U.S. flag
        An official website of the United States government
          Here’s how you know
        Here’s how you know**Official websites use .gov**
              
              A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
        **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
              
              A **lock** (  A locked padlock
) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/suppressantpowders
  Search NIST
    Search
              Menu

      


Close
    Topics
        All Topics
                                                        Advanced communications
                                                        Artificial intelligence
                                                        Bioscience
                                                        Buildings and construction
                                                        Chemistry
                                                        Climate
                                                        Cybersecurity
                                                        Electronics
                                                        EnergyEnvironment
                                                        Fire
                                                        Forensic science
                                                        Health
                                                        Information technology
                                                        Infrastructure
                                                        Manufacturing
                                                        Materials
                                                        Mathematics and statisticsMetrology
                                                        Nanotechnology
                                                        Neutron research
                                                        Performance excellence
                                                        Physics
                                                        Public safety
                                                        Resilience
                                                        Standards
                                                        Transportation
            Publications
            Labs & Major Programs
        Laboratories
                                Communications Technology Laboratory
                                  Engineering Laboratory
                                  Information Technology Laboratory
                                  Material Measurement Laboratory
                                  Physical Measurement LaboratoryUser Facilities
                                NIST Center for Neutron Research
                                  CNST NanoFab
                                                        Research Test Beds
                                                        Research Projects
                                                        Tools & InstrumentsMajor Programs
                                Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
                                  CHIPS for America Initiative
                                  Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)
                                  Office of Advanced Manufacturing
                                  Special Programs Office
                                  Technology Partnerships Office
            Services & Resources
        Standards and Measurements
                                Calibration Services
                                  Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)
                                  Quality System
                                  Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)
                                  Standards.gov
                                  Time Services
                                  Office of Weights and MeasuresSoftware
                                                        Data
                                Chemistry WebBook
                                  National Vulnerability Database
                                  Physical Reference Data
                                  Standard Reference Data (SRD)
                                                        Storefront
                                                        License & PatentsComputer Security Resource Center (CSRC)
                                                        NIST Research Library
            News & Events
        News
                                                        Events
                                                        Blogs
                                                        Feature Stories
                                                        AwardsVideo Gallery
                                                        Image Gallery
                                                        Media Contacts
            About NIST
        About Us
                                Leadership
                                  Organization Structure
                                  Budget & Planning
                                                        Contact Us
                                                        Visit
                                                        Careers
                                Student programsWork with NIST
                                                        History
                                NIST Digital Archives
                                  NIST Museum
                                  NIST and the Nobel
                                                        Educational Resources
 
 Engineering Laboratory
      Fire Research Division
    
      
  Groups
                            Expand or Collapse
          Fire Fighting Technology
                      Engineered Fire Safety
                      Flammability Reduction
                      Wildland-Urban Interface Fire
                      National Fire Research Laboratory
          Product & Services
                            Expand or Collapse
          Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport Model (CFAST)
                      Fire Calorimetry Database (FCD)
                      Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Smokeview
                      Fire Research Grants Program
                      Fire on the Web
                      Fire.Gov for the Fire Service
                      NIST Technical Note 1483
                      Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology
                      Selected Publications
                      Software
                      Turnout Gear Selector (ToGS)
          Programs/Projects
                            Expand or Collapse
          Fire Risk Reduction in Buildings Program
                      Fire Risk Reduction in Communities Program
          EmploymentSuppressant:Powders

Share
  Facebook
                      Linkedin
                      Twitter
                      Email

Suppressant:Powders  Halon Issues in Developing Countries.. Moore, T. A.; 1992  Alkali Metal Salt Aerosols as Fire Extinguishants.. Spring, D. J.; Ball, D.; 1993  Encapsulated Micron Aerosol Agents (EMMA).. Kibert, C.; Dierdorf, D. S.; 1993  Practical Application of In Situ Aerosol Measurement.. O'Hern, T. J.; Rader, D. J.; 1993  Solid Particle Fire Extinguishants for Aircraft Applications.. Harrison, G. C.; 1993  Pyrotechnic Aerosol Extinguishing for AFV Engine Bays.. Ball, D.; Russell, M. S.; 1994  Toxicological Assessment of a Fire Suppressant and Potential Substitute for Ozone Depleting Sustances.. Smith, E. A.; Kimmel, E. C.; Bowen, L. E.; Reboulet, J. E.; Carpenter, R. L.; 1994  Evaluation of Non-Pyrotechnically Generated Aerosols as Fire Suppressants.. Chattaway, A.; Dunster, R. G.; Gall, R.; Spring, D. J.; 1995  Halon Alternatives Health Effects Assessment.. Rubenstein, R.; 1995  Determinants of SFE Toxicity: Interaction of Atmospheric, Dynamic, and Physiological Responses.. Carpenter, R. L.; Kimmel, E. C.; Smith, E. A.; 1996  Development of a Versatile Low Cost Fraunhofer Diffraction Instrument for Particle Size Measurement.. Patterson, R. A.; Tapscott, R. E.; Gobeli, G.; Brabson, G. D.; 1996  Fire Test Results for Solid Propellant Inert Gas Generators in the Walter Kidde Aerospace Dry Bay Fire Simulator.. Guesto-Barnak, D.; Sears, R. F.; Simpson, T. A.; Director, M.; Graham, K.; Wheatley, B.; Williams, E.; 1996  Halon Replacement Program for Combat Vehicles: A Status Report.. Bolt, W.; Herud, C.; Treanor, T.; McCormick, S.; 1996  Physicochemical Properties of SFE Fire Suppressant Atmospheres in Toxicity vs. Fire Extinguishment Tests: Implications for Aerosol Deposition and Toxicity.. Kimmel, E. C.; Smith, E. A.; Reboulet, J. E.; Carpenter, R. L.; 1996  Powdered Aerosols Performance in Various Fire Protection Applications.. Jacobson, E.; 1996  Pulmonary Edemagenesis in F-344 Rats Exposed to SFE (Fromulation A) Atmospheres.. Kimmel, E. C.; Smith, E. A.; Prues, S.; Zepp, K.; English, J. H.; Carpenter, R. L.; 1996  Pyrogenic Aerosol Fire Suppressants: Engineering of Delivery Systems and Corrosion Analysis.. Vitali, J. A.; Kibert, C.; Akers, J.; 1996  Toxicological Evaluation of Exposure to Two Formulation of a Pyrotechnically-Generated Aerosol: Range Finding and Multiple Dose.. Smith, E. A.; Kimmel, E. C.; Reboulet, J. E.; Prues, S.; Zepp, K.; Bulger, S.; Cassell, J. L.; Carpenter, R. L.; 1996  Concepts in the Inhalation Toxicity of Fire Suppressants: Pneumotoxicity.. Kimmel, E. C.; Carpenter, R. L.; 1997  Determination of Risk Factors for Acute Exposure to Powdered Aerosols.. Rusch, G. M.; 1997  Development of a Small Scale Class A Fire Test.. Chattaway, A.; Cox, G. G. A.; Preece, S.; Spring, D. J.; 1997  Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems.. Chattaway, A.; Gall, R.; Spring, D. J.; 1997  Fire-Extinguishing Powders.. Finnerty, A. E.; VandeKieft, L. J.; 1997  Gas VS. Economics and Environmental Questions.. Stewart, H. E.; MacElwee, D. B.; 1997  Halon Replacement Program for Combat Vehicles: A Status Report.. Bolt, W.; Herud, C.; Treanor, T.; McCormick, S.; 1997  PyroGen: A New Chemical Alternative to Halons.. Berezovsky, J.; 1997  Continuously Changing Ranking of Halon Alternatives.. Harper, G.; 1998  Extinction Studies of Propane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames: The Effectiveness of Aerosols.. Fleming, J. W.; Reed, M. D.; Zegers, E. J. P.; Williams, B. A.; Sheinson, R. S.; 1998  F/A-18E/F Engine Bay Fire Protection Risk Reduction Test Program.. Tedeschi, M.; Leach, W.; Ash, L.; 1998  Next-Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program.. Gann, R. G.; 1998  Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program (NGP): Technical Highlights.. Gann, R. G.; 1999  Suppression Mechanisms of Alkali Metal Compounds.. Williams, B. A.; Fleming, J. W.; 1999  U.S. Army Ground Vehicle Halon Replacement Programs.. McCormick, S.; Clauson, M. S.; Cross, H. M. S.; 1999  Evaluation of Self-Contained Commercial Halon Substitute Systems.. Maranghides, A.; Sheinson, R. S.; 2000  Fire Suppression by Particulates Containing Metallic Compounds.. Wanigarathne, P. C.; Krauss, R. H.; Chelliah, H. K.; Davis, R. J.; 2000  Handheld Fire Extinguisher Development.. Lifke, J. L.; Moore, T. A.; Mather, J. D.; 2000  New Fire Extinguishing Agents in Russia in the 1990s.. Dricker, G. Y.; 2000  Reducing Hydrogen Fluoride and Other Decomposition Using Powders and Halocarbons.. Moore, T. A.; 2000  Review of Technologies for Active Suppression for Fuel Tank Explosions.. Bennett, G.; 2000  U.S. Army Ground Vehicle Crew Compartment Halon Replacement Program.. McCormick, S.; Clauson, M. S.; Cross, H. M. S.; 2000  Comparison of the Fire Suppression Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate Particles and Fine-Water Droplets in Non-Premixed and Premixed Flames.. Chelliah, H. K.; Lazzarini, A. K.; Wanigarathne, P. C.; Linteris, G. T.; 2001  Effects of Non-Uniform Surface Regression on the Stability and Spreading of a PMMA Boundary Layer Flame Near the Extinction Limit.. Ndubizu, C. C.; Ananth, R.; Tatem, P. A.; 2002  Evaluation of Transition Metals for Practical Fire Suppression Systems.. McDonnell, D.; Dlugogorski, B. Z.; Kennedy, E. M.; 2002  Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program: FY2002 Progress.. Gann, R. G.; 2002  Suppression Effectiveness of Aerosols: The Effect of Size and Flame Type.. Fleming, J. W.; Williams, B. A.; Sheinson, R. S.; 2002  Development of Low Pressure Fine Water Spray for the Royal Navy: Additive Research and Preparations for Full Scale Testing.. Edwards, M.; Tinling, S.; Chapman, A.; 2003  Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program: FY2003 Progress.. Gann, R. G.; 2003  Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program: FY2004 Progress.. Gann, R. G.; 2004  "Black Widow" Thermal Absorptivity - Enhanced Dry Chemical Powder - Recent Evaluations in Various Fire Protection Applications.. Bennett, J. M.; 2005  Ballistic Evaluation of Fire Panel Fuel Tank Protection Device for Military Vehicles: Update.. Bennett, J. M.; Skaggs, R. R.; 2005  Effect of Measurement Volume Size on Phase Doppler Anemometer Measurements of Glass Microspheres.. Davis, J. M.; Disimile, P. J.; 2005  Mechanism of Fire Suppression by Condensed Aerosols.. Agafonov, V. V.; Kopylov, S. N.; Sychev, A. V.; Uglov, V. A.; Zhganov, D. B.; 2005  Challenges in Integrating Halon-Alternate Agents into Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems (AFES).. Hodges, S. E.; 2006  Crew Compartment Halon Replacement Program for Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems (AFES): Status and Successes.. McCormick, S.; Clauson, M.; 2006  Engine Compartment Halon 1301 Replacement Program (ECHRP): Status and Successes.. McCormick, S.; Clauson, M. S.; 2006  NGP Advances in Powder Panel and Propellant Technologies.. Grosshandler, W. L.; Cyphers, D. C.; Holland, G. F.; 2006
  Buildings and Construction and Buildings and Construction

    
    Created November 1, 2011, Updated January 6, 2017
 HEADQUARTERS
            100 Bureau Drive
              Gaithersburg, MD 20899301-975-2000
            Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices
        Twitter
            
Facebook
            
LinkedIn
            
Instagram
            
YouTube
            
Giphy
            
RSS Feed
            
Mailing List
                              How are we doing? Feedback

  
  Site Privacy
                      Accessibility
                      Privacy Program
                      Copyrights
                      Vulnerability Disclosure
                      No Fear Act Policy
                      FOIA
                      Environmental Policy
                      Scientific Integrity
                      Information Quality Standards
                      Commerce.gov
                      Science.gov
                      USA.gov
                      Vote.gov