# Patent

## Title
Wash process for removing undesired components in samples being analyzed

## Abstract

A method for removing undesired component(s) from bound desired component(s) in an analysis including: (a) providing a container having a desired component bound thereto and an undesired component; (b) dispensing wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to contact a portion of the bound desired component; (c) oscillating wash fluid level in the container; and (d) removing a portion of the wash fluid from the container. A method for removing undesired components from bound desired components in an analysis including steps (a) and (b) above; (c) removing the wash fluid; (d) dispensing a wash fluid at a subsequent level lower than the first level and sufficient to wash the bound desired substrate; and (e) removing wash fluid. Preferably, the desired component is an analyte being measured. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component in an analysis by removing a surface portion of fluid containing a portion of the undesired component.

## Background
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/294,876, filed Nov. 14, 2002 now abandoned, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component, in particular for improving the bound-free separation efficiency. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for separating or washing a bound analyte being analyzed in an automated clinical analyzer from unbound label, particularly without decreasing processing efficiency or speed.
2. Description of the Related Art
Methods and systems for washing containers that hold samples being analyzed, such as analyzers for conducting clinical assays are known, e.g., wash stations in clinical analyzer immunochemical assay systems. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,561 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/482,599 filed Jan. 13, 2000 entitled “Failure Detection in Automatic Clinical Analyzers” describe immunoassay analyzers that include container wash stations for washing containers containing one or more analytes bound to coated sample containers that are measured, for example, by chemiluminescence. Such systems typically contain a sample wash station that may include a wash fluid dispense nozzle and an aspirating nozzle. The sample containing analyte and reagent, e.g., label, is aspirated out of the container after it has been incubated. Wash fluid is then dispensed into and aspirated out of the container one or more times to remove any excess analyte and reagent not bound to the coating, such as streptavidin, at the side of the container. Some known surface coated containers have features, such as pockets or ledges, near the top of the container that can trap unbound material, such as unbound label, analyte, etc. These features may be the result of the process used to mold the containers and/or to keep the containers separated in a stack. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,441,895, which describes stackable containers. The incubation, reagent metering and mixing processes involved in immunochemical assay analysis move the sample in the container in a manner that leaves a film of sample containing unbound label and/or analyte on the pockets and ledges that are in the upper regions of the container.
Typically in immunochemical assay systems, an important aspect that affects the performance is bound-free separation. The bound-free separation is controlled by two primary factors:

    
    
        (1) the component or material, such as the bound label, that is intended to produce signal remains behind and intact; and
        (2) the unbound (i.e., free) component or material is removed as completely as possible.
    
    


In particular, there are several assays that have clinically significant performance very close to the background of the assay. This means that small amounts of unbound material present during the measurement portion of the process, particularly signal producing material, can produce a substantial adverse impact on performance.
To remove unbound material as completely as possible, a container wash process typically includes multiple wash cycles, such as filling a surface coated container to a first height on the container with a wash fluid and aspirating the wash fluid after a predetermined amount of time. For example, in one known process, a dispensing nozzle fills the container, which has a 300 μl capacity up to a height of 270 μl and then sets the soak height to 230 μl so the well can be transported during the wash incubation step (≅37-40 seconds). These steps, including the incubation step, are repeated multiple times (e.g., four times) using the same fluid heights. Unbound material that can be present in the upper regions of the container is only removed by inadvertent exposure to the wash fluid. Considerable erroneous signal can be generated when the wash fluid makes contact with unbound material in the upper regions of the container where the material is re-hydrated but not removed. The unbound material can then drop into the signal reagent during the last processing step that is intended to detect the amount of label bound to the container surface.
Another problem with known systems that remove fluid by aspiration is that the outer surface of an aspirating nozzle can become contaminated with the wash fluid containing unbound material. This can lead to contamination of the container with unbound material in subsequent wash cycles (in that particular test or across subsequent tests). Still another problem with known systems that unbound material can reside or float on top of the fluid, even after several wash steps. This can also interfere with any subsequent analysis of the desired bound material. It is believed that surfactant in wash fluid can trap unbound material enabling it to float. Upon the addition of an additional fluid, such as a signal reagent, the unbound material, can float to the surface of the fluid, where it will interfere with subsequent analysis. This may particularly be the case if the unbound material is horseradish peroxidase (“HRP”), which when bound to denatured protein may also prefer to float on the surface of the signal reagent fluid, where it will combine with the signal associated with bound HRP and create a false signal which will be read, thereby leading to erroneous results.
The problems described above may lead to the unbound material remaining in the test container and possibly interfering with the subsequent analysis of the analyte, leading to tests that need to be repeated at considerable inconvenience and expense due to inaccurate results.
It is known in the art that the unbound material in the upper regions of the container can be removed more completely if the fluid were to be filled higher in the container and remain there for the soak cycle (i.e., container wash incubation). This is not practical for a random access analyzer system since the test element needs to be transported during the soak cycle so other tests elements can be processed. Batch analyzers leave the test element static during this process step, which allows the fluid level moved to the very top of the container (positive meniscus). Even analyzers that fill the test element to the very top of the container may still have issues with not completely removing unbound label at the very top, if there are features in this region that can trap or retain unbound material. This is especially true when each wash processing cycle raises the fluid to the same height. In this process, the last processing step can cause any residual unbound material to flow into a region of the test element where it can interact with the signal generating reagents, thus producing erroneous results.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known art described above. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved wash process for washing a container holding a sample being analyzed; in particular, a wash process that allows separation of undesired unbound material from desired bound material. Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved wash process for an immunochemical assay system that removes unbound material without substantially reducing the amount of signal from the bound fraction. Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved process for analyzing an analyte having a signal strength close to the background noise. Another object of the invention is to provide for improved removal of unbound material in a time frame of  ̃2.5 seconds (excluding wash incubation time), which enables the test elements to be processed without any significant and preferably no degradation in the system throughput (efficiency or number or tests per hour).
The foregoing and further objects of the invention are accomplished according to one aspect of the invention that provides a method for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component in an analysis that includes the steps of: (a) providing a container having a desired component bound thereto and an undesired component; (b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to contact at least a portion of the bound desired component; (c) oscillating the level of the wash fluid in the container; and (d) removing at least a portion of the wash fluid from the container. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for washing an analyte bound to the walls of a surface coated container of an analyzer that includes: (a) providing a surface coated container having an analyte bound thereto; (b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to contact at least a portion of the analyte bound thereto; (c) oscillating the level of the wash fluid in the container; and (d) removing the wash fluid from the surface coated container.
Still another aspect of the invention provides a method for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component in an analysis that includes the steps of: (a) providing a container having a desired bound component bound thereto and an undesired component; (b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to wash at least a portion of the bound desired component; (c) removing the wash fluid from the container; (d) subsequently dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a subsequent level that is lower than the first level and is sufficient to wash at least a portion of the bound desired substrate; and (e) removing the wash fluid from the container.
Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method for washing an analyte bound to the walls of a surface coated container of an analyzer that includes the steps of: (a) providing a surface coated container having an analyte bound thereto; (b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to wash at least a portion of the analyte bound thereto; (c) removing the wash fluid from the surface coated container; (d) subsequently dispensing a wash fluid in the sample container at a second level that is lower than the first level and sufficient to wash at least a portion of the analyte bound thereto; and (e) removing the wash fluid from the sample container.
Still another aspect of the invention provides a method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample, that includes the steps of: (a) providing a sample containing an analyte in a coated container; (b) providing a reagent in the container; (c) optionally incubating the combined sample and reagent; (d) performing a wash as described above; (e) optionally adding a signal reagent; and (f) analyzing the sample for an analyte. Preferably, the analyte being measured is Troponin I.
Another aspect of the invention provides the methods described above implemented by a computer program interfacing with a computer, and an article of manufacture that includes a computer usable medium having computer readable program code configured to conduct the methods described above.
Another aspect of the invention provides for improved removal of unbound material in a time frame of  ̃2.5 seconds (excluding wash incubation time), which enables the test elements to be processed without any significant and preferably no degradation in the system throughput (efficiency or number or tests per hour).
Still another aspect of the invention provides a method for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component in an analysis that includes the steps of: (a) providing a container having a desired component bound thereto and an undesired component; (b) dispensing a fluid into the container, such that at least a portion of the undesired component is on the surface of the fluid; and (c) removing a surface portion of the fluid containing the undesired portion. This aspect of the invention can be used by itself, or more preferably, can be used with the other aspects of the invention described above.
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from detailed consideration of the preferred embodiments that follow.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a cup-shaped container according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a container wash dispenser according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a dose curve for Troponin I.
FIG. 4 shows a dose curve for Troponin I in the clinically significant region from 0-0.08 ng/ml.
FIG. 5 shows a graph comparing assay performance for Troponin I using an oscillating wash process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (plotted as squares) and a conventional wash process (triangles).
FIG. 6 shows a graph comparing assay performance for Troponin I using a wash process with signal reagent aspiration according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (diamonds) and a conventional wash process (squares) with an analyzer deliberately configured to produce worst case performance.
FIG. 7 shows a graph comparing assay performance for Troponin I using a wash process with both signal reagent aspiration and an oscillating wash (squares) and a conventional wash process (diamonds).
FIG. 8 shows a graph comparing assay performance for HBsAg using a wash process with both signal reagent aspiration and an oscillating wash (diamonds) and a conventional wash process (squares).
FIG. 9 shows a graph comparing assay performance for HBsAg using a wash process with both signal reagent aspiration and an oscillating wash (diamonds) and a conventional wash process (squares).



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a method for washing a container containing a sample being analyzed, in order to assure that components (such as analyte and bound label) in the sample bound to the substrate remain, while unbound components, such as unbound label, are removed from the container. While much of the foregoing and following description is related to automated immunochemical assay analyzers, the present invention is not so limited. In particular, the present process can be applied to any analysis or separation, chemical, immunological or otherwise. The coated container being washed includes those components (single or multiple) of the sample that are bound and those components (single or multiple) of the sample that need to be removed, such as excess analyte (e.g., Troponin I and HBsAg), excess reagents, such as biotin or unbound label (e.g., HRP), the liquid phase, undesired materials/interferents (e.g., hemoglobin), etc. The coated container can also include streptavidin coated containers that have not been further modified or treated, such as biotinylation. In this instance, the bound material is the streptavidin coating and the unbound material is any impurity to be removed before further treatment in the process.
According to a first preferred embodiment, a container suitable for containing a wash fluid and sample is provided. The container can include materials such as plastic, glass, metal, etc. and can be configured as a cup, well, cuvette, test tube, etc. As noted above, the container can include features from an injection molding process and/or features from stacking the containers. Prior to the wash process, the container and the sample may have been through previous processes, such as reagent addition or incubation as will be described more fully below. As used herein, a “wash cycle” is the dispensing and aspirating of wash fluid into and out of the container and does not include the incubation time, which is generally on the order of ≅37.5 seconds.
Prior to the first dispense of wash fluid, the container may have any liquid phase and/or solids not containing the portion of the sample, e.g., the analyte, not being washed, first removed, such as by aspiration. The wash fluid is then dispensed into the container. It should be understood that in some cases, it is possible for the wash fluid to be first dispensed before the sample is present in the container. However, in a preferred aspect of the invention, the sample, including the analyte and label, are present in the container prior to the first dispense. Upon dispensing, the wash fluid contacts at least a portion of the container containing the bound desired material or component to ensure removal of the undesired and unbound material or component into the wash fluid. The dispense can be accomplished with a dispensing nozzle, or any other satisfactory fluid dispensing apparatus. If a dispense nozzle is used, it can be the same or different than the aspirate nozzle, described below. In those embodiments where a pre-wash is performed before a sample is added to the container, the wash fluid may be of a different composition than the wash fluid typically used. For example, the wash fluid for a pre-wash cycle may include a protein, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) to act as a blocking agent.
After a selected time of contact, the wash fluid is removed from the container, such as by aspirating with a nozzle, resulting in the completion of a wash cycle. Alternatively, the fluid removal can be accomplished with any other known fluid removal devices, such as inversion of the container, etc.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the wash cycle can include an oscillating process. Upon dispensing the wash fluid into the container, small amounts (i.e., a less than complete emptying of the container, for example,) of wash fluid are dispensed and removed from the container. The oscillating action of the wash fluid creates a moving meniscus. The moving meniscus reduces the concentration gradient at the boundary layer of the container wall by constantly refreshing the wash fluid at the surface on the container wall in contact with the moving meniscus. The meniscus moving along the surface of the container forces the wash fluid to drain from the container surface providing convective transport along the surface. That is, the moving meniscus made possible by the oscillation, enhances the fluid velocity as close as possible to the boundary layer to maximize the concentration gradient at the boundary. While moving meniscus are known to enhance diffusion at boundary layers, the present inventors believe that this is the first time such a concept has been applied to the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, two complete oscillations may be provided, one oscillation being up and down nozzle travel, or vice versa. Applicants have found that, even with the oscillation, it is possible to provide a wash cycle that takes approximately the same time as known wash processes, even though there are several additional steps that are required by the oscillation. Preferably, the wash cycle takes approximately 3 seconds, more preferably approximately 2.5 seconds.
According to another preferred aspect, after removal in the first wash cycle, a wash incubation step of approximately 37.5 seconds follows. After the wash incubation step, a further dispense and removal wash cycle may be provided. The dispense step in the further wash cycle or cycles dispenses fluid into the container at a level which is lower than a previous wash cycle. This ensures that once the upper portion of the container has been cleaned and removed of sufficient undesired material, it will no longer contact subsequent washes and not allow for the possibility of recontamination of the upper reaches of the container in subsequent wash cycles.
As many wash cycles as required can be used according to the present invention. A preferred number of wash cycles is one to six, more preferably four. Also, other steps during the wash cycle can also be performed, if desired. Moreover, the oscillating process embodiment described above can be carried out during one or all of the wash cycles.
In systems where an aspirating nozzle is used to remove the wash fluid, the rate of the nozzle descent is generally balanced with the amount of wash liquid being removed from the container. That is, the aspirating nozzle relative to the surface of the fluid will remain substantially constant. In the present invention, the inventors have found that reducing the rate of the aspirate nozzle descent and elimination of any fluid dispense during the aspirate nozzle descent, particularly in the final wash, preferably the fourth wash, reduces the likelihood that the aspirate nozzle will be submerged in the wash fluid. Submerging the nozzle in the wash fluid on the final wash cycle makes it likely that any unbound material on the outside of the nozzle will be washed off the nozzle and leave residual undesired or unbound material in the container that can give an incorrect result, such as an elevated signal. In a preferred embodiment, the rate of descent is 1⁄3 slower relative to the rate of descent in previous wash cycles (where the previous wash cycle rate of descent is where the fluid aspirate rate and rate of descent are balanced as described above).
In some embodiments, particularly in systems where the wash fluid is temperature controlled, the wash fluid dispense may be on during the aspirate nozzle descent. This is done to further improve the control of the wash fluid temperature during the soak cycle where the temperature control device is in the wash nozzle head 50 (FIG. 2). The nozzle contains fluid ( ̃80 μl) that is retained by the nozzle after the temperature control element in the wash head so this amount of fluid quickly reaches room temperature. By dispensing and quickly aspirating during nozzle descent, the colder fluid in the nozzle not at wash temperature is quickly removed. In this embodiment, the present inventors have found it particularly advantageous to turn off the wash fluid dispense during the final wash aspirate nozzle descent in order to reduce the curvature of the fluid meniscus in the container. This further reduces the likelihood that the aspirate nozzle will be submerged and become contaminated.
According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a method for removing an undesired component from a bound desired component by removing, preferably by aspirating, a top layer of fluid that is in the container. This aspect of the invention can be used alone, or preferably can be used with the wash process described above during any stage of the wash process before, during or after, and as shown in the description of FIGS. 6 to 9 below.
One of the problems that lead to the present invention was the problem of results that were outside the statistical norm for the sample being tested, so-called “outliers.” The inventors found that one solution to outliers resided in reducing interfering undesired, generally unbound components from bound desired components using the process described in the first part of the specification. Based on the data generated in various wash processes, it was believed that another source of unbound materials was also present. This additional source of interfering unbound material is material that resides or floats on top of the fluid, even after several wash steps.
This material can also interfere with any subsequent analysis of the desired bound material. While not being bound by any theory, it is believed that surfactant in wash fluid can trap unbound material. Upon the addition of an additional fluid, such as a signal reagent, the unbound material, can float to the surface of the fluid, where it will interfere with subsequent analysis. A preferred signal incubation time is over 4 minutes. This incubation time will provide time for unbound material to become dislodged from the surfaces where it is attached and to float to the surface where it can be removed by the aspiration.
This may particularly be the case if the unbound material is label, such horseradish peroxidase (“HRP”), which is or is attached to a denatured protein. The protein may prefer to float on the surface of the signal reagent fluid, where it will combine with the signal producing reagent and create a false signal which will be read, thereby leading to erroneous results. Based on these discoveries, applicants found that removing the top layer of fluid at some point before measurement, results in fewer outliers. In the case of immunochemisty, the surface film would be removed after the addition of signal reagent. Experiments, as described in FIGS. 6 to 9 below, demonstrate that any remaining outliers were essentially eliminated or significantly reduced. This was quite unexpected and surprising because the removal of the surface layer of the fluid did not change the dose curve or degrade the precision as would normally be expected from an additional process step.
The dose curve is an expression describing the ratio of the signal of the assay to the amount of component that one is attempting to measure. For example, for Troponin see the data below and the plot in FIG. 3:













Concentration
Signal



(ng/mL)
(light units)


















0
6.10678



0.358
34.3152



0.779
73.5325



1.22
120.708



3.43
425.336



12.3
2117.63



37.8
7953.13









One issue with some analytes such as Troponin in particular, is that there is very little signal in the clinically significant region from 0-0.08 ng/ml. This plot is shown in the graph of FIG. 4.
As the plot in FIG. 4 demonstrates, if the line approaches horizontal one will be working with less signal and therefore have inherently more imprecision. If one were to employ a wash method that produced a more precise signal response but did this at the expense of reducing half of the usable signal in the critical range, then there would be little or no benefit unless the improvement is significantly better than 2×. An advantage of the present invention that there is a significant improvement in low end precision without reducing the amount of usable signal. This aspect of the invention is useful in any analysis that may have an interfering undersired component on the surface of the sample holder, such as a well or cuvette described above. The timing of the surface film removal depends on the system and chemistry being employed. If immunochemistry were employed, the removal would be after addition of signal reagent and any incubation. This incubation is expected to enhance the amount of material that becomes dislodged from the surface. It may also impact the amount of material that floats to the surface. It would be expected that the effectiveness of this process is greatest after some incubation period. Chemiluminescent (immunochemistry) assays will have this incubation period and not produce a buildup of signal since this type of process only produces light.
An advantage of the surface removal embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as the aspirate or aspiration embodiment) that employs an incubation of a signal producing reagent is that it enables an overall shorter time to result and better system throughput for the equivalent amount of wash efficiency. This is because the aspirate embodiment makes double use of the signal reagent incubation by turning signal reagent incubation into a supplemental wash process (soak) while incubating at the same time. For example, in a preferred embodiment described above, there is generally a total of 120 seconds of soak time between washes (3 soaks at 40 seconds each). With the preferred aspiration process, an additional soak time of 4 minutes and 40 seconds is added (i.e., the signal incubation time in certain embodiments) is provided resulting in a greater than 4 times increase for soak time. Thus, there is a longer effective wash/soak time for the embodiments that use the aspiration process compared to an equivalent method but does not employ the aspiration process.
If the analysis is a calorimetric analysis having a dye detection system, the surface film or layer should be removed before the endpoint color is measured. A dye detection system results in a buildup of color density with time if there is signal producing material present. Thus, if the aspirate embodiment is used in a calorimetric type assay the method will be somewhat modified. For example, the surface of the fluid may be aspirated multiple times during the detection incubation process. Another alternative would be to put in a wash fluid and aspirate the surface after an incubation time. An advantage of this method over the current state of the art methods having an extended wash soak time is that aspiration of the surface film before removal of the bulk fluid would be expected to remove a concentrated layer of unbound material. This unbound material could get re-deposited on the surface of the container using conventional aspiration methods where an aspiration nozzle removes the bulk fluid without first selectively removing or aspirating the surface film.
The ultimate timing of the surface film removal depends on the system and chemistry being employed and can be determined by those skilled in the art using the present specification as a guide.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the processes described above are employed in an immunodiagnostic assay analyzer, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,561 and copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/482,599 filed Jan. 13, 2000 entitled “Failure Detection in Automated Clinical Analyzers,” both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. In preferred immunodiagnostic analyzers, the container is cup-shaped. Preferred containers are 0.35 ml, conical containers coated with a material complementary to the reagents. Container coatings can comprise materials such as streptavidin and/or other materials useful for immunochemical analysis as is well known in the art to facilitate binding by a biotinylated antigen or antibody to which an analyte binds as part of the assay chemistry. An exemplary container 10 is shown in FIG. 1. Also preferred are separate wash dispense and aspirating probes, such as the wash dispense 20 and aspiration nozzles 30 in wash unit 40 shown in FIG. 2.
In a typical immunodiagnostic analyzer, the analyzer is categorized into systems and subsystems of components that perform different processes in the sequence of measuring a sample for an analyte, such as those described in the '599 application. A typical process involves a sample being dispensed into a container that may or may not already have a reagent present in the container that is dispensed by a reagent metering system. After the reagent is added, the sample is diluted, if necessary, and then incubated. After incubation, the container is washed, in this instance according to the inventive wash. After washing, a signal reagent is added, followed by further incubation, if necessary, optionally followed by the surface removal embodiment. The signal produced by the combination bound analyte/signal reagent is read by the appropriate detector, e.g., a luminometer.
The wash process according to the present invention can be implemented by a computer program, having computer readable program code, interfacing with the computer controller of the analyzer as is known in the art.
A particularly preferred wash sequence (not including the wash incubation) is as follows (with a typical wash sequence shown for comparison).

















Process step




Process

(preferred
Present invention



step
Known wash
embodiment) of
preffered wash


Wash #
(known)
process
present invention
process



















1
1
Turn on vacuum
1
Starts downward




before starting

travel with vacuum




nozzle downward

off




travel




1
2
Starts to dispense
2
Finds sample + reagent




fluid when aspirate

fluid height




nozzle is at the top






of the incubator ring.






Start of 80 μl






predispense




1
3
Travels to bottom of
3
Turns on vacuum




container and waits

and turns on start of




until for 80 μl

80 μl predispense




dispense to be






complete




1
4
Reverses direction
4
Travels to bottom of




with vacuum on (no

container and waits




delay) and starts to

until for 80 μl




dispense 270 μl

dispense to be




volume

complete


1
5
Waits for 270 μl of
5
Waits 30 ms at




fluid to be dispense

bottom of container






with vacuum on and






dispense off


1
6
Lowers nozzle to the
6
Reverses direction




230 μl position with

with vacuum on and




the vacuum on and

starts to dispense




then immediately

270 μl volume waiting




reverses direction

at the 270 μl position




lifting nozzle to






home with vacuum






on for 800 ms to






clear fluid from






nozzle and line




1
7

7
With dispense on and






vacuum on nozzle raises






to 320 μl position and






waits 60 ms (sufficient






time dispense of >60 μl)


1
8

8
With dispense and






vacuum on nozzle lowers






to 250 μl position


1
9

9
With dispense on and






vacuum on nozzle raises






to 320 μl position and






waits 60 ms (sufficient






time dispense of >60 μl)


1
10

10
Nozzle moves down to






270 μl position remains






steady for 50 ms and then






dispense is turned off and






waits an other 30 ms


1


11
Nozzle lowers to 230 μl






height with vacuum on






and stays there for 30 ms






before lifting (to control






the fluid soak height)


1


12
Nozzle lifts to home






position and incubator






starts to turn with nozzle






vacuum still on for 500 ms






to evaluate nozzle and






line of fluid


2
1
Turn on vacuum before
1
Starts downward travel




starting nozzle

with vacuum off




downward travel




2
2
Starts to dispense fluid
2
Finds soak volume from




when aspirate nozzle is

wash #1 (should be at




at the top of the

230 μl)




incubator ring. Start of






80 μl predispense




2
3
Travels to bottom of
3
Turns on vacuum and




container and waits

turns on start of 80 μl




until for 80 μl dispense

predispense




to be complete




2
4
Reverses direction with
4
Travels to bottom of




vacuum on (no delay)

container and waits until




and starts to dispense

for 80 μl dispense to be




270 μl volume

complete


2
5
Waits for 270 μl of fluid
5
Waits 30 ms at bottom of




to be dispense

container with vacuum on






and dispense off


2
6
Lowers nozzle to the
6
Reverses direction with




230 μl position with the

vacuum on and starts to




vacuum on and then

dispense 270 μl volume




immediately reverses

waiting at the 270 μl




direction lifting nozzle

position




to home with vacuum






on for 800 ms to clear






fluid from nozzle and






line




2
7

7
With dispense on and






vacuum on nozzle raises






to 320 μl position and






waits 60 ms (sufficient






time dispense of >60 μl)


2
8

8
With dispense and






vacuum on nozzle lowers






to 250 μl position


2
9

9
With dispense on and






vacuum on nozzle raises






to 320 μl position and






waits 60 ms (sufficient






time dispense of >60 μl)


2
10

10
Nozzle moves down to






270 μl position remains






steady for 50 ms and then






dispense is turned off and






waits another 30 ms


2


11
Nozzle lowers to 230 μl






height with vacuum on






and stays there for 30 ms






before lifting (to control






the fluid soak height)


2


12
Nozzle lifts to home






position and incubator






starts to turn with nozzle






vacuum still on for 500 ms






to evaluate nozzle and






line of fluid


3
1
Turn on vacuum before
1
Starts downward travel




starting nozzle

with vacuum off




downward travel




3
2
Starts to dispense fluid
2
Finds soak volume from




when aspirate nozzle is

wash #2 (should be at




at the top of the

230 μl)




incubator ring. Start of






80 μl predispense




3
3
Travels to bottom of
3
Turns on vacuum and




container and waits

turns on start of 80 μl




until for 80 μl dispense

predispense




to be complete




3
4
Reverses direction with
4
Travels to bottom of




vacuum on (no delay)

container and waits for




and starts to dispense

80 μl dispense to be




270 μl volume

complete


3
5
Waits for 270 μl of fluid
5
Waits 30 ms at bottom of




to be dispense

container with vacuum on






and dispense off


3
6
Lowers nozzle to the
6
Reverses direction with




230 μl position with the

vacuum on and starts to




vacuum on and then

dispense 270 μl volume




immediately reverses

waiting at the 270 μl




direction lifting nozzle

position




to home with vacuum






on for 800 ms to clear






fluid from nozzle and






line




3
7

7
With dispense off and






vacuum on nozzle lowers






to 220 μl position and






waits 30 ms


3
8

8
With dispense and






vacuum on nozzle raises






to 270 μl position waits






there for the dispense to






complete the 40 μl






dispense (40 ms)


3
9

9
The dispense is turned off






and the nozzle lowers to






220 μl position and waits






there 30 ms to control the






fluid height


3
10

10
The dispense is turned on






and the nozzle raises to






250 μl position waiting for






the 30 μl dispense to be






completed


3


11
The dispense is turned off






and the nozzle lowers to






222 μl height with vacuum






on and stays there for






30 ms before lifting (which






is the soak height)


3


12
Nozzle lifts to home






position and incubator






starts to turn with nozzle






vacuum still on for 500 ms






to clear nozzle and line of






fluid



1
Turn on vacuum before
1
Starts downward travel




starting nozzle

with vacuum off and finds




downward travel

soak height of wash #3






with level sensing


4
2
Starts to dispense fluid
2
Turn on vacuum before




when aspirate nozzle is

starting nozzle downward




at the top of the

travel dropping at a




incubator ring. Start of

speed that is 1⁄3 slower




80 μl predispense

than the baseline wash






rate of nozzle descent






(goes to the bottom of the






container).






Note that there is no 80 μl






dispense


4
3
Travels to bottom of
3
Waits at the bottom of the




container and waits

container for 30 ms before




until for 80 μl dispense

reversing direction




to be complete




4
4
Reverses direction with
4
Turns on the dispense




vacuum on (no delay)

and lifts the nozzle to the




and starts to dispense

230 μl height waiting for




270 μl volume

230 μl of fluid to be






dispensed


4
5
Waits for 270 μl of fiuid
5
Turns off the dispense




to be dispense

and the nozzle drops to






the bottom of the






container with the






vacuum on at the slower






rate of decline (same as






the first part of wash #4)


4
6
Lowers nozzle to the
6
The nozzle waits in the




bottom of the container

bottom of the container




with the vacuum on

for 500 ms with the






vacuum on (the total






amount of time that the






container is being






evacuated is the same






since the slower rate of






decline took an additional






300 ms)


4
7
Waits at the bottom of
7
The nozzle is lifted with




the container for

the vacuum on




800 ms with the






vacuum on to reduce






the amount of wash






residual




4
8
Lifts the nozzle to
8
Nozzle lifts to home




home with the vacuum

position and incubator




on and leaves the

starts to turn with nozzle




vacuum on for 800 ms

vacuum still on for 500 ms




before the ring moves

to clear nozzle and line of






fluid









A particularly preferred aspiration sequence is as follows (with a typical wash sequence shown for comparison).















Process





step





(Preferred



Proc-

embodiment)
Present invention


ess

of present
preferred aspiration


step
Process step (Known)
invention
process


















1
Well with SR is below
1
Well with signal



the wash nozzle at the

reagent (SR) is below



end of the SR incubation

the wash nozzle at the



cycle (40 seconds before

end of the SR



read)

incubation cycle (40





seconds before read)


2
Wash nozzle is lowered
2
Wash nozzle is lowered



with the vacuum and

with the vacuum and



dispense off with the

dispense off with the



capacitance level

capacitance level



sensing being used to

sensing being used to



trigger the stop in

trigger the stop in



downward travel of the

downward travel of the



nozzle

nozzle


3
When fluid is found the
3
When fluid is found the



nozzle stops moving

nozzle stops moving



down (if fluid is not

down (if fluid is not



found the nozzle

found the nozzle stops



stops at a fixed step

at a fixed step count



count that is just

that is just below 175 μl



below 175 μl height)

height)


4
Nozzle immediately
4
If the SR aspirate is



reverses direction if fluid

part of the process for



is found or if the

this well, the aspirate



maximum travel is

valve opens, the nozzle



reached. Vacuum or

drops 5 steps and the



dispense is never turned

vacuum remains on for



on

100 ms


5
Wash nozzle then
5
A total of ~25 μl of SR is



washes the next well

removed from the well



presented to it without a

based on test data



well wash prime




6
If there was no well wash
6
The wash nozzle then



scheduled between

changes direction and



successive DIVE

lifts with the vacuum on



readings of SR the wash





nozzle does a well wash





prime process (currently





the old process)




7

7
The vacuum remains





on for 500 ms to dry the





end of the wash probe





of any residual SR and





to clear to line of





residual SR


8

8
Wash nozzle then





washes the next well





presented to it without





a well wash prime




9
If there was no well





wash scheduled





between successive





DIVE readings of SR





the wash nozzle does a





well wash prime





process (the new probe





wash process)









The present invention has proved to be particularly useful in improving the analysis performance of Troponin I (cTnI), a protein detectable in the bloodstream 4 to 6 hours after an acute myocardial infraction. Using the above wash process (both known and the present invention), several runs were carried out to determine levels of Troponin I according to the procedure set out below.
Example 1
Biotin reagent was added to streptavidin-coated containers containing samples to initiate a reaction between biotinylated anti-cTnI antibody, the streptavidin coated container and the cTnI present in the sample. HRP conjugate reagent was also added to initiate a reaction between HRP-conjugated anti-cTnI antibody and the cTnI in the sample. The sample and reagent were then incubated for 8 minutes and 37° C. After incubation, the containers containing the samples were washed according to the present invention and according to the known wash process. Following washing, signal reagent containing a luminol derivative, a peracid salt and a substituted acetanilide electron transfer agent was added to produce luminescence that was read using a luminometer. The results are shown in the graph set forth in FIG. 5. As the graph shows, the results using the wash process of the present invention are much more consistent and have fewer outliers than the results using the known wash process.
Example 2
Eight washes were performed with signal reagent aspiration as described above, and eight washes without signal reagent aspiration. The results are shown in the graph set forth in FIG. 6. As the graph shows, the results using the oscillating wash process and signal reagent aspiration of the present invention are much more consistent and have fewer outliers than the results using the known wash process.
Example 3
One set of washes was performed with signal reagent aspirate and oscillating wash. Another set of washes was performed with no signal aspirate or oscillating wash. The results are shown in the graph set forth in FIG. 7. As the graph shows, the results using the wash process of the present invention are much more consistent and have fewer outliers than the results using the known wash process.
Examples 4 and 5
The present invention is also useful in improving the analysis performance of HBsAg, (hepatitis B surface antigen). Mouse monoclonal anti-HBs antibody coated containers, HRP-labeled mouse monoclonal anti-HBs antibody conjugate and HbsAg in the sample were reacted. The sample was then incubated for 29 minutes and 37° C. After incubation, the containers containing the samples were washed according to the oscillating embodiment of the present invention and according to the known wash process. Following washing, signal reagent containing a luminol derivative, a peracid salt and a substituted acetanilide electron transfer agent was added, followed by a signal reagent incubation to produce luminescence that was read using a luminometer. Prior to reading the signal, the surface film was removed using the surface removal embodiment of the invention. Using the above wash processes (both known and the present invention), several runs were carried out to determine levels of HBsAg.
The HBsAg performance comparison is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Both the non signal aspiration and the signal aspiration data included wells run with and without the oscillating wash in this data set, because the data set was so small. The results demonstrate a significant difference in performance at the low end of prediction for this assay.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the compounds, compositions and processes of this invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations, provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The disclosure of all publications cited above are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entireties to the same extent as if each were incorporated by reference individually.

## Claims

1. A method for washing an analyte and label bound to the walls of a surface coated container of an analyzer comprising:
(a) providing a surface coated container having an analyte and label bound thereto;
(b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to contact at least a portion of the analyte and label bound thereto;
(c) oscillating the level of the same wash fluid in the container to remove unbound label using either a nozzle for dispense and aspiration or separate dispense and aspiration nozzles; and
(d) removing the wash fluid from the surface coated container.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein steps (b)-(d) take about 2.5 seconds or less.

3. A method according to claim 1, further comprising after step (d), incubating the container containing the wash fluid.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the incubation takes about 37.5 seconds.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the container is cup-shaped with features at the upper end.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein during the removing of the wash fluid step no additional wash fluid is dispensed and the rate of descent of the aspirating nozzle is reduced relative to a previous removing of the wash fluid to reduce or avoid the contact of the outer surface of the nozzle with the wash fluid.

7. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a subsequent dispensing of a wash fluid in the container at a level that is lower than the first level and is sufficient to contact at least a portion of the bound analyte and label; and
a subsequent removing of the wash fluid from the container, wherein the oscillating (c) occurs between any of the dispensing and removing steps.

8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of adding an additional fluid after the subsequent removing of the wash fluid and removing a surface portion.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the additional fluid contains a signal reagent and the surface portion of the fluid is removed by aspiration before the bound analyte analyzed.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the analyzer is an immunodiagnostic assay analyzer and the container is cup-shaped and is coated with an antibody and the analyte being measured is Hepatitis.

11. A method according to claim 7, wherein the oscillating occurs during a dispensing and removing step subsequent to the first dispensing and removing step.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is an immunodiagnostic assay analyzer.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the container is cup-shaped and is coated with an antibody.

14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the analyte being measured is Troponin I.

15. A method according to claim 1 implemented by a computer program interfacing with a computer.

16. A method for washing an analyte and label bound to the walls of a surface coated container of an analyzer to remove unbound label comprising:
(a) providing a surface coated container having an analyte and label bound thereto and unbound label;
(b) dispensing a wash fluid in the container at a first level sufficient to wash at least a portion of the analyte and label bound thereto;
(c) removing the wash fluid from the surface coated container;
(d) subsequently dispensing a wash fluid in the sample container at a second level that is lower than the first level and sufficient to wash at least a portion of the analyte and label bound thereto to remove unbound label;
(e) removing the wash fluid from the sample container;

wherein the removing and dispensing of the wash fluid is performed using either a nozzle for dispense and aspiration or separate dispense and aspiration nozzles.

17. A method according to claim 16, further comprising oscillating the level of the same wash fluid between at least one of the dispensing and the removing steps.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the oscillating occurs during a dispensing and removing step subsequent to the first dispensing and removing step.

19. A method according to claim 16, wherein the removing the wash fluid step (e) includes aspirating the wash fluid out of the container with an aspirating nozzle.

20. A method according to claim 16, wherein the container is cup-shaped with features at the upper end.

21. A method according to claim 19, wherein during the removing of the wash fluid step (e) no additional wash fluid is dispensed and the rate of descent of the aspirating nozzle is reduced relative a previous removal of the wash fluid to reduce or avoid the contact of the outer surface of the nozzle with the wash fluid.

22. A method according to claim 16, wherein the dispensing and removing the wash fluid steps occurs at least four times, with the subsequent wash fluid levels lower than or equal to previous levels and at least one subsequent level lower than a previous level.

23. A method according to claim 16, wherein the analyzer is an immunodiagnostic assay analyzer.

24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the container is cup-shaped and is coated with an antibody.

25. A method according to claim 23, wherein the container is cup-shaped and is coated with an antibody.

26. A method according to claim 23, wherein the analyte being measured is Troponin I.

27. A method according to claim 16, wherein the removing the wash fluid steps includes aspirating the wash fluid out of the container with an aspirating nozzle.

28. A method according to claim 22, wherein the removing the wash fluid steps includes aspirating the wash fluid out of the container with an aspirating nozzle.

29. A method according to claim 28, wherein during the fourth removal of the wash fluid, no additional wash relative to an earlier removal of the wash fluid is dispensed and the rate of descent of the aspirating nozzle is reduced relative to an earlier removal of the wash fluid to reduce or avoid the contact of the outer surface of the nozzle with the wash fluid.

30. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sample containing an analyte in a coated container;
(b) providing a reagent in the container;
(c) optionally incubating the combined sample and reagent;
(d) performing the wash according to claim 1;
(e) optionally adding a signal reagent; and
(f) analyzing the sample for an analyte.

31. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample according to claim 30, wherein a fluid containing a signal reagent is added in step (e) and further comprising (e1) removing the surface of the signal reagent fluid.

32. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample according to claim 31, wherein the step of removal (e1) is by aspiration.

33. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample, comprising the steps of:
(g) providing a sample containing an analyte in a coated container;
(h) providing a reagent in the container;
(i) optionally incubating the combined sample and reagent;
(j) performing the wash according to claim 16;
(k) optionally adding a signal reagent; and
(l) analyzing the sample for an analyte.

34. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample according to claim 33, wherein a fluid containing a signal reagent is added in step (k) and further comprising (k1) removing the surface of the signal reagent fluid.

35. A method of determining the amount of an analyte in a sample according to claim 34, wherein the step of removal (k1) is by aspiration.

36. A method for removing unbound label from a bound analyte and bound label in an analysis comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a container having an analyte and label bound thereto and unbound label;
(b) dispensing a signal reagent into the container, such that at least a portion of the undesired component is on the surface of the signal reagent; and
(c) removing a surface portion of the signal reagent containing the undesired portion.

37. A method according to claim 36, further comprising (d) analyzing the analyte.

38. A method according to claim 36, wherein surface portion of the fluid is removed by aspiration.

39. A method according to claim 37, wherein the analysis is conducted in an immunodiagnostic assay analyzer and the container is cup-shaped and is coated with an antibody and the analyte being measured is Hepatitis.

40. A method according to claim 37, wherein there is a longer effective wash/soak time compared to a method that does not employ the surface removal step.