1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

Docket Nos. 38541/ 38590/38600

STATE OF IDAHO , Plaintiff-Respondent ,

v.

JUSTIN RYAN MOSS , Defendant-Appellant

. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 2012 Unpublished Opinion No. 778

Filed: December 31, 2012
Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk

THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED OPINION AND SHALL NOT BE CITED AS AUTHORITY

Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada County. Hon. Richard D. Gr eenwood , District Judge ; Hon. Michael E. Wether e ll, District Judge

. Orders revoking probation and executing suspended sentences, affirmed

. Sara B. Thomas, State Appellate Public Defender; Shawn F. Wilkerson, Deputy Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Lori A. Fleming, Deputy Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.

________________________________________________ GUTIERREZ, Judge Justin Ryan Moss appeals from three orders that revoked his probation in three separate cases, consolidated for appeal. In each case , Moss argues the Idaho Supreme Court denied him due process and equal protection when it denied his motion to augment the record with transcripts f rom various hearings. Moss additionally argues that in each case, the district courts respectively abused their discretion in revoking his probation. Finally, Moss argues that, in just one of the cases, the district court abused its discretion when it de nied his motion for a reduction
in sentence. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.2 I.
FACTS AND PROCEDURE This appeal involves three underlying criminal cases and convictions for issuing checks without funds, grand theft, and forgery. 1 In 2006, Moss pled guilty to issuing checks without funds. The district court withheld judgment and placed Moss on probation. In 2008, Moss
fraudule ntly obtained an individual’s financial transaction card information and used it to make purchases. The State charged Moss with grand theft and alleged probation violations in the case relating to issuing checks without funds based on the new criminal conduct. Pursuant to a motion by the State, the cases were consolidated for purpose s of entering a plea an d sentencing. Moss pled guilty to grand theft and admitted the probation violations. The district court entered a judgment of conviction for grand theft and imposed a unified sentence of ten years, with five years determinate, but suspended the sentence and placed Moss on probation. After finding Moss had violated his probation, the district court revoked the withheld judgment in the issuing
checks without funds case; imposed a unified sentence of three years, with eighteen months
determinate ; but suspen ded the sentence and continued probation. The court ordered the sentences in both cases to run concurrently

. In 2009, Moss forged a relative’s signature on various student loan application
documents after the relative had declined to co

- sign on the loa ns. After Moss received the loan
checks made out to both him and the co

- signer, Moss again forged the signature of his relative in order to cash the checks. The State charged Moss with five counts of forgery and also filed allegations of probation violat ions in the prior two cases. Moss pled guilty to two counts of forgery . T he State moved to dismiss the remaining counts and also dismiss ed a separate case charging Moss with four counts of again issuing checks without sufficient funds

. Moss also
admitte d to violati ng his probation in the two prior cases. Upon entering a judgment of
conviction to two counts of forgery , the district court imposed two concurrent , unified sentences of ten years, with five years determinate, but retained jurisdiction. As to the probation violations in the prior two cases , the district court executed the suspended sentences, but retained

1 The issuing checks without funds and grand theft cases were tried before the same district court, whereas the forgery case proceeded before a different court within the same district. The cases were not consolidated until the appeal; therefore, references to the “district court,” in relation to the respective probation revocations, refer to the district court before which the case was originally tried.3 jurisdiction in those two cases as well. The district court ordered the sentence s to run concurrently with the sentence s imposed for the forgery convictions

. Moss successfully completed his period of retained jurisdiction as to all the cases and the court placed Moss on probation.
In June 2010 , the State filed allegations of probation violations in each of the three cases
, all of w hich were based on the fact Moss moved to California very shortly after he was placed on probation

. By moving , Moss committed the following probation violations: he changed residences without permission; he left his assig ned district without permission; he failed to report to his probation officer as instructed ; and he absconded from supervision. The district court held a probation violation evidentiary hearing in the forgery case and fo und violations on all four allegations

. At the disposition hearing, Moss made an oral request for a reduction of his suspended sentence s if probation was to be revoked. T he district court revoked probation and executed the suspended sentence s without reduction

. Moss later filed a motion for a reduction of
his sentence s pursuant to Idaho Criminal Rule 35 ; however, no order regarding the court’s disposition of that motion appears in the record

. In light of the finding of probation violation s in the forgery case, the district court found Moss was collaterally estopped from challenging the probation violations in the other two cases, based on the same conduct, under the authority in State v. Dempsey , 146 Idaho 327, 193 P.3d 874 (Ct. App. 2008). Thereafter, the district court revoked Moss ’s probation in those cases and
executed the suspended sentences , consistent with a request by Moss that it do so . The probation revocations, issued in three separate orders, were timely appeal ed and consol idated for disposition in this C ourt. Pending ap peal and before assignment to this Court , Moss filed a motion to augment the record and suspend the briefing schedule, requesting that the record on appeal be augmented with various transcripts. The State objected to augmenting the record, and the Idaho S upreme Court entered an order denying Moss ’s motion. Upon assignment to this Court, Moss present s three issues: (1) whether the Idaho Supreme Court denied him due process and equal protection when it denied his motion to augment the record; (2) whether t he district court s abused their
discretion when they revoked Moss’s probation in all three cases; and (3) whether the district
court abused its discretion when it failed to reduce Moss’s unified sentence s of ten years, with five years determinate, for the two counts of forgery after revoking probation.4 II.
DISCUSSION
A. Denial of the Motion to Augment the Record
Moss first argues the Idaho Supreme Court violated his rights to due process and equal protection and his right to effective assistance of couns el by denying his motion to augment the
record with various transcripts from each of the three cases consolidated on appeal, including the transcripts of a plea hearing, a sentencing hearing, the first probation violation admission hearing, and the first p robation violation disposition hearing. We recently addressed a nearly identical argument in State v. Morgan , ___ Idaho ___,
___, 288 P.3d 835, 837 (Ct. App. 2012)
where we said: We begin by disclaiming any authority to review and, in effect, reverse an Idaho Supreme Court decision on a motion made prior to assignment of the case to this Court on the ground that the Supreme Court decision was contrary to the state or federal consti tutions or other law. Such an undertaking would be tantamount to the Court of Appeals entertaining an “ appeal” from an Idaho Supreme Court decision and is plainly beyond the purview of this Court. Nevertheless, if a motion is, in effect, renewed by the m ovant, and new information or a new or expanded basis for the motion is presented to this Court that was not presented to the Supreme Court, we deem it within the authority of this Court to evaluate and rule on the renewed motion in the exercise of our

res ponsibility to address all aspects o f an appeal from the point of its assignment to this Court. Such may occur, for example, if the completed appellant’s and/or respondent’s briefs have refined, clarified, or expanded issues on appeal in such a way as to demonstrate the need for additional records or transcripts
, or where new evidence is presented to support a renewed motion. This is not such a circumstance, as Moss has not filed a renewed motion with this Court, nor has he presented to this Court any s ignificant new facts or new justification in his briefs beyond that already advanced in his motion to the Supreme Court. In his motion, Moss requested the transcripts be augmented to the record because they “ are necessary to address
issues to be raised on appeal” and relevant “ not only to the potential merits of the issues but also to create a complete record o n appeal.” In asking this Co urt to review the Supreme Court’ s denial of his motion, Moss asserts the same general arguments, but also more specific ally asserts the denial of his motion violates his constitutional due process and equal protection rights. Thus,
Moss does not assert new issues in asking us to review this issue, but asks that we find that by denying his request, the Idaho Supreme Court violated his constitutional rights. A s this is clearly beyond the authority of this Court, we will not address the issue further.5 B. Orders Revoking Probation Preliminarily, the State argues Moss is precluded, by the doctrine of invited error, from
chal lenging the revocation of his probation in the issuing checks without funds case and the grand theft case because Moss stipulated to the execution of the suspended sentence s

. The doctrine of invited error is the principle that a party is estopped from ass erting an error when his
or her own conduct induces the commission of the error. State v. Norton , 151 Idaho 176, 187, 254 P.3d 77, 88 (Ct. App. 2011). Its purpose is to prevent a party who prompted a particular
action before the trial court to later chal lenge that action on appeal. State v. Blake , 133 Idaho 237, 240, 985 P.2d 117, 120 (1999). “ One may not complain of errors one has consented to or acquiesced in.” Norton , 151 Idaho at 187, 254 P.3d at 88. The invited error doctrine applies to
sentencin g decisions. State v. Leyva , 117 Idaho 462, 465, 788 P.2d 86 3 , 86 6 (Ct. App. 1990). The probation violations alleged in the forgery case were identical to those alleged by the State in the issuing checks without funds case and the grand theft case. Moss had a full and fair opportunity to an evidentiary hearing on the probation violations in regards to the forgery case, the issue was decided on its merits, and the decision was contained in the final, appealable order that revoked Moss’s probation. The district court took argument as to whether Moss was entitled to another evidentiary hear ing in regards to the other cases and determined that
, under Dempsey , Moss was not entitled to another evidentiary hearing, and was collaterally estopped from challenging the probation violations in the two cases . Upon that decision, Moss stipulated to th e execution of his suspended sentences in both cases. We agree with the State that the doctrine of invited error estops Moss from challenging the district court’s orders revoking his probation and requiring execution of his suspended sentences in the issu ing checks without funds case and the grand theft case on appeal. As to the forgery case, a lthough conceding he violated the terms of his probation, Moss argues the district court abused its discretion when it revoked his probation. Idaho Code § 20

- 22 2 authorizes the revocation of probation at any time if the probationer violates an y condition of the probation. Hence, once a violation has been found, the district court must determine whether it is of such seriousness as to warrant revoking probation. State v. Chavez
, 134 Idaho 308, 312, 1 P.3d 809, 813 (Ct. App. 2000)

. Probation may not be revoked arbitrarily.
State v. Adams , 115 Idaho 1053, 1055, 772 P.2d 260, 262 (Ct. App. 1989) . In making this discretionary decision, the trial court must examine whether probation is achieving the goal of6 rehabilitation and whether continuation of the probation is consistent with the protection of society. State v. Leach , 135 Idaho 525, 529, 20 P.3d 709, 713 (Ct. App. 2001) ; Chavez , 134 Idaho at 312, 1 P.3d at 813; State v. Jones , 123 Idaho 315, 318, 847 P.2d 1176, 1179 (Ct. App. 1993); State v. Hass , 114 Idaho 554, 558, 758 P.2d 713, 717 (Ct. App. 1988). If a knowing and intentional probation violation has been proved, a district court’s decision to revoke probation will be reviewed for an abuse of discretion. I.C. § 20

- 222; Leach , 135 Idaho at 529, 20 P.3d at 713; State v. Corder , 115 Idaho 1137, 1138, 772 P.2d 1231, 1232 (Ct. App. 1989). In determining whether such an abuse occ urred, the appellate inquiry centers on whether the sentencing court acted within the boundaries of its discretion, consistent with any legal standards applicable to its specific choices, and whether the court reached its decision by an exercise of

reason. State v. Lafferty , 125 Idaho 378, 381, 870 P.2d 1337, 1340 (Ct. App. 1994)

. Moss argues that in light of mitigating factors, the district court abused its discretion in revoking Moss’s probation. Specifically, Moss points to the fact he was found to have violated his probation only because he absconded to California and there wer e no allegations that any
new crimes had been commit ted. Moss contends that because the State did not allege Moss committed any new crimes, Moss’s probation was not threatening to society. He further argues there were other mitigating factors such as the fact Moss was diagnosed with bipolar disorder
and that his mental illness contributed to why he committed the underlying offenses. The State responds that Moss’s arguments ignore the fact Moss had numerous opportunities for probation and, on each, he fai led to comply with the terms either by committing additional crimes or violating other terms of probation. Additionally, the State argues the lack of a commission of a new crime does not, in and of itself, mean that Moss’s probation was not threatening to society. Moss has repeatedly shown he is unwilling or incapable of complying with the terms of probation. Moss committed his first offense, issuing checks without funds, which is included in this appeal, in 2006. While on probation for that offense, Moss committed a second offense and pled guilty to grand theft. Nonetheless, the district court suspended the imposed sentence for the grand theft conviction and placed Moss on probation ; additionally, the district court continued probation in the first c ase despite the fact Moss violated his probation by incurring new criminal charges . During the probationary period for both of those offenses, Moss again committed new crime s . The State charged Moss with roughly nine counts in two separate criminal cases
, but pursuant to a plea agreement, dismiss ed one case entirely and dismissed several charges in the7 case to which Moss pled guilty to two counts of forgery. The district court s imposed two

concurrent sentences for the forgery convictions , and on the probation violations in the other two cases, executed the suspended sentences. However, the district court s retained jurisdiction in all
three cases , and at the completion of the retained jurisdiction period, again gave Moss the opportunity to successfull y complete probation. At that juncture
, Moss was fairly warned that was his last opportunity to comply with probationary terms and that further probation violations
would result in the execution of his suspended sentences in each of the cases. Yet, withi n days of attending the probation orientation meeting, Moss left Idaho and moved to California. At the probation revocation evidentiary hearing in the forgery case, both Moss’s probation officer and Moss testified. The probation officer stated he never met Moss, until the day of the evidentiary hearing , because Moss never checked in with the probation officer. T he probation officer had left several messages for Moss that went unreturned, though Moss did return one call and left a message stating that h e did not understand why the Idaho probation office was trying to talk to him because he had transferred his probation to California. The probation officer also attempted to contact Moss at the residence Moss listed on the probation packet only to discove r the Idaho address did not exist. I t was not until the probation officer relayed via voicemail that he was going to file allegations of probation violations that Moss actually spoke to the probation office r

. During that phone conversation , Moss claimed to have
received permission to go to California in the form of a travel permit from a duty officer at probation services. Moss was told to fax a copy of the travel permit the following day; the probation officer never received a copy. The probation offic er also checked the interstate compact records and searched for travel permit records and found none relating to Moss in regards to the most recent probationary period. The probatio n officer again spoke with
Moss

-- who claimed to have sent a copy of the tr a vel permit

-- and ordered Moss to return to Idaho
within one week. Moss did not do so. The probation officer checked on the address Moss provided him as to Moss’s residence in California and found that it, too, was incorrect. T he probation officer had no further contact with Moss until he was arrested and extradited to Idaho nearly seven months later. When Moss testified, he claimed to have received verbal permission to go to California. He claimed he attempted to contact the p robation officer numerous times but that the probation officer failed to return his calls. He also admitted that he did not have an assigned probation officer in California, though he supposedly transferred probation supervision8 to California ; did not con tact the probation officer in Idaho for a period of nearly six months after they spoke on the phone ; and went unsupervised for that period of time until his arrest and
extradition to Idaho. The district court made specific findings that Moss’s testimony was not credible. The district court determined that, based on Moss’s familiarity with probation terms and requirements, it was not credible that Moss thought he could receive verbal permission to move to California and that he could remain unsupervised for a prolonged period of time. Based on the facts and testimony presented, the district court concluded each of the probation violations was
willful. At the probation violation disposition hearing, defense counsel argued Moss’s mental health was a mitig ating factor. He asserted that without medication for the bipolar disorder, Moss was likely to reoffend and that after probation began, Moss did not have the money to purchase the necessary medication. Although defense counsel argued Moss could have

succ eeded on probation if properly medicated, defense counsel did not ask that the court not revoke probation. Rather, defense counsel asked for another period of retained jurisdiction or a reduced determinate portion of the sentence. After listening to argu ment, the district court made clear that Moss had been given numerous opportunities to comply. The district court pointed out that Moss, before even meeting the probation officer, took it upon himself to move to California whether or not he was continuing to take medications for his mental health condition and that
Moss was not, under the circumstances, an appropriate candidate for probation. Additionally, the argument that Moss’s recent probation violations were not as serious as the underlying crimes a nd did not involve the commission of new offenses is unavailing. According to the language in Idaho Code § 20

- 222, it is clear that a p robation revocation does
not have to be based on the commission of a new crime. Though the district court did not speci fically speak of whether Moss’s probation was achieving the goal of rehabilitation and whether continuation of the probation was consistent with the protection of society, the record demonstrates that Moss had no period of successful probationary time afte r serving the period of retained jurisdiction

-- Moss’s third opportunity at probation as opposed to incarceration

-- and that without medication, Moss was likely to reoffend unless in a controlled environment. The district
court did not abuse its discretion in revoking Moss’s probation based on the foregoing facts and findings

.9 C. Failure to Reduce the Sentence s after Revoking Probation The court may, after a probation violation has been established, order that the suspended sentence be executed or, in the alternative, the court is authorized under Idaho Criminal Rule 35

to reduce the sentence. State v. Beckett , 122 Idaho 324, 325, 834 P.2d 326, 327 (Ct. App. 1992).
Whether to reduce a sentence is committed to the discretion of the trial court. State v. McCarthy
, 145 Idaho 397, 400, 179 P.3d 360, 363 (Ct. App. 2008). Under our abuse of discretion review, a court’s decision not to reduce a sentence after revoking p robation is subject to the
well

- established standards governing whether a sentence is excess ive. State v. Hanington , 148
Idaho 26, 27, 218 P.3d 5, 7 (Ct. App. 2009) ; State v. Marks , 116 Idaho 976, 978, 783 P.2d 315, 317 (Ct. App. 1989). Where a sentence is not illegal, the appellant has the burden to show that it is unreasonably harsh in light of the primary objective of protecting society and the related goals of deterrence, rehabilitation
, and retribution. State v. Hoskins , 131 Idaho 670, 672, 962 P.2d 1054, 1056 (Ct. App. 1998). In such appeals, an appellate court will not consider whether the sentence was excessive when originally pronounced in the judgment of conviction ; our review is limited to whether the sentence was excessive in light of the circumstance s existing when the court revoked probation. State v. Jensen , 138 Idaho 941, 944, 71 P.3d 1088, 1091 (Ct. App. 2003); State v. Coffin , 122 Idaho 392, 393

- 94, 834 P.2d 909, 910

- 11 (Ct. App. 1992). When reviewing the reasonableness of a sentence on an appeal from a probation revocation order, we do not base our review only upon event s th at occurred after the original pronouncement of

sentence , but will examine the entire record, encompassing events before and after the original judgment, including
, but not limited to
, events that occurred during the probationary period. Chavez , 134 Idaho at 314, 1 P.3d at 815; Coffin , 122 Idaho at 394, 834 P.3d at 911.
Moss orally requested a reduction of his sentence s at the probatio n violation disposition hearing in the forgery case and also filed a motion pursuant to Idaho Criminal Rule 35 for
reduct ion of his sentence s after his suspended sentence s w ere executed

. Though Moss states he is appealing the denial of either his oral request for a reduction of his sentence s or his subsequently filed Rule 35 motion, we cannot find in the record a dispositiv e order or decision

on the Rule 35 motion . We, therefore, construe this argument as one relating to the order revoking probation and executing the suspended sentence s , in that the district court failed to sua sponte reduce the sentence s upon revoking probation.10 Moss asserts that, given any view of the facts, his concurrent unified sentence s of ten years, with five years determinate, for the two forgery convictions are excessive ly harsh
, largely
because the district court did not consid er his mental health issues . The State responds that the district court did not abuse its discretion in executing the original sentence s based on the same

reasons the court did not abuse its discretion in revoking probation.
Mental health evidence is a r elevant mitigating factor when considering the imposition of

a sentence. State v. Payne , 146 Idaho 548, 570, 199 P.3d 123, 145 (2008). Nonetheless, mental health as a mitigating factor need not always outweigh aggravating factors that contribute to the
i mposition of the sentence. See State v. Miller , 151 Idaho 828, 836, 264 P.3d 935, 943 (2011) (noting a defendant’s mental condition need not be a controlling factor at sentencing)

. In originally imposing the sentence s , Moss’s defense counsel argued that Moss’s bipolar disorder
, young age, and family support were all mitigating factors. C ontrary to Moss’s statements that
his mental health was ignored, the district court first stated that the presentence investigation painted a picture of Moss as self

- cent ered, greedy, and manipulative and then specifically referred to Moss’s bipolar disorder: I have met other people who are bipolar. It doesn’t cause greed, and it doesn’t cause theft. It causes excess behavior, but it doesn’t necessarily cause excess ille gal behavior. So I do not see that as a justification or excuse or even an explanation. It is certainly something that has to be dealt with and should be dealt with. The district court examined the need to protect society, rehabilitation, and deterren ce. It
concluded that this was not a case to “ make an example” out of and then accepted the State’s
recommendation for unified ten

- year sentences, with five years determinate. At the disposition hearing on the probation violations, defense counsel again argued that mental health was a mitigating factor and asked for a reduced sentence. The district court, in

response, noted that whether medicated for his bipolar disorder or not
, Moss moved to California, made excuses as to why he absconded, and delayed coming back to Idaho until he
was arrested. The district court stated : I though t carefully when I imposed the original sentence

-- that is, the underlying sentence

-- as to what was appropriate at that time, taking in to account your prior record as well as the circumstances of this case. And I think the original sentence was appropriate for the crime s , given your background and the goals of protecting society as well as deterrence to you and others.11 In considering the many opportunities Moss had been provided to show his amenability and compliance with lesser punishments (probation and a rider) and avoid the imposed sentence s , the district court determined it was time Moss was requi red to be accountable and that a reduction in
the sentence s at the time of disposition was not warranted. Upon this record, we find no abuse of
discretion in the court’s decision to execute the suspended sentences without reduction

. III.
CONCLUSION
Mo ss is precluded, by the application of the invited error doctrine, from challenging the
district court’s orders revoking his probation in two of the three cases presented on appeal. We conclude, in regards to the forgery case, that the district court did not abuse its discretion either in revoking probation or in executing the suspended sentences without reduction . Accordingly,
we affirm the orders of the district court s revoking probation and executing the suspended
sentences in all three cases. Judge LANSING and Judge MELANSON CONCUR.