# Patent

## Title
Catheter insertion device

## Abstract

Embodiments of a catheter insertion device are discussed comprising: an approximately hollow cylindrical catheter sleeve, at whose distal end a catheter is attached; a needle sleeve with a hollow needle, which is attached thereto and which, when ready for use, extends through the catheter sleeve and the catheter, and; a needle protective element that is arranged inside the catheter sleeve while being able to move on the needle. Said needle protective element has an engaging section that engages with an engaging device, which is formed in the vicinity of the needle tip, when the hollow needle is withdrawn from the catheter sleeve. A check valve is placed inside the catheter sleeve between the catheter and the needle protective element. The hollow needle, when ready for use, extends through said check valve, and the check valve automatically closes once the needle is withdrawn.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation application of Ser. No. 12/790,630, filed May 28, 2010, which is continuation application of Ser. No. 10/520,325, filed Sep. 12, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,736,339, which is a national phase application of PCT No. PCT/EP03/07073 filed Jul. 2, 2003; the contents of each of the foregoing are expressly incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD
Device, system, and method for a catheter insertion device are generally discussed herein with specific reference to catheter device having a valve opener and a valve.
BACKGROUND
A device of this kind is known from EP 352 928, wherein in a hollow catheter hub a needle guard element is arranged. On withdrawal of the hollow needle from the catheter over an engaging means near the tip of the hollow needle, the needle guard element engages with the engaging means and covers the tip when the hollow needle is separated from the catheter. In this design, after withdrawal of the hollow needle from the catheter, through this catheter blood can issue with which the operating personnel can come into contact.
The invention is based on the object of designing a catheter insertion device of the type described above such that an outflow of blood from the catheter is prevented after removal of the hollow needle with the needle guard element.
SUMMARY
This object is solved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. In the ready position, a check valve is arranged in the catheter hub between the catheter and the needle guard element. Through this valve the hollow needle extends, so that after withdrawal of the hollow needle from the catheter the latter can be reliably closed such that an outflow of blood is prevented, while simultaneously the tip of the hollow needle is securely covered by the needle guard element so that the operating personnel cannot injure themselves on the needle tip.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a catheter insertion device in the ready position,
FIG. 2 shows the catheter insertion device with the hollow needle removed,
FIG. 3 shows the device with an attached syringe,
FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through another embodiment,
FIG. 6a-e shows a view of the valve disc,
FIG. 7 shows different views of a valve actuating element,
FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment,
FIG. 9a, b shows front views of the valve actuating element of FIG. 8, and
FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows a catheter insertion device 1 having a catheter hub 2 which has a two-part form in the embodiment. A distal hub element 3 of the catheter hub has a holding section 3a in which a catheter 4 is press-fitted. The proximal end of the hub element 3 has an enlarged diameter with regard to the distal end and forms a connecting section with a hub element 5 whose distal end overlaps the proximal end of the hub element 3 and which is provided at its proximal end with a Luer thread 6. Between the two hub elements 3 and 5, a check valve in the form of a valve disc 7 is inserted and is fixed in place by the two hub elements 3 and 5.
In the ready position according to FIG. 1, there is inserted in the catheter hub 2 a needle hub 8 to which a hollow needle 9 is fixed which extends through the valve disc 7 and the catheter 4 so that the needle tip 9a is exposed. Between needle hub 8 and valve disc 7 there is displaceably arranged in the proximal hub element 5 a valve actuating element 10 which has a truncated cone-shaped locating section 10a which serves to open the valve disc 7, as FIG. 3 shows. On the proximal side, a plunger section 10b adjoins the locating section 10a and has a hollow space for receiving a needle guard element 13. In the embodiment shown, the plunger section 10b is formed by two spaced plungers between which the needle guard element in the form of a spring clip 13 is inserted, as shown in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 4.
On withdrawal of the hollow needle 9 from the catheter hub 2, an engaging means 9b (FIG. 2), provided near the needle tip 9a and having the form of a radial projection on the hollow needle which can be formed by light crimping, engages with the outer circumference of a bore in the rear wall 13c of the spring clip 13, so that the spring clip 13 is removed from the catheter hub with the needle 9, while simultaneously the spring arms 13a and 13b of the spring clip cover the needle tip, completely protecting and blocking it. In this separated position shown in FIG. 2, the valve disc 7, due to its elasticity, closes the through-hole for the hollow needle 9 so that no blood can flow out through the catheter 4. As FIG. 6 shows, the valve disc is provided for example with three slits 7a starting from the middle and extending radially over a short section X, forming elastic flaps 7b therebetween which can be expanded by the hollow needle.
FIG. 3 shows the insertion of a syringe 14 in the catheter hub 2, wherein the neck portion 14a of the syringe comes to abut on the plunger section 10b of the valve actuating element 10 and presses it against the valve disc 7, so that the truncated cone-shaped locating section 10a outwardly displaces the flaps 7b of the valve disc and thereby opens the valve, so that a liquid can be inserted from the syringe 14 into the catheter 4.
The incline of the truncated cone on the locating section 10a and the displacement path of the actuating element 10 relative to the valve disc 7 are designed such that due to the elasticity of the material of the valve disc 7, the flaps 7b displace the locating section 10a to the right in FIG. 3 when the syringe 14 is removed from the catheter hub 2. Hereby, the valve disc 7 is automatically closed, as the position in FIG. 2 shows.
In the hub element 5, there is formed by a shoulder 5a a stop for the actuating element 10, to define the position of the actuating element in the separated position in FIG. 2. Hereby, the truncated cone-shaped locating section 10a lies near the stop 5a, while its distal end abuts on the valve disc 7 as shown in FIG. 2. The radial slits 7a of the valve disc 7 are designed such that in the ready position in FIG. 1, the flaps 7b are bent radially upwards less than in the open position by the locating section 10a in FIG. 3.
As the cross-sectional view in FIG. 4 shows, the two plungers lob of the valve actuating element 10 are guided in longitudinal grooves 5e of the hub element 5 and they project radially inwards into the bore 5c of the hub element 5, so that they form an abutting surface for the neck portion 14a of the syringe 14. The bore 5c in the hub element 5 is formed slightly conically corresponding to the conical neck portion 14a of a syringe.
On the inner circumference of the bore 5c of the hub element 5, a further shoulder 5b having a smaller diameter is formed, on which the radially outer areas of the spring arms 13a and 13b abut in the ready position in FIG. 1. Hereby, the spring clip 13 is fixed in its position in the hub element 5. When the needle hub 8 with the hollow needle 9 is removed from the catheter hub 2, first the spring clip 13 is held on the shoulder 5b by abutting until the radial projection 9b comes to abut on the rear wall 13c of the spring clip. In this position, the two spring arms 13a, 13b can be released from the shoulder 5b and spring back inwards to cover the needle tip, as FIG. 2 shows, whereupon the spring clip 13 with the hollow needle 9 can be removed from the catheter hub.
In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the distal end section of the hub element 5 is shrunk, welded or bonded onto the proximal end section of the hub element 3 after the valve actuating element 10 and the valve disc 7 are inserted in the hub element 5. It is also possible to join the two hub elements 3 and 5 to one another, for example by a thread which is secured against loosening after assembly. The spring clip 13 is inserted together with the hollow needle 9 in the bore 5c of the hub element 5 during assembly, wherein the radially outer areas of the spring arms 13a, 13b snap in at the shoulder 5b under elastic deformation.
Preferably, in front of the shoulder 5b a projection 5b can be formed in the bore 5c of the hub element, as shown in FIG. 2. Hereby the snap-in and holding effect of the spring clip 13 is increased.
FIG. 5 shows a modified embodiment of the connection of the two hub elements 3 and 5, in which two cylindrical sections 3b and 5d engage in one another. A thread can be provided between these two cylindrical sections. However, it is also possible to bond or weld these two sections.
In this embodiment, the valve actuating element 10 is also modified in relation to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 7a shows a side view of the approximately U-shaped actuating element 10 with the spring clip 13 inserted therein. As the side view rotated by 90 degree in FIG. 7b shows, the locating section 10a is partly flattened on opposite sides so that the width of the plunger sections 10b extends into the locating section 10a. FIG. 7c is a front view from the left in FIG. 7b and shows the flattened structure of the locating section 10a. FIG. 7d is a sectional view along the central line in FIG. 7b. FIG. 7e shows a section through the valve actuating element 10 along the line B-B in FIG. 7d. 
FIG. 5 shows the lower half of the valve actuating element 10 corresponding to the view in FIG. 7a, and the upper half in a sectional view rotated by 90 degree corresponding to FIG. 7b. The shoulder 5a for positioning the valve actuating element 10 in the hub element 5 is hereby formed on the ends of the diametrically opposite grooves 5e (FIG. 4), so that the proximal ends of the plunger sections 10b abut on the shoulders 5a. Corresponding to the shoulder 5b in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the embodiment in FIG. 5, there is formed on the hub element 5 a projection 5f which projects inwards at diametrically opposite positions on the bore 5c of the hub element 5 and fixes the spring clip 13 in the hub element 5 until the spring arms 13a, 13b spring inwards over the needle tip and the spring clip with the hollow needle 9 is removed from the catheter hub.
FIG. 8 shows a modified embodiment having a hollow cylindrical valve actuating element 10 on whose inner circumference a projection 10f is formed for positioning the spring clip 13 inside the valve actuating element 10. FIG. 9a shows a front view of the valve actuating element 10 from the right and FIG. 9b shows a front view from the left in FIG. 8, wherein for locating the neck portion 14a of a syringe 14, in this embodiment radially inwardly projecting ribs 10e are formed which protrude radially into the bore 5c of the hub element 5, as the upper half of the valve actuating element in FIG. 8 shows, in which the sectional view of the lower half of the valve actuating element 10 is shown rotated by 90 degree in relation to the upper half.
FIG. 10 shows a modified embodiment wherein between the two hub elements 3 and 5 a check valve 17 is inserted, which has a hollow cylindrical section 17b starting from a flange section 17a and abutting on the inner circumference of the hub element 3. From the inner circumference near the flange section 17a there start two opposite flaps 17c, which abut on the outer circumference of the hollow needle 9 in the ready position in FIG. 10. When the needle 9 is removed from the catheter hub 2, the elastically deformed flaps 17c move inwards and close the valve. In this embodiment, an actuating element for opening the valve 17 is not necessary, because the pressure of the fluid from the syringe 14 displaces the flaps 17c radially outwards so that the liquid can flow out through the valve 17. In this embodiment of a check valve, a so-called duck-bill valve is concerned, whose construction is in itself known.
In FIG. 10, in order to allow the spring clip 13 to be held in the catheter hub during withdrawal of the hollow needle 9 from the catheter hub 2 until the radial projection 9b on the hollow needle engages with the rear wall 13c to cover the needle tip, in this embodiment there is formed on the inner circumference of the proximal hub element 5 a projection 5f which extends radially inwards and on which the radially outer areas of the spring arms 13a and 13b come to abut and hold the spring clip until the spring arms spring back radially inwards to cover the needle tip. The inner diameter of the projection 5f is designed only slightly smaller than the maximum radial dimension at the spring arms 13a and 13b, so that during assembly the spring clip 13 can be inserted by slight pressure into the position in the catheter hub as shown in FIG. 10.
In the embodiment of a catheter insertion device according to FIGS. 1 to 9, in the position of the valve actuating element 10 in FIG. 2 the valve disc 7 can be opened by low pressure produced by the syringe 4 for drawing off liquid from the catheter, wherein the elastic flaps 7b are bent upward by the low pressure. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, a drawing-off of liquid from the catheter is not possible, because the duck-bill valve does not open when there is low pressure on the proximal side.
It is convenient to fabricate the check valve in the form of a valve disc 7 or of the flap valve 17 from elastic silicon, while a correspondingly rigid plastic material is used for the hub elements 3 and 5 and for the valve actuating element 10.

## Claims

1. A catheter insertion device comprising:
a catheter hub comprising an interior cavity, an opening at a proximal end, and a catheter tube attached thereto and extending from a distal end;
a needle having a needle shaft defining a needle axis projecting distally of an end of a needle hub, said needle projecting through the catheter tube and comprising a needle tip;
a valve sized and shaped to obstruct fluid flow through the catheter hub comprising a wall surface comprising a slit positioned inside the interior cavity of the catheter hub and abutting a shoulder in the interior cavity of the catheter hub; said valve remaining inside the interior cavity when the needle is removed from the catheter tube and the catheter hub;
a valve actuating element slidingly disposed in the catheter hub to actuate the valve, the valve actuating element comprising a nose section having a tapered end for pushing the valve to open the slit of the valve and at least two plunger elements extending proximally of the nose section and having a gap therebetween to permit fluid flow to flow therethrough; the two plunger elements structured to transfer a distally directed force to the nose section to push the valve to open the slit;
a needle protective device spaced from the needle tip in a ready position and movable relative to the needle tip to a protective position, at least in part, distally of the needle tip to prevent unintended needle sticks.

2. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the valve is generally round.

3. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises three slits that converge at a single point.

4. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the catheter hub is made from two hub housing sections.

5. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the needle protective element is located between the two plunger elements of the valve actuating element in the ready position.

6. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the needle protective element comprises a proximal wall and two arms that converge to a single point.

7. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the valve actuating element further comprises a projection located proximally of the tapered nose section and projects radially outwardly of the nose section and abuts a shoulder of the catheter hub.

8. The catheter insertion device of claim 7, wherein the projection is distal of the two plunger elements.

9. The catheter insertion device of claim 1, wherein the needle protective device comprises an arm that is located, at least in part, in the catheter hub.

10. A catheter insertion device comprising:
a first hub comprising an interior cavity, a perimeter defining an opening at a proximal end, and a catheter tube having a distal end opening extending distally of the first hub:
a needle having a needle shaft defining a needle axis projecting distally of an end of a second hub, said needle projecting through the catheter tube and comprising a needle tip;
a valve sized and shaped to obstruct fluid flow comprising a slit positioned inside the interior cavity of the first hub and having a distal surface pushed against a shoulder in the interior cavity; said valve remaining inside the interior cavity when the needle is removed from the catheter tube and the first hub;
a valve actuating element slidingly disposed in the first hub to actuate the valve, the valve actuating element comprising a projection, a nose section having a tapered end with an opening structured to push the valve to open the slit, and at least two plunger elements extending proximally of the nose section and having a gap therebetween; wherein the at least two plunger elements with the gap therebetween are disposed distally of the proximal end of the first hub and are slidable distally when a male implement projects into the opening of the first hub to transfer a distally directed force to the nose section to push the valve to open the slit;
a needle protective device positioned proximal of the valve and at least in part around the needle and distal of the proximal end of the second hub in a ready position, the needle protective device is moveable to prevent unintended needle sticks in a protective position.

11. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the valve has a radial outer perimeter abutting the interior cavity of the catheter hub.

12. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the valve comprises three slits that converge at a single point.

13. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the catheter hub is made from two hub housing sections.

14. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the needle protective element is located between the two plunger elements of the valve actuating element in the ready position.

15. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the projection is located proximally of the tapered nose section and projects radially outwardly of the nose section and abuts a shoulder of the catheter hub.

16. The catheter insertion device of claim 15, wherein the projection is distal of the two plunger elements.

17. The catheter insertion device of claim 10, wherein the needle protective device comprises an arm that is located, at least in part, in the catheter hub.

18. A catheter insertion device comprising:
a catheter hub comprising an interior cavity comprising a shoulder, an opening at a proximal end, and a catheter tube attached thereto and extending from a distal end;
a needle having a needle shaft defining a needle axis projecting distally of an end of a needle hub, said needle projecting through the catheter tube and comprising a needle tip;
a valve comprising a slit and sized and shaped to obstruct fluid flow through the catheter positioned inside the interior cavity of the catheter hub; said valve remaining inside the interior cavity of the catheter hub when the needle is removed from the catheter tube and the catheter hub;
a valve actuating element slidingly disposed in the catheter hub for actuating the valve, the valve actuating element comprising a nose section having a tapered end being sufficiently rigid to open the valve, a projection on the valve actuating element located proximally of the tapered nose section abutting the shoulder of the catheter hub, and a plunger end extending proximally of the nose section having one or more gaps to permit fluid flow to flow therebetween and to transfer a distally directed force to the nose section to open the valve;
a needle protective device positioned, at least in part, around the needle between the valve and the proximal end of the needle hub in a ready position, the needle protective device being moveable to prevent unintended needle sticks in a protective position.

19. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the plunger end comprises at least two plunger elements defining the at least one or more gaps.

20. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the valve comprises three slits that converge at a single point.

21. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the catheter hub is made from two hub housing sections.

22. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the needle protective element is located at the plunger end of the valve actuating element in the ready position.

23. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the needle protective element is spaced from the needle tip in the ready position and movable relative to the needle tip to the protective position, at least in part, distally of the needle tip to prevent unintended needle sticks.

24. The catheter insertion device of claim 18, wherein the projection is distal of the two plunger elements.

25. A catheter insertion device comprising:
a catheter hub comprising an interior cavity comprising a shoulder, an opening at a proximal end, and a catheter tube attached thereto and extending from a distal end;
a needle having a needle shaft defining a needle axis projecting distally of an end of a needle hub, said needle projecting through the catheter tube and comprising a needle tip;
a valve comprising one or more slits movable to obstruct fluid flow positioned inside the interior cavity of the catheter hub; said valve remaining inside the interior cavity of the catheter hub when the needle is removed from the catheter tube and the catheter hub;
a valve actuating element slidingly disposed in the catheter hub for opening the one or more slits and actuating the valve, the valve actuating element comprising a nose section having a tapered end made of a sufficiently rigid material to open the valve, a projection extending in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal length of the valve actuating element, and a plunger end extending proximally of the nose section having at least one gap to permit fluid flow to flow thereacross and to transfer a distally directed force to the nose section to open the valve;
a needle protective device positioned, at least in part, around the needle between the valve and the proximal end of the needle hub in a ready position, the needle protective device being moveable to prevent unintended needle sticks in a protective position.

26. The catheter insertion device of claim 25, further comprising a luer tip positioned inside the opening at the proximal end of the catheter hub after the needle protective device is in the protected position.

27. The catheter insertion device of claim 26, wherein the luer tip abuts the proximal plunger section of the valve actuating element and the at least one gap is located therebetween.

28. The catheter insertion device of claim 25, further comprising a fluid path between a distal most end of the valve actuating element and a proximal most end of the valve actuating element.

29. The catheter insertion device of claim 28, further comprising a second gap at the proximal plunger section.

30. The catheter insertion device of claim 29, wherein the projection abuts a shoulder in the catheter hub.