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https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/wildland-urban-interface-fire-73305/hazard-mitigation-methodology-22

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Engineering LaboratoryFire Research Division

## Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Group

-  HAZARD MITIGATION METHODOLOGY (HMM)  Expand or Collapse    -  Why Implement HMM in your Community?  Expand or Collapse      -  Exposures During WUI Fires 
    -  HMM vs Traditional Hazard Mitigation 
    -  WUI Definitions 
    -  Structure Survivability in the WUI 
    -  Community Survivability in the WUI 
    -  Paths forward: Implementing HMM 
    -  Communities already implementing HMM 
  -  How Fire Spreads in the WUI  Expand or Collapse      -  How do Structures Survive WUI Fires? 
    -  Fire Spread Pathways 
    -  Why Exposure Matters, not Parcel Boundary 
    -  Hazard from Fuel Agglomeration 
    -  Community-scale WUI Fire Hazards 
  -  Community-Wide Structure- and Parcel-Level Hardening Actions  Expand or Collapse      -  How Density Impacts Community 
    -  Workflow for HMM Hardening Actions 
    -  Structure Hardening for Embers 
    -  Parcel Hardening for Fire: the Three R’s 
    -  Surrounding Parcel Hazard Mitigation 
    -  Primary Parcel Hazard Mitigation 
    -  Structure Hardening for Fire 
    -  Communities Hardening Actions 
  -  Hardening Actions: Construction Guidance 
  -  Contacts 

# Parcel Hardening for Fire: the Three R’s

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Prevent structure and property ignitions with the 3 R’s:*R*emove, *R*educe, and *R*elocate fuel.

The preferred mitigation action is to reduce exposures as much as possible. This approach is
                  - technically effective (less exposure is less hazard), and
                  - more cost effective than exterior structure hardening for flame exposures.

Residents have significant control over the fuels located within their parcel. Exposure reduction can be done through three approaches.

**The 3 R’s:**
                  - *R*emove  fuels completely from the property (most effective) (e.g., no firewood on property)
                  - *R*educe  fuel by decreasing the amount, or replacing items with non-combustible alternatives (e.g., less firewood, smaller storage shed)
                  - *R*elocate  fuel further away from homes and structures (e.g., move firewood or storage shed)

If these approaches are not possible, hardening the structure for fire will likely be necessary. Hardening increases the likelihood of structure survivability but may not be as effective as hazard removal and is the least desirable option. Also, hardening is typically the most expensive option.

Fuel removal may be necessary, particularly in high density communities

-  **‹** Structure Hardening for Embers 
-  Surrounding Parcel Hazard Mitigation **›** 

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