NO. 07-05-0033-CV

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AMARILLO

PANEL D

JULY 7, 2005

______________________________

IN RE COVENANT MEDICAL CENTER

AND JOHN EATON, L.V.N., RELATORS

_________________________________

FROM THE 99TH DISTRICT COURT OF LUBBOCK COUNTY;

NO. 03-522-597; HON. MACKEY K. HANCOCK, PRESIDING

_______________________________

Before QUINN, C.J., and REAVIS and CAMPBELL, JJ.

DISSENTING OPINION

In my judgment, Cord’s mistaken belief that Dr. Antognoli’s report complied with

section 13.01(r)(6) is not a mistake of law that entitled him to a section 13.01(g) grace

period, and the trial court abused its discretion in granting the grace period. 

The principle discussed in the Schneider, 118 S.W.3d 886, and Traut, 75 S.W.3d

661, cases, that expert testimony is not required to establish the causal relationship

between a breach of the standard of care and the injuries claimed when that relationship

fairly may be evaluated by the factfinder’s general experience and common sense, does

not seem to me to apply to this case. According to Antognoli’s report, this case is not
1As discussed below, Antognoli’s report does not say Cord stopped breathing. 

2Relators contended before the trial court that the expert report was inadequate for

the additional reason that its statement concerning causation was a mere conclusion. See

Bowie Mem’l Hosp. v. Wright, 79 S.W.3d 48, 53 (Tex. 2002). Relators’ mandamus petition

here does not make that contention. 

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simply about a failure to monitor a patient who stopped breathing.1 The report provides

three pages of detail, criticizing the nursing care provided Cord in several particulars,

including the incorrect administration of morphine; the failure to accurately and completely

document nursing interventions and physician orders and the patient’s response to the

interventions and orders; the failure to record vital signs, pulse oximetry readings and

physical assessments; failures in communication between professional and LVN nursing

staff; and the failure to determine and record the amount of morphine administered to Cord.

The report then concludes with a statement concerning causation, by which Antognoli

opines that the breaches of the nursing standards “directly contributed to Andrew Cord’s

post-surgical complication of respiratory depression and subsequent anoxic

encephalopathy.”2

General experience and common sense manifestly would not enable a factfinder to

evaluate fairly the relationship between Cord’s neurological damage and the breaches the

report says “directly contributed” to his injuries. 

Cord’s contention that his counsel mistakenly believed Antognoli was qualified to

address causation also cannot support a finding of accident or mistake under Walker

because the asserted mistaken belief does not match the report. Cord’s response to

relators’ petition cites his counsel’s testimony that he believed a nurse is qualified to state
3The completestatement quoted in Cord’s response, from counsel’s testimony at the

hearing at which the trial court granted the grace period, was: “In good faith, we didn’t

need [a brain injury expert]. Obviously, in proof at the trial of the case, we have to show the

extent of his injuries. And we are using his treating physicians. But, as far as showing that

harm’s done if you don’t breathe, we certainly felt that a nurse was qualified to state that.”

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that “harm’s done if you don’t breathe.”3 But Antognoli’s report does not say that Cord

stopped breathing. It does say that, according to medical records and deposition

testimony, he was found with “deep, shallow, noisy slow respirations of 16 per minute.” It

also says he was unconscious and unresponsive, and that he was exhibiting seizure

activity. And the report does not just say that he suffered “harm.” It says he suffered

anoxic encephalopathy. By its definition in section 13.01(r)(6), an expert report is one that

addresses the standard of care, the manner in which the care rendered failed to meet the

standard, and “the causal relationship between that failure and the injury, harm, or

damages claimed.” (emphasis mine). Whether we read Cord’s pleadings (which allege

Cord was diagnosed with “hypoxic encepholopathy”) or the section 13.01 expert report, the

injury, harm or damages claimed is brain damage. Counsel’s stated belief that Antognoli

is qualified to opine “that harm’s done if you don’t breathe” does not equate to a mistaken

belief that she is qualified to render the opinions contained in her report. 

In view of the injury claimed and the settled requirements for section 13.01(d)

reports, see Chisholm, 63 S.W.3d at 906; Windisch, 138 S.W.3d at 511, I cannot agree that

a belief no expert testimony on causation was required, or that counsel’s stated belief that

Antognoli was qualified, constitutes the kind of mistake of law that entitled Cord to a section

13.01(g) grace period. Walker, 111 S.W.3d at 64. 
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I would hold that the report omitted a required expert opinion on the issue of

causation, see §13.01(r)(6); Chisholm, 63 S.W.3d at 907, and that Cord’s mistaken belief

that the report complied with the statute is not a mistake of law that entitled him to a section

13.01(g) grace period. See Walker, 111 S.W.3d at 64-65; In re Brown, No. 07-04-0455-CV,

2005 Tex.App. LEXIS 684, at *6-*7 (Tex.App.–Amarillo January 7, 2005, no pet. h.).

Accordingly, I would grant relators their requested relief, and respectfully dissent from the

Court’s disposition of their petition. 

James T. Campbell

 Justice