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# Use of Elevators During Fires

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> 
*Richard W. Bukowski, S. Regina Burgess and Paul A. Reneke, Editors*

In the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks in the U.S., provisions for emergency egress from tall buildings are being re-examined, worldwide. Possibilities being discussed include the utilization of protected elevators with stairways for both occupant egress and fire service access. These have been discussed over the years and have been the subject of research by a number of parties, including a cooperative program between NIST, the National Research Council of Canada, and the U.S. elevator industry.

Because of the renewed interest and in support of ongoing standards activities in ISO, NIST has collected relevant literature and made it available on its website. Permission of all copyright holders was obtained for any protected documents.

Alternate Floor Recall Provisions for Elevators Should Be Maintained.Analysis of the Influence of Piston Effect on Elevator Smoke Control.Application of Performance Based Concepts at the Stratosphere Tower, Las Vegas, Nevada.Computer Program for Analysis of Pressurized Stairwells and Pressurized Elevator Shafts.Computer Program for Analysis of Smoke Control Systems. Final Report.Elevator Fire Safety.Elevator Operation During Fire Emergencies in High Buildings.Elevator Piston Effect and the Smoke Problem.Elevator Usage During a Building Fire.Elevator Use for Egress: The Human-Factors Problems and Prospects.Elevators and Fire: Designing for Safety.Elevators and People With Disabilities in Japan: From Accessibility to Egressibility?Elevators and SprinklersElevators as a Means of Fire Escape.Evacuation Procedures for Occupants With Disabilities in Highrise Buildings.Evacuation Safety for Locomotion Disabled People.Fire and Elevators: The Building Environment.Fire Evacuation by Elevators.Fire Protection Challenges of the Americans Disabilities Act: Elevator Evacuation and Refuge Areas.General Services Administration Policy Sprinklers in Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.Handicapped Use of Elevators.High-Rise Building Emergencies: Education, Evacuation by Elevator, Firefighter's Elevators, External Platform.High Temperature Operation of Elevators.High Temperature Operation of Elevators.Human Factors Considerations for the Potential Use of Elevators for Fire Evacuation of FAA Air Traffic Control Towers.Human Factors Considerations in the Potential for Using Elevators in Building Emergency Evacuation Plans.In Consideration of Elevators as Part of a Building Evacuation Scheme.Multi-Purpose Elevators for Persons With Disabilities and Firefighters in High-Rise Office Buildings in the U.S. (With Concepts for Accessibility and Other Buildings and Locations).Selecting Strategies for Elevator Evacuations.Smoke Control Calculation for Pressurized Elevator Shaft.Smoke Control for Elevators.Smoke Control Systems for Elevator Fire Evacuation.Some Control and Communication Considerations in Designing an Emergency Elevator Evacuation System.Sprinklers in Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.Sprinklers in Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.Staging Areas for Persons With Mobility Limitations.Using Elevators as a Means of Egress.Utilization of Elevators During Fire Emergencies.Vertical Exiting: Are Elevators Another Way Out?Will Building Occupants Use Elevators for Evacuation? Factors Affecting Compliance With the Emergency Plan.Workshop on Elevator Use During Fires.

Disaster and failure studiesDisaster and failure studiesDisaster and failure studiesFire

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