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Filed 10/28/13 In re Giovanni C. CA1/2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

In re GIOVANNI C., a Person Coming 

Under the Juvenile Court Law.

THE PEOPLE,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

GIOVANNI C.,

Defendant and Appellant.

 A137752

 (Alameda County

 Super. Ct. No. SJ12185861)

The issue briefed by the parties is whether the juvenile court has the power under 

the contempt provision of the Juvenile Court Law (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 213) to order the 

minor remanded into custody—in plain language, detained or incarcerated—for persistent 

violation of the court‟s order directing the minor to attend school. During the pendency 

of this appeal, Division Three of this District held that a juvenile court remand order is 

not appealable, and that the juvenile court must follow the contempt procedures specified 

in the Code of Civil Procedure. The period of the minor‟s remand has ended, making this 

purported appeal from the remand order moot. Thus, in accordance with well-established 

precedent, we dismiss the appeal.

BACKGROUND

Giovanni C. does not like attending school. After being declared an habitual 

truant by his school district, truancy mediation with the probation officer and the 
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prosecuting attorney failed to correct the problem. This led to the prosecuting attorney 

filing a wardship petition under Welfare and Institutions Code section 601, 

subdivision (b). 

On May 4, 2012, Giovanni admitted the allegations of the petitions, expressly 

acknowledging that he was in court “because of my lack of going to school,” and that he 

would “be ordered to attend school each day, every day, every class, on time.” His 

admission came after the court told him, “If you were to violate court orders, you could 

be ordered to participate in the weekend training academy. [¶] . . . [¶] And you could 

spend time in juvenile hall on the weekends if you were to violate court orders.” 

Giovanni was declared a ward of the juvenile court, and admitted to probation upon 

specified conditions, among which were: “You‟re to attend school each day, every day, 

every class, on time and remain in those classes while they are in session. [¶] You‟re not 

to leave school until you finish your classes. [¶] You are to notify your probation officer 

of any tardies, absences, or disciplinary actions by school officials within seven days.” 

The following month the probation officer advised the court: “Since Giovanni last 

appeared in Court he has accumulated 4 days of absences, 38 missed periods, 11 tardies, 

and 3 tardies more than 30 minutes late . . . . [¶] . . . [T]he Assistant Principal . . . 

suspended Giovanni on May 11, 2012 for cutting school and he was supposed to return 

on Monday May 14, 2012 and Giovanni still cut class without any improvement in his 

attendance. Giovanni has completed his first year of high school and has completed 0 of 

the 55 credits attempted. He has received all F‟s in every class this entire school year. . . 

If the Court is so inclined, this Deputy is not opposed to remand.” 

On Friday, June 15, 2012, Giovanni‟s counsel advised the court that Giovanni 

“doesn‟t know why, but he always feels like staying up all night and sleeping all day and 

not getting out of bed to go to school. I think there may be some depression or some 

other mental health thing going on,” and recommended “I think this is another case where 

his family should be required to get him medically evaluated.” The court ordered 

Giovanni‟s father to “get him a medical evaluation to find out why he wants to stay up 
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and doesn‟t want to go to school.” Giovanni was “remanded for the weekend” to the 

juvenile justice camp. 

Matters appeared to improve when the new school year started. In October, the 

probation officer advised the court that since the new year began on August 28, Giovanni 

“. . . has accumulated 21 missed periods, 16 tardies, and 4 unexcused tardies more than 

20 minutes late,” but was involving himself in some school activities. At the progress 

hearing held on October 5, the court complimented Giovanni on these activities, but told 

him that the absences were “completely” unacceptable. The court concluded that “I‟m 

going to have you do one WETA [Weekend Training Academy] and that‟s the 

consequence for those 21 missed periods.” This was explained as an “out-of-custody” 

arrangement: “You‟re not going to stay overnight . . . and you‟re not going to be locked 

up . . . Basically what happens is you go out, they give you classes about different things, 

you do something physical” like “clean up at a park.” Giovanni was cautioned by his 

counsel that “the judge expects you to turn it around; otherwise, we may be talking about 

in-custody time in the future.” The court stated “in-custody time, . . . I only go there 

when I see somebody that just is not making any effort to do what they need to do. 

That‟s not the case here with you . . . But in any event, 21 missed periods is not okay. I 

want you to have some consequences for that . . . Now you have a weekend that‟s gone

. . . [¶] We‟re going to put this matter over . . . for further progress report and you‟re 

going to have to do one out-of-custody WETA.” 

On November 2, the probation officer reported that Giovanni failed to complete 

the ordered WETA. In addition, “Giovanni has improved his attendance since the last 

time he appeared in Court. He has been attending school daily, however he needs to 

reduce the tardies and get to each and every class on time. In reference to Giovanni‟s 

grades, he is currently receiving F‟s in each class.” With respect to the missed WETA, 

the court noted “it looks like he‟s just blown it off.” The court told Giovanni “you came 

awfully close to going into custody,” but ordered him to do another out-of-custody WETA 

over a weekend. 
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In December, the probation officer reported to the court that Giovanni was 

backsliding and had again been suspended: “Since Giovanni last appeared in Court he 

has accumulated 7 unexcused absences, 27 missed periods, 16 tardies, and 2 tardies 

arriving more than 30 minutes late” “with no valid reason as to why he missed school.” 

“Giovanni‟s attendance is below satisfactory.” 

At a progress hearing on December 21, the court stated that Giovanni was 

“disrespecting his parents, missing several days of school. When his mother tries to talk 

to him about that, he tells her to shut up and gives her the middle finger. . . . So he is out 

of control [the description used by Giovanni‟s mother] sounds like to me. [¶] The 

recommendation is for remand.” Giovanni‟s counsel responded strongly to the possibility 

“the court is inclined to remand, that is, incarcerate Giovanni.” In addition to the 

unresolved issue “that there may be a severe mental health problem here,” counsel argued 

“the law does not allow this court to incarcerate this minor under the normal Welfare and 

Institutions Code sections. There‟s no such power. There is contempt power” but only if 

the court “meet[s] the due process requirements” of the Code of Civil Procedure. 

Although the court continued to maintain it had the power to order a remand, it agreed to 

do “further investigation.” For the moment, “I am going to order that he do three 

additional WETAs. Those are out of custody . . . You [Giovanni] should be on notice 

that we‟re going to escalate here and that if you continue to do what it seems . . . is your 

course of conduct . . . . [¶] . . . [¶] . . . The court thinks that it warrants your spending 

time in juvenile hall, so be aware of that. . . . [¶] We‟re going to put the matter over till 

January the 18th. And I expect you to have those WETAs completed.” 

The probation officer‟s final progress report painted a bleak picture:

“Since Giovanni last appeared in Court, his attendance has made very little 

improvement. From January 7, 2013 through January 15, 2013, he has accumulated 

15 unexcused missed periods. . . . [¶] . . . [¶] Giovanni seems to be arriving at school 

whenever he feels like going to school. When the undersigned spoke to mom on several 

occasions, she is never aware or approved Giovanni to be out of school during the periods 

he missed.
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“Giovanni continues to disobey the orders of the Court. He has not made the 

improvement in his attendance that he needs to. The minor has not completed any of the 

3 WETAs that were ordered at his last court hearing. His family has been assessed to 

work with the Lincoln‟s Child Center to begin counseling services and he has failed to 

make contact with his Community Liaison [Herbert Smyer]; despite all efforts that have 

been made by Mr. Smyer to make contact with Giovanni. In addition, his behavior in the 

home is unacceptable; he still disrespects his mother and doesn‟t comply with her house 

rules and the Court‟s curfew of 6:00 p.m. [¶] Giovanni continues to disregard the efforts 

of the Court, Probation, Lincoln Child Center, [high school] officials, and his mother. If 

the Court is so inclined, this Deputy is not opposed to remand.” 

The final progress hearing was held on January 18, 2013. Counsel for Giovanni 

referred to “arguments I‟ve made to the court in other cases, . . . that I believe the court 

has no authority in the current posture to incarcerate my client. Based on the court‟s 

comments in other similar situations . . . I‟ve given the court my brief that was submitted 

on the . . . case which presents all the arguments.” Counsel reiterated his position that the 

exercise of the court‟s contempt power must be guided by the contempt provisions in the 

Code of Civil Procedure. Giovanni, who was present at the hearing, was remanded to the 

juvenile justice center, until the afternoon of January 20, when he would be released to 

his mother.

On January 30, Giovanni filed a timely notice of appeal from the remand order. 

DISCUSSION

One of the “other cases” mentioned by Giovanni‟s counsel at the January hearing 

was then being appealed. That case too involved a weekend remand for failure to attend 

WETAs as ordered by the same judicial officer. After Giovanni‟s appeal was briefed, our 

colleagues in Division Three held that the remand order was not appealable, but the 

defective appeal would be treated as a petition for an extraordinary writ. (In re M.R. 

(2013) 220 Cal.App.4th 49, 65.) Division Three further held that “Although the appeal is 

technically moot” because the remand period had expired, “we shall exercise our inherent 
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discretion to resolve an issue of broad public interest that is likely to recur while evading 

appellate review.” (Id. at p. 56.) 

“When no effective relief can be granted, an appeal is moot and will be dismissed. 

[Citation.] „ “ „[T]he duty of this court . . . is to decide actual controversies by a 

judgment which can be carried into effect, and not to give opinions upon moot questions 

or abstract propositions, or to declare principles or rules of law which cannot affect the 

matter in issue in the case before it.‟ ” ‟ [Citation.] . . . “[W]hen, pending an appeal from 

the judgment of a lower court, and without any fault of the [respondent], an event occurs 

which renders it impossible for this court, if it should decide the case in favor of 

[appellant], to grant him [or her] any effectual relief whatever, the court will not proceed 

to a formal judgment, but will dismiss the appeal. [Citations.]” ‟ [Citation.]” (In re 

Jessica K. (2000) 79 Cal.App.4th 1313, 1315 -1316.)

“An exception to this rule exists where the question to be decided is of continuing 

public importance and is one „ “ „capable of repetition, yet evading review.‟ ” ‟ 

[Citations.] Accordingly, „if a pending case poses an issue of broad public interest that is 

likely to recur, the court may exercise an inherent discretion to resolve that issue even 

though an event occurring during its pendency would normally render the matter moot.‟ 

[Citations.]” (In re Christina A. (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 1153, 1158.)

This exception was used in M.R. to address the issue in what was conceded by all 

sides to be a moot case. (In re M.R., supra, 49 Cal.App.4th 49, at p. 56.) Giovanni‟s 

purported appeal is from the identical type of nonappealable moot order. Now that the 

merits of the issue have been addressed by Division Three, there is no basis for this court 

not following its duty to dismiss. (In re Jessica K., supra, 79 Cal.App.4th 1313, 

1315-1316; In re Ruby T. (1986) 181 Cal.App.3d 1201, 1204; 9 Witkin, Cal. Procedure 

(5th ed. 2008) Appeal, § 749, p. 814.)

DISPOSITION

The purported appeal is dismissed.
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_________________________

Richman, J.

We concur:

_________________________

Kline, P.J.

_________________________

Brick, J.*

 

*

Judge of the Alameda County Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to 

article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.