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Filed 3/8/15 P. v. Williams CA1/5

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION FIVE

THE PEOPLE,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

EDWARD MORRIS WILLIAMS,

Defendant and Appellant.

 A143202

 (Contra Costa County

 Super. Ct. No. 05-140960-6)

Edward Morris Williams appeals from an order of probation imposed after a jury 

found him guilty of possession of cocaine base and Dihydrocodeinone (Health & Saf. 

Code, § 11350, subd. (a)). Morris contends: (1) this court should examine the sealed 

record made in connection with his motion under Pitchess v. Superior Court (1974) 

11 Cal.3d 531 (Pitchess), to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion; and 

(2) the trial court erred in denying his motion for acquittal (Pen. Code, § 1118.1).

1 We 

affirm.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Williams was charged by information with possession of cocaine base and 

Dihydrocodeinone (Health & Saf. Code, § 11350, subd. (a); counts one & two 

respectively). The information further alleged Williams had a prior felony conviction, 

which was alleged as an enhancement (§ 667.5, subd. (b)) and later dismissed.

 

1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
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Prosecution’s Evidence

On August 4, 2012, around 6:30 a.m., Contra Costa Sheriff’s Deputy William 

Root responded to a domestic disturbance call in El Sobrante. In connection with that 

call, Root detained Williams and found a plastic sandwich bag containing loose pills in

Williams’s back pocket. After Williams was transported to jail, Root discovered that the 

bag contained another smaller bag. Inside the smaller bag, which had a knot tied in the 

plastic, Root found 13 yellow pills and 15 pills of a lighter yellow color. He also found 

eight large, off-white rocks, along with numerous smaller rocks. Root performed a 

“presumptive” test, which indicated the rocks contained cocaine.

A criminalist with the Contra Costa County Sheriff’s Department (Department) 

tested and analyzed the contents of the bags. She concluded that the off-white rocks were 

1.123 grams of cocaine base, which was a usable amount. She also determined both the 

yellow and off-yellow pills contained Dihydrocodeinone, also known as Hydrocodone, in 

usable amounts.

Defense and Rebuttal Evidence

The defense introduced Williams’s medical records, which included a prescription 

for Norco—a brand name drug containing five milligrams of Hydrocodone bitartrate and 

325 milligrams of acetaminophen. In rebuttal, the People’s narcotics and pharmacology 

expert, Walnut Creek Police Detective William Jeha, testified that manufacturers use 

shape, color, numbering, and lettering to distinguish among different medication 

strengths. Jeha identified both the yellow and off-yellow pills as Hydrocodone bitartrate, 

a generic form of Norco, in a dosage of 10 milligrams. The medication was identical, 

except made by different manufacturers. Williams’s prescription did not correspond to 

the pills found in his possession, as they contained double the prescribed dose of 

Hydrocodone.

Verdict and Sentence

The jury convicted Williams on both counts. Imposition of sentence was 

suspended, and Williams was ordered to serve a two-year term of probation under 

Proposition 36 (§ 1210.1). Williams filed a timely notice of appeal.
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II. DISCUSSION

Williams asks us to conduct an independent review of the trial court’s in camera 

proceedings, conducted pursuant to Pitchess, supra, 11 Cal.3d 531, to determine whether 

the trial court abused its discretion by withholding discoverable personnel records. 

Williams also argues the trial court erroneously denied his motion for acquittal on 

count two.

A. Pitchess Discovery

Prior to trial, Williams filed a Pitchess motion seeking discovery of potential 

impeachment information from Root’s confidential personnel records. (See Evid. Code, 

§ 1043, subd. (a) [“[i]n any case in which discovery or disclosure is sought of peace . . .

officer personnel records or records maintained pursuant to Section 832.5 . . . or 

information from those records, the party seeking the discovery or disclosure shall file a 

written motion with the appropriate court”].) The motion was supported with a 

declaration from Williams’s trial counsel who declared, on information and belief, that 

Root falsified portions of his police report. The trial court found that Williams had made 

the minimal showing required for an in-chambers review of records. After an in camera

review of the material produced by the Department’s custodian of records, the trial court 

stated: “I conducted a page-by-page review of all of the official records and the 

personnel records, which were brought here . . . . And as to those documents, I have 

reviewed them all, and there is nothing in those records which touches in any manner on 

the question of credibility, fabrication of evidence or the like. . . . [T]he Court found 

nothing, of relevance in the records, . . . which is discoverable.”

Williams asks us to independently review the trial court’s in camera Pitchess

proceedings to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion by withholding 

discoverable personnel records. On appeal, the reviewing court ordinarily should “itself 

[review] those documents (or [augment] the record to include those documents) and

[determine] whether the trial court . . . abused its discretion in refusing to disclose any of 

[the officer’s] records.” (People v. Mooc (2001) 26 Cal.4th 1216, 1228 (Mooc).)
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It is the trial court’s responsibility, in order to permit appellate review, to “make a 

record of what documents it examined before ruling on the Pitchess motion. . . . If the 

documents produced by the custodian are not voluminous, the court can photocopy them 

and place them in a confidential file. Alternatively, the court can prepare a list of the 

documents it considered, or simply state for the record what documents it examined. 

Without some record of the documents examined by the trial court, a party’s ability to 

obtain appellate review of the trial court’s decision, whether to disclose or not to disclose, 

would be nonexistent.” (Mooc, supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 1229, italics added.) Accordingly, 

if the court fails to prepare an adequate record, the matter should be remanded to the trial 

court with directions to hold a hearing to augment the record with the evidence it 

considered in chambers when it ruled on the Pitchess motion. (Mooc, at p. 1231; People 

v. Gaines (2009) 46 Cal.4th 172, 180–181.)

Contrary to the People’s assertion that Williams failed to furnish a sufficient 

record on appeal, Williams’s appellate counsel properly attempted to augment the record 

with the sealed transcript of the in camera Pitchess hearing and the documents reviewed 

by the trial court at that hearing. We received the sealed transcript from the trial court’s 

in camera review, but the clerk of the Contra Costa County Superior Court indicated that 

no further Pitchess material was in the superior court file. Our effort to obtain a copy of 

the records, or any log of such records, from the Department was unsuccessful.

We have only the sealed transcript of the trial court’s in camera review, in which 

the court “state[d] for the record what documents it examined.” (Mooc, supra, 26 Cal.4th 

at p. 1229.) However, when the confidential personnel files themselves are subsequently 

unavailable, the appellate court may conduct an adequate review by considering only the 

sealed transcript. (People v. Myles (2012) 53 Cal.4th 1181, 1209; People v. Prince

(2007) 40 Cal.4th 1179, 1285–1286; People v. Jackson (1996) 13 Cal.4th 1164, 1221, 

fn. 10; Mooc, supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 1229.) Having independently reviewed the sealed 

transcript, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to 

disclose any records from Root’s personnel file.
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B. Motion for Acquittal

Next, Williams contends that the trial court erred by denying his motion for 

acquittal. We disagree. At the conclusion of the defense case, Williams moved for an 

acquittal on count two, under section 1118.1. Williams argued: “At that point, what was 

in evidence was the People’s testimony, which didn’t include anything about the strength 

of Hydrocodone or Dihydrocodeinone. After the conclusion of defense’s case, there was 

a prescription for Hydrocodone, which previous testimony indicated contains

Dihydrocodeinone. . . . [B]ased on the state of evidence at that point, a reasonable juror 

would not be able to find [Williams] guilty of possessing Dihydrocodeinone.” The trial 

court denied the motion, allowed the People to attempt to rebut Williams’s prescription 

defense and instructed the jury, pursuant to CALCRIM No. 2304, that the People had the 

burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that Williams did not have a valid written 

prescription for the Dihydrocodeinone found in his back pocket.

“In a case tried before a jury, the court on motion of the defendant or on its own 

motion, at the close of the evidence on either side and before the case is submitted to the 

jury for decision, shall order the entry of a judgment of acquittal of one or more of the 

offenses charged in the accusatory pleading if the evidence then before the court is 

insufficient to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses on appeal. If such a 

motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the evidence offered by the prosecution is 

not granted, the defendant may offer evidence without first having reserved that right.” 

(§ 1118.1.)

“In ruling on a motion for judgment of acquittal pursuant to section 1118.1, a trial 

court applies the same standard an appellate court applies in reviewing the sufficiency of 

the evidence to support a conviction . . . .” (People v. Cole (2004) 33 Cal.4th 1158, 

1212–1213.) “ ‘ “[W]e do not determine the facts ourselves. Rather, we ‘examine the 

whole record in the light most favorable to the judgment to determine whether it discloses 

substantial evidence—evidence that is reasonable, credible and of solid value—such that 

a reasonable trier of fact could find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.’ 

[Citations.] We presume in support of the judgment the existence of every fact the trier 
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could reasonably deduce from the evidence. [Citation.] [¶] The same standard of review 

applies to cases in which the prosecution relies primarily on circumstantial evidence . . . . 

[Citation.] ‘[I]f the circumstances reasonably justify the jury’s findings, the judgment 

may not be reversed simply because the circumstances might also reasonably be 

reconciled with a contrary finding.’ [Citation.] We do not reweigh evidence or 

reevaluate a witness’s credibility.” ’ [Citations.] Notably, however, ‘[r]eview of the 

denial of a section 1118.1 motion made at the close of a prosecutor’s case-in-chief 

focuses on the state of the evidence as it stood at that point.’ ” (People v. Hajek and Vo

(2014) 58 Cal.4th 1144, 1182–1183.) On appeal, “[w]e review independently a trial 

court’s ruling under section 1118.1 that the evidence is sufficient to support a 

conviction.” (Cole, at p. 1213.)

Williams contends: “At the close of the prosecutor’s case-in-chief and after the 

defense introduced its only evidence—[Williams’s] prescription . . . —there was no 

evidence to support [count two], since it is not illegal to possess a controlled substance 

for which there is a prescription.”

Although Health and Safety Code section 11350, subdivision (a), is silent on the 

question of which party bears the burden of proof on a prescription defense, the case law 

is clear that, under the rule of convenience and necessity, the defendant has the burden. 

(Ibid. [“every person who possesses . . . any controlled substance . . . , unless upon the 

written prescription of a physician . . . licensed to practice in this state, shall be punished 

by imprisonment”]; People v. Mower (2002) 28 Cal.4th 457, 477; People v. Marschalk 

(1962) 206 Cal.App.2d 346, 349 [“the privilege of possessing a narcotic must be shown 

affirmatively by the defendant”]; People v. Martinez (1953) 117 Cal.App.2d 701, 708 

[“when a license or prescription would be a complete defense, the burden is upon the 

accused to prove that fact”]; People v. Bill (1934) 140 Cal.App. 389, 392–393.) 

However, because the defense relates to the elements of the charged offense, Williams 

burden was only a burden of production—he merely had to raise a reasonable doubt as to 

his guilt. (Mower, at pp. 479–480.)
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“ ‘The purpose of a motion under section 1118.1 is to weed out as soon as possible 

those few instances in which the prosecution fails to make even a prima facie’ ” case 

during its case-in-chief. (People v. Stevens (2007) 41 Cal.4th 182, 200.) Williams 

provides no authority for his implicit proposition that, having presented such a prima 

facie case, the People were barred from presenting rebuttal evidence after the defense 

introduced evidence of his prescription. Even if this were the case, viewing the record in 

the light most favorable to the judgment, we conclude there is substantial evidence from 

which a rational jury could find Williams possessed the Dihydrocodeinone without a 

valid written prescription. The People showed that Williams possessed 

Dihydrocodeinone, not in a prescription pill bottle, but in a clear, plastic baggie, with a 

knot tied in the plastic, in his back pocket. The bag containing the Dihydrocodeinone 

pills was also held by Williams inside a second baggie containing cocaine base. Even 

without Jeha’s testimony, the manner of Williams’s possession of the Dihydrocodeinone

supports a finding that he did not have a valid written prescription. The trial court did not 

err in denying the motion for acquittal.

III. DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

_________________________

BRUINIERS, J.

WE CONCUR:

_________________________

SIMONS, Acting P. J.

_________________________

NEEDHAM, J.