Table of Contents

Teaching and Learning The Metric System

Unit 1

- Suggested Teaching Sequence

- Objectives

- Rules of Notation

- Metric Units, Symbols, and Referents

- Metric Prefixes

- Linear Measurement Activities

- Area Measurement Activities

- Volume Measurement Activities

- Mass (Weight) Measurement Activities

- Temperature Measurement Activities

1

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

5 

7 

9 

11

Unit 2

- Objectives

- Suggested Teaching Sequence

- Metrics in this Occupation

- Metric Units For Welding

- Trying Out Metric Units

- Welding With Metrics

12

12

12

12

13

14

15

Unit 3

- Objective

- Suggested Teaching Sequence

- Metric-Metric Equivalents

- Changing Units at Work

16

16

16

16

18

Unit 4

- Objective

- Suggested Teaching Sequence

- Selecting and Using Metric Instruments, Tools and Devices

- Which Tools for the Job?

- Measuring Up in Welding

19

19

19

19

20

20

Unit 5

- Objective

- Suggested Teaching Sequence

- Metric-Customary Equivalents

- Conversion Tables

- Any Way You Want It

21

21

21

21

22

23

Testing Metric Abilities 24

Answers to Exercises and Test 25

Tools and Devices List

References

TEACHING AND LEARNING 

THE METRIC SYSTEM 

This metric instructional package was designed to meet job-related 

metric measurem~nt needs of students. To use this package students 

should already know the occupational terminology, measurement 

terms, and tools currently in use. These materials were prepared with 

the help of experienced vocational teachers, reviewed by experts, tested 

. in classrooms in different parts of the United States, and revised before 

distribution. 

Each of the five units of instruction contains performance objectives, learning activities, and supporting information in the form of 

text, exercises, and tables. In addition, suggested teaching techniques 

are included. At the back of this package are objective-based evaluation 

items, a page of answers to the exercises and tests, a list of m.etric 

materials needed for the activities, references, and a list of suppliers. 

Classroom experiences with this instructional package suggest the 

following teaching-learning strategies: 

1. Let the first experiences be informal to make learning the metric 

system fun. 

2. Students learn better when metric units are compared to.familiar 

objects. Everyone should learn to "think metric." Comparing 

metric units to customary units can be confusing. 

3. Students will learn quickly to estimate and measure in metric units 

by "doing." 

4. Students should have experience with measuring activities before 

getting too much information. 

5. Move through the units in an order which emphasizes the simplicity of the metric system (e.g., length to area to volume). 

6. Teach one concept at a time to avoid overwhelming students with 

too much material. 

Unit 1 is a general introduction to the metric system of measurement which provides informal, hands-on experiences. for the students. 

This unit enables students to become familiar with the basic metric 

units, their symbols, and measurement instruments; and to develop a 

set of mental references for metric values. The metric system of notation also is explained. 

Unit 2 provides the metric terms which are used in this occupation 

and gives experience with occupational measurement tasks. 

Unit 3 focuses on job-related metric equivalents and their relationships . 

Unit 4 provides experience with recogmzmg and using metric 

instruments and tools in occupational measurement tasks. It also provides experience in comparing metric and customary measurement instruments. 

Unit 5. is designed to give students practice in converting customary and metric measurements. Students should learn to "think metric" 

and avoid comparing customary and metric units. However, skill with 

conversion tables will be useful during the transition to metric in each 

occupation. 

Using These · Instructional Materials 

This package was designed to help students learn a core of knowledge about the metric system which they will use on the job. The 

exercises facilitate experiences with measurement instruments, tools, 

and devices used in this occupation and job-related tasks of ~stimating 

and measuring. 

This instructional package also was designed to accommodate a 

variety of individual teaching and learning styles. Teachers are encouraged to adapt these materials to their own classes. For example, the 

information sheets may be given to students for self-study. References 

may be used as supplemental resources. Exercises may be used in independent study, small groups, or whole-class activities. All of the 

materials can be expanded by the teacher. 

Gloria S Cooper 

Joel H. :\lagisos 

Editors 

This publication was developed pursuant to contract No. OEC-0-74-9335 with the 

Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education, U .S. Department of Health. Education and Welfare. However, the opinions expressed herein do not nec~ssarily 

reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Office of Education and no official 

endorsement by the U.S Office of Education should be inferred. 
1. 

UNIT 1 

SUGGESTED TEACillNG SEQUENCE 

These introductory exercises may require 

two or three teaching periods for all five 

areas of measurement. 

2. Exercises should be followed in the order 

given to best show the relationship 

between length, area, and volume. 

3. Assemble the metric measuring devices 

(rules, tapes, scales, thermometers, and 

measuring containers) and objects to be 

measured.* 

4. Set up the equipment at work stations 

for use by the whole class or as individualized resource activities. 

5. Have the students estimate, measure, and 

record using Exercises 1 through 5. 

6. Present information on notation and 

make Table 1 available. 

7. Follow up with group discussion of 

activities. 

•Other school departments may have devices which 

can be used. Metric suppliers are listed in the reference 

section. 

OBJECTIVES 

The student will demonstrate these skills for the Linear, Area, Volume or Capacity, Mass, and 

Temperature Exercises, using the metric terms and measurement devices listed here. 

SKILLS 

1. Recoenize and use the 

unit and ita symbol for: 

2. Select, uae, and read the 

appropriate meaourine 

illltrUmenta for: 

3. State or show a 

physical reference for: 

4. Eotimate within 25% 

of the actual mnsure 

5. Read correctly 

Linear 

(pp. 3 · 4) 

millimetre (mm) 

centimetre (em) 

metre (m) 

heieht. width, or 

leneth or· objects 

metre stick, metric 

tape measure, and 

metric rulen 

RULES OF NOTATION 

EXERCISES 

Area Volume or Capacity 

(pp . . 5 . 6) (pp. 7 . 8) 

square 

centimetre 

(cm2) 

square 

metre 

(m2) 

the area of 

a pven ourface 

cubic centi· 

metre (cm3 ) 

litre (I) 

millilitre (ml) 

capacity or 

containers 

measurements 

on eraduated 

Yolumemeaour· 

incdeYiceo 

Mau 

(pp.9 · 10) 

eram (g) 

kiloeram (ke) 

the mass or objects 

in eramo and kiloeramo 

a kiloeram scale 

and a eram scale 

(p.ll) 

the temperature or 

the air or a liquid 

A C..lsius thermometer 

1. Symbols are not capitalized unless the unit is a proper name (mmnot MM). 

2. Symbols are not followed by periods (m not m.). 

3. Symbols are not followed by an s for plurals (25 g not 25 gs). 

4. A space separates the numerals from the unit symbols (4 I not 41). 

5. Spaces, not commas, are used to separate large nunibers into groups of three 

digits ( 45 271 km not 45,271 km). 

6. A zero precedes .the decimal point if the number is less than one (0.52 g not .52 g). 

7. Litre and metre can be spelled either with an -re or -er ending. 

Information Sheet 1 

1 
2 

METRIC UNITS, SYMBOLS, AND REFERENTS METRIC PREFIXES 

Quantity Metric Unit Symbol Useful Referents Multiples and 

Prefixes Symbols Submultiples 

Length millimetre mm Thickness of dime or paper 

clip wire 

1 000 000 = 106 mega (meg'a ) M 

centimetre em Width of paper clip 1 000 = 103 kilo k~Uo) k 

metre m Height of door about 2 m 100 = 102 hecto (hek'to) h 

kilometre km 12-rninute walking distance 10 = 101 deka (dek'a ) da 

Area square Area of this space 

D centimetre cm2 

Base Unit 1 = 10° 

0.1=10-l deci ( des'i> d 

0.01 = 10 - 2 centi (sen'ti) c 

square metre m2 Area of card table top 0.001 = 10-3 rnilli ( nill'f) m 

hectare ha Football field including sidelines 

and end zones 0.000 001 = 10-6 .micro (mi'kro) Jl 

Volume and millilitre mi Teaspoon is 5 ml 

Capacity litre I A little more than 1 quart Table 1- b 

cubic 

centimetre cm3 Volume of this container 

co 

cubic metre m3 A little more than a cubic yard 

Mass milligram mg Apple seed about 10 mg, grain of 

salt, 1 mg 

gram g Nickel about 5 g 

kilogram kg Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 

metric ton 

( 1 000 kiloarams) t Volkswagen Beetle 

Table 1-a 
. LINEAR MEASUREMEN·T ACTIVITIES 

Metre, Centimetre, Millimetre 

I. THE METRE (m) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE SIZE OF A METRE 

1. Pick up one of the metre 

sticks and stand it up on the 

floor. Hold it in place with 

one hand. Walk around the 

stick. Now stand next to 

the stick. With yQur other 

hand, touch yourself where 

the top of the metre stick 

comes on you. 

THAT IS HOW HIGH A METRE IS! 

2. Hold one arm out straight 

at shoulder height. Put 

the metre stick along this 

arm until the end hits the 

end of your fingers. Where 

is the other end of the 

metre stick? Touch yourself at that end. 

THAT IS HOW LONG A METRE IS! 

3. Choose a partner to stand 

a:t your side. Move apart 

so that you can put one 

end of a metre stick on 

your partner's shoulder 

and the other end on 

your shoulder. Look at 

the space betwe~n you. 

THAT IS THE WIDTH OF A METRE! 

3 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN METRES 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Now you will improve your ability to estimate in metres. 

Remember where the length and height of a metre was on your 

body. 

For each of the following items: 

Estimate the size of the items and write your estimate in t~e 

ESTIMATE column. Measure the size with your metre stick 

and write the answer in the MEASUREMENT column. 

Decide how close your estimate was to the actual measure. If 

your estimate was within 25% of the actual measure you are a 

"Metric Marvel." 

Height of door knob 

from floor. 

Height of door. 

Length of table. 

Width of table. 

Length of wall of 

this room 

Distance from 

you to wall. 

Estimate 

(m) 

Measurement 

(m) 

How Close 

Were You? 

Exercise 1 

(continued on next page) 
4 

II. THE CENTIMETRE {em) 

There are 100 centimetres in one metre. If there are 4 metre~ and 

3 centimetres, you write 403 em [ ( 4 x 100 em) + 3 em = 400 em 

+ 3 em]. 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE SIZE OF A CENTIMETRE 

B. 

1. Hold the metric ruler against the width of your thumbnail. 

How wide is it? em 

2. Measure your thumb from the first joint to the end. 

em 

3. Use the metric ruler to find the width of your palm. 

em 

4. Measure your index or pointing finger. How long is it? 

em 

5. Measure your wrist with a tape measure. What is the distance 

around it? em 

6. Use the tape measure to find your waist size. ---- em 

DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN CENTIMETRES. 

You are now ready to estimate in centimetres. For each of the 

following items, follow the procedures used for estimating in 

metres. 

1. Length of a paper 

clip. 

2. Diameter (width) 

of a coin. 

3. Width of a 

postage stamp. 

4. Length of a 

pencil. 

5. Width of a sheet 

of paper. 

Estimate 

{em) 

Measurement 

{em) 

How Close 

Were You? 

III. THE MILLIMETRE {mm) 

There are 10 millimetres in one centimetre. When a measurement i~ 

2 centimetres and 5 millimetres, you write 25 mm [(2 x 10 mm) 

+ 5 mm = 20 mm + 5 mm] . There are 1 000 mm in 1 m . 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE SIZE OF. A l\ULLIMETRE 

Using a ruler marked in millimetres, measure: 

1. Thickness of a paper clip wire. mm 

2. Thickness of your fingernaiL mm 

3. Width of your fingernail. mm 

4. Diameter (width)of a coin. mm 

5. Diameter (thickness) of your pencil. mm 

6. Width of a postage stamp. mm 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN MILLIMETRES 

1. 

2: 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

You are now ready to estimate in millimetres. For each of the 

following items, follow the procedures used for estimating in 

metres. 

Thickness of a 

nickel. 

Diameter (thickness) 

of a bolt. 

Length of a bolt. 

Width of a sheet 

of paper. 

Thickness of a board 

or desk top. 

Thickness of a 

button. 

Estimate 

{mm) 

How Close 

Measurement Were You? 

(mm) 

Exercise 1 
AREA MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES 

Square Centimetre, Square Metre 

WHEN YOU DESCRIBE THE AREA OF SOMETHING, YOU ARE 

SAYING HOW MANY SQUARES OF A GIVEN SIZE ITT AKES TO 

COVER THE SURF ACE. 

I. THE SQUARE CENTIMETRE ( cm2 ) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A SQUARE CENTIMETRE 

1. Take a clear plastic grid, or use the grid on page 6. 

2. Measure the length and width of one of these small 

squares with a centimetre ruler. 

THAT IS ONE SQUARE CENTIMETRE! 

3. Place your fingernail over the grid. About how many 

squares does it take to cover your fingernail? 

___ cm2 

4. Place a coin over the grid. About how many squares 

does it take to cover the coin? cm2 

5. Place a postage stamp over the grid. About how many 

squares does it take to cover the postage stamp? ___ cm2 

6. Place an envelope over the grid. About how many 

squares does it take to cover the envelope? 

___ cm2 

7. Measure the length and width of the envelope in centimetres. Length em; width em. 

Multiply to find the area in square centimetres. 

____ em x em = cm2. How 

close are the answers you have in 6. and in 7.? 

caB CENT<A .... VOCATKINA'- EOUCATOON 

5 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN SQUARE 

CENTIMETRES 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

You are now ready to develop your ability to estimate 

in square centimetres. 

Remember the size of a square centimetre. For each of the 

following items, follow the procedures used for estimating in 

metres. 

Index card. 

Book cover. 

Photograph. 

Window pane or 

desk top. 

Estimate 

(cm2 ) 

How Close 

Were You? 

ll. THE SQUARE METRE (m2 ) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A SQUARE METRE 

1. Tape four metre sticks together to make a square which 

is one metre long and one metre wide. 

2. Hold the square up with one side on the floor to see how 

big it is. 

3. Place the square on the floor in a corner. Step back and 

look. See how much floor space it covers. 

4. Place the square over a table top or desk to see how 

much space it covers. 

5. Place the square against the bottom of a door. See how 

much of the door it covers. How many squares would it 

take to cover the door? m2 

THIS IS HOW BIG A SQUARE METRE IS! 

Exercise 2 

(continued on next page) 
6 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN SQUARE CENTIMETRE GRID 

METRES 

You are now ready to estimate in square metres. Follow the 

procedures used for estimating in metres. 

How Close 

Estimate :Measurement Were You? 

(m2) (m2) 

1. Door. 

2. Full sheet of 

newspaper. 

3. Chalkboard or 

bulletin board. 

4. Floor. 

5. Wall. 

6. Wall chart or poster. 

7. Side of file cabinet. 

Exercise 2 
VOLUME MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES 

Cubic Centimetre, Litre, Millilitre, Cubic Metre 

I. THE CUBIC CENTIMETRE ( cm3 ) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE CUBIC CENTIMETRE 

1. Pick up a colored plastic cube. Measure its length, 

height, and width in centimetres. 

THAT IS ONE CUBIC CENTIMETRE! 

2. Find the volume of a plastic litre box. 

a. Place a ROW of cubes against the bottom of one side 

of the box. How many cubes fit in the row? ___ _ 

b. Place another ROW of cubes against an adjoining side 

of the box. How many rows fit inside the box 

to make one layer of cubes?----

How many cubes in each row? ___ _ 

How many cubes in the layer in the bottom of the 

box? ___ _ 

c. Stand a ROW of cubes up against the side of the box. 

· How many LAYERS would fit in the box? ----

How many cubes in each layer?----

How many cubes fit in the box altogether?---... 

THE VOLUME OF THE BOX IS ___ CUBIC 

CENTIMETRES. 

d. :Measure the length, width, and height of the box in 

centimetres. Length em; width em; 

height em; Multiply these numbers to find 

·the volume in cubic centimetres. 

em x cmx em= cm3 • --- --- Are the answers the same in c. and d.? 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTUv1ATE IN CUBIC 

CENTIMETRES 

1. 

You are now ready to develop your ability to estimate 

in cubic centimetres. 

Remember the size of a cubic centimetre. For each of 

. the following items, use the procedures for estimating in 

metres. 

Index card file 

box. 

Measurement 

(cm3 ) 

How Close 

Were You? 

2. Freezer container. 

3. Paper clip box. 

4. Box of staples. 

II. THE LITRE (I) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A LITRE 

1. Take a one litre beaker and fill it with water. 

7 

2. Pour the water into paper cups, filling each as full as you 

usually do. How many cups do you fill? 

THAT IS HOW MUCH IS IN ONE LITRE! 

3. Fill the litre container with rice. 

THAT IS HOW MUCH IT TAKES. TO FILL A ONE 

LITRE CONTAINER! 

Exercise3 · (continued on next page) 
8 

m. 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTL\1ATE IN LITRES 

You are now ready to develop your ability to estimate in 

litres. To write two and one-half litres, you write 2.5 l, or 

2.5 litres. To write one~half litre, you write 0.51, or 0.5 

litre. To write two and three-fourths litres, you write 

2.75 I, or 2.75 litres. 

For each of the following items, use the procedures for 

estimating in metres. 

Estimate Measurement 

(I) (l) 

1. Medium-size 

freezer container. 

2. Large freezer 

container. 

3. Small freezer 

container. 

4. Bottle or jug. 

THE MILLILITRE (ml) 

How Close 

Were You? 

There are 1 000 millilitres in one litre. 1 000 ml = 1 litre. Half 

a litre is 500 millilitres, or 0.5 litre = 500 mi. 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A MILLILITRE 

1. Examine a centimetre cube. Anything which holds 

1 em 3 holds 1 ml. 

2. Fill a 1 millilitre measuring spoon with rice. Empty the 

spoon into your hand. Carefully pour the rice into a 

small pile on a sheet of paper. 

THAT IS HOW MUCH ONE MILLILITREIS! 

3. Fill the 5 ml spoon with rice. Pour the rice into another 

pile on the sheet of paper. 

THAT IS 5 ~llLLILITRES, OR ONE TEASPOON! 

4. Fill the 15 ml spoon with rice. Pour the rice into a third 

pile on the paper. 

THAT IS 15 MILLILITRES, OR ONE TABLESPOON! 

. ~NTEA FOR VOCATK>NAL '0UCATOON 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN MILLILITRES 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

You are now ready to estimate in millilitres. Follow the 

procedures used for estimating metres. 

Small juice can. 

Paper cup or tea 

cup . 

Soft drink can. 

Bottle. 

Estimate 

(ml) 

How Close 

Measurement Were You? 

(ml) 

IV. THE CUBIC METRE (m3 ) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A CUBIC METRE 

1. Place a one nietre square on the floor next to the wall. 

2. Measure a metre UP the wall. 

3. Picture a box that would fit into that space. 

THAT IS THE VOLUME OF ONE CUBIC METRE! 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN CUBIC METRES 

For each of the following items, follow the estimating procedures used before. 

1. Office desk. 

2. File cabinet. 

3. Small room. 

Estimate 

(m3) 

Measurement 

(m3) 

How Close 

Were You? 

Exercise3 
MASS (WEIGHT) MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES 

Kilogram, Gram 

The mass of an pbject is a measure of the amount of matter in the 

object. This amount is always the same unless you add or subtract some 

matter from the object. Weighfis the term that most people use when 

they mean mass. The weight of an object is affected by gravity; the 

mass of an object is not. For example, the weight of a person on earth 

might be 120 pounds; that same person's weight on the moon would be 

20 pounds. This difference is because the pull of gravity on the moon 

is less than the pull of gravity on earth. A person's mass on the earth 

and on the moon would be the same. The metric system does not 

measure weight--it measures mass. We will use the term mass here. 

The symbol for gram is g. 

The symbol for kilogram is kg. 

There are 1 000 grams in.one kilogram, or 1 000 g = 1 kg. 

Half a kilogram can be written as 500 g,or 0.5 kg. 

A quarter of a kilogram can be written as 250 g,or 0.25 kg. 

Two and three-fourths kilograms is written as 2.75 kg. 

I. THE KILOGRAM (kg) 

DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE MASS OF A KILOGRAM 

Using a balance or scale, find the mass of the items on the table. 

Before you find the mass, riotice how heavy the object "feels" 

and compare it to the reading on the scale or balance. 

1. 1 kilogram box. 

2. Textbook. 

3. Bag of sugar. 

4. Package of paper. 

5. Your own mass. 

Mass 

(kg) 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN KILOGRAMS 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

For the followirig items ESTIMATE the mass of the object m 

kilograms, then use the scale or balance to find the exact mass 

of the object. Write the exact mass in the MEASUREMENT 

column. Determine how close your estimate is: 

Bag of rice. 

Bag of nails. 

Large purse or 

briefcase. 

Another person. 

A few books. 

Estimate Measurement 

(kg) (kg) 

How Close 

Were You? 

Exercise 4 

(continued on next page) 

9 
10 

II. THE GRAM (g) 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A GRAM 

1. Take a colored plastic cube. Hold it in your hand. 

2. 

Shake the cube in your palm as if shaking dice. Feel the 

pressure on your hand when the cube is in motion, then 

when it is not in motion. 

THAT IS HOW HEAVY A GRAM IS! 

Take a second cube and attach it to the first. Shake the 

cubes in first one hand and then the other hand; rest 

the cubes near the tips of your fingers, moving your 

hand up and down. 

THAT IS THE MASS OF TWO GRAMS! 

3. Take five cubes in one hand and shake them around. 

THAT IS THE MASS OF FIVE GRAMS! 

OBCENHR""" .OCATOON~ .OUCATOON 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN GRAMS 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

You are now ready to improve your ability to estimate in 

grams. Remember how heavy the 1 gram cube is, how heavy 

the two gram cubes are, and how heavy the five gram cubes 

are. For each of the following items, follow the procedures 

used for estimating in kilograms. 

Two thumbtacks. 

Pencil. 

Two-page letter 

and envelope. 

Nickel. 

Apple. 

Package of 

margarine. 

Estimate 

(g) 

How Close 

Measurement Were You? 

(g) 

Exercise 4 
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES 

Degree Celsius 

I. DEGREE CELSIUS (

0

C) 

Degree Celsius (

0

C) is the metric measure for temperature. 

A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR DEGREE CELSIUS 

Take a Celsius thermometer. Look at the marks on it. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Find 0 degrees. 

WATER FREEZES AT ZERO DEGREES CELSIUS (0°C) 

WATER BOILS AT 100 DEGREES CELSIUS (100°C) 

Find the temperature of the room. ___ °C. Is the 

room cool, warm, or about right? 

Put some hot water from the faucet into a container. 

Find the temperature. °C. Dip your finger 

quickly in and out of the water. Is the water very hot, 

hot, or just warm? 

Put some cold water in a container with a thermometer. 

Find the temperature. °C. Dip your finger into 

the water. Is it cool, cold, or very cold? 

Bend your arm with the inside of your elbow around the 

bottom of the thermometer. After about three minutes 

find the temperature. °C. Your skin temperature is not as high as your body temperature. 

NORMAL BODY TEl\1PERATURE IS 37 DEGREES 

CELSIUS (37°C). 

A FEVER IS 39°C. 

A VERY HIGH FEVER IS 40°C. 

11 

B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN DEGREES 

CELSIUS 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

For each item, ESTIMATE and write down how many degrees 

Celsius you think it is. Then measure and write the MEASUREMENT. See how close your estimates and actual measurements are. 

Mix some hot and 

cold water in a 

container. Dip your 

finger into the 

water. 

Pour out some of 

the water. Add some 

hot water. Dip your 

finger quickly into 

the water. 

Outdoor temperature. 

Sunny window sill. 

Mix of ice and water. 

Temperature at 

floor. 

How Close 

Measurement Were You? 

(OC) 

7. Temperature at 

ceiling. 

Exercise 5 
12 

UNIT 2 

OBJECfiVES 

The student will recognize and use the metric 

teiiR>, units, and symbols used in this occupation. 

• 

• 

Given a metric unit, state its use in this 

occupation. 

Given a measurement task in this occupation, select the appropriate metric unit 

and measurement tool. 

SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE 

1. Assemble metric measurement tools (rules, 

tapes, scales, thermometers, etc.) and 

objects related to this occupation. 

2. Discuss with students how to read the 

tools. 

3. Present and have students discuss 

Information Sheet 2 and Table 2. 

4. Have students learn occupationallyrelated metric measurements by completing Exercises 6 and 7. 

5. Test performance by using Section A of 

"Testing Metric Abilities." 

~C<NT<R FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATOON 

METRlCS IN THIS OCCUPATION 

Changeover to the metric system is under way. Large corporations are already using 

metric measurement to compete in the world market. The metric system has been used in 

various parts of industrial and scientific communities for years. Legislation, passed in 

1975, authorizes an orderly transition to use of the metric system. As businesses and 

industries make this metric changeover, employees will need to use metric measurement 

in job-related tasks. 

Table 2 lists those metric terms which are most commonly used in this occupation. 

These terms are replacing the measurement units used currently. What kinds of jobrelated tasks use measurement? Think of the many different kinds of measurements you 

now make and use Table 2 to discuss the metric terms which replace them. See if you 

can add to the list of uses beside each metric term. 

Information Sheet 2 
Metric Units for Welding 13 

Quantity Unit Symbol Use 

Length millimetre mm Size of fillet weld, screw and bolt lengths and diameters, 

wrench sizes, diameter of welding rod 

centimetre em Length of weld, channel, pipe, I-beam, rod 

metre m Length of pipe, conduit 

Area square millimetre mm2 Area of plug weld 

square centimetre cm2 Area of steel plate 

square metre m2 Area of welding room floor 

Volume/Capacity cubic millimetre mm3 Volume of a fire brick 

---

cubic centimetre cm3 Product size; excavation quantities; tank, container, 

m3 

compartment or hopper capacities* 

cubic metre 

millilitre ml Liquid solvents, chemicals, oil 

litre I Quantity liquids, gasoline, acetylene and oxygen purchase, 

tank capacities 

Mass gram g Can of flux 

kilogram kg Packages of welding rod 

Wire feed rate millimetres per second mm/s Heliarc welding 

Electrode force newton N Upset, squeeze, and hold 

Flow rate litres per minute I/ min Argon or carbon dioxide gas flow for gas-shielded welding; 

liquid coolant flow for TIG welder 

Temperature degree Celsius oc Weld, welding room, outside, and liquid temperatures, 

melting points 

kelvin K Sometimes used in scientific and technical specifications 

and reports (see Conversion Chart) 

Pressure kilopascal kPa Oxygen pressure, gas and hydraulic pressures, tensile 

strength 

*Tanks, hoppers, and containers will be measured either in litres and millilitres or in cubic centimetres and cubic metres. 

Table 2 
14 

TRYING OUT METRIC UNITS 

To give you practice with metric units, first estimate the measure- Estimate Actual 

ments of the items below. Write down your best guess next to the item. 

Then actually measure the item and write down your answers using the 16. Oxygen bottle 

correct metric symbols. The more you practice, the easier it will be. 

17. Container of degreaser 

Estimate Actual 

18. Drum of oil 

Length 19. Bucket 1. Palm width 

2. Hand span 20. Small box or package 

3. Your height 21. Soldered or welded container 

4. Desk height 22. Storage bin 

5. Space between desks 

Mass 

6. Welding rod 23. Textbook 

..., Height of filing cabinet 24 . Nickel I. 

8. Flanges of 1-beam 25 . Yourself 

9. Legs of angle iron 26. Brazing rod 

Area 27. A quantity of steel 

10. Desk top 

11. Spot bit 28. Aluminum welding rod 

12. Workbench Temperature 

29. Outside 

13. Plug weld 

30. Inside 

14. Templates 31. Hot tap water 

Volume/Capacity 32. Cold water 15. Acetylene bottle 

o:3'·NT•A 'OR VOCATOONAL '0UCATOON Exercise 6 
15 

WELDING WITH METRICS 

It is important to know what metric measurement to use. Show 

what measurement to use in the following situations. 18. Flow rate for gas-shielded welding 

1. Length of workbench 19. Length of a steel tape 

2. Width of workbench 20. Size of a wrench 

3. Area of workbench 21. Volume of a fuel storage tank 

4. Capacity of quenching tank or 

22. Wire feed rate for spot welder 

bucket 23. Air pressure for spot welding 

5. Mass of a blacksmith's hammer 

6. Diameter of oxygen hose 

7. Temperature of flame from torch 

8. Volume of container of flux 

9. Mass of a single welding rod DJ I I I I !I 

10. Volume of can of metal primer ~ c. ~ 

11. Reading of a pressure gage u ll fJ ~ 12. Length of a welding rod 

D '- ~ 

13. Length of an electrical lead 

~ -

14. Length of a weld ~ 

1----

15. Width of a weld 

16. Length of a steel plate 

17. Width of a steel plate 

Exercise 7 
16 

UNIT3 

OBJECTIVE 

The student will recognize and use metric equivalents. 

• Given a metric unit, state an equivalent 

in a larger or smaller metric unit. 

SUGGESTED TEACIDNG SEQUENCE 

1. Make available the Information Sheets 

(3 - 8) and the associated Exercises 

(8 - 14), one at a time. 

2. As soon as you have presented the 

Information, have the students complete 

each Exercise. 

3. Check their answers on the page titled 

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND 

TEST. 

4. Test performance by using Section B of 

"Testing Metric Abilities." 

METRIC-METRIC EQUIVALENTS 

Centimetres and Millimetres 

0 > 

( 

f1111JIIlljlllljlllljlllljlllljlllljlllljlllljl II ljlllljlllljllllj 

1 2 3 4 5 6 (

fllllllllljlllljlllljlllljlllljllllllllljlllljllll j lllljlllljllllll II 

1 2 3 4 5 6 

Look at the picture of the nail next to the ruler. The nail is 57 mm long. This is 5 em+ 7 mm. 

There are 10 mm in each em, so 1 mm = 0.1 em (one-tenth of a centimetre). This means that 

7 mm = 0.7 em, so 57 mm 5 em+ 7 mm 

5 em+ 0.7 em 

= 5.7 em. Therefore 57 mm is the same as 5.7 em. 

Now measure the paper clip. It is 34 mm. This is the same as 3 em+ mm. Since each 

millimetre is 0.1 em (one-tenth of a centimetre), 4 mm = em. So, the paper clip is 

34·mm = 3cm+4mm 

= 3 em+ 0.4 em 

= 3.4 em. This means that 34 rom is the same as 3.4 em. 

Information Sheet 3 

Now you try some. 

a ) 26mm = em e ) 132mm = em 

b) 583 mm = em f ) 802mm = em 

c ) 94mm = em g) 1400mm em 

d) 680mm = em h) 2 307 mm em 

Exercise 8 
Metres, Centimetres, and Millimetres 

There are 100 centimetres in one metre. Thus, 

2m= 2 x 100 em = 200 ·em, 

3m = 3 x 100 em = 300 em, 

8 m = 8 x 100 em = 800 em, 

36m = 36 x 100 em = 3 600 em. 

There are 1 000 millimetres in one metre, so 

2m = 2x1000mm = 2000mm, 

3 m = 3 x 1 QOO mm = 3 000 mm, 

6 m = 6 x 1 000 mm = 6 000 mm, 

24 m = 24 x 1 000 mm = 24 000 mm 

From your work with decimals you should know that 

one-half of a metre can be written 0.5 m (five-tenths of a metre), 

one-fourth of a centimetre can be written 0.25 em 

(twenty-five hundredths of a centimetre). 

This means that if you want to change three-fourths of a metre to 

millimetres, you would multiply by 1 000. So 

0.75 m = 0.75 x 1 000 mm 

75 

100 x 1 OOOmm 

1000 

75 x 100 mm 

75 x 10 mm 

750 mm. This means that 0.75 m = 750 mm. 

Information Sheet 4 

Fill in the following chart. 

metre centimetre millimetre 

m em mm 

1 100 1000 

2 200 

3 

9 

5 000 

74 

0.8 80 

0.6 600 

2.5 25 

148 

639 G::3 CENTER OOR VOCAnoNAL EDUCATOON 

Exercise 9 

Millilitres to Litres 

There are 1 000 millilitres in one litre. This means that 

2 000 millilitres is the same as 2 litres. 

3 000 ml is the same as 3 litres, 

4 000 ml is the same as 4 litres, 

12 000 ml is the same as 12 litres. 

17 

Since there are 1 000 millilitres in each litre, one way to change milli· 

litres to litres is to divide by 1 000. For example, 

1000 

1 000 ml = 1 000 litre = !litre. Or · 2 000 . . 2 000 ml = 1 000 htres = 2 htres. 

And, as a final example, 

28 000 

28 000 ml = 1 000 litres = 28 litres. 

What if something holds 500 ml? How many litres is this? This is 

worked the same way, 

500 ml = 1 ~gg litre = 0.5 litre (five-tenths of a litre ). So 500 ml 

is the same as one-half (0.5) of a litre. 

Change 57 millilitres to litres. 

57 ml = 1 ~~ litre = 0.057 litre (fifty-seven thousandths of a 

litre). 

Information Sheet 5 

Now you try some. Complete the following chart. 

millilitres litres 

(ml) (1) 

3 000 3 

6 000 

8 

1-tOOO 

23 

300 0.3 

700 

0.9 

250 

0.-!7 

275 

Exercise 10 
18 

Li tres to M illili tres 

What do you do if you need to change litres to millilitres? Remember, 

there are 1 000 millilitres in one litre, or 1 litre = 1 000 ml. 

So, 

2 litres = 2 x 1 000 ml = 2 000 ml, 

7 litres = 7 x 1 000 ml = 7 000 ml, 

13 litres =13 x 1 000 ml =13 000 ml, 

0.65 litre = 0.65 x 1 000 ml = 650 ml. 

Information Sheet 6 

Now you try some. Complete the following chart. 

litres millilitres 

I ml 

8 8 000 

5 

46 

32 000 

0.4 

0.53 

480 Exercise 11 

Grams to Kilograms 

There are 1 000 grams in one kilogram. This means that 

2 000 grams is the same as 2 kilograms, 

5 000 g is the same as 5 kg, 

700 g is the same as 0.7 kg, and so on. 

To change from grams to kilograms, you use the same procedure for 

changing from millilitres to litres. 

Information Sheet 7 

Try the following ones. 

grams kilograms 

g kg 

4 000 4 

900() 

23 000 

8 

300 

275 Exercise 12 

Kilograms to Grams 

To change kilograms to grams, you multiply by 1 000. 

4 kg = 4 X 1 000 g = 4 000 g, 

23 kg = 23 X 1 000 g = 23 000 g, 

0.75 kg= 0.75 X 1 000 g = 750 g. 

Information Sheet 8 

Complete the following chart. 

kilograms grams 

kg g 

7 7 000 

11 

25 000 

0.4 

0.63 

175 Exercise 13 

Changing Units at Work 

Some of the things you use in this occupation may be measured in 

different metric units. Practice changing each of the following to 

metric equivalents by completing these statements. 

a ) 50 em welding bead is ------ --- - m 

b ) 250 ml of solvent is I 

c ) 5 em diameter pipe is mm 

d ) 2 500 g of flux is kg 

e ) 120 mm bolt is em 

f ) 0.25 litre of paint is ml 

g ) 2 000 kg of welding rod is t 

h ) 500 kg of steel sheet is t 

i ) 10cmJ:>oltis ---- ---------- mm 

j ) 3 m steel tape is mm 

k ) 500 g of hand cleaner is kg 

I ) 500 ml of liquid flux is I 

m) 2 litres of caustic soda degreaser is ml 

n ) 1 em crater is mm 

o ) 230 mm rod is em 

Exercise 14 
UNIT 4 

OBJECTIVE 

The student will recognize and use 

instruments, tools, and devices for-measurement tasks in this occupation. 

• Given metric and Customary tools, 

instruments, or devices, differentiate 

between metric and Customary. 

• Given a welding measurement task, 

select and use an appropriate tool, 

instrument or device. 

• Given a metric measurement task, · 

judge the metric quantity within 25% 

and measure within 5% accuracy. 

SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE 

1. Assemble metric and Customary measuring tools and devices (rules, scales, °C thermometer, drill bits, wrenches, micrometer, 

vernier calipers) and display in separate 

groups at learning stations. 

2. Have students examine metric tools and 

instruments for distinguishing characteristics and compare them with Customary 

tools and instruments. 

3. Have students verbally describe characteristics. 

4. Present or make available Information 

Sheet 9. 

5. Mix metric and Customary tools or 

equipment at learning station. Give 

students Exercises 15 and 16. 

6. Test performance by using Section C of 

"Testing Metric Abilities." 

~·NT·R H>R VOCATK>N~ WUCATOON 

SELECTING AND USING 

METRIC INSTRUMENTS , TOOLS AND DEVICES 

Selecting an improper tool or misreading a scale can result in an improper requisition 

form, damaged materials, or injury to self or fellow workers. For example, putting 207 

pounds per square inch of pressure (psi) in· an arc-air welding system designed for 207 kilopascals (about 30 psi) could cause a fatal accident. Here are some suggestions: 

1. Find out in advance whether Customary or metric units, tools, instruments, 

or products are needed for a given task. 

2. Examine the tool or instrument before using it. 

3. The metric system is a decimal system. Look for units marked off in whole 

numbers, tens or tenths, hundreds or hundredths. 

4. Look for metric symbols on the tools or gages such as m, mm, kg, g, kPa. 

5. Look for decimal fractions (0.25) or decimal mixed fractions (2.50) rather 

than common fractions (3/8) on drill bits, wrenches, and gages. 

6. Some products may have a special metric symbol such as a block M to show 

they are metric. 

7. Don't force bolts, wrenches, or other devices which are not fitting properly. 

8. Practice selecting and using tools, instruments, and devices. 

Information Sheet 9 

19 
20 

WHICH TOOLS FOR THE JOB? MEASURING UP IN WELDING 

Practice and prepare to demonstrate your ability to identify, For the tasks below, estimate the metric measureselect, and use metric-scaled tools and instruments for the tasks given ment to within 25% of actual measurement, and verify the estimation 

below. You should be able to use the measurement tools to the appro- by measuring to within 5% of actual measurement. 

priate precision of the tool, instrument, or task. 

Estimate Verify 

Select and demonstrate or describe use of tools, instruments, or 1. Diameter of a welding rod for elecdevices to: tric arc welding of mild steel plates 

1. Check proper pressure on oxygen tank gages for welding. 6 mm thick 

2. Amount of welding rod used on a 

2. Check proper pressure on acetylene tank gages for welding. job: 

a. Mass 

3. Order enough welding rods to last the school year. b. Length 

3. Pressure setting for acetylene 4. Estimate the size of a fillet weld for a tee section made of welding 

10 mm SAE 1018. • 4. Spacing of straight beads for a 

5. Space spot welds on a piece of sheet metal. weaving and whipping bead 

5. Quantities of caustic soda and 

6. Set proper pressure on oxygen tank and acetylene tank for water to mix a degreasing solution: 

torch cutting. a. Caustic soda 

7. Check proper amps on electric welder for welding 10 mm SAE b. Water 

1020 to 10 mm SAE 1020. 6. Spacing of spot welds on a sheet .metal product 

8. Select proper wire feed rate on heliarc welder for lap welding 7. Size of a thick metal strap for a 

2 mm SAE 1018 together. product: -' a. Length 

9. Heat a piece of 10 mm SAE 1018 to a bright cherry red and b. Width 

check for comparable temperature. c. Thickness 

10. Check a number four torch tip for proper orifice diameter. 8. Length of cut triangular tips for 

a closed-end weld on a pipe 

11. Order replacement blade for metal-cutting hacksaw. 9. Mass of a container of brazing flux 

to be requisitioned 

12. Order pipe for a product. 10. Flow rate for a gas-shielded weld- ing job 

13. Set a tool rest for off-hand grinding. 11. Area of a plug weld 

14. Mix a solvent from a jug of concentrate. 12. Length of welding rods to be 

requisitioned 

~R >OR VOCATOONAL EDUCATOON 

Exercise 15 Exercise 16 
UNIT 5 

OBJECTIVE 

The student will recognize and use metric 

and Customary units interchangeably in ordering, selling, and using products and supplies in 

this occupation. 

• Given a Customary (or metric) measurement, find the metric (or Customary) 

equivalent on a conversion table. 

• Given a Customary unit, state the replacement unit. 

SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE 

1. Assemble packages and containers of 

materials. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Present or make available Information 

Sheet 10 and Table 3. 

Have students find approximate metricCustomary equivalents by using 

Exercise 17. 

Test performance by using Section D of 

"Testing Metric Abilities." 

o::3 C<NTER FOR VOCATOONAC <DUCATOON 

METRIC-CUSTOMARY EQUIVALENTS 

During the transition period there will be a need for finding equivalents between systems. 

Conversion tables list calculated equivalents between the two systems. When a close equivalent 

is needed, a conversion table can be used to find it. Follow these steps: 

1. Determine which conversion table is needed. 

21 

2. Look up the known number in the appropriate column; if not listed, find numbers you 

can add together to make the total of the known number. 

3. Read the equivalent(s) from the next column. 

Table 3 on the next page gives an example of a metric-Customary conversion table which 

you can use for practice in finding approximate equivalents. Table 3 can be used with Exercise 

17, Part 2 and Part 3. 

Below is a table of metric-Customary equivalents which tells you what the metric replacements for Customary units are.* This table can be used with Exercise 17, Part 1 and Part 3. The 

symbol ::::::: means "nearly equal to." 

1 em ::::::: 0.39 inch 

1 m ::::::: 3.28 feet 

1m::::::: 1.09 yards 

1 km::::::: 0.62 mile 

1 cm2 ::::::: 0.16 sq in 

1 m2 ~ 10.8 sq ft 

1m2 ::::::: 1.2 sq yd 

1 hectare ::::::: 2.5 acres 

1 inch ::::::: 2.54 em 

1 foot::::::: 0.305 m 

1 yard ::::::: 0.91 m 

1 mile ::::::: 1.61 km 

1 sq in ::::::: 6.5 cm2 

1 sq ft::::::: 0.09 m2 

1 sq yd ::::::: 0.8 m 2 

1 acre ::::::: 0.4 hectare 

1 cu in::::::: 16.4 cm3 

1 ml::::::: 0.2 tsp 

1 ml::::::: 0.07 tbsp 

11 ::::::: 33.8 fl oz 

ll::::::: 4.2 cups 

11 ::::::: 2.1 pts 

11::::::: 1.06 qt 

11::::::: 0.26 gal 

1 gram ::::::: 0.035 oz 

1 kg::::::: 2.2 lb 

1 tsp ~ 5 ml 

1 tbsp ~ 15 ml 

1 fl oz ~ 29.6 ml 

1 cup:::::: 237 ml 

1 pt ~ 0.47 l 

1 qt:::::: 0.95 l 

1gal~3.79l 

1 oz:::::: 28.3 g 

1 cm 1lb ~ 0.45 kg 3 ::::::: 0.06 cu in 

1m3 ~ 35.3 cu ft 

1 m 3 ~ 1.3 cu yd 

1 cu ft::::::: 0.03 m 3 

1 cu yd::::::: 0.8 m3 

.1 metric ton ::::::: 2205 lb 

1 kPa::::::: 0.145 psi 

1 ton :::::: 907.2 kg 

1 psi ~ 6.895 kPa 

*Adapted from Let's Measure Metric. A Teacher's Introduction to Metric Measuremen t. Division of Educational 

Redesign and Renewal, Ohio Department of Education, 65 S. Front Street, Columbus, OH 43215, 197 5. 

Information Sheet 10 
22 

CONVERSION TABLES 

MILLIMETRES TO INCHES 10 bt~hes = 25_4 mm _ 12 inches or 1 feet = 304.8 mm or 30.48 em 

1 000 mm or 1 metre = 39.37 inches INCHES TO MILLIMETRES 

mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm 

100 3.93 10 0.39 1 0.04 0.1 0.004 1 25.4 0.1 2.54 .01 .25 .001 .03 

200 7.87 20 0.79 2 0.08 0.2 0.008 2 50.8 0.2 5.08 .02 .51 .002 .05 

300 11.81 30 1.18 3 0.12 0.3 0.012 3 76.2 o:3 7.62 .03 .76 .003 .08 

400 15.74 40 1.57 4 0.16 0.4 0.016 4 101.6 0.4 10.16 .04 1.02 .004 .10 

500 19.68 50 1.97 5 0.20 0.5 0.020 5 127.0 0.5 12.70 .05 1.27 .005 .13 

600 23.62 60 2.36 · 6 0.24 . 0.6 0.024 6 152.4 0.6 15.24 .06 1.52 .006 .15 

700 27.56 70 2.76 7 0.28 0.7 0.028 7 177.8 0.7 17.78 .07 1.78 ;007 .18 

800 31.50 80 3.15 8 0.31 0.8 0.031 8 203.2 0.8 20.32 .08 2.03 .008 .20 

900 35.43 90 3.54 9 0.35 0.9 0.035 9 228.6 0.9 22.86 .09 2.29 .009 .23 

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART* 

OF oc OF oc oc OF oc OF 

100 38 1100 593 50 122 650 1202 

200 93 1200 649 100 212 700 1292 

300 149 1300 704 150 302 750 1382 

400 204 1400 760 200 392 800 1472 

500 260 1500 816 250 482 850 1562 

600 316 2000 1094 300 572 900 1652 

700 371 2500 1371 350 662 950 1742 

800 427 3000 1649 400 752 1000 1832 

900 482 3500 1927 450 842 1500 2732 

1000 538 4000 2204 500 932 2000 3632 

4500 2482 550 1022 2500 4532 

5000 2760 600 1112 3000 5432 .. ~ -- ·- ·-

*Kelvin temperature may be used in technical specifications. Kelvin (K) temperature is found by adding 273° to the degree 

Celsius (

0

C) temperature. 

Table 3 
ANYWAY YOU WANT IT 

1. You are working in a welding shop. With the change to metric 

measurement some of the things you order, sell or use are marked 

only in metric units. You will need to be familiar with appropriate 

Customary equivalents in order to communicate with customers 

and suppliers who use Customary units. To develop your skill use 

the Table on Information Sheet 10 and give the approximate 

metric quantity (both number and unit) for each of the following 

Customary quantities. 

Customary Quantity Metric Quantity 

a ) 2 lbs. of flux 

b) 4 qts. of solution 

c ) 3/4 in. pipe 

d) 100 lbs. of fire brick 

e ) 18 in. welding rod 

f ) two-gallon can 

g ) 9 in. welding rod 

h) 6 in. steel ruler 

) 6 ft. steel tape 

j ) 4 in. piece of steel 

k) 2 in. band iron 

1 ) 32 oz. blacksmith's hammer 

m) 16 oz. tinner's riveting hammer 

n) 1 pt. of liquid flux 

0) 1 gal. of degreasing solution 

2. Use the conversion tables from Table 3 to convert the following: 

a ) 100°C OF e ) 0.02 in. mm 

b) 700°F oc f ) 0.2mm in. 

c ) 1000°C OF g ) 1/8 in. mm 

d) 2500°F oc h) 25mm in. a::3 CENRR FCR ...,.,....,..,.._ muc•>nON 

3. Complete the Requisition Form using the items listed. Convert 

the Customary quantities to metric before filling out the form. 

Complete all the information (Date, For, Job No., etc.). 

Order t~e following welding supplies: 

a ) One leather bib apron, 24 in. by 36 in. 

b ) One 50 lbs. carton of cast iron welding rods, 

1/4 in. diameter and 24 in. length 

c ) One pair of 24 in. pick up tongs 

d ) Two 5 lbs. cans of brazing and welding flux 

e ) Six 4 in. welders forged steel "C" clamps 

REQUISITION 

Date --------

For 

Job No.'--------- Date Wanted ------

Deliver to -------------------

QTY UNIT 

Requested by 

Approved by 

ITEM 

Exercise 17 

23 
24 

SEcriON A 

1. One kilogram is about the mass 

of a: 

[A) nickel 

[ B I apple seed 

[ C] basketball 

[D] Volkswagen "Beetle" 

2. A square metre is about the 

area of: 

[A] this sheet of paper 

[B] a card table top 

[ C ] a bedspread 

(D] a postage stamp 

3. The width of a weld bead would 

be given in: 

(A] millilitres 

(B] centimetres 

(C) kilograms 

(D] millimetres 

4. The mass of steel plate is 

measured in : 

(A] millilitres 

[B) centimetres 

[C) kilograms 

[D) cubic metres 

5. The correct way to write twenty 

grams is: 

(A] 20 gms 

(B) 20 Gm. 

(C] 20 g. 

(D I 20 g 

6. The correct way to write twelve 

thousand millimetres is: 

[A] 12,000 mm. 

(B) . 12.000 mm 

(C) 12 OOOmm 

(D) 12 000 mm 

SECTIONB 

7. A 45° iillet weld 2 centimetres 

wide also has a width of: 

[A] 20 millimetres 

[B) 2 millimetres 

[C) 0.2 millimetre 

[D) 200 millimetres 

8. A steel sheet 2 metres long also 

has a length of: 

[A] 0.2 millimetre 

[B] 20 millimetres 

[ C ] 2 000 millimetres 

[D] 200 millimetres 

SECTION C 

9. For measuring in millimetres you 

would use a : 

(A] scale 

[B] ruler 

[ C ] pressure gage 

[D] container 

10. For measuring kilopascals you 

would use a: 

[A] scale 

[B] container 

[C] ruler 

[D] pressure gage 

~<NTEA roA VOCATION~ <OUCATOON 

11. Estimate the length of the line 

segment below: 

[A) 23 grams 

[ B ) 6 centimetres 

(C) 40 millimetres 

[ D ) 14 pascals 

12. Estimate the length of the line 

segment below: 

f-----1 

(A) 10 millimetres 

[B) 4 centimetres 

[ C ) 4 pascals 

[ D ) 2 3 milligrams 

SECTIOND 

13. The metric unit for pressure which 

replaces pounds per square inch is: 

[A] kilopascal 

[B] litre 

[C) grams per square metre 

[D] millimetres per square metre 

14. The metric unit for length which 

replaces the inch is: 

[A ) millilitre 

[B] kilometre 

[C) metre 

[D) centimetre 

mm 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Use this conversion table to 

answer questions 15 and 16. 

in. . in. 

0.04 l 

0 .08 2 

0.12 3 

0.16 4 

0.20 5 

0.24 6 

0 .28 7 

0.31 8 

0.35 9 

0.39 10 

15. The equivalent of 15 mm is: 

(A] 381 in. 

[B) 1.5 in. 

[C) 0.59 in. 

[D) 2.5 in. 

16. The equivalent of 18 in. is: 

(A] 254.8 mm 

[B) 18 mm 

[C) 26 mm 

(DJ 457.2 mm 

mm. 

25.4 

50.8 

76.2 

101.6 

127.0 

152.4 

177.8 

203.2 

228.6 

254.0 

TESTING METRIC ABILITIES 
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND TEST 

EXERCISES 1 THRU 6 

The answers depend on the items 

used for the activities. 

EXERCISE 7 

Currently accepted metric units of 

measurement for each question are 

shown in Table 2. Standards in each 

occupation are being established 

now, so answers may vary. 

EXERCISE 8 

a) 2.6 em 

b) 58.3 em 

c) 9.4 em 

d) 68.0 em 

e) 13.2 em 

f) 80.2 em 

g) 140.0 em 

h) 230.7 em 

EXERCISES 9 THRU 13 

Tables are reproduced in total. Answers are in parentheses. 

Exercise 9 

metre centimetre millimetre 

m em mm 

1 100 1 000 

2 200 (2 000) 

3 (300) (3 000) 

9 (900) (9 000) 

(5) (500) 5 000 

74 (7 400) (74 000) 

0.8 80 (800) 

0.6 (60) 600 

(0.025) 2.5 25 

(0.H8) (14.8) 148 

(6.39) 639 (6 390) 

~·~··'OR VOCATK>NAC WUCATOON 

Exercise 10 

millilitres 

m1 

3 000 

6 000 

(8 000) 

(14000) 

(23 000) 

300 

700 

(900) 

250 

(470) 

275 

Exercise 11 

litres 

1 

8 

5 

46 

(32) 

0.4 

0.53 

(0.48) 

Exereise 12 

grams 

g 

4 000 

9 000 

23 000 

(8 000) 

300 

275 

litres 

1 

3 

(6) 

8 

(14) 

23 

0.3 

(0.7) 

0.9 

(0.25) 

0.47 

(0.275) 

millilitres 

ml 

8 000 

(5 000) 

(46 000) 

32 000 

(400) 

(530) 

480 

kilograms 

kg 

4 

(9) 

(23) 

8 

(0.3) 

(0.275) 

25 

Exercise 13 Part 2. 

a ) 212°F e ) 0.51 mm 

b ) 371°C f ) 0.008 in. 

kilograms grams 

kg g 

c ) 1832°F g ) 3.18 mm 

d) 1371°C h) 0.99 in. 7 7 000 

11 (11 000) 

(25) 25 000 

0.4 (400) Part 3. 

0.63 (630) a ) 60.96 em by 91.44 em 

(0.175) 175 b ) 22.50 kg, 0.635 em by 60.96 em 

c) 60.96 em 

Exercise 14 d) 2 - 2.25 kg 

e ) 6 - 10.16 em 

a ) 0.5m i ) 100mm 

b) 0.25 litre j ) 3 000 mm 

c ) 50mm k) 0.5 kg TESTING METRIC ABILITIES 

d) 2.5 kg 1 ) 0.5 litre 

e ) 12 em m) 2 000 ml 1. c 9. B 

f ) 250 ml n) 10mm 2. B 10. D 

g ) 2t 0) 23 em 3. D 11. B 

h) 0.5 t 4. c 12. A 

5. D 13. A 

EXERCISES 15 AND 16 6. D 14. D 

7. A 15. c 

The answers depend on the 8. c 16. D 

items used for the activities. 

EXERCISE 17 

Part 1. 

a ) 0.90 kg i ) 1.83 m 

b) 3.8 litres j ) 10.16 em 

c ) 1.905 em k) 5.08 em 

d) 45 kg l ) 905.6 g 

e ) 45.72 em m) 452.8 g 

f ) 7.58 litres n) 0.47 litre 

g ) 22.86 em 0) 3.79 litres 

h) 15.24 em 

1:< U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:l976- 757- 069/6255 Region NO . 5- 11 
SUGGESTED METRIC TOOLS AND DEVICES 

NEEDED TO COMPLETE MEASUREMENT TASKS 

IN EXERCISES 1 THROUGH 5 

LINEAR 

Metre Sticks 

Ruies, 30 em 

Measuring Tapes, 150 em 

*Height Measure 

*Metre Tape, 10m 

*Trundle Wheel 

*Area Measuring Grid 

VOLUME/CAPACITY 

*Nesting Measures, set of 5, 

50 ml - 1 000 ml 

Economy Beaker, set of 6, 

50 ml - 1 000 ml 

Metric Spoon, set of 5, 

1 ml- 25 ml 

Dry Measure, set of 3, 

50, 125, 250 ml 

Plastic Litre Box 

Centimetre Cubes 

(* Optional) 

MASS 

Bathroom Scale 

*Kilogram Scale 

*Platform Spring Scale 

5 kg Capacity 

10 kg Capacity 

Balance Scale with 8-piece 

mass set 

*Spring Scale, 6 kg Capacity 

TEMPERATURE 

Celsius Thermometer 

FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

·The Qh,o State Untver\tty • 1960 Kenny Ro'ad · ·c olumbus Ot'uo 43210 

SUGGESTED METRIC TOOLS AND DEVICES 

NEEDED TO COMPLETE OCCUPATIONAL 

MEASUREMENT TASKS 

In this occupation the tools needed to complete Exercises 6, 

15, and 16 are indicated by''*;" 

* A. Assorted Metric Hardware- Hex nuts, washers, screws, 

cotter pins, etc. 

* B. Drill Bits- Individual bits or sets, 1 mm to 13 mm range 

* c. Vernier Caliper-Pocket slide type, 120 mm range 

* D. Micrometer-Outside micrometer caliper, 0 mm to 25 mm 

range 

E. Feeler Gage-13 blades, 0.05 mm to 1 mm range 

F. Metre Tape-50 or 100 m tape 

G. Thermometers- Special purpose types such as a clinical 

thermometer 

H. 1 Temperature Devices-Indicators used for ovens,.freezing/ 

cooling systems, etc. 

I. Tools- Metric open end or box wrench sets, socket sets, 

hex key sets 

J. Weather Devices- Rain gage, barometer, humidity, wind 

velocity indicators 

* K. 1 Pressure Gages- Tire pressure, air, oxygen, hydraulic, fuel, 

etc. 

L. 1 Velocity- Direct reading or vane type meter 

M. Road Map- State and city road maps 

* N. Containers-B~ckets, plastic containers, etc., for mixing 

and storing liquids 

0. Containers-Boxes, buckets, cans, etc., for mixing and 

storing dry ingredients 

Most of the above items may be obtained from local industrial, 

hardware, and school suppliers. Also, check with your school district's 

math and science departments and/or local industries for loan of their 

metric measurement devices. 

1 Measuring devices currently are not available. Substitute devices (i.e., thermometer) 

may be used to complete the measurement task. 

Tools and Devices List