# Patent

## Title
Methods for using an analyte testing device

## Abstract

A test unit cartridge for holding a plurality of test units includes a first test unit that contains a first analyte sensor and a second test unit that contains a second analyte sensor. The first and second analyte sensors use first and second reagents to detect first and second analytes, respectively. The first analyte is different from the second analyte and the first and second test units are functionally non-fungible. The plurality of test units can also include a third test unit that contains two analyte sensors having two reagents for detecting two different analytes using one fluid sample. A method of using the test unit cartridge is also described, which comprises loading the cartridge into an analyte testing device and cocking an actuator of the device that is configured to (i) expose an analyte sensor of a test unit, (ii) ready a lancet, and (iii) advance a lancet cartridge.

## Background
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/165,621 filed Jun. 21, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is analyte testing supplies, more specifically, test unit cartridges.
BACKGROUND
Analyte testing devices play a critical roll in modern diagnosis and management of health-related issues. For example, a sample of human blood, urine, and/or saliva can be tested for glucose, fructosamine, hematocrit, hemoglobin blood oxygen saturation, lactates, iron, pH, cholesterol, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase/GGT, LDH, bilirubin, etc), hormones, and other compounds.
For many diabetic patients, monitoring glucose levels is inconvenient and uncomfortable, since it requires repeatedly pricking the finger or some other body member in order to draw a blood sample. It would be advantageous to maximize the utility of a blood sample by collecting more than one kind of health data using the same meter, and even more preferably from the same “stick”. For example, while a diabetes patient is primarily concerned with monitoring glucose levels, it would be advantageous for diabetic patients to simultaneously, or in close time proximity, collect pH, iron, fructosamine or other health data. Such additional health data can be used as a baseline for later medical reference, or alternatively, for proactively monitoring for other potential health problems.
Several known references are directed at a single test unit that simultaneously tests for two or more analytes. For example, each of U.S. Pat. No. 7,955,791 (Dinello), US20110124130 (Wagner), and US2010/0312137 (Gilmour) disclose test strips that test for two or more analytes using one strip. However, none of those references teach a cartridge (i.e., a magazine, cassette or other housing or enclosure) for holding two or more non-fungible test units.
US 2007/0007183 to Schulat discloses a magazine that holds a plurality of test units for measuring analytes like glucose. However, Schulat fails to contemplate that a magazine can hold test units that test for different analytes.
US 2010/0151488 to Smith discloses a test unit (referred to as a cassette) that has two test spots, i.e., two analyte sensors. One is for measuring glycated albumin, and the other is for measuring total albumin (for diabetes management). Smith, however, still does not contemplate a cassette that carries two or more different types of test units (i.e., non-fungible test units).
Thus, while known prior art has appreciated the advantages of a test unit that tests for two or more analytes, the known prior art has failed to provide a cartridge for holding a plurality of test units, wherein at least two of the test units are non-fungible (e.g., a first test unit configured to detect a first analyte and a second test unit configured to test a second analyte that is different from the first analyte). It would therefore be advantageous to provide a cartridge that includes different test units for detecting different analytes. For example, an inventive cartridge holding twenty separate test units could include glucose-detecting analyte sensors on every test unit, and fructosamine-detecting analyte sensors on every fifth test unit (i.e., every fifth test unit has two analyte sensors). Furthermore, it would be advantageous for that device to automatically store and monitor both glucose and fructosamine levels. In this manner, a diabetic patient primarily concerned with glucose levels could simultaneously collect other important health data, thus maximizing the utility of each blood sample.
Thus, there is still a need for test unit cartridges that include non-fungible test units.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a test unit cartridge houses: (i) a first test unit having a first analyte sensor that includes a first reagent used to detect a first analyte; and (ii) a second test unit having a second analyte sensor that includes a second reagent used to detect a second analyte different from the first analyte, such that the first test unit is not functionally fungible with the second test unit.
In one aspect of some preferred embodiments, the test unit comprises a single strip. As used herein, the term “strip” means a thin (less than 5 mm thick) elongated object having at least one analyte sensor. A test unit can also comprise a non-strip configuration, such as a capsule more that 5 mm thick, or a disk.
In yet other aspects of preferred embodiments, the first test unit has no other analyte sensors besides the first analyte sensor. Alternatively, the first test unit can include an additional analyte sensor that detects the second analyte.
In another aspect of some preferred embodiments, the cartridge includes a “sacrificial” test unit disposed at a beginning of an order of use of the cartridge. The sacrificial test unit is configured to provide a moisture barrier by corking and sealing all apertures of the cartridge. The “sacrificial” test unit can optionally include at least two analyte sensors for detecting multiple analytes. It is also contemplated that each test unit can include features that cork the apertures of the cartridge such that the test units are protected from moisture and dust when not in use.
In one aspect of preferred embodiments, the test unit cartridge includes a third through twentieth test unit, each of which is functionally fungible with the first test unit.
In yet other aspects of preferred embodiments, the first reagent and second reagent are different. For example, the first reagent is configured to bind with a first analyte and the second reagent is configured to bind with a second analyte.
In some aspects of preferred embodiments, the cartridge includes pull-away labels that cover every aperture of the cartridge in order to provide a seal and barrier from moisture and dust.
In yet other aspects, the cartridge includes an aperture that allows an electrical contact of the first test unit to directly couple with an electrical contact of an analyte testing device.
The inventive subject matter also provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a test unit cartridge has a plurality of test units, wherein at least one of the test units has a first and second analyte sensor configured to detect a first and second analyte, respectively. The first and second analyte sensors can be completely non-overlapping, partly overlapping, or completely overlapping. In some aspects of preferred embodiments, the first and second analyte sensors are physically separated by a distance.
Yet still, the inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a test unit cartridge includes a calibration test unit and an operating test unit. As used herein, the term “calibration test unit” means a test unit having a known analyte presence and configured to test the accuracy of an analyte testing device (e.g., glucose meter). As used herein, the term “operating test unit” means a test unit having an analyte sensor that is configured to detect an analyte.
The inventive subject matter also provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a test unit cartridge has a plurality of test units and a spring. The spring is disposed in a manner such that each test unit is advanced into a usable position after a previous test strip has been laterally ejected from the cartridge.
The inventive subject matter also provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a test unit cartridge houses a plurality of test units in a stacked configuration.
From a method perspective, an analyte testing device can be used by: (i) inserting a lancet cartridge into the device; (ii) inserting a test unit cartridge into the device, wherein the test unit cartridge has a plurality of nonfungible test units; (iii) operating a mechanically advantaged actuator on the device, which operates a mechanism that (a) readies a lancing device, (b) exposes an analyte sensor of a test unit, and (c) advances the lancet cartridge; (iv) deploying the lancing device in order to prick a body part and draw a blood sample; and (v) contacting the analyte sensor to the blood sample.
Preferred methods further include reading an output of the device; ejecting and disposing of the test unit; replacing the lancet cartridge with a refill lancet cartridge; and replacing the test unit cartridge with a refill test unit cartridge. In addition, the nonfungible test units preferably comprise at least one test unit configured to detect a first and second analyte.
Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a test unit cartridge for housing a plurality of test units.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the test unit cartridge of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a test unit.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a test unit.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a calibration test unit.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an analyte testing device.
FIG. 7 is a schematic of one embodiment of a method of using the test unit cartridge of FIG. 1.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show perspective and side views, respectively, of a test unit cartridge 100. Cartridge 100 holds a plurality of test units 110 in a stacked configuration. The stacked configuration of test units 110 advantageously allows cartridge 100 to have a compact and simple design that requires minimal material. Cartridge 100 is configured to couple with an analyte testing device. For example, cartridge 100 has electrical contacts 128 for communicatively coupling the test units 110 with conversion electronics in an analyte testing device. Cartridge 100 also has a slot 129 that couples with a linkage mechanism of an analyte device, wherein the linkage is configured to push a portion of a test unit out of cartridge 100 in order to expose analyte sensor 115. Cartridge 100 is preferably sized and dimensioned to mate with a compartment of an analyte testing device.
Cartridge 100 can include any appropriate number of test units, preferably between 15 and 25 test units, more preferably between 18 and 22 test units, and most preferably 20 test units. Cartridge 100 includes test units configured to test for different analytes. For example, test unit 110a has an analyte sensor 115a, which includes an analyte-binding reagent configured to test for glucose. Test unit 110b has two analyte sensors (sensor 115b and sensor 116b) for detecting two different analytes (e.g., glucose and iron) using only one fluid sample. Cartridge 100 also has a calibration test unit 110c that has two analyte sensors: sensor 115c is for detecting glucose and calibration sensor 116c is for checking the accuracy of an analyte meter.
Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints, and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include commercially practical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary.
Cartridge 100 can include a test unit that is functionally fungible with 110b or 110c at every nth test unit within the plurality of test units 110 in order to ensure that certain health data is gathered at particular intervals. For example, in one preferred embodiment cartridge 100 holds twenty test units, wherein the first and third through twentieth test units are configured to detect glucose, and the second test unit is configured to detect glucose and fructosamine. In this manner, fructosamine levels are monitored at every second test unit of every test unit cartridge.
The housing of cartridge 100 can be made of plastic, metal, composite, or any other material with structural and mechanical properties suitable for housing a plurality of test units. Cartridge 100 is preferably compact, with a height no more than 25 mm, a width no more than 15 mm, and a length no more than 50 mm. In especially preferred embodiments, the height is no more than 20 mm, a width is no more than 8 mm, and a length is no more than 40 mm.
Cartridge 100 also preferably includes an inner desiccant liner (not shown) for protecting the plurality of test units from exposure to moisture. For example, a liner can be disposed between the test units and the inner wall of cartridge 100, thus surrounding all the test units (e.g., an inner sleeve). In some embodiments, the liner comprises a crystalline structure configured to absorb moisture and prevent moisture from reaching the analyte sensors. Liners are well known and all materials suitable for absorbing and/or blocking moisture are contemplated. In addition, all cartridge apertures are preferably sealed with a pull-away adhesive label. For example, pull-away label 131 has been placed over slot 129 in order to seal slot 129, thus protecting test units 110 from exposure to moisture and dust. Preferably, slot 132, slot 133 and all other orifices/apertures of cartridge 100 are sealed with a pull-away label. The labels can be removed just prior to loading cartridge 100 into device 600 (see FIG. 6). Cartridge 100 also preferably includes gaskets and/or o-rings at all cartridge apertures. These gaskets can be configured to mate with components of device 600 such that a seal is maintained while cartridge 100 is loaded in device 600 and not in use.
Cartridge 100 also includes a spring 175, which is disposed below the plurality of test units 110 and is configured to push the test units 110 upward. In this manner, each test unit is pushed up into a usable position after the previous test unit is laterally ejected out of slot 132.
Cartridge 100 provides several advantages. First, by providing a plurality of test units in one disposable and replaceable cartridge, methods and devices for monitoring analytes is significantly simplified. Second, cartridge 100 provides a means for ensuring that secondary health data is gathered at predetermined intervals. For example, a diabetes patient monitoring glucose levels (i.e., primary health data) will nonetheless monitor secondary health data (e.g., fructosamine levels) when test unit 110b is used. Third, cartridge 100 allows primary and secondary health data to be gathered simultaneously in a single blood sample. Fourth, cartridge 100 provides an enclosure that protects a plurality of test units from exposure to moisture and dust. Finally, cartridge 100 provides a simple mechanism for advancing each test unit into place after the previous test unit has been removed and disposed.
FIG. 3 shows a test unit 110a, which has an analyte sensor 115a. Analyte sensors are well known and generally comprise an absorbent material that includes a reagent (e.g., an analyte-binding reagent). In this case, sensor 115a is configured to detect glucose. The sensor 115a is configured to generate a signal that is sent to electrical contacts 130. Electrical contacts 130 are communicatively coupled with electrical contacts 128 of cartridge 100, thus allowing the signal to reach conversion electronics in an analyte testing device (e.g., a glucose meter). Alternatively, electrical contacts 130 could directly interface with an analyte testing device's conversion electronics via an open aperture on cartridge 100 (e.g., slot 133 with contacts 128 removed). In this manner, test unit 110a allows a diabetic patient to monitor glucose levels. As used herein, “analyte sensor” refers to an independently interpretable signal representing an amount of an analyte present in a fluid sample. Under this definition, one piece of absorbent material having one reagent that is capable of binding to two different analytes at the same time, would be considered two separate “analyte sensors” if two independently interpretable signals are produced, regardless of whether the signal is interpreted using two different lead wires or using one lead wire (e.g., one signal having two frequency spikes that represent the amount of two different analytes present in the fluid sample).
Test unit 110a also advantageously includes a first sealing surface 134 and a second sealing surface 135, configured to restrict entry of moisture into the interior of cartridge 100 via slots 132 and 133, respectively. Test unit 110a is disposed at the beginning of the order of use of the plurality of test units 110 in cartridge 100 (i.e., on top of the stack of test units 110, see FIG. 1). As such, test unit 110a serves to protect the plurality of test units 110 from damage caused by moisture and dust. Test unit 110a can either be a “sacrificial unit,” meaning its sole purpose is to provide a cork/seal to the orifices of cartridge 100, or can optionally include analyte sensors, such as analyte sensor 115a. Test unit 110a also preferably includes a sealing surface on its back side to provide a seal at slot 129. It is also contemplated that each of the plurality of test units 110 can include sealing surfaces to protect each subsequent test unit from moisture.
While FIG. 3 shows test unit 110a having a “strip” configuration, those of skill in the art will appreciate that other shapes can be used consistently with the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. For example, test unit 110a could comprise a capsule or a disk rather than a strip. However, stackable test units are preferred in order to conserve space.
FIG. 4 shows a test unit 110b, which has two analyte sensors 115b and 116b. Sensor 115b is configured to detect glucose, while sensor 116b is configured to detect fructosamine. Test unit 110b advantageously provides a means for testing for two analytes using one blood sample (i.e., from a single prick and a single test unit). While FIG. 4 shows sensors 115b and 116b in completely non-overlapping positions, it is also contemplated that sensors 115b and 116b could be partially overlapping, or even completely overlapping. For example, sensors 115b and 116b could comprise one absorbent material and one analyte-binding reagent, wherein the analyte-binding reagent is capable of simultaneously binding with two or more analytes and can produce two “distinct” signals (e.g., one signal with two different detectible frequency spikes, or two different signals representing two distinct analytes). One of skill in the art will also appreciate that additional sensors can be included on test unit 110b for detecting additional analytes.
Test unit 110a and test unit 110b are “functionally nonfungible” since unit 110a tests for glucose while unit 110b detects glucose and fructosamine. An example of two functionally fungible test units is a first test unit that test for glucose and iron, and a second test unit that tests for glucose and iron.
FIG. 5 shows a test unit 110c, which has two analyte sensors 115c and 116c. Sensor 115c is configured to detect glucose, while calibration sensor 116c is configured to check the accuracy of an analyte testing device. As such, sensor 115c is an “operational sensor” and sensor 116c is a “calibration sensor.” Sensor 116c has a known concentration of a particular analyte and produces a signal that is expected to result in a known reading on device 600. In this manner, the electronics of device 600 can be checked for accuracy, precision, and consistency.
FIG. 6 shows an analyte testing device 600. Device 600 is a glucose meter integrated with a lancing device. Device 600 has an actuator 620 and an internal linkage mechanism (not shown) configured to cock a lancet for drawing blood, partially expose a test unit for contacting with a blood sample, and reading a signal of the test unit. Device 600 also has an internal compartment 610 for loading and storing cartridge 100. Device 600 also preferably has an internal compartment for storing a cartridge of lancets (not shown). One exemplary embodiment of a glucose meter is disclosed in patent application Ser. No. 13/165,621, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Device 600 can further include a docking station and data management software. Acceptable docking stations and data management systems that could be adapted for use within the existing subject matter is described in co-pending patent application having Ser. No. 13/187,360 titled to Shaanan et al. “Analyte Testing System With Docking Station For Data Management” filed on Jul. 20, 2011.
FIG. 7 shows a method of using test cartridge 100 and analyte testing device 600, comprising: inserting a lancet cartridge into the device; inserting a test unit cartridge into the device, wherein the test unit cartridge has a plurality of nonfungible test units; operating an actuator on the device, which operates a mechanism that (i) readies a lancing device, (ii) advances the lancet cartridge, and (iii) exposes an analyte sensor of a test unit; deploying the lancing device in order to prick a body part and draw a blood sample; and exposing the analyte sensor to the blood sample; reading an output of the device; ejecting and disposing of the test unit; replacing the lancet cartridge with a refill lancet cartridge; and replacing the test unit cartridge with a refill test unit cartridge. Indicia of the first two and last two steps are displayed in round boxes and with dotted lines to indicate that these steps need not be repeated at every cycle of usage of the device. For example, in embodiments having twenty lancets and test units per cartridge, the steps of inserting/removing cartridges need only be performed every twentieth cycle of use. In addition, the nonfungible test units preferably comprise at least one test unit configured to detect a first and second analyte.
In one aspect of some preferred embodiments, the actuator is mechanically advantaged and the step of operating the actuator comprises cocking a lever.
As used herein, and unless the context dictates otherwise, the term “coupled to” is intended to include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements). Therefore, the terms “coupled to” and “coupled with” are used synonymously.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

## Claims

1. A method of using an analyte testing device with respect to a body part, comprising:
inserting a lancet cartridge into the device;
inserting a test unit cartridge into the device, wherein the test unit cartridge comprises a plurality of nonfungible test units including a first test unit type and a second test unit type that are arranged in a stacked configuration within the test unit cartridge as a plurality of test units, the first test unit type situated at first positions within the stacked configuration for detecting a first analyte and the second test unit type situated at second positions within the stacked configuration for detecting a second analyte so as to allow detection of the first analyte and the second analyte at a predetermined interval;
operating an actuator, which operates a mechanism that (i) readies a lancing device, (ii) exposes an analyte sensor of a test unit, and (iii) advances the lancet cartridge;
deploying the lancing device in order to prick the body part and draw a blood sample; and contacting the analyte sensor to the blood sample.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the actuator is mechanically advantaged.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of operating the actuator comprises cocking a lever.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reading an output of the device; and
ejecting and disposing of the test unit.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
replacing the lancet cartridge with a refill lancet cartridge; and
replacing the test unit cartridge with a refill test unit cartridge.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonfungible test units comprise at least one test unit configured to detect both a first analyte and a second analyte.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
using the first test unit for detecting the first analyte; and
using the second test unit for detecting the second analyte.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first analyte is indicative of a primary health information and the second analyte is indicative of a secondary health information.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the primary health information is related to a glucose level, and the secondary health information is related to a fructosamine level.