T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T S HA NN ON KA ND A, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. WAYN E L ON GO ; C I T Y O F C OE UR D ’ A LEN E; CO EU R D ’ A LEN E PO LI CE D E P A R T M E N T ; J O H N D O E S 1- 10; J AN E DOES 1 - 1 0 ; GREGORY M OO RE , Of f i c e r ; J ON ATHA N CAN TR EL L, O ff i ce r, D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 10- 35746 D C N o . C V 0 9 -4 0 4 E JL ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

f orthe D i s tr i c tof

I da ho E dw a r d J . L odge , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d J a nua ry11, 2012 S e a tt l e , W a s hi ngt on S ubm i s s i on V a c a t e d, A r gue d a nd R e s ubm i tt e d M ar c h 21, 2012

S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: T A S H IM A , G R A B E R , an dR A W L IN S O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. 

# FI LED MA Y25 2 012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

P l ai nt i ff S hann on K anda appeal s the di stri ctcourt ’ s ordergrant i ng sum m ary j udgm e ntt o D e f

e nda nt s i n he r42 U . S . C . § 1983 a c t i on a l l e gi ng tha tC oe urd’ A l e ne p o lic e o f f ic e r s G r e g o ryM o o r e a n dJ o n a th a n C a n tr e ll u s e de x c e s s iv e f o r c e in e f f e c tua t i ng he ra rr e s t . K a ndaw a s i nj ur e d a f t e rthe of f i c e r s t ook he rdow n t o the g r o u n d o n as t a i rw e l l l a n d i n g , h i tt i n g h e rf a c e a g a i n s tame t a l h a n d r a i l w i th s o me f o r c e in th e p r o c e s s . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt h e ldth a t th e o f f ic e r s w e r e e n title dto qu al i fi ed i m m un i ty bec ause , al tho ug h a re as on abl e j ury c ou l d fi nd thatthe force used agai nstK anda w as exce ss i ve, the offi ce rs di d n otvi ol at e c l earl y e st abl i shed l a w w he n the ym i s t a ke nl yus e d m or e f or c e tha n i nt e nde d. W e h av e ju risd icti o n u n d er2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 . W e r ev iew th e d istrict co u rt’s gr a ntof s um m a ryj udgm e ntde novo, c ons i de r i ng di s put e d m a t e r i a l f a c t s i n the lig h t m o s t f

a v o r ab le to th e n o n - m o v in g p a rty . M at tos v . A gar ano , 661 F . 3d 433, 4 3 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 1 ) ( e n b a n c ) , pet i t i on s f or ce rt. f i led , 80 U . S . L . W . 3517, 3457, 3517, 3583 ( U . S . J a n. 11, 17, F e b. 21, M a r . 22, 2012) ( N os . 11- 1032, 11- 898, 11- 1 0 4 5 , 1 1 -1 1 6 5 ). “ B ecau se th e ex cessi v e fo rce i n q u i ry n earl y al w ays req u i res a ju ryto s if

t th r o u g h d is p u te d f

a c tu a l c o n te n tio n s , . . . s u m m a ryju d g m e n t . . . in exce ss i ve force ca se s s ho ul d b e grant ed spar i ng l y. ” Sm i th v. C i t y of H em et , 394 F . 3d 689, 701 ( 9th C i r . 2005) ( e n ba nc ) ( i nt e rna l quot a t i on m a rks , a l t e r a t i ons , a nd c ita tio n s o m itte d ) . W e r e v e r s e a n dr e m a n d .3

A s s um i ng tha tthe of

f i c e r s m a de ar e a s onabl e m i s t a ke a s t o the a m ountof forc e they w er e usi ng agai nstK anda, a r ea sonabl e j ury c ou l d st i l l concl ud e that ta k in g K a n d ato th e g r o u n d w a s e x c e s s iv e u n d e rth e c ir c u m s ta n c e s . Se e M at tos , 6 6 1 F .3 d a t 4 4 1 ( d is c u s s in g f a c to r s to b e w e ig h e din a s s e s s in g e x c e s s iv e f o r c e ) . T he offi ce rs ou tnu m bere d K anda tw o t o o ne. S he w as a r ec entvi ct i m of vi ol ence a n d w a s e m o tio n a l, u n a rm e d , a n d v is ib lyin to x ic a te d , to th e p o in t w h e r e s h e c o u ld n o t p r o p e r lyo p e n ad o o rh a n d le . See D eo rle v. R u th erf o rd , 272 F . 3d 1272, 1282- 83 ( 9th C i r . 2001) . A r e a s onabl e j uryc oul d a l s o c onc l ude tha tK a nda ’ s a c t i ons c ons t i tut e d ba tt e ryonl yi n the m os tt e c hni c a l s e ns e a nd tha tthe of f i c e r s c oul d ha ve e a s ilys u b d u e d a n d h a n d c u f f e d h e rin as ta n d in g p o s itio n . Se e D av is v . C i t yof L as V egas , 478 F . 3d 1048, 1055 ( 9th C i r . 2007) . W hi l e pol i c e of f i c e r s ne e d not em pl oy the l ea sti ntrusi ve degree of f orce po ss i bl e duri ng an arre st , they m ustat l eastco n si d er l ess i n tru si v e m eth o d s, an dth e p resen ce o f feasi b l e al t ern at i v es i s a r e le v a n t c o n s id e r a tio n in a n e x c e s s iv e f o r c e a n a ly s is . B r

y an v . M acP he rs on , 630 F . 3d 80 5, 83 1 n . 15 (9th C i r. 20 10 ). O urr e c e ntde c i s i on i n L uc hte l v . H age m ann , 62 3 F . 3d 97 5 (9th C i r. 20 10 ), i s nott o the c ontr a ry . I n tha tc a s e , the c ourtc onc l ude d tha tthe r e w a s no e xc e s s i ve f or c e w he r e of

f i c e r s t ook t o the gr ound a n i nt oxi c a t e d w om a n w ho w a s thr e a t e ni ng t o ha rm he r s e l f

a nd w ho us e d ane i ghbort o s hi e l d he r s e l f dur i ng he rc onf

r ont a t i on4

w ith th e p o lic e . I

d. at97 9-84 . T here w as “ no genu i ne di sput e f rom the evi dence thatL ucht el po se d a threa tt o h er se l f, her nei gh bo rs , and the offi ce rs . ” I d. a t 9 8 0 . M o reo v er, L u ch t el “ w as act i v el y resi st i n g arrest ” an dth e o ffi cers “app l i ed th e l east a m ountof

f or c e ne c e s s a ryt o s ubdue L uc ht e l bypi nni ng he rt o the gr ound a nd hand cuff i ng her. ” I

d. a t 9 8 1 - 8 2 . A ll o f

th e s e f a c tu a l is s u e s r e m a in c o n te s te din K anda’ s c as e. W e a l so ho l d that , i f the l evel of forc e use d w as exce ss i ve, the offi ce rs v io la te d ac le a r lye s tab lis h e d c o n s titu tio n a l r ig h t. Se e M at tos , 6 6 1 F .3 da t 4 4 2 . G i ve n tha tthe of

f i c e r s us e d s ubs t a nt i a l l ym or e f or c e tha n w a s i nt e nde d, f or pu rposes of thi s i nq ui ry , w e a sk w hether are as on abl e off i ce r c ou l d h ave bel i eved th atth e fo rce th atw as actua l l y use d w a s la w f

u l u n d e rth e c ir c u m s ta n c e s . T orres v . C i t y o f M a dera , 6 4 8 F .3 d 1 1 1 9 , 1 1 2 7 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 1 ) , ce rt. deni ed , 132 S . C t . 1032 (201 2). T he force ac tual l y use d b y the offi ce rs , t aki ng K anda do w n i nt o a m et al hand ra i l , w as veryse vere and res ul t ed i n ser i ou s i nj uri es . A re as on abl e off i ce r c o u ldn o t h a v e b e lie v e d th a t s u c h f o r c e w a s p r o p o rtio n a te u n d e rth e c ir c u m s ta n c e s . Se e D a v is , 4 7 8 F .3 d at 1 0 5 5 -5 7 (h o ld in g th at slam m in g a h an d cu ff ed su sp ec t’ s head i nt o a w al l for tre spas si ng and o bstruct i ng a pol i ce offi ce r w as exce ss i ve). W e there fore re vers e the di stri ctcourt ’ s det erm i nat i on thatthe offi ce rs w er e en t i t l ed t o q u al i fi ed i m m u n i ty an drem an dfo r fu rth er p ro ceed i n g s.5

RE V E RS E D a n d RE MAND E D.K a ndav. L ongo, N o. 10- 35746

G R A B E R , C i r c ui tJ udge , di s s e nt i ng: I r e s p e c tf u llyd is s e n t. In m y vi ew the offi ce rs ar e e nt i t l ed t o q ual i fi ed i m m un i ty. Iti s und i sput ed tha tthe of

f i c e r s w e r e j us t i f

i e d i n a rr e s t i ng K andaa nd ha ndc uf f i ng he ra nd tha ts he h a d c o m m itte d ab a tte ry . A r e a s o n ab le o f f ic e rw o u ldn o t n e c e s s a r ilyk n o w th a t a t ake- do w n arr es t , as di st i nctfr om a s t andi ng arre st , w as exce ss i ve or thata t akedow n on as t a i rl a ndi ng w a s unr e a s onabl yda nge r ous . K a ndaw a s t a l l , y oung, a nd bi g a nd ha d t a ke n as w i ng a tone of the of f i c e r s ( a l be i tuns uc c e s s f

ul l y ) . B e i ng drunk c oul d ha ve m a de he rm or e da nge r ous , r a the rtha n l e s s da nge r ous , t o the offi ce rs . O ur ca se s c ou nselagai nstdraw i ng so fi ne a l i ne as po l i ce re spon d t o an e vol vi ng s i tua t i on. F ortha tr e a s on, I w oul d a f f i rm the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s de c i s i on.



# FI LED MA Y25 2 012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS