I 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1833 

To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of 

the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of 

LGBTQI+ Peoples, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 28, 2023 

Mr. ROBERT GARCIA of California (for himself, Ms. JACOBS, Ms. CROCKETT, 

Mr. CONNOLLY, Mr. LYNCH, Ms. VELA ́ZQUEZ, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 

AUCHINCLOSS, Mr. SHERMAN, Ms. LEGER FERNANDEZ, Ms. SCANLON, 

Mr. KILMER, Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. ESPAILLAT, Mr. CASTRO of Texas, Mr. 

ALLRED, Mr. CARBAJAL, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. 

SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. QUIGLEY, Mr. SARBANES, Ms. JAYAPAL, 

Ms. GARCIA of Texas, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. PORTER, Mr. GREEN of 

Texas, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. GARCI ́A of Illinois, Mr. 

NEGUSE, Ms. BROWN, Mr. CASTEN, Mr. COSTA, Mr. POCAN, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Mr. PANETTA, Ms. SA ́NCHEZ, Mr. COHEN, Mr. VARGAS, 

Mr. TORRES of New York, Mr. IVEY, Mr. SCHIFF, Ms. SALINAS, Ms. DAVIDS of Kansas, Ms. BARRAGA ́N, Mr. MULLIN, Mr. KEATING, Mr. 

TRONE, Ms. TOKUDA, Ms. MENG, Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE, Ms. TLAIB, Ms. 

STEVENS, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, Mr. LARSON of 

Connecticut, Mr. SORENSEN, Mr. NORCROSS, Mr. FROST, Ms. CRAIG, 

Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. RASKIN, Mr. HUFFMAN, Ms. BONAMICI, and Ms. 

LOFGREN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

A BILL 

To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, 

and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy 

for the Human Rights of LGBTQI+ Peoples, and for 

other purposes. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘International Human 

5 Rights Defense Act of 2023’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) Around the world, LGBTQI+ people face 

9 violence, stigma, and discrimination based on their 

10 sexual orientation, gender identity, or sex character11 istics. 

12 (2) 67 countries have national laws that crim13 inalize same-sex relations and at least 42 United 

14 Nations member states have legal barriers for free15 dom of expression on issues related to sexual and 

16 gender diversity. That is equal to roughly 35 percent 

17 of United Nations member states. 

18 (3) 11 countries have jurisdictions in which the 

19 death penalty can be imposed for private, consensual 

20 same-sex sexual activity. 

21 (4) Despite recent progress made toward de22 criminalization, marriage equality, and legal gender 

23 recognition, several countries have introduced anti24 LGBTQI+ pieces of legislation that would further 

25 criminalize or stigmatize LGBTQI+ peoples. This 


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1 includes a draconian law under review in Ghana that 

2 would outlaw LGBTQI+ relationships or identities, 

3 as well as actions by community allies, and bills that 

4 ban so-called LGBTQI+ ‘‘propaganda,’’ such as 

5 those in Russia and Hungary. 

6 (5) In anti-LGBTQI+ prosecutions, law en7 forcement officials, working in tandem with medical 

8 personnel, use the forensically discredited practice of 

9 forced anal exams to try to prove same-sex sexual 

10 activity or otherwise to torture or intimidate detain11 ees. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Tor12 ture has described forced anal examinations as a 

13 form of torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading 

14 treatment and the United Nations Office of the 

15 High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a re16 port in 2015 calling for governments to ban the 

17 practice. Human Rights Watch has documented sev18 eral cases in which forced anal examinations have 

19 been used to sentence individuals for same-sex sex20 ual conduct, including in Uzbekistan and Egypt. 

21 (6) The closing of civil society space, particu22 larly with the increased passage or enforcement of 

23 laws that prevent the registration or operations of 

24 non-governmental organizations, discriminates 

25 against LGBTQI+ human rights defenders and is a 


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1 violation of freedom of association. This includes the 

2 wrongful closure of Sexual Minorities Uganda 

3 (SMUG), a leading non-governmental organization 

4 committed to protecting and advancing the human 

5 rights of LGBTQI+ individuals in Uganda. 

6 (7) Extreme violence and insecurity in El Sal7 vador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Honduras has 

8 driven LGBTQI+ people to flee their countries of 

9 origin to the United States for protection. At the 

10 United States border with Mexico, LGBTQI+ asy11 lum seekers face additional violence and many have 

12 been returned to face persecution in their home 

13 countries or in third countries that are not safe. 

14 (8) Studies have shown that structural risks in15 cluding country-level policies, prosecutions, and legal 

16 barriers might contribute to higher HIV prevalence 

17 among LGBTQI+ people, especially gay, bisexual, 

18 and other men who have sex with men. Decrimi19 nalization, decreasing enforcement, and stigma re20 duction are necessary to effective control of HIV. 

21 (9) The Trans Murder Monitoring Project, 

22 which monitors homicides of transgender individuals, 

23 documented at least 327 trans and gender-diverse 

24 people killed between October 1, 2021, and Sep25 tember 30, 2022. Of these cases, 68 percent of all 


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1 of the murders occurred in Latin America and the 

2 Caribbean, with 29 percent of the total occurring in 

3 Brazil. 

4 (10) Intersex people experience prejudice and 

5 discrimination, including the common performance 

6 of medically unnecessary surgeries without their con7 sent or approval, because their bodies do not con8 form to other people’s expectations about sex and 

9 gender. 

10 (11) Violence and discrimination based on sex11 ual orientation and gender identity are documented 

12 in the Department of State’s annual Country Re13 ports on Human Rights Practices. The report cov14 ering 2021 continues to show a clear pattern of 

15 human rights violations or abuses in every region of 

16 the world based on sexual orientation, gender iden17 tity, or sex characteristics. These violations or 

18 abuses include murder, rape, torture, death threats, 

19 extortion, and imprisonment, as well as loss of em20 ployment, housing, access to health care, and other 

21 forms of societal stigma and discrimination. The re22 ports further document LGBTQI+-specific restric23 tions on basic freedoms of assembly, press, and 

24 speech in every region of the world. 


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1 (12) On December 6, 2011, President Barack 

2 Obama released the ‘‘Presidential Memorandum— 

3 International Initiatives to Advance the Human 

4 Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender 

5 Persons’’. The memorandum directed all Federal 

6 agencies engaged abroad to ensure that United 

7 States diplomacy and foreign assistance promote and 

8 protect the human rights of LGBTI+ persons. 

9 (13) On February 4, 2021, President Joe Biden 

10 issued a similar memorandum, the ‘‘Memorandum 

11 on Advancing the Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, 

12 Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Persons 

13 Around the World,’’ to promote and protect the 

14 human rights of LGBTQI+ persons and establish 

15 that it is the ‘‘policy of the United States to pursue 

16 an end to violence and discrimination on the basis 

17 of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, 

18 or sex characteristics, and to lead by the power of 

19 our example in the cause of advancing the human 

20 rights of LGBTQI+ persons around the world’’. 

21 (14) On February 23, 2015, Secretary of State 

22 John Kerry appointed senior diplomat Randy Berry 

23 as the Department of State’s first-ever Special 

24 Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons. 


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1 No person was named to that position during the 

2 Trump Administration. 

3 (15) On June 25, 2021, President Joe Biden 

4 announced the appointment of Jessica Stern to serve 

5 as the United States Special Envoy to Advance the 

6 Human Rights of LGBTQI+ Persons. She joined 

7 the Department of State on September 27, 2021. 

8 (16) On June 30, 2016, the United Nations 

9 Human Rights Council passed a resolution cospon10 sored by the United States that established an Inde11 pendent Expert on violence and discrimination based 

12 on sexual orientation and gender identity to help 

13 monitor and track discrimination and violence expe14 rienced by LGBTQI+ persons around the world. 

15 (17) In May 2020, the United Nations Inde16 pendent Expert on protection against violence and 

17 discrimination based on sexual orientation and gen18 der identity released a report on so-called ‘‘conver19 sion therapy,’’ which is an umbrella term used to de20 scribe interventions based on a belief that a person’s 

21 sexual orientation or gender identity can and should 

22 be changed. The report concluded that such prac23 tices represent significant violations of rights to per24 sonal autonomy, health, and free expression and are 

25 ‘‘by their very nature degrading, inhuman and cruel 


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1 and create a significant risk of torture’’. The Inde2 pendent Expert noted ‘‘the psychological pain and 

3 suffering inflicted by practices of ‘conversion ther4 apy’ are deep and long-lasting and often exacerbate 

5 the risk of suicide,’’ and called for a global ban on 

6 conversion therapy. 

7 (18) On June 15, 2022, President Joe Biden 

8 signed an Executive order in part directing the Sec9 retary of State, in collaboration with the Secretary 

10 of the Treasury, the Secretary of Health and 

11 Human Services, and the Administrator of the 

12 United States Agency for International Develop13 ment, to develop an action plan to promote an end 

14 to so-called ‘‘conversion therapy’’ around the world 

15 and ensure that United States foreign assistance 

16 dollars do not fund the practice. 

17 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

18 It is the policy of the United States— 

19 (1) to take effective action to prevent and re20 spond to discrimination and violence against all peo21 ple on any basis internationally, including sexual ori22 entation, gender identity, and sex characteristics, 

23 and that human rights policy includes attention to 

24 criminalization, violence, and other discrimination 

25 against LGBTQI+ people; 


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1 (2) to systematically integrate and coordinate 

2 into United States foreign policy efforts to prevent 

3 and respond to criminalization, discrimination, and 

4 violence against LGBTQI+ people internationally; 

5 (3) to support and build local capacity in coun6 tries around the world, including of governments at 

7 all levels and nongovernmental organizations, to pre8 vent and respond to criminalization, discrimination, 

9 and violence against LGBTQI+ people internation10 ally; 

11 (4) to consult, cooperate, coordinate, and col12 laborate with a wide variety of nongovernmental 

13 partners, including faith-based organizations and 

14 LGBTQI+-led organizations, with demonstrated ex15 perience in preventing and responding to criminal16 ization, discrimination, and violence against 

17 LGBTQI+ people internationally; 

18 (5) to employ a multisectoral approach to pre19 venting and responding to criminalization, discrimi20 nation, and violence against LGBTQI+ people inter21 nationally, including activities in the economic, edu22 cation, health, nutrition, legal, and judicial sectors; 

23 (6) to work at all levels, from the individual to 

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1 ization, discrimination, and violence against 

2 LGBTQI+ people internationally; 

3 (7) to enhance training by United States per4 sonnel of professional foreign military and police 

5 forces and judicial officials to include appropriate 

6 and thorough LGBTQI+-specific instruction on pre7 venting and responding to criminalization, discrimi8 nation, and violence based on sexual orientation and 

9 gender identity; 

10 (8) to engage non-LGBTQI+ people as allies 

11 and partners, as an essential element of making sus12 tained reductions in criminalization, discrimination, 

13 and violence against LGBTQI+ people internation14 ally; 

15 (9) to require that all Federal contractors and 

16 grant recipients awarded a contract or receiving a 

17 grant, as the case may be, under an international 

18 program of the United States Government establish 

19 appropriate policies and take effective measures to 

20 ensure the protection and safety of their staff and 

21 workplace, including from discrimination and vio22 lence directed against LGBTQI+ people and those 

23 who provide services to them; 

24 (10) to exert sustained international leadership, 

25 including in bilateral and multilateral fora, to preVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:00 Apr 08, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1833.IH H1833

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1 vent and respond to criminalization, discrimination, 

2 and violence against LGBTQI+ people internation3 ally; 

4 (11) to fully implement and expand upon the 

5 policies outlined in the ‘‘Presidential Memo6 randum—Advancing the Human Rights of Lesbian, 

7 Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex 

8 Persons Around the World’’; 

9 (12) to ensure that international efforts to com10 bat HIV/AIDS take all appropriate measures to sup11 port at-risk communities, including LGBTQI+ peo12 ple, and to create enabling legal environments for 

13 these communities; 

14 (13) to work with governments and nongovern15 mental partners around the world to develop and im16 plement regional strategies to decriminalize homo17 sexuality and to counteract other restrictions on the 

18 human rights of LGBTQI+ people, including re19 strictions on LGBTQI+ organizations and so-called 

20 LGBTQI+ propaganda laws; and 

21 (14) to ensure that those who have a well22 founded fear of persecution on account of being 

23 LGBTQI+ or supporting LGBTQI+ rights have 

24 the opportunity to seek protection in the United 

25 States. 


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1 SEC. 4. SPECIAL ENVOY FOR THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF 

2 LGBTQI+ PEOPLE. 

3 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

4 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 

5 establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human 

6 Rights, and Labor (DRL) of the Department of 

7 State a permanent Special Envoy for the Human 

8 Rights of LGBTQI+ Peoples (in this section re9 ferred to as the ‘‘Special Envoy’’), who shall be ap10 pointed by the President. The Special Envoy shall 

11 report directly to the Assistant Secretary for Democ12 racy, Human Rights, and Labor. 

13 (2) RANK.—The President may appoint the 

14 Special Envoy at the rank of Ambassador, by and 

15 with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

16 (b) PURPOSE.—In addition to the duties described in 

17 subsection (c) and those duties determined by the Presi18 dent and the Secretary of State, the Special Envoy shall 

19 direct efforts of the United States Government relating 

20 to United States foreign policy, as directed by the Presi21 dent and the Secretary, regarding human rights abuses 

22 against LGBTQI+ people and communities internation23 ally and the advancement of human rights for LGBTQI+ 

24 people, and shall represent the United States internation25 ally in bilateral and multilateral engagement on such mat26 ters. 


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1 (c) DUTIES.—The Special Envoy— 

2 (1) shall serve as the principal advisor to the 

3 Secretary of State regarding the human rights of 

4 LGBTQI+ people internationally; and 

5 (2) at the direction of the Secretary of State— 

6 (A) shall, notwithstanding any other provi7 sion of law, direct activities, policies, programs, 

8 and funding relating to the human rights of 

9 LGBTQI+ people and the advancement of 

10 LGBTQI+ equality initiatives internationally, 

11 for all bureaus and offices of the Department of 

12 State, and shall lead the coordination of rel13 evant international programs for all other Fed14 eral agencies relating to such matters; 

15 (B) shall represent the United States in 

16 diplomatic matters, including in bilateral and 

17 multilateral forums, relevant to the human 

18 rights of LGBTQI+ people, including criminal19 ization, discrimination, and violence against 

20 LGBTQI+ people internationally; 

21 (C) shall direct, as appropriate, United 

22 States Government resources to respond to 

23 needs for protection, integration, resettlement, 

24 and empowerment of LGBTQI+ people in 

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1 national programs, including to prevent and re2 spond to criminalization, discrimination, and vi3 olence against LGBTQI+ people internation4 ally; 

5 (D) shall design, support, and implement 

6 activities regarding support, education, resettle7 ment, and empowerment of LGBTQI+ people 

8 internationally, including for the prevention and 

9 response to criminalization, discrimination, and 

10 violence against LGBTQI+ people internation11 ally; 

12 (E) shall lead interagency coordination be13 tween the foreign policy priorities related to the 

14 human rights of LGBTQI+ people and the de15 velopment assistance priorities of the 

16 LGBTQI+ Coordinator of the United States 

17 Agency for International Development; and 

18 (F) shall conduct regular consultation with 

19 nongovernmental organizations working to pre20 vent and respond to criminalization, discrimina21 tion, and violence against LGBTQI+ people 

22 internationally. 

23 (d) BRIEFINGS AND ASSESSMENTS.—Not later than 

24 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 

25 annually thereafter, the Special Envoy shall provide to the 


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1 appropriate congressional committees a briefing on the 

2 status of the human rights of LGBTQI+ people inter3 nationally, as well as on the status of programs and re4 sponse strategies of the United States Government to ad5 dress criminalization, discrimination, and violence against 

6 LGBTQI+ people internationally. 

7 (e) UNITED STATES POLICY TO PREVENT AND RE8 SPOND TO CRIMINALIZATION, DISCRIMINATION, AND VIO9 LENCE AGAINST LGBTQI+ PEOPLE GLOBALLY.— 

10 (1) GLOBAL STRATEGY REQUIREMENT.—Not 

11 later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 

12 of this Act, and annually thereafter for each of the 

13 following five years, the Special Envoy shall develop 

14 or update, as the case may be, a United States glob15 al strategy to prevent and respond to criminaliza16 tion, discrimination, and violence against LGBTQI+ 

17 people internationally. The Special Envoy shall sub18 mit the global strategy to the appropriate congres19 sional committees and, if practicable, make the glob20 al strategy available to the public. 

21 (2) COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION.—In 

22 developing the global strategy required under para23 graph (1), the Special Envoy shall consult with— 

24 (A) mid- and high-level officials of relevant 

25 Federal agencies; and 


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1 (B) representatives of nongovernmental or2 ganizations with demonstrated experience in ad3 dressing criminalization, discrimination, and vi4 olence against LGBTQI+ people internationally 

5 or promoting equal rights for LGBTQI+ people 

6 internationally. 

7 (f) MONITORING THE UNITED STATES STRATEGY TO

8 PREVENT AND RESPOND TO CRIMINALIZATION, DISCRIMI9 NATION, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST LGBTQI+ PEOPLE

10 AND COMMUNITIES INTERNATIONALLY.—In each global 

11 strategy submitted under subsection (e), the Special 

12 Envoy shall include an analysis of best practices for pre13 venting and addressing criminalization, discrimination, 

14 and violence against LGBTQI+ people and communities 

15 internationally, including— 

16 (1) a description of successful efforts by foreign 

17 governments and nongovernmental organizations to 

18 prevent and respond to criminalization, discrimina19 tion, and violence against LGBTQI+ people and 

20 communities internationally; 

21 (2) recommendations related to best practices, 

22 effective strategies, and improvements to enhance 

23 the impact of such prevention and response efforts; 

24 and 


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1 (3) the impact of activities funded by the global 

2 strategy in preventing and reducing criminalization, 

3 discrimination, and violence against LGBTQI+ peo4 ple and communities internationally. 

5 SEC. 5. DOCUMENTING AND RESPONDING TO BIAS-MOTI6 VATED VIOLENCE AGAINST LGBTQI+ PEOPLE 

7 ABROAD. 

8 (a) INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE INCLUDED IN

9 ANNUAL COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRAC10 TICES.— 

11 (1) SECTION 116.—Section 116(d) of the For12 eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d)) 

13 is amended— 

14 (A) in paragraph (11)(C), by striking ‘‘; 

15 and’’ and inserting a semicolon; 

16 (B) in paragraph (12)(C)(ii), by striking 

17 the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 

18 and 

19 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

20 paragraph: 

21 ‘‘(13) wherever applicable, the nature and ex22 tent of criminalization, discrimination, and violence 

23 by state and non-state actors based on sexual ori24 entation or gender identity, as those terms are de25 fined in section 7 of the International Human 


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1 Rights Defense Act of 2023, or sex characteristics, 

2 including an identification of those countries that 

3 have adopted laws or constitutional provisions that 

4 criminalize or discriminate based on such sexual ori5 entation, gender identity, or sex characteristics, in6 cluding descriptions of such laws and provisions.’’. 

7 (2) SECTION 502B.—Section 502B of the For8 eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304) is 

9 amended— 

10 (A) by redesignating the second subsection 

11 (i) (relating to child marriage status) as sub12 section (j); and 

13 (B) by adding at the end the following new 

14 subsection: 

15 ‘‘(k) SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, 

16 AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS.—The report required under 

17 subsection (b) shall include, wherever applicable, the na18 ture and extent of criminalization, discrimination, and vio19 lence by state and non-state actors based on sexual ori20 entation or gender identity, as those terms are defined in 

21 section 7 of the International Human Rights Defense Act 

22 of 2023, or sex characteristics, including an identification 

23 of those countries that have adopted laws or constitutional 

24 provisions that criminalize or discriminate based on such 


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1 sexual orientation, gender identity, or sex characteristics, 

2 including descriptions of such laws and provisions.’’. 

3 SEC. 6. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED STATES STRAT4 EGY TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO CRIM5 INALIZATION, DISCRIMINATION, AND VIO6 LENCE AGAINST LGBTQI+ PEOPLE AND COM7 MUNITIES INTERNATIONALLY. 

8 The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 

9 United States Agency for International Development are 

10 authorized to provide assistance to prevent and respond 

11 to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against 

12 LGBTQI+ people internationally. Such assistance may 

13 include the following activities: 

14 (1) Development and implementation of pro15 grams, such as the Global Equality Fund of the De16 partment of State, that respond to human rights 

17 abuses against, and the social and economic exclu18 sion of, LGBTQI+ people. 

19 (2) Support and capacity building for the devel20 opment and enforcement of the laws of foreign gov21 ernments pertaining to relevant civil and criminal 

22 legal and judicial sanctions, protection, and training. 

23 (3) Enhancement of health sector capacity to 

24 detect, prevent, and respond to violence against 

25 LGBTQI+ people and communities internationally, 


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1 and to combat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTQI+ commu2 nity internationally, in close coordination with the 

3 Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator and Health 

4 Diplomacy of the Department of State. 

5 (4) Development of a leadership program for 

6 international LGBTQI+ activists that will foster 

7 collaboration and knowledge sharing across the 

8 world. 

9 SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 

10 In this Act: 

11 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT12 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com13 mittees’’ means— 

14 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

15 and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

16 Senate; and 

17 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

18 the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

19 of Representatives. 

20 (2) GENDER IDENTITY.—The term ‘‘gender 

21 identity’’ means the gender-related identity, appear22 ance, or mannerisms or other gender-related charac23 teristics of an individual, regardless of the individ24 ual’s designated sex at birth. 


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1 (3) INTERSEX.—The term ‘‘intersex’’ means in2 dividuals born with sex characteristics (including 

3 genitals, gonads, or chromosome patterns) that vary 

4 from typical binary notions of male or female bodies 

5 and is an umbrella term used to describe a wide 

6 range of natural bodily variations. 

7 (4) LGBTQI+.—The term ‘‘LGBTQI+’’ 

8 means lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or 

9 intersex. 

10 (5) SEXUAL ORIENTATION.—The term ‘‘sexual 

11 orientation’’ means actual or perceived homosex12 uality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. 

Æ 


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