DynaPro NanoStar 

User's Guide 

(M3300 Rev. A) 

'MYatt: f~ ~ lachnalagy 

lcoRPORATION 
WYATT TECHNOLOGY Corporation makes no warranties, either express or implied, 

regarding this instrument, computer software package, its merchantability or its fitness 

for any particular purpose. The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any 

kind. Furthermore, Wyatt Technology does not warrant, guarantee, or make any repre· 

sentations regarding the use, or the results of the use, of the software or written materials in tertns of correctness, accuracy, reliability, currentness, o1· otherwise. The exclusion 

of implied warranties is not permitted by some states, so the above exclusion may not 

apply to you. 

Copyright© 2009, Wyatt Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. 

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval 

system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, 

recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Wyatt Technology Corporation. 

Wyatt Technology and the Wyatt Technology logo are registered trademarks of Wyatt 

Technology Corporation. DynaPro, Titan, Protein Solutions, and DYNA1\1ICS are trademarks of Wyatt Technology Corporation. 

A variety of U.S. and foreign patents have been issued and/or are pending on various 

aspects of the apparatus and methodology implemented by this instrumentation. 
- -- - -

Contents 

Chapter 1: About the DynaPro NanoStar 

1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 1-1 

1.1 .1 The Instrument ................................................................................................ 1-2 

1.1 .2 The Software ................................................................................................... 1-2 

1.2 Using the DynaPro NanoStar .. .................................................................... 1-3 

1.2.1 DynaPro NanoStar Operations .................................... .................................... 1-4 

1.3 Using This Manual ............ .. ........................................................................ 1-5 

1.4 Contacting Wyatt Technology ...................................... ................................ 1-5 

Chapter 2: Safety, Warnings, and Cautions 

2.1 Warning Signs on the Chassis .................................................................. .. 2-2 

2.2 Electrical Specifications ............................................................................... 2-2 

2.3 Maintenance of Electrical Components ...................... ................................. 2-2 

2.4 Laser Safety Notes ......... ........... .. ................................................................ 2-3 

Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3.1 Front Panel View ..................................................................................... .. .. 3-2 

3.2 Back Panel View ........ .. ............................................................................... 3-3 

3.2.1 Changing a Fuse ............................................................................................. 3-3 

3.3 Top Cover ........................................... .. .. ............................ ......................... 3-4 

3.4 Temperature Control .............. .. .. ............ ......... ...... ............. .... .. .......... .. ... .... 3-5 

3.5 Target Temperature ................................................................................ ..... 3-6 

3.5.1 Setting Target Temperature ............................................................................. 3-6 

3.5.2 Automating Temperature Control .................................................................... 3-6 

3.5.3 Achieving a Stable Temperature ..................................................................... 3-7 

3.6 Controlling Humidity ............... .. ................................................................... 3-8 

3.6.1 Nitrogen Purge Installation .............................................................................. 3-8 

3.6.2 Nitrogen sensor ............................................................................................... 3-8 

3. 7 Laser .................................................................................................... .. ..... 3-9 

3.7.1 Laser Beam Warning ............................................................ ........................... 3-9 

3.7.2 Laser Monitors .............................................................................................. 3-10 

3.8 Read Head and Detectors .......................................................................... 3-11 

3.8.1 Read Head Structure ........................... .......................................................... 3-11 

M3300 Rev. A iii 
Contents 

Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4.1 Unpacking the DynaPro NanoStar .............................................................. 4-1 

4.2 Installing DYNAMICS Software ................................................................... 4-2 

4.2.1 System Requirements .................................................................................... .4-2 

4.2.2 User Accounts with Restricted Privileges ....................................................... .4-2 

4.2.3 CD Contents .................................................................................................... 4-2 

4.2.4 Installing the Software ..................................................................................... 4-3 

4.3 Installing the Instrument .............................................................................. 4-4 

4.4 Checking Initial Hardware Configuration ..................................................... 4-6 

4.5 Calibrating DynaPro NanoStar .................................................................... 4-7 

4.6 Connecting DYNAMICS to DynaPro NanoStar ........................................... 4-8 

4.7 Verifying Hardware and Experiment Parameters ..................................... 4-10 

Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5.1 Navigating the Display Panels .................................................................... 5-2 

5.1.1 Front panel button description ......................................................................... 5-2 

5.1.2 Instrument Alarm Status .................................................................................. 5-3 

5.1.3 Audio Alarm ..................................................................................................... 5·3 

5.2 Main Panel .................................................................................................. 5-4 

5.2.1 Selecting Display Settings for the X, Y Axes ................................................... 5-4 

5.2.2 Adjusting the Display Range ........................................................................... 5-5 

5.2.3 Setting Cell Temperature ................................................................................. 5-5 

5. 2. 4 Laser ............................................................................................................... 5-6 

5.3 QELS Panel ................................................................................................ 5-7 

5.3.1 Count Rate ...................................................................................................... 5-7 

5.3.2 Correlation Function ........................................................................................ 5-B 

5.3.3 Integration Time .............................................................................................. 5-B 

5.3.4 APD Status ............... , ...................................................................................... 5-9 

5.4 Alarm Panel ............................................................................................... 5-10 

5.5 System Panel ............................................................................................. 5-11 

5.5.1 Cell Temperature ........................................................................................... 5-11 

5.5.2 Attenuator ...................................................................................................... 5-11 

5.5.3 Auto Attenuate .............................................................................................. 5-11 

5.5.4 Laser Power (%) ........................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.5 Set Time ........................................................................................................ 5-12 

5.5.6 Language ...................................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.7 Zero Dark Offsets .......................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.8 Restart lSI ..................................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.9 Load Factory Defaults ................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.10 Restart Instrument ....................................................................................... 5-12 

5.6 Comm Panel ............................................................................................. 5-13 

iv M3300Rev. A 
Contents 

Chapter 6: Preparing Samples 

6.1 Cleaning the Cuvette ................................................................................... 6-2 

6.1.1 Cleaning Tips .................................................................................................. 6-2 

6.2 Filtering Samples ........................................................................................ 6-3 

6.2.1 Filtering Options .............................................................................................. 6-3 

6.3 Spinning the Sample ................................................................................... 6-4 

6.4 Filling the Cuvette ....................................................................................... 6-4 

6.4.1 Loading Tips .................................................................................................... 6-4 

6.5 Loading the DynaPro NanoStar .................................................................. 6-5 

6.6 Sample Preparation Troubleshooting .......................................................... 6-6 

Chapter 7: Collecting Data 

7.1 Prepare and Fill Cuvette with BSA Sample ................................................. 7-2 

7.1.1 Preparing the Cuvette ..................................................................................... 7-2 

7.1.2 Filling the Cuvette ........................................................................................... 7-2 

7.2 Load the Cuvette into the DynaPro NanoStar ............................................. 7-3 

7.3 Wait for Equilibrium ..................................................................................... 7-3 

7.4 Check the Count Rates ............................................................................... 7-4 

7.5 Record Data ................................................................................................ 7-4 

7.6 Compare your Results ............................................................................... 7-4 

Chapter 8: Periodic Maintenance 

8.1 Cuvettes ...................................................................................................... 8-2 

8.2 Outer Case .................................................................................................. 8-2 

8.3 Inlet Air Filters ............................................................................................. 8-2 

8.4 Cooling Precautions ................................................................................... 8-2 

Appendix A: Laser Specifications .......... ...................... ......... A-1 

A.1 Electrical and Optical Specifications ........................................................... A-1 

A.2 Environmental Specifications and Safety Notes ......................................... A-2 

Appendix B: Connecting to Network or PC .......................... B-1 

8.1 Components ............................................................................................... B-2 

B.1.1 Instrument connections: ................................................................................. B-2 

B.1.2 LAN connection: ............................................................................................ B-3 

B.1.3 Computer connections: .................................................................................. B-4 

B.1.4 Crossover cable: ............................................................................................ B-5 

B.1.5 Ethernet cable: ............................................................................................... B-6 

B.1.6 Ethernet to USB adapter: ............................................................................... B-7 

B.1. 7 Ethernet switch: ............................................................................................. B-8 

8.2 Connecting to a LAN ................................................................................... B-9 

B.2.1 One instrument to LAN: ................................................................................. B-9 

B.2.2 One instrument and computer to LAN: ........................................................ B-1 0 

B.2.3 Mulliple instruments to LAN: ......................................................................... B-11 

B.2.4 Multiple instruments and computer to LAN: ................................................ B-12 

8.3 Connecting via USB .................................................................................. B-13 

B.3.1 One instrument to USB via a crossover cable: ............................................ B-13 

B.3.2 One instrument to USB using an Ethernet switch: ....................................... B-14 

B.3.3 Multiple instruments to USB: ....................................................................... B-15 

M3300Rev. A v 
Contents 

B.4 Connecting via Ethernet when not on a LAN ............................................ B-16 

6.4.1 One instrument to computer not on LAN using crossover cable: ................ 6-16 

6.4.2 One instrument to computer not on LAN using an Ethernet switch: ............ 6-17 

6.4.3 Multiple instruments to computer not on LAN using an Ethernet switch: ..... 6-18 

B.5 Instrument Network Settings ..................................................................... B-19 

B.6 Trouble-shooting and diagnostics ............................................................. B-20 

6.6.1 Verifying instrument connections ................................................................. 6-20 

Index .................................................................................. lndex-1 

vi M3300Rev. A 
1 ~ 

About the DynaPro NanoStar 

This chapter provides a general introduction to the DynaPro NanoStar 

instrument and an overview of the sections in this manual. 

CONTENTS 

1.1 Overview ......................................................................................... 1-1 

1.1.1 The Instrument .......................................................................... 1-2 

1.1.2 The Software ............................................................................. 1-2 

1.2 Using the DynaPro NanoStar ......................................................... 1-3 

1.2.1 DynaPro NanoStar Operations .................................................. 1-4 

1.3 Using This Manual .......................................................................... 1-5 

1.4 Contacting Wyatt Technology ......................................................... 1-5 

1.1 Overview 

M3300 Rev. A 

The following is a brief description of the hardware and software that 

makes up the DynaPro NanoStar. 

Figure 1-1: Temperature Controlled DynaPro NanoStar 

1-1 
Cllapter 1: About tile DynaPro NanoStar 

1-2 

1.1.1 The Instrument 

The DynaPro is a combination Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Static 

Light Scattering (SLS) instrument. The DLS detector operates at 90 

degrees to measure the size distribution of the hydrodynamics radius, 

whereas the independent SLS detector, which also operates at 90 degrees, 

can measure the molecular weight of small molecules. DynaPro NanoStar 

can be used for a broad r ange of applications requiring both accuracy and 

high sensitivity. For example, the DynaPro NanoStar is ideally suited for 

studies of nanoparticles, proteins, vesicles, viruses, and colloids. 

The DynaPro NanoStar is straightforward to operate. Knowledge of the 

underlying physics of molecular sizing is not essential. The block diagram 

below summarizes the basic operation of the DynaPro NanoStar. 

DynaPro NanoStar r------ - , 

1.. 

Incident laser light 

I DLS 

SLS ' Correlator - I 

l

go•deg detector ~ I Sample I__..,,... F-ib-er-at-te-nu ' -a-to-tr agno ;:;;:de;;:;-g-;;:de;;t,te;;;::ct;;to;-r -"i I 

silicon PIN diode IL...-----t._::av~a:la~nc::_h~e~ph~o~to~i~od~e 1 

I I ~----------r-----------------------~ 1 

-------------------~ 

Ethernet 

connection 

Personal Computer (PC) 

Data analysis using 

DYNAMICS software 

Figure 1-2: DynaPro NanoStar Block Diagram 

The sample is filtered to eliminate dust particles, which might interfere 

with the signal from the molecules being measured. Solutions are injected 

into cuvettes and placed into the sample cell. The total sample injection 

volume (including filtration) is approximately 20 11l using the 10 1tl 

cuvette. After the cuvette is placed in the sample cell, the sample is 

illuminated by the laser. The scattered light is correlated in the DynaPro 

NanoStar, which then sends the results to the PC for analysis by the 

DYNA.i\1ICS software package. 

1.1.2 The Software 

DYNAMICS is data collection and analysis software for the DynaPro 

NanoStar molecular sizing system. Tuned specifically for characterization 

of unfractionated molecular samples, DYNAMICS applies sophisticated 

analysis tools to the quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) data from the 

DynaPro NanoStar to give information on molecular sizes and sample 

polydispersity. The DYNAMICS software gives researchers the tools to 

quickly assess important sample properties without relying on 

chromatography or other fractionation techniques. Please refer to the 

DYNAMICS User's Guide for specific information about the software. 

M3300Rev. A 
Using the DynaPro NanoStar 

1.2 Using the DynaPro NanoStar 

NOTE: 

Record button 

Access to the sample cell is gained by sliding the top lid open. The sample 

cuvette (low-volume quartz cuvette) is inserted into the sample cell and 

the lid closed for measurements. Note that there is a safety switch 

connected to the lid that will disconnect the laser when the lid is open. 

Once the lid is closed again, the laser is re-enabled. 

Close the lid of the DynaPro NanoStar gently and slowly to avoid shaking 

the cuvette or sample. Do not slam the door. 

If your sample is being measured near room temperature it will take about 

two minutes to reach thermal equilibration. If your sample is being 

measured at a high or a low temperature, several minutes may be 

required to reach thermal equilibration. 

Prior to recording light scattering data, you must first establish 

communications between the DynaPro NanoStar and DYNAlVIICS by 

clicking the E.] Connect to Hardware button in the DYNAi\IIICS tool bar. 

When the connection between the DynaPro NanoStar and DYNAt\IIICS is 

established, the DynaPro NanoStar's laser is simultaneously enabled or 

turned on. 

Once the instrument is connected, you can begin recording data by 

clicking the Ut'ee n Record button on the tool bar. The Record button face 

will then change to a flashing red, indicating that the software is in the 

recording mode. To stop recording data, click the flashing red Record 

button. For more information on recording data, see "Recording Data" in 

the DYNAMICS User's Guide. 

Cumulants and regularization analyses a1·e applied automatically, the 

results of which can be viewed by selecting the appropriate view button on 

the Experiment Window. 

Record Button in 

Idle Mode Monitor Mode Recording Mode 

~ Connect ) I Cl l ( Click Button ) ca l 

t Disconnect I 

""' ---- _ mx 

~ I£1 I\: u.c. <I 

changes from green ----- 'l'l 

~~- rrr~ j rtM.ty i T-a~• i ~·~~ i 1 2 H.,<);j.,o 

to flashing red when- Ho1t 99-50 'r (m) (Crtis) (C) J 

in record mode Opties ()45 

UlloSpe<: 

Figure 1-3: Record Button 

M3300Rev. A 1-3 
Chapter 1: About the DynaPro NanoStar 

1-4 

1.2.1 DynaPro NanoStar Operations 

The sample is illuminated by a 120 m W air launched laser of- 658 nm 

wavelength. After laser intensity stabilization 100 mW is delivered to the 

sample cell. The light scattered by the sample is collected by two 

independent detectors: one for Static scattering and one for Dynamic 

scattering. The Static scattering detector is a silicon PIN photodiode, 

whereas the DLS detector is an actively quenched, solid state Single 

Photon Counting Module (SPCM). The photons are converted to electrical 

pulses and sent to a high speed multi-tau autocorrelator. 

The DynaPro NanoStar analyzes the time scale of the scattered light 

intensity fluctuations by a mathematical process called autocorrelation. 

To perform the very fast data manipulation necessat·y to obtain results in 

real time, the DynaPro NanoStar uses the latest generation of correlator 

running special algorithms. The translational diffusion coefficient (DJ of 

the molecules in the sample is determined from the decay of the intensity 

autocorrelation data. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the sample is then 

derived from Dt using the Stokes-Einstein equation. 

The DynaPro NanoStar determines the uniformity of sizes through a 

monomodal (single particle) curve fit analysis called cumulants, which 

assumes a particular size distribution, which is gaussian in decay rates 

(inversely related to size). We can extract an "average" size and a 

"polydispersity" which is related to the gaussian width of decay rates. 

The SOS is the Sum Of Squares difference between the measured and the 

cumulants calculated intensity correlation curves, and is reported for each 

sample acquisition (a single correlation curve) in the Data log Grid View of 

DYANA1VIICS. Low SOS values(< 20) indicate reasonable agreement 

between the measured correlation curve and the cumulants fitted curve, 

and suggest the sample is likely monomodal with low polydispersity, i.e. a 

tight size distribution. 

Some samples will not be monomodal, but will contain multiple 

populations of different sizes. For these samples, you should expect to 

observe increased SOS values, e.g. > 100 (remember that the cumulants 

algorithm forces a single particle fit). If the sample appears to be multimodal, the size distribution histogram can be generated using the 

regularization algorithm, which makes no assumptions regarding the 

number of size populations. 

M3300Rev. A 
Using the DynaPro NanoSiar 

1.3 Using This Manual 

This manual is organized as follows: 

Chapter 1, "About the DynaPro NanoStar": provides a general 

introduction to the DynaPro NanoStar instrument. 

Chapter 2, "Safety, Warnings, and Cautions"-Provides a description of 

the use of safety notices in this manual and information for the safe 

operation of the DynaPro NanoStar. 

Chapter 3, "DynaPro NanoStar Components"-Provides a general 

introduction to the Temperature Controlled DynaPro NanoStar. 

Chapter 4, "Installation and Setup"-Describes how to set up the DynaPro 

NanoStar instrument and install the DYNA!\IIICS software. 

Chapter 5, "Using the Display"-Describes how to use the front panel 

keypad and display of the DynaPro NanoStar. 

Chapter 6, "Preparing Samples"-Describes how to prepare samples for 

light scattering measm ements. 

Chapter 7, "Collecting Data"- Provides a sample run for collecting data 

during a light scattering measurement. 

Chapter 8, "Periodic Maintenance"-Provides maintenance and service 

instructions. 

Appendix A, "Laser Specifications"-Provides electrical, optical, and 

envil'Onmental details for the GaAs laser. 

Appendix B, "Connecting to Network or PC"- Describes the various 

network a nd PC connections which allow communication between the 

DynaPro NanoStat· instrument and DYNAl\IIICS software. 

Index- Provides lookup assistance. 

1.4 Contacting Wyatt Technology 

M3300 Rev. A 

We solicit and encourage questions and comments about this manual and 

the DynaPro NanoStar instrument. Please contact: 

Wyatt Technology Corporation 

6300 Hollister Ave. 

Santa Barbara, CA, 93117 

Telephone: (805) 681-9009 

FAX: (805) 681-0123 

E-mail: support@wyatt.com 

1-5 
Chapter 1: About the DynaPro N anoStar 

1-6 

~~att 

\Ire='-- ~ lechnal ~~ORPORATION agy 

M3300Rev. A 
As recommended by the American National Standards Institute, we have 

used icons along with messages to especially alert the user to potential 

hazards involved in this technology, following this standard: 

Failure to follow, 

may result in injury or DEATH. 

WARNING! 

NOTE: 

M3300 Rev. A 

Caution! 

Failure to follow, 

may result in injury. 

Failure to follow, may result in damage to equipment. 

Additional information which may be of interest. 

For best results and user safety, the following warnings and cautions 

should always be followed when handling and operating your DynaPro 

NanoS tar. 

2-1 
Chapter 2: Safety. Warnings, and Cautions 

2.1 Warning Signs on the Chassis 

' ' ' 

£ 

Caution! 

DO NOT USE WITH FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS! 

Using volatile solvents in the Temperature 

Controlled DynaPro NanoStar can create 

deadly vapors, fire, and explosions. 

The DynaPro NanoStar read head, cuvette, and other 

components can reach temperatures hot enough to 

cause serious burns. 

Wear heat resistant gloves and exercise extreme 

caution when removing or replacing the cuvette. 

2.2 Electrical Specifications 

The power supply provided with your 

DynaPro NanoStar is designed to 

convert high voltage to the level 

required for operation. Do not open 

the power supply or defeat any of its 

safety interlocks. Serious injury or 

Death may result. 

2.3 Maintenance of Electrical Components 

2-2 

The DynaPro NanoStar has no user 

serviceable parts. For your safety, do 

not dismantle the instrument. 

Do not bypass any of the safety 

systems and interlocks that are in 

place for your health. 

If the instrument is not functioning 

properly, do not apply power. 

M3300Rev. A 
Laser Safety Notes 

2.4 Laser Safety Notes 

The lasers used in the DynaPro NanoStar are Class Illb lasers. However 

the DynaPro NanoStar itself is classified as a Class 1 Laser Product 

according to IEC60825-1:1993+Al+A2 and CFR Title 21 Subchapter J. 

Note these environmental specifications apply to the laser subsystem and 

not to the instrument as a whole. This means that under normal 

operation, no laser radiation should escape from the instrument, and no 

protective equipment must be worn. However the following caution 

applies: 

Caution! 

Use of controls or adjustment or performance of 

procedures other than specified herein may result in 

hazardous radiation exposure. 

The instrument also bears the following warning label. 

& CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT 

NOTE: All safety labels are in English. If you need safety labels in a language 

other than English, please contact Wyatt Technology. 

M3300 Rev. A 2-3 
Chapter 2: Safety. Warnings, and Cautions 

~(02;;;;;;;~=~;;;;;.1. ~~~alagy v ~~ORPORATION 

2-4 M3300Rev.A 
M3300 Rev. A 

This chapter provides a general introduction to the DynaPro NanoStar 

temperature controlled instrument. 

CONTENTS 

3.1 Front Panel View ............................................................................ 3-2 

3.2 Back Panel View ............................................................................. 3-3 

3.2.1 Changing a Fuse ............. .......................................................... 3-3 

3.3 Top Cover ....................................................................................... 3-4 

3.4 Temperature Control ....................................................................... 3-5 

3.5 Target Temperature ........................................................................ 3-6 

3.5.1 Setting Target Temperature ....................................................... 3-6 

3.5.2 Automating Temperature Control .............................................. 3-6 

3.5.3 Achieving a Stable Temperature ................................................ 3-7 

3.6 Controlling Humidity ....................................................................... 3-8 

3. 7 Laser ............................................................................................... 3-9 

3.7.1 Laser Beam Warning ................................................................. 3-9 

3.7.2 Laser Monitors ........................................................................... 3-10 

3.8 Read Head and Detectors .............................................................. 3-11 

3.8.1 Read Head Structure ................................................................. 3-11 

3-1 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3.1 Front Panel View 

Sample 

Cell Door 

3-2 

The front panel (see Figure 3-1) contains the main power switch (On/Off), 

the display window for monitoring data, keypad controls for operating the 

instrument, and provides cuvette storage inside the door. 

Cuvette 

Storage 

LCD Display Keypad 

Figure 3-1: DynaPro NanoStar Front Panel 

On/Off 

switch 

LCD Display: The LCD display allows you to monitor, control, and 

configure the DynaPro NanoStar. Chapter 5, "Using the Display" 

describes the functions of the tabs available on the LCD display. 

Keypad: The keypad allows you to control the LCD display. "Navigating 

the Display Panels" on page 5-2 describes how to use the keypad. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Back Panel View 

3.2 Back Panel View 

The back panel contains the AC power module, ethernet connector, 

nitrogen purge connector, correlator input for Wyatt QELS, and cooling 

fans. The main power fuses are located in the AC power module and are 

described below. 

Fans and Filters 

OYNAPRO NANOSTI\R' 

LASER PrtOTOI~ETER us PAt l'll UOi<~ l~n· 

b 1(.1.14 '1 PA UlJ t,O t-f.C Y •1• C 01 

BAffl'iHPAt( •,r h()0fi06J I 

{.H. ... f-~ AAJ(·~t N0 1l tst010141 

0fltE#IIPAlC~Il$ M)'iQ 

Jlil:lo f'MCOUC. T c:ol1ol\lf s • ... rru litH RAOI.Ito1l()N f"[ RfOf; ~"'o( f 

ar. ~ 11 CJRS~ftRJ 

Co • ... vi ~ 

·I 

CE 

I lH6101~1 EH6082S-I 

Figure 3-2: Back panel 

Nitrogen Purge 

3.2.1 Changing a Fuse 

M3300 Rev. A 

What you need to change a fuse: 

Tool for prying the AC Power module cover off, such as a small-bladed 

screwdriver. 

Fuses from the spares supplied in the accessory kit. 

To replace the fuses, do the following: 

1. Disconnect the power cord. 

2. Open the cover of the AC Power 

module using a small blade 

screwd1·iver or similar tool. 

3. Replace the burned out fuse 

with a 4 amp, 250V slow blow 

fuse. The fuse block contains 

two fuses. Both of them must be 

installed for the instrument to 

operate correctly. 

Figure 3-3: Fuseholder and Fuses 

4. Replace the cover of the AC Power module and reconnect the power 

cord. 

3-3 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3.3 Top Cover 

The sliding door includes a magnetic proximity switch which disables the 

laser when the door is open. 

Keyed Cuvette 

Receptacle 

Insulated Cell 

Chamber 

Flattened Corner 

Caution! 

3-4 

Figure 3-4: DynaPro NanoStar with Door Open 

The DynaPro NanoStar read head, cuvette, and other 

components can reach temperatures hot enough to 

cause serious burns. 

Wear heat resistant gloves and exercise extreme 

caution when removing or replacing the cuvette. 

M3300Rev. A 
Temperature Control 

3.4 Temperature Control 

The DynaPro NanoStar instrument actively controls the temperature 

within the sample cell. The range of temperature control is +4 to +150°C. 

The temperature can be maintained indefinitely between these extremes 

with an accuracy of better than 0.01 °C. 

The temperature control system uses a Peltier effect heat pump, which 

requires no heat exchanging radiators or chambers. The only moving parts 

are cooling fans. The cooling fans will run continuously whenever power is 

applied to the DynaPro NanoStar. 

The DynaPro NanoStar can reach temperatures hot enough to cause 

serious burns. The following caution is shown on the display any time the 

door is opened while the DynaPro NanoStar is heated. 

Current Cell 

Temperature 

DynoPro· The cell temperature 

door is open. 

NanoS tor 

M3300Rev. A 

Wear heat resistant gloves and exerci$e 

extreme caution when removing or 

replacing the cuvette. The cwette, read 

- head and other components may cause 

burns or other lnjul1es 

3-5 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3.5 Target Temperature 

3-6 

When power is applied to the DynaPro NanoStar, the current temperature 

of the sample cell and the temperature set point, which you define, are 

shown on the Main panel and the System panel of the DynaPro NanoStar 

Display. The target temperature will be the last value entered from the 

previous session. The default target temperature from the factory will be 

+20 Celsius. When the temperature controller identifies a difference 

between the sampling chamber temperature and the target temperature, 

it will either cool or heat the chamber until the values match. It will 

continue to do this, as long as power is applied to the instrument. The 

temperature lock algorithm requires that the sample cell must be within 

0.05°C of the set point for 120 seconds for the temperature lock alarm to 

turn green. Every time the door is closed, the temperature lock timer is 

restarted. 

The color of the temperature field will change to Green to indicate that the 

temperature is locked. When the temperature field is Yellow, it is ramping 

and has not stabilized. When the temperature field is Green the sample 

should be at temperature and ready to take data. It may take a couple 

minutes for the cuvette and sample fluid to reach the temperature set 

point. 

3.5.1 Setting Target Temperature 

You can set the target temperature manually on the equipment or 

remotely using DYNA1\tiiCS software. 

• On the front panel Display of the DynaPro NanoS tar, set the tat·get 

temperature manually on either the Main panel or the System panel. 

Refer to "Main Pa nel" on page 5-4 or "System Panel" on page 5-11. 

• To control the target temperature remotely using DYNAiVIICS, open 

Instrument in the Parameters node. Enter a value for Set Temp (C). 

For more information on setting parameters, see Chapter 4, "Setting 

Parameters" in the DYNAMICS User's Guide. 

3.5.2 Automating Temperature Control 

You can automate temperature control for sampling sequences using the 

Event Schedule feature in DYNA1\tiiCS. 

1. Right click on the Parameters node and select Event Schedule. 

2. From the Event menu, select Set Temp (C). 

3. Under Variable, set the temperature and click Add. 

You can program an arbitrary series of temperature set points as well as 

temperature ramp rates using DYNA1\1ICS. For more information on 

setting parameters, see Chapter 5, "Automating Experiments" in the 

DYNAMICS User's Guide. 

M3300Rev. A 
Target Temperature 

3.5.3 Achieving a Stable Temperature 

M3300Rev. A 

The DynaPro NanoStar instrument ramps at approximately 15 degrees 

per minute, so it should take roughly 10 minutes to get from +4°C to 

150°C. This period of time assumes an external ambient temperature of 

approximately 25°C. If you notice longer stabilization time periods, please 

contact technical support at Wyatt Technology. In practice, it t akes only a 

few minutes to reach and stabilize target temperatures. 

Air circulation is maintained by inlet fans which exhaust air through 

ducts on the bottom of the enclosure. Do not allow these ducts to become 

obstructed in any way or the performance of the instrument may be 

impaired. 

3-7 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3.6 Controlling Humidity 

A nitrogen purge connector is included on the DynaPro NanoStar. The 

nitrogen purge is used for condensation control when the DynaPro 

NanoStar is operated below 20°C. The nitrogen purge system is controlled 

by the microprocessor which sets the gas flow to high any time the lid is 

open (for example, during sample loading). The gas flow is set to low when 

the lid is closed. The nitrogen pressure is also monitored by the 

microprocessor to insure that even when the nitrogen tank runs out, no 

water will condense on the sample cell. 

The temperature contt·oller will not allow you to set a temperature below 

20.5°C unless it detects at least 20 psi of gas pressure on the nitrogen port. 

This prevents accidental condensation on the cell and read head. 

NOTE: With the door closed (operating below 20°C), the system will exhaust a 

standard nitrogen tank in about a month. With the door open, it will 

empty a tank in a day. Therefore to conserve nitrogen gas you should not 

leave the door open while operating below 20°C. 

3-8 

Anytime the instrument is operating above +20°C, based on the 

tempet·atme set point, nitrogen purge is turned off. If you intend to use 

the NanoStar between 20°C and 150°C only, you do not need to connect 

nitrogen. 

3.6.1 Nitrogen Purge Installation 

While the instrument is warming up, attach a filtered dry air or oil-free 

grade nitrogen line to the nitrogen purge connector on the back of the 

DynaPro NanoStar. Use the 90-degree fitting and the 10-inch 

Polyethylene tubing provided. The dry gas will flow into the cell chamber 

and will prevent condensation in the celL The pressure in the dry air or 

nitrogen line should be between 25 psi and 80 psi, depending on the local 

humidity. (At operating temperatures above 20°C, the nitrogen purge line 

is not required, but there is no harm in leaving it plumbed. The internal 

valves will remain closed and no gas will be consumed.) 

3.6.2 Nitrogen sensor 

The nitrogen sensor measu1·es the pressure of the N2 port. This is used to 

determine if a source of dry gas is connected for operation below ambient, 

or if the gas cylinder has emptied. 

N2 pressme alarm is triggered when the temperature is set to less than 

20°C, but the nitrogen pressure is less than 20 psi. In this case, the alarm 

activates and resets the system temperature to 20.5°C. This prevents 

condensation from damaging the optics if the nitrogen connection is not 

made, or if the tank runs empty. 

M3300Rev. A 
Laser 

3.7 Laser 

Silicon PIN 

photo diode 

The 100 m W air launched laser provides the light source for the system. 

The laser provides very high power density at the illuminated sample by 

means of a narrow beam diameter (the t/ e2 diameter of the Gaussian 

beam profile is 0.08 mm). This small beam diameter also helps reduce the 

noise contributions of larger particulate contaminants (such as dust). The 

laser is oriented so that the incident beam is vertically polarized. A beam 

monitor (laser monitor) is incorporated into the laser assembly. The 

output of this monitor can be displayed on the Main panel on the display. 

Read head 

assembly 

Figure 3-5: Read head and laser assemblies 

Laser assembly 

Laser monitor 

detector 

Fiber to 

SPCM detector 

3.7.1 Laser Beam Warning 

M3300Rev. A 

Under normal operating conditions the laser beam is entirely contained 

within the read head. A laser interlock ensures that when the instrument 

door is opened, the laser is disabled. 

Caution! 

Do not attempt to defeat laser interlocks. 

Do not insert finger or mirror into sample cell cavity 

for any reason. 

Refer to Appendix A for laser specifications. 

3-9 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3-10 

3.7.2 Laser Monitors 

The software uses the laser monitor signals to normalize the scattering 

signals relative to incident laser beam power. The method involves 

splitting the beam at its source and dividing background corrected values 

by the split signal. The normalization factor 10-the incident intensity, is 

proportional to the beam emitted from the front of the laser and is 

obtained from the beam splitter on the laser assembly. The Laser 

Monitor and the Forward Monitor signals are displayed as a 

percentage of intensity. Zero percent means no light is detected. If the 

Laser Monitor signal differs from the Laser Power set point by more than 

10% the Laser Monitor alarm will activate. The laser may have reached 

the end of its useful lifetime. Please contact technical support at Wyatt 

Technology. 

• The Laser Monitor measures the intensity of the beam at the laser 

assembly before it enters the cell. 

• The Forward Monitor enables the DynaPro NanoS tar to measure 

transmitted light through the sample cell and sample. The primary 

usage of the forward monitor is simply as a diagnostic tool to determine if there are bubbles or other foreign particles in the cell. This 

signal is useful for measuring absorbing samples, which attenuate the 

beam intensity. The forward monitor measures the attenuation and 

can be used to determine the actual intensity at the center of the cell, 

where the scatter is measured. 

Laser Drive Current signal is used to gauge the lifetime of the 

laser. As the laser ages, the current required to provide a constant 

intensity slowly increases. The laser current is measured in mA and 

its initial value is recorded on the Certificate of Performance (COP) 

delivered with the instrument. When the current reaches a value of 

30% higher than the initial value, the DynaPro NanoStar will switch 

from an intensity mode, to a constant current mode. In the constant 

current mode, the laser intensity will begin to decrease and the signal 

to noise ratio will begin to degrade. The instrument will still provide 

accurate data, but it indicates that the laser is nearing its maximum 

usable lifetime and the instrument should be serviced. The DynaPro 

NanoStar also measures Laser Voltage, which is a diagnostic that 

Wyatt Technical Service can use to track laser ageing. 

M3300Rev. A 
Read Head and Detectors 

3.8 Read Head and Detectors 

SLS silicon 

PIN diode 

In the read head (Figure 3-6), the sample cell is held precisely, scattered 

light is collimated, and the detectors are aligned in their proper positions. 

Laser 

beam 

I 

==-::::__ ____ Forward 

laser 

monitor 

Figure 3-6: DynaPro NanoSfar read head 

Fiber to DLS 

avalanche 

photodiode 

3.8.1 Read Head Structure 

M3300 Rev. A 

The DynaPro NanoStar has two light scattering detectors, both at 90 

degrees to the beam. One is used for static scattering, and one is used for 

dynamic scattering. The static scattering detector is a silicon PIN 

photodiocle, which is used because it has low noise and a wide dynamic 

range. The static scattering detector creates an analog signal which is 

measmed by a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter at a rate of 1 sample/ 

second. 

The dynamic light scattering detector uses a single photon counting 

module to measure the time fluctuations of the scattering signal. This 

high speed detector can operate at up to 15 MHz and feeds the photon 

counts to a high speed digital correlator. 

The read head structure holds the two detectors and the photodiode with 

low gain amplifier for the Laser Forward Monitor detector, limits the 

sample field of view at the detectors, and minimizes stray light effects by 

means of its special structure. Since each detector's field of view is limited 

3-11 
Chapter 3: DynaPro NanoStar Components 

3-12 

by its own collimator, only the center of the illuminated sample scatters 

light into a given detector. A heavy aluminum mounting plate supports 

both the laser and the read head providing a single, stable optical bench. 

The optics have been aligned at the factory and need no adjustment. The 

DynaPro NanoStar Electronics Module converts the analog signals from 

the detectors to digital values with individual 24-bit analog to digital 

converters. Note that the instrument's major components are mounted on 

the steel sub-chassis, which also contains all power supplies (laser, 

meters, electronics) and fan assembly. 

M3300Rev. A 
This chapter describes how to set up the DynaPro NanoStar instrument 

and install DYNA1\1ICS software. 

CONTENTS 

4.1 Unpacking the DynaPro NanoStar .................... : ............................. 4-1 

4.2 Installing DYNAMICS Software ...................................................... 4-2 

4.2.1 System Requirements ............................................................... 4-2 

4.2.2 User Accounts with Restricted Privileges .................................. 4-2 

4.2.3 CD Contents .............................................................................. 4-2 

4.2.4 Installing the Software ............................................................... 4-3 

4.3 Installing the Instrument ................................................................. 4-4 

4.4 Checking Initial Hardware Configuration ........................................ 4-6 

4.5 Calibrating DynaPro NanoStar ............... ........................................ 4-7 

4.6 Connecting DYNAMICS to DynaPro NanoStar .............................. 4-8 

4. 7 Verifying Hardware and Experiment Parameters .......................... 4-1 0 

4.1 Unpacking the DynaPro NanoStar 

M3300Rev. A 

Please read the shipping parts list (packing slip) included with your 

instrument shipment and check that everything arrived in good condition. 

1. Carefully examine the shipping container. If it is damaged or shows 

signs of mishandling, 

CONTACT WYATT TECHNICAL SUPPORT IMMEDIATELY. 

2. Unpack the instrument. 

3. Place the DynaPro NanoStar on a level sm·face and inspect the cabinet 

for damage. If you see any damage, 

CONTACT WYATT TECHNICAL SUPPORT IMMEDIATELY. 

4. Check that the boxes contain all of the items listed as included with 

your instrument shipment in addition to the instrument (the packing 

slip sent with the instrument contains the most up·to·date list). 

4-1 
Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4.2 Installing DYNAMICS Software 

4-2 

DYNA.i\1ICS must be installed prior to connecting the DynaPro NanoStar 

to the PC. 

4.2.1 System Requirements 

As of the date of publication of this manual, the minimum system 

resources DYNAMICS requires are listed below. For current DYNAMICS 

system requirements please refer to our website; 

http://www.wyatt.com/solutions/software/system_requi..rements.cfm. 

Windows® XP Professional 32·bit edition or Windows 2000 Service 

Pack 2 or higher, with Internet Explorer version 5.5 or higher 

• Pentium IV or better processor 

2 GHz or better processor speed 

• 512MB ofRA.i\1 or better (1GB recommended) 

• At least 75MB of available hard-disk space 

• CD-ROM Drive (optional for installation) 

• Ethernet connection to a network 

4.2.2 User Accounts with Restricted Privileges 

If DYNA.l\IIICS is to be run from a user account with restricted privileges, 

it is necessary to install DYNA.l\IIICS under the account to be used. If 

DYNA.l\IIICS is installed globally, you must have Windows Power User 

privileges to run DYNA.l\IIICS. 

4.2.3 CD Contents 

Your installation CD includes the following items required to control the 

DynaPro NanoStar. 

• DYNAMICS software files 

• PDF file of the DYNAMICS User's Guide 

• PDF file of the DynaPro NanoS tar User's Guide for your hardware 

configuration 

• Software drivers related to the USB interface 

Additional software utilities 

M3300 Rev. A 
Installing DYNAMICS Software 

4.2.4 Installing the Software 

Install the software as follows: 

M3300Rev. A 

1. Restart your computer to ensure that no other programs are running, 

and that any previously installed DYNAMICS components are not 

running. 

2. Insert the DYNAMICS CD in your CD drive. On most systems, the 

DYNAMICS setup procedure will start automatically. 

If the setup procedure does not start automatically, use Windows 

Explorer or the Run dialog to run the setup.exe file in the DYNA1\1ICS 

folder on the CD. 

3. Answer the prompts in the setup procedure. 

4. To verify installation of DYNAMICS, open the Windows Start menu 

and look for Programs-7Wyatt Technology-7DYNAMICS 6.x.x. 

4-3 
Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4.3 Installing the Instrument 

NOTE: 

NOTE: 

4-4 

Once the software is installed on the PC, place the instrument within easy 

reach and viewing distance to the PC. Securely locate the DynaPro 

NanoStar on a stable lab bench free from excessive vibration, with 

approximately one foot of space on one side for sample preparation. 

Power Switch 

Figure 4-1: DynaPro NanoStar 

Note: Malle sure the DynaPro NanoStar is not located in direct sunlight. 

Best data will be achieved if the environment is stable to ± 1 °C or better a t 

an ambient temperature of 4°C to 40°C non condensing. 

To install the DynaPro NanoStar, do the following: 

1. Place the instrument on a flat, clean stu-face, standing on its feet and 

positioned to allow air flow through the back to keep its electronics 

cool. (See Chapter 8, "Periodic Maintenance" for more information 

about the required environment and how to keep the DynaPro 

NanoStar in peak condition.) 

Warm air is exhausted through the bottom of the DynaPro NanoStar. Do 

not stack the instrument on top of any temperature sensitive equipment. 

2. Make sure the supplied power plug is correct for the local power outlet. 

The DynaPro NanoStar is equipped with a universal power supply, 

which operates anywhere in the world. It accepts inlet voltages 

between 90-250V and line frequencies from 50-60Hz. 

M3300 Rev. A 
M3300 Rev. A 

Installing DYNAMICS Software 

3. Connect one end of the supplied ethernet cable to the ethernet port on 

the back of the DynaPro NanoS tar and the other end to yolll' local area 

network. Alternatively, you can use the optional ethernet-to·USB 

converter and connect to a USB port on the host computer. 

When the DynaPro NanoStar is on the local area network, it may be 

accessed and controlled from any machine on the network. When using 

the USB converter, it can be accessed only by the host computer. See 

Appendix H for more details about implications for network security 

from the two different configurations. 

4. Without a cuvette installed, switch on the laser from the front panel. 

The instrument should default to auto attenuation mode which will 

optimize the laser power and the fiber attenuation to maximum 

sensitivity. With no cuvette, it should default to 100% power and zero 

percent attenuation. This can be verified on the System tab. If the auto 

attenuation is turned off, it can be re- enabled on the System tab. 

OYNAPRO' NANOS TAR' 

I ASER PIIOTOMCTER us PAn·n .o~ ~n, 

(oUtY~ f.-AIL'(I M)f:i-1Vt113 4. Cl 

eRI ~•AtlUI M)(!l totll 

Ui~ \f ~l ('o'l f.01\.M-1Vt(I.C61 

0 11 (RPAfT•,tSP('t-.000 

fl-w3PAOOU; t tOI.tPL t!io \',lht 

llf*'SRAOtAl iOI'l PUFOIWM t 

s,r:'~ ~~C A 9UK"MAPJLR J 

Power Plug 

4 CE 

&:... __ntL I EH t0t~l EH6082Sol 

·--

Figure 4-2: DynaPro NanoStar Rear Panel Connections 

5. For Nitrogen Purge on Instruments operating below 20°C: 

While the instrument is warming up, attach a filtered, dry, oil free 

grade nitrogen line to the Nitrogen Purge connector on the back of the 

DynaPro NanoStar. Use the 90-degree fitting and the 10-inch 

Polyethylene tubing provided. The dry gas will flow into the sample 

cell and will minimize condensation in the sample cell. The pressure in 

the nitrogen line should be between 25 psi and 80 psi, depending on 

the local humidity. 

4-5 
Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4.4 Checking Initial Hardware Configuration 

4-6 

Prior to collecting light scattering measurements, DYNAMICS must be 

connected to the DynaPro NanoStar. 

To verify proper loading of the hardware parameters into the DYNAMICS 

software, select Tools~Hardware and examine the fields for the correct 

serial number and configurations of your DynaPro NanoS tar. 

1. Connect your DynaPro NanoStar and power it on. 

2. Start DYNA1\1ICS and choose Tools~Hardware. 

3. In the Edit Hardware screen, click Detect. 

Click here to detect 

and connect your 

DynaPro NanoStar 

(.) Ori)M qoirmu~ 

os Ur~1 

()Optics Bklckt 

Pr o~"<rlY 

Ho~t Semi Nl..nber 

Ho•tModtt 

lnshmert N>me 

rittnlllt'l$tr 

Lo1et W>Velet>j)l (rm) 

Optics Set >l ~.nl>et 

Optics ~blel 

Te r«~.r e Cofttoied 

V.\'611-tOt -OPII 

frue 

658 

10t-Cii'N 

~t¥ 

Tn.Je 

=:J . 

4. In the Instrument Detection 

screen, choose your instrument and 

click OK. 

ln;lrumenl Detection • ·-- ~ 

5. Click Save in the Edit Hardware 

screen. 

6. If a screen appem·s that says: The 

optics block specified already exists. 

Do you wish to overwrite these 

setting?, click Yes. 

7. Exit the Edit Hardware screen. 

(\tttd~d nstrll'l"l>!Ot~ 

~~se st~t tM ~t'A«k nst ~nts 

tn.t roo woui.J lr.e to OM: 

1 19Z·WPR 

99-\'IPR 

IOS·I'IPR 

19J·WPR 

I'IPR·PPR-<13 

101-tlPN 

~~;::2 

I 

02-1~'}1 

101-DF-N 

I Can<el Jl o;: 

M3300 Rev. A 
Calibrating DynaPro NanoStar 

4.5 Calibrating DynaPro NanoStar 

NOTE: 

M3300Rev. A 

The DynaPro NanoStar is shipped with a Certificate of Performance 

(COP) to verify that the instrument was not damaged during shipping. 

You can prepare a toluene sample and calibrate using the procedure 

described in the DYNAMICS User's Guide. 

1. Using the supplied DYNAMICS software, perform the appropriate 

steps to configure the instrument to communicate with the software. 

The laser in the DynaPro NanoStar is software controlled and can be 

turned on and off from the main page. 

2. After establishing communications, wait at least 30 minutes for the 

laser to warm up and stabilize. 

The forward monitor is calibrated to 100% power with Toluene in the 

cell. With the cell removed, the forward monitor will read greater than 

100% since there are no reflection loses. The laser monitor measures 

the intensity of the laser before the beam enters the cell. The laser's 

intensity is controlled via a feedback loop based on the laser monitor 

signal (see "System Panel" on page 5-11). The forward monitor 

measures laser intensity after the beam has passed through the 

sample. This value will be affected by absorption of the sample as well 

as reflection losses from the cuvette windows. Since the beam passes 

through many optical surfaces and fluid, the forward monitor is not 

nearly as stable as the laser monitor and therefore is used primarily as 

a diagnostic signal. For example, when performing measurements, the 

forward monitor is used to detect the presence of bubbles or foreign 

matter in the sample. 

3. Calibrate the DynaPro NanoStar using the DYNA.i\IIICS software. 

Prepare a toluene sample using chromatography grade toluene and 

0.02~lm Anatop filters. It is important the cell be clean and dust free 

for correct calibration. Filtered dusting gas is recommended. 

See the DYNAMICS User's Guide for instructions to configure 

communication with the instrument and perform the calibration 

measurement. 

4. Compare your calibration result with the value from the Certificate of 

Performance. 

Your calibration result should be within 5% of the value on the 

Certificate of Performance. 

4-7 
Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4.6 Connecting DYNAMICS to DynaPro NanoStar 

4-8 

When you create a new experiment to collect data, DYNA.tVIICS will 

automatically retrieve the unique hardware settings associated with your 

DynaPro NanoStar. If you are presented with the Original Hardware 

dialog when creating a new experiment, select Cancel. Then recheck the 

instrument connections and try to create a new experiment again. It is 

during this stage that the software autodetects the hardware settings. 

1. Start a New Experiment. 

To open a new Experiment Window, do one of the following: 

• Click the page icon on the main tool bar. 

• Select File~New from the main menu. 

Click here to 

start a new 

experiment 

Figure 4-3: Starting a New Experiment 

The Experiment Window is displayed. If this is the first time the 

softwa re has been used, the default experimental settings a re the 

factory settings. 

Connect to I Record button I Hardware 

button ..W.!l 

'l!!f"tbo l..-\ / -- 0 .. " ' ..Jgjl!) 

IT' _LJ ~ .Ll.Jsj 

i-1. . .. , ti. 1n 

I rv ... :o:X" 0!1 , .. --.. , ,_., 

--

U fl 

..... :J lwtttr•! 

""' "".~ . ....,., .. 0-ll "'~· .t .llt d .:-5.f'. ll: 11 41 J [oQfliV.-. ' ]f..) 

-1 fr.<~ Str~· ~! tc u 

I Status bar l 

Figure 4-4: Connecting DYNAMICS to the DynaPro NanoStar 

M3300Rev. A 
M3300Rev. A 

Connecting DYNAMICS to DynaPro NanoStar 

2. Click the Green _;ti Connect to Hardware button located on the 

DYNAMICS tool bar. 

When you click the Connect to Hardware button, DYNAMICS places 

new data into the current experiment file. Because the software can 

create more than one experiment, and more than one experiment can 

be opened at a time, it is necessm·y to instruct the software where to 

place new data. Additionally, Connect to Hardware verifies that the 

communications between the PC and DynaPro NanoStar are 

functioning properly. 

If the Connect to Hardware is successful, the Record Button becomes 

Green. The Status box will notify you of the status of the 

communications verification, reporting anY errors. 

4-9 
Chapter 4: Installation and Setup 

4. 7 Verifying Hardware and Experiment 

Parameters 

4-10 

Prior to recording data, the proper hardware must be selected, 

particularly when the DynaPro NanoStar has multiple optical 

compartments. Click the Hardware branch in the Tree View, select 

Hardware, and view the settings in the properties table on the right-hand 

side. Use the drop down arrows to change hardware configurations. 

Also, select the Parameters branch and review each branch. These 

parameters are described in detail in the DYNAMICS User's Guide. 

,, :::::1 .... ,.. 

.. l£1 ! , 

H Exp1 

11!1!1~111 Property Value 

Host 10 1-DPN i Host Serial Uuml>er 101-DPII 

Optics 10 1-DPN Optics Serial Uumber 101-DPII 

H Parameters r---

Fixed I 

Instrument 

Sol I vent 

Sample 

UserDeflned 

Names Connection Status 

Cuvette 

Measurements [Connected -I 

< 

Figure 4-5: Verifying Hardware 

"' I 

I 

; 

I 

I 

v 

> 

M3300 Rev. A 
M3300 Rev. A 

This chapter describes how to navigate and change settings in the 

DynaPro NanoStar Display. 

CONTENTS 

5.1 Navigating the Display Panels ........................................................ 5-2 

5.1 .1 Front panel button description ................................................... 5-2 

5.1.2 Instrument Alarm Status ............................................................ 5-3 

5.1.3 Audio Alarm ............................................................................... 5-3 

5.2 Main Panel.. .................................................................................... 5-4 

5.2.1 Selecting Display Settings for the X, Y Axes ............................. 5-4 

5.2.2 Adju.sting the Display Range ..................................................... 5-5 

5.2.3 Setting Cell Temperature ........................................................... 5-6 

5.2.4 Laser ......................................................................................... 5-6 

5.3 QELS Panel .................................................................................... 5-7 

5.3.1 Count Rate ................................................................................ 5-7 

5.3.2 Correlation Function .................................................................. 5-8 

5.3.3 Integration Time ........................................................................ 5-8 

5.3.4 APD Status ................................................................................ 5-9 

5.4 Alarm Panel .................................................................................... 5-10 

5.5 System Panel ................................................................................. 5-11 

5.5.1 Cell Temperature ....................................................................... 5-11 

5.5.2 Attenuator .................................................................................. 5-11 

5.5.3 Auto Attenuate ........................................................................... 5-1 1 

5.5.4 Laser Power(%) ........................................................................ 5-12 

5.5.5 Set Time .................................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.6 Language .................................................................................. 5-12 

5.5.7 Zero Dark Offsets ...................................................................... 5-12 

5.5.8 Restart lSI ................................................................................. 5-12 

5.5.9 Load Factory Defaults ............................................................... 5-12 

5.5.10 Restart Instrument.. ................................................................... 5-12 

5.6 Comm Panel ................................................................................... 5-13 

5-1 
Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5.1 Navigating the Display Panels 

You navigate through the Display Panels using the buttons to the right of 

the Display. 

M~ln ~~~ Comm I NanoStar" ~v 

Cell Temper~ture ::J ,------, 

Panel tabs I Time: It 0 min ::J IForw~rd Monitor ::J 

w Auto Scale Set Scale . w Auto Sc~le Set Scale I 

00.0· 

~ 

:'! 

~ 00.0 

.. 

a.. 

e 

II 

tGi 40.0 · 

(.) 

20.0 

10.36M1 10.38M1 IOAOAM 

Cell Temp.('CJ ~ Ala ~ I / '"' I; 1 

Temperature Instrument 

Lock Alarm Alarm Status 

10.42M1 

Figure 5-1: Main display panel 

5.1.1 Front panel button description 

Esc-left and right arrows navigate through the 

Panel tabs. 

Esc and the number of the Panel tab (1 through 5) 

selects the first field in that Panel. 

10.44M1 

Tab cycles through various fields in the cmrent Panel. 

Esc-Tab selects the first field in the current Panel. 

Enter displays the options of the selected field with 

the current option selected. Use the arrow keys to 

change the option, and then Enter to select. 

If the field is a check box, Enter toggles the option. 

002 

., 

0.00 ~ a. 

-002 

~ 

-004 

NOTE: If you miss a field, press Esc and restart Tabbing through the fields. 

5-2 M3300Rev. A 
Navigating the Display Panels 

5.1 .2 Instrument Alarm Status 

The instrument alarm status indicator will light to indicate operating 

conditions or hazards that may need your attention. Refer to "Alarm 

Panel" on page 5-10. 

Color Meaning 

Yellow Not ready 

Green Ready 

Red Hazard 

5.1.3 Audio Alarm 

M3300Rev. A 

The DynaPro NanoStar will sound an audible alarm when a potential 

hazard is detected. Hazards include: 

vapor or liquid leak is detected 

an over temperature condition is detected 

To turn off the audible alarm: 

• Display the Alarm panel. Tab to the Audio Alarm checkbox and press 

Enter to uncheck the Audio Alarm box. 

To enable the audible alarm: 

Press Enter again to check the Audio Alarm box. 

5-3 
Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5.2 Main Panel 

5-4 

The Main panel contains the most commonly used DynaPro NanoStar 

functions. The display shows graphical representations of two of the data 

streams collected by the instrument. One data stream is displayed in red 

on the right axis and other is displayed in blue on the left axis. 

5.2.1 Selecting Display Settings for the X, Y Axes 

You can select the data channel you want displayed in each axis. 

Left y-axis selector 

LS Detector 

Forwnrd Monitor 

Laser Monitor 

Laser Drive Current 

N2 Pressure 

~ 25.2 

~ 

" 

~ 25.0 1--------IV 

"' E 

" 1- 24.8 a; 

Q 

24.6 

12.04 PM 12 00 PM 12.00 PM 

IC'dt Temp.('C) 

!set . f25.00 25.00 ] [ Marm _j 

Right y-axis selector 

Nanostar"e~,..tt:.~ocn~v 

Laser Monitor 

w Auto Scale Set Scale 

100 0 

r 

C/1 

~ 

!1: 

0 

50 0 " =

~ · 

~ 

00 

12 10 PM 1212 PM 

Figure 5-2: Main panel 

Left and Right Y-axis Selectors 

Tab to the field and press Enter to display the data channels. 

Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the parameters. 

Press Enter to select. 

The leftY-axis data channel displays in blue; the right Y·axis data 

channel displays in red. 

X-axis Selector 

The X-axis selector sets the time range from 10 minutes to 2 hours. To 

change the time, see the Set Time field under "System Panel" on page 5-

11. 

M3300Rev. A 
Main Panel 

5.2.2 Adjusting the Display Range 

M3300 Rev. A 

You can adjust the range displayed in the graph in a variety of ways. This 

also applies to the Set Scale button in the Batch Panel. 

To use the zoom and pan buttons: 

1. Tab to the Set Scale button. 

The zoom/pan buttons are displayed. 

2. Press the left arrow to zoom in. 

3. Press the right arrow to zoom out. 

4. Press the up arrow to pan up. 

5. Press the down arrow to pan down. 

Tab to here 

to display 

the zoom/ 

pan buttons 

Pan up 

Zoom In ~ Zoom o"l 

Pan down 

W Auto Scale Set Scale 

25.4 

g 25.2 

.. 

:; 

~ 25.0 ~- -- w <>. 

e 

., 

1-- 24.8 

;; 

(..) 

24.6 

1204 PM 12.05 PM 12 08 PM 12.10PM 12.12 PM 

Figure 5-3: Zoom and pan buttons 

100.0 

0 

0 0 

5-5 

QELS Panel 

5.3 QELS Panel 

This section describes the QELS Panel in the DynaPro NanoStar display. 

5.3.1 Count Rate 

M3300 Rev. A 

The Count Rate contains the raw signals for each of the light-scattering 

detectors and the photon count rate for the QELS detector. 

Time 

The Time field sets the time range of the X-axis. 

Main ~~-"C-"'om.!!!m.!!..L.I ___ _ NanoStar" ~v 

I count Rate ::J 

~ Auto Scale Set Scale I 

2.5x10e6 

2.0x10e6 

'N' 

~ 1.5x10e6 ., 

1; 

ct: 1.0x10e6 ... 

" 0 

(.) 5.0x1 0e5 

0.0 

/,, 

WYATIOELS 

12.U6 PM 12.08 PM 12:10 PM 

Integration Time (s) 15.03 Count Rate (Hz): 1041316 

60" APD Status 

Figure 5-5: Count Rate 

Time: 110 min ::J 

1212 PM 12:14 PM 

~D 

5-7 
Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5-8 

5.3.2 Correlation Function 

The Correlation Function displays the intensity correlation curve for a 

single slice of QELS data, which is the raw dynamic light scattering data 

from which the hydrodynamics properties are derived. 

The QELS measures the correlation function, which is a statistical 

measurement of how the scattered intensity fluctuates. It is a function of 

't , which is a time difference. For large values of 't, the correlation function 

approaches 1.0, indicating that the light intensity at time tis unconelated 

to the intensity at time t + 't. For smaller values of 't, the correlation 

function increases, indicating that the scattered intensity is correlated. 

The time difference at which the correlation function transitions from 

being correlated to being uncorrelated is related to the molecular diffusion 

coefficient. Small particles diffuse rapidly giving to rapid fluctuations of 

the scattered light which will have a short correlation time. 

Correspondingly, large particles diffuse slowly and have a long correlation 

time. 

See the DYNAMICS User's Guide for a more detailed explanation of the 

physics of QELS. 

5.3.3 Integration Time 

Integration Time is the QELS sample rate, in seconds, of each QELS 

measurement. The integration time can be set in increments of the 

minimum time of 0.105 seconds. Integration times of up to 3600 seconds 

can be set, but are rarely used. Typical values range up to 10 sec. The 

instrument will round off the set time to the nearest multiple of 0.105 sec. 

The collection rate depends on the sample concentration and molecule 

size. In general, the value chosen should be proportional to expected size, 

times the concentration. If one has a concentrated sample and a small 

size, one should choose a sample rate of 1 second. Otherwise, longer 

sample times should be chosen to improve the measurement statistics. 

The integration time selects the time for each measurement. The 

correlation function measurement is averaged for a time equal to the 

integration time. The longer the integration time, the more accurate is the 

result. However, if one sets a long integration time, the probability of the 

measurement being contaminated by dust increases. 

As an aid to setting the integration time, intermediate results are 

displayed in r ed every one second. They get progressively more accurate 

(less noisy) as time progresses. After the measurement is complete, it is 

plotted in blue, and the new intermedia tes are plotted. The slider on the 

bottom shows the percent complete of the measurement. 

Delay Time 

The delay time is the horizontal axis of the correlation function graph. It is 

always less than the integration time. 

M3300Rev. A 
QELS Panel 

Main [OEi:SiiAiarm I system I Comm I NanoStar"- Y I correlation Function :::J -'---;::===----- --/ 1, 

w Auto Scale Set Scale I WYATI OElS 

Time: 11 0 min :::J 

1.15 

c 

0 

'11 

c: 1.10- :s 

u. 

c: 

.!! 

;; 1.05 

~ 0 

(,) 

1.00 

le-OC6 1e-005 0.0001 0 .00 I 001 0.1 

Dolay limo (s) 

Integration Time (s) [5.ii3 Count Rate (Hz): 1058368 

50" APD St•tus DD 

Figure 5-6: Correlation function 

5.3.4 APD Status 

M3300 Rev. A 

The avalanche photodiocle (APD) contains an internal Peltier cooler that 

cools the active element to provide improved performance. When it is first 

powered on, the detector is especially susceptible to damage from overillumination. 

The Wyatt QELS is equipped with an APD protection circuit that will shut 

off the APD in the event of over illumination. The correlator hardware 

continuously monitors the count rate of the APD. If, at any point, it 

exceeds lOMHz, for more than 1 msec, it will shut down the detector to 

prevent damage. This is referred to as an APD alert. It will automatically 

restart during the next measurement. 

Caution! 

Room light can damage the QELS detector, so it is 

important to power off the DynaPro NanoS tar anytime 

you are making connections to the instrument, 

especially if there is the potential to expose the APD to 

light. 

5-9 
Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5.4 Alarm Panel 

The Alarm panel displays sensor information and lets you adjust alarm 

settings. An alarm history is shown of the last few alarms and the time at 

which they occurred. 

~OElS Aiarm lsystemJ c~om~m~l ______ __ NanoStar" ~v 

P Audio Alarm 

Alarm history 11-05-2008 10:39:29 laser Interlock 

text box ~ 11-05-2008 10:30:39 l aser Interlock 

11-05-2008 1 0:36:44las er Interlock 

11-05-2008 10:35:27 Cell Temperature lock 

11-05-2008 10:35:09 l aser Interlock 

[1eu Temperature: 64-.7-2'-C _______ J 

1 

~2 Pressure: 0 psi 

Figure 5-7: Alarm panel 

Auto Attenuating 

Overheat 

Cell Temperature lock 

laser Inte rlock 

----- ' 

Disposable Cuvette 

To t urn off, enable, or disable the audio alarm, display the Ala1·m Panel, 

Tab to the Audio Alarm field, then Enter to toggle the option. 

Auto Attenuating is triggered when the door is closed and the auto 

attenuation switch is set. (See See "System Panel" on page 5-1 1.) The 

alarm is active during this process, which can take up to 2 seconds. 

• Overheat is triggered if the read head ever exceeds 170°C 

Cell temperature loeb: shows if the cell temperatme is locked 

• N2 pressure is triggered when the temperature is set to less than 

20°C, but the nitrogen pressure is less than 20 psi. In this case, the 

alarm activates and resets the system temperature to 20.5°C. This 

prevents condensation from damaging the optics if the nitrogen connection is not made, or if the tank runs empty. 

• Laser Monitor: If the Laser Monitor signal differs from the Laser 

Power set point by more than 10% the Laser Monitor alarm will activate. The laser may have reached the end of its useful lifetime. 

Laser Interlock: The laser interlock switch is activated indicating 

that the lid is open. 

• Disposable Cuvette: indicates that the disposable cuvette adapter 

block is installed in the sample cell and the temperature will be 

limited to no more than 80°C to avoid damage to plastic cuvettes. 

5-10 M3300 Rev. A 
System Panel 

5.5 System Panel 

The System panel contains additional options for some of the selections on 

the Main panel. 

Cell Temperature: 25.00'C 

Set to I 25.00 'C 

Attenuator - ---::==---. Attenuation 1"1 liJ.ii 

r Auto Attenuate 

Laser Power l"'lliiD.iJ LanguageiEngllsh :.:J 

Zero Dark Offsets I 

Serial Number: 1 OO·DPN • Restart lSI 

Flrmwore Version: 2.2.1.17 Load Factory Default I 

Restart Instrument 

Figure 5-8: System Panel 

5.5.1 Cell Temperature 

The cell temperature displays the measmed temperature of the sample 

cell. You can set the temperatme by selecting the Set to field, typing the 

desired value, then Enter. The sample cell can be cooled or heated, 

between +4 and + 150°C. 

5.5.2 Attenuator 

You can select Auto Attenuate or manually set an Attenuation factor. 

During Auto Attenuate, the system adjusts the fiber attenuator and laser 

intensity to give optimal signal levels for a given sample concentration. 

Weakly scattering samples will have maximum laser power and minimum 

fiber attenuation to give the best sensitivity. Strongly scattering samples 

are attenuated to prevent the detector from satmating. This gives the 

instrument the widest range of size and concentration. 

5.5.3 Auto Attenuate 

M3300 Rev. A 

The auto attenuation algol'ithm adjusts the laser intensity to ensme that 

the static scattering signal is on scale (less than lOV). Since the SLS 

detector has such a wide range, this usually means that the laser is left at 

100%. 

5-11 
Chapter 5: Using the Display 

5-12 

Next the fiber attenuator is adjusted to put the DLS detector on scale. The 

target count rate is set by parameters in the firmware, but can be changed 

if necessary. Factory default is set to one Mcps. Please contact technical 

support at Wyatt Technology for more information. 

If the fiber attenuator reaches its maximum attenuation (99.999%), then 

the laser power is reduced further until it reaches 10% laser power. 

5.5.4 Laser Power (%) 

You can control the laser power if this function is enabled (iliternal jumper 

control). This control is greyed out if the function is not enabled. 

Although you can set the laser power below 10%, it isn't recommended. 

The problem is that if the laser drops below the lasing threshold. It will 

continue to produce light as an LED, but the results could be inaccurate 

because the LED light is not as monochromatic nor as well polarized as 

the laser. 

5.5.5 Set Time 

Set Time sets the time displayed in the X-axis of the graph. 

5.5.6 Language 

You can set the language of the user interface to English or other 

supported languages. 

5.5. 7 Zero Dark Offsets 

The DynaPro NanoStar measures the dark offsets of the detectors, the 

Laser Monitor, and the Forward Monitor. It does this by turning the laser 

off for 10 seconds, measming the dark offsets, and readjusting the offset 

for each detector so that dark measures as 0. 

5.5.8 Restart lSI 

Restart lSI is used to restart or reset the instrument communication in 

the event that a remote client, such as DYNA1\1ICS or the Diagnostic 

manager, loses its communication to the instrument. 

5.5.9 Load Factory Defaults 

Load Factory Defaults is used to reset the instrument to the settings 

installed when the instrument was shipped. 

5.5.1 0 Restart Instrument 

Restart Instrument turns off the DynaPro NanoStar and turns it back on. 

This is typically used only when installing a firmware update. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Comm Panel 

5.6 Comm Panel 

M3300 Rev. A 

The Comm panel allows you to connect to a computer network. 

.M!!!LJ OE"""Ls=-:1 =AI=8r=m=l=s=yst = =em=-'=l ::::::=::=::":::=======- i'::::_ :_ _--, Y InstrumentName: 

IP address: 

Sub net mask: 

Mode: 

Wyatl-1 01-DPN 

172.20.2.65 

255.255.0.0 

Automatic 

Configure Ethernet--------------------, 

r. Obt8ln 8n IP 8ddress 8Uiomatlc8lly 

r Use the following IP address: 

IP Address: 1 . - -~ 

Subnel Mask: 1.--------=_j 

''''"'Y 11 neve•• 

Figure 5-9: Comm 

Obtain an IP address automatically - Once the instrument is 

connected to a computer or LAN, the IP address and subnet mask will be 

assigned automatically. This option requires that the network has a 

DHCP server. When using DHCP, it may take several minutes for the IP 

address to be assigned. During this time, the IP address and subnet mask 

will read 0.0.0.0. Once the IP address and subnet mask have been 

assigned, both will be automatically updated, and should no longer read 

0.0.0.0. At this point, it should be possible to connect to the instrument 

from the computer. 

Use the following IP address: -If you wish to use a static IP address 

and subnet mask, please contact your IT department to obtain a valid 

address and mask. Enter the information into the IP address and subnet 

mask fields. 

5-13 
Chapter 5: Using the D. 1spay I 

5-14 M3300Rev. A 
M3300Rev. A 

This chapter describes how to prepare samples for light scattering 

measurements. As you will soon discover, the light scattered from a 

solution of particles is very sensitive to sample impurities and dust. It is 

important to develop standard procedures for preparing samples and 

collecting measurements. 

CONTENTS 

6.1 Cleaning the Cuvette ....................................... : .............................. 6-2 

6.1.1 Cleaning Tips ............................................................................. 6-2 

6.2 Filtering Samples ............................................................................ 6-3 

6.2.1 Filtering Options ........................................................................ 6-3 

6.3 Spinning the Sample ....................................................................... 6-4 

6.4 Filling the Cuvette ........................................................................... 6-4 

6.4.1 Loading Tips ...................................... ........................................ 6-4 

6.6 Sample Preparation Troubleshooting ............................................. 6-6 

6-1 
Chapter 6: Preparing Samples 

6.1 Cleaning the Cuvette 

6-2 

Light scattering measurements are extremely sensitive to the presence of 

dust and/or non-miscible impurities in the sample solution. It is 

imperative that the light scattering cuvette be clean and dust free prior to 

sample loading. 

Recommended cleaning procedures for the quartz cuvettes used in 

DynaPro NanoStar instruments ar e as follows. 

1. Using a plastic transfer pipette, flush the cuvette multiple times with 

a mild surfactant or soap solution, for example, 1% Triton X 100, to 

remove any dust and/or residual impurities from the interior cuvette 

surfaces. 

2. Rinse the cuvette several times with filtered deionized water. 

3. With the cuvette in an inverted position, dry the interior using filtered 

dry compressed air. 

4. Check the exterior surface of the cuvette windows, and remove any 

smudges or fingerprints using a clean piece of lens paper. Note, that 

tissues and other labora tory wipes can scratch the surface of the 

cuvette and are not recommended. 

5. Using filtered dry compressed air, remove any dust from the surface of 

the cuvette cap, replace the cap, and then set the cuvette aside until 

ready for use. 

6.1.1 Cleaning Tips 

• One cleaner we have had good success with is Hellmanex. 

See http://www.hellma-worldwide.com/text/197/enlhellma nex%C2%AE-ii.html. 

• Concentrated acids and bases can etch the cuvette surface and are not 

recommended. 

Organic solvents have been known to leave a thin residue on the 

cuvette surface. Hence, the use of acetone or ethanol as a means of 

drying t he cuvette interior is not recommendedunless they are of very 

high purity. 

If the cuvette is still not clean after flushing with soap, as a last resort 

one may use an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaner can cause 

the sintered seams of the cell to break although this is very rare. 

M3300Rev. A 
Filtering Samples 

6.2 Filtering Samples 

6.2.1 

M3300 Rev. A 

The question of whether or not to filter a sample is commonly raised by 

researchers using light scattering instrumentation. The standard 

argument is that "if I filter my sample, I'm not really measuring the 

original sample." To a very limited extent, this argument is correct, and if 

you want to see whether or not you've got some very large "stuff' in youl' 

sample, then you should avoid filtering. It must be recognized however, 

that very large stuff includes dust, which really isn't an integral 

component of the analyte. If you find yourself questioning whether or not 

to use a filter, remember the following: 

The upper size limit for dynamic light scattering is dependent upon a 

variety of factors, principle of which is the diameter of the laser beam 

in the scattering volume. The beam size is set to 80~un so that we can 

measure above lJ.tm. If you operate at very low concentration, it is 

worth computing how many particles are in the beam at once. If the 

particles that you're attempting to measure are big, compared to the 

beam diameter, you're likely to encounter number fluctuations, which 

means that the number of particles within the scattering volume 

during the course of the measurement is not constant. While the 

presence of number fluctuations will tell you that you have large particles in the sample, you will not be able to get a size or mass 

distt·ibu tion. 

Dust or non-sample contaminants are typically very large, and can 

usually be removed with a 0.45 ~tm filter. For smaller size analytes 

such as proteins, the pore size for this filter is sufficiently large to pass 

all of your true sample. 

If you're working with larger particles, such as gold and silver colloids, 

macromolecular assemblies, and (some) polymers, the scattering from 

the sample itself is sufficient to counter any scattering contribution 

from dust particles (assuming reasonable care is taken during your 

sample preparation, such as filtered solvent, clean cuvette, etc.). As 

such, number fluctuations arising from dust are less likely to be 

observed, since the scattering contribution is virtually negligible. 

The upper size range limit for the DynaPro NanoStar is 1 ~un radius. 

Filtering Options 

If you need to filter your sample, you have several options: 

If you have less than 300 ~tL of sample to use for a light scattering 

measurement, then use the NanoFilter, with a dead volume less than 

5 ~tL. Precious sample loss is minimized. In addition, the NanoFilter 

has been designed to make sample recovery and refiltration simple. 

• If you have more than 300 ~tL of sample, use a traditional syringe 

filter. Traditional disposable syringe filters are easier to use than the 

NanoFilter, and it is not necessary to clean them before use. 

6-3 
Chapter 6: Preparing Samples 

6.3 Spinning the Sample 

Rather than filtering, many DynaPro NanoStar users prefer to centrifuge 

their samples. As a consequence of the centripetal force, larger dust 

particles migrate to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, thereby eliminating 

the need to remove the dust particles via standard filtration techniques. 

Recommended spin rates and times vary with the sample. However, 10-15 

minutes at 3000 RPM is typical. When removing the sample for loading, 

remember that only the top portion of the sample is dust free. 

Because of the volume control, a Pipetman works best for transferring the 

sample from the centrifuge tube to the cuvette. Dust can be removed from 

the pipette tip with filtered dry compressed air. 

6.4 Filling the Cuvette 

6-4 

The sample is loaded into the DynaPro 

NanoStar cuvette by placing the needle 

or pipette tip all the way to the bottom of 

the cuvette and dispensing the specified 

volume of sample. Be careful not to 

scratch the cuvette window when placing 

the needle into the cuvette. 

Note that the standard cuvette is 10).11 

(lx1x10 mm), You need to fill the cell 

with enough sample to avoid a meniscus 

in the cell, up to 20ul, or you can cover 

the sample with a small quantity of 

mineral or silicone oil. The oil will also 

prevent evaporation when operating at 

high temperatures. 

6.4.1 Loading Tips 

Figure 6-1: Loading the Cuvette 

If you encounter bubble problems, try slowly pulling the needle tip 

upwards as the sample is dispensed. 

• While not pictured above, a 100 ).IL pipetman with capillary tips also 

works well for loading cuvettes, especially if you choose to centrifuge, 

rather than filter your sample. If you use a pipetman, it's recommended that you blow any dust out of the tip with compressed air, 

prior to filling with sample. 

• The bowl at the top of the cuvette window tends to collect dust. We recommend that you place only enough sample in the cuvette to fill the 

window. 

M3300Rev. A 
Loading the DynaPro NanoSiar 

6.5 Loading the DynaPro NanoStar 

NOTE: 

M3300Rev. A 

When loading the cuvette into the DynaPro NanoStar, you should note 

that there is one flattened corner on the cuvette. This corner of the cuvette 

must be positioned to the left front side of the optics block. 

Close the lid of the DynaPro NanoStar gently and slowly to avoid shaking 

the cuvette or sample. Do not slam the door. 

After seating the cuvette in the DynaPro NanoStar optics block, gently 

close the lid to activate the laser. Once the lid is closed again, the laser is 

t•e-enabled. A warm up time of up to 30 seconds may be required before the 

laser is functional. If you are performing measurements at a temperature 

other than ambient, closing the cell lid will also restart the temperature 

lock timer. The temp lock light will go green after the cell has been within 

0.05°C for two minutes. You are now ready to begin collecting light 

scattering data. 

Flattened Corner 

Figure 6-2: Loading the DynaPro NanoStar 

6-5 
Chapter 6: Preparing Samples 

6.6 Sample Preparation Troubleshooting 

6-6 

When I load the cuvette, I still occasionally get a bubble, even 

when pulling the needle tip upwards during loading. 

This is a common problem with low-volume cuvettes. Try tipping the 

needle into one of the corners of the cuvette window. Also, insert the 

needle all the way to the bottom of the cuvette and slowly inject the 

sample. This "bottom up" app1·oach helps avoid trapping air bubbles. 

Many times, that will 'pop' the bubble. 

Tapping the cuvette gently against the tabletop can also help dislodge 

bubbles. Of course care must be taken not to damage the cuvette or to 

"splash" the sample. 

Also avoid dripping the sample down the side of the ground glass inlet 

section of the cuvette, as this can sometimes introduce dust into an 

otherwise clean sample. 

Bubbles are often a sign of a cell that is not scrupulously clean. If they are 

persistent, try cleaning the cell with Hellmanex. See "Cleaning Tips" on 

page 6-2. 

M3300 Rev. A 
M3300 Rev. A 

This chapter describes how to prepare and fill the cuvette with a BSA 

sample and record data. It assumes you have set up the equipment, 

installed DYNAl\1ICS software, and have the software and hardware up 

and running 

CONTENTS 

7.1 Prepare and Fill Cuvette with BSA Sample .................................... 7-2 

7 .1.1 Preparing the Cuvette ............................................................... 7-2 

7.1.2 Filling the Cuvette ...................................................................... 7-2 

7.2 Load the Cuvette into the DynaPro NanoStar ................................ 7-3 

7.3 Wait for Equilibrium ........................................................................ 7-3 

7.4 Check the Count Rates .................................................................. 7-4 

7.5 Record Data ................................................................................... 7-4 

7.6 Compare your Results ............................ ....................................... 7-4 

7-1 
Chapter 7: Collecting Data 

7.1 Prepare and Fill Cuvette with BSA Sample 

7-2 

Prepare a quartz cuvette for light scattering measurements as follows: 

7.1.1 Preparing the Cuvette 

1. Clean it thoroughly with a mild detergent and rinse with deionized 

water. 

2. Dry with filtered dry compressed air. 

3. Carefully break open the glass BSA Ampoule and transfer the BSA 

into an Eppendorf or vial with cap. Dispose of the glass ampoule. 

4. Attach the enclosed syringe needle to the 1-ml syringe. Insert the 

syringe needle into the container of BSA, and extract approximately 

100 ~tL of solution. 

5. Remove the needle, attach a 0.02 ~lm filter to the syringe, replace the 

needle, and push out the air pocket. 

6. Dispense 2-3 drops through the filter and needle into a waste 

container to remove any potential dust and/or bubbles from the 

interior of the filter and needle. 

Figure 7-1: Removing the Needle 

7.1.2 Filling the Cuvette 

1. Hold the cuvette so that you can 

view the sample clearly. 

2. Insert the syringe needle until 

it reaches the bottom of the 

sample chamber. 

3. Dispense BSA into the chamber 

until it fills the apertme. It is 

okay to overfill the chamber; 

however, when working with 

precious samples you will want to 

avoid overfilling. If you have 

problems with bubbles, try 

placing the needle in a corner 

and slowly pulling the needle 

upward as you dispense the BSA 

into the chamber Figure 7-2: Cuvette 

M3300Rev. A 
Prepare and Fill Cuvette wit/1 BSA Sample 

7.2 Load the Cuvette into the DynaPro NanoStar 

Prior to loading the cuvette into the DynaPro NanoStar, wipe any 

fingerprints or dust from the cuvette, being careful to avoid scratching the 

surface. Lens paper is recommended. 

Note that there is one flattened corner on the DynaPro NanoStar cuvette. 

When the cuvette is loaded, this corner of the cuvette must be positioned 

to the left front side of the optics block. 

Flattened Corner 

Figure 7-3: Loading the DynaPro NanoStar 

When you're ready to begin data collection, close the lid to activate the 

laser. 

7.3 Wait for Equilibrium 

M3300 Rev. A 

If your sample is being measured near room temperature it will take about 

two minute to reach thermal equilibration and achieve temp lock. If your 

sample is being measured at a high or a low temperature, several minutes 

may be required to reach thermal equilibration. 

While waiting, make sure the count rates are more than the pure solvent 

count rate by checking the count rate monitor. 

7-3 
Chapter 7: Collecting Data 

7.4 Check the Count Rates 

As a first step to recording data, we recommend viewing the count rate 

monitor to verify proper loading of the sample and cuvette. You check the 

count rate by clicking the B button in the DYNA1\1ICS menu bar to 

display the Instrument Control Panel. 

Consult the Certificate of Performance that comes with your DynaPro 

NanoStar for count rates. If the counts are very low (below 1000): verify 

that the lid is closed; the cuvette is inserted with the frosted side to the 

left; and that the BSA is properly loaded, without any bubbles. Make sure 

the laser has warmed up sufficiently. Once the lid is closed and the laser is 

turned on, a wait time of up to 30 seconds may be required before the laser 

is functional. 

If the counts are fluctuating by more than 20% then remove the cuvette 

and check for visible bubbles or floaters in the BSA sample. It may be 

necessary to clean the cuvette and reload the BSA. If the problem persists, 

continue with the next step, recording data, and email your data to Wyatt 

Technology for technical assistance. 

7.5 Record Data 

To begin recording data, click the green record button on the DYNAl\IIICS 

tool bar. The button will then turn red, a new measurement will be added 

to the Tree View, and data will begin filling the table in the Grid View. 

The mean and standard deviation (8) for each column will be given in the 

Statistics Table. The buttons to the left of the Record button can be used to 

view the data in different display formats. After you've collected 20 sample 

acquisitions (Acq), click the red button to stop the data recorder, and select 

File~Save to save the data file. 

7.6 Compare your Results 

7-4 

You can compare your BSA results to those on the certificate of 

performance shipped with instrument. In particula1·, the count rates and 

BSA radius should agree with the certificate of performance values to 

within 10%. 

When finished, you can save your experiment using the File Save 

command on the menu bar. 

M3300 Rev. A 
M3300 Rev. A 

This chapter outlines easy maintenance guidelines that will help keep 

your DynaPro NanoStar instrument trouble free. 

The DynaPro NanoStar has no user serviceable 

parts. For your safety, do not dismantle the 

instrument. Do not bypass any of the safety 

systems and interlocks that are in place for your 

health. If the instrument is not functioning properly, do not apply power. 

CONTENTS 

8.1 Cuvettes ......................................................................................... 8-2 

8.2 Outer Case ..................................................................................... 8-2 

8.3 Inlet Air Filters ................................................................................. 8-2 

8.4 Cooling Precautions ...................................................................... 8-2 

8-1 
Chapter 8: Periodic Maintenance 

8.1 Cuvettes 

If the clean water count rate from the cuvette appears to be higher than 

normal after repeatedly flushing with water, clean the cuvette with a mild 

detergent solution and then rinse thoroughly with deionized water until 

the correct clean water count rate is reached. When they are not in use, 

two cuvettes can be stored in the door of the DynaPro NanoStar or in the 

boxes supplied. 

8.2 Outer Case 

Periodically wipe down the outside case of the instrument with a clean, 

moist cloth to keep it free from dust or surface stains. 

8.3 Inlet Air Filters 

Periodically change or clean the two inlet air filters on the back panel. 

They can be cleaned with mild soap and water. Make sure to let them dry 

completely before reinstalling. There are two filters on the back panel. 

8.4 Cooling Precautions 

8-2 

The pattern of ventilation holes on the top of the instrument are cosmetic 

only. The air vents are all on the bottom. There is a cell fan that exhausts 

downwards, and a chassis exit vent that similarly exhausts under the 

computer. It is important that the DynaPro NanoStar not be stacked on 

other temperature sensitive equipment. 

We recommend that any time a problem arises, you should turn off the 

instrument immediately to avoid any possible damage, and refer to this 

manual or contact Wyatt Technology to identify the problem and resolve 

it. Some errors can cause damage to the intemal components if the user 

allows the instrument to be powered-up for extended periods of time 

before the problem is remedied. 

If you find a problem that is not described in this manual, or if the 

suggestions given here don't appear to work, please contact Wyatt 

Technology. 

M3300 Rev. A 
The DynaPro NanoStar contains a GaAs laser operating at a nominal 

wavelength of 658nm. 

The GaAs laser is a single transverse mode heterojunction that emits light 

at 658nm at a power of 120mW with 100mW delivered to the sample cell. 

Typically, diode lasers undergo periodic mode hops between different 

longitudinal modes which have slightly different efficiencies giving rise to 

sudden changes in intensity, however Wyatt Technology utilizes a 

patented intensity stabilization method which achieves a typical long term 

intensity stability of 0.1 %. 

It is suggested that the laser be allowed at least 30 minutes to warm up 

before taking data. 

CONTENTS PAGE 

A.1 Electrical and Optical Specifications ............................................... A-1 

A.2 Environmental Specifications and Safety Notes ............................. A-2 

A.1 Electrical and Optical Specifications 

Table A-1: Electrical and optical specifications 

GaAs 

Power Output lOOmW 

Laser Operating Wavelength 658nm 

Vertical Beam 1.0/ e

2 Intensity Diameter 80~m 

Horizontal Beam 1.0/ e

2 Intensity Diameter 52~m 

Polarization Ratio > 100:1 

Power Stability <0.5% 

Typical Optical Noise < 0.1% 

Typical Operating Voltage 2.4 VDC 

Typical Operating Current 100 mA 

M3300 Rev. A A-1 
Appendix: 

A.2 Environmental Specifications and Safety 

Notes 

NOTE: 

A-2 

Table A-2: Laser Environmental specifications 

GaAs GaAs NonOperatin gn Operatingb 

Temperature -40 to +85°C 15 to +50°C 

Relative 0-95% 10-85% Humidity 

Shock 1500 g- 0.5 ms 1500 g- 0.5 IllS 

Vibra tion 

(5 to 500Hz 2.0 g 2.0 g 

sinusoidal) 

a. Opt<rating refers to when the power is on. 

b. Non-operating refers to when the instnunent is being 

shipped or in storage (i.e., powered oft). 

The lasers used in the DynaPro NanoStar are Class Illb lasers. However 

the DynaPro NanoS tar itself is classified as a Class 1 Laser Product 

according to IEC60825-1:1993+Al+A2 and CFR Title 21 Subchapter J. 

Note these environmental specifications apply to the laser subsystem and 

not to the instnunent as a whole. This means that under normal 

operation, no laser radiation should escape from the instrument, and no 

protective equipment must be worn. However the follow cautions apply: 

Caution! 

Caution! 

Use of controls or adjustment or perfonnance of 

procedures other than specified herein may result in 

hazardous radiation exposure. 

Do not attempt to defeat laser interlocks. Do not insert finger or mirror into sample cell cavity 

for any reason. 

Laser safety labels are in English. If you need safely labels in a language 

other than English, please contact Wyatt Technology 

M3300Rev. A 
B 

M3300Rev. A 

Connecting to Network or PC 

These instructions contain a pictorial overview for connecting your 

DynaPro NanoStar to a computer for data collection. The instructions are 

divided into si.x sections: 

CONTENTS PAGE 

B.1 Components ................................................................................... B-2 

B.2 Connecting to a LAN ...................................................................... B-9 

B.3 Connecting via USB ....................................................................... B-13 

B.4 Connecting via Ethernet when not on a LAN .................................. B-16 

B.5 Instrument Network Settings .......................................................... B-19 

B.6 Trouble-shooting and diagnostics ................................................... B-20 

Please read over Section B.l to gain an understanding of the components 

to be used. Then read over either Section B.2, B.3, or B.4 depending on 

your configuration. Finally, read over Section B.5 for instrument settings. 

If you experienced problems connecting to your instrument, please read 

Section B.6 for diagnostics and trouble-shooting. 

B-1 
Appendix: 

8.1 Components 

B-2 

8 .1.1 Instrument connections: 

Figtu"e B-1 is a detail of the instrument back panel. The Ethernet port, 

designated with a yellow arrow, is to be used for all connections in these 

instructions. Please see Section B.3 for instructions on establishing a USB 

connection. 

~Y APRO NANOSfAR LASLR PHOTO.>,<ETCR uc-. P•n ..... .o~ t~n~ 

~ lt_I.JA"ifA Ikl MU .... ll 1tHJil 

efbll'iW'Ail ,f M)OI t 

'"" ~ Nm'1rt.Q/l t-1CI4t. 6 01'Hffti-A1l."ft6 n::NO•;Q 

l l"ti) F'M()(JUI;I C,..O...OI'\*..';i \"oUH 

DMilt AAOcAIIOtll'tR,Ofi"W- , ( '), .... ~ ~.• .wrrR J 

CE 

I EH6t0t0.1 

EH60e2.S-I 

- ~ ~.~! ,;;;, "· 

Figure B-1: Detail of the back panel of the DynaPro NanoStar. 

The yellow arrow designates the Ethernet port. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Components 

8.1.2 LAN connection: 

M3300Rev. A 

Figure B-2 shows a typical wall socket connection to a Local Area Network 

(LAN). If you are going to connect the instrument to a LAN, you will need 

access to this type of socket. 

\· 

> 

D-so 

v_.., \ 

Figure 8-2: Wall socket LAN connection indicated by yellow arrow. 

8-3 
Appendix : 

8 .1.3 Computer connections: 

8-4 

Computer connections can be made via either the Ethernet or USB port. 

Figure B-3 shows these ports on a standard laptop computer. Sections B.2 

and B.4 describe instrument connections made via the Ethernet port. 

Section B.3 describes connections made via the USB port. 

Figure 8-3: Ethernet and USB ports on the computer. 

The USB ports are designated by a green arrow, and the Ethernet port is 

designated by a yellow arrow. 

M3300Rev. A 
Components 

8.1.4 Crossover cable: 

M3300 Rev. A 

A crossover cable can be used to make a direct connection from the 

instrument to an Ethernet port on a computer or to an Ethernet to USB 

adapter. Please note that the crossover cable shipped with Wyatt 

Technology instruments is yellow to distinguish it from a standard 

Ethernet cable. Please be careful to only use the yellow crossover cable 

where indicated. 

Figure B-4: The Ethernet crossover cable shipped by Wyatt Technology is yellow. 

B-5 
Chapter: 

8.1.5 Ethernet cable: 

B-6 

A standard Ethernet cable is sometimes referred to as a patch cable, or a 

straight-through cable to distinguish it from the crossover cable in Section 

B.l.4. Ethernet cables provided by Wyatt Technology are black, blue, 

white, or gray, but never yellow (yellow is reserved for the crossover 

cable). For these instructions, the Ethernet cable will always be black. 

Figure B-5: Standard Ethernet cable. 

For these instructions, the standard cable is always black. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Components 

8.1.6 Ethernet to USB adapter: 

M3300 Rev. A 

This device can be used to connect an Ethernet cable to a USB port on the 

computer. Using this adapter, it is possible to have the computer 

connected to a LAN via the computer's Ethernet port, and the instruments 

connected to the computer via USB. The Ethernet to USB adapter 

supplied by Wyatt Technology will look similar to this. The first time you 

connect an Ethernet to USB adapter to your computer, you may be 

prompted to install USB drivers for the device. To do so, use the CD 

supplied with the Ethernet to USB adapter, and follow the Microsoft 

Windows instructions. 

Figure B-6: Standard Ethernet to USB adapter. The Ethernet cable is plugged into 

the port with the yellow arrow, and the USB plug (green arrow) is plugged into a 

USB port on the computer. 

B-7 
Chapter : 

8.1. 7 Ethernet switch: 

8-8 

Ethernet switches are used to connect several Ethernet cables to one 

resource, such as the LAN socket in Figure B-2. The Ethernet switch 

supplied by Wyatt Technology will look similar to the five port switch 

shown below. Please note that Ethernet cables can be connected to the 

switch in any order or position. Also, the switch has an external AC 

adapter (not shown) to provide power to the switch. 

' 

,,. , 

Figure 8-7: Five-port Ethernet switch. 

M3300Rev. A 
Connecting to a LAN 

8.2 Connecting to a LAN 

If an instrument is connected to a LAN, it can be accessed by any 

computer plugged into the same LAN. 

8.2.1 One instrument to LAN: 

NOTE: 

M3300 Rev. A 

Plug the instrument into a LAN wall socket using a standard Ethernet 

cable. The computer that is to communicate with the instrument must be 

on the same LAN. 

Figure B-8: Connection for one instrument to LAN. 

Note:This view is the back panel of the ViscoStar, but the same connection 

method is used by the DynaPro NanoStar. 

B-9 
Chapter: 

8.2.2 One instrument and computer to LAN: 

B-10 

If there is only one LAN wall socket available for both the instrument and 

computer, it is necessary to use an Ethernet switch to connect both the 

computer and instrument to the LAN. In this configuration, the computer 

can access the LAN and the instrument, and the instrument can be 

accessed from any other computer on the LAN. 

Figure B-9: One instrument and a computer can both be connected to the LAN 

using an Ethernet switch. 

M3300Rev. A 
Connecting to a LAN 

8 .2.3 Multiple instruments to LAN: 

M3300 Rev. A 

If there is only one LAN wall socket available, two or more instruments 

can be connected to the LAN via an Ethernet switch. The instruments can 

be accessed via any computer on the LAN. 

Figure B-10: Two instruments connected to the LAN via an Ethernet switch. 

B-11 
Chapter: 

8 .2.4 Multiple instruments and computer to LAN: 

B-12 

If there is only one LAN wall socket available for multiple instruments 

and a computer, it is necessary to use an Ethernet switch to connect both 

the computer and instruments to the LAN. In this configuration, the 

computer can access the LAN and the instruments, and the instruments 

can be accessed from any other computer on the LAN. 

Figure B-11: Two instruments and a computer connected to the LAN via an Ethernet switch. 

M3300Rev. A 
....: 

Connecting via USB 

8.3 Connecting via USB 

If it is not possible or desu:ed to have the instruments connected to a LAN, 

it is possible to connect to the instruments via USB. In this way, the 

instruments can be isolated from the LAN, even while the computer 

maintains its own Ethernet connection with the LAN. 

8 .3.1 One instrument to USB via a crossover cable: 

M3300 Rev. A 

Connect the yellow crossover cable from the instrument to the Ethernet to 

USB adapter. Plug the Ethernet to USB adapter into an available USB 

port on the computer. You may be prompted to install drivers for the 

Ethernet to USB adapter the first time it is plugged into the computer. To 

install the drivers, insert the CD that came with the adapter and follow 

the Windows instructions. 

Please note that the network communication setting in the 

Communications tab of the instrument display is Ethernet for this 

configuration, and not USB Virtual Ethernet. 

Figure B-12: One instrument to USB via yellow crossover cable . 

B-13 
Chapter: 

8 .3.2 One instrument to USB using an Ethernet switch: 

8-14 

Connect the instrument to the Ethernet switch using a standard Ethernet 

cable. Then connect the Ethemet switch to the Ethernet to USB adapter 

using a standard Ethemet cable. Plug the Ethernet to USB adapter into 

an available USB port on the computer. You may be prompted to install 

drivers for the Ethemet to USB adapter the first time it is plugged into 

the computer. To install the drivers, insert the CD that came with the 

adapter and follow the Windows instructions. 

Figure B-13: Connecting one instrument to USB using an Ethernet switch. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Connecting via USB 

8.3.3 Multiple instruments to USB: 

M3300Rev. A 

Two or more instruments can be connected to USB using an Ethernet 

switch. Use a standard Ethernet cable to plug each instrument into the 

Ethernet switch. Then connect the Ethernet switch to the Ethernet to 

USB adapter using a standard Ethernet cable. Plug the Ethernet to USB 

adapter into an available USB port on the computer. You may be 

prompted to install drivers for the Ethernet to USB adapter the first time 

it is plugged into the computer. To install the drivers, insert the CD that 

came with the adapter and follow the Windows instructions. 

Figure B-14: Connecting two or more instruments to USB using an Ethernet 

switch and Ethernet to USB adapter. 

B-15 
Chapter: 

8.4 Connecting via Ethernet when not on a LAN. 

8-16 

If the computer is not on the LAN, it is possible to use the Ethernet port 

directly to connect to the instruments. 

8 .4.1 One instrument to computer not on LAN using crossover 

cable: 

Connect the yellow crossover cable from the instrument directly to the 

Ethernet port on the computer. 

Figure 8-15: Connecting one instrument directly to a computer that is not on the 

LAN using the yelfow crossover cable. 

M3300Rev. A 
Connecting via Et/1ernet when not on a LAN. 

8 .4.2 One instrument to computer not on LAN using an Ethernet 

switch: 

M3300 Rev. A 

Connect the instrument to the Ethernet switch using a standard Ethernet 

cable. Then connect the switch to the computer Ethernet port using a 

standard Ethernet cable. 

Figure 8-16: Connecting one instrument to the computer using an Ethernet 

switch. 

8-17 
Chapter: 

8-18 

8 .4.3 Multiple instruments to computer not on LAN using an Ethernet 

switch: 

Connect each instrument to the Ethernet switch using a standard 

Ethernet cable. Then connect the switch to the computer Ethernet port 

using a standard Ethernet cable. 

Figure B-17: Connecting multiple instruments to a computer not on the LAN using 

an Ethernet switch. 

M3300Rev. A 
Instrument Network Settings 

8.5 Instrument Network Settings 

M3300 Rev. A 

Figure B-18 shows the standard settings on the instrument front panel 

that will work with all of the above connection schemes. 

As shown in Figure B-18, to set the IP address there is a choice of Obtain 

an IP address automatically, to use an associated DHCP server, or Use 

the following IP address: to set a static IP address. In general, this 

setting can be left to DHCP. With DHCP, once the instrument is connected 

to a computer or LAN, the IP address and subnet mask will be assigned 

automatically. This will even work with the USB connections described in 

"Connecting via USB" on page B-13. When using DHCP, it might take 

several minutes for the IP address to be assigned. During this time, the IP 

address and subnet mask will read 0.0.0.0. Once the IP address and 

subnet mask have been assigned, both will be automatically updated, and 

should no longer read 0.0.0.0. At this point, it should be possible to connect 

to the instrument from the computer. 

If you wish to use a static IP address and subnet mask, please contact your 

IT department to obtain a valid address and mask . 

.MlliLJ OELS I Alarm I System I Comm .__ __ _ 

· Instrument 

Name: 

IP address: 

Subnet mask: 

Mode: 

Configure Ethernet 

Wyatt-1 01-0PN 

172.20.2.65 

255.255.0.0 

Automatic 

r. Obtain an iP address automatically 

r Use the following iP address: 

--

iP Address: I 

Sub net Mnsk: 1 

ApJ>iy II llcvcrl 

Figure B-18: Standard settings for instrument connectivity. 

B-19 
Chapter: 

8.6 Trouble-shooting and diagnostics 

B-20 

If you are experiencing instrument connectivity problems, please go over 

these steps. If you still cannot connect to your instrument after going over 

this section, please contact Wyatt Technology for assistance or visit 

www.wyatt.com for the latest troubleshooting guides. 

8 .6.1 Verifying instrument connections 

Please verify that the instrument is communicating with the computer. 

Open a Windows cmd prompt, as shown in Figure B-19. At the command 

line, type "ping" plus the IP address of the instrument as shown on the 

instrument front panel (see Figure B-18). If the instrument is connected 

properly, the result should be similar to that shown in Figure B-19. 

C:,)ping 1?2.20.1.244 

Pinging 1?2.20.1 . 244 with 32 bytes of data: 

Reply f~o~ 1?2.20.1.244: bytes=32 ti~e(1~s TTL=128 

Reply f~o~ 1?2.20.1.244: hytes =32 ti~e<1~s TTL=128 

Reply f~o~ 1?2.20.1.244: bytes=32 ti~e<1~s TTL=128 

Reply f~o~ 1?2.20.1.244: bytes =32 ti~e(1~s TTL=128 

Ping statistics fo~ 1?2.20.1.244: 

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4. Lo s t = 0 (0X loss), App~o i~ate ~ound t~ip ti~es in ~illi-se conds: 

Hini~u~ = 0~s. Haxi~u~ = 0~s. Ave~age = 0~s 

Figure B-19: Using ping to verify the instrument connection. 

If the instrument is not connected properly, the result should be similar to 

that shown in Figme B-20. 

C:,)ping 1?2.20.1.243 

Pinging 1?2.20.1.243 with 32 bytes of data : 

Reque s t ti~ed out. 

Request ti~ed out. 

Reque s t ti~ed out. 

Reque s t ti~ed out. 

Ping statistics fo~ 1?2.20.1.243: 

Packets : Sent = 4. Rece ived = 0. Lo st 4 (100x loss> . 

Figure B-20: Failure to connect to instrument using ping. 

M3300 Rev. A 
Index --

A 

alarm 

auto attenuating 5-10 

disposable cuvette 5-10 

enabling 5-3 

N2 pressure 5-10 

overheat 5-10 

turn off 5-3 

alarm history 5-10 

alarm panel 5-10 

American National Standards Institute 2-1 

APD 5-9 

over illumination 5-9 

protection system 5-9 

audible alarm 5-3 

audio alarm 

disable 5-10 

enable 5-10 

tum off 5-10 

autocorrelation 1-4 

avalanche photodiode (APD) 5-9 

B 

back panel 3-3 

block Diagram 1-2 

. BSA Sample 7-2 

bubble problems 6-4 

bubbles, detecting 3-10 

c 

calibration 4-7 

case maintenance 8-2 

CD Contents 4-2 

cell temperature 5-11 

cell temperatme lock 5-10 

centrifuge 6-4 

changing a fuse 3-3 

cleaning procedures 

cuvettes 6-2 

Comm panel5-13 

DCHP 5-13 

Connect to Hardware button 1-3, 4-9 

connecting to LAN B-3 

connecting to network B-1 

connecting to PC B-1 

connecting via ethernet B-16 

DynaPro NanoStar (M3300 Rev. A) 

connecting via USB B-13 

connectors 

back panel 3-3 

. Nitrogen Purge 4-5 

contact information 1-5 

contaminants 6-3 

correlation function, QELS 5-8 

Count Rates 7-4 

cover 3-4 

crossover cable B-5 

Cuvette 

filling 6-4, 7-2 

flattened corner 6-5, 7-3 

loading into DynaPro NanoStar 7-3 

maintenance 8-2 

preparing 7-2 

0 

Data 

collecting 7-1 

recording 7-1, 7-4 

DHCP 5-13, B-19 

diagnostics 

www.wyatt.com B-20 

display 

adjusting the display range 5-5 

alarm panel 5-10 

autoscale 5-6 

button description 5-2 

cell temperature 5-11 

Comm panel 5-13 

main 5-2 

navigating 5-2 

setting the scale 5-6 

system panel 5-11 

display. See LCD display 

dust, detecting 3-10 

DYNAMICS 

connecting to DynaPro NanoStar 4-8 

installing 4-2, 4-3 

software description 1-2 

DynaPro NanoStar 

adjusting the display range 5-5 

cell temperature lock 5-10 

connecting to B-1 

lndex-1 
Index 

E 

connecting via USB B-13 

display window 5-1 

LAN connection B-3 

load factory defaults 5-12 

loading 7-3 

network settings B-19 

operations 1-4 

overview 1-1 

restart instrument 5-12 

restart lSI 5-12 

setting cell temperature 5-6 

warning lights and alarms 5-3 

zoom/pan buttons 5-5 

electronic fuse 3-3 

environment 

location 4-4 

equipment list 4-1 

ethernet cable B-6 

ethernet connection 

multiple instruments B-18 

one instrument B-17 

ethernet crossover cable B-5 

ethernet port B-2 

ethernet switch B-8 

Experiment 

Parameters 4-10 

starting new 4-8 

F 

Filling 

cuvette 6-4 

Filtering samples 6-3 

forward laser monitor 3-10 

front panel 3-2 

fuses 

replacing 3-3 

H 

Hardware 

checking configuration 4-6 

verifying 4-10 

hazards, definitions of 2-1 

Humidity 

controlling 3-8 

Installation and Setup 4-1 

Installing DYNAMICS 4-3 

instrument connections B-2 

verifying B-20 

Instrument Detection screen 4-6 

/ndex-2 

K 

keypad 3-2 

L 

LAN connection 

multiple instruments B-11 

multiple instruments and computer B12 

one instrument B-9 

one instrument and computer B-10 

language 5-12 

laser 

beam size 6-3 

current monitor 3-10 

description 3-9 

forward monitor 3-10 

monitor 3-10 

monitor values 3-10 

monitors 3-10 

On/Off 5-6 

specifications A-1 

warning 3-9 

laser drive current 3-10 

laser monitor 

values 3-10 

LCD display 3-2 

load factory defaults 5-12 

location 4-4 

M 

Maintenance 8-1 

N 

network settings B-19 

Nitrogen Purge fitting 

connecting 4-5 

0 

On/Off switch 3-2 

p 

packing list 4-1 

Parameters 

experiment 4-10 

particles 

detecting 3-10 

pal"ts list 4-1 

Peltier cooler 5-9 

power switch 3-2 

Precautions 8-2 

Q 

QELS 

correlation function 5-8 

sample rate 5-8 

DynaPro NanoStar (M3300 Rev. A) 
R 

read head 3-11 

detectors 3-11 

Record button 1-3 

Recording data 7-4 

restart instrument 5-12 

restart lSI 5-12 

Restricted Privileges 4-2 

s 

Samples 

BSA 7-2 

filtering 6-3 

preparing 6-1 

spinning 6-4 

setting cell temperature 5-6 

shipping list 4-1 

size range limit 6-3 

software 

DYNAMICS 4-7, 5-8 

establishing communications 4-7 

installation 4-2 

specifications 

laser A-1 

Static IP B-19 

static IP address 5-13 

system panel 5-11 

System Requirements 4-2 

T 

Temperature 

accuracy 3-5 

automating 3-6 

range 3-5 

setting 3-6 

DynaPro NanoStar (M3300 Rev. A) 

target 3-6 

time to stabilize 3-7 

Temperature Controlled 3-1 

top cover 3-4 

transmitted light 3-10 

troubleshooting 

www.wyatt.com B-20 

u 

Unpacking 4-1 

USB adapter B-7 

USB connection 

v 

multiple instruments B-15 

one instrument B-14 

via crossover cable B-13 

ventilation holes 8-2 

w 

warm up time 4-5 

warning lights and alarms 5-3 

Wyatt Technology Corporation 

contact information 1-5 

corporate headquarters 1-5 

X 

X-axis 

y 

selector 5-4 

set time 5-12 

Y-axis data channel 5-4 

z 

zoom/pan buttons 5-5 

Index 

/ndex-3