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                                                                     Exhibit 3.2


                          AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

                             SMARTERKIDS.COM, INC.

                             A DELAWARE CORPORATION








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                                    * * * *

                                AMENDED BY-LAWS

                                    * * * *

                                   ARTICLE I

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS


     Section 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be
held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be fixed from
time to time by the board of directors or the chief executive officer, or if not
so designated, at the registered office of the corporation.

     Section 2. Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of stockholders shall be held on
March 31 in each year if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on
the next secular day following, at 10:00 a.m., or at such other date and time as
shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors or the chief
executive officer, at which meeting the stockholders shall elect by a plurality
vote a board of directors and shall transact such other business as may properly
be brought before the meeting. If no annual meeting is held in accordance with
the foregoing provisions, the board of directors shall cause the meeting to be
held as soon thereafter as convenient, which meeting shall be designated a
special meeting in lieu of annual meeting.

     Section 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any
purpose or purposes, may, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the
certificate of incorporation, be called by the board of directors or the chief
executive officer and shall be called by the chief executive officer or
secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the board of directors, or
at the request in writing of stockholders owning a majority in amount of the
entire capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to
vote. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.
Business transacted at any special meeting shall be limited to matters relating
to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.

     Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, written
notice of each meeting of stockholders, annual or special, stating the place,
date and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose
or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten or
more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder
entitled to vote at such meeting.

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     Section 5. Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of
the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting
of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city or town where
the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the
meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present.

     Section 6. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the
transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by statute, the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws. Where a separate vote by a class
or classes is required, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or
classes, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter. If no quorum
shall be present or represented at any meeting of stockholders, such meeting may
be adjourned in accordance with Section 7 hereof, until a quorum shall be
present or represented.

     Section 7. Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from
time to time to any other time and to any other place at which a meeting of
stockholders may be held under these by-laws, which time and place shall be
announced at the meeting, by a majority of the stockholders present in person or
represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote (whether or not a
quorum is present), or, if no stockholder is present or represented by proxy, by
any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary of such meeting,
without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned
meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the
original meeting, provided that a quorum either was present at the original
meeting or is present at the adjourned meeting. If the adjournment is for more
than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the
adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

     Section 8. Action at Meetings. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock present in person or
represented by proxy, entitled to vote and voting on the matter (or where a
separate vote by a class or classes is required, the affirmative vote of the
majority of shares of such class or classes present in person or represented by
proxy at the meeting) shall decide any matter (other than the election of
directors) brought before such meeting, unless the matter is one upon which by
express provision of law, the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, a
different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern
and control the decision of such matter. The stock of holders who abstain from
voting on any matter shall be deemed not to have been voted on such matter.
Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in
person or represented by proxy at the meeting, entitled to vote and voting on
the election of directors.

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     Section 9.  Voting and Proxies. Unless otherwise provided in the
certificate of incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the
stockholders be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock having
voting power held of record by such stockholder. Each stockholder entitled to
vote at a meeting of stockholders, or to express consent or dissent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, may authorize another person or persons to
act for him by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three
years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

     Section 10. Action Without Meeting. Any action required to be taken at any
annual or special meeting of stockholders, or any action which may be taken at
any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in
writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be (1) signed and dated by the
holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes
that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and (2) delivered to
the corporation within sixty days of the earliest dated consent by delivery to
its registered office in the State of Delaware (in which case delivery shall be
by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested), its
principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting
by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who
have not consented in writing.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                    DIRECTORS

     Section 1. Number, Election and Qualification. Except as provided in the
certificate of incorporation, as amended, the number of directors which shall
constitute the whole board shall be not less than one. Within such limit, the
number of directors shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors
or by the stockholders at the annual meeting or at any special meeting of
stockholders. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting or at any
special meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3 of this
Article, and each director elected shall hold office until his successor is
elected and qualified, unless sooner displaced. Directors need not be
stockholders.

     Section 2. Enlargement. The number of the board of directors may be
increased at any time by vote of a majority of the directors then in office.

     Section 3. Vacancies. Except as provided in the certificate of
incorporation, as amended, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting
from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a
majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a
sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the
next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall
qualify, unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an
election of directors may be held in the

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manner provided by statute. In the event of a vacancy in the board of directors,
the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law or these by-laws,
may exercise the powers of the full board until the vacancy is filled.

     Section 4. Resignation and Removal. Any director may resign at any time
upon written notice to the corporation at its principal place of business or to
the chief executive officer or secretary. Such resignation shall be effective
upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon
the happening of some other event. Any director or the entire board of directors
may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the
shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, unless otherwise
specified by law or the certificate of incorporation.

     Section 5. General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation
shall be managed by its board of directors, which may exercise all powers of the
corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by
the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws directed or required to be
exercised or done by the stockholders.

     Section 6. Chairman of the Board. If the board of directors appoints a
chairman of the board, he shall, when present, preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and the board of directors. He shall perform such duties and
possess such powers as are customarily vested in the office of the chairman of
the board or as may be vested in him by the board of directors.

     Section 7. Place of Meetings. The board of directors may hold meetings,
both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.

     Section 8. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the board of directors may
be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time
be determined by the board; provided that any director who is absent when such a
determination is made shall be given prompt notice of such determination. A
regular meeting of the board of directors may be held without notice immediately
after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

     Section 9. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board may be called by
the chief executive officer, secretary, or on the written request of two or more
directors, or by one director in the event that there is only one director in
office. Two days' notice to each director, either personally or by telegram,
cable, telecopy, commercial delivery service, telex or similar means sent to his
business or home address, or three days' notice by written notice deposited in
the mail, shall be given to each director by the secretary or by the officer or
one of the directors calling the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a
meeting of the board of directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.

     Section 10. Quorum, Action at Meeting, Adjournments. At all meetings of the
board a majority of directors then in office, but in no event less than one
third of the entire board, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at
which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as
may be otherwise specifically provided by law or by the certificate of
incorporation.

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For purposes of this section, the term "entire board" shall mean the number of
directors last fixed by the stockholders or directors, as the case may be, in
accordance with law and these by-laws; provided, however, that if less than all
the number so fixed of directors were elected, the "entire board" shall mean the
greatest number of directors so elected to hold office at any one time pursuant
to such authorization. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the
board of directors, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn the
meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the
meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

     Section 11. Action by Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the board or committee, as the
case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed
with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.

     Section 12. Telephonic Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, members of the board of directors
or of any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the board of
directors or of any committee, as the case may be, by means of conference
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a
meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

     Section 13. Committees. The board of directors may, by resolution passed by
a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee
to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may
designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may
replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Any
such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of
directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board
of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation,
and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which
may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in
reference to amending the certificate of incorporation, adopting an agreement of
merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or
exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and assets,
recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a
revocation of a dissolution, or amending the by-laws of the corporation; and,
unless the resolution designating such committee or the certificate of
incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or
authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Such
committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from
time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors. Each committee
shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and make such reports to the board of
directors as the board of directors may request. Except as the board of
directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct
of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such
rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner
as is provided in these by-laws for the conduct of its business by the board of
directors.

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     Section 14. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of
incorporation or these by-laws, the board of directors shall have the authority
to fix from time to time the compensation of directors. The directors may be
paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of
directors and the performance of their responsibilities as directors and may be
paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and/or
a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from
serving the corporation or its parent or subsidiary corporations in any other
capacity and receiving compensation therefor. The board of directors may also
allow compensation for members of special or standing committees for service on
such committees.


                                   ARTICLE III

                                    OFFICERS

     Section 1. Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by
the board of directors and shall be a president, a secretary and a treasurer and
such other officers with such titles, terms of office and duties as the board of
directors may from time to time determine, including a chairman of the board,
one or more vice-presidents, and one or more assistant secretaries and assistant
treasurers. If authorized by resolution of the board of directors, the chief
executive officer may be empowered to appoint from time to time assistant
secretaries and assistant treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person, unless the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws otherwise
provide.

     Section 2. Election. The board of directors at its first meeting after each
annual meeting of stockholders shall choose a president, a secretary and a
treasurer. Other officers may be appointed by the board of directors at such
meeting, at any other meeting, or by written consent.

     Section 3. Tenure. The officers of the corporation shall hold office until
their successors are chosen and qualify, unless a different term is specified in
the vote choosing or appointing him, or until his earlier death, resignation or
removal. Any officer elected or appointed by the board of directors or by the
chief executive officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by
the affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors or a committee duly
authorized to do so, except that any officer appointed by the chief executive
officer may also be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the chief
executive officer. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation may be
filled by the board of directors, at its discretion. Any officer may resign by
delivering his written resignation to the corporation at its principal place of
business or to the chief executive officer or the secretary. Such resignation
shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some
other time or upon the happening of some other event.

     Section 4. President. The president shall be the chief operating officer of
the corporation. He shall also be the chief executive officer unless the board
of directors otherwise provides. If no chief executive officer shall have been
appointed by the board of directors, all references herein to the "chief
executive officer" shall be to the president. The president shall,

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unless the board of directors provides otherwise in a specific instance or
generally, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the board of
directors, have general and active management of the business of the corporation
and see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried
into effect. The president shall execute bonds, mortgages, and other contracts
requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or
permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the
signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of
directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.

     Section 5. Vice-Presidents. In the absence of the president or in the event
of his or her inability or refusal to act, the vice-president, or if there be
more than one vice-president, the vice-presidents in the order designated by the
board of directors or the chief executive officer (or in the absence of any
designation, then in the order determined by their tenure in office) shall
perform the duties of the president, and when so acting, shall have all the
powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president. The vice-
presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the
board of directors or the chief executive officer may from time to time
prescribe.

     Section 6. Secretary. The secretary shall have such powers and perform such
duties as are incident to the office of secretary. The secretary shall maintain
a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required
and shall be the custodian of corporate records. The secretary shall attend all
meetings of the board of directors and all meetings of the stockholders and
record all the proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of the board
of directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties
for the standing committees when required. The secretary shall give, or cause to
be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the
board of directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be from time to
time prescribed by the board of directors or chief executive officer, under
whose supervision the secretary shall be. The secretary shall have custody of
the corporate seal of the corporation and the secretary, or an assistant
secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it
and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the
signature of such assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general
authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to
attest the affixing by his or her signature.

     Section 7. Assistant Secretaries. The assistant secretary, or if there be
more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of
directors, the chief executive officer or the secretary (or if there be no such
determination, then in the order determined by their tenure in office), shall,
in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her inability or
refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and
shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors, the chief executive officer or the secretary may from time to time
prescribe. In the absence of the secretary or any assistant secretary at any
meeting of stockholders or directors, the person presiding at the meeting shall
designate a temporary or acting secretary to keep a record of the meeting.

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     Section 8. Treasurer. The treasurer shall perform such duties and shall
have such powers as may be assigned to him or her by the board of directors or
the chief executive officer. In addition, the treasurer shall perform such
duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of treasurer. The
treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall
keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging
to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in
the name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be
designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the
corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers
for such disbursements, and shall render to the chief executive officer and the
board of directors, when the chief executive officer or board of directors so
requires, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the
financial condition of the corporation.

     Section 9. Assistant Treasurers. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall
be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board
of directors, the chief executive officer or the treasurer (or if there be no
such determination, then in the order determined by their tenure in office),
shall, in the absence of the treasurer or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors, the chief executive officer or the treasurer may from time to time
prescribe.

     Section 10. Bond. If required by the board of directors, any officer shall
give the corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties and
upon such terms and conditions as shall be satisfactory to the board of
directors, including without limitation a bond for the faithful performance of
the duties of his office and for the restoration to the corporation of all
books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his
possession or under his control and belonging to the corporation.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                     NOTICES

     Section 1. Delivery. Whenever, under the provisions of law, or of the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, written notice is required to be
given to any director or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail,
addressed to such director or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the
records of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall
be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United
States mail. Unless written notice by mail is required by law, written notice
may also be given by telegram, cable, telecopy, commercial delivery service,
telex or similar means, addressed to such director or stockholder at his address
as it appears on the records of the corporation, in which case such notice shall
be deemed to be given when delivered into the control of the persons charged
with effecting such transmission, the transmission charge to be paid by the
corporation or the person sending such notice and not by the addressee. Oral
notice or other in-hand delivery (in person or by telephone) shall be deemed
given at the time it is actually given.

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     Section 2. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given
under the provisions of law or of the certificate of incorporation or of these
by-laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled
to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                 INDEMNIFICATION

     Section 1. Actions other than by or in the Right of the Corporation. The
corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than
an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he
is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection
with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner
he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had no
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any
action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a
plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a
presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

     Section 2. Actions by or in the Right of the Corporation. The corporation
shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a
party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right
of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that
he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation,
or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement
of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or
she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any
claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all
the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
or such other court shall deem proper.

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     Section 3. Success on the Merits. To the extent that any person described
in Section I or 2 of this Article V has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in said
Sections, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be
indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection therewith.

     Section 4. Specific Authorization. Any indemnification under Section I or 2
of this Article V (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation
only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that
indemnification of any person described in said Sections is proper in the
circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in
said Sections. Such determination shall be made (1) by the board of directors by
a majority vote of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or
proceeding (even though less than a quorum), or (2) if there are no
disinterested directors or if a majority of disinterested directors so directs,
by independent legal counsel (who may be regular legal counsel to the
corporation) in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders of the
corporation.

     Section 5. Advance Paying . Expenses incurred in defending a pending or
threatened civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the
corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of any person
described in said Section to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be
determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification by the corporation
as authorized in this Article V.

     Section 6. Non-Exclusivity. The indemnification and advancement of expenses
provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other Sections of this Article V shall
not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those provided
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any by-law,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as
to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office.

     Section 7. Insurance. The board of directors may authorize, by a vote of
the majority of the full board, the corporation to purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against
him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as
such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him
against such liability under the provisions of this Article V.

     Section 8. Continuation of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article V shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director,
officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,
executors and administrators of such a person.

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     Section 9.  Severability. If any word, clause or provision of this Article
V or any award made hereunder shall for any reason be determined to be invalid,
the provisions hereof shall not otherwise be affected thereby but shall remain
in full force and effect.

     Section 10.  Intent of Article. The intent of this Article V is to provide
for indemnification and advancement of expenses to the fullest extent permitted
by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. To the extent that
such Section or any successor section may be amended or supplemented from time
to time, this Article V shall be amended automatically and construed so as to
permit indemnification and advancement of expenses to the fullest extent from
time to time permitted by law.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                  CAPITAL STOCK

     Section 1. Certificate of Stock. Every holder of stock in the corporation
shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the
corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the
president or a vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or
the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the
number of shares owned by such holder in the corporation. Any or all of the
signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer
agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed
upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or
registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation
with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at
the date of issue. Certificates may be issued for partly paid shares and in such
case upon the face or back of the certificates issued to represent any such
partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor,
and the amount paid thereon shall be specified.

     Section 2. Lost Certificates. The board of directors may direct a new
certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or
certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give
reasonable evidence of such loss, theft or destruction, to advertise the same in
such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such
sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the
corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed or the issuance of such new certificate.

     Section 3. Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the corporation or the
transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares, duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to
transfer, and proper evidence of compliance with other conditions to rightful
transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to
the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the
transaction upon its books.

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     Section 4. Record Date. In order that the corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which
shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted by the board of directors, and which shall not be more than sixty days
nor less then ten days before the date of such meeting. A determination of
stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the
close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which
the meeting is held. In order that the corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which shall not precede
the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the
board of directors, and which shall not be more than ten days after the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of
directors. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by statute,
shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the
action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation as provided
in Section 10 of Article 1. If no record date is fixed and prior action by the
board of directors is required, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at
the close of business on the date on which the board of directors adopts the
resolution taking such prior action. In order that the corporation may determine
the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise
any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record
date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted, and which shall be not more than sixty days prior to
such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining
stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.

     Section 5. Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable
for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of
shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not
it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by
the laws of Delaware.

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                                   ARTICLE VII

                              CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

     Section 1.  Transactions with Interested Parties. No contract or
transaction between the corporation and one or more of its directors or
officers, or between the corporation and any other corporation, partnership,
association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or
officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void
or violable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is
present at or participates in the meeting of the board or committee thereof
which authorizes the contract or transaction or solely because his or their
votes are counted for such purpose, if


     (a) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the
     contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the board of
     directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith
     authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a
     majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested
     directors be less than a quorum; or

     (b) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the
     contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders
     entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically
     approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or

     (c) The contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the
     time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors, a
     committee thereof, or the stockholders.

     Section 2.  Quorum. Common or interested directors may be counted in
determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or
of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

     Section 1.  Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation,
if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special
meeting or by written consent, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash,
in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the
certificate of incorporation.

     Section 2.  Reserves. The directors may set apart out of any funds of the
corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose
and may abolish any such reserve.

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     Section 3. Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the
corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or
persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate.

     Section 4. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed
by resolution of the board of directors.

     Section 5. Seal. The board of directors may, by resolution, adopt a
corporate seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the
corporation, the year of its organization and the word "Delaware." The seal may
be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or
reproduced or otherwise. The seal may be altered from time to time by the board
of directors.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                   AMENDMENTS

     These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be
adopted by the stockholders or by the board of directors, when such power is
conferred upon the board of directors by the certificate of incorporation, at
any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors or at any
special meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors provided,
however, that in the case of a regular or special meeting of stockholders,
notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new by-laws be
contained in the notice of such meeting.

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                      Register of Amendments to the By-laws


                     Date      Section Affected       Change
                     ----      -----------------      ------

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