Roadmapping Workshop: 

Measurement Science for PolymerBased Additive Manufacturing 

June 9-10, 2016

NIST Administration Bldg. (101), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg MD

Packet Contents

Agenda 1

Posters 3

Breakout Session Information and Assignments 5

Presenters and Moderators 9

Abstracts 17

Workshop Sponsors

This workshop is sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) and the National Science Foundation (NSF)

Workshop Steering Committee

Kevin Jurrens (NIST)

Lonnie Love (ORNL)

Kalman Migler (NIST)

Zhijian Pei (NSF)

Ralph Resnick (NCDMM)

Richard Ricker (NIST)

Steven Schmid (ND)

Katherine Vorvolakos (FDA)
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

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AGENDA

Thursday, June 9, 2016

7:30 am Registration

8:30 am Opening Plenary Session Portrait Room

Moderator: ZJ Pei, National Science Foundation

► Welcome ~ Mike Molnar, Advanced Manufacturing Program Office, NIST 

► Workshop Scope and Objectives ~ Kalman Migler, NIST 

► Current Status of Polymers Roadmapping ~ Rob Gorham, America Makes

9:00 am Panel Session: Characterization of Materials Throughout Their Lifecycle

Moderator: Mark Dadmun, University of Tennessee-Knoxville 

► Matthew Di Prima, Food and Drug Administration

► Angel Yanguas-Gil, Argonne National Laboratory 

► Abraham Joy, University of Akron

10:15 am Break

10:30 am Panel Session: Process Models

Moderator: Kalman Migler (NIST)

► Slade Gardner, Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, LLC

► Peter Olmsted, Georgetown University 

► David Roberson, University of Texas-El Paso

11:45 am Lunch and Posters NIST Cafeteria

1:00 pm Panel Session: In Situ Processing Measurements Portrait Room

Moderator: Robert Maxwell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

► Miriam Rafailovich, State University of New York at Stony Brook

► Jon Seppala, NIST

► Chris Williams, Virginia Tech

2:15 pm Instructions for Breakout Sessions

► Joan Pellegrino, Energetics Incorporated

2:20 pm Move to breakout rooms

2:30 pm Breakout Session I: Targets/Capabilities for Polymer-based Additive Manufacturing

This round of concurrent breakout 

sessions will look at the envisioned

future: desired capabilities, 

characteristics, and performance.

Topic Room

Materials Heritage Room

Process Modeling Portrait Room

In Situ Measurements Lecture Room C

Performance Lecture Room D

3:15 pm Break

3:30 pm Breakout Session II: Challenges and Barriers to Achieving Targets/Goals

Participants will return to their breakout session to consider barriers limiting the broad use of polymer-based 

additive manufacturing and measurement and standards barriers, challenges, and gaps, and identify 

priority topic areas for the measurement roadmap.

5:00 pm Adjourn Day 1 Hold onto your badge and remember to bring it tomorrow!
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AGENDA

Friday, June 10, 2016

8:00 am Early Networking

8:30 am Welcome and Recap of Day 1 Portrait Room

8:40 am Panel Session: Performance

Moderator: Greg Kittlesen, FDA

► Courtney Fox, Carbon3D 

► Bryan Vogt, University of Akron

► Gerald Grant, University of Louisville

10:00 am Break and Move to Breakouts

10:15 am Breakout Session III: Pathways for Measurement Science Roadmap

Participants will return to their breakout session and review and clarify top challenges and potential 

roadmap topics. After consensus on priority topics, small groups will work together to develop priority 

roadmap action plans and next steps, which will be presented in the afternoon plenary.

11:45 pm Lunch and Posters NIST Cafeteria

1:15 pm Panel Session: Integration and Standards Portrait Room

Moderator: Carl Dekker, Met-L-Flo

► Scott Fish, University of Texas

► Praveen Tummala, 3DSystems

► Lyle Levine, NIST

2:15 pm Breakout Group Reports

2:45 pm Workshop Wrap-up and Next Steps

3:00 pm Workshop Adjourns

Definition of Measurement Science

The term “measurement science” is used in the context of creating critical-solution enabling tools – metrics, models, 

and knowledge – for U.S. manufacturers. This includes: 

 Development of 

o Performance metrics 

o Measurement and testing methods 

o Predictive modeling and simulation tools 

o Knowledge modeling 

o Protocols 

o Technical data 

o Reference materials (e.g. data sets)

o Artifacts

 Conduct of inter-comparison studies and calibrations 

 Evaluation of technologies, systems, and practices

 Development of the technical basis for standards, codes, guidelines, and/or practices 
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Posters

Name: Joe Bennett

Title: Measuring the UV Curing Parameters of Commercially Available Photopolymers used in Additive 

Manufacturing

Institution: National Institute of Standards and Technology

Name: Chad Duty

Title: Infrared preheating - A strategy to enhance interlayer strength of Big Area Additive 

Manufacturing (BAAM) components

Institution: Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, 

Knoxville

Name: Kirsten Kozlovsky, Matthew Kelly, Steven Schmid

Title: Economic Production of Next Generation Orthopedic Materials through Powder Reuse

Institution: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Notre Dame

Name: Joshua Land, Shawn Moylan, and Antonio Possolo

Title: Additive Manufacturing Round Robin Protocols: A Pilot Study

Institution: National Institute of Standards and Technology

Name: Ken Langley

Title: Advanced Polymer Chromatography - Method Development Tools for SEC Polymer Analysis

Institution: Waters

Name: Ming Leu, K. Chandrashekhara

Title: Characterization of Sparse-Build Tooling Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling

Institution: Missouri University of Science and Technology

Name: Claire McIlroy

Title: Modelling Polymer Behaviour in Fused Deposition Modelling

Institution: Department of Physics, Georgetown University

Name: Tina Ng

Title: Flexible Sensor Circuits Fabricated by Additive Printing

Institution: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego

Name: Yayue Pan

Title: Continuous Printing of Large Objects with Wide Solid Cross Sections

Institution: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago.

Name: Amy M. Peterson

Title: Residual Thermal Stresses and Interlayer Diffusion During Fused Deposition Modeling

Institution: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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Name: Steven Shpiner

Title: Additive Manufacturing of High Temperature Thermoset Resins

Institution: Prescient

Name: Matt Staymates, Lourdes Bobbio

Title: Printing parameter optimization for entry-level fused deposition modeling 3D printers

Institution: National Institute of Standards and Technology
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Breakout Session Information and Assignments

Topic Key Issues Room and Facilitator

Materials 

What measurements are needed to quantify AM materials throughout 

their life-cycle? What new measurement science tools must be 

developed to achieve this goal?

Heritage Room

Process Modeling

What types of models are required to achieve fundamental 

understanding of AM processes; to enable real-time control? What 

types of input data are required?

Portrait Room 

In Situ 

Measurements

What parameters must be measured on-line in order to achieve 

closed-loop feedback or quality control? What new measurement 

methods must be developed?

Lecture Room C

Performance

What new types of performance measures are required for AM 

manufactured goods? What measures are needed to allow 

qualification, certification or regulation of such parts and products?

Lecture Room D

CHECK YOUR ASSIGNMENT

(it is okay to switch, but please stay with the group you choose to join)

First Name LAST NAME Organization Breakout Session

Nicolas ALVAREZ Drexel University Materials Characterization

Joseph BARTOLAI Penn State Materials Characterization

Joe BENNET NIST Performance

Jack BEUTH Carnegie Mellon University Process Modelling

David BIGIO University of Maryland Process Modelling

Daniel BOWEN Honeywell Performance

K CHANDRASHEKHARA Missouri University of Science & Technology Process Modelling

Robert CHISENA University of Michigan Materials Characterization

Kevin CHOU The University of Alabama In-situ measurements

Daniel COLE US Army Research Lab Materials Characterization

Brian CZAPOR UDRI Performance

Mark DADMUN Univ. of Tennessee Materials Characterization

Anthony DECARMINE Oxford Performance Materials Performance

Jeff DEGRANGE Impossible Objects LLC In-situ measurements

Carl DEKKER Met-L-Flo Inc. Performance

Matthew DI PRIMA FDA-CDRH Materials Characterization

Chris DIMITRIOU Nike Inc Materials Characterization

Chad DUTY University of Tennessee Materials Characterization
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First Name LAST NAME Organization Breakout Session

Scott FISH Univeristy of Texax at Austin Performance

Elizabeth FITZGERALD DOE National Security Campus Materials Characterization

Courtney FOX Carbon3D Performance

Slade GARDNER Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and 

Materials, LLC Process Modelling

Robert GORHAM NCDMM Process Modelling

Scott GRANT Autodesk Materials Characterization

Gerald GRANT Louisville Performance

Yong HUANG University of Florida Process Modelling

Irada ISAYEVA FDA Materials Characterization

Terrence JOHNSON Army Research Laboratory Performance

Abraham JOY University of Akron Materials Characterization

Kevin JURRENS NIST, Intelligent Systems Division Performance

Sung KANG Johns Hopkins University In-situ measurements

Jennifer KELLY FDA In-situ measurements

Matthew KELLY University of Notre Dame Process Modelling

Jason KILGORE NIST Process Modelling

Gregg KITTLESEN FDA-CDRH Performance

Hilmar KOERNER Air Force Research Laboratory In-situ measurements

Zhenyu KONG Virginia Tech In-situ measurements

Anthony KOTULA NIST In-situ measurements

Kirsten KOZLOVSKY University of Notre Dame Performance

Mark KUJAWSKI BASF Performance

kenneth LANGLEY Waters Corporation Materials Characterization

Gary LARSON Stratasys Inc In-situ measurements

Ming LEU Missouri University of Science and 

Technology In-situ measurements

James LEWICKI Lawrence Livermore Natl. laboratory Materials Characterization

Joao MAIA Case Western Reserve University Materials Characterization

Blake MARSHALL DOE Process Modelling

Robert MAXWELL LLNL In-situ measurements

James MCGUFFIN-CAWLEY Case Western Reserve Univ Materials Characterization

Claire MCILROY Georgetown University Process Modelling

Kalman MIGLER NIST Materials Characterization

Mike MOLNAR NIST Performance
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First Name LAST NAME Organization Breakout Session

Stephanie MORAN Carbon3D Performance

Ryan MURPHY Solvay In-situ measurements

Tse Nga NG UC San Diego Materials Characterization

Thao (Vicky) NGUYEN Johns Hopkins University Process Modelling

Scott OLIG US Naval Research Laboratory Materials Characterization

Peter OLMSTED Georgetown University Process Modelling

Yayue PAN University of Illinois At Chicago Materials Characterization

Brian PATTERSON Los Alamos National Laboratory In-situ measurements

ZJ PEI National Science Foundation Performance

Amy PETERSON Worcester Polytechnic Institute Materials Characterization

Steven POLLACK Carbon 3D In-situ measurements

Timothy PRUYN AFRL/RX Materials Characterization

Miriam RAFAILOVICH Stony Brook University In-situ measurements

Russ REVEY DOE National Security Campus Materials Characterization

Rick RICKER NIST Materials Characterization

Laura RICLES Food and Drug Adminstration Performance

Mark ROBBINS Johns Hopkins University Process Modelling

David ROBERSON UTEP Process Modelling

Natalie RUDOLPH University of Wisconsin-Madison Materials Characterization

Godfrey SAUTI NIA/NASA Langley In-situ measurements

Christina SAVISAAR FDA Materials Characterization

Jay SCHIEBER Illinois Institute of Technology Process Modelling

Steve SCHMID Notre Dame Process Modelling

Lester SCHULTHEIS University of Maryland Performance

Jon SEPPALA NIST In-situ measurements

Steven SHPINER Prescient Materials Characterization

Christopher SPADACCINI Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Materials Characterization

Timothy SPAHR Arkema Inc Materials Characterization

Thomas STARR University of Louisville In-situ measurements

Daniel STOLYAROV Graphene 3D Lab Inc Materials Characterization

Limin SUN FDA Performance

Charles SWEENEY Texas A&M Materials Characterization

Blake TEIPEL Essentium Materials Materials Characterization

Mary TONEY NSF Process Modelling
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First Name LAST NAME Organization Breakout Session

John TUMBLESTON Carbon3D Performance

Praveen TUMMALA 3DSystems Performance

Anthony VAN BUUREN LLNL In-situ measurements

Bryan VOGT Univ. of Akron Performance

Katherine VORVOLAKOS FDA Performance

Xiaoke WAN Sync Optics LLC In-situ measurements

Todd WEISGRABER LLNL Process Modelling

Christopher WILLIAMS Virginia Tech In-situ measurements

Buzz WINCHESKI NASA LaRC In-situ measurements

William YACKABONIS Autodesk Performance
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Presenters and Moderators

Mark Dadmun, University of Tennessee-Knoxville

Dr. Mark Dadmun (Paul and Wilma Zeigler Professor, Chemistry Department, 

received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts and a 

Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts working with Prof. M. Muthukumar in 

Polymer Science and Engineering. He subsequently was awarded a National 

Research Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship, which was completed at the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology working with Dr. Charles Han. Prof. Dadmun 

then joined the faculty of the Chemistry Department at the University of Tennessee, 

where he is now a Full Professor. His current appointments include Joint Faculty at 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the Chemical Science Division and Associate 

Director of the UT/ORNL Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences. His current research 

interests focus on directing polymeric interfaces, the characterization, optimization, and control of the 

dispersion and morphology in multi-component polymeric materials, and understanding the superglue fuming 

of latent fingerprints.

Carl Dekker, Met-L-Flo

Carl K. Dekker serves as the President of Met-L-Flo, Inc., a growing Service Center 

for Additive Manufacturing located in Sugar Grove, IL. He has been actively involved 

in research and product development using current technologies and innovative 

methods. Currently the Chair of the ASTM F42 Committee on Standards for Additive 

Manufacturing and a Past Chairperson of the SME’s Rapid Technologies and Additive 

Manufacturing (RTAM) Community (formerly the RPA), he also serves as the Chair 

of the Direct Digital Manufacturing Tech Group of the RTAM. Being actively 

involved in fostering education he teaches the Rapid Technologies and Additive 

Manufacturing Technologies Certificate Programs and also remains active in the 

Bright Minds Program as a member and Past Co-Chair. He holds a Master Certificate 

in Rapid Prototyping and is a proud recipient of the SLA “Dinosaur” award.

Matthew Di Prima, Food and Drug Administration

Dr. Matthew Di Prima received a bachelor’s degree in Materials Science and Engineering from Rice University 

(2005) and his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology (2009) 

and is working as materials scientist at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health in the US Food and 

Drug Administration. His areas of research are investigating how the additive manufacturing process can alter 

material properties, the interplay between corrosion and durability testing, and explant analysis. Along with his 

research duties, he is the head of the Additive Manufacturing Working Group which is spearheading efforts 

across the Agency to address how this technology affects medical devices and other regulate medical products. 

These efforts include guidance and standards development, device review harmonization, and performing 

regulatory science with the intent to foster innovative and high quality products while maintaining that they 

have the same safety and effectiveness that Americans have come to expect.
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Scott Fish, University of Texas

Dr. Fish has over thirty years of research and engineering experience, covering a broad 

range of technical areas including fluid mechanics, control systems and robotics, 

ballistics and armor protection, and multi-disciplinary modeling of ground and sea 

vehicle power systems and associated maneuverability. He is currently a Sr. Research 

Scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, exploring advanced methods of process 

monitoring and control for powder bed 3D printing with polymers and metals. He has 

extensive experience executing technical projects in government, academia, and industry. 

Dr. Fish has been with the University of Texas at Austin since 1993, with appointments 

both at DARPA developing robotics technology, and with the Army as its Chief 

Scientist. He also served as a Chief Engineer and Assistant Vice President for 

Technology at SAIC with focus on ground robotics development. Prior to UT, he served 9 years with the Naval 

Surface Warfare Center conducting research and development in naval architecture and weapon system control. 

Dr. Fish holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland, Masters Degree’s in Naval 

Architecture and Mechanical Engineering from MIT, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering from 

UT Austin. Scott is a Private Pilot and is building a Cozy MKIV aircraft.

Courtney Fox, Carbon3D 

Courtney is a Research Scientist on the Carbon Materials Team, and has developed 

their internal materials characterization program. Her work is focused on 

understanding the interrelationships between printer operation processes and material 

performance and mechanical properties. She completed her M.S. and Ph.D. in 

Chemical Engineering at Stanford as a NSF Graduate Research Fellow and National 

Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellow. In her spare time, she loves to 

cook, entertain, swim, run, and ride her bicycle.

Slade Gardner, Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, LLC

Dr Slade Gardner is President of Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and 

Materials LLC, a consulting firm focused on strategic planning, business opportunity 

case studies, technology development and special projects for customers seeking 

innovative solutions for manufacturing and materials. He has advised corporations, 

institutes, national laboratories and the US Government on strategy, priorities and 

development needs on incorporation and industrial application for advanced 

manufacturing. His technical background includes equipment configuration, materials 

development and engineering transition from laboratory to factory to customer for: 

large additive manufacturing, composite structures, nanomaterials, and thermoplastic 

composites. Through these technical avenues he has reached product implementation 

for customer benefit greater than $500M. His technology insertions can be found on spacecraft, aircraft, 

sophisticated ground systems and are currently reaching into sporting goods, watercraft and motorsport. 

Previously Slade served as Fellow at Lockheed Martin Space Systems and also Fellow at Lockheed Martin 

Aeronautics in the Skunk Works division. Prior to that he was a research engineer at Amoco Carbon Fibers at 

the global R&D headquarters. His PhD in Chemical Engineering is from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 
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State University where he studied under fellowship from the National Science Foundation Science and 

Technology Center for High Performance Polymers and Composites. His BS in Chemical Engineering is from 

Lafayette College. Personal interests include traveling and dining with his wife, all seasons of mountain sports 

and he is an avid motorcycle enthusiast. 

Rob Gorham, America Makes

Rob joined the America Makes team in 2013 as the Deputy Director of Technology 

Development and in May 2014 was promoted to Director of Operations. He has more 

than a decade of solid defense research and advanced manufacturing experience. Prior 

to joining America Makes, he was the Senior Manager of the Manufacturing 

Exploration and Development (MXD) group within the Advanced Manufacturing 

Systems and Prototyping (AMS&P) directorate of Lockheed Martin (LM) Aeronautics 

– Advanced Development Programs (ADP). In this position, Rob was responsible for 

leading the transition-focused development and the application of affordable 

manufacturing technologies for LM Aeronautics and other LM Business Areas across 

the corporation. He holds a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering from Texas A&M 

University and a M.S. in Engineering Management from Southern Methodist University.

Gerald Grant, University of Louisville 

Dr. Gerald Grant received a dental degree from the University of Louisville school of 

Dentistry (1985) after which he began his career as a Navy Dental Officer, a certificate 

of training in Prosthodontics at the Navy Postgraduate Dental School (1995), a Masters 

in Oral Health from George Washington University of Health Sciences (1995) and a 

Certificate in training of Maxillofacial Prosthetics from the Navy Postgraduate Dental 

School (1999). In 2004 he became program director of the Maxillofacial Prosthetic 

Program at the Naval Postgraduate Dentals School in Bethesda, MD, where he began 

research in image capture, digital design and additive manufacturing of medical models 

and devices for craniofacial reconstruction of Wounded Warriors. He became the first 

“chief” of the 3D Medical Center at the new Walter Reed National Military Medical 

Center, where he expanded their services worldwide via an on-line accessible website to all DoD and federal 

medical/dental facilities. His experience outside of medical with AM include project leader for DARPA proof 

of concept for printing medical instruments in the field, project leader for the first training and use of a 3d 

printer on a Navy ship, and 3D print consultant to the NIH Digital files exchange. He has numerous 

publications and awards for use of digital capture, design, and additive manufacturing for medical devices, extra 

oral prostheses, virtual surgical techniques and validation of digital models. He recently retired from the Navy 

after 30 years and is presently is the Professor, Chair of Oral Health and Reconstruction at the University of 

Louisville School of Dentistry and continues his research in collaboration with the Speed School of Engineering 

and the Medical school in use of 3D Printing for medical and dental use. 

Abraham Joy, University of Akron

Abraham Joy is an assistant professor of Polymer Science at the University of Akron. He obtained his Ph.D. in 

chemistry from Tulane University, working under the mentorship of Prof. V. Ramamurthy on organic 

asymmetric photoreactions. Following his doctoral work, he carried out his postdoctoral work at the Georgia 

Institute of Technology with Prof. Gary Schuster, working on charge migration in synthetic oligonucleotides. 

Subsequently, he was an NIH Ruth Kirschstein postdoctoral fellow at Rutgers University and the Univ. 

Pennsylvania working with Prof. Joachim Kohn and Prof. Christopher Chen. During that time, he worked on 
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designing biomaterials for modulating cellular functions. In 2010 he joined the faculty of Polymer Science at 

The University of Akron as an assistant professor. The central focus of his research group is to develop 

materials for biomedical and engineering applications. The Joy Lab is engaged in developing: i) peptidomimetic 

biomaterials; ii) photoresponsive materials; and iii) self-assembled polymers.

Greg Kittlesen, FDA

Dr. Gregg Kittlesen conducts materials engineering reviews of novel neurosurgical 

devices at the FDA. Prior to joining FDA in 2013, Dr. Kittlesen’s work spanned 

semiconductor process and device development and continued into reliability 

characterization of photonic components, materials, and electronic assemblies. Previous 

employers were DfR Solutions (2 years in Beltsville, MD), Ciena (9 years in Linthicum, 

MD), Ericsson Components (15 years in Stockholm, Sweden), and Analog Devices (1 

year in Wilmington, MA). Dr. Kittlesen earned a Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry at the 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a B.A. with a major in Chemistry at 

Kalamazoo College.

Lyle Levine, NIST

Dr. Lyle Levine is a physicist at the Materials Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards 

and Technology (NIST) where he leads the Additive Manufacturing of Metals Project. With a dual emphasis on 

world-leading, quantitative materials characterization and microstructure evolution modeling, this project 

provides experimental input and validation testing for both high-fidelity AM models and reduced order models 

for AM engineering design.

Robert Maxwell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Robert S. Maxwell is currently Division Leader for the Materials Science Division in the Physical and Life 

Sciences Directorate at LLNL. ROBERT has 17 years of experience at LLNL in numerous management and 

technical roles. Prior to his current positions, he has served the Group Leader for Forensics and Assessments 

within the Chemical Sciences Division, Dept. Program Lead for the Enhanced Surveillance Campaign. He has 

also served as Director of the LLNL NMR center, the Deputy Division Leader for Science and Technology for 

CSD, Associate Program Leader for GS, and served as a U.S. representative to the Organization for the 

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Data Validation Group. He has served as Principle Investigator on numerous 

WCI, GS, and LDRD projects, including PI of the Transformation Materials Initiative, the largest LDRD ever 

funded at LLNL, focused on developing new materials and sensing platforms for the future stockpile. He 

currently serves as a senior member of the LLNL Additive Manufacturing team. He maintains research 

interests in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, materials aging, and interfacial chemistry. He has over 100 peerreviewed publications.
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Kalman Migler, NIST

Dr. Kalman Migler is a staff scientist in the Polymers and Complex Fluids Group at 

the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), where he leads the 

Additive Manufacturing of Polymers Project. His primary interest is in the 

measurement of non-equilibrium phenomena that occur during polymer processing. 

Before joining NIST, he was a postdoctoral research fellow at Exxon’s Corporate 

Research Laboratory and at the Collège de France. He earned his Ph.D. in Physics 

from Brandeis University. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. 

http://www.nist.gov/mml/msed/polymers/kalman-migler.cfm

Mike Molnar, Advanced Manufacturing Program Office, NIST

Mike Molnar likes to be introduced simply as "a manufacturing guy from industry" 

with nearly 30 years of experience in advanced manufacturing. To help provide an 

industry focus in 2011 he was named the first Chief Manufacturing Officer of the 

National Institute of Standards and Technology. Today Mike leads the NIST 

Advanced Manufacturing Program Office for extramural manufacturing programs 

and also serves as the director of the interagency Advanced Manufacturing National 

Program Office. As called for by the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership 

initiative, the AMNPO's mission is to foster industry-led partnerships and to form a 

"whole of government" approach to strengthen competitiveness and innovation in 

U.S. manufacturing. Mike's experience includes leadership roles in advanced 

manufacturing, metrology, manufacturing systems, quality, technology 

development, sustainability and industrial energy efficiency. His credentials include 

service as a Federal Fellow in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and election as 

Fellow of both the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He 

is a licensed Professional Engineer, a Certified Manufacturing Engineer and a Certified Energy Manager. He 

received a Master of Business Administration from the University of Notre Dame, and both a Master of Science 

in Manufacturing Systems Engineering and a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the 

University of Wisconsin. He is an active member of professional societies, consortia and volunteer 

organizations.

Peter Olmsted, Georgetown University 

Peter Olmsted received an AB in Physics from Cornell (1984); and a PhD in 

Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1991), where he 

studied the theory of liquid crystal hydrodynamics and non-equilibrium phase 

transitions. Following post-docs at Exxon, Cambridge, and the University of 

Michigan, where he worked on a variety of soft matter physics topics (membrane, 

polymers, biophysics, liquid crystals and liquid crystalline elastomers), he moved to 

Leeds in 1996 for a University Research Fellowship. He became Professor in 2005, 

and led the Soft Matter Physics group in Leeds from 2008-2013. In 2014 he moved 

to Georgetown University in Washington DC, as Joseph Semmes Ives Chair in 

Physics, where he joined the new Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and 

Metrology (ISM2). He is currently the Director of the Institute. Olmsted is a Fellow 
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of the Institute of Physics (UK), and a Fellow of the American Physical Society (Division of Polymer Physics), 

and he was awarded the British Society of Rheology Annual Award in 2008. His research achievements include 

models for polymer crystallization at rest and under flow, explanations for shear banding in complex fluids such 

as polymer and surfactants, and an experimental-computational collaboration that revealed how mechanical 

force unfolds proteins. While in the UK he was in several European Union networks on Soft Matter, and led the 

EU Integrated Training Network DYNACOP (Dynamics of Architecturally Complex Fluids) from 2008-

2012. He is the Secretary/Treasurer of the APS Topical Group on Soft Matter (GSOFT).

Miriam Rafailovich, State University of New York at Stony Brook

Miriam Rafailovich received her PhD from Stony Brook University in Applied 

Nuclear Physics. She then did her post-doctoral work at Brookhaven National 

Laboratory and the Weizmann Institute. Miriam was associate professor of Physics and 

Astronomy at CUNY, Queens College and is currently a distinguished professor at 

Stony Brook University in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. 

Miriam is the director of the Garcia Center for Polymers at Engineered Interfaces. Her 

research interests span a broad spectrum which includes, Polymer nancomposites for 

additive manufacturing, biopolymers, biosensors, tissue engineering scaffolds, 

nanotoxicology, flame retardant composites, and polymers for green energy 

applications. Miriam is also known as a pioneer in the integration of research with 

education. She has graduated more than 60 PhD and Masters students and mentored 

several hundred undergraduate and high school students from across the United States and abroad. She is the 

co-author of more than 360 publications in peer reviewed journals and technical review articles, a Lady Davis 

Foundation Scholar and a fellow the American Physical Society.

David Roberson, University of Texas-El Paso

David A. Roberson, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Metallurgical, 

Materials and Biomedical Engineering at The University of Texas at El Paso. He 

currently directs the Polymer Extrusion Lab in the W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation 

where he performs research related to the development of novel polymer matrix 

composites and polymer blends for additive manufacturing applications. Dr. Roberson 

has over twenty years of experience in materials characterization and electron 

microscopy techniques. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Roberson spent eight years 

working as an engineer in the semiconductor industry in the area of Defect Metrology

for Intel Corporation (2001-2006) and Qimonda NA (2006-2009).

Jon Seppala, NIST

Jonathan Seppala is a chemical engineer in the Materials Science and Engineering 

Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). He is currently the 

technical lead in the additive manufacturing effort in the Polymer Processing and 

Rheology Project. His current research focuses on using infrared thermography, rheology, 

fracture mechanics, and neutron and x-ray reflectivity to study the polymer physics of 

thermoplastic additive manufacturing processes. Jonathan earned a B.S. in Chemical 

Engineering from Michigan Technological University and a Ph.D. in Chemical 

Engineering from Michigan State University studying the rheology and thermodynamics 

of polymer nanocomposites. Following his Ph.D., Jonathan worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher studying thin 
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film self-assembly of block copolymers and equilibrium dynamics of amphiphilic micelles at the University of 

Delaware. Prior to joining the Polymer Processing and Rheology project, Jonathan studied ballistic witness 

materials and shear thickening fluids as part of the Personal Body Armor Project at NIST.

Praveen Tummala, 3DSystems

Praveen Tummala is a Manager, R&D Materials & Process at 3D Systems. In this role, 

he leads & manages projects related to development and launch of new materials and 

processes for SLS and PJP 3D Printing technologies. He is also heavily involved in 

creating the materials roadmap and strategically positioning the company’s materials for 

these two technologies. While at 3D Systems, he invented a water soluble adhesive that 

can be used as a medium in between the print material and the print pad for the PJP 

technology, and an apparatus and accompanying process that will aid in controlled and 

faster cooling of the 3D printed parts built using SLS technology. Prior to joining 3D 

Systems, Praveen worked at an extrusion custom compounding company called Quality 

Thermoplastic Resins (QTR). While at QTR, he was responsible for custom developing 

polymer blends & alloys and engineering polymers using additives and filler to achieve specific end properties. 

Prior to joining QTR, Praveen was a Research Specialist at the Composite Materials & Structures Center at 

Michigan State University where he worked on developing biodegradable plastics and fabricating natural fiber 

composites. Praveen holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Chemical Engineering from Andhra University (India) and a 

Master’s Degree in Materials Engineering from Michigan State University. His Master’s Degree thesis was on 

‘Ultraviolet Light Surface Treatment of Polymers & Polymer Composites for Enhancement in Surface 

Adhesion.’’

Bryan Vogt, University of Akron

Bryan D. Vogt is a professor in the Department of Polymer Engineering at the 

University of Akron. He received his BS at Michigan Technological University in 

Chemical Engineering. He received his PhD in Chemical Engineering while working 

with Jim Watkins at the University of Massachusetts and was a NRC postdoctoral 

fellow with Wen-li Wu in the Polymers Division at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD. After 4 

years at NIST, he joined the faculty at Arizona State University in Chemical 

Engineering in 2006. He received an NSF CAREER Award in 2008. He moved to the 

University of Akron as an Associate Professor of Polymer Engineering in fall 2011. His 

research interests focus on fundamental interface and self-assembly problems with an 

eye on potential applications and scalability for their commercialization. Areas of 

investigation include measurements of the mechanical properties of polymer thin films with potential impact on 

novel methods to improve the mechanical stability of nanostructures; combined neutron measurements and 

fracture mechanics to fundamentally understand the moisture resistance of polymeric adhesive joints; model 

porous materials for battery electrodes adsorbents and sensors to understand property-structure relationships; 

scalable routes to generate hierarchically porous composites for low cost sodium ion battery electrodes; 

nanoscale hydrogels based on supramolecular assembly; and new polymer processes for manufacture.
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

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June 9-10, 2016

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Chris Williams, Virginia Tech

Christopher Williams, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor and the Electro-Mechanical 

Corporation Senior Faculty Fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at 

Virginia Tech. He is the Director of the Design, Research, and Education for Additive 

Manufacturing Systems (DREAMS) Laboratory, and the Associate Director of Virginia 

Tech’s Macromolecules & Interfaces Institute. He is a recipient of a National Science 

Foundation CAREER Award (2013), the 2012 International Outstanding Young 

Researcher in Freeform and Additive Manufacturing Award, and the 2010 Emerald 

Engineering Outstanding Doctoral Research Award in the area of Additive 

Manufacturing. His research contributions have been recognized by eight Best Paper 

awards at international design, manufacturing, and engineering education conferences.

Angel Yanguas-Gil, Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering

Principal Materials Scientist & Institute Fellow. Strong focus on the synthesis of 

nanomaterials for energy applications, ranging from fundamentals of materials growth 

and simulations to process development, and scale up of energy materials. Atomic Layer 

Deposition, synchrotron characterization techniques, plasma-surface interaction, wide 

bandgap semiconductors.
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

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June 9-10, 2016

Page | 17

Abstracts

PANEL SESSION: CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THEIR LIFECYCLE

Moderator: Mark Dadmun, University of Tennessee-Knoxville 

► Matthew Di Prima, Food and Drug Administration

► Angel Yanguas-Gil, Argonne National Laboratory 

► Abraham Joy, University of Akron

FDA’s perspective on 3D Printing of Medical Devices:

► Matthew Di Prima, Food and Drug Administration

While additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D Printing, was developed in the 1980’s, it wasn’t widely 

adopted by medical device manufactures until the new millennia. In the last few years there has been an increase in 

cleared medical devices made via AM. While there are a number of different AM technologies being used to make 

medical products; one aspect they have in common is that the final material is made at the same time as the device. This 

has led to greater emphasis on materials and process validation in AM devices to ensure that neither the AM technology 

nor the build parameters adversely affect the final performance of the additively manufactured device. This presentation 

will provide a high level overview of the AM devices that have been cleared by the FDA along with the technical 

considerations (focused on materials validation) that the Agency has when reviewing these devices.

Building to last: challenges in additive manufacturing going from prototype to functional component

► Angel Yanguas-Gil, Argonne National Laboratory 

The adoption of 3D printing for the design of advanced functional materials comes with a number of challenges in terms 

of our understanding of the durability and performance in the field of manufactured parts. This can have a tremendous 

impact on any technoecomical analysis of processes relying on 3D printed parts.

In this talk I will focus on the challenges and unknowns of taking additive manufacturing from rapid prototyping to the 

fabrication of components with a core functionality. An important part of our research focuses on the modification of the 

surface chemistry of 3D printed polymer materials. Consequently, the chemical properties of 3D printed materials and 

their long term behavior, both in terms of their biocompatibility and their stability on chemically active environments, are 

critical for our applications. Based on our own experience, the development of capabilities to evaluate the materials in the 

field in a cost-effective manner, and the dissemination and adoption of standard techniques by non-specialists are two 

important gaps that need to be addressed.

3D printed polymers for biomedical applications 

► Abraham Joy, University of Akron

The expanding role of 3D printing in biomedical applications has captured the imagination of both scientists and the 

general public. The potential of 3D printing custom biomedical products has been demonstrated by fabrication of splints 

for damaged tracheae, aortic valves, drug-loaded microneedles etc. Several 3D printing technologies and processes have 

been utilized to fabricate 3D printed polymers for these applications. This talk will briefly illustrate the various types of

polymers used in 3D printing for fabrication of 

biomedical applications and contrast the advantages and 

disadvantages of each process. In addition, the talk will 

describe a contrasting approach developed in our lab 

where low modulus degradable polymers were designed 

to enable solvent-free 3D printing at room temperature. 

Irrespective of the technique or polymers used in 

designing polymeric 3D printed structures, translation 

of such scaffolds will be dependent upon their effective 

characterization and performance evaluation, both after 

fabrication and during its lifecycle. It is the intent of this 

presentation to catalyze this conversation. 
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing

June 9-10, 2016

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PANEL SESSION: PROCESS MODELS

Moderator: Kalman Migler (NIST)

► Slade Gardner, Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, LLC

► Peter Olmsted, Georgetown University 

► David Roberson, University of Texas-El Paso

Elements of Generative Design Driving the Future of Process Modeling

► Slade Gardner, Slade Gardner Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, LLC

Although it is challenging, modeling polymer manufacturing processes has significantly improved the ability to produce 

high quality, reproducible, affordable and sophisticated articles. Additive manufacturing presents unique challenges for 

process models that include pseudo-controlled environment, variability of time between flow and substrate character of a 

material volume, absence of tooling to bound geometry, desire to change materials during a build, inconsistent start/stop 

and other difficult-to-control behaviors. The direction of additive design is headed towards collecting and using relevant 

mechanical, thermal and physical inputs for artificial intelligence driven design software and high performance computing 

machine learning to generate product designs that are mission inspired rather than based on legacy architectures. This 

capability is a tide that will raise all ships providing discrete digital information about each volume element of a structure 

– data that can be then incorporated in feed-forward process modeling algorithms. The challenges mentioned above for 

polymer additive beg the need for feed-forward modeling combined with process monitoring and feedback control in a 

rapidly responsive and adaptable control scheme that accounts for multiple time scales of interest. The process modeling 

of the future may need to occur first as a global description of the process (similar to the flow modeling of injection 

molding) to build confidence of high quality results and also in real time based on actual measured process circumstances. 

As a first step this may amount to inserting a process simulation algorithm into the feedback loop for process control 

variables but as high performance computing machine learning capabilities elevate, the use of artificial intelligence for 

process control may become the norm. 

Polymer Processing issues in Additive Manufacturing

► Peter Olmsted, Georgetown University

Additive Manufacturing is exploding as a means for making personal products, with rapid design times and a multitude 

of evolving formats and functions. Arenas include metals, polymers, composites, biopolymers, and applications range 

from aircraft and automobile parts to medical implants and prototypes and tools for conventional manufacturing. 

The desire and ability to create products rapidly and at small controlled scales are creating a revolution akin to the 

processing (such as lithographies) that underpins the electronics industry, which occurred in the 1950s-1960s. There are 

numerous methods for AM of polymeric materials. I will discuss some of the processing challenges faced with using 

polymers in the AM arena, and outline some of the specific issues that distinguish AM polymer processing from more 

familiar arenas of polymer processing, with a strong emphasis on fused deposition modeling (FSM).

Advanced Polymer Additive Manufacturing and Characterization

► David Roberson, University of Texas-El Paso

Increasing the disruptive nature of additive manufacturing (AM) occurs with the aid of advanced process and materials 

development. The following highlights efforts and achievements at the W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation related to 

polymer AM in the areas of both process and materials development. Key areas of discussion will be hybrid 

manufacturing techniques, novel polymer materials development, and burgeoning polymer materials characterization 

effort. 

 
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing

June 9-10, 2016

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PANEL SESSION: IN SITU PROCESSING MEASUREMENTS 

Moderator: Robert Maxwell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

► Miriam Rafailovich, State University of New York at Stony Brook

► Jon Seppala, NIST

► Chris Williams, Virginia Teck

Polymer physics of weld formation during polymer extrusion 3D printing

► Jon Seppala, NIST

In polymer extrusion 3D printing, a material extrusion AM method, thermoplastic filament is extruded though a rastering 

nozzle onto previously deposited layers. The resulting strength of the 3D produced part is limited by the strength of the 

weld between each layer. While numerous factors can affect the weld strength, the temperature of the extrudate and the 

previous layer dictate the amount of interdiffusion and thus the weld strength. Temperature measurements were performed 

using infrared thermography. Isothermal weld times were calculated from temperature profiles, normalized using 

horizontal shift factors from offline rheological measurements. Weld strength was measured directly by mode III fracture. 

Since the processing conditions are known a priori this approach provides the data needed to estimate the final build 

strength at time of design. The resulting agreement between weld time estimates and weld strength for a range of printing 

conditions are discussed.

Molecules to Manufacturing: Expanding the Polymeric Materials Toolbox

► Chris Williams, Virginia Tech

In an effort to expand the selection of printable polymers, researchers at Virginia Tech’s Macromolecules Innovation 

Institute (MII) are collaborating within a “Molecules to Manufacturing” paradigm. The centerpiece of this approach is 

shift away from tailoring AM systems for existing materials, and instead moving towards the design and synthesis of 

materials specifically for layer-wise processing. The research challenge with such a goal lies in the lack of formal 

scientific methodologies for materials screening and process parameter optimization. In this talk, we present our initial 

steps towards using analytical material measurements to screen materials and to efficiently identify process parameters. 

Examples of materials synthesized via the Molecules to Manufacturing approach will also be shared.
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing

June 9-10, 2016

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PANEL SESSION: PERFORMANCE

Moderator: Greg Kittlesen, FDA

► Courtney Fox, Carbon3D 

► Brian Vogt, University of Akron

► Gerald Grant, University of Louisville

Functional Prototyping with Polymeric Materials

► Courtney Fox, Carbon3D 

While plastics are used extensively to manufacture end-use parts through injection molding, polymeric materials for 

additive manufacturing have historically been limited to use as prototyping materials. Polymeric parts produced by 

additive manufacturing suffer from performance issues including anisotropy, surface defects, porosity, and poor 

mechanical properties. In particular, photopolymer systems like those used in stereolithography (SLA) are often brittle 

and rigid. Carbon has developed materials that can be used to rapidly produce parts with isotropic mechanical properties, 

layerless surfaces, and remarkable mechanical properties. These materials have been used to produce functional parts for 

medical, automotive, and consumer applications. In this talk we explore the performance of parts manufactured using 

Carbon’s additive technology and propose metrics for establishing standards for manufacturing 3D printed parts.

Polymer Processing for FDM and Incorporating Functionality into 3D Printed Parts

► Brian Vogt, University of Akron

In this talk, I will briefly layout some of the processing specific challenges for FDM that impact the properties of the 

printed parts. These challenges tend to lead to poor mechanical performance in FDM printed parts. However, one can 

engineer anisotropy in these printed parts to accentuate certain failure directions, which can be normal to the applied load. 

The printing of cellular structures similarly provides a route to dramatically increase the impact strength of 3D printed 

parts. Measurements to assess the morphology, particularly void fraction in the parts, are illustrated. Finally, I will discuss 

the ability to control the macrostructure of responsive polymer parts through the print parameters used in generating the 

part.

Use of additive manufacturing in reconstruction and rehabilitation

► Gerald Grant, University of Louisville

The use of Additive manufacturing has been instrumental in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of wounded 

warriors. The use of imaging, digital design and printed models, implantable devices, surgical guides, extra oral 

prostheses, prosthetics accessories, and occupational devices have provided unprecedented opportunities to improve the 

wounded warriors quality of life. This presentation will include examples of how AM was used and a discussion on the

need to improve printable materials, imaging, design, and more efficient workflow.
Roadmapping Workshop: Measurement Science for 

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing

June 9-10, 2016

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PANEL SESSION: INTEGRATION AND STANDARDS

Moderator: Carl Dekker, Met-L-Flo

► Scott Fish, University of Texas

► Praveen Tummala, 3DSystems

► Lyle Levine, NIST

Abstract for Integration and Standards Panel

► Scott Fish, University of Texas

I plan to discuss three topics from my perspective as a technology developer and partner with manufacturing industry for 

Polymer AM Adoption: 

• Barriers adoption

• Standards as an aid to adoption

• Hard spots in standards development today

Examples will be cited for each in a quick 15-minute summary.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of SLS & PJP 3D Printing Technologies as Manufacturing Platforms –

Accelerating the Adoption using Standards

► Praveen Tummala, 3DSystems

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Plastic Jet Printing (PJP) are two 3D Printing technologies that are capable of 

delivering functional parts and hence are well positioned to be adopted as manufacturing platforms. However, both these 

technologies use thermoplastic polymers as print materials and hence face the complications associated with thermal 

processes like heating and cooling. These thermal related issues need to be overcome in order to achieve good part quality 

and uniform mechanical properties throughout the volume of the build. Factors like location of the parts and orientation of 

the parts along with commonly known factors associated with thermal and laser energy delivery have a profound effect on 

the final quality and properties of the parts. In situ monitoring and closed loop feedback controls can greatly help reduce 

the variability of these processes and make them more stable. Standards can mandate the requirement for better process 

controls to be in place and help achieve consistent and uniform quality and properties.

AM-Bench

► Lyle Levine, NIST

Dr. Levine will describe the Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench), that has the goal of developing 

highly controlled benchmark tests for validation of AM simulations by the scientific community. The AM-Bench 

organizing committee currently has 59 representatives from 40 organizations including five DoE labs, all three main DoD 

labs, four NASA centers, NIST, and numerous companies, institutes and universities.