# Patent

## Title
Fungicide N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclic-carboxamide derivatives

## Abstract

The present invention relates N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclic-carboxamide, thiocarboxamide or N-substituted carboximidamide derivatives of formula (I) wherein A represents a carbo-linked, 5-membered heterocyclyl group; T represents O, S, N—Ra, N—ORa, N—NRaRb or N—CN; Z1 represents a C3-C7-cycloalkyl group; X represents N or a CZ7 and Z2; Z3; L1 and L2 represent various substituents; their process of preparation; preparation intermediate compounds; their use as fungicide active agents, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, notably of plants, using these compounds or compositions.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
The present application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 national phase conversion of PCT/EP2008/060037 filed Jul. 31, 2008, which claims priority of European Application No. 07356103.7 filed Jul. 31, 2007 and European Application No. 08356060.7 filed Apr. 16, 2008.
The present invention relates to N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclic-carboxamide, thiocarboxamide or N-substituted carboximidamide derivatives, their process of preparation, preparation intermediate compounds, their use as fungicide active agents, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions, and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, notably of plants, using these compounds or compositions.
In international patent application WO-2007/014290 certain N-substituted-N-bicyclic-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives are generically embraced in a broad disclosure of numerous compounds of the following formula:




wherein W1 can represent oxygen or sulphur; A can represent NH or CH2; R1 can represent a phenyl or heterocyclic ring; G can represent a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, more specifically a thiazole ring; W2 can represent oxygen or sulphur; Qa can represent C4-C7-cycloalkyl and Qb can represent a 8-11-membered, partially saturated, bicyclic system. However, this document does not specifically disclose nor suggest to select such compounds wherein the nitrogen atom of the N-QaQb moiety can be substituted by a cycloalkyl.

It is always of high-interest in agriculture to use novel pesticide compounds in order to avoid or to control the development of resistant strains to the active ingredients. It is also of high-interest to use novel compounds being more active than those already known, with the aim of decreasing the amounts of active compound to be used, whilst at the same time maintaining effectiveness at least equivalent to the already known compounds. We have now found a new family of compounds that possess the above mentioned effects or advantages.
Accordingly, the present invention provides N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclic-carboxamide derivatives of formula (I)




wherein

    
    
        A represents a carbo-linked, partially saturated or unsaturated, 5-membered heterocyclyl group that can be substituted by up to four groups R;
        T represents O, S, N—Ra, N—ORa, N—NRaRb or N—CN;
        Z1 represents a non substituted C3-C7-cycloalkyl or a C3-C7 cycloalkyl substituted by up to 10 atoms or groups that can be the same or different and that can be selected in the list consisting of halogen atoms; cyano; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl; di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl or carbamoyl;
        Z2 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; cyano; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
        L1 and L2, that can be the same or different, represent CZ4Z5, NZ6, O, S, S(O) or S(O)2;
        m represents 1, 2 or 3;
        X represents CZ7 or N;
        Z3 and Z7, that can be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; nitro; cyano; hydroxyl; thio; amino; pentafluoro-λ6-thio; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylamino; di-C1-C8-alkylamino; C1-C8-alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different C2-C8-alkenyloxy; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyloxy; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C3-C7-cycloalkyl; C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl; C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; formyl; formyloxy; formylamino; carboxy; carbamoyl; N-hydroxycarbamoyl; carbamate; (hydroxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl; to C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl; di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl; N—C1-C8-alkyloxycarbamoyl; C1-C8-alkoxycarbamoyl; N—C1-C8-alkyl-C1-C8-alkoxycarbamoyl; C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl; di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl; C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyloxy; di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyloxy; C1-C8-alkyloxycarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkylsulphenyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphinyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulphonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxyimino, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkenyloxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkynyloxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl, a (benzyloxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl; tri(C1-C8-alkyl)silyl; tri(C1-C8-alkyl)silyl-C1-C8-alkyl; phenyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; benzyloxy that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; benzylthio that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; benzylamino that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; naphtyl that can be substituted by up to 6 groups Q; phenoxy that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; phenylamino that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; phenylthio that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; phenylmethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; pyridinyl that can be substituted by up to four groups Q and pyridinyloxy that can be substituted by up to four groups Q; phenoxymethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
        two substituents Z3 or Z7 together with the consecutive carbon atoms to that they are linked can form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or non-saturated, carbo- or hetero-cycle, that can be substituted by up to four groups Q that can be the same or different;
        p represents 1, 2, or 3;
        R, that can be the same or different, represent hydrogen atom; halogen atom; cyano; nitro; amino; thio; pentafluoro-λ-6-thio; C1-C8-alkylamino; di-C1-C8-alkylamino; tri(C1-C8-alkyl)silyl; C1-C8-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkenyloxy; C2-C8-alkynyloxy; C3-C7-cycloalkyl; C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-alkylsulphinyl; C1-C8-alkyl-sulphonyl; C1-C8alkoxyimino; (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl; (benzyloxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl; phenoxy; benzyloxy; benzylthio; benzylamino; naphtyl; halogenophenoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl; di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl;
        Ra and Rb, that can be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; C2-C8-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C3-C7-cycloalkyl; C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl; C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; formyl; C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylsulphonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; phenyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; naphthyl that can be substituted by up to 6 groups Q; phenylmethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; phenylsulphonyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
        Z4 and Z5, that can be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atoms; cyano; nitro, C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; C2-C8-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C3-C7-cycloalkyl; C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl; C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; formyl; C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylsulphinyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphinyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C$-alkylsulphonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
        Z6 represents a hydrogen atom; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; C2-C$-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C3-C7-cycloalkyl; C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl; C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylsulphonyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; phenylsulfonyl can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q; benzyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
        Q, that can be the same or different, represents a halogen atom; cyano; nitro; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulphanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; tri(C1-C8)alkylsilyl and tri(C1-C8)alkylsilyl-C1-C8-alkyl;
        as well as salts, N-oxides, metallic complexes, metalloidic complexes and optically active or geometric isomers thereof.
    
    


Any of the compounds according to the invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers depending on the number of stereogenic units (as defined by the IUPAC rules) in the compound. The invention thus relates equally to all the stereoisomers, and to the mixtures of all the possible stereoisomers, in all proportions. The stereoisomers can be separated according to the methods that are known per se by the man ordinary skilled in the art.
According to the invention, the following generic terms are generally used with the following meanings:

    
    
        halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;
        heteroatom can be nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur;
        halogenated groups, notably haloalkyl, haloalkoxy and cycloalkyl groups, can comprise up to nine identical or different a halogen atoms;
        Any alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group can be linear or branched;
        the term “aryl” means phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by one to five groups selected in the list consisting of halogen, [C1-C6]-alkyl, [C1-C6]-haloalkyl, [C2-C6]-alkenyl, [C2-C6]-haloalkenyl, [C2-C6]-alkynyl, [C2-C6]-haloalkynyl, [C1-C6]-alkoxy, [C1-C4]-alkoxy-[C1-C4]-alkyl, [C1-C4]-alkoxy-[C1-C4]-alkoxy, [C1-C6]-haloalkoxy and [C1-C4]-haloalkoxy-[C1-C4]-alkyl;
        In the case of an amino group or the amino moiety of any other amino-containing group, substituted by two substituents that can be the same or different, the two substituents together with the nitrogen atom to that they are linked can form a heterocyclyl group, preferably a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl group, that can be substituted or that can include other hetero atoms, for example a morpholino group or piperidinyl.
    
    


Preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein A is selected in the list consisting of:

    
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A1)
    
    






wherein:

    R1 to R3 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A2)
    
    






wherein:

    R4 to R6 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-CS-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A3)
    
    






wherein:

    R7 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R8 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A4)
    
    






wherein:

    R9 to R11 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; amino; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A5)
    
    






wherein:

    R12 to R14 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-alkoxy; amino; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A6)
    
    






wherein:

    R15 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a cyano; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R16 and R18 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkoxycarbonyl; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R17 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A7)
    
    






wherein:

    R19 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5-alkyl;
    R20 to R22 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A8)
    
    






wherein:

    R23 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R24 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A9)
    
    






wherein:

    R25 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R26 represents a hydrogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen to atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A10)
    
    






wherein:

    R27 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R28 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; amino; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms which can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkylsulfanyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkylsulfanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkylamino or di(C1-C5-alkyl)amino;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A11)
    
    






wherein:

    R29 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R39 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkylsulfanyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkylsulfanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; amino; C1-C5-alkylamino or di-C1-C5-alkylamino;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A12)
    
    






wherein:

    R31 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom or a C1-C5-alkyl;
    R32 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R33 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a nitro; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A13)
    
    






wherein:

    R34 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C3-C5-cycloalkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C2-C5-alkynyloxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R35 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; a cyano; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; amino; C1-C5-alkylamino or di(C1-C5-alkyl)amino;
    R36 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A14)
    
    






wherein:

    R37 and R38 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms which can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; or a C1-C5-alkylsulfanyl;
    R39 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A15)
    
    






wherein:

    R40 and R41 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A16)
    
    






wherein:

    R42 and R43 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or amino;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A17)
    
    






wherein:

    R44 and R45 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms which can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A18)
    
    






wherein:

    R47 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R46 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A19)
    
    






wherein:

    R48 and R49 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A20)
    
    






wherein:

    R50 and R51 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different or C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A21)
    
    






wherein:

    R52 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A22)
    
    






wherein:

    R53 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A23)
    
    






wherein:

    R54 and R55 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R56 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A24)
    
    






wherein:

    R57 and R59 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R58 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A25)
    
    






wherein:

    R60 and R61 that can be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
    R62 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    
        a heterocycle of formula (A26)
    
    






wherein:

    R63 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; a cyano; C1-C5-alkoxy; C1-C5-alkylsulphanyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; amino; C1-C5alkylamino or di(C1-C5-alkyl)amino;
    R64 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C5-alkyl;
    R65 represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C5-alkyl; C3-C5-cycloalkyl; C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C5-alkoxy; C2-C5-alkynyloxy or C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.


More preferred compounds of formula (I) according are those wherein A is selected in the list consisting of A2; A6, A10 and A13.
Even more preferred compounds according to the invention are those wherein A represents A13 wherein R34 represents C1-C5-alkyl C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; R35 represents a hydrogen or a fluorine atom; R36 represents methyl.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein T represents O or S.
Other more preferred compounds according to the invention are those wherein T represents O.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein Z1 represents cyclopropyl.
Other more preferred compounds according to the invention are those wherein those wherein Z1 represents a non-substituted cyclopropyl.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein Z2 represents a hydrogen atom.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein L1 represents CZ4Z5.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein L2 represents CZ4Z5 and m represents 1 or 2.
Other preferred compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are those wherein Z3 and Z7, that can be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxy or C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
The above mentioned preferences with regard to the substituents of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be combined in various manners, either individually, partially or entirely. These combinations of preferred features thus provide sub-classes of compounds according to the invention. Examples of such sub-classes of preferred compounds according to the invention can combine:

    
    
        preferred features of A with preferred features of one or more of T, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of T with preferred features of one or more of A, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of Z1 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z2, L1, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of Z2 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, L1, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of L1 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, Z2, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of L2 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, Z2, L2, m, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of m with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, Z3 and Z7;
        preferred features of Z3 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, and Z7;
        preferred features of Z7 with preferred features of one or more of A, T, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, and Z3.
    
    


In these combinations of preferred features of the substituents of the compounds according to the invention, the said preferred features can also be selected among the more preferred features of each of A, T, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, Z3 and Z7 so as to form most preferred subclasses of compounds according to the invention.
The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
Thus according to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a process P1 for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as herein-defined, as illustrated by the following reaction scheme:




wherein

    
    
        T represents O, N—Ra, N—ORa, N—NRaRb or N—CN;
        Y1 represents a halogen atom or a hydroxyl;
        A, Z1 to Z3, Ra, Rb, L1, L2, X, m and p are as herein-defined
    
    


In process P1 according to the invention, step 1 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and if appropriate in the presence of an acid binder.
N-cycloalkyl-amine derivatives of formula (II) are known or can be prepared by known processes (J. Het. Chem., 1983, p 1031-6; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, p 5192-5201; Synt. Comm. 2003, p 3419-25; Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1981, 29(3), 720).
When T represents O, carboxylic acid derivatives of formula (III) are known or can be prepared by known processes (WO-93/11117; EP-A 0 545 099; Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1987, p 737-759, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2002, p 2105-2108).
When T represents N—Ra, N—ORa, N—NRaRb or N—CN, N-substituted carboximidoyl chloride derivatives of formula (III) are known or can be prepared by known processes, for example as described in Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der organischen Chemie” (1985), E5/1, 628-633 and Patai, “The chemistry of amidines and imidates” (1975), 296-301.
Suitable acid binders for carrying out process P1 according to the invention can be inorganic or organic bases which are customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or other ammonium hydroxide derivatives; alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate; alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate; alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkaline earth metal or alkali metal alcoolates, such as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium propylate or potassium t-butylate; and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, N-methylpiperidine, N,N-dimethyl-aminopyridine, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN) or diaza-bicycloundecene (DBU) or a polymer-supported acid scavenger (for example as detailed in http://www.iris-biotech.de/downloads/scavengers.pdf).
It is also possible to work in the absence of any additional acid binder or to employ an excess of the amine component, so that it simultaneously acts as acid binder agent.
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P1 according to the invention can be customary inert organic solvents. Preference is given to using optionally halogenated aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decalin; chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichlorethane or trichlorethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or i-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone, or hexamethylphosphoric triamide; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol; esters, such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate, sulphoxides, such as dimethyl sulphoxide, or sulphones, such as sulpholane.
When carrying out process P1 according to the invention, the amine derivative of formula (II) can be employed as its salt, such as chlorhydate or any other convenient salt.
When carrying out process P1 according to the invention, 1 mole or an excess of the amine derivative of formula (II) and from 1 to 3 moles of the acid binder can be employed per mole of the reagent of formula (III).
It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
In general, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue that remains can be freed by known methods, such as chromatography or recrystallization, from any impurities that can still be present.
According to a further aspect according to the invention, there is provided a process P2 for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein T represents S, as herein-defined, as illustrated by the following reaction scheme:




wherein A, Z1 to Z3, L1, L2, X, m, p and Y are as herein-defined;

Process P2 can be performed in the presence of a thionating agent.
Starting amide derivatives of formula (I) can be prepared according to process P1 wherein T represents O.
Suitable thionating agents for carrying out process P2 according to the invention can be sulphur (S), sulfhydric acid (H2S), sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), boron trisulfide (B2S3), bis(diethylaluminium) sulfide ((AlEt2)2S), ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S), phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5), Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide) or a polymer-supported thionating reagent such as described in J. Chem. Soc. Perkin 1, (2001), 358. in the presence or not of a catalytic, stoechiometric or more amount of a base such as an inorganic or organic base. Preference is given to using alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate; heterocyclic aromatic bases, such as pyridine, picoline, lutidine, collidine; and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-aminopyridine or N-methylpiperidine.
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P2 according to the invention can be customary inert organic solvents. Preference is given to using optionally halogenated aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decalin; chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichlorethane or trichlorethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,2-diethoxyethane; nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or i-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; sulphurous solvents, such as sulpholane or carbon disufide.
When carrying out process P2 according to the invention, 1 mole or an excess of the sulphur equivalent of the thionating agent and from 1 to 3 moles of the base can be employed per mole of the amide reactant (I).
It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
In general, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue that remains can be freed by known methods, such as chromatography or recrystallization, from any impurities that can still be present.
When carrying out processes P1 and P2 according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, these processes are carried out at temperatures from 0° C. to 160° C., preferably from 10° C. to 120° C. A way to control the temperature for the processes according to the invention is to use micro-wave technology.
Processes P1 and P2 according to the invention are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. It is also possible to operate under elevated or reduced pressure.
Compounds according to the invention can be prepared according to the above described to processes. It will nevertheless be understood that, on the basis of his general knowledge and of available publications, the skilled worker will be able to adapt these processes according to the specifics of each of the compounds according to the invention that is desired to be synthesized.
Still in a further aspect, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (II) useful as intermediate compounds or materials for the process of preparation according to the invention. The present invention thus provides compounds of formula (II)




wherein Z1, Z2, L1, L2, m, X, Z3 and p are as herein-defined provided that X represents N when Z4 and Z5 both represent a hydrogen atom or when L2 represents NZ6 and that compound of formula (II) is not 3-(cyclopropylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1,7-dimethyl-1H-indan-4-ol.

In a further aspect, the present invention also relates to a fungicide composition comprising an effective and non-phytotoxic amount of an active compound of formula (I).
The expression “effective and non-phytotoxic amount” means an amount of composition according to the invention that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the crops, and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for the said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the climatic conditions and the compounds included in the fungicide composition according to the invention. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
Thus, according to the invention, there is provided a fungicide composition comprising, as an active ingredient, an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as herein defined and an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier or filler.
According to the invention, the term “support” denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic compound with that the active compound of formula (I) is combined or associated to make it easier to apply, notably to the parts of the plant. This support is thus generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable. The support can be a solid or a liquid. Examples of suitable supports include clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilisers, water, alcohols, in particular butanol, organic solvents, mineral and plant oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such supports can also be used.
The composition according to the invention can also comprise additional components. In particular, the composition can further comprise a surfactant. The surfactant can be an emulsifier, a dispersing agent or a wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type or a mixture of such surfactants. Mention can be made, for example, of polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulphonic acid salts, phenolsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (in particular alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (in particular alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyoxyethylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the above compounds containing sulphate, sulphonate and phosphate functions. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally essential when the active compound and/or the inert support are water-insoluble and when the vector agent for the application is water. Preferably, surfactant content can be comprised from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition.
Optionally, additional components can also be included, e.g. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive that complies with the usual formulation techniques.
In general, the composition according to the invention can contain from 0.05 to 99% by weight of active compound, preferably 10 to 70% by weight.
Compositions according to the invention can be used in various forms such as aerosol dispenser, capsule suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dustable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsion oil in water, emulsion water in oil, encapsulated granule, fine granule, flowable concentrate for seed treatment, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, granule, hot fogging concentrate, macrogranule, microgranule, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible flowable concentrate, oil miscible liquid, paste, plant rodlet, powder for dry seed treatment, seed coated with a pesticide, soluble concentrate, soluble powder, solution for seed treatment, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ultra low volume (ULV) liquid, ultra low volume (ULV) suspension, water dispersible granules or tablets, water dispersible powder for slurry to treatment, water soluble granules or tablets, water soluble powder for seed treatment and wettable powder. These compositions include not only compositions that are ready to be applied to the plant or seed to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device, but also concentrated commercial compositions that must be diluted before application to the crop.
The compounds according to the invention can also be mixed with one or more insecticide, fungicide, bactericide, attractant, acaricide or pheromone active substance or other compounds with biological activity. The mixtures thus obtained have normally a broadened spectrum of activity. The mixtures with other fungicide compounds are particularly advantageous.

    
    
        Examples of suitable fungicide mixing partners can be selected in the following lists
        (1) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bupirimate, clozylacon, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl and oxolinic acid.
        (2) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl and zoxamide.
        (3) Inhibitors of the respiration, for example diflumetorim as Cl-respiration inhibitor; bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, fluopyram, furametpyr, furmecyclox, isopyrazam (9R-component), isopyrazam (9S-component), mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide as CII-respiration inhibitor; amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin as CIII-respiration inhibitor.
        (4) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, like for example binapacryl, dinocap, fluazinam and meptyldinocap.
        (5) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, and silthiofam.
        (6) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil.
        (7) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example fenpiclonil, fludioxonil and quinoxyfen.
        (8) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example biphenyl, chlozolinate, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, iprobenfos, iprodione, isoprothiolane, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl and vinclozolin.
        (9) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, pefurazoate, penconazole, piperalin, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, quinconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, viniconazole and voriconazole.
        (10) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, polyoxins, polyoxorim, prothiocarb, validamycin A, and valiphenal.
        (11) Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis, for example carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilon and tricyclazole.
        (12) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, like for example acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, and tiadinil.
        (13) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, like for example bordeaux mixture, captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper preparations such as copper hydroxide, copper sulphate, dichlofluanid, dithianon, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, fluorofolpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, oxine-copper, propamidine, propineb, sulphur and sulphur preparations including calcium polysulphide, thiram, tolylfluanid, zineb and ziram.
        (14) Further compounds like for example 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-{2-[1,1′-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, methyl 1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N′-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide, N′-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, O-{1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate, N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, propamocarb-fosetyl, 1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate, 1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-phenylphenol and salts, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, quinolin-8-ol, quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (salt), benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat, chloroneb, cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyprosulfamide, dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophen, diclomezine, dicloran, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulphate, diphenylamine, ecomate, ferimzone, flumetover, fluopicolide, fluoroimide, flusulfamide, fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-calcium, fosetyl-sodium, hexachlorobenzene, irumamycin, isotianil, methasulfocarb, methyl (2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenone, (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone, mildiomycin, tolnifanide, N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, natamycin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlorophenol and salts, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, phenothrin, phosphorous acid and its salts, propamocarb fosetylate, propanosine-sodium, proquinazid, pyrrolnitrine, quintozene, S-prop-2-en-1-yl 5-amino-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioate, tecloftalam, tecnazene, triazoxide, trichlamide, 5-chloro-N′-phenyl-N′-prop-2-yn-1-ylthiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide and zarilamid.
    
    


The composition according to the invention comprising a mixture of a compound of formula (I) with a bactericide compound can also be particularly advantageous. Examples of suitable bactericide mixing partners can be selected in the following list: bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations.
The compounds of formula (I) and the fungicide composition according to the invention can be used to curatively or preventively control the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops. Thus, according to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops characterised in that a compound of formula (I) or a fungicide composition according to the invention is applied to the seed, the plant or to the fruit of the plant or to the soil wherein the plant is growing or wherein it is desired to grow.
The method of treatment according to the invention can also be useful to treat propagation material such as tubers or rhizomes, but also seeds, seedlings or seedlings pricking out and plants or plants pricking out. This method of treatment can also be useful to treat roots. The method of treatment according to the invention can also be useful to treat the overground parts of the plant such as trunks, stems or stalks, leaves, flowers and fruit of the concerned plant.
Among the plants that may becan be protected by the method according to the invention, mention may becan be made of cotton; flax; vine; fruit or vegetable crops such as Rosaceae sp. (for instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as apricots, almonds and peaches), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantins), Rubiaceae sp., Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for instance lemons oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for instance tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for instance lettuces), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp., Papilionaceae sp. (for instance peas), Rosaceae sp. (for instance strawberries); major crops such as Graminae sp. (for instance maize, lawn or cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for instance sunflower), Cruciferae sp. (for instance colza), Fabacae sp. (for instance peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for instance soybean), Solanaceae sp. (for instance potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for instance beetroots), Elaeis sp. (for instance oil palm); horticultural and forest crops; as well as genetically modified homologues of these crops.
Among the diseases of plants or crops that can be controlled by the method according to the invention, mention can be made of:

    
    
        Powdery Mildew Diseases such as
    
    
    Blumeria diseases caused for example by Blumeria graminis; 
    Podosphaera diseases caused for example by Podosphaera leucotricha; 
    Sphaerotheca diseases caused for example by Sphaerotheca fuliginea; 
    Uncinula diseases caused for example by Uncinula necator; 
    
        Rust Diseases such as
    
    
    Gymnosporangium diseases caused for example by Gymnosporangium sabinae; 
    Hemileia diseases caused for example by Hemileia vastatrix; 
    Phakopsora diseases caused for example by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; 
    Puccinia diseases caused for example by Puccinia recondite, Puccinia graminis or Puccinia striiformis; 
    Uromyces diseases caused for example by Uromyces appendiculatus; 
    
        Oomycete Diseases such as
    
    
    Albugo diseases caused for example by Albugo candida; 
    Bremia diseases caused for example by Bremia lactucae; 
    Peronospora diseases caused for example by Peronospora pisi and Peronospora brassicae; 
    Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phytophthora infestans; 
    Plasmopara diseases caused for example by Plasmopara viticola; 
    Pseudoperonospora diseases caused for example by Pseudoperonospora humuli and Pseudoperonospora cubensis; 
    Pythium diseases caused for example by Pythium ultimum; 
    
        Leaf spot, Leaf blotch and Leaf Blight Diseases such as
    
    
    Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria solani; 
    Cercospora diseases caused for example by Cercospora beticola; 
    Cladiosporium diseases caused for example by Cladiosporium cucumerinum; 
    Cochliobolus diseases caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus (Conidiaform: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; 
    Colletotrichum diseases caused for example by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; 
    Cycloconium diseases caused for example by Cycloconium oleaginum; 
    Diaporthe diseases caused for example by Diaporthe citri; 
    Elsinoe diseases caused for example by Elsinoe fawcettii; 
    Gloeosporium diseases caused for example by Gloeosporium laeticolor; 
    Glomerella diseases caused for example by Glomerella cingulata; 
    Guignardia diseases caused for example by Guignardia bidwellii; 
    Leptosphaeria diseases caused for example by Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria nodorum; 
    Magnaporthe diseases caused for example by Magnaporthe grisea; 
    Mycosphaerella diseases caused for example by Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis; 
    Phaeosphaeria diseases caused for example by Phaeosphaeria nodorum; 
    Pyrenophora diseases caused for example by Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; 
    Ramularia-diseases caused for example by Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola; 
    Rhynchosporium diseases caused for example by Rhynchosporium secalis; 
    Septoria diseases caused for example by Septoria apii and Septoria lycopersici; 
    Typhula diseases caused for example by Thyphula incarnate; 
    Venturia diseases caused for example by Venturia inaequalis; 
    
        Root-, Sheath and Stem Diseases such as
    
    
    Corticium diseases caused for example by Corticium graminearum; 
    Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium oxysporum; 
    Gaeumannomyces diseases caused for example by Gaeumannomyces graminis; 
    Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani; 
    Sarocladium diseases caused for example by Sarocladium oryzae; 
    Sclerotium diseases caused for example by Sclerotium oryzae; 
    Tapesia diseases caused for example by Tapesia acuformis; 
    Thielaviopsis diseases caused for example by Thielaviopsis basicola; 
    
        Ear and Panicle Diseases including Maize cob such as
    
    
    Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria spp.;
    Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus flavus; 
    Cladosporium diseases caused for example by Cladiosporium cladosporioides; 
    Claviceps diseases caused for example by Claviceps purpurea; 
    Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium culmorum; 
    Gibberella diseases caused for example by Gibberella zeae; 
    Monographella diseases caused for example by Monographella nivalis; 
    
        Smut- and Bunt Diseases such as
    
    
    Sphacelotheca diseases caused for example by Sphacelotheca reiliana; 
    Tilletia diseases caused for example by Tilletia caries; 
    Urocystis diseases caused for example by Urocystis occulta; 
    Ustilago diseases caused for example by Ustilago nuda; 
    
        Fruit Rot and Mould Diseases such as
    
    
    Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus flavus; 
    Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea; 
    Penicillium diseases caused for example by Penicillium expansum and Penicillium purpurogenum; 
    Rhizopus diseases caused by example by Rhizopus stolonifer 
    Sclerotinia diseases caused for example by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; 
    Verticillium diseases caused for example by Verticillium alboatrum; 
    
        Seed- and Soilborne Decay, Mould, Wilt, Rot and Damping-off diseases
    
    
    Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria brassicicola; 
    Aphanomyces diseases caused for example by Aphanomyces euteiches; 
    Ascochyta diseases caused for example by Ascochyta lentis; 
    Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus flavus; 
    Cladosporium diseases caused for example by Cladosporium herbarum; 
    Cochliobolus diseases caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus; 
    (Conidiaform: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium);
    Colletotrichum diseases caused for example by Colletotrichum coccodes; 
    Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium culmorum; 
    Gibberella diseases caused for example by Gibberella zeae; 
    Macrophomina diseases caused for example by Macrophomina phaseolina; 
    Microdochium diseases caused for example by Microdochium nivale; 
    Monographella diseases caused for example by Monographella nivalis; 
    Penicillium diseases caused for example by Penicillium expansum; 
    Phoma diseases caused for example by Phoma lingam; 
    Phomopsis diseases caused for example by Phomopsis sojae; 
    Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phytophthora cactorum; 
    Pyrenophora diseases caused for example by Pyrenophora graminea; 
    Pyricularia diseases caused for example by Pyricularia oryzae; 
    Pythium diseases caused for example by Pythium ultimum; 
    Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani; 
    Rhizopus diseases caused for example by Rhizopus oryzae; 
    Sclerotium diseases caused for example by Sclerotium rolfsii; 
    Septoria diseases caused for example by Septoria nodorum; 
    Typhula diseases caused for example by Typhula incarnate; 
    Verticillium diseases caused for example by Verticillium dahliae; 
    
        Canker, Broom and Dieback Diseases such as
    
    
    Nectria diseases caused for example by Nectria galligena; 
    
        Blight Diseases such as
    
    
    Monilinia diseases caused for example by Monilinia laxa; 
    
        Leaf Blister or Leaf Curl Diseases including deformation of blooms and fruits such as
    
    
    Exobasidium diseases caused for example by Exobasidium vexans. 
    Taphrina diseases caused for example by Taphrina deformans;
    
        Decline Diseases of Wooden Plants such as
    
    
    Esca disease caused for example by Phaeomoniella clamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea; 
    Ganoderma diseases caused by example by Ganoderma boninense; 
    
        Diseases of Flowers and Seeds such as
    
    
    Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea; 
    
        Diseases of Tubers such as
    
    
    Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani; 
    Helminthosporium diseases caused for example by Helminthosporium solani; 
    
        Club root diseases such as
    
    
    Plasmodiophora diseases, cause for example by Plamodiophora brassicae. 
    
        Diseases caused by Bacterial Organisms such as
    
    
    Xanthomanas species for example Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae; 
    Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; 
    Erwinia species for example Erwinia amylovora. 


The fungicide composition according to the invention can also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber. The term “timber” means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. The method for treating timber according to the invention mainly consists in contacting one or more compounds according to the invention, or a composition according to the invention; this includes for example direct application, spraying, dipping, injection or any other suitable means.
The dose of active compound usually applied in the method of treatment according to the invention is generally and advantageously from 10 to 800 g/ha, preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha for applications in foliar treatment. The dose of active substance applied is generally and advantageously from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kg of seed in the case of seed treatment.
It is clearly understood that the doses indicated herein are given as illustrative examples of the method according to the invention. A person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the application doses, notably according to the nature of the plant or crop to be treated.
The fungicide composition according to the invention can also be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms with the compounds according to the invention or the agrochemical compositions according to the invention. Genetically modified plants are plants into genome of that a heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest has been stably integrated. The expression “heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest” essentially means to genes that give the transformed plant new agronomic properties, or genes for improving the agronomic quality of the modified plant.
The compounds or mixtures according to the invention can also be used for the preparation of composition useful to curatively or preventively treat human or animal fungal diseases such as, for example, mycoses, dermatoses, trichophyton diseases and candidiases or diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., for example Aspergillus fumigatus. 
The various aspects of the invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following table of active or intermediate compound examples and the following preparation or efficacy examples.
The following tables illustrates in a non-limiting manner examples of active or intermediate compounds according to the invention.
In the following table, M+H (or M−H) means the molecular ion peak, plus or minus 1 a.m.u. (atomic mass unit) respectively, as observed in mass spectroscopy and M (Apcl+) means the molecular ion peak as it was found via positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation in mass spectroscopy.
















 













Example

Z1
T
A
M + H
logP
















1




cPr
O




360



 


2




cPr
O




348



 


3




cPr
O




382



 


4




cPr
S




398



 


5




cPr
O




348



 


6




cPr
O




314



 


7




cPr
O




328



 


8




cPr
O




344



 


9




cPr
O








 


10




cPr
O




370



 


11




cPr
O




382



 


12




cPr
O




328



 


13




cPr
O




342



 


14




cPr
O








 


15




cPr
O




328



 


16




cPr
O




406



 


17




cPr
S




422



 


18




cPr
O








 


19




cPr
O




356



 


20




cPr
O








 


21




cPr
O




356



 


22




cPr
O




386



 


23




cPr
O








 


24




cPr
O




329



 


25




cPr
O




330



 


26




cPr
O




346



 


27




cPr
O








 


28




cPr
O




364



 


29




cPr
O








 


30




cPr
O




406



 


31




cPr
O




404



 


32




cPr
O




502



 


33




cPr
O




470



 


34




cPr
O




405



 


35




cPr
O




434



 


36




cPr
O




378



 


37




cPr
O




362



 


38




cPr
O




400



 


39




cPr
O




368



 


40




cPr
O




382



 


41




cPr
O




410



 


42




cPr
O




382



 


43




cPr
O




436



 


44




cPr
O




402



 


45




cPr
O




402



 


46




cPr
O




460



 


47




cPr
O




414



 


48




cPr
O




398



 


49




cPr
O




384



 


50




cPr
O




400



 


51




cPr
O




382



 


52




cPr
O




396



 


53




cPr
O




410



 


54




cPr
O




420



 


55




cPr
O




362



 


56




cPr
S




378



 


57




cPr
O




312



 


58




cPr
O




326



 


59




cPr
O




354



 


60




cPr
O




326



 


61




cPr
O




380



 


62




cPr
O




346



 


63




cPr
O




346



 


64




cPr
O




404



 


65




cPr
O




358



 


66




cPr
O




342



 


67




cPr
O




328



 


68




cPr
O




344



 


69




cPr
O




344



 


70




cPr
O




326



 


71




cPr
O




340



 


72




cPr
O




354



 


73




cPr
O




378



 


74




cPr
O




366



 


75




cPr
O




400



 


76




cPr
O




366



 


77




cPr
S








 


78




cPr
O




332



 


79




cPr
O




346



 


80




cPr
O




362



 


81




cPr
O




410



 


82




cPr
O




388



 


83




cPr
O




400



 


84




cPr
O




346



 


85




cPr
O




360



 


86




cPr
O








 


87




cPr
O




346



 


88




cPr
O




424



 


89




cPr
O








 


90




cPr
O




374



 


91




cPr
O








 


92




cPr
O




374



 


93




cPr
O








 


94




cPr
O








 


95




cPr
O




347



 


96




cPr
O




348



 


97




cPr
O




364



 


98




cPr
O




436



 


99




cPr
O




382



 


100




cPr
O








 


101




cPr
O




364



 


102




cPr
O




520



 


103




cPr
O




488



 


104




cPr
O




376



 


105




cPr
O




452



 


106




cPr
O




424



 


107




cPr
O




344



 


108




cPr
O




402



 


109




cPr
O








 


110




cPr
O








 


111




cPr
O








 


112




cPr
O








 


113




cPr
O








 


114




cPr
O








 


115




cPr
O




330



 


116




cPr
O




388



 


117




cPr
O




350



 


118




cPr
O




364



 


119




cPr
O




392



 


120




cPr
O




364



 


121




cPr
O




418



 


122




cPr
O




384



 


123




cPr
O




384



 


124




cPr
O




442



 


125




cPr
O




396



 


126




cPr
O




380



 


127




cPr
O




366



 


128




cPr
O




382



 


129




cPr
O




382



 


130




cPr
O




364



 


131




cPr
O




378



 


132




cPr
O




392



 


133




cPr
O




349



 


134




cPr
O




363



 


135




cPr
O




391



 


136




cPr
O




363



 


137




cPr
O




417



 


138




cPr
O




383



 


139




cPr
O




383



 


140




cPr
O




441



 


141




cPr
O




395



 


142




cPr
O




379



 


143




cPr
O




365



 


144




cPr
O




381



 


145




cPr
O




381



 


146




cPr
O




363



 


147




cPr
O




377



 


148




cPr
O




391



 


149




cPr
O




330



 


150




cPr
S








 


151




cPr
O




388



 


152




cPr
O




395



 


153




cPr
O




381



 


154




cPr
O




401



 


155




cPr
O




397



 


156




cPr
O




367



 


157




cPr
O




401



 


158




cPr
O




381



 


159




cPr
O




413



 


160




cPr
O




459



 


161




cPr
O




381



 


162




cPr
O




399



 


163




cPr
O




383



 


164




cPr
O




399


























 











Example

Z1
M + H
logP





165




cPr
206


 


166




cPr
189


 


167




cPr

1.22


 


168




cPr
362


 


169




cPr
294


 


170




cPr
330


 


171




cPr

0.81


 


172




cPr
230


 


173




cPr
252


 


174




cPr

1.15


 


175




cPr

0.32


 


176




cPr

0.83


 


177




cPr

0.67


 


178




cPr

1.26









The following examples illustrate in a non-limiting manner the preparation and efficacy of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention.


PREPARATION EXAMPLE
N-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (compound 5)
Step 1: preparation of 7-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine
To a cooled solution of 4.16 ml (60 mmol) of cyclopropylamine and 4.3 ml (75 mmol) of acetic acid, together with 5 g of 3 Å molecular sieves, in 80 ml of methanol, are added 5 g (30 mmol) of 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one. The reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hrs at reflux. The reaction mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature and 2.83 g (45 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride are slowly added. The reaction mixture is further stirred for 2 hrs at reflux. The solvent is removed under vacuum and 100 ml of water are then added to the residue and the pH is adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxyde. The watery layer is extracted three times with dichloromethane (3×50 ml); the combined organic layers are dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuum to yield 5.6 g (80% yield) of 7-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine as an brown oil (M+1=208).
Step 2: preparation of N-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
At ambient temperature, a solution of 0.19 g (1.06 mmol) of 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride in 3 ml of tetrahydrofurane is added dropwise to a solution of 0.20 g (0.96 mmol) of 7-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine and 0.15 ml triethylamine in 8 ml tetrahydrofurane. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hrs at reflux. The solvent is removed under vacuum and 10 ml of water are then added to the residue. The watery layer is extracted three times with ethyl acetate (3×20 ml); the combined organic layers are dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuum. Column chromatography (gradient n-heptane/ethyl acetate) yields 0.26 mg (73% yield) of N-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide as an orange oil (M+1=348).
GENERAL PREPARATION EXAMPLE
Thionation of Amide of Formula (I) on Chemspeed Apparatus
In a 13 ml Chemspeed vial is weighted 0.27 mmole of phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5). 3 ml of a 0.18 molar solution of the amide (I) (0.54 mmole) in dioxane is added and the mixture is heated at reflux for two hours. The temperature is then cooled to 80° C. and 2.5 ml of water are added. The mixture is heated at 80° C. for one more hour. 2 ml of water are then added and the reaction mixture is extracted twice by 4 ml of dichloromethane. The organic phase is deposited on a basic alumina cardridge (2 g) and eluted twice by 8 ml of dichloromethane. The solvents are removed and the crude thioamide derivative is analyzed by LCMS and NMR. Insufficiently pure compounds are further purified by preparative LCMS.
EXAMPLE A
In Vivo Test on Pyrenophora teres (Barley Net Blotch)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/DMSO, then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material concentration.
Barley plants (Express variety), sown on a 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana substrate in starter cups and grown at 12° C., are treated at the 1-leaf stage (10 cm tall) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants, used as controls, are treated with the mixture of acetone/tween/DMSO/water not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying them with an aqueous suspension of Pyrenophora teres spores (12,000 spores per ml). The spores are collected from a 12-day-old culture. The contaminated barley plants are incubated for 24 hours at about 20° C. and at 100% relative humidity, and then for 12 days at 80% relative humidity.
Grading is carried out 12 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants. Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) or total protection is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 25, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 105, 117, 122, 125, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139 and 141.
EXAMPLE B
In Vivo Test on Mycosphaerella graminicola (Wheat Leaf Spot)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/DMSO, then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material concentration.
Wheat plants (Scipion variety), sown on a 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana substrate in starter cups and grown at 12° C., are treated at the 1-leaf stage (10 cm tall) by spraying with the aqueous suspension described above. Plants, used as controls, are treated with an aqueous solution not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying them with an aqueous suspension of Mycosphaerella graminicola spores (500 000 spores per ml). The spores are collected from a 7-day-old culture. The contaminated wheat plants are incubated for 72 hours at 18° C. and at 100% relative humidity, and then for 21 to 28 days at 90% relative humidity. Grading (% of efficacy) is carried out 21 to 28 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants.
Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) or total protection is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 19, 22, 24, 30, 31, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 95, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 153 and 157.
EXAMPLE C
In Vivo Test on Puccinia recondita (Brown Rust)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/DMSO, then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material. Wheat plants (Scipion variety) sown on 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana substrate in starter cups and grown at 12° C., are treated at the 1-leaf stage (10 cm tall) by spraying with the aqueous suspension described above.
Plants, used as controls, are treated with an aqueous solution not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Puccinia recondita spores (100,000 spores per ml). The spores are collected from a 10-day-old contaminated wheat and are suspended in water containing 2.5 ml/l of tween 80 10%. The contaminated wheat plants are incubated for 24 hours at 20° C. and at 100% relative humidity, and then for 10 days at 20° C. and at 70% relative humidity.
Grading is carried out 10 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants. Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) or total protection is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 46, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 59, 65, 72, 73, 75, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 96, 99, 101, 104, 106, 108, 116, 141, 149 and 151.
EXAMPLE D
In Vivo Test on Alternaria brassicae (Leaf Spot of Crucifers)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by potter homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/water. This suspension is then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material concentration.
Radish plants (Pernot variety), sown on a 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana substrate in starter cups and grown at 18-20° C., are treated at the cotyledon stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above.
Plants, used as controls, are treated with the mixture of acetone/tween/water not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying them with an aqueous suspension of Alternaria brassicae spores (40,000 spores per cm3). The spores are collected from a 12 to 13 days-old culture.
The contaminated radish plants are incubated for 6-7 days at about 18° C., under a humid to atmosphere.
Grading is carried out 6 to 7 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants. Under these conditions, good protection (at least 70%) is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 25, 28, 31, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 56, 65, 76, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 90, 92, 122, 138, 141 and 153.
EXAMPLE E
In Vivo Test on Botrytis cinerea (Grey Mould)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/DMSO, then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material.
Gherkin plants (Vert petit de Paris variety), sown on a 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana substrate in starter cups and grown at 18-20° C., are treated at the cotyledon Z11 stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above.
Plants, used as controls, are treated with an aqueous solution not containing the active material. After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by depositing drops of an aqueous suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores (150,000 spores per ml) on upper surface of the leaves. The spores are collected from a 15-day-old culture and are suspended in a nutrient solution composed of:

    
    
        20 g/L of gelatin;
        50 g/L of D-fructose;
        2 g/L of NH4NO3;
        1 g/L of KH2PO4.
    
    


The contaminated cucumber plants are settled for 5-7 days in a climatic room at 15-11° C. (day/night) and at 80% relative humidity.
Grading is carried out 5/7 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants.
Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) protection is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 74, 76, 78, 85, 133 and 138.
EXAMPLE F
In Vivo Test on Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Powdery Mildew)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/tween/water. This suspension is then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material concentration.
Gherkin plants (Vert petit de Paris variety) in starter cups, sown on a 50/50 peat soil-pozzolana to substrate and grown at 20° C./23° C., are treated at the cotyledon Z10 stage by spraying with the aqueous suspension described above. Plants, used as controls, are treated with an aqueous solution not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying them with an aqueous suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea spores (100 000 spores per ml). The spores are collected from a contaminated plants. The contaminated gherkin plants are incubated at about 20° C./25° C. and at 60/70% relative humidity.
Grading (% of efficacy) is carried out 12 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants.
Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) or total protection is observed at a dose of 500 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 24, 30, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 84, 85, 87, 92, 95, 96, 104, 106, 115, 117, 122, 123, 125, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 146 and 147.
EXAMPLE G
In Vivo Test on Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Soybean Rust)
The active ingredients tested are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone/Emulgator PS16. This suspension is then diluted with water to obtain the desired active material concentration.
Soybean plants (Miyagishirome variety), sown on a horticultural soil in plastic pots and grown at 20° C., are treated at the 1.5-leaf stage (20 cm tall) by spraying with the aqueous suspension described above. Plants, used as controls, are treated with an aqueous solution not containing the active material.
After 24 hours, the plants are contaminated by spraying them with an aqueous suspension of Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores (100,000 spores per ml). The spores are collected from contaminated plants. The contaminated soybean plants are incubated at about 20° C. and at 80% relative humidity.
Grading is carried out 11 days after the contamination, in comparison with the control plants. Under these conditions, good (at least 70%) or total protection is observed at a dose of 250 ppm with the following compounds: 1, 12, 13, 17, 19, 31, 90 and 92.

## Claims

1. A compound of formula (1)




wherein
T is selected from the of O. S. N—Ra, N—ORa, N—NRaRb and N—CN;
Z1 is selected from the group consisting of a non substituted C3-C7-cycloalky and a C3-C7 cycloalky substituted by up to 10 atoms or groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl, and carbamoyl;
Z2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; L1 and L2 are independently selected from the group consisting of CZ4Z5, NZ6, O, S, S(O) and S(O)2;
m is 1, 2 or 3;
Z3 and Z7 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, thio, amino, pentafluoro-λhu 6-thio, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8alkynyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different C2-C8-alkenyloxy, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8-alkynyloxy, C2-C8-halogenoalkynyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, formyl, formyloxy, formylamino, carboxy, carbamoyl, N -hydroxycarbamoyl, carbamate, (hydroxyimino)-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, N-C1-C8-alkyloxycarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbamoyl, N-C1-C8-alkyl-C1-C8-alkoxycarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C8alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyloxy,di -C1-C8-alkylaminocarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkyloxycarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkylsulfenyl, C1-C8halogenoalkylsulfenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfinyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxyimino, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)- C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkenyloxyimino) -C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkynyloxyimino)- C1-C8-alkyl, a (benzyloxyimino)- C1-C8-alkyl, tri(C1-C8-alkyl)silyl, tri(C1-C8-alkyl)silyl- C1-C8-alkyl, phenyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, benzyloxy that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, benzylthio that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, benzylamino that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, naphthyl that can be substituted by up to 6 groups Q, phenoxy that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, phenylamino that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, phenylthio that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, phenylmethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, pyridinyl that can be substituted by up to four groups Q and pyridinyloxy that can be substituted by up to four groups Q, phenoxymethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
two substituents Z3 or Z7 together with the consecutive carbon atoms to which they are linked can form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or non-saturated, carbo- or hetero-cycle, that can be substituted by up to four groups Q that can be the same or different;
p is 1, 2, or 3;
R34 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C1-C5-alkyl, C3-C5-cycloalkyl, C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C5-alkoxy, C2-C5-alkynyloxy, and C1-C5halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
R35 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C1-C5-alkyl, a cyano, C1-C5-alkoxy, C1-C5-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C5-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, amino, C1-C5alkylamino, and di(C1-C5-alkyl)amino;
R36 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and C1-C5-alkyl;
Ra and Rb are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8-alkynyl, C2- C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, phenyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, naphthyl that can be substituted by up to 6 groups Q, phenylmethylene that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, and phenylsulfonyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
Z4 and Z5 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano, nitro, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8-alkynyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1C8-alkyl, C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8halogenoalkylsulfanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfinyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, and C1-C8halogenoalkylsulfonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different;
Z6 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8-alkynyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-halogenocycloalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8halogenoalkylcarbonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfonyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, phenylsulfonyl can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q, and benzyl that can be substituted by up to 5 groups Q;
each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, cyano, nitro, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8halogenoalkylsulfanyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, tri(C1-C8)alkylsilyl and tri(C1-C8)alkylsilyl-C1-C8-alkyl; and any salt, N-oxide, or optically active or geometric isomer thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R÷is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5-alkyl and C1-C5-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; R35 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a fluorine atom, and R36 is methyl.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein T is O or S.

4. The compound of claim 3 wherein T is O.

5. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z1 is a cyclopropyl.

6. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z1 is a non-substituted cyclopropyl.

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z2 is a hydrogen atom.

8. The compound of claim 1 wherein L1 is CZ4Z5.

9. The compound of claim 1 wherein L2 is CZ4Z5 and m is 1 or 2.

10. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z3 and Z7 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different; C1-C8-alkoxyl; and C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.

11. A fungicide composition comprising, as an active ingredient, an effective amount of the compound of claim 1 and an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier or filler.

12. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of crops comprising applying an agronomically effective and substantially non-phytotoxic quantity of the compound of claim 1 to the soil where plants grow or are capable of growing; to the leaves and/or the fruit of plants or to the seeds of plants.

13. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of crops comprising applying an agronomically effective and substantially non-phytotoxic quantity of the composition of claim 11 to the soil where plants grow or are capable of growing, to the leaves and/or the fruit of plants or to the seeds of plants.

14. A compound of the formula:

15. A fungicide composition comprising, as an active ingredient, an effective amount of the compound of claim 14 and an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier or filler.

16. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of crops comprising applying an agronomically effective and substantially non-phytotoxic quantity of the compound of claim 14 to the soil where plants grow or are capable of growing; to the leaves and/or the fruit of plants or to the seeds of plants.

17. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of crops comprising applying an agronomically effective and substantially non-phytotoxic quantity of the composition of claim 15 to the soil where plants grow or are capable of growing, to the leaves and/or the fruit of plants or to the seeds of plants.