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Home Smoke Alarm Project, Manufactured Home TestsReport of Test FR 4016February, 2005 Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Richard W. Bukowski, and Paul A. RenekeBuilding and Fire Research LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and Technology This Report of Test documents a series of full scale tests conducted as part of research into the performance of smoke alarms. The twenty seven experiments conducted as part of this test series were performed in a manufactured home. Another series of tests, conducted in a two-story house, consisted of a total of nine experiments with instrumentation similar to those included in this report and is reported in NIST Report of Test 4017, also available on this web site. The data collected is presented without analysis or interpretation in order to provide access to the data by interested parties. Introduction The overall purpose of the project is to determine how different types of fire alarms can respond to threatening residential fire settings in order to permit occupant egress. Full-scale tests of current smoke, heat, and carbon monoxide alarms in actual homes with appropriate contents as fuels provide a base of data to evaluate the performance of modern residential alarm technologies. Fire scenarios (including ignition source, first item ignited, and room of fire origin) were selected based upon a statistical analysis of available fire loss data. Selected fires include a mattress fire in a bedroom, upholstered chair fire in a living area, and a cooking oil fire in a kitchen. This report documents experimental test series in the program conducted to characterize the environment in typical residential fire scenarios. Data presented include the time varying concentrations of CO, CO2, and O2, smoke obscuration, and temperature at multiple locations in the structure. Additional details of instrumentation design and location, along with uncertainty estimates for the measurements is included NIST Technical Note 1455 [1]. Test Data Data for each of the 27 tests, numbered 1 through 15 and 30 through 41 are available. For each of the tests, a summary of the test conditions and ignition source are presented below. Spreadsheets of all test data are included. Graphs of the data are available here. Description of the column headings in the spreadsheets is available separately for tests 1 through 15 and for tests 30 through 41. Uncertainty in the measurements is discussed in the full report. Test 1, Smoldering Chair, Living Area Test 2, Flaming Chair, Living Area Test 3, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom (Test aborted due to ignition failure) Test 4, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom Test 5, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom Test 6, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom Test 7, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom Test 8, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom Test 9, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) Test 10, Flaming Chair, Living Area Test 11, Smoldering Chair, Living Area Test 12, Cooking Oil Fire, Kitchen Test 13, Cooking Oil Fire, Kitchen Test 14, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) Test 15, Flaming Chair, Living Area Test 30, Smoldering Chair, Living Area (Test aborted due to ignition failure) Test 31, Smoldering Chair, Living Area Test 32, Flaming Chair, Living Area (Test aborted due to ignition failure) Test 33, Flaming Chair, Living Area Test 34, Smoldering Chair, Living Area Test 35, Flaming Chair, Living Area Test 36, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) Test 37, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom Test 38, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom Test 39, Flaming Mattress, Bedroom Test 40, Smoldering Mattress, Bedroom Test 41, Cooking Oil Fire, KitchenFor the non-modified smoke alarms, heat alarms, and telltale sprinklers, only an activation time is available. Uncertainty in the measurements is discussed in the full report. Activation Time for Non-Modified Smoke Alarms, Heat Alarms, and Sprinkler Test Description Non-modified Smoke Alarms Heat Alarm Telltale SprinklerPhoto Ion IonSDC01 Smoldering Chair in Living Room 3412 5192 5247 --* --SDC02 Flaming Chair in Living Room 78 24 28 130 --SDC03 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom (Test aborted due to ignition failure) -- -- -- -- --SDC04 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom 3871 -- -- -- --SDC05 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom 42 32 32 140 147SDC06 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom 3443 5998 5998 -- 6073SDC07 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom 85 43 47 205 137SDC08 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom 2339** 3697 3699 3798 3745SDC09 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) 95 29 29 3724 127SDC10 Flaming Chair in Living Room 108 -- 44 369 194SDC11 Smoldering Chair in Living Room 883 3971 3963 -- 4359SDC12 Vegetable Oil on Kitchen Stove 741 -- 751 1453 1437SDC13 Vegetable Oil on Kitchen Stove 690 588 682 1388 1388SDC14 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) 2648 3402 3406 -- 3414SDC15 Flaming Chair Living Room 231 203 199 -- 351SDC30 Smoldering Chair in Living Room (Test aborted due to Ignition Failure) -- -- -- -- --SDC31 Smoldering Chair in Living Room 4245 4905 4911 8084 8103SDC32 Flaming Chair in Living Room (Test Aborted due to Ignition Failure) -- -- -- -- --SDC33 Flaming Chair in Living Room 106 20 22 16 --SDC34 Smoldering Chair in Living Room 1668 3548 3712 3900 --SDC35 Flaming Chair in Living Room 108 22 22 138 --SDC36 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom (Burn Room Door Closed) 72 38 44 99 124SDC37 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom 1632 1746 1736 -- --SDC38 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom 95 39 37 1145 139SDC39 Flaming Mattress in Bedroom 90 34 34 120 126SDC40 Smoldering Mattress in Bedroom 2570 -- -- -- --SDC41 Vegetable Oil on Kitchen Stove 642 136 230 1244 1262* No data available ** Triggered alarm for 40 s at 2339; second alarm at 3707 s Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the Fire Metrology Group and others, including N. Bryner, W. Walton, T. Cleary, D. Stroup, W. Twilley, J. Lee, G. Roadarmel, J. McElroy, M. Selepak, D. Weinert, M. Donnelly, M. Nyden, C. Davis, and L. DeLauter. G. Forney developed the web conversion for the test data. In addition, an in-kind contribution from the National Research Council-Canada measured toxicological species with FTIR within the manufactured home. The measurements were taken by Dr. J. Siu and Dr. J. Kanabus-Kaminska. The results are pending further analysis. The home smoke alarm project was sponsored by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Fire Administration, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Affairs, Underwriters Laboratories. The National Fire Protection Association (In-kind contribution), and National Research Council Canada, (In-kind contribution). References [1] Bukowski, R.W., Peacock, R.D., Averill, J.D., Cleary, T.G., Bryner, T.G., Walton, W.D., Reneke, P.A., and Kuligowski, E.D., Performance of Home Smoke Alarms: Analysis of the Response of Several Available Technologies in Residential Fire Settings, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Tech. Note 1455 (2003).
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