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https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/wildland-urban-interface-fire-73305/hazard-mitigation-methodology-26

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Engineering LaboratoryFire Research Division

## Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Group

-  HAZARD MITIGATION METHODOLOGY (HMM)  Expand or Collapse    -  Why Implement HMM in your Community?  Expand or Collapse      -  Exposures During WUI Fires 
    -  HMM vs Traditional Hazard Mitigation 
    -  WUI Definitions 
    -  Structure Survivability in the WUI 
    -  Community Survivability in the WUI 
    -  Paths forward: Implementing HMM 
    -  Communities already implementing HMM 
  -  How Fire Spreads in the WUI  Expand or Collapse      -  How do Structures Survive WUI Fires? 
    -  Fire Spread Pathways 
    -  Why Exposure Matters, not Parcel Boundary 
    -  Hazard from Fuel Agglomeration 
    -  Community-scale WUI Fire Hazards 
  -  Community-Wide Structure- and Parcel-Level Hardening Actions  Expand or Collapse      -  How Density Impacts Community 
    -  Workflow for HMM Hardening Actions 
    -  Structure Hardening for Embers 
    -  Parcel Hardening for Fire: the Three R’s 
    -  Surrounding Parcel Hazard Mitigation 
    -  Primary Parcel Hazard Mitigation 
    -  Structure Hardening for Fire 
    -  Communities Hardening Actions 
  -  Hardening Actions: Construction Guidance 
  -  Contacts 

# Communities Hardening Actions

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Protecting the community does not need to be expensive.
                  - Many of the protective actions are relatively inexpensive:	                     - Ember protection ( Table A ): two-thirds (66 %) of the actions are least expensive ($)  		Always fully protect structures and property from embers.
                    - Fire protection ( Table C ): three-fourths (75 %) of the actions are least expensive ($)
                  - HMM aims to minimize costs by prioritizing the 3  **R** ’s —  **R** emove,  **R** educe,  **R** elocate — before spending money on structure and property protection.
                  - HMM only suggests spending money on structure fire protection when there is substantial value added. When the anticipated fire exposure is too severe, HMM does not recommend retrofitting exterior walls because the hardening is unlikely to be effective at preventing structure-to-structure ignition.  Illustration  

-  **‹** Structure Hardening for Fire 
-  Hardening Actions: Construction Guidance **›** 

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