I 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1404 

To prohibit biometric surveillance by the Federal Government without explicit 

statutory authorization and to withhold certain Federal public safety 

grants from State and local governments that engage in biometric surveillance. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 7, 2023 

Ms. JAYAPAL (for herself, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. BOWMAN, Ms. BUSH, Mr. CASAR, Mr. ESPAILLAT, Ms. LEE of California, Ms. 

NORTON, Ms. PRESSLEY, and Ms. TLAIB) introduced the following bill; 

which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition 

to the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 

such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To prohibit biometric surveillance by the Federal Government 

without explicit statutory authorization and to withhold 

certain Federal public safety grants from State and local 

governments that engage in biometric surveillance. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Facial Recognition and 

5 Biometric Technology Moratorium Act of 2023’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this Act: 

3 (1) BIOMETRIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM.—The 

4 term ‘‘biometric surveillance system’’ means any 

5 computer software that performs facial recognition 

6 or other remote biometric recognition in real time or 

7 on a recording or photograph. 

8 (2) BYRNE GRANT PROGRAM.—The term 

9 ‘‘Byrne grant program’’ means the grant program 

10 authorized under subpart 1 of part E of title I of 

11 the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 

12 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10151 et seq.), whether character13 ized as the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local 

14 Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, the Local 

15 Government Law Enforcement Block Grants Pro16 gram, the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assist17 ance Grant Program, or otherwise. 

18 (3) FACIAL RECOGNITION.—The term ‘‘facial 

19 recognition’’ means an automated or semi-automated 

20 process that— 

21 (A) assists in identifying an individual, 

22 capturing information about an individual, or 

23 otherwise generating or assisting in generating 

24 surveillance information about an individual 

25 based on the physical characteristics of the indi26 vidual’s face; or 


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1 (B) logs characteristics of an individual’s 

2 face, head, or body to infer emotion, associa3 tions, activities, or the location of an individual. 

4 (4) FEDERAL OFFICIAL.—The term ‘‘Federal 

5 official’’ means any officer, employee, agent, con6 tractor, or subcontractor of the United States Gov7 ernment. 

8 (5) IN THE UNITED STATES.—The term ‘‘in the 

9 United States’’ means all areas within the external 

10 boundary of the United States, its territories and 

11 possessions, including airports, ports of entry, and 

12 border zones. 

13 (6) OTHER REMOTE BIOMETRIC RECOGNI14 TION.—The term ‘‘other remote biometric recogni15 tion’’— 

16 (A) means an automated or semi-auto17 mated process that— 

18 (i) assists in identifying an individual, 

19 capturing information about an individual, 

20 or otherwise generating or assisting in gen21 erating surveillance information about an 

22 individual based on the characteristics of 

23 the individual’s gait or other immutable 

24 characteristic ascertained from a distance; 


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1 (ii) uses voice recognition technology; 

2 or 

3 (iii) logs such characteristics to infer 

4 emotion, associations, activities, or the lo5 cation of an individual; and 

6 (B) does not include identification based 

7 on fingerprints or palm prints. 

8 (7) VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY.—The 

9 term ‘‘voice recognition technology’’ means the auto10 mated or semi-automated process that assists in 

11 identifying or verifying an individual based on the 

12 characteristics of an individual’s voice. 

13 SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USE OF 

14 BIOMETRIC SURVEILLANCE. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 

16 (b), it shall be unlawful for any Federal agency or Federal 

17 official, in an official capacity, to acquire, possess, access, 

18 or use in the United States— 

19 (1) any biometric surveillance system; or 

20 (2) information derived from a biometric sur21 veillance system operated by another entity. 

22 (b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition set forth in sub23 section (a) does not apply to activities explicitly authorized 

24 by an Act of Congress that describes, with particularity— 


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1 (1) the entities permitted to use the biometric 

2 surveillance system, the specific type of biometric 

3 authorized, the purposes for such use, and any pro4 hibited uses; 

5 (2) standards for use and management of infor6 mation derived from the biometric surveillance sys7 tem, including data retention, sharing, access, and 

8 audit trails; 

9 (3) auditing requirements to ensure the accu10 racy of biometric surveillance system technologies, 

11 standards for minimum accuracy rates, and accuracy 

12 rates by gender, skin color, and age; 

13 (4) rigorous protections for due process, pri14 vacy, free speech and association, and racial, gender, 

15 and religious equity; and 

16 (5) mechanisms to ensure compliance with the 

17 provisions of the Act. 

18 (c) JUDICIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS.— 

19 (1) ADMISSIBILITY.—Except in a judicial inves20 tigation or proceeding alleging a violation of this sec21 tion, information obtained in violation of this section 

22 is not admissible by the Federal Government in any 

23 criminal, civil, administrative, or other investigation 

24 or proceeding. 

25 (2) CAUSE OF ACTION.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—A violation of this sec2 tion constitutes an injury to any individual ag3 grieved by a violation of this Act. 

4 (B) RIGHT TO SUE.—An individual de5 scribed in subparagraph (A) may institute pro6 ceedings against the Federal Government whose 

7 official is alleged to have violated this section 

8 for the relief described in subparagraph (D) in 

9 any court of competent jurisdiction. 

10 (C) ENFORCEMENT BY STATE ATTORNEYS

11 GENERAL.—The chief law enforcement officer 

12 of a State, or any other State officer authorized 

13 by law to bring actions on behalf of the resi14 dents of a State, may bring a civil action, as 

15 parens patriae, on behalf of the residents of 

16 that State in an appropriate district court of 

17 the United States to enforce this Act, whenever 

18 the chief law enforcement officer or other State 

19 officer has reason to believe that the interests 

20 of the residents of the State have been or are 

21 being threatened or adversely affected by a vio22 lation of this Act. 

23 (D) RELIEF.—In a civil action brought 

24 under subparagraph (B) in which the plaintiff 

25 prevails, the court may award— 


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1 (i) actual damages; 

2 (ii) punitive damages; 

3 (iii) reasonable attorneys’ fees and 

4 costs; and 

5 (iv) any other relief, including injunc6 tive relief, that the court determines to be 

7 appropriate. 

8 (d) CIVIL PENALTIES.—Any Federal official who is 

9 found to have violated this section may be subject to re10 training, suspension, termination, or any other penalty, as 

11 determined in an appropriate tribunal, subject to applica12 ble due process requirements. 

13 (e) FEDERAL FUNDING.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—No Federal funds may be 

15 obligated or expended by a Federal law enforcement 

16 agency for the purchase or use of a biometric sur17 veillance system. 

18 (2) UNALLOCATED FUNDS.—No Federal agency 

19 may use any unallocated funds appropriated to the 

20 agency for the purchase or use of a biometric sur21 veillance system. 

22 (f) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec23 tion may be construed— 

24 (1) to prohibit the National Institute of Stand25 ards and Technology (NIST) from testing or reVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:12 Mar 21, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1404.IH H1404

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1 searching biometric surveillance systems or other re2 mote biometric recognition technologies in commer3 cial use; or 

4 (2) to preempt or supersede any Federal, State, 

5 or local law that imposes a more stringent limitation 

6 than the limitations described in this section. 

7 SEC. 4. MORATORIUM ON STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 

8 USE OF BIOMETRIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS. 

9 (a) FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—Beginning 

10 on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after the 

11 date of the enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local 

12 government is ineligible to receive Federal financial assist13 ance under the Byrne grant program unless the State or 

14 unit of local government is complying with a law or policy 

15 that is substantially similar to the prohibition set forth 

16 in section 3(a). 

17 (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec18 tion may be construed to preempt or supersede any Fed19 eral, State, or local law that imposes a more stringent lim20 itation than the prohibition set forth in section 3(a). 

Æ 


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