Exhibit 4.4.2 


 


CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.,


Issuer 


 


AND 


 


[TRUSTEE], 


Trustee 


  


 



 


 INDENTURE 


 


Dated as of [—],
20[—] 


 


 



 


 Subordinated Debt Securities 





 


 



 




    	 



    	 



    

 


Table of Contents (1)





  





	 	Page
	ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS	5
	 	 	 
	Section 1.01	 	Definitions of Terms	5
	 	 
	ARTICLE 2 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES	5
	 	 	 
	Section 2.01	 	Designation and Terms of Securities	8
	Section 2.02	 	Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate	8
	Section 2.03	 	Denominations: Provisions for Payment	10
	Section 2.04	 	Execution and Authentications	10
	Section 2.05	 	Registration of Transfer and Exchange	11
	Section 2.06	 	Temporary Securities	12
	Section 2.07	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities	12
	Section 2.08	 	Cancellation	13
	Section 2.09	 	Benefits of Indenture	13
	Section 2.10	 	Authenticating Agent	13
	Section 2.11	 	Global Securities	13
	 	 
	ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS	14
	 	 	 
	Section 3.01	 	Redemption	14
	Section 3.02	 	Notice of Redemption	14
	Section 3.03	 	Payment Upon Redemption	15
	Section 3.04	 	Sinking Fund	15
	Section 3.05	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	15
	Section 3.06	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	15
	 	 
	ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS	16
	 	 	 
	Section 4.01	 	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest	16
	Section 4.02	 	Maintenance of Office or Agency	16
	Section 4.03	 	Paying Agents	16
	Section 4.04	 	Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee	17
	Section 4.05	 	Compliance with Consolidation Provisions	17
	 	 
	ARTICLE 5 SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE	17
	 	 	 
	Section 5.01	 	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders	17
	Section 5.02	 	Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders	17
	Section 5.03	 	Reports by the Company	18
	Section 5.04	 	Reports by the Trustee	18
	 	 
	ARTICLE 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT	18
	 	 	 
	Section 6.01	 	Events of Default	18
	Section 6.02	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	19
	Section 6.03	 	Application of Moneys Collected	20
	Section 6.04	 	Limitation on Suits	20
	Section 6.05	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver	21
	Section 6.06	 	Control by Securityholders	21
	Section 6.07	 	Undertaking to Pay Costs	21



 








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	ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE	22
	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.01	 	Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee	22
	Section 7.02	 	Certain Rights of Trustee	23
	Section 7.03	 	Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities	24
	Section 7.04	 	May Hold Securities	24
	Section 7.05	 	Moneys Held in Trust	24
	Section 7.06	 	Compensation and Reimbursement	24
	Section 7.07	 	Reliance on Officer’s Certificate	24
	 	 	 
	Section 7.08	 	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	24
	Section 7.09	 	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	24
	Section 7.10	 	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	25
	Section 7.11	 	Acceptance of Appointment By Successor	25
	Section 7.12	 	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	26
	Section 7.13	 	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company	26
	Section 7.14	 	Notice of Default	27
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS	27
	 	 	 
	Section 8.01	 	Evidence of Action by Securityholders	27
	Section 8.02	 	Proof of Execution by Securityholders	27
	Section 8.03	 	Who May be Deemed Owners	27
	Section 8.04	 	Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded	28
	Section 8.05	 	Actions Binding on Future Securityholders	28
	 	 
	ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	28
	 	 	 
	Section 9.01	 	Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders	28
	Section 9.02	 	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders	29
	Section 9.03	 	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	29
	Section 9.04	 	Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures	29
	Section 9.05	 	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	29
	 	 
	ARTICLE 10 SUCCESSOR ENTITY	30
	 	 	 
	Section 10.01	 	Company May Consolidate, Etc.	30
	Section 10.02	 	Successor Entity Substituted	30
	 	 
	ARTICLE 11 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	31
	 	 	 
	Section 11.01	 	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	31
	Section 11.02	 	Discharge of Obligations	31
	Section 11.03	 	Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust	31
	Section 11.04	 	Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents	31
	Section 11.05	 	Repayment to Company	32
	 	 
	ARTICLE 12 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS	32
	 	 	 
	Section 12.01	 	No Recourse	32
	 	 
	ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS	32
	 	 	 
	Section 13.01	 	Effect on Successors and Assigns	32
	Section 13.02	 	Actions by Successor	32
	Section 13.03	 	Surrender of Company Powers	32
	Section 13.04	 	Notices	32
	Section 13.05	 	Governing Law	33
	Section 13.06	 	Treatment of Securities as Debt	33
	Section 13.07	 	Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent	33













 




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	Section 13.08	 	Payments on Business Days	33
	Section 13.09	 	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	33
	Section 13.10	 	Counterparts	33
	Section 13.11	 	Separability	33
	Section 13.12	 	Compliance Certificates	34
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 14 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES	 
	 	 	 	 
	Section 14.01	 	Subordination Terms	34










 


	(1)	This Table of Contents does not constitute part of this Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.



 




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INDENTURE 


 




INDENTURE, dated as of [—],
20[—] (this “Indenture”), by and between CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS,
INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the “Trustee”):


 


WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes,
the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of subordinated debt securities
(hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to
time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the
certificate of the Trustee;


 


WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions
upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this
Indenture; and


 


WHEREAS, all things necessary to make
this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of
the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the
equal and ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities:


 


ARTICLE 1 


 


DEFINITIONS 


 


Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms. 


 


The terms defined in this Section (except
as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this
Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except
as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have
the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution
of this instrument.


 


“Authenticating Agent”
means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section
2.10.


 


“Bankruptcy Law”
means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.


 


“Board of Directors”
means the Board of Directors (or the functional equivalent thereof) of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.


 


“Board Resolution”
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the
Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.


 


“Business Day” means,
with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by
law, executive order or regulation to close.


 


“Certificate” means
a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.


 


“Commission” means
the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture
Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.


 




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“Company” means
China Automotive Systems, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject
to the provisions of Article 10, shall also include its successors and assigns.


 


“Corporate Trust Office”
means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered,
which office at the date hereof is located at.


 


“Custodian” means
any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


“Defaulted Interest”
has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03.


 


“Depositary” means,
with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global
Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section
2.01 or 2.11.


 


“Event of Default”
means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time,
if any, therein designated.


 


“Exchange Act” means
the United States Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission
thereunder.


 


“Global Security”
means a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities which is executed by the Company and authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with this Indenture,
which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.


 


“Governmental Obligations”
means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit
is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United
States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States
of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated
maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect
to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held
by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law)
such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any
amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest
on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.


 


“herein”, “hereof”
and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision.


 


“Indenture” means
this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established
as contemplated by Section 2.01.


 


“Interest Payment Date”,
when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security
or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.


 


“Officer” means,
with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial
officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer
or any assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.


 


“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if
and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.


 


“Opinion of Counsel”
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company,
that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for
in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.


 




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“Outstanding”, when
used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all
Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore
canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously
been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in
the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall
have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however,
that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption
shall have been given as provided in Article 3, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice;
and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant
to the terms of Section 2.07.


 


“Person” means any
individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality
thereof.


 


“Predecessor Security”
of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu
of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.


 


“Responsible Officer”
when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer of the Trustee assigned by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust
matters with respect to this Indenture (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes without limitation any supplemental indenture
hereto).


 


“Securities” has
the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.


 


“Securityholder”,
“holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the
Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security is registered on the Security Register kept for that purpose in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture.


 


“Security Register”
and “Security Registrar” shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.


 


“Subsidiary” means,
with respect to any Person:


 


(1) any corporation or company
a majority of whose capital stock with voting power, under ordinary circumstances, to elect directors is, at the date of determination,
directly or indirectly, owned by such Person (a “subsidiary”), by one or more subsidiaries of such Person or by such
Person and one or more subsidiaries of such Person;


 


(2) a partnership in which such
Person or a subsidiary of such Person is, at the date of determination, a general partner of such partnership; or


 


(3) any partnership, limited liability
company or other Person in which such Person, a subsidiary of such Person or such Person and one or more subsidiaries of such Person,
directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, have (x) at least a majority ownership interest or (y) the power to elect
or appoint or direct the election or appointment of the managing partner or member of such Person or, if applicable, a majority
of the directors or other governing body of such Person.


 


“Trustee” means
, and, subject to the provisions of Article 7, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more
than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee”
as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.


 


“Trust Indenture Act”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.





 




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ARTICLE 2 


 


ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES 


 


Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities.



 


(a) The aggregate principal
amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant
to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of
any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:


 


(1) the title of the Securities
of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);


 


(2) any limit upon the aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of that series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);


 


(3) the date or dates on
which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;


 


(4) if the price (expressed
as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such Securities will be issued is a price other than the principal
amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or
if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities that is convertible into another security or the method by
which any such portion shall be determined;


 


(5) the rate or rates at
which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;


 


(6) the date or dates from
which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination
of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest
is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;


 


(7) the right, if any, to
extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;


 


(8) the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, converted
or exchanged, in whole or in part;


 


(9) the obligation, if any,
of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous
provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof
and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the
series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;


 


(10) the form of the Securities
of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;


 


(11) if other than denominations
of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series
shall be issuable;


 


(12) any and all other terms
(including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security
for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent
with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable
under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;


 


(13) whether the Securities
of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms and conditions, if
any, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities; and the
Depositary for such Global Security or Securities;


 


(14) whether the Securities
will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities of the Company or any
other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including
the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at
the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange
period;


 




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(15) if other than the full
principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration
of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;


 


(16) any additional or alternative
events of default;


 


(17) additional or alternative
covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s
Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions
in respect of the capital stock of the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on
the Company’s Subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other
restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders
or affiliates; issue or sell stock of the Company’s Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants
(which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain
specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios) provided for with respect to
the Securities of the series;


 


(18) the currency or currencies,
including composite currencies, in which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities
shall be payable (if other than the currency of the United States of America), which unless otherwise specified shall be the currency
of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public or private debts;


 


(19) if the principal of
(and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such Securities is to be payable, at the election of the Company or any Holder thereof,
in a coin or currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be payable, then the period or periods within which,
and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made;


 


(20) whether interest will
be payable in cash or additional Securities at the Company’s or the Securityholders’ option and the terms and conditions
upon which the election may be made;


 


(21) the terms and conditions,
if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the
Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;


 


(22) additional or alternative
provisions, if any, related to defeasance and discharge of the offered Securities;


 


(23) the applicability of
any guarantees;


 


(24) any restrictions on
transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series;


 


(25) any other terms of
the series; and


 


(26) the subordination terms
of the Securities of the series.


 


All Securities of any one series shall be
substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental
hereto.


 


If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s
Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.


 


Securities of any particular series may be
issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different
rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such
interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.


 





Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee’s
Certificate. 


 


The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one
or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and
they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed
or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as
may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any
securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.


 




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Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for Payment.



 


The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section
2.01(a)(10). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect
to that series. Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any
premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States
of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for
that purpose. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the
basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.


 


The interest installment on any Security that
is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid
to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the
regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is
called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date
and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security
as provided in Section 3.03.


 


Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called
“Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date
by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in
clause (1) or clause (2) below:


 


(1) The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor
Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed
to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited
to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the
Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than
10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the
proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense
of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be
mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter
defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and
the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose
names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.


 


(2) The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given
by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable
by the Trustee.


 


Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof,
the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment
Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment
Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of
a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof
shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.


 


Subject to the foregoing provisions of this
Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security
of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.


 


Section 2.04 Execution and Authentications. 


 


The Securities shall be signed on behalf of
the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.


 



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The Company may use the facsimile signature
of any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations,
legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication
by the Trustee.


 


A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence
that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company
for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.


 


In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
if requested, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form
and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.


 


The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.


 


Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange.



 


(a) Securities of any series
may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for other Securities
of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor
the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing
numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.


 


(b) The Company shall keep,
or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security
Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities
and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the
Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed
as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).


 


Upon surrender for transfer of any Security
at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and
such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series
as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.


 


All Securities presented or surrendered for
exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security
Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.


 


(c) Except as provided
pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one
or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.06,
3.03(b) and 9.04 not involving any transfer.


 


(d) The Company shall not
be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business
15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series
and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities
of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed
in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.


 




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The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty
to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable
law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among depositary participants
or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation
or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine
the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.


 


Section 2.06 Temporary Securities. 


 


Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed
or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive
Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and
be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive
Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders),
at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency
shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series,
unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further
notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under
this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.


 


Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen
Securities. 


 


In case any temporary or definitive Security
shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and
upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same
series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu
of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall
furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and,
in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their
satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may
authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the
Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Trustee) connected therewith.


 


In case any Security that has matured or is
about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security,
pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant
for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless,
and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss
or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.


 


Every replacement Security issued pursuant
to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits
of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities
shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights
or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or
payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.


 







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Section 2.08 Cancellation. 


 


All Securities surrendered for the purpose
of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued
in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company
at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence
of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate
of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation.


 


Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture. 


 


Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
(and, with respect to the provisions of Article 14, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any
series are subordinated) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant,
condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties
hereto and of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article 14, the holders of any indebtedness
of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated).


 


Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent. 


 


So long as any of the Securities of any series
remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the
right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such
series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references
in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating
Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined
capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it
is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to
conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating
Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.


 


Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign
by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the
Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating
Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may
appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance
of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally
named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.


 


Section 2.11 Global Securities. 


 


(a) If the Company shall
establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver a Global Security that (i) shall
represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities
of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee
to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following
effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not
in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”


 


(b) Notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided
in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected
or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.


 




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(c) If at any time the
Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such
series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act,
or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90
days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section 2.11 shall
no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee
will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by
a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such
event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate evidencing
such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without
coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive
registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities
in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in
such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants
or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons
in whose names such Securities are so registered.


 


ARTICLE 3 


 


REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND
PROVISIONS 


 


Section 3.01 Redemption. 


 


The Company may redeem the Securities of any
series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section
2.01 hereof.


 


Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption. 


 


(a) In case the Company
shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance
with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the
Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage
prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that
series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified
in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have
been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the
holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect
the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any
redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities
or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance
with any such restriction.


 


Each such notice of redemption shall specify
the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that
payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, upon presentation
and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice,
that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case.
If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed
in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.


 


In case any Security is to be redeemed in
part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and
shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series
in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.


 


(b) If less than all the
Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice (unless a shorter
notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of
Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem
appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S.
dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000,
the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be
redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf
by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption
and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own
name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee
or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such
paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom,
sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this
Section.


 




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Section 3.03 Payment Upon Redemption. 


 


(a) If the giving of notice
of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed
specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption
price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities
shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption
price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities
on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed
at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but
if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to
the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).


 


(b) Upon presentation of
any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new
Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so
presented.


 


Section 3.04 Sinking Fund. 


 


The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and
3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.


 


The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,”
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as
an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.


 


Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments
with Securities. 


 


The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities
of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the
terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities
of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided
that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the
Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.


 


Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund. 


 


Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking
fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will
deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer’s Certificate,
deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02
and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Section 3.03.


 




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ARTICLE 4 


 


COVENANTS 


 


Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.



 


The Company will duly and punctually pay or
cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and
in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made
at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address
of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to,
a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior
to the relevant payment date. Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with
respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall
appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished
wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.


 


Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency. 


 


So long as any series of the Securities remain
Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency with respect to each such series and at such other location or
locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment,
(ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii)
notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served,
such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer
authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such
purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and
demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.


 


Section 4.03 Paying Agents. 


 


(a) If the Company shall
appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each
such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of this Section:


 


(1) that it will hold all
sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series
(whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto;


 


(2) that it will give the
Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;


 


(3) that it will, at any
time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the
Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and


 


(4) that it will perform
all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.


 


(b) If the Company shall
act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of
(and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that
series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee
of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall
have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium,
if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and
premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal,
premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action
or failure so to act.


 




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(c) Notwithstanding anything
in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions
of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such
paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by
the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such
paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.


 


Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office
of Trustee. 


 


The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or
fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at
all times be a Trustee hereunder.


 


Section 4.05 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.



 


The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such
transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article 10
hereof are complied with.


 


ARTICLE 5 


 


SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS
BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE 


 


Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and
Addresses of Securityholders. 


 


The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date,
provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ
in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may
request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of
a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need
be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.


 


Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information; Communications
With Securityholders. 


 


(a) The Trustee shall preserve,
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained
in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities
received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).


 


(b) The Trustee may destroy
any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.


 


(c) Securityholders may
communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under
this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations
under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 






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Section 5.03 Reports by the Company. 





 





(a) The Company covenants
and agrees to provide (which delivery may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee within 30 days, after the Company files the same
with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions
of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required
to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not
be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the
Commission; and provided further, that so long as such filings by the Company are available on the Commission’s Electronic
Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), or Interactive Data Electronic Applications (IDEA), or any successor system,
such filings shall be deemed to have been filed with the Trustee for purposes hereof without any further action required by the
Company; provided that an electronic link to such filing, together with an electronic notice of such filing have been sent to the
Trustee. For the avoidance of doubt, a failure by the Company to file annual reports, information and other reports with the SEC
within the time period prescribed thereof by the Commission shall not be deemed a breach of this Section 5.03.


 


(b) Delivery of reports,
information and documents to the Trustee under this Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the
Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable
from information contained therein including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which
the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer’s Certificate).


 


Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee. 


 


(a) If required by Section
313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within 60 days after each May 1, shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid,
to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of such May 1,
which complies with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


(b) The Trustee shall comply
with Sections 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


(c) A copy of each such
report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities
exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee
when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.


  


ARTICLE 6 


 


REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
ON EVENT OF DEFAULT 


 


Section 6.01 Events of Default. 


 


(a) Whenever used herein
with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events
that has occurred and is continuing:


 


(1) the Company defaults
in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due
and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment
period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment
of interest for this purpose;


 


(2) the Company defaults
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become
due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or
analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities
in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or
premium, if any;


 


(3) the Company fails to
observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise
established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that
has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that
such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered
or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that
series at the time Outstanding;


 


(4) the Company pursuant
to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief
against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its
property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or


 


(5) a court of competent
jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints
a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the
order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.




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(b) In each and every such
case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of
that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if
given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the
Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately
due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid
interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other
act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.


 


(c) At any time after the
principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared
due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter
provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder,
by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if (i) the Company
has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of
that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise
than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable
under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to
the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default
under this Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued
and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived
as provided in Section 6.06.


 


No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


(d) In case the Trustee
shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall
have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined
adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee
shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company
and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.


 


Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits
for Enforcement by Trustee. 


 


(a) The Company covenants
that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or in any
payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become
due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment
of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable,
whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the
Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount
that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both,
as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest
is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of
that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.


 


(b) If the Company shall
fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be
entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid,
and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree
against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable
in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series,
wherever situated.


 




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(c) In case of any receivership,
insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the
Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein
that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim
and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of
Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under this Indenture at the date of institution
of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect
and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction
of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization
is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event
that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount
due it under Section 7.06.


 


(d) All rights of action
and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series,
may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other
proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee
of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section
7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.


 


In case of an Event of Default hereunder,
the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate
judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity
or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or
in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee
by this Indenture or by law.


 


Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to
authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.


 


Section 6.03 Application of Moneys Collected. 


 


Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant
to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates
fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:


 


FIRST: To the payment of all indebtedness
of the Company to which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Section 7.06 and any subordination
terms of the series specified as contemplated by Article 14;


 


SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then
due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the
benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due
and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and


 


THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if
any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.


 


Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits. 


 


No holder of any Security of any series shall
have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity
or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance
thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders
of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request
upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall
have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding; and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.


 




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Notwithstanding anything contained herein
to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in
such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and
by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security
of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series
shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or
prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference
to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal,
ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of
this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in
equity.


 


Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay
or Omission Not Waiver. 


 


(a) Except as otherwise
provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the
extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the
holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and
agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.


 


(b) No delay or omission
of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring
and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an
acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to
the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee
or by the Securityholders.


 


Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders. 


 


The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right
to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust
or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict
with any rule of law or with this Indenture or subject the Trustee in its sole discretion to personal liability. Subject to the
provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s
duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders
not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the
time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities
of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section
2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any,
or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise
than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal
and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered
thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities
of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend
to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs. 


 


All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any
party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder,
or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or
to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.


 




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ARTICLE 7 


 


CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE 


 


Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities
of Trustee. 


 


(a) The Trustee, prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default
with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities
of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall
be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred
(that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and
powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise
or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.


 


(b) No provision of this
Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act,
or its own willful misconduct, except that:


 


(i) prior to the occurrence
of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default
with respect to that series that may have occurred:


 


(A) the duties and obligations
of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture,
and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and
obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee; and


 


(B) in the absence of bad
faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth
of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee
and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision
hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine
whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;


 


(ii) the Trustee shall not
be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless
it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;


 


(iii) the Trustee shall
not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the
holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and


 


(iv) none of the provisions
contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing
that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity
against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.


 


Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee. 


 


Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:


 


(a) The Trustee may rely
and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report,
notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been
signed or presented by the proper party or parties;


 


(b) Any request, direction,
order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in
the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed
herein);


 


(c) The Trustee may consult
with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;


 




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(d) The Trustee shall be
under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of
any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the
Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing
contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect
to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of
the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent
man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;


 


(e) The Trustee shall not
be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion
or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;


 


(f) The Trustee shall not
be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so
to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected
thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee
of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the
Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require
reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every
such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;


 


(g) The Trustee may execute
any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and
the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care
by it hereunder;


 


(h) In no event shall the
Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused
by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts
of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or
malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall
use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable
under the circumstances;


 


(i) In no event shall the
Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but
not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and
regardless of the form of action; and


 


(j) The Trustee agrees
to accept and act upon instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission or
other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that (a) the party providing such written instructions, subsequent
to such transmission of written instructions, shall provide the originally executed instructions or directions to the Trustee in
a timely manner, and (b) such originally executed instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized representative of
the party providing such instructions or directions. If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions (or
instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee’s
understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses
arising directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such
instructions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees
to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including
without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third
parties.


 


In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed
to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default until the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set
forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge.


 


Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals
or Issuance or Securities. 


 


(a) The recitals contained
herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the
correctness of the same.


 


(b) The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.


 





(c) The Trustee shall not
be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for
the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established
pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.



 




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Section 7.04 May Hold Securities. 


 


The Trustee or any paying agent or Security
Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.


 


Section 7.05 Moneys Held in Trust. 


 


Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05,
all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which
they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.


 


Section 7.06 Compensation and Reimbursement. 


 


(a) The Company covenants
and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited
by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from
time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise
and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the
Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or
made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses
and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance
as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The
Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of
or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending
itself against any claim of liability in the premises.


 


(b) The obligations of
the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such additional
indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee
as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.


 


Section 7.07 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate.



 


Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless
other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee
and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee
for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.


 


Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.



 


If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting
interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects
comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.



 


There shall at all times be a Trustee with
respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws
of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person
permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal,
state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.




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If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to
be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor
may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.


 


Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment
of Successor. 


 


(a) The Trustee or any
successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice
thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of
such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company
shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed
by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the
successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the
mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide
holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper
and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.


 


(b) In case at any time
any one of the following shall occur:


 


(i) the Trustee shall fail
to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been
a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or


 


(ii) the Trustee shall cease
to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the
Company or by any such Securityholder; or


 


(iii) the Trustee shall
become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver
of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the
Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one
copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six
months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper
and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.


 


(c) The holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect
to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent
of the Company.


 


(d) Any resignation or
removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the
provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section
7.11.


 


(e) Any successor trustee
appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series,
and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.


 


Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.



 


(a) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge
and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company
or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring
to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver
to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.


 




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(b) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture
supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as
shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee
is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of
this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same
trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder
administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any
other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring
Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights
and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor
trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates;
but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.


 


(c) Upon request of any
such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming
to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may
be.


 


(d) No successor trustee
shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.


 


(e) Upon acceptance of
appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee
hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor
trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.


 


Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or
Succession to Business. 


 


Any corporation into which the Trustee may
be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation
to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, including
the administration of the trust created by this Indenture, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such
corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.09, without
the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities
so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.


 


Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against
the Company. 


 


The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee
who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.


 




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Section 7.14 Notice of Default. 


 


If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing
and if such Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in
the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Event of Default within the earlier
of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or written notice of it is received
by the Trustee, unless such Event of Default has been cured; provided, however , that, except in the case of a default in the payment
of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice
if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers
of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.


 


ARTICLE 8 


 


CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS 


 


Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders.



 


Whenever in this Indenture it is provided
that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may
take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any
other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that
series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders
of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.


 


If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders
of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall
have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on
the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite
proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed
as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record
date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six
months after the record date.


 


Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders.



 


Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01,
proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and
proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:


 


(a) The fact and date of
the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.


 


(b) The ownership of Securities
shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.


 


The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.


 


Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners. 


 


Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person
in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the
Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to
Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent
nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.


 




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Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company
Disregarded. 


 


In determining whether the holders of the
requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under
this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series
or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor
on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination,
except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or
waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so
owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall
establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee
is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company
or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel
shall be full protection to the Trustee.


 


Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.



 


At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing
to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder
of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented
to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such
action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive
and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor,
on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made
upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company,
the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.


  


ARTICLE 9 


 


SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 


 


Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without the
Consent of Securityholders. 


 


In addition to any supplemental indenture
otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture
or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without
the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:


 


(a) to cure any ambiguity,
defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;


 


(b) to comply with Article
10;


 


(c) to provide for uncertificated
Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;


 


(d) to add to the covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities
(and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions,
conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;


 


(e) to add to, delete from,
or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication,
and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;


 


(f) to make any change
that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;


 


(g) to provide for the
issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish
the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or
to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;


 


(h) to evidence and provide
for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or


 


(i) to comply with any
requirements of the Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture
Act.


 




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The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with
the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations
that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects
the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.


 


Any supplemental indenture authorized by the
provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities
at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.


 


Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With Consent
of Securityholders. 


 


With the consent (evidenced as provided in
Section 8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected
by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the
Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to
the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner
or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered
by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such
supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend
the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time
of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage
of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.


 


It shall not be necessary for the consent
of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.


 


Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 


 


Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed
to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities
under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter
be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms
and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture
for any and all purposes.


 


Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental
Indentures. 


 


Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article
or of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities
exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification
of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and
delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.


 


Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.



 


Upon the request of the Company, accompanied
by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of
evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in
the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties
or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to
enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, shall receive an Officer’s
Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is
authorized or permitted by the terms of this Article and that all conditions precedent to the execution of the supplemental indenture
have been complied with; provided, however, that such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in
connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section
2.01 hereof.


 




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Promptly after the execution by the Company
and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company shall (or shall direct the
Trustee to) transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental
indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
Any failure of the Company to mail, or cause the mailing of, such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way
impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.


 


 ARTICLE 10 


 


SUCCESSOR ENTITY 


 


Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc. 


 


Nothing contained in this Indenture shall
prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or
successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall
prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an
entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor
or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, (a) the Company hereby covenants and agrees that,
upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities
of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance
of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform
to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered
to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which
shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into
or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture,
make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion
or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or
other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion
or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.


 


Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted. 


 


(a) In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental
indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section
10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company
with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved
of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


(b) In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance)
may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.


 


(c) Nothing contained in
this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where
the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part
of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).


 




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ARTICLE 11 


 


SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 


 


Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.



 


If at any time: (a) the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or
paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited
in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided
in Section 11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption
within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit
or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination
thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect
to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the
date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter,
and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.


 


Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations. 


 


If at any time all such Securities of a particular
series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section
11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental
Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case
may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease
to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that
shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.


 


Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall
survive.


 


Section 11.03 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.



 


All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly
or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of
Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.


 


Section 11.04 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.



 


In connection with the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall,
upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability
with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.


 






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Section 11.05 Repayment to Company. 


 








Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively
become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall
be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter,
as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.


 


ARTICLE 12 


 


IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 


 


Section 12.01 No Recourse. 


 


No recourse under or upon any obligation,
covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall
be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor
or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue
of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly
understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal
liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such,
of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity
or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants
or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released
as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.


 


ARTICLE 13 


 


MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 


 


Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns. 


 


All the covenants, stipulations, promises
and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed
or not.


 


Section 13.02 Actions by Successor. 


 


Any act or proceeding by any provision of
this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be
done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at
the time be the lawful successor of the Company.


 


Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers. 


 


The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and
thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.


 


Section 13.04 Notices. 


 


Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the
Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or
served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company
with the Trustee), as follows: China Automotive Systems, Inc., No. 1 Henglong Road, Yu Qiao Development Zone, Shashi District,
Jing Zhou City, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. Any notice, election, request
or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be
deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee.


 




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Section 13.05 Governing Law. 


 


This Indenture and each Security shall be
deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance
with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.


 


Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt. 


 


It is intended that the Securities will be
treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted
to further this intention.


 


Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions
Precedent. 


 


(a) Upon any application
or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than
the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if requested,
an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any
provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.


 


(b) Each certificate or
opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in
this Indenture shall include: (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
(ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained
in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or
investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition
has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has
been complied with.


  


Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days. 


 


Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01
pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue
for the period after such nominal date.


 


Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.



 


If and to the extent that any provision of
this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture
Act, such imposed duties shall control.


 


Section 13.10 Counterparts. 


 


This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.


 


Section 13.11 Separability. 


 


In case any one or more of the provisions
contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable
in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such
Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision
had never been contained herein or therein.


 




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Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates. 


 


The Company shall deliver to the Trustee,
within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an officer’s
certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate
shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer
of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this
Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section
13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.
If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such an Event of Default, the certificate shall describe
any such Event of Default and its status.


 


ARTICLE 14 


 


SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 


 


Section 14.01 Subordination Terms. 


 


The payment by the Company of the principal
of, premium, if any, and interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to the extent set forth in
an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such series.


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto
have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.


 





	 	CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	By:	 	 
	 	Name:	 	 
	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 
	 	[TRUSTEE], as Trustee	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	By:	 	 
	 	Name:	 	 
	 	Title:	 	 







 


 




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CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)


 


	Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended	 	Section of

Indenture
	310(a)	 	7.09
	310(b)	 	7.08 
	 	 	7.10
	310(c)	 	Inapplicable
	311(a)	 	7.13
	311(b)	 	7.13
	311(c)	 	Inapplicable
	312(a)	 	5.01 
	 	 	5.02(a)
	312(b)	 	5.02(c)
	312(c)	 	5.02(c)
	313(a)	 	5.04(a)
	313(b)	 	5.04(b)
	313(c)	 	5.04(a) 
	 	 	5.04(b)
	313(d)	 	5.04(c)
	314(a)	 	5.03 
	 	 	13.12
	314(b)	 	Inapplicable
	314(c)	 	13.07(a)
	314(d)	 	Inapplicable
	314(e)	 	13.07(b)
	314(f)	 	Inapplicable
	315(a)	 	7.01(a) 
	 	 	7.01(b)
	315(b)	 	7.14
	315(c)	 	7.01
	315(d)	 	7.01(b)
	315(e)	 	6.07
	316(a)	 	6.06 
	 	 	8.04
	316(b)	 	6.04
	316(c)	 	8.01
	317(a)	 	6.02
	317(b)	 	4.03
	318(a)	 	13.09
	 	 	 


 



	(1)	This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of this Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.


 




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