EX-4.4



 Exhibit 4.4 

TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD. 

to 

[                       
                 ] 
 Trustee 

INDENTURE 
 Dated as of
[            ] 
 SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES 







 TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD. 

Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 310 

through 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 
  

			
	 Trust Indenture Act Section
	  	 Indenture Section

	 Section 310(a)(1)
	  	609
	 (a)(2)
	  	609
	 (a)(3)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (a)(4)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (b)
	  	608
	 Section 311(a)
	  	613
	 (b)
	  	613
	 Section 312(a)
	  	701
		  	702
	 (b)
	  	702
	 (c)
	  	702
	 Section 313(a)
	  	703
	 (b)
	  	703
	 (c)
	  	703
	 (d)
	  	703
	 Section 314(a)
	  	704
	 (a)(4)
	  	101
	 (b)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (c)(1)
	  	102
	 (c)(2)
	  	102
	 (c)(3)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (d)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (e)
	  	102
	 Section 315(a)
	  	601
	 (b)
	  	602
	 (c)
	  	601
	 (d)
	  	601
	 (e)
	  	514
	 Section 316(a)
	  	101
	 (a)(1)(A)
	  	502
		  	512
	 (a)(1)(B)
	  	513
	 (a)(2)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (b)
	  	508
	 (c)
	  	104
	 Section 317(a)(1)
	  	503
	 (a)(2)
	  	504
	 (b)
	  	1003
	 Section 318(a)
	  	107

 Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture. 

  
 i 








 Table of Contents 

 

							
	 	    	 	  	Page	 
		
	 ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
	  	 	1	  
			
	 Section 1.01.
	    	Definitions	  	 	1	  
	 Section 1.02.
	    	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	  	 	8	  
	 Section 1.03.
	    	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	  	 	8	  
	 Section 1.04.
	    	Acts of Holders; Record Dates	  	 	9	  
	 Section 1.05.
	    	Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company	  	 	11	  
	 Section 1.06.
	    	Notice to Holders; Waiver	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.07.
	    	Trust Indenture Act Matters	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.08.
	    	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.09.
	    	Successors and Assigns	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.10.
	    	Separability Clause	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.11.
	    	Benefits of Indenture	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.12.
	    	Governing Law	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.13.
	    	Legal Holidays	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.14.
	    	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.15.
	    	No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.16.
	    	Language of Notices, Etc	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.17.
	    	Force Majeure	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.18.
	    	Waiver of Jury Trial	  	 	14	  
		
	 ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS
	  	 	14	  
			
	 Section 2.01.
	    	Forms Generally	  	 	14	  
	 Section 2.02.
	    	Form of Face of Security	  	 	14	  
	 Section 2.03.
	    	Form of Reverse of Security	  	 	16	  
	 Section 2.04.
	    	Form of Legend for Global Securities	  	 	20	  
	 Section 2.05.
	    	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	  	 	21	  
		
	 ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES
	  	 	21	  
			
	 Section 3.01.
	    	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	  	 	21	  
	 Section 3.02.
	    	Denominations	  	 	24	  
	 Section 3.03.
	    	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	  	 	24	  
	 Section 3.04.
	    	Temporary Securities	  	 	25	  
	 Section 3.05.
	    	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	  	 	26	  
	 Section 3.06.
	    	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Wrongfully Taken Securities	  	 	28	  
	 Section 3.07.
	    	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved	  	 	29	  
	 Section 3.08.
	    	Persons Deemed Owners	  	 	30	  
	 Section 3.09.
	    	Cancellation	  	 	31	  
	 Section 3.10.
	    	Computation of Interest	  	 	31	  
	 Section 3.11.
	    	CUSIP Numbers	  	 	31	  


  
 ii 









							
	 ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
		 	31	  
			
	 Section 4.01.
		Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture		 	31	  
	 Section 4.02.
		Application of Trust Money		 	33	  
		
	 ARTICLE V REMEDIES
		 	33	  
			
	 Section 5.01.
		Events of Default		 	33	  
	 Section 5.02.
		Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment		 	34	  
	 Section 5.03.
		Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee		 	35	  
	 Section 5.04.
		Trustee May File Proofs of Claim		 	36	  
	 Section 5.05.
		Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities		 	36	  
	 Section 5.06.
		Application of Money Collected		 	36	  
	 Section 5.07.
		Limitation on Suits		 	37	  
	 Section 5.08.
		Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert		 	37	  
	 Section 5.09.
		Restoration of Rights and Remedies		 	38	  
	 Section 5.10.
		Rights and Remedies Cumulative		 	38	  
	 Section 5.11.
		Delay or Omission Not Waiver		 	38	  
	 Section 5.12.
		Control by Holders		 	38	  
	 Section 5.13.
		Waiver of Past Defaults		 	38	  
	 Section 5.14.
		Undertaking for Costs		 	39	  
	 Section 5.15.
		Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws		 	39	  
		
	 ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE
		 	39	  
			
	 Section 6.01.
		Certain Duties and Responsibilities		 	39	  
	 Section 6.02.
		Notice of Defaults		 	41	  
	 Section 6.03.
		Certain Rights of Trustee		 	41	  
	 Section 6.04.
		Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities		 	42	  
	 Section 6.05.
		May Hold Securities		 	43	  
	 Section 6.06.
		Money Held in Trust		 	43	  
	 Section 6.07.
		Compensation and Reimbursement		 	43	  
	 Section 6.08.
		Conflicting Interests		 	44	  
	 Section 6.09.
		Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility		 	44	  
	 Section 6.10.
		Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor		 	44	  
	 Section 6.11.
		Acceptance of Appointment by Successor		 	46	  
	 Section 6.12.
		Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business		 	47	  
	 Section 6.13.
		Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company		 	47	  
	 Section 6.14.
		Appointment of Authenticating Agent		 	47	  
		
	 ARTICLE VII HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY
		 	49	  
			
	 Section 7.01.
		Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders		 	49	  
	 Section 7.02.
		Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders		 	49	  


  
 iii 









							
	 Section 7.03.
		Reports by Trustee		 	49	  
	 Section 7.04.
		Reports by Company		 	49	  
		
	 ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE
		 	50	  
			
	 Section 8.01.
		Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms		 	50	  
	 Section 8.02.
		Successor Substituted		 	50	  
		
	 ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
		 	51	  
			
	 Section 9.01.
		Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders		 	51	  
	 Section 9.02.
		Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders		 	52	  
	 Section 9.03.
		Execution of Supplemental Indentures		 	54	  
	 Section 9.04.
		Effect of Supplemental Indentures		 	54	  
	 Section 9.05.
		Conformity with Trust Indenture Act		 	54	  
	 Section 9.06.
		Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures		 	54	  
		
	 ARTICLE X COVENANTS
		 	54	  
			
	 Section 10.01.
		Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest		 	54	  
	 Section 10.02.
		Maintenance of Office or Agency		 	54	  
	 Section 10.03.
		Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust		 	55	  
	 Section 10.04.
		Statement by Officers as to Default		 	56	  
	 Section 10.05.
		Waiver of Certain Covenants		 	56	  
		
	 ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
		 	57	  
			
	 Section 11.01.
		Applicability of Article		 	57	  
	 Section 11.02.
		Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee		 	57	  
	 Section 11.03.
		Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed		 	57	  
	 Section 11.04.
		Notice of Redemption		 	58	  
	 Section 11.05.
		Deposit of Redemption Price		 	59	  
	 Section 11.06.
		Securities Payable on Redemption Date		 	59	  
	 Section 11.07.
		Securities Redeemed in Part		 	59	  
	 Section 11.08.
		No Limit on Repurchases		 	60	  
		
	 ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS
		 	60	  
			
	 Section 12.01.
		Applicability of Article		 	60	  
	 Section 12.02.
		Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities		 	60	  
	 Section 12.03.
		Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund		 	61	  
		
	 ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
		 	61	  
			
	 Section 13.01.
		Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		 	61	  
	 Section 13.02.
		Defeasance and Discharge		 	61	  
	 Section 13.03.
		Covenant Defeasance		 	62	  


  
 iv 









							
	 Section 13.04.
		Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		 	62	  
	 Section 13.05.
		Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions		 	64	  
	 Section 13.06.
		Reinstatement		 	64	  


  
 v 








 INDENTURE, dated as of
[            ], between TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD., an exempted company with limited liability duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda (herein called the
“Company”), having its principal office at 16803 Dallas Parkway, Addison, Texas 75001, and [            ], as Trustee (herein called the
“Trustee”). 
 RECITALS OF THE COMPANY 

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its [un]secured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Securities”) to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided. 

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company in accordance with its terms have been done. 

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows: 
 ARTICLE I 

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS 

OF GENERAL APPLICATION 

Section 1.01. Definitions. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context
otherwise requires: 
 (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include
the plural as well as the singular; 
 (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either
directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; 
 (3) all accounting terms not otherwise
defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP; 
 (4) unless the context otherwise requires, any
reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture; 

(5) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this
Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; 
 (6) when used with respect to any
Security, the words “convert,” “converted” and “conversion” are intended to refer to the right of the Holder or the Company to convert or exchange such Security into or for securities or other property in accordance
with such terms, if any, as may hereafter be specified for such Security as contemplated 







 
by Section 3.01, and these words are not intended to refer to any right of the Holder or the Company to exchange such Security for other Securities of the same series and like tenor
pursuant to Section 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.07 or another similar provision of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires; and references herein to the terms of any Security that may be converted
mean such terms as may be specified for such Security as contemplated in Section 3.01; 
 (7) unless the context
otherwise requires, any reference to “duly provided for” and other words of similar import with respect to any amount or property required to be paid or delivered, as applicable, shall include, without limitation, having made such amount
or property available for payment or delivery; 
 (8) references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act shall be
deemed to include substitute, replacement of successor sections or rules adopted by the Commission from time to time; 
 (9)
when the words “includes” or “including” are used herein, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation;” 

(10) “or” is not exclusive; and 

(11) references to “$” or “Dollars” means lawful currency of the United States of America 

“Act,” when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.04. 

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by, or
under direct or indirect common control with, such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person,
directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 

“Applicable Procedures” of a Depositary means, with respect to any matter at any time, the policies and procedures of
such Depositary, if any, that are applicable to such matter at such time. 
 “Authenticating Agent” means, when used
with respect to Securities of any series, any Person authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate the Securities of such series. 

“Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that
board. 
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of
the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. Where any provision of this Indenture refers to action to be taken pursuant to a
Board Resolution 

  
 2 








 
(including the establishment of any series of the Securities and the forms and terms thereof), such action may be taken by any officer or employee of the Company authorized to take such action by
the Board of Directors as evidenced by a Board Resolution. 
 “Business Day,” when used with respect to any Place of
Payment, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close; provided that, when used with
respect to any Security, “Business Day” may have such other meaning, if any, as may be specified for such Security as contemplated by Section 3.01. 

“Capital Stock” means: 

(1) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock; 

(2) in the case of a limited liability company or similar entity, any membership or similar interests therein; 

(3) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other
equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; 
 (4) in the case of a partnership, partnership interests (whether
general or limited); and 
 (5) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of
the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. 
 “Commission” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. 
 “Company” means the Person named as the
“Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person. 

“Company Request” or “Company Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of
the Company by any two of the following: a Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, or
any other officer or officers of the Company designated in writing by or pursuant to authority of the Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee from time to time. 

“Corporate Trust Office” means the designated office of the Trustee at such address as the Trustee may designate from
time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee. 

  
 3 








 “corporation” means a corporation, association, company (including a
limited liability company), joint-stock company, business trust or other business entity (other than a partnership). 
 “Covenant
Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.03. 
 “Defaulted Interest” has the meaning
specified in Section 3.07. 
 “Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.02. 

“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more
Global Securities, a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as depositary for such Securities as contemplated by Section 3.01. 

“DTC” has the meaning specified in Section 1.04. 

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.01. 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended
from time to time. 
 “Expiration Date” has the meaning specified in Section 1.04. 

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting
Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or in such other statements by such other entity
as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect from time to time. All ratio computations based on GAAP contained in this Indenture will be computed in conformity with GAAP. 

“Global Security” means a Security that evidences all or part of the Securities of any series and bears the legend set
forth in Section 2.04 (or such legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for such Securities). 

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is, at the time of determination, registered in the Security
Register. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture” shall also include the terms of any particular series or specific Securities
within a series established as contemplated by Section 3.01. 
 “interest,” when used with
respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity. 

  
 4 








 “Interest Payment Date,” when used with respect to any
Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security. 
 “Maturity,” when used with
respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for
redemption or otherwise. 
 “Notice of Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in Section
5.01(4). 
 “Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer,
the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Vice-President of such Person or in the case of a Person that is a partnership that has no such
officers, any such officer of a general partner of such Person. 
 “Officers’ Certificate” means
a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by at least two Officers of the Company, one of whom shall be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that
meets the requirements of Section 1.02. 
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel
(who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company or any Affiliate thereof) who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee that meets the requirements of Section 1.02. 

“Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount
thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02. 

“Outstanding,” when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
 (1) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee
or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; 
 (2) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount
has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities;
provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; 

(3) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to Section 13.02; 

(4) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.06 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities
have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser in
whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; and 

  
 5 








 (5) Securities as to which any property deliverable upon conversion thereof has
been delivered (or such delivery has been duly provided for), or as to which any other particular conditions have been satisfied, in each case as may be provided for such Securities as contemplated in Section 3.01; 

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or
taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount
of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 5.02, (B) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a
Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 3.01, (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated in
one or more foreign currencies, composite currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 3.01, of the principal
amount of such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in Clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as provided in such Clause), and (D) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of
the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.

 “Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on
any Securities on behalf of the Company. 
 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Place of
Payment,” when used with respect to the Securities of any series and subject to Section 10.02, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as
contemplated by Section 3.01. 
 “Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.06 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security. 

  
 6 








 “Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture. 
 “Redemption Price,” when used with
respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture. 
 “Regular
Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series, means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.01. 

“Responsible Officer,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the corporate trust department
of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate
trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. 

“Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
 “Security Register” and
“Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.05. 
 “Special Record
Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest, means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.07. 

“Stated Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon,
means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable. 

“Subsidiary,” with respect to any Person, means any (i) corporation (other than a partnership) of which the
outstanding capital stock having a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors, managers or trustees of such corporation under ordinary circumstances shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or
any other Person of which a majority of the voting interests under ordinary circumstances is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person or (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of
which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are that Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person (or any combination thereof). 

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was
executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so
amended. 

  
 7 








 “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at
any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series. 

“Uniform Commercial Code” means the Uniform Commercial Code in effect in the State of New York or other relevant
jurisdiction, as applicable, in each case as amended from time to time. 
 “U.S. Government Obligation” has the
meaning specified in Section 13.04. 
 “Vice President,” when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any executive vice president and any senior vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “executive vice president” or “senior vice president.” 

Section 1.02. Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action
under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an Officers’
Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in this Indenture. 

Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include: 

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the
definitions herein relating thereto; 
 (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation
upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
 (3) a statement that, in the
opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 

  
 8 








 Section 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters
are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one
document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of, or representation by, counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. 

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 
 Section 1.04. Acts of
Holders; Record Dates. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more
instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent or agents duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or
instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of
the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.01) conclusive in favor of
the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. 
 Without limiting the generality of this Section, unless
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, (i) a Holder, including a Depositary or its nominee that is a Holder of a Global Security, may give, make or take, by an agent or agents duly appointed in writing, any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted in or pursuant to this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders, and a Depositary or its nominee that is a Holder of a Global Security may duly appoint in
writing as its agent or agents members of, or participants in, such Depositary holding interests in such Global Security in the records of such Depositary; and (ii) with respect to any Global Security the Depositary for which is The Depository Trust
Company (“DTC”), any consent or other action given, made or taken by an “agent member” of DTC by electronic means in accordance with the Automated Tender Offer Procedures system or other Applicable Procedures of,
and pursuant to authorization by, DTC shall be deemed to constitute the “Act” of the Holder of such Global Security, and such Act shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Company, and the Trustee upon the delivery by DTC of an
“agent’s message” or other notice of such consent or other action having been so given, made or taken in accordance with the Applicable Procedures of DTC. 

  
 9 








 The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any instrument or writing may be proved by
the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient. 

The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register. 

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future
Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security. 
 With respect to Securities of any series, the
Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving,
making or taking of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other
Holders, shall be entitled to give, make or take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless given, made or taken on
or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date
for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph
shall be construed to render ineffective any action given, made or taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is given, made or taken. Promptly after any record date is
set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the
relevant series in the manner set forth in Sections 1.05 and 1.06. 
 The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the
purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join in the giving, making or taking of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 5.02, (iii) any request
to institute proceedings referred to in Section 5.07(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 

  
 10 








 
5.12, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record
date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to give, make or take such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be
effective hereunder unless given, made or taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled
and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action given, made or taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is given,
made or taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Sections 1.05 and 1.06. 

With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which sets such record date may designate any day as the
“Expiration Date” and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the
other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 1.06, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record
date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the
Expiration Date to an earlier day as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date. 

Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to give, make or take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security
may do so, in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing, with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security. 

Section 1.05. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of
Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with, (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
expressly provided) if made, given, furnished or filed in writing and delivered in Person, mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), transmitted by facsimile or sent by overnight courier guaranteeing next
Business Day delivery to or with the Trustee addressed to it at its Corporate Trust Office or (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if made,
given, furnished or filed in writing and delivered in Person, mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), transmitted by facsimile or sent by overnight courier guaranteeing next Business Day delivery, to or with
the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument, Attention: Chief Financial Officer; or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company. 

  
 11 








 All requests, demands, authorizations, directions, notices, consents, waivers or Acts of Holders
or other such documents made, given, furnished or filed with or to the Trustee, the Company shall be deemed to have been duly made, given furnished or filed: (i) at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; (ii) five calendar
days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; (iii) when receipt is acknowledged, if telecopied; and (iv) the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next
Business Day delivery. Notices given by publication will be deemed given on the first date on which publication is made. 
 Section 1.06.
Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice or other communication to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if given in writing and mailed by first
class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested) or sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next Business Day delivery, to each Holder affected by such event, at such Holder’s address as it appears in the Security Register, not
later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice or other communication. Any notice or other communication shall also be so mailed or sent to any Person described in
Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, to the extent required by the Trust Indenture Act. Failure to mail or send a notice or other communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other
Holders. 
 If a notice or communication is mailed or sent in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given,
whether or not the addressee receives it. Where this Indenture provides for notice or other communication in any manner, such notice or other communication may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice or other
communication, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice or other communication. Waivers of notice or other communication by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a
condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. If the Company mails a notice or communication to the Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee at the same time. 

In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice or
other communication by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder. 

Where this Indenture provides for notice or other communication with respect to any event to a Holder of a Global Security, such notice or
other communication shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee), pursuant to its Applicable Procedures, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any),
prescribed for the giving of such notice or other communication. 

  
 12 








 Section 1.07. Trust Indenture Act Matters. If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or
conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act which is required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust Indenture Act, the
provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. 
 Section 1.08. Effect of Headings and Table of
Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. 

Section 1.09. Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture and the Securities by the Company and the Trustee
shall bind their respective successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 
 Section 1.10. Separability Clause. In case any
provision in this Indenture, or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

Section 1.11. Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person,
other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to any
Securities of a particular series or under this Indenture with respect to such Securities. 
 Section 1.12. Governing Law. This
Indenture and the Securities and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto and thereto, including the interpretation, construction, validity and enforceability thereof, shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the
law of the State of New York. 
 Section 1.13. Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or
Maturity of any Security, or any date on which a Holder has the right to convert his Security, shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities (other than a
provision of any Security which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any), or conversion of such Security need not be made at such Place of Payment on such
date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Maturity, or on such date for conversion, as the case may be.

 Section 1.14. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan
or other agreement of the Company or any Subsidiaries of the Company or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or other agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 

Section 1.15. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. No past, present or future director, officer,
employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the 

  
 13 








 
Securities or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases
all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws. 

Section 1.16. Language of Notices, Etc. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, other action or Act
provided or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication. 

Section 1.17. Force Majeure. Subject to Section 6.01, in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or
delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military
disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts that
are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances. 

Section 1.18. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS INDENTURE. 

ARTICLE II 
 SECURITY
FORMS 
 Section 2.01. Forms Generally. As to each series of Securities, the Securities of such series shall be in substantially
the form set forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations
as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or Depositary
therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy
of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.03 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities. 
 Section 2.02. Form of Face of Security. 

[Insert any legend required by the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder.] 

CUSIP [            ] 

  
 14 









			
	 No.                    
		$            

 TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD. 

TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD., an exempted company with limited liability duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda (herein called the
“Company”, which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to
                    , or registered assigns, the principal sum of
                    Dollars on             [if the Security is to bear interest prior to
Maturity, insert — , and to pay interest thereon from                     or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has
been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on                     and             in
each year, commencing                     , and at the Maturity thereof, at the rate of     % per annum, until the principal
hereof is paid or made available for payment [if applicable, insert —, provided that any premium, and any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the rate of     % per annum (to the extent that
the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the date such overdue amount is due until such amount is paid or duly provided for, and such interest on any overdue amount shall be payable on demand]. The interest so payable, and
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date for such interest, which shall be the             or             (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be,
next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest so payable, but not punctually paid or duly provided for, will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name
this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of
this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which this Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be
required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture]. 
 [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity,
insert — The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium
shall bear interest at the rate of     % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on
any overdue principal or premium shall be payable on demand. Any such interest on overdue principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate of     % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest on interest shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until the amount so demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue interest shall be payable on demand.] 

  
 15 








 Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable, insert — any
such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in New York, New York, in Dollars, against surrender of this Security in the case of any payment due at the Maturity of the
principal thereof or any payment of interest becomes payable on a day other than an Interest Payment Date; provided, however, that if this Security is not a Global Security, (i) payment of interest on an Interest Payment Date will be
made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register; and all other payments will be made by check against surrender of this Security; (ii) all payments by check will be made
in next-day funds (i.e., funds that become available on the day after the check is cashed); and (iii) notwithstanding clauses (i) and (ii) above, with respect to any payment of any amount due on this Security, if this Security
is in a denomination of at least $1,000,000 and the Holder hereof at the time of surrender hereof or, in the case of any payment of interest on any Interest Payment Date, the Holder thereof on the related Regular Record Date delivers a written
request to the Paying Agent to make such payment by wire transfer at least five Business Days before the date such payment becomes due, together with appropriate wire transfer instructions specifying an account at a bank in New York, New York, the
Company shall make such payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account at such bank in New York City, any such wire instructions, once properly given by a Holder as to this Security, remaining in effect as to such Holder and
this Security unless and until new instructions are given in the manner described above and provided further, that notwithstanding anything in the foregoing to the contrary, if this Security is a Global Security, payment shall be made
pursuant to the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary as permitted in said Indenture. 
 Reference is hereby made to the further
provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this
Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
Company has caused this instrument to be duly signed manually or by facsimile by its duly authorized officers. 
  

			
	 TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD., a

Bermuda exempted company with limited liability

		
	By:		  

	Name:		  

	Title:		  



 Section 2.03. Form of Reverse of Security. This Security is one of a duly authorized issue
of senior securities of the Company (herein called the “Securities”), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of [            ]
(herein called the “Indenture”, which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), between the Company, and [            ], as Trustee (herein
called the “Trustee,” which term includes 

  
 16 








 
any successor trustee under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the
Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if applicable, insert — limited
in aggregate principal amount to $            ]. 
 This Security is the
general, [un]secured, senior obligation of the Company. 
 [If applicable, insert — The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days’ nor more than 60 days’ notice, at any time [if applicable, insert — on or after             , 20    ], as a whole
or in part, at the election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [if applicable, insert — on or before
            ,     %, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning              of the years
indicated, 
  

							
	 Year
	  	 Redemption Price
	  	 Year
	  	 Redemption Price



and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to % of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption with accrued interest to the Redemption
Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates
referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.] 
 [If applicable, insert — The Securities of this series are
subject to redemption upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice by mail, (1) on             in any year commencing with the year
            and ending with the year             through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the Redemption Prices
for redemption through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below, and (2) at any time [if applicable, insert — on or after
            ], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages
of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning             of the years indicated, 

 

					
	 Year
	  	 Redemption Price For Redemption
Through Operation of the
Sinking
 Fund
	  	 Redemption Price For Redemption
Otherwise Than Through
Operation
 of the Sinking Fund


  

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to     % of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption (whether through
operation of the sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.] 

  
 17 








 [If applicable, insert — Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may not, prior to
            , redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated by [if applicable, insert — clause (2) of] the preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any
refunding operation by the application, directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of less than     % per annum.] 

[If applicable, insert — The sinking fund for this series provides for the redemption on
            in each year beginning with the year             and ending with the year
            of [if applicable, insert — not less than $            (“mandatory sinking fund”) and not more than] $
            aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [if applicable, insert –
mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent [if applicable, insert – mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to be made [if applicable, insert —, in the inverse order in which they become due].] 

[If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert — In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new
Security or Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]  

[If applicable, insert — The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of the entire indebtedness of this Security
or certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.]  

[If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this
series shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]  

[If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series
shall occur and be continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to — insert formula for determining
the amount. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company’s obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall terminate.]  

The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations
of the Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount (including consents


  
 18 








 
obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of all Securities at the time Outstanding to be affected (considered together as one class for this
purpose and such Securities to be affected potentially being Securities of the same or different series and, with respect to any series, potentially comprising fewer than all the Securities of such series), except as may otherwise be provided
pursuant to the Indenture for all or any specific Securities of any series. The Indenture also contains provisions (i) permitting the Holders of a majority in principal amount (including waivers obtained in connection with a purchase of, or
tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of the Securities at the time Outstanding to be affected under the Indenture (considered together as one class for this purpose and such affected Securities potentially being Securities of the same or
different series and, with respect to any particular series, potentially comprising fewer than all the Securities of such series), on behalf of the Holders of all Securities so affected, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of
the Indenture and (ii) permitting the Holders of a majority in principal amount (including waivers obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of the Securities at the time Outstanding of any
series to be affected under the Indenture (with each such series considered separately for this purpose), on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive certain past defaults under the Indenture with respect to such series and
their consequences, in the case of Clause (i) or (ii), except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to the Indenture for all or any specific Securities of any series. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive
and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon
this Security. 
 As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of this Security shall not have the right to
institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default
with respect to the Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
Event of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it, and the Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction
inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for
the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed herein. 

No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the
Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. 

As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the
Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by


  
 19 








 
a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one
or more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. 

The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of
$1,000 in excess thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a
different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. 
 No service charge shall be made for any such
registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. 

Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 

[If this Security is a Global Security, insert — This Security is a Global Security and is subject to the provisions of the Indenture
relating to Global Securities, including the limitations therein on transfers and exchanges of Global Securities.] 
 This Security and the
Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York. 
 All terms used in this Security which
are defined in the Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. 
 Section 2.04. Form of Legend for Global
Securities. Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for the Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY
OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE. 

  
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 Section 2.05. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. The
Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 
 This is one of the Securities of the series
designated herein and referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

					
	Dated:		[                    ], AS TRUSTEE
			
			By:		  

					Authorized Signatory

 ARTICLE III 

THE SECURITIES 

Section 3.01. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. 
 The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or
pursuant to a Board Resolution, and, subject to Section 3.03, set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of
Securities of any series, 
 (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the
series from Securities of any other series); 
 (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the
series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.07 and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.03, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder); 

(3) the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest; 

(4) the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of the series is payable; 

(5) the rate or rates at which any Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such
interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on any Interest Payment Date; 

(6) the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable
and the manner in which any payment may be made; 

  
 21 








 (7) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the
terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall
be evidenced; 
 (8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any Securities of the series pursuant to
any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased,
in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 
 (9) the terms, if any, of the grant of any lien, mortgage, pledge or
assignment of any properties or assets as collateral to secure the Securities of the series and any corresponding changes to provisions of this Indenture as then in effect; 

(10) if other than denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denominations in which
any Securities of the series shall be issuable; 
 (11) if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any
Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined; 

(12) if other than the currency of the United States of America, the currency, currencies, composite currency, composite
currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United States of America for any purpose,
including for the purposes of making payment in the currency of the United States of America and applying the definition of “Outstanding” in Section 1.01; 

(13) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the
Company or the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies, composite currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies, composite currency, composite currencies or
currency units in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount so
payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined); 
 (14) if other than the entire principal amount thereof,
the portion of the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02; 

(15) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any
one or more dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities 

  
 22 








 
as of any such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined); 

(16) if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified part, shall not be defeasible pursuant to
Section 13.02 or Section 13.03 or both such Sections, and, if such Securities may be defeased, in whole or in part, pursuant to either or both such Sections, any provisions to permit a pledge of obligations other than U.S.
Government Obligations (or the establishment of other arrangements) to satisfy the requirements of Section 13.04(1) for defeasance of such Securities and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the
Company to defease such Securities shall be evidenced; 
 (17) if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be
issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or
in lieu of that set forth in Section 2.04, any addition to, elimination of or other change in the circumstances set forth in Clause (2) of the penultimate paragraph of Section 3.05 in which any such Global Security may
be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and
any other provisions governing exchanges or transfers of any such Global Security; 
 (18) any addition to, elimination of or
other change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to
Section 5.02; 
 (19) any addition to, elimination of or other change in the covenants set forth in Article
X which applies to Securities of the series; 
 (20) any provisions necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance,
payment or conversion of any Securities of the series that may be converted into securities or other property other than Securities of the same series and of like tenor, whether in addition to, or in lieu of, any payment of principal or other amount
and whether at the option of the Company or otherwise; 
 (21) if applicable, that Persons other than those specified in
Section 1.11 shall have such benefits, rights, remedies and claims with respect to any Securities of the series or under this Indenture with respect to such Securities, as and to the extent provided for such Securities; 

(22) any change in the actions permitted or required under this Indenture to be taken by or on behalf of the Holders of the
Securities of the series, including any such change that permits or requires any or all such actions to be taken by or on behalf of the Holders of any specific Securities of the series rather than or in addition to the Holders of all Securities of
the series; 

  
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 (23) any provisions for subordination of any Securities of the series to other
indebtedness of the Company (including Securities of other series); and 
 (24) any other terms of the series (which terms
shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by Section 9.01(5)). 
 All Securities of
any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 3.03) set forth, or determined in the
manner provided, in the Officers’ Certificate referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided pursuant to this
Section 3.01 for any series, after issuance of Securities of such series, such series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of that series. 

The terms of any Security of a series may differ from the terms of other Securities of the same series, if and to the extent provided pursuant
to this Section 3.01. The matters referenced in any or all of Clauses (1) through (24) above may be established and set forth or determined as aforesaid with respect to all or any specific Securities of a series (in each case
to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act). 
 If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a
Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth
the terms of the series. 
 Section 3.02. Denominations. The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.01. In the absence of any such specified denomination with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be
issuable in denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. 
 Section 3.03. Execution,
Authentication, Delivery and Dating. The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, President or a Vice President of the Company (or any other officer of the Company designated in writing by or pursuant
to authority of the Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee from time to time). The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series
executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have
been established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.01)
shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating, 

  
 24 








 (1) if the form of such Securities has been established by or pursuant to Board
Resolution, as permitted by Section 2.01, that such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 

(2) if the terms of such Securities have been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by
Section 3.01, that such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and 

(3) that when such Securities have been authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and
subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, such Securities will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer,
reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles and subject to any limitation with respect to payments in currency other than Dollars. 

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to
this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.01 and of the preceding paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be
originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers’ Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.01 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding
paragraph at or prior to the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued. 

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such
Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has
been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the
Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.09, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture. 
 Section 3.04. Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company
may execute, and upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or 

  
 25 








 
otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 

If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor. 
 Section 3.05.
Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. The Company shall cause to be kept at each office or agency of the Company designated as a Place of Payment pursuant to the first paragraph of Section 10.02 a register (the
register, maintained in each such office or agency of the Company designated as a Place of Payment, being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations
as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as
herein provided. 
 Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at the office or agency of the Company in a
Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and
of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. 
 At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company,
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities, which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 

All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. 

Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be
duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing. 

  
 26 








 No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but
the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to
Section 3.04, 9.06 or 11.07 not involving any transfer. 
 If the Securities of any series (or of any series and
specified tenor) are to be redeemed in whole or in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a
period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of selection of any such Securities for redemption under Section 11.03 and ending at the close of business on the day of such selection (or during such period as
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for such Securities), or (B) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being
redeemed in part. 
 The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only to Global Securities: 

(1) Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated for
such Global Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture. 

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, and subject to such applicable provisions, if any, as may be
specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other
than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary has notified the Company that it (i) is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, or (B) the Company has executed and delivered to the Trustee a Company Order stating that such Global Security shall be exchanged in whole for Securities that are not Global Securities (in
which case such exchange shall promptly be effected by the Trustee). If the Company receives a notice of the kind specified in Clause (A) above or has delivered a Company Order of the kind specified in Clause (B) above, it may, in its sole
discretion, designate a successor Depositary for such Global Security within 90 days after receiving such notice or delivery of such order, as the case may be. If the Company designates a successor Depositary as aforesaid, such Global Security shall
promptly be exchanged in whole for one or more other Global Securities registered in the name of the successor Depositary, whereupon such designated successor shall be the Depositary for such successor Global Security or Global Securities and the
provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) of this provision shall continue to apply thereto. 
 (3) Subject to
Clause (2) above and to such applicable provisions, if any, as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, any exchange of a Global Security for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued in
exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct. 

  
 27 








 (4) Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of,
or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Section 3.04, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.07 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and
shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof. 

Every Person who takes or holds any beneficial interest in a Global Security agrees that: 

(1) the Company and the Trustee may deal with the Depositary as sole owner of the Global Security and as the authorized
representative of such Person; 
 (2) such Person’s rights in the Global Security shall be exercised only through the
Depositary and shall be limited to those established by law and agreement between such Person and the Depositary and/or direct and indirect participants of the Depositary; 

(3) the Depositary and its participants make book-entry transfers of beneficial ownership among, and receive and transmit
distributions of principal and interest on the Global Securities to, such Persons in accordance with the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary; and 

(4) none of the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for
any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 

Section 3.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Wrongfully Taken Securities. If (a) any mutilated Security is surrendered to the
Trustee or (b) both (i) there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (A) a claim by a Holder as to the destruction, loss or wrongful taking of any Security of such Holder and a request thereby for a new replacement Security
of the same series, and (B) such indemnity bond as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless and (ii) such other reasonable requirements as may be imposed by the Company as permitted by
Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code have been satisfied, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a “protected purchaser” within the meaning of Section 8-405 of
the Uniform Commercial Code, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor
and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously Outstanding. 
 In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully
taken Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 

  
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 Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of
a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 

Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall constitute
an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder. 
 The provisions of this Section are exclusive and
shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities. 

Section 3.07. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by
Section 3.01 with respect to any Securities of a series, interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one
or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest (or, if no business is conducted by the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office on such date, at 5:00 P.M. New York City time on such
date). 
 Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the
Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below: 
 (1) The Company may elect to make
payment of any Defaulted Interest payable on any Securities of a series to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of
such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each of such Securities and the date of the proposed payment, and at
the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the
date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such
Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given to each Holder of such
Securities in the manner 

  
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set forth in Section 1.06, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor
having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be
payable pursuant to the following Clause (2). 
 (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities
of a series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the
Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 Except as may
otherwise be provided in this Section 3.07 or as contemplated in Section 3.01 with respect to any Securities of a series, the Person to whom interest shall be payable on any Security that first becomes payable on a day that
is not an Interest Payment Date shall be the Holder of such Security on the day such interest is paid. 
 Subject to the foregoing
provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by
such other Security. 
 In the case of any Security which is converted after any Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding
Interest Payment Date (other than any Security whose Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest whose Stated Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion,
and such interest (whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as
otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case of any Security which is converted, interest whose Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Security shall not be payable. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the terms of any Security that may be converted may provide that the provisions of the immediately preceding
paragraph do not apply, or apply with such additions, changes or omissions as may be provided thereby, to such Security. 

Section 3.08. Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee
and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.07)
any interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 

  
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 Section 3.09. Cancellation. All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption,
registration of transfer or exchange or conversion or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any
time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the
Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company Order; provided, however,
that the Trustee shall not be required to destroy such cancelled Securities. 
 Section 3.10. Computation of Interest. Except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 

Section 3.11. CUSIP Numbers. The Company, in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” and “ISIN” numbers (if
then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” and “ISIN” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the
correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be
affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in “CUSIP” or “ISIN” numbers. 

ARTICLE IV 
 SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE 
 Section 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to
be of further effect with respect to the Securities of any series (except as to any surviving rights of conversion, registration of transfer or exchange of any such Security expressly provided for herein or in the terms of such Security), and the
Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such Securities, when 

(1) either 

(A) all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost
or wrongfully taken and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.06 and (ii) Securities for the payment of which money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and
thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.03) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 

  
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 (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

 (i) have become due and payable, or 

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 

(iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice
of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
 and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or
(iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be; 

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such Securities;

 (3) no event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to such
Securities or any other Securities (other than such an event or Event of Default with respect to such Securities resulting solely from the incurrence of indebtedness or other borrowing of funds, or the grant of liens securing such indebtedness or
other borrowing, all or a portion of which are to be applied to such deposit) shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit; 

(4) such deposit shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; and 
 (5) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such Securities have been complied with. 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities of any series, the obligations of the Company to
the Trustee under Section 6.07, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this
Section with respect to such Securities, the obligations of the Company of such series under Section 10.02 and the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.02, Section 6.06 and the last paragraph of
Section 10.03 with respect to such Securities shall survive such satisfaction and discharge. 

  
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 Section 4.02. Application of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last
paragraph of Section 10.03, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 with respect to Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities
and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and interest for
whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee. All moneys deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 (and held by it or any Paying Agent) for the payment of Securities subsequently converted shall be returned to
the Company upon Company Request, to the extent originally deposited by the Company. The Company may direct by a Company Order the investment of any money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01, without distinction between
principal and income, in (1) United States Treasury Securities with a maturity of one year or less or (2) a money market fund that invests solely in short term United States Treasury Securities and from time to time the Company may direct
the reinvestment of all or a portion of such money in other securities or funds meeting the criteria specified in Clause (1) or (2) of this sentence. 

ARTICLE V 
 REMEDIES

 Section 5.01. Events of Default. 

Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, “Event of
Default,” wherever used herein with respect to the Securities of that series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body): 

(1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of
such default for a period of 30 days; or 
 (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security of
that series at its Maturity; or 
 (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the terms of a
Security of that series and continuance of such default for a period of 60 days; or 
 (4) default in the performance, or
breach, of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this
Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a
“Notice of Default” hereunder; or 

  
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 (5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a decree
or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or
insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee,
trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree
or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or 
 (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary
case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order
for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding
against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a
custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in
writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or 

(7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series in accordance with Section 3.01.

 Section 5.02. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to
Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, if an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(5) or 5.01(6)) with respect to Securities of that series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or,
in the case of any Security of that series which specifies an amount to be due and payable thereon upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof, such amount as may be specified by the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in
writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount), together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon, shall become immediately due and payable. Except as
may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, if an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(5) or Section 5.01(6) with respect to Securities of that series
at the time Outstanding occurs, the principal amount of 

  
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all the Securities of that series (or, in the case of any Security of that series which specifies an amount to be due and payable thereon upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof, such amount as
may be specified by the terms thereof), together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon, shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. 

Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, at any time after
such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of that series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company, and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if 

(1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay 

(A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series, 

(B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by such
declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, 
 (C) to
the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and 

(D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and 
 (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than
the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13. 

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 5.03. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company covenants that if 

(1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
continues for a period of 60 days, or 
 (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any
Security at the Maturity thereof, 

  
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 the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the
whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue interest,
at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is
continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and
enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

Section 5.04. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor
upon the Securities, their property or their creditors, the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the
Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. The Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee,
trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments
directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07. 

No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors’ or other similar committee. 

Section 5.05. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or
the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 5.06. Application of Money Collected.
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon
presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 

  
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 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07; 

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in respect of which
or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively; and 

THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the same as a court of
competent jurisdiction may direct. 
 Section 5.07. Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any
right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of that series; 
 (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; 
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
 (5) no direction inconsistent with such
written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; 

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any
provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders. 
 Section 5.08. Unconditional Right of Holders
to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and
any premium and (subject to Section 3.07) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), and, if the terms of such Security so provide, to
convert such Security in accordance with its terms, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and, if applicable, any such right to convert, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. 

  
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 Section 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has
instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case,
subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall
continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
 Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.06, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders
is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 

Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any
right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the
Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. 

Section 5.12. Control by Holders. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that 

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture; 

(2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and 

(3) subject to the provisions of Section 6.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such
direction if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability. 

Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults. Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any
specific Securities of any series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount (including waivers obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of the Outstanding Securities of any
series to be affected under this Indenture may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default 

  
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 (1) in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security
of such series, or 
 (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article IX cannot be modified or
amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 
 Upon any such waiver with respect to any
series, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, with respect to such series for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon. A waiver of any past default and its consequences given by or on behalf of any Holder of Securities in connection with a purchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, such Holder’s Securities will
not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 
 Section 5.14. Undertaking for Costs. In any suit for the
enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and may assess costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust
Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or the Trustee or, if applicable, in any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any
Security in accordance with its terms. 
 Section 5.15. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to the
extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force,
which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede
the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 

ARTICLE VI 
 THE TRUSTEE

 Section 6.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities. 

(a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, 

(1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and as
are provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and, except for implied covenants or obligations under the Trust Indenture Act, no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 

  
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 (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely,
as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or
opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture. 

(b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. 

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that 
 (1) this Subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect
of the first paragraph of this Section; 
 (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith
by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; 

(3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance
with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, determined as provided in Section 5.12, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series; and 

(4) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is
not reasonably assured to it. 
 (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct
or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section. 
 (e) The Trustee
shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory
to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction. 

  
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 (f) Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds and need not be
held in an interest-bearing account, in each case except to the extent required by law or by any other provision of this Indenture. The Trustee (acting in any capacity hereunder) shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it hereunder
unless the Trustee otherwise agrees in writing with the Company. 
 Section 6.02. Notice of Defaults. If a default or Event of
Default occurs and is continuing hereunder with respect to Securities of any series, and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such default or Event of Default within 90 days
after the Trustee gains knowledge of the default or Event of Default unless such default or Event of Default shall have been cured or waived before the giving of such notice. Except in the case of a default or Event of Default in payment of
principal of, premium or interest on Securities of any series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of
the Securities of such series. For the purpose of this Section and Section 10.04, the term “default” means, with respect to Securities of any series, any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series. 
 Section 6.03. Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject
to the provisions of Section 6.01: 
 (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or
refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 
 (2) any request or direction of the Company
mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 

(3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) shall be entitled to receive and may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, conclusively rely upon, and shall not
be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance upon, an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel; 

(4) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be
full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 

(5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by
it in compliance with such request or direction; 

  
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 (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or
matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion,
may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the
Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation; 

(7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder and shall not be responsible for the supervision of officers and
employees of such agents or attorneys; 
 (8) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officers’ Certificate
setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’
Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded; 

(9) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably
believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; 
 (10) the
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture; and 
 (11) the
rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including its rights to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and to each agent, custodian and
other Person employed to act hereunder. 
 Section 6.04. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The recitals
contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee does not assume any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof. 

  
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 Section 6.05. May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any
Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 6.08 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent. 

Section 6.06. Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to
the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company. 

Section 6.07. Compensation and Reimbursement. 

(a) The Company shall pay to the Trustee (in its capacity as Trustee, and, to the extent it has been appointed as such, as Paying Agent and
Security Registrar) from time to time reasonable compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder in accordance with a written schedule provided by the Trustee to the Company. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be
limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable and customary disbursements, advances and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred or made by it
in addition to the compensation for its services, except those resulting from its own negligent action, negligent failure to act or willful misconduct. Such expenses shall include the reasonable and customary compensation, disbursements and expenses
of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. 
 (b) The Company shall indemnify the Trustee in its capacity against any and all losses,
liabilities or reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the
Company (including this Section 6.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by either of the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or
duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by
the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may elect to have separate counsel defend the claim, but
the Company shall be obligated to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel only if the Company fails to assume the Trustee’s defense or there is a conflict of interest between the Company, on the one hand, and the Trustee,
on the other hand, with respect to the claim, as reasonably determined by the Trustee. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Company need not reimburse the Trustee
for any expense or indemnity against liability or loss of the Trustee to the extent such expense, liability or loss is attributable to the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of the Trustee. 

(c) As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities
of any series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of such series. Such lien shall survive satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture. 

  
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 (d) Without limiting any rights available to the Trustee under applicable law, when the Trustee
incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(5) or Section 5.01(6), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for
the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law. 

(e) The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture. 

Section 6.08. Conflicting Interests. If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust
Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act,
the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one series. 

Section 6.09. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for Securities of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such, has a combined capital and
surplus of at least $100,000,000 and has its Corporate Trust Office in the continental United States of America. If any such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
hereinafter specified in this Article. 
 Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. No resignation or
removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

 The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company.
If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 60 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition, at the
expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor 

  
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Trustee required by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of a notice of removal pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee being
removed may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

If at any time: 

(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or 
 (2) the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible under Section 6.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or 

(3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or
of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, 

then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to
Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
 If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to
the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of
such notice of removal, the Trustee being removed may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. If, within one year after
such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the
Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly
situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

  
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 The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 1.06. Each notice shall include the name
of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. 
 Section 6.11.
Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the
retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. 

In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such
Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of
such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring
Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates. 

  
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 Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for
more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be. 

No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article. 
 Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any corporation into which the
Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the
corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. 

Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the
Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). 

Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to any
series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate the Securities of such Series issued upon original issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer, partial conversion or partial redemption or pursuant
to Section 3.06, and Securities of such series so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities of such series by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee
by an Authenticating Agent so appointed with respect to such series and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent so appointed with respect to such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent,
having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually pursuant to law or to the
requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in
this Section. 

  
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 Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it
may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an
Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee, the Company,
the Authenticating Agent or such successor corporation. 
 An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof
to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such
a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent with respect to any series of Securities which
shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 1.06. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment
hereunder shall become vested with all rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section. 
 The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its
services under this Section, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Company for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.07. 

If an appointment is made pursuant to this Section with respect to Securities of any series, the Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following form: 

This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein and referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

			
	[                    ], AS TRUSTEE
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Authorized Signatory



  
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 ARTICLE VII 

HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 

Section 7.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the
Trustee 
 (1) semi-annually, not later than May 15 and November 15 in each year, a list, in such form as the
Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of the immediately preceding May 1 or November 1 as the case may be, and 

(2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company, of any such
request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; 
 excluding from any such list
names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. 
 Section 7.02. Preservation of Information;
Communications to Holders. The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.01 and
the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. 

The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the
corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Every Holder of Securities, by
receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither of the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of any of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses of
Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Section 7.03. Reports by Trustee. The Trustee shall transmit to Holders
such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. 

Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than May 15 and shall
be dated as of May 1 in each calendar year, commencing in 2016. 
 A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission
to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange and of any
delisting thereof. 
 Section 7.04. Reports by Company. The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit
to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act, if any, at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to such Act; provided that any such
information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act need not be filed with the Trustee until the 15th day after the same are actually filed with the Commission. Delivery
of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is 

  
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 for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice
of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the compliance by the Company with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’
Certificates). 
 ARTICLE VIII 

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE 

Section 8.01. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. The Company shall not, in a single transaction or a series of
related transactions, consolidate with or merge into any other Person or sell, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all its properties and assets to any Person, and the Company shall not permit any Person to consolidate with or merge into
the Company, unless: 
 (1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or sell, convey, transfer
or lease all or substantially all its properties and assets to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by sale, conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or
substantially all the properties and assets of the Company shall be a corporation, partnership or trust, shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly
assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the
performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and, for each Security that by its terms provides for conversion, shall have provided for the right to convert such Security in
accordance with its terms; 
 (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which
becomes an obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time
or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and 
 (3) the Company has delivered to the
Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental
indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. 

Section 8.02. Successor Substituted. Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other Person
or any sale, conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all the properties and assets of the Company in accordance with Section 8.01, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to
which such sale, conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same 

  
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 effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a
lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities. 
 ARTICLE IX

 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to
Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
 (1) to evidence
the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities; or 

(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any Securities of any series (and if such
covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all Securities of such series, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such Securities within such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company with regard to all or any Securities of any series (and if any such surrender is to be made with regard to less than all Securities of such series, stating that such surrender is expressly being made solely with regard to
such Securities within such series); or 
 (3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of all
or any Securities of any series (and if such additional Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all Securities of such series, stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit of
such Securities within such series); or 
 (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as
shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form;
or 
 (5) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of all or any Securities of any
series (and if such addition, change or elimination is to apply with respect to less than all Securities of such series, stating that it is expressly being made to apply solely with respect to such Securities within such series, provided that any
such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of
the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or 

  
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 (6) to grant any lien, mortgage, pledge or assignment of any properties or assets
as collateral to secure the Securities of the series and any corresponding changes to provisions of this Indenture as then in effect; or 

(7) to establish the form or terms of all or any Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.01 and 3.01;
or 
 (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of
Section 6.11; or 
 (9) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture with respect to any
Securities that by their terms may be converted into securities or other property other than Securities of the same series and of like tenor, in order to permit or facilitate the issuance, payment or conversion of such Securities; or 

(10) to conform the text of this Indenture or any Securities to any provision of the “Description of Debt Securities”
or “Description of Notes” (or comparable) section in any offering memorandum, prospectus or prospectus supplement of the Company prepared from time to time with respect to the offer and sale of Securities of any series, to the extent that
such provision was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of this Indenture or the Securities; or 
 (11) to
cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided
that such action pursuant to this Clause (11) shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect. 

The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture which
affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
 Section 9.02. Supplemental
Indentures With Consent of Holders. Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any specific Securities of any series, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount (including consents
obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental indenture (considered together as one class for this purpose and such affected
Securities potentially being Securities of the same or different series and, with respect to any series, potentially comprising fewer than all the Securities of such series), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the
Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture 

  
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 or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or
eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent
of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby (including consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities), 

(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security which would be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02, or permit the Company to redeem any Security if, absent such supplemental indenture, the Company would not be permitted to do so, or change any Place of
Payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of
redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or 
 (2) if any Security provides that the Holder may require the Company to
repurchase or convert such Security, impair such Holder’s right to require repurchase or conversion of such Security on the terms provided therein, or 

(3) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any one or more series (considered separately or
together as one class, as applicable, and whether comprising the same or different series or less than all the Securities of a series), the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is
required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or 

(4) except as provided under Article XIII of this Indenture, release any security that may have been granted with respect to
the debt securities; or 
 (5) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or
Section 10.05, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby;
provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section and
Section 10.05, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 6.11 and 9.01(8). 

A supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely
for the benefit of one or more particular Securities or series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of such Securities or series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of any other Securities or of any other series, as applicable. 

  
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 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular
form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. A consent to any indenture supplemental hereto by or on behalf of any Holder of Securities given in connection with a purchase
of, or tender or exchange offer for, such Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 

Section 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental
indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of
Counsel and Officers’ Certificate, stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects
the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
 Section 9.04. Effect of Supplemental
Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of
Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 
 Section 9.05. Conformity with
Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act. 

Section 9.06. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series. 
 ARTICLE X 

COVENANTS 

Section 10.01. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture. 

Section 10.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an
office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities may be surrendered for conversion and where
notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and 

  
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 this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands
may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be
presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an
office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or
agency. 
 With respect to any Global Security, and except as otherwise may be specified for such Global Security as contemplated by
Section 3.01, the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee shall be the Place of Payment where such Global Security may be presented or surrendered for payment or for registration of transfer or exchange, or where successor Securities may
be delivered in exchange therefor, provided, however, that any such payment, presentation, surrender or delivery effected pursuant to the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary for such Global Security shall be deemed to have been effected
at the Place of Payment for such Global Security in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. 
 Section 10.03. Money for
Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any of the
Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise
disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 Whenever the Company shall have
one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, on or prior to 12:30 P.M., New York City time, on each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit (or, if the Company has
deposited any trust funds with a trustee pursuant to Section 13.04(1), cause such trustee to deposit) with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such
Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 The Company will cause each
Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will
(1) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any
payment in respect of the Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of that series. 

  
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 The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such
sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money. 

Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and
all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, shall, at the expense of the Company, cause to be published
once, in The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any
unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. 
 Section 10.04. Statement by Officers as to
Default. 
 The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the
date hereof, an Officers’ Certificate, stating that a review of the activities of the Company during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept,
observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of each series Outstanding and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of such Officer’s actual
knowledge, the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture with respect to Securities of such series and is not in default in the performance and observance of any of the material terms, provisions and
conditions of this Indenture with respect to Securities of such series, in each case, so as not to result in any default or Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series (or, if a default or Event of Default with respect to Securities
of such series shall have occurred and be continuing, describing all such defaults or Events of Default of which such Officer may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or propose to take with respect thereto). 

Section 10.05. Waiver of Certain Covenants. Except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01 for all or any
Securities of any series, the Company may, with respect to all or any Securities of any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to
Section 3.01(19), 9.01(2), 9.01(6) or 9.01(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such series or in Article VIII if, before the time for such 

  
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 compliance, the Holders of a majority in principal amount (including waivers obtained in connection with a
purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of all Outstanding Securities affected by such waiver (considered together as one class for this purpose and such affected Securities potentially being Securities of the same or
different series and, with respect to any particular series, potentially comprising fewer than all the Securities of such series) shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such
term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. A waiver of compliance given by or on behalf of any Holder of Securities in connection with a purchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, such
Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 
 ARTICLE XI 

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 

Section 11.01. Applicability of Article. Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be
redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for such Securities) in accordance with this Article. 

Section 11.02. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be established in
or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any
such redemption affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 5 Business Days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption
Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (1) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (2) pursuant to an election of the Company that is subject to a condition specified in the terms of the Securities of the series to be redeemed, the Company
shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition. 

Section 11.03. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed
(unless all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 40 days prior to the Redemption
Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a portion of the
principal amount of any Security of such series, provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such
Security. If less than all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular 

  
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 Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 40 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee,
from the Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence. 

If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part before termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of
the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as it may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated
by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. 
 The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and each Security
Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. 

The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security. 
 For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to
the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed. 

Section 11.04. Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 1.06 not
less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date (or within such period as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for the relevant Securities), to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address
appearing in the Security Register. 
 All notices of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP numbers, if
any) and shall state: 
 (1) the Redemption Date, 

(2) the Redemption Price, 

(3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the
identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of a single Security are to
be redeemed, the principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed, 
 (4) that on the Redemption Date the
Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date, 

  
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 (5) the place or places where each such Security is to be surrendered for payment
of the Redemption Price, 
 (6) for any Securities that by their terms may be converted, the terms of conversion, the date on
which the right to convert the Security to be redeemed will terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion, and 

(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. 

Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s
request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company. 
 Section 11.05. Deposit of Redemption Price. Prior to
11:00 A.M., New York City time, on any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.03) an
amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date, other than any Securities called for
redemption on that date which have been converted prior to the date of such deposit. 
 If any Security called for redemption is converted,
any money deposited with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for the redemption of such Security shall (subject to any right of the Holder of such Security or any Predecessor Security to receive interest as
provided in the last paragraph of Section 3.07 or in the terms of such Security) be paid to the Company upon Company Request or, if then held by the Company, shall be discharged from such trust. 

Section 11.06. Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be
redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities
shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided,
however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.07. 

If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until
paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security. 
 Section 11.07. Securities Redeemed
in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the


  
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 Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the
Company, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in
aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. 

Section 11.08. No Limit on Repurchases. Nothing in this Indenture or the Securities shall prohibit or limit the right of the
Company or any Affiliate of the Company to repurchase Securities from time to time at any price in open market purchases or private transactions at negotiated prices, by tender offer or otherwise, in each case without any notice to or consent by
Holders. Any Securities purchased by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company may, to the extent permitted by law and at the discretion of the Company, be held, resold or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. Any such Securities delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation may not be resold and shall be disposed of as directed by Company Order. 
 ARTICLE XII 

SINKING FUNDS 

Section 12.01. Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement
of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 for such Securities. 
 The minimum
amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of any Securities is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 12.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as provided for by the terms of such Securities. 

Section 12.02. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a
series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit Securities of a series which have been converted in accordance with their terms or which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to
the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities
of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been previously so credited. The Securities
to be so credited shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified in the Securities so to be redeemed (or at such other prices as may be specified for such Securities as contemplated in
Section 3.01), for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. 

  
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 Section 12.03. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 45 days (or
such shorter period as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund
payment for such Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant
to Section 12.02 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.03 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.04. Such notice having been
duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 11.06 and 11.07. 

ARTICLE XIII 
 DEFEASANCE
AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE 
 Section 13.01. Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. Unless
otherwise designated pursuant to Section 3.01(16), the Securities of any series of Securities shall be subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to such Section 13.02 or 13.03, in accordance with any
applicable requirements provided pursuant to Section 3.01 and upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article. The Company may elect, at its option, at any time, to have Section 13.02 or
Section 13.03 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities so subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by
Section 3.01 for such Securities. 
 Section 13.02. Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company’s exercise of
its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section
on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are satisfied (hereinafter called “Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged
the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described
in Section 13.04(1) and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities when payments are due, or, if applicable, to convert such Securities in accordance
with their terms, (2) the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 10.02 and 10.03, and, if applicable, its obligations with respect to the conversion of such
Securities, (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (4) this Article. Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any
Securities notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section 13.03 applied to such Securities. 

  
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 Section 13.03. Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company’s exercise of its option
(if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, (1) the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenants provided pursuant to Section 3.01(19),
9.01(2), 9.01(6) or 9.01(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, and (2) the occurrence of any event specified in Sections 5.01(4) (with respect to any such covenants provided pursuant to
Section 3.01(19), 9.01(2), 9.01(6) or 9.01(7)) and 5.01(7) shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default, in each case with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the
date the conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are satisfied (hereinafter called “Covenant Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit
to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of Section 5.01(4)), whether directly or indirectly by reason of
any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or by reason of any reference in any such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. 

Section 13.04. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to the application of
Section 13.02 or Section 13.03 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be: 

(1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies
the requirements contemplated by Section 6.09 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and
dedicated solely to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or (B) U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms
will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or (C) such other obligations or arrangements as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to such Securities, or
(D) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be
applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on the respective Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such
Securities. As used herein, “U.S. Government Obligation” means (x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United
States of America is pledged or (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in Clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of
principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and 

  
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held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by
the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt. 

(2) In the event of an election to have Section 13.02 apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the
case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this
instrument, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss
for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be
the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur. 
 (3) In the event of an election to have
Section 13.03 apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or
loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be
the case if such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur. 
 (4) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor any other Securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit. 

(5) No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to such
Securities or any other Securities (other than such an event or Event of Default with respect to such Securities resulting solely from the incurrence of indebtedness or other borrowing of funds, or the grant of liens securing such indebtedness or
other borrowing, all or a portion of which are to be applied to such deposit) shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit. 

(6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any
other agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned) to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. 

(7) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the
Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of such Securities over the other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors of the Company. 

  
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 (8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. 

Section 13.05. Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to the
provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.03, all money and U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and
Section 13.06, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.04 in respect of any Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the
Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company
acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but money and U.S. Government Obligations so held in trust need
not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
 The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax,
fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.04 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is
for the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities. 
 Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall
deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 13.04 with respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may
be, with respect to such Securities. 
 Section 13.06. Reinstatement. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any
money in accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the respective obligations under
this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company have been discharged or released pursuant to Section 13.02 or 13.03 shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect
to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in trust pursuant to Section 13.05 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if
the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such
payment from the money so held in trust. 
  

 

  
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 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be
deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Indenture by facsimile or electronic transmission shall be equally as effective as delivery of
an original executed counterpart of this Indenture. Any party delivering an executed counterpart of this Indenture by facsimile or electronic transmission also shall deliver an original executed counterpart of this Indenture, but failure to deliver
an original executed counterpart shall not affect the validity, enforceability and binding effect of this Indenture. 

  
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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the
day and year first above written. 
  

			
	 TRANSATLANTIC PETROLEUM LTD., a Bermuda

exempted company with limited liability

		
	By:		  

	Name:		  

	Title:		  



 Signature Page to Indenture 







 
			
	
[                    ], Trustee

		
	By:		  

	Name:		  

	Title:		  



 Signature Page to Indenture