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# integrated-photonics.png

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                        - Compact strontium optical clock with integrated photonics

**Compact system for two-stage cooling of atomic strontium using integrated photonics.** (a) Ultra-high vacuum physics package with a thermal Sr beam and alignment-free MOT.  Inset:  enlargement of our MOT assembly featuring semiconductor wafers with multifunction metasurfaces (MSs) that generate the trapping beams at 461 nm and 689 nm and magnetic field coils (square brown rings).  (b-d) beam formation with integrated photonics. b) Each MS simultaneously deflects, focuses and circularly polarizes light emitted by a single-mode, polarization-maintaining fiber. (c) Scanning electron microscope image of a MS with 900 nm tall TiO2 pillars.  d) Photographs of the 461 nm (blue) and 689 nm (red) optical beam propagation at different heights, with all six beams intersecting at the trap center at z=0.  (e,f) Magneto-optical trapping of 88Sr.  (e) Photograph of the apparatus and atomic fluorescence for the pre-cooling 461 nm MOT.  (f) False color image of 88Sr atoms trapped in the second-stage MOT at 689 nm. 

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