MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions

Decision: 2014 ME 30

Docket: And-13-60

Argued: January 14, 2014

Decided: February 25, 2014

Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, LEVY, SILVER, MEAD, GORMAN, and 

JABAR, JJ.

IN RE G.W.

JABAR, J.

[¶1] The father of G.W. appeals from a judgment of the District Court 

(Lewiston, Beliveau, J.) terminating his parental rights pursuant to 22 M.R.S. 

§ 4055(1)(B)(2) (2013). The father argues that the court violated his due process 

rights by refusing to allow him to participate telephonically in the termination 

hearing. Additionally, the father contends that the record contains insufficient 

evidence to support the court’s finding that termination is in the child’s best 

interest. We affirm the judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

[¶2] In February 2011, the Department of Health and Human Services 

indicated that it received information about the paternity of G.W., a child who was 

already the subject of a child protective proceeding with regard to the child’s 

mother. The Department initiated proceedings against the father in February 2011.
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[¶3] In June 2012, the court issued a jeopardy and cease reunification order 

based upon its finding that the father had abandoned the child. See 22 M.R.S. 

§§ 4002(1-A), (1-B)(D), 4041(2)(A-2)(1) (2013). At the time of the termination 

hearing, the father had not seen the child since she was one year old,1 and he had

infrequently attended the proceedings involving his parental rights.

[¶4] On November 2, 2012, the court proceeded to hear the petition to 

terminate the father’s parental rights.2 At the start of the hearing, the father’s 

attorney reported to the court that his client, who lived in Fitchburg, 

Massachusetts, had called him earlier in the day and informed him that he was 

unable to attend the hearing due to transportation problems in the aftermath of 

Hurricane Sandy. The father’s attorney told the court that the father would be 

available by telephone if the court wanted to speak with him “about why he was 

not [t]here.” Although the record does not indicate that either the father or his 

attorney requested that the father be permitted to participate by telephone, the court 

nevertheless considered whether to permit the father to participate by telephone 

pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 43(a). The court found that the father’s failure to appear

at the hearing was not caused by the storm, but rather that he was not there 

 1

 The child was four years old at the time of the termination hearing.

2

 The court terminated the mother’s parental rights in June 2012. We affirmed that termination. 

In re M.B., 2013 ME 46, 65 A.3d 1260.
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“because he ch[ose] not to be [there].” Consequently, the court did not permit the 

father to participate by telephone, and it drew a negative inference from the 

father’s failure to appear.

[¶5] After the hearing, the court found that the father has abandoned G.W., 

having failed to maintain any meaningful contact with the child and to provide 

“financial, emotional, or physical support for [G.W.] throughout [the child’s] life.” 

The child has been in foster care since October 2009, a period the court 

characterized as “far too long in light of her age and permanency needs.” As a 

result, the court found that the Department had demonstrated all four statutory 

grounds for termination and that termination is in the best interest of the child by 

clear and convincing evidence. See 22 M.R.S. § 4055(1)(B)(2). The father then 

filed this appeal. See 22 M.R.S. § 4006 (2013).

II. DISCUSSION

[¶6] The father contends that the trial court violated his due process rights 

by refusing to allow him to participate in the termination proceedings by telephone. 

“We review questions of law, including alleged constitutional violations . . . de 

novo.” In re Robert S., 2009 ME 18, ¶ 12, 966 A.2d 894. “Courts exercise 

considerable discretion regarding the mode of interrogation and presentation of 

witnesses.” Malenko v. Handrahan, 2009 ME 96, ¶ 33, 979 A.2d 1269. “That 

discretion includes permitting the presentation of testimony in open court by 
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contemporaneous transmission from a different location upon a showing of good 

cause.” Id. (quotation marks omitted). Additionally, we review factual findings in 

a judgment terminating parental rights “to determine whether the fact-finder could 

reasonably have been persuaded that the required findings were proved to be 

highly probable.” In re C.P., 2013 ME 57, ¶ 9, 67 A.3d 558 (quotation marks 

omitted).

[¶7] In a hearing involving the termination of parental rights “where 

significant rights are at stake, due process requires: notice of the issues, an 

opportunity to be heard, the right to introduce evidence and present witnesses, the 

right to respond to claims and evidence, and an impartial factfinder.” In re A.M., 

2012 ME 118, ¶ 16, 55 A.3d 463 (quotation marks omitted). However, when a 

parent’s failure to appear is “occasioned by circumstances voluntarily created by 

that parent,” we “generally discern no abuse of discretion or violation of due 

process in proceeding with the hearing.” Id. ¶ 19. “[A] termination proceeding is 

not like a criminal action in which a criminal defendant has the absolute right to 

physical presence.” Id. ¶ 18 (quotation marks omitted). Although due process 

guarantees a meaningful opportunity to be heard, if a parent has voluntarily elected

not to attend a termination proceeding, it does not guarantee that the parent be 

afforded the means of participation of his or her choice.
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[¶8] Here, the court found that the father “is not here because he chooses 

not to be here,” which, it noted, was consistent with his failure to appear “for 

several previous hearings in this case.” This finding is supported by evidence of 

the father’s repeated failures to appear at earlier hearings and conferences. The 

record also indicates that the father was sent notice on July 25, 2012, that the 

hearing on the termination petition would take place on November 2, 2012. See id.

(“When the Department has demonstrated that the parent received notice of a 

hearing, a failure to appear is one means by which a parent may be deemed to have 

abandoned his or her child, which is a ground for finding parental unfitness.” 

(quotation marks omitted)). Additionally, Hurricane Sandy made landfall on 

Tuesday, October 30, and the termination hearing took place on Friday, 

November 2.

[¶9] Moreover, after declining to speak with the father by telephone, the 

court conducted an impartial evidentiary hearing in which the father’s counsel 

actively participated. See In re Robert S., 2009 ME 18, ¶ 16, 966 A.2d 894 (stating 

that due process requires an evidentiary hearing before terminating a parent’s 

rights). The father does not argue that his participation in the trial could have 

affected the court’s findings, or that the testimony given at trial was inaccurate, nor 

has he sought to supplement the record through any of the post-judgment motions 

that we outlined in In re A.M., 2012 ME 117, ¶ 23, 55 A.3d 463. Thus, we defer to 
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the court’s finding that the father was voluntarily absent, and we conclude that it 

was not an abuse of the court’s discretion to proceed without the father’s 

participation by telephone.

[¶10] Finally, contrary to the father’s contention, the record supports the 

court’s findings, by clear and convincing evidence, of at least one ground of 

parental unfitness and that termination of his parental rights is in the child’s best 

interest. See In re J.R., 2013 ME 58, ¶ 15, 69 A.3d 406.

The entry is:

Judgment affirmed.

______________________________________

On the briefs:

Heidi M. Pushard, Esq., Lewiston, for appellant father

Janet T. Mills, Attorney General, Jacob Bowie, Student Intern, and Nora 

Sosnoff, Asst. Atty. Gen., Office of Attorney General, Augusta, for appellee 

Department of Health and Human Services

At oral argument:

N. Seth Levy, Esq., Brunswick, for appellant father 

Meghan Szylvian, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee Department of Health and 

Human Services

Lewiston District Court docket number PC-2009-65

FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY