Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Gregory A. Kyriazis

Electrical Metrology Division

Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil

Measurement Challenges for Smart Grids in the Americas

Inter-American System of Metrology (SIM)
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Energy and Environment

• Energy conversion 

• Energy T & D 

• Energy and Materials 

Recovery

• Renewable Energy

• Efficient use of energy 

• Risk and life time technology

• Clean Tech and environmental 

management
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Sensing – a key issue for the Smart Grid

• Smart grids – Sensing, embedded processing and digital 

communications to enable the electricity grid to be

• observable (able to measure the states of all grid 

elements),

• controllable (able to affect the state of any grid element),

• automated (able to adapt and self-heal) and

• fully integrated (fully interoperable with existing systems 

and have the capacity to incorporate a diversity of energy 

sources)
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Synchrophasors are precise grid measurements available from monitors 

called Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). 

PMU measurements are taken at high speed 

(typically 30 observations per second, over 100 times faster than 

conventional SCADA technology).

Each measurement is time-stamped according to a common time 

reference such as GPS. 

Time-stamping allows measurements from different locations and utilities 

to be time-aligned (synchronized) and combined together providing a 

precise and comprehensive view of the entire interconnection. 

Synchrophasor measurements can be used to indicate grid stress, and 

can be used to trigger corrective actions to maintain reliability.

Synchrophasor Measurement
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Phasor representation

Common reference signal at remote locations synchronized by GPS

Time = 0

Time = 0

Synchrophasor Measurement

Signal 1

Reference

Signal 2

Reference
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Synchrophasor Measurement System (SPMS)

Grid monitored by 

PMUs synchronized 

with GPS

PMU time-stamped 

data communicated 

to Phasor Data 

Concentrators (PDC)
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

PTs and CTs match 

high voltages and 

currents to PMU 

input requirements
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

• Voltage measurements - 1%

• Current measurements - 10%

• TVE (Total Vector Error) - 1%

• Such accuracies encompass 

the whole chain, including 

PMU, Potential Transformers, 

Current Transformers and other 

transducers

Synchrophasor Measurement Accuracy 
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Measurement Traceability 

An unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated measurement uncertainties

Quantum 

Standards
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Inter-American System of Metrology (SIM)
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

PMU Applications for Wide Area Monitoring, Analysis and Control

Monitoring Analysis Control

Frequency Post Event Analysis Adaptive Islanding

Voltage Model Validation Adaptive Relaying

Oscillation Detection State Estimation Power System Stabilizing / 

Power Oscillation Dampers

Wide-area Visualization Black-start Restoration

Operator Decision Support Automated Remedial Action 

Schemes

State Estimation (hybrid or 

linear state estimation / 

state measurement)

Renewables Integration
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Frequecy in System PMU

UFAM PMU First synchronism of 

Manaus system, July 9th, 

2013

Frequency recorded 

in BIPS PMUs

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

Time (UTC) – Day: 7/9/2013

Connecting Isolated system to Interconnected System
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Load shedding 

scheme

Time: 22:36 GMT

Phase C Single-phase short circuit, 

eliminated by the opening of the 230 kV 

TL Porto Velho / Abunã C2.

Voltage (pu) at UNIR PMU

phases A, B and C

Detecting Electric Faults
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

• NASPI is a voluntary collaboration between the electric bulk power system 

community (industry, vendors, academics, consultants), North American 

Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and DOE to advance the deployment 

and use of synchrophasor technology 

• NASPI priorities are set and executed by industry volunteers 

• NERC funds the NASPI meetings, and Grid Protection Alliance work on 

phasor infrastructure development 

• DOE funds phasor research projects and support to NASPI Task Teams by 

National Lab staff and Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions 

(CERTS) program contractors

• NIST funds some of the standards development work

Synchrophasor Measurement in North America

https://www.naspi.org/
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Synchrophasor Measurement in North America

Almost 1800 

PMUs were 

installed 

across North 

America in 

2015
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

2006

2009

2010

2011

2012

2014

2015

Synchrometrology Lab

founded with support 

from Department of 

Energy Synchrophasor 

testing 

performed for 

ONS Brazil NIST-ARRA Grant to Fluke 

Calibration to develop a 

commercially available PMU 

Calibration System

IEEE 

C37.118.1-2011 

Published with

tests developed 

at NIST ICAP Synchrophasor

Conformance 

Assessment Steering 

Committee founded

IEEE 

C37.118.1a-2014 

amendment 

based on NIST 

recommendations

ICAP Test Suite Specification Published

First ICAP Test Lab assessed by NIST

ICAP Synchrophasor Performance Assessment Pilot

IEEE 

C37.118.1-2005 

Published

2009 – 8 PMUs tested by NIST and none met 

the 2005 standard

2012-2014 NIST assessed the electrical 

performance of 15 PMUs (some “legacy” 

PMUs in use at the time) and none met 

the 2011 standard

IEEE Standard for 

Synchrophasor

Measurements for 

Power Systems

Standardization Efforts on PMU Testing

IEEE Synchrophasor Conformity 

Assessment Program begins 

(ICAP)
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

NIST-SIM Engagement Opportunity

• 4

th cycle of support for NIST-SIM collaborations

• This program is aimed at strengthening the metrology 

infrastructure within SIM and is limited to staff of SIM 

National Metrology Institutes and Designated Institutes

• In 2017 Brazilian NMI (Inmetro) and Argentinian NMI 

(INTI) sent experts to be trained on PMU calibration 

and testing at NIST. They will be also exposed to the 

IEEE Synchrophasor Conformity Assessment Program

We now present the initiatives of these two 

countries concerning the PMU technology
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

31 Substations

181 Line Terminals

Synchrophasor Measurement System in Brazil 
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Year Brazilian National Grid Operator (ONS) Activity

2005 Technical Studies for PMU Location

2006/2007 Synchronized Phasor Measurement System Technical Specification 

2008 Technical Studies for Application of Phasor Measurements 

Technology for Real-time Decision Making

2009 PMU Certification Process 

(ONS contracted NIST to test 8 PMUs and none passed the tests)

2011 Partnership with Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)

2012 MME / IBRD understandings for funding SPMS

2013 Telecommunication Technical Specification

2014 PDC Infrastructure / Applications Acquisition 

2015 PDC Contracting and Applications

2016/2017 Beginning of Operation

Synchrophasor Measurement in Brazil
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Synchrophasor Measurement in Brazil
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Synchrophasor Measurement in Argentina

An Argentinian project to 

- develop a Synchrophasor Measurement System for direct application in the 

Argentinian Interconnected Power System (SADI), 

- establish the basis for its serial production, 

- and develop testing platforms
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Activity 1. Development of a commercial PMU

IEEE C37.118.1-2011 - compliant PMU

Component 1: Testing and selection of 

algorithms for synchrophasor estimation

Component 2: Development of voltage and 

current transducers to reduce signal 

magnitudes to PMU input requirements

Component 3: Development of PMU 

communication module

Component 4: Implementation of PMU 

electronics and embedded software

Argentinian Project Activities
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Argentinian Project Activities

Activity 2. Development of PMU testing platform 

according to IEEE C37.118.1-2011 and IEC 61000

Component 1: Development of reference 

system for calibrating PMUs

Component 2: Implementation of 

Electromagnetic Compatibility and 

Electric Safety Testing
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

Activity 3. Development of software tools for synchrophasor data processing & analysis.

Grid analysis tools are useful for decision & diagnostic based on PMU network data.

Component 1: Development and implementation of 

software for synchrophasor data processing and analysis 

Component 2: Optimization of the sensing network

Argentinian Project Activities
Panel Discussion

International Metrology Cooperation in support of Energy & Environment

III Ministerial Meeting of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)

September 07 – 08, 2017, Sheraton Miramar Hotel, Vina del Mar, Chile

Gregory Kyriazis – Inmetro - Brazil

What National Grid 

Operators know in 

their context

What we 

both know

What National

Metrology 

Institutes know 

in their context

Creating what’s 

possible together

Wise Measurements

for Smart Grids

’a smart grid is never smarter

than the quality of its measurements’

Sharing experience, insights and knowledge