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Purpose 

The purpose of these procedures is to describe the setup, measurement, and 

reporting procedures for alpha- and beta-particle radioactivity-measurements. 

Included, are descriptions of measurements using the primary standards the NIST 

2πα proportional counter (small-area) and the NIST 2πα/β proportional counter 

(large-area). Also included, are measurements using the primary standards in 

conjunction with a passive implanted planar silicon detector (PIPS), or the NIST 

table (external counter). 

Scope 

These procedures describe the alpha- and beta-particle-emission-rate 

measurements for “thin” conductive solid alpha- and beta-particle emitting sources 

by means of the small- and large-area proportional counters, mixed source 

spectroscopy using the PIPS, and the emission-rate measurements of higher activity 

sources using the external counter. Test number 43030C corresponds to emission 

rate calibrations of alpha- and beta-particle-emitting radionuclides and activity 

calibrations of alpha particle-emitting radionuclides. Test number 43040C is for 

activity calibrations of beta-particle-emitting radionuclides. Test number 43050C 

refers to calibrations of mixed-alpha-particle-emitting sources. Circular sources with 

a diameter of up to 10 cm can be measured in the small-area 2πα counter. Sources 

with dimensions of 18 cm by 30 cm or smaller can be measured in the large-area 

2πα/β. Small-circular sources with a diameter of up to 5 cm can be measured in the 

PIPS. Sources with dimensions of 18 cm by 30 cm can be measured on the NIST 

table. The measurement procedures for test number 43031S are the same as the 

other services, but allow for proficiency testing and for the calibration of sources that 

are outside the parameters set in the other services. Additional tasks are involved in 

proficiency tests, see Appendix C for details. All sources measured in the counters 

must have an electrically conducting surface layer so that no accumulated charge is 

developed that can cause field distortion. 

Definitions 

Alpha-particle-emission-rate: the number of alpha particles emitted into 2π-geometry 

per unit time. The measurement unit is s-1 (counts per second or cps). 

Activity: the number of nuclei that disintegrate per unit time. The measurement unit is 

the becquerel (Bq). 
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Equipment

 

• Small-area 2πα proportional counter 

• Large-area 2πα/β proportional counter 

• PIPS counter 

• NIST table external counter 

• Computers and MCA with data collection and reduction capabilities 

• Compressed air gas tank, attachments, and controls 

• P-10 counting gas tanks, attachments, and controls 

• Associated electronic equipment including mini bins, voltage supply, pre-amplifiers 

and amplifiers 

Equipment Quality Control 

The functioning of the instrumentation is checked by comparing the measurement 

results for a standard reference source, corrected for decay and background, with 

previous results for the same standard. The measurements on the standards are 

recorded in the small-area Excel spreadsheet file “CheckSA”, for the large-area 

spreadsheet file “CheckLA”, external counter spreadsheet “CheckNT”, and PIPS 

spreadsheet “CheckSB” found in the “Excel Files” folder in the “Documents” folder 

accessed on the investigator’s computer, and backed-up on an external drive and 

the division shared drive, 682 (\\elwood.nist.gov)(L:) >internal>PL846_04. 

Validation of Software 

Validation of manual calculation of experimental results is performed by comparing 

values found using data processing software. This is performed on the initial version 

and subsequent to any changes in the program. Results of validations are recorded 

in the current alpha- and beta-test binder. This software is stored on computers used 

for these procedures, by authorized personnel, in building 245 room H220. 

Health and Safety Precautions 

Radiation Safety 

Radiation safety training and assessment services are provided by the NIST 

Radiation Safety Division (RSD). Rooms containing radioactive sources are kept 

locked when not occupied and are accessible only to designated members of the 

Radiation Physics Division and emergency response personnel. Sources are 

handled by operators using gloves. Radiation signage is posted in the relevant 
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areas. Basic radiation monitoring and smear counting are handled in accordance 

with standard RSD procedures. Additional hazard mitigation efforts are practiced as 

described in the Safety Evaluation 0002 and the associated standard operating 

procedures.

Electrical Safety 

All high voltages are encased in protective boxes and cannot be easily opened. 

Procedures 

Preliminary 

• Customer contact: when customers request information prior to placing orders 

they are given specifications for physical dimensions and activity limits, emphasizing 

that submitted sources must be electrically conductive. Customers are directed to 

place their order on the E-commerce storefront, or to contact calibration service staff 

for assistance in setting up a profile in the system. A copy of the purchasing 

documentation is obtained for the test binder. The customer is provided the NIST 

shipping address, including the assigned RS number and indicating RSD Building 

245, Room H113 to ensure that RSD receives the package directly. They are also 

instructed to wait until safety paperwork is approved before shipping. 

• NIST paperwork and acceptance procedure: submit NIST 364, “Radioactive 

Material Request,” for approval via the Radiation Safety Information Management 

System (RSIMS). Once approved the customer is notified to ship the source(s). 

After receipt, the source(s) are cleared by RSD, the order is updated in e-commerce 

to reflect the source(s) have arrived and measurements will begin. 

Source Receipt from RSD 

• Review 364 to determine if any contamination was found on source and 

packaging materials during RSD check-in. 

• Inspection for damage - if damage such as broken seals has occurred, the 

customer will be notified before proceeding with the calibration. 

• Record identification information (including RSD-assigned radioactive source 

RS #) on the log sheet. 

• Test check measurements - perform measurement of the alpha- or betaparticle emitting standard to ensure the system is operating correctly. 
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• E-commerce orders – record the order number assigned to the calibration. 

Note dates of all steps completed including material received and returned on the 

log sheet. 

General Operational Procedures 

The measurements are taken in the following order: background, standard 

reference source, submitted source(s), and finally, blank. Counting times are 

adjusted so that 106 counts are collected from each source, whenever possible. The 

functioning of the instrument is checked by comparing the measurement results for 

the standard, corrected for decay and background, with previous results. The 

spreadsheet calculations, described in the Alpha and Beta Laboratory Procedures 

document (ABLP), are cross-checked with computer software calculations. The data 

are corrected and reduced, as described in the ABLP. The results are reviewed and 

used to create calibration reports. The calibration report is checked, proof-read, and 

signed. Copies of the report are made for the current alpha and beta test record 

binder and an electronic version is uploaded to the order. Calibration results are

stored both in binders and in the computer; the binder storage and computer access 

are both securely maintained. The calibration date and other important dates are 

recorded in the test record binder with other pertinent information. 

Calibration Procedures 

Procedures for calibrations using four instruments are described in the ABLP: (1) 

small-area, (2) large-area, (3) PIPS and (4) external counter. 

At the completion of measurements, calculations, and corrections, results are 

entered into a comparison spreadsheet. Results for sources that have been 

calibrated in the past are compared to previous results, accounting for decay. The 

difference should be less than 2 % or further investigation is necessary. Results for 

sources that have not been previously calibrated are compared to manufacturers’ 

certified, or customer provided, values. When these values differ by greater than 2 

%, uncertainties for the values are summed and compared to the difference. If the 

values differ by more than the combined uncertainties, other factors (ex. age and 

condition) are considered, the customer may be asked to provide more information 

about the source and how it has been used.

Determination of Uncertainties 

The basis for the determination of uncertainties associated with alpha- and betaparticle calibrations is Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of 

NIST Measurement Results (see reference #2). 
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Uncertainty components are given below. All uncertainties are Type B except for 

counting statistics and background, which are Type A. 

Significant Uncertainties 

Counting statistics - this value was obtained from the standard deviation of replicate 

measurements 

Background – based on statistical estimate 

Live-time – determined from systematic tests using a NIST live-time module (see 

reference #6) 

Extrapolation– estimated from largest possible variability in assumed extrapolation 

functionality, geometry of the source will impact the method of extrapolation (see 

reference #5) 

Self-absorption and scattering from source and support - estimated from customer 

stated source thickness and inaccuracies in back-scattering factors 

Recognized Uncertainties 

The following uncertainties are recognized but are not significant. 

 

Counter geometry - the values were obtained from estimated mechanical accuracies 

measurements made on the systems 

Extension and non-uniformity of the sources- this was derived from known limitations 

in the accuracies of measurements because of source size 

Scattering in/on detector – estimated from known parameters 

Transmission through detector (no count) – based on comparisons with standards 

using other direct measurement methods 

References 

1. The Standardization of Alpha-Particle Sources, L.L. Lucas. Proceedings of the 

ASTM Conference of Effluent and Environmental Surveillance, July 9-14, 1978, 

Johnson, Vermont, in ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 698, pp. 342-354 (1980). 
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2. Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement 

Results, Barry N. Taylor and Chris Kuyatt. NIST Technical Note 1297, (1994). 

3. Alpha-Particle Calibrations, J. M. Robin Hutchinson. N.B.S. Special Publication 

250-5, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402-9325 (1987). 

4. Counting Yields for Beta and Alpha Particle Sources, Martin Berger. NISTIR 6464, 

(2000). 

5. Large area alpha sources with a lip: Integral counting and spectral distortions, 

King, L; Fitzgerald, R ; Tosh, RE. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. V134, April 

2018, pp.376-379 (2018). 

6. Accurate Integral Counting using Multi-Channel Analyzers (MCAs), Fitzgerald, R.; 

King, L., Applied Radiation and Isotopes. V159, May 2020 (2020) 

Records 

Log sheets include customer name and contact information, date received, kind of 

source, source number and identification including RS and e-commerce order 

numbers, date calibrated, and date returned to customer. Copies of the shipping, 

and RSD check records are kept with the log sheet. 

Alpha and beta test record binders include hard copies of calibration results, 

customer calibration spreadsheets, certificates/reports, and the records described 

above. Electronic records include data processing spreadsheets with spectra, copies 

of certificates/reports and spreadsheets used to compare standard and customer 

calibration source measurement results, as well as a scanned copy of the paperwork 

package kept in the binder. 

Documents

Alpha and Beta Laboratory procedures include the detailed step-by-step instructions 

for the use of each of the four counters, the data collection and reduction file names 

and file locations for these calibration files. 

 
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Filing and Retention 

All paper copies of customer files are stored in the alpha- and beta-test binders kept 

in building 245 room H220 or the investigators office (building 245 room C300-

WSAD). All customer-related electronic files are stored on password-protected 

laboratory computers (building 245 room H220), the investigator’s computer 

(building 245 room C300-WSAD), or the division protected shared network drive. 

Each of the above computers is backed up on an external drive maintained by the 

investigator. 

Copies of the alpha and beta laboratory procedures are kept in the laboratory where 

the equipment is used (building 245, room H220) and in the investigator’s office 

(building 245, room C300-WSAD). 
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APPENDIX A

Table of Uncertainties 

Factor Type A 

Relative Uncertainty 

(k=1) percent 

Type B 

Relative Uncertainty 

(k=1) percent 

Counting statistics 0.04-2.10 

Background 0.1 

Live time 0.20-2.25 

Extrapolation 0.20-5.20 

Uncertainties Combined 0.11-2.10 0.28-5.70 in 

Quadrature 

 

Relative Expanded Uncertainty 0.60-12.20 

(k = 2, an approximate 

level of confidence of 95 %.) 
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APPENDIX B 
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APPENDIX C

Special Tests; 43031S

This addendum is to explain the additional procedures for the calibration of sources, 

outside the source descriptions listed for services; 43030C, 43040C, and 43050C, 

and for proficiency testing to meet the requirements for ISO 17043:2010. The 

procedures and measurements described in the body of this procedure are 

applicable to these tests. Additional measurements may be necessary when detailed 

analysis is requested or required. 

Procedures

For the calibration of sources not eligible for services 43030C, 43040C, and 

43050C:

The objective of the test should be clearly communicated prior to the ordering of this 

service. A detailed description of the source’s physical and radiological 

characteristics is necessary. When a blind test is required, the material is obtained by 

NIST and shipped to the customer. 

The feasibility of conducting measurements and meeting the test objectives are 

assessed. Any limitations to the quality of the data are identified and discussed. An 

estimated cost is calculated based on the assessment and submitted to calibration 

services for attachment to the order in e-commerce.

The subsequent procedures are found in the main body of this document.

For proficiency tests:

These proficiency tests comply with the NIST QMS ISO/IEC 17025:2017 Appendix F 

for proficiency testing. This sub-level quality document provides the details of the 

additional requirements of ISO 17043:2010 for this measurement service proficiency 

test program.

Design of proficiency testing schemes

The protocol for each proficiency test will include the following details, taken from 

QMI, Appendix F, included below. Each participant will receive a personalized 

proficiency test protocol. A sample protocol is provided in this procedure with the 

required elements identified by the corresponding letter in red font.

a) the name and location of the NIST measurement service;

b) identification of the proficiency testing program manager and other personnel 

involved in the design and operation of the proficiency testing scheme;
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c) the activities to be conducted by NIST collaborators and the names and 

addresses of NIST collaborators involved in the operation of the proficiency 

testing scheme; collaborations do not exist for this proficiency test.

d) criteria to be met for participation if applicable;

e) the number and type of expected participants in the proficiency testing scheme;

f) selection of the measurand(s) or characteristic(s) of interest, including information 

on what the participants are to identify, measure, or test for in the specific 

proficiency testing round;

g) a description of the range of values or characteristics, or both, to be expected for 

the proficiency test items;

h) the potential major sources of errors involved in the area of proficiency testing 

offered;

i) requirements for the production, quality control, storage and distribution of 

proficiency test items;

j) reasonable precautions to prevent collusion between participants or falsification of 

results, and procedures to be employed if collusion or falsification of results is 

suspected;

k) a description of the information which is to be supplied to participants and the 

time schedule for the various phases of the proficiency testing scheme;

l) for continuous proficiency testing schemes, the frequency or dates upon which 

proficiency test items are to be distributed to participants, the deadlines for the 

return of results by participants and, where appropriate, the dates on which testing 

or measurement is to be carried out by participants;

m) any information on methods or procedures which participants need to use to 

prepare the test material and perform the tests or measurements;

n) procedures for the test or measurement methods to be used for the homogeneity 

and stability testing of proficiency test items and, where applicable, to determine their 

biological viability;

o) preparation of any standardized reporting formats to be used by participants;

p) a detailed description of the statistical analysis to be used;

q) the origin, metrological traceability, and measurement uncertainty of any 

assigned values;

r) criteria for the evaluation of performance of participants;

s) a description of the data, interim reports, or information to be returned to 

participants;

t) a description of the extent to which participant results, and the conclusions that 

will be based on the outcome of the proficiency testing scheme, are to be made 

public; and

u) actions to be taken in the case of lost or damaged proficiency test items.
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Procurement of proficiency test item(s)

An appropriate radioactive material and geometry are identified and transferred or 

purchased specifically for testing. Initial measurements are conducted by NIST in the 

alpha/beta laboratory. The material is dedicated to use for the test until the 

proficiency test is complete. 

Homogeneity and stability

Initial measurements will result in multiple sets of data that are analyzed to ensure 

consistency. These measurements will be repeated as frequently as needed 

depending upon the half-life of the radionuclide and the number of participants. The 

physical condition of the material will be examined with each set of measurements to 

identify any changes and possible damage. Results from subsequent and final 

measurements taken at NIST will be compared to the initial results to determine if 

identified or unidentified changes constitute damage to the source that may impact 

participants’ results.

Cancelled tests

If test material damage has compromised the reproducibility of measurement data or 

the test material is lost, the test will be stopped. Other unexpected circumstances 

that may require test cancelation or postponement include source contamination, 

equipment failure, and restricted laboratory access. 

Statistical design

The statistical design used for proficiency test data is the same as that used for the 

calibration service 43030C. Five measurements are taken with a sum-total of one 

million or more counts. The spectra are integrated, reduced, background subtracted, 

and extrapolated to zero energy to find the NIST value that is compared to the 

participant’s result. Appendix A is a table of the uncertainties applicable to this test. 

The uncertainty analysis methodology and nomenclature used for the reported 

uncertainties are based on uniform NIST guidelines and are compatible with those 

adopted by the principal international metrology standardization bodies (see Ref. 2).

NIST does not assign a pass or fail status to completed test. If the accreditation 

program deems a test failed, the NIST technical coordinator can be contacted to 

discuss possible sources of error.

Assigned values

The 2π particle counting rate is the total number of particles counted (including those 

scattered) per second emitted into a 2π-steradian geometry and is traceable to the 
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NIST standard for the second. The 2π particle counting rate is found by measuring a 

radioactive source on one the primary standard measuring instruments; NIST smallarea 2πα, NIST large-area 2πα/β and expressed in units of counts per second. This 

realization of the 2π particle emission rate for the source establishes the National 

Standard, which can in turn be transferred to other measurement facilities through 

suitable measuring instruments, thus enabling traceability to the National Standard. 

Method or procedure

The participant must have a windowless-gas flow 2π proportional counting primary 

standard measuring instrument. Using their established measurement methods and 

procedures, the participant will find and provide NIST with the resulting particle count 

rate for the material distributed for the test. The reference date and uncertainty will 

also be reported.

Instructions for participants

The proficiency test is requested by the participant or group of participants. The 

dates for the test are determined on a mutually agreed upon schedule and adjusted 

as needed for procurement of test material. Instructions for the test are provided in 

the test protocol.

Proficiency test items handling and storage

Upon receipt, the test material is received by NIST RSD checked and added to the 

NIST Radioactive Materials inventory. Results are reported prior storage in the 

alpha/beta laboratory where NIST measurements will be taken. With each shipment 

from NIST the test material will be loaned to the participant(s) until the return 

shipment is received. The test material will again be checked by RSD, before 

returning to the alpha/beta laboratory for measurement and/or storage. RSD leak test 

results will be the first inspection for damage with each shipment to NIST.

Distribution of proficiency test sources

The test material is securely packed in reusable boxes. Department of Transportation 

(DOT) standards are met when packaging, labeling and marking, and preparing 

documents for shipment, 49 CFR 173. In order to protect the measurand value, a 

range or over-estimate will be used for the activity on all shipping documentation. 

The cost of shipping shall be the responsibility of the shipper.

Proficiency testing analysis and evaluation

The data analysis and records are handled as described in the Records and Filing 

and Retention sections for these calibration services. The performance evaluation is 
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limited to a direct comparison expressed as a percent difference. Generally, NIST 

commentary is not provided since the accrediting body will apply criteria and analyze 

the results. When results vary greatly some participants may be encouraged to check 

the calculations and equipment settings.

Reports

The NIST report of proficiency test for each test will include the following details, 

taken from QMI, Appendix F. A sample report is provided in this procedure with the 

required elements identified by the corresponding letter in red. NIST proficiency 

testing reports include the following, unless it is not applicable or the NIST 

proficiency testing program has valid reasons for not doing so:

a) the name and contact details for the NIST proficiency testing program; 

b) the name and contact details for the coordinator; 

c) the name(s), function(s), and signature(s) or equivalent identification of 

person(s) authorizing the report; 

d) an indication of which activities are performed by the participant(s); 

e) the date of issue and status (e.g. preliminary, interim, or final) of the report; 

f) page numbers and a clear indication of the end of the report; 

g) a statement of the extent to which results are confidential; 

h) the report number and clear identification of the proficiency testing scheme; 

i) a clear description of the proficiency test items used, including necessary 

details of the proficiency test item's preparation and homogeneity and stability 

assessment; 

j) the participants' results; 

k) statistical data and summaries, including assigned values and range of 

acceptable results and graphical displays; 

l) procedures used to establish any assigned value; 

m) details of the metrological traceability and measurement uncertainty of 

any assigned value; 

n) procedures used to establish the standard deviation for proficiency 

assessment, or other criteria for evaluation; 

o) assigned values and summary statistics for test methods/procedures used by 

each group of participants (if different methods are used by different groups of 

participants); 

p) comments on participants' performance by the NIST proficiency testing 

program and technical advisers; 

q) information about the design and implementation of the proficiency testing 

scheme; 

r) procedures used to statistically analyze the data; 
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s) advice on the interpretation of the statistical analysis, only when applicable; 

and 

comments or recommendations, based on the outcomes of the proficiency testing 

round, only when applicable. When it is necessary to issue a new or amended 

report for a proficiency testing scheme, the report includes the following: 

a) a unique identification; 

b) a reference to the original report that it replaces or amends; and 

c) a statement concerning the reason for the amendment or re-issue. 

Communication with participants 

The NIST calibration ordering system includes the option to request proficiency 

testing and provides the following details. 

a) documented eligibility criteria for participation; 

b) confidentiality arrangements; and 

c) details of how to apply. 

If changes to the proficiency test scheme design or operation are required, the 

participant will be notified by email. If the results conclude in a performance that the 

participant needs to appeal, a retest will be offered at the expense of the participant, 

after an investigation by NIST and the participant. The participant must communicate 

the error of the previous test and the reason for the request to retest. If an error was 

made by NIST, the proficiency test will be repeated at no expense to the participant. 

If no reason is determined for poor performance, the test can be repeated at the 

expense of the participant. The communication with the participant is documented in 

the data file associated with the proficiency test. If statements of participation or 

performance are issued by a NIST proficiency testing program, the statements will 

contain sufficient information as to not be misleading.
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7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 26 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

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7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 27 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 28 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 29 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 30 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 31 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 32 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 33 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 34 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 35 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 36 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 37 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 38 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 39 of 40 Procedure02v710
Radiation Physics Division 43030C, 43040C, 43050C, 43031S RPD-P-02 

ALPHA- AND BETA-PARTICLE-EMITTING SOLID SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 

Version Date Author Approval Pages Filename 

7.10 3/9/2023 LEK AKT 40 of 40 Procedure02v710