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Filed 10/7/13 In re A.I. CA1/2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

In re A.I. and Anthony I., Persons Coming 

Under the Juvenile Court Law.

M.P.,

Petitioner,

v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF CONTRA 

COSTA COUNTY,

Respondent;

CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CHILDREN 

AND FAMILY SERVICES BUREAU,

Real Party in Interest.

 A139227

 (Contra Costa County

 Super. Ct. Nos. J1200662, J1200663)

I. INTRODUCTION 

In this petition for an extraordinary writ, M.P., the mother of A.I. and Anthony I., 

challenges the juvenile court’s order, made at the 12-month review hearing, terminating 

her parental rights and setting the matter for a hearing under Welfare and Institutions 

Code section 366.26.1 Mother contends the juvenile court’s order must be vacated 

 

1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code, unless 

otherwise noted.
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because she was entitled to, and did not receive, six months of reunification services. We 

disagree and affirm the court’s order.

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A.I. and Anthony I.2first came to the Bureau’s notice in April 2012. A petition 

was filed on April 23, 2012 alleging that Father had grabbed Mother and punched her in 

the back and side of the head, arm and hands. He also grabbed a lanyard that was around 

Mother’s neck and choked her with it. The petition further alleged that the home in 

which A.I. and Anthony lived with Mother was “cluttered with trash throughout the home 

and food on the floors making it difficult to move about the residence and unsuited for 

safe and healthy habitation.”

A detention hearing was held on April 24, 2012. At that time, the children were 

detained and placed with a relative. Pending further proceedings, the court ordered that 

Mother be provided with the following services: alcohol and drug testing, parenting 

education, domestic violence education and counseling. The court ordered that mother be 

given in-person, Bureau-supervised visitation for a minimum of one hour twice a month 

at a location approved of by the Bureau. Mother was also given telephone contact 

visitation.

The court set a jurisdictional hearing for April 30, 2012. This hearing was 

continued to May 14, 2012. On May 14, 2012, the hearing was again continued, this time 

to June 18, 2012 in order to permit parents to attend a mediation session. The hearing 

was continued a third time to June 25, 2012 because the parents did not appear at 

mediation.

In its detention and jurisdiction report filed on June 25, 2012, the Bureau noted 

that “court dependency information” had been provided to Mother. She “also received a 

list of referrals for parenting education, domestic violence assistance, and counseling.” 

She was also “advised that a drug testing referral would be submitted.”

 

2 A.I. was a year old when she and Anthony were detained. Her brother Anthony 

was four years old when he and his sister were detained. 
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The Bureau’s “case planning recommendation” reiterated the facts already set out 

in its earlier filed petitions, and “respectfully recommended that this referral be promoted 

to a Court case and petitions be filed on behalf of the minors.” The Bureau did not put 

forward any plan for reunification services.

On June 25, 2012, the court sustained the petition and found the children to be 

described by section 300, subdivision (b). The contested jurisdictional hearing was 

continued to July 23, 2012. This hearing was again continued to August 6, 2012. On 

August 6, 2012, the Bureau filed a “memorandum” intended to “present corrected 

recommendations to the court and all parties.” These recommendations included that the 

court “[o]rder that Children & Family Services make appropriate Child Welfare Services 

available to the child and parents in order to help the child return home, which shall 

include, but not be limited to, those services set forth in the Child Welfare Services Case 

Plan, which is incorporated into this order by this reference, and with which the parties

are ordered to comply.” This case plan is not, however, attached to the document filed on 

this date. Elsewhere in the record is an unfiled Disposition Report that does contain a 

case plan. The report was signed on July 23, 2012 by a judicial officer and there is a 

handwritten notation on the report stating “not followed.” It is not clear whether the case 

plan referred to in the August 6, 2012, memorandum is the same as the case plan 

contained in the unfiled Disposition Report. However, on August 6, 2012, the court 

ordered that the Bureau was required to make available to Mother services included in the 

reunification plan dated “8/06/02.” 

A six-month review hearing was scheduled for January 14, 2013. A week before 

the hearing, the Bureau requested a continuance for two weeks and reported that it had 

had no contact with either parent for approximately five months. The Bureau also noted 

that the parents had not requested an visits with the children and had not contacted the 

children’s caregivers to inquire about the children’s well being. On January 31, 2013, the 

court set the matter for a contested hearing to be held on February 11, 2013. On February 

11, 2013, the matter was continued to February 28, 2013 because the social worker was 

unavailable. The hearing was again continued at that time and the court ordered the 
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Bureau to provide it with a “due diligence report” regarding the Father’s whereabouts by 

March 14, 2013.

In a Declaration of Due Diligence filed on March 14, 2013, the Bureau reported 

that it had sought information on Father’s whereabouts, was unable to locate him, and 

had not been contacted by him. On March 14, 2013, the court accepted this declaration 

and set the contested hearing to March 19, 2013. 

At that hearing, which took place on March 19 and March 21, it emerged that the 

Bureau had failed to provide Mother with reasonable services by, essentially, leaving 

Mother almost entirely to her own devices to access the visitation and counseling in 

which she was required to participate. The juvenile court stated that it was very 

concerned about the lack of guidance given Mother, found that reasonable services had 

not been provided and ordered that “reunification services continue for another six 

months.” A review hearing was scheduled for June 17, 2013.

On April 22, 2103, the Bureau moved ex parte for the court’s approval of surgery 

on Anthony’s thumb. At the time the motion was filed, the Bureau had been in contact 

with Mother, who had agreed to get Anthony’s medical records from Kaiser and fax them 

to the surgeon. Mother had not done so and the social worker was not able to get back in 

touch with her. On May 30, 2013, the Bureau filed a second ex parte application asking 

permission for the children’s relative caregivers to leave them with their paternal 

grandparents for a visit. The court granted both requests. 

On June 17, 2013, the court held a review hearing. At that time, the Bureau 

requested that the court terminate services and set a 366.26 hearing. Counsel for Mother 

requested a date for a contested hearing, which was set for July 10, 2013. 

The Bureau filed a status review report on July 10, 2013. The Bureau stated that it 

had been in contact with Mother on April 4, 2013. Mother said she was going to 

participation in a residential drug treatment program. She was concerned about the 

planned surgery on her son’s thumb and stated that she would obtain medical records to 

give to her son’s surgeon. After that conversation, Mother could not be contacted. 
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The Bureau received a police report concerning an attempted car theft by Mother. 

In her backpack, Mother had “several shaved vehicle keys for various types of vehicles, 

several electronic door lock devices for various types of vehicles, screwdrivers, bolt 

cutters, awl, needle nose pliers, wire splicer, mallet and a flashlight.” 

On May 8, 2013, Mother came to the Bureau, informed them of her trial date (May 

23, 2013), and received transportation tickets. At that time, her case worker discussed 

drug testing and attending NA classes with her. The case worker also provided her with a 

copy of her case plan and went over it with her. Mother was offered resources and 

declined them on the ground that she had received several referrals when she left jail. 

The case worker arranged visitation for Mother on May 23 and May 30. Mother attended 

both visits. She also attended a supervised visit on April 22, 2103 and missed a visit on 

June 13, 2013. At the time the report was filed, Mother had not yet entered a residential 

drug treatment program and had provided no verification that she had participated in NA 

meetings. Despite being told on several occasions that she was required to drug test, 

Mother did not do so. In fact, between April and the date of the report, Mother was 

assigned 13 drug testing dates. She completed none of them. Mother did not have her 

own housing, having moved in with her Mother. In addition, she did not participate in 

her child’s health care needs and had been recently arrested. Mother had failed to 

participate in domestic violence prevention program as required under her case plan. 

Mother gave birth to a child on January 10, 2013. At the time, she and the child tested 

positive for methamphetamine. 

At the review hearing on July 10, 2013, Counsel made an offer of proof that 

Mother would “indicate to the Court that she has been in custody on a warrant, failure to 

appear warrant for approximately 16 days. She has during that time signed up for a 

parenting inside-out class. She did that on July 9th of 2013. On June 28th of 2013, she 

engaged in a deuce program and has proof of that in regard to her attendance and she has 

attended regularly that program since being in custody. And she has also engaged in an 

anger management class and that is a voluntary class, it’s not a requirement of her 

incarceration. And she appears to have attended that class approximately four times. [¶] 
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She has visited her children, as the court report indicates, and has not been able to visit 

since she went into custody which was on or about June 24th of 2013. She loves her 

children very much. And would like to continue to have an opportunity to engage in 

services to reunify with them. She is to be released on July 24 and that release will be to 

the Rectory, which is a drug treatment program.” 

The court found that it was clear that “neither parent has participated in any 

meaningful way with their case plans.” The court declared itself “unwilling to make 

these children wait any longer for what they deserve, which is permanency in their life in 

a stable, loving household. [¶] And these parents—and Ms. [P.], you were given extra 

time. You came in here and you testified and you presented as if you were truly 

committed to this. And it’s really tragic when substance abuse gets to the level that the 

love and desire to be with your children is overcome by the disease of addiction. And in 

this case that’s exactly what has happened. I don’t doubt for a minute Ms. [P.]’s love for 

the children. . . . [¶] However, all of that being said, these proceedings, although they’re 

about the family, they’re not about the parents. They’re really about the children. And I 

have to do what’s best in the interest of these children and their safety and well being. 

[¶] So because of all those reasons and the discussion here today and what’s set forth in 

both of these reports I am going to follow the recommendation. I am hereby terminating 

services to both parents. I am setting a 000.26 hearing.” Although this hearing was set 

for two months before the end of the six additional months of services given Mother, 

counsel did not object or otherwise call this matter to the court’s attention. 

A hearing pursuant to section 366.26 was then set for November 4, 2013. 

III. DISCUSSION

Mother makes only one argument—namely, that the court erred in setting the 

section 366.26 hearing on July 10, 2013, two months before the end of the additional six 

months of services the court had granted her. We disagree. 

First, at the July 10, 2013 hearing, all parties—including Mother’s counsel—were 

in accord with the court’s decision to terminate Mother’s services at the four-month mark 

and set the matter for a section 366.26 hearing. Mother’s counsel made a statement prior 
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to the court’s ruling that made it clear Mother did not object to the court’s decision to 

shorten the reunification services she would receive. Counsel told the court: 

“Unfortunately, in spite of the opportunities that my client was given to engage in 

services and an additional six months of services at the six-month review date, she has 

not been able to avail herself of those services. The report is essentially accurate. My 

client is unfortunately very much, in my opinion, under the influence of an addiction, 

which she just has not been able to address. And I am hopeful that she will go to the 

Rectory when she is released from custody and that she will take that opportunity if not 

for her children but for herself to try to rehabilitate and address this addiction. [¶] 

Unfortunately, we are at the 12-month timeframe for these two children. And I know that 

mother loves her children very much and I think that she, when she is able to visit them, 

she does and has visited regularly for the months of May and June. Prior to that, the 

reports I think are accurate in regard to the visit record. But I am hopeful that she will be 

able to pull it together and I would be very willing to file on her behalf a motion to have 

this Court reconsider her services between now and the time the 000.26 hearing is set in 

the event the Court does not grant her any additional time today.” Mother has, therefore, 

waived any claim of error. 

However, even if Mother had objected, any such objection would have been 

unavailing. The length of services to which a parent of a child under three is entitled is a 

matter of discretion. (In re Aryanna C. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 1234.) We recently held 

that the same was true for a dependent minor over the age of three. (In re Derrick S. 

(2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 436, 439 (Derrick S.).) In Derrick S. we held that, regardless of 

a dependent’s age, “[n]o statute or rule of court restricts a juvenile court’s discretion to 

order less than the maximum amount of reunification services when confronted with a 

parent who is unwilling or unable to benefit from additional reunification services, or if 

for other reasons the likelihood of reunifying the family is faint.” (Ibid.) There is simply 

“no absolute right to receive the maximum amount of statutorily fixed services in any and 

all circumstances.” (Id. at p. 445.) Accordingly, just as “a juvenile court conducting a 

dependency for a child above the age of three retains the discretion to terminate the 
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provision of reunification services before expiration of the 12-month period,” so too may 

it do so at the expiration of the six-month period. (Id. at p. 449.) We reject, therefore, 

Mother’s suggestion that she is entitled to six months of services as a matter of right. 

It is of no moment that here the court twice ordered the Bureau to give Mother 

reunification services—once at the outset of the matter and a second time after it found 

the Bureau had not provided adequate services. The court’s decision at the July 10 

hearing to terminate reunification services at the four-month mark involves the same 

discretionary decision it made when it ordered them originally. Given that Mother had 

not fulfilled any of the requirements of her case plan other than visiting her children, the 

juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in reducing Mother’s services from six months 

to four and setting a section 366.26 hearing. 

IV. DISPOSITION 

The petition for extraordinary writ is denied on the merits. The request for a stay 

is also denied. Since the permanency planning hearing is presently set for November 4, 

2013, our decision on the writ petition is final as to this court immediately. (Cal. Rules of 

Court, rule 8.490(b)(3).) 
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_________________________

Haerle, Acting P.J.

We concur:

_________________________

Richman, J.

_________________________

Brick J.*

* Judge of the Alameda County Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice 

pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.