F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

MAR 8 2000

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

F. MICHAEL CREUSERE, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

v.

SUSANNA MURPHY, individually

and in her official capacity as

Superintendent of Tularosa Municipal

Schools, Tularosa, NM; GARNETT

E. TWYMAN, individually and in his

official capacity as Superintendent of

Henry County Public Schools, New

Castle, KY; MICHAEL DORAME,

individually and in his positions of

Assistant Superintendent, Acting

Superintendent, and Superintendent

of Tularosa Municipal Schools,

Tularosa, NM; DONALD

MENDONCA, individually and in his

official positions of chairman and

member of the Tularosa Municipal

School Board, Tularosa, NM;

MANUEL RODRIGUES,

individually and in his official

position as member of the Tularosa

Municipal School Board, Tularosa,

NM; GODFREY CORDOVA,

individually, and in his official

position as member of the Tularosa

Municipal School Board, Tularosa,

NM; DAVE SHEPPARD,

individually and in his official

position as member of the Tularosa

Municipal School Board, Tularosa,

NM; REGINALD TORTILLA,

No. 99-2181

(D.C. No. CIV-97-98-LH/DJS)

(D. N.M.)
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individually and in his official

position as member of the Tularosa

Municipal School Board, Tularosa,

NM; ROBERT SAINZ, individually

and in his official position as member

of the Tularosa Municipal School

Board, Tularosa, NM; BOBBY

MONTOYA, individually and in his

official position as member of the

Tularosa Municipal School Board,

Tularosa NM; TULAROSA

MUNICIPAL BOARD OF

EDUCATION; RONALD

GEISHEIMER, individually and in

his official capacities as Principal

and the Administrative Team at

Tularosa High School, Tularosa, NM;

ROBERT CERNY, individually and

in his official capacities as Assistant

Principal and the Administrative

Team at Tularosa High School,

Tularosa, NM; PAM MILLER,

individually and in her official

capacities as Athletic Director and

the Administrative Team at Tularosa

High School, Tularosa, NM; HENRY

COUNTY BOARD OF

EDUCATION, of New Castle,

Henry County, KY, 

Defendants-Appellees,

and

JOHN MURPHY, individually and

as a co-conspirator of Susanna

Murphy in her official capacity of

Superintendent of Tularosa Municipal

Schools, Tularosa, NM and as

a co-conspirator of Garnett E.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

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Twyman in his official capacity of

Superintendent of Henry County

Public Schools, New Castle, KY;

JOHN DOES, all unnamed persons,

individually and in their official

capacity as members of the Tularosa

Municipal School Board, Tularosa,

NM from 1994 to present,

Defendants.

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before TACHA , ANDERSON , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

Plaintiff F. Michael Creusere appeals from an order of the district court

granting summary judgment to defendants. We affirm.

Mr. Creusere was employed as a science teacher in the Tularosa, New

Mexico School District from 1986 to 1994. Mr. Creusere offers two reasons as
1 Mr. Creusere’s appeal in the Kentucky action was dismissed as the notice

of appeal was untimely. See Creusere v. Twyman , No. 98-5783 (6th Cir. Dec. 13,

1999).

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to why his employment with the school district ended. He states he informed the

Board of Education in January 1994, that he would not return at the expiration of

his contract due to the negative, anti-academic atmosphere. He also states that his

contract was not renewed due to his expressed opinions about matters of public

concern including the funding of athletic programs at the expense of academic

programs thus forcing students to chose between athletics and academics.

Mr. Creusere was then hired by the Henry County, Kentucky School

District as a science teacher and coach for the 1994-95 school year. He was

terminated by Henry County at the end of that school year for insubordination,

conduct unbecoming a teacher, inefficiency, incompetency and neglect of duty.

Mr. Creusere commenced an action in the federal district court in the

Eastern District of Kentucky against many of the same defendants as present here. 

The defendants are employed in various capacities with either the Tularosa or

Henry County school districts. He brought claims under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983, 1985,

and the First, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. The Kentucky Eastern

District court dismissed the action against the New Mexico defendants for failure

to state a claim. The court granted the Kentucky defendants’ motion for summary

judgment. 1
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Mr. Creusere then commenced this action. Here, Mr. Creusere raises many

of the same issues he raised in Kentucky. He also names many of the same

defendants. The district court granted the defendants’ motions for summary

judgment holding that his claims against the New Mexico defendants were barred

by res judicata and collateral estoppel . The court granted the Kentucky

defendants motion for summary judgment on the basis that it lacked personal

jurisdiction over those defendants.

On appeal, Mr. Creusere argues that a conspiracy existed and the district

court should have granted his default motion against defendant John Murphy. 

Mr. Creusere asserts that res judicata and collateral estoppel do not apply against

the New Mexico defendants because his issues could not be heard in a single

forum and he has valid claims against both the New Mexico and Kentucky

defendants . Mr. Creusere argues the district court’s orders were confusing as it

did not reduce them to writing. 

“We review the entry of summary judgment de novo, drawing all

reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmovants.” Hulsey v. Kmart, Inc.,

43 F.3d 555, 557 (10th Cir. 1994). The moving party must show there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of

law. See id. The nonmovant must establish, at a minimum, an inference of the

presence of each element essential to the case. See id.
2 Although the Kentucky district court dismissed the action against the New

Mexico defendants, “[a] ruling that a party has failed to state a claim on which

relief may be granted is a decision on the merits with full res judicata effect.” See

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Dyer , 19 F.3d 514, 518 n.8 (10th Cir. 1994)

(quotation omitted).

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The district court granted summary judgment to the New Mexico

defendants on the basis of res judicata and collateral estoppel . The court

determined that Mr. Creusere had brought the same claims against the same

parties in Kentucky. 2 Mr. Creusere argues that the Kentucky district court did

not have jurisdiction over the New Mexico defendants because service was

never properly effected.

A defect in the district court’s jurisdiction over a party is a personal

defense which may be asserted or waived by a party. Objections to

personal jurisdiction and service of process must be asserted in the

answer or in a pre-answer motion. If a party files a pre-answer

motion and fails to assert the defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction

or insufficiency of service, he waives these defenses.

FDIC v. Oaklawn Apartments , 959 F.2d 170, 174-75 (10th Cir. 1992) (quotation

and citations omitted).

The New Mexico defendants waived any defense relating to service of

process by failing to assert it. Therefore, the Kentucky district court properly

exercised jurisdiction over them.

Collateral estoppel precludes the relitigation of an issue that has been

decided in a previous action. See Murdock v. Ute Indian Tribe of Uintah &
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Ouray Reservation , 975 F.2d 683, 687 (10th Cir. 1992). Res judicata bars the

relitigation of claims that arise from the same cause of action and that were or

could have been advanced in a prior proceeding. See Nwosun v. General Mills

Restaurants, Inc., 124 F.3d 1255, 1257 (10th Cir. 1997). We agree with the

district court that the claims Mr. Creusere raises here are barred by these two

doctrines. See Murdock , 975 F.2d at 687-90 (collateral estoppel) (identifying

elements which must be satisfied); Nwosun , 124 F.3d at 1257 (res judicata)

(same). We disagree with Mr. Creusere that he could not have brought all his

claims in the same action.

The district court granted summary judgment for the Kentucky defendants

because it did not have subject matter jurisdiction over them since they did not

have the requisite minimum contacts with New Mexico. The record shows that

the only contacts the Kentucky defendants had with New Mexico were several

phone calls by defendant Twyman to Tularosa school officials requesting

confirmation of Mr. Creusere’s employment information. Twyman received

several faxes in response. Mr. Creusere has not shown that the Kentucky

defendants engaged in any actions which would permit the New Mexico district

court to exercise personal jurisdiction over them pursuant to N.M. Stat. Ann.

§ 38-1-16(A).
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Mr. Creusere argues that the district court should have granted his motion

for default against defendant John Murphy as a conspirator in this action. 

Mr. Murphy is not a named appellee in this appeal and we do not address this

issue as Mr. Murphy had no notice that he was subject to the jurisdiction of this

court on appeal and had no opportunity file a brief. See United States v. Morales ,

108 F.3d 1213, 1223 (10th Cir. 1997). However, we note that Mr. Creusere has

failed to meet the requirements for showing a conspiracy. The bald conclusory

statement in his complaint will not suffice. See Brown v. Zavaras , 63 F.3d 967,

972 (10th Cir. 1995).

Our review shows that the district court’s orders were clear. If

Mr. Creusere were confused, he should have requested clarification from

the court.

The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of

New Mexico is AFFIRMED for substantially the reasons set forth in its order

of May 20, 1999. The mandate shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

Stephen H. Anderson

Circuit Judge