N e gl e y ha s notpr e s e nt e d e vi de nc e t o di s put e tha tthe r e a s on A O C pa i d W ol f

ahi ghe rs a l a ry w a s tha tW ol f pos s e s s e d s upe r i orqua l i f i c a t i ons and exp er i ence i n l abor nego t i at i on s. T hi s i s are as on “ base d o n [fa ct ors] other than sex. ” See Stan ley , 1 7 8 F .3 d a t 1 0 7 5 . T h u s , N e g le y ’s u n e q u a l p a y c la im f a ils f o rth e a d d itio n a l r e a s o n th a t s h e h a s n o t m e t h e rb u r d e n o f p r o v id in g e v id e n c e to show thatA O C ’ s non -di sc ri m i nat ory r ea son for W ol f’ s hi gh ersa l ary w as p r e te x tu a l. Se e id . a t1076. S u m m a ry ju d g m e n t a g a in s t N e g le y o n h e ru n e q u a l p a y c la im w a s p r o p e r . II. T he no n-re t al i at i on prov i si on of C al i forni a’ s F E H A proh i bi t s e m pl oyer s fr om t aki ng any a dv er se em pl oym entac t i on agai nstan em pl oyee for a ss ert i ng her r ig h t to b e f

r e e f r o m d is c r im in a tio n . See C a l. G o v ’t C o d e § 1 2 9 4 0 ( h ) . T o a s s e rt a pr i m af a c i e c l a i m f

orr e t a l i a t i on unde rF E H A , apl a i nt i f f m us ts how ( 1) tha ts he5

en g ag ed i n p ro t ect ed act i v i ty; (2 ) th ath er em p l o yer su b j ect ed h er t o so m e ad v erse e m pl oy m e nta c t i on; a nd ( 3) tha tthe r e i s ac aus a l l i nk be tw e e n the f i r s ta nd s e c ond e le m e n ts . Y

an ow i t z v . L ’O re alU

SA , Inc. , 36 C al . 4th 1 02 8, 10 42 (C al . 20 05 ). If a pl a i nt i f f e s t abl i s he s apr i m af

a c i e r e t a l i a t i on c l a i m , the bur de n s hi f t s t o the e m pl oy e rt o of

f e ral e gi t i m a t e , non- r e t a l i a t ory r e a s on f orthe a dve r s e e m pl oy m e nt a c tio n . Id . O nce the em pl oyerhas don e s o, the bu rden shi ft s bac k t o the pl ai nt i ff to s h o w th a t th e e m p lo y e r ’s g iv e n r e a s o n is ap r e te x t f o rin te n tio n a l r e ta lia tio n . Id . N e g le y h a s n o t m a d e o u t ap r im af a c ie c la im f

o ru n la w f

u l r e ta lia tio n . W h ile the r e i s no di s put e tha tN e gl e y ’ s i nt e rna l c om pl a i nt s t o A O C a nd he ri ni t i a l f i l i ng o f th e E P A la w s u it q u a lif y a s p r o te c te d a c tiv itie s u n d e rF E H A , N e g le y f a ile d to m ak e o u tth e rem ai n i n g el em en t s o f h er p ri m a faci e ret al i at i o n cl ai m . S p eci fi cal l y, N egl eydi d n otpres entevi dence t o est abl i sh a c ausa l l i nk betw ee n h erprot ec t ed a c tiv itya n d a n y p a rtic u la ra d v e r s e e m p lo y m e n t a c tio n u n d e rta k e n b y A O C . N e gl e y a l l e ge s tha tA O C s ubj e c t e d he rt o anum be rof a dve r s e e m pl oy m e nt a c t i ons , butthe onl y i nc i de nttha tm a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t e d the t e rm s of

he re m pl oy m e nt s uc h tha ti tqua l i f

i e s a s a n a dve r s e e m pl oy m e nta c t i on w i thi n the m e a ni ng of F E H A i s N eg l ey’ s t erm i n at i o n fro m A O C i n A p ri l 2 0 0 9 . T h atp art i cu l ar ad v erse e m p lo y m e n t a c tio n c a n n o t f o rm th e b a s is f

o rN e g le y ’s p r im af

a c ie r e ta lia tio n c la im b ecau se N eg l ey h as p resen t ed n o ev i d en ce t o sh o w th atA O C t erm i n at ed h er as aW e not e a dd i t i on al l y thatN egl ey ’ s r et al i at i on cl ai m w ou l d h ave f ai l ed here 2 even i f s he had succee ded i n m aki ng ou tthe pri m a f ac i e e l em ent s bec ause she has notpr e s e nt e d e vi de nc e t o s how tha tA O C ’ s pr of f e r e d r e a s on f

ort e rm i na t i ng her— thatshe vi ol at ed A O C ’ s c on fi dent i al i ty pol i cy— w as a pre t extfor i nt ent i on al r e t a l i a t i on. 6 r e ta lia to ry r e s p o n s e to h e rin te rn a l A O C c o m p la in ts o rE P A la w s u it. 2 N e g le y a ls o a lle g e s th a t, b e f o r e h e rte rm in a tio n , A O C s u p e rv is o r s K e n n e th C ouc h a nd D a vi d W ol f

pr ovoke d he ron s e ve r a l oc c a s i ons i n the hope s tha ts he w o u l d l eav e A O C , an d sh e arg u es th atth ese p ro v o cat i o n effo rt s w ere ad v erse em p lo ym en t actio n s w ith in th e m ea n in g o f F E H A . H er e a g ain , N eg ley’s a l l e ga t i ons do nots uf

f i c e t o m a ke outapr i m af a c i e r e t a l i a t i on c l a i m be c aus e s he has f ai l ed t o est abl i sh the “ causal l i nk ” e l em entof thatcl ai m . E ven ass um i ng that C ou ch and W ol f’ s provo ca t i on ef fort s am ou nt ed t o a “ patt ern o f ant agon i sm ” that coul d con st i tut e an adv er se em pl oym entac t i on , N egl eydi d n otdi re ctthe di stri ct co u rt’s atten ti o n to an y e v id en ce sh o w in g th at th e r ea so n fo r C o u ch an d W o lf’s e f f ort s w a s t o r e t a l i a t e a ga i ns the rf ore nga gi ng i n pr ot e c t e d a c t i vi t i e s . W i thout e vi de nc e t o e s t abl i s h tha tc aus a l l i nk, N e gl e y ’ s r e t a l i a t i on c l a i m f a i l s , a nd the di stri ctcourt ’ s grantof sum m ary j ud gm entagai nsther w as prop er . A F F I R M E D .