OGC 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 

35 Main Street, Suite 5 

Wayland, MA 01778-5037, USA 

tel: +1 508-655-5858 

fax: +1 508-655-2237 

www.opengeospatial.org

®

7 March 2011 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

National Science and Technology Council's Sub-Committee on Technology

Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards. Open Geospatial 

Consortium Response to Federal Register Request for Information entitled “Effectiveness of 

Federal Agency Participation in Standardization in Select Technology Sectors for National 

Science and Technology Council's Sub-Committee on Standardization”.

OGC staff with the support of OGC representatives from the US Army Corps of Engineers Army 

Geospatial Center, the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Census Bureau, the US 

Environmental Protection Agency, the US Federal Aviation Administration, the US Federal 

Communications Commission, the US Geological Survey, the US National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration, the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, and the National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric Administration offers the following summary of experiences of its US and 

international government members in the OGC process. We hope that this Consortium level 

perspective on government effectiveness in standardization in the OGC process will be of use to 

the Sub-Committee. 

BACKGROUND: 

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international voluntary consensus standards 

organization devoted to the advancement of open standards that make it easy to discover, share, 

fuse and apply geospatial or location information in government and business decision making, 

applications for citizens and consumers, research and collaboration, and enterprise level 

applications. 

Most government information has a geospatial or location context – but often cannot be easily 

processed in a location context to benefit decision-making. The ability to seamlessly integrate 

location from multiple sources for improved situational awareness, analysis and decision making 

is therefore critical to meeting government mission needs. Open standards help meet this 

challenge. 

The OGC membership includes over 410 international industry, government, academic, research, 

and not for profit organizations.
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 2 

Since its inception in 1994, representatives from OGC’s membership have advanced over 30 

standards, which have been implemented in the US and worldwide to improve location based 

visualization, analysis, situational awareness and decision-making. The standardization process is 

cooperatively led by technology user organizations and technology provider organizations that 

work together to identify interoperability issues and formulate standards solutions to address 

these issues. A list of the OGC government organizations participating in OGC is provided as 

enclosure 1. 

OGC member organizations pay annual membership fees that support the consensus standards 

process. OGC members also fund OGC Interoperability Program government / industry 

collaborative testbeds and pilot projects to accelerate the pace of standards development, testing 

and validation. This business model enables OGC standards to be offered globally free of charge. 

OGC’s policies and procedures assure balance of interest, due process, transparency and openness 

and a low barrier to participation as expected of a voluntary consensus standards organization, 

and as defined by OMB Circular A-119. 

The OGC has a formal and well-documented Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Policy, which is 

approved by OGC membership. Requirements from Federal agencies related to intellectual 

property rights for OGC standards were factored into the development of the policy. As such, US 

Federal agencies have been able to effectively submit government-developed standards into the 

OGC process for approval as international standards. To date, there have been no issues related to 

OGC standards, IPR, and use of these standards by the Federal government. OGC standards are 

provided on a Royalty Free, non-discriminatory basis. Fortunately, there are few patents that are 

in any way specifically related to the work of the OGC. There are no particular obstacles that 

either prevent intellectual property owners from obtaining reasonable returns or cause intellectual 

property owners to make IP available on terms resulting in unreasonable returns when their IP is 

included in the standard. Risks associated with hold-up or buyers' cartels have never been an 

issue in the OGC. 

To fully address due process, appeals, and standards lifecycle management, the OGC established 

an OGC Architecture Board (OAB) comprised of OGC government, industry and academic 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 3 

members elected as individuals for their expertise and knowledge of the OGC, OGC standards, 

and technology. The OAB supports the overall review of OGC activities and deliverables and is 

empowered to provide guidance to all OGC program activities to assure consistency and 

harmonization of OGC standards and related work efforts. 

As described below under the heading “Cooperative standards advancement with the Broader 

Standards Community”, the OGC maintains strong relationships with many other standards 

development organizations.

WHAT MOTIVATES GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN 

OGC PROGRAMS? 

Our discussions with OGC US Government member representatives over the years indicate that 

government organizations participate in OGC programs to: 

• Establish a broad dialog with industry to determine their interest in advancing standards 

to address key interoperability issues that impede their missions 

• Reduce technology risk and systems costs by encouraging industry agreement and 

alignment on development and maintenance of open standards to improve access, sharing 

and application of location information across systems and networks. 

• Collaborate with other government agencies in OGC membership to understand and 

shape standards requirements of mutual interest 

• Encourage a more competitive market by promoting industry use of open standard 

interfaces vice proprietary interfaces that may limit the government’s ability to extend 

and adapt ICT solutions to address new and unforeseen mission requirements. 

• Minimize the cost of establishing interoperability by leveraging the collective resources 

of the OGC membership to advance standards of interest. 

• Maximize the life span and value of legacy systems by “wrapping” these with standard 

interfaces and extending them with standards-implementing components from best-ofbreed vendors. 

OGC Consensus Programs 

Government organizations also participate heavily in OGC consensus Domain Working Groups 

to cooperate nationally and internationally on the development not only of standards but also of 

formal OGC best practice recommendations that help define the optimal use of OGC and 

complementary standards for information sharing and usage within and between communities of 

interest. Government organizations engage actively in ongoing dialog and best practice 

development in a number of OGC Domain Working Groups (DWG) including: 

• Aviation – This DWG provides a forum for the US Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA), EuroControl (FAA’s counterpart in Europe), and other OGC members to advance 

OGC standards to support aviation information management and operations as part of 

multi-year modernization programs underway in the US and Europe. 

• Defense & Intelligence – The US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) serves 

as co-chair of this DWG with the European Satellite Centre. NGA works with other US 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 4 

government agencies such as the US Army Geospatial Center, and international 

organizations such as the NATO sanctioned multi-national Defense Geospatial 

Information Working Group (DGIWG), the Australian DOD, Institut Geographique 

National (IGN) France and other government, industry, and university and research 

members have helped to align government and industry cooperation on open standards 

for the defense and intelligence community. 

• Hydrology - The Hydrology Domain Working Group provides a venue and mechanism 

for seeking technical and institutional solutions to the challenge of describing and 

exchanging data describing the state and location of water resources, above and below the 

ground surface. Numerous national organizations are involved in this activity. 

• Meteorology and Oceanography – This Working Group establishes an international 

forum to ensure that OGC standards allow the meteorological and oceanographic 

communities to develop effective interoperability of web services and sharing of content 

to address increasingly complex issues being addressed by these communities. 

• 3D Information Management (3DIM) – This Domain Working group facilitates the 

definition and development of interface and encoding standards (notably CityGML) that 

enable solutions that allow infrastructure owners, builders, emergency responders, 

community managers, service providers and the public to better manage and navigate 

complex urban / built environments. 

Other OGC working groups (working in many cases with other standards organizations) focus on 

a range of cross-cutting technology domains working on government requirements for standards 

to address interoperability issues such as geospatial rights management, workflow, security, 

decision support, data quality, data provenance, data uncertainty, data ordering, and 

interoperability between models such as climate models. 

Interoperability Program – Rapid prototyping with industry 

US Government organizations and other OGC member organizations provide requirements and 

funding to OGC’s interoperability program of testbeds and pilots to engage OGC technology 

provider members with the user community in rapid development, testing, prototyping and 

demonstration of candidate standards and best practice guidance to address urgent government 

interoperability challenges. Examples include: 

• Aviation Information Management -- The US FAA, US NGA and EuroControl are 

working collaboratively to develop, test and evaluate standards based approaches to 

delivery of important aviation and weather safety information to the cockpit during both 

preflight and in-flight situations. Emphasis is placed on just-in-time delivery of critical 

information as conditions change. 

• Global Earth Observing System of System (GEOSS) – US government along with other 

OGC member organizations are conducting multi-phased GEOSS Pilot initiatives to 

advance a service oriented architecture based on interoperability arrangements for the 

sharing of Earth Observation assets operated by nations worldwide. The Pilots are being 

conducted by OGC in cooperation with the Group on Earth Observations. 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 5 

• A common standards-based encoding, OGC Water Modeling Language (WaterML), and 

associated best practice guidance for worldwide use in coordinated water resources / 

hydrology research, analysis and monitoring 

• Standards approaches for monitoring and responding to disasters including floods, 

wildfires, landslides and debris flows, and tsunami events. 

Funding of these activities by the US government is routinely supplemented by funding from 

other OGC government and industry members worldwide, significantly improving each sponsor’s 

return on their investment. This funding is multiplied 3-4 times through investment of in-kind 

resources (labor, travel, software, etc.) provided by industry to develop, test, incorporate and 

demonstrate candidate standards. 

The results of these initiatives not only produce candidate standards, but also industry 

technologies that use these candidate standards, and live demonstrations to illustrate the value of 

these candidate standards in the context of user scenarios. Results are submitted to the OGC 

consensus process for consideration by members. Given the testing and evidence that 

accompanies candidate standards from this process; it is not unusual for candidate standards 

resulting from the Interoperability Program to move quickly toward international adoption 

through the OGC consensus process. 

Cooperative standards advancement with the Broader Standards Community 

OGC maintains formal relationships with many other standards organizations. This is done to 

insure that all standards work related to geospatial content/location is coordinated across 

standards organizations and communities. International standards of interest to OGC work 

activities are identified through staff and member involvement in a wide range of standards 

development organizations and industry and academic conferences. 

Based on interest of OGC government members, OGC has established formal liaison agreements 

with relevant ISO technical committees to support collaboration on common standards objectives, 

and to submit OGC adopted standards for approval as ISO international standards. OGC has 

formal alliance partnerships with over 20 Standards Development Organizations worldwide. 

These Alliances are leveraged by OGC membership to coordinate the consistent processing of 

geospatial information across standards in the broader ICT standards “stack”. 

Currently, the OGC has formal relationships with ISO Technical Committee 211 (Geographic 

Information / Geomatics), OASIS, IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Technology), World 

Wide Web Consortium, Web3d Consortium, World Meteorological Association, and the 

European Committee for Standardization (CEN), many of which were driven by the public sector 

interests of government organizations in the OGC. OGC is also a key contributor to a NIST 

facilitated Sensor Standards Harmonization Working Group that is bringing together government, 

industry, academic and research organizations to identify and recommend standards needed to 

enable the integration, access, fusion, use, and delivery of sensor-derived data for application 

across government. 

Results of such cooperation include the integration of the OGC standards into standards that 

support emergency and disaster management and other public sector needs. Examples include the 

incorporation of OGC Geography Markup Language into the OASIS Common Alerting Protocol, 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 6 

the OASIS Emergency Distribution Exchange Language (EDXL), IETFs Presence Information 

Description Format Location Object (PIDF-LO) extension (to identify the location of a device on 

the network for emergency response purposes), and the National Information Exchange Model 

(NIEM). 

Compliance Testing and Certification 

Government and industry users need some guarantee of actual compliance to provide a degree of 

assurance that products and online services from diverse vendors will interoperate. OGC 

government members have influenced the development and implementation of a compliance test 

and certification program to enable formal industry certification of products that implement OGC 

standards (see http://www.opengeospatial.org/compliance). 

Compliance testing and certification gives users as much assurance as possible that their products 

and solutions will interoperate with other systems that have also implemented OGC standards. 

Revenue derived from compliance certification through this program is directed to the 

deployment of tests as new standards are adopted, as well as the maintenance of the over 

compliance testing environment. 

OGC Compliance tests and test software are available as open source and are being repurposed 

by government organizations to support compliance testing of industry products within their 

information system / enterprise environments. 

HOW IS GOVERNMENT MAXIMIZING THEIR INVESTMENT IN OGC AND 

OPEN STANDARDS? 

By participating in OGC programs, government organizations help articulate to industry their 

preference for interoperability through open standards in their ICT solutions. OGC industry 

members are influenced by government requirements, and often support the development and 

product implementation of OGC standards in anticipation of meeting government needs in 

potential future sales. Hundreds of technology solutions now implement OGC standards and are 

available in the global marketplace (see: http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/products). 

Government agencies are reinforcing their investment in OGC and other standards organization 

programs by incorporating standards in their technology programs and acquisition policies. By 

requiring or favoring open standards in their policies, government further encourages industry to 

adopt and implement open standards to maximize their competitiveness. The following are some 

examples of policy statements citing OGC standards: 

• US Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) – The US FGDC has endorsed OGC 

standards as Non-Federally Authored Geographic Information Standards and 

Specifications. This endorsement identifies OGC and complementary standards as 

“standards or specifications that are relevant to the missions and spatial data 

responsibilities of Federal agencies”. See: www.fgdc.gov/standards/fgdc-endorsedexternal-standards/index_html

• Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) – Administered by the US National Ocean 

and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), IOOS specifies OGC geospatial and sensor standards 

as a means to rapidly integrate ocean sensors into its national network, and to tie this 

network to other global ocean observing assets. The IOOS Data Integration Framework 

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Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

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identifies OGC and other standards as an underpinning of their technology architecture. 

See www.ioos.gov/dif/

• Geospatial Intelligence – the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency as functional 

manager for Geospatial-Intelligence, has implemented a formal process to promote, 

evaluate and adopt standards of importance to the US and its allies. The Geospatial 

Intelligence Standards Working Group (GWG) coordinates evaluation of GEOINT 

standards for potential adoption as baseline standards in the Defense Information 

Standards Registry (DISR). See www.gwg.nga.mil/. 

• Army Geospatial Enterprise (AGE) – The AGE defines “an integrated system of 

technologies, standards, data, and processes that delivers a standard and shareable 

geospatial foundation, to facilitate a Common Operational Picture (COP) to the Soldier at 

all echelons”. The AGE standards profile referenced in the AGE Policy signed by the 

Army Geospatial Information Officer includes OGC and complementary standards and is 

part of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology 

Common Operating Environment Implementation Plan. This plan will require the use of 

relevant OGC standards in all Army acquisition programs involving geospatial 

information processing. 

• The European Union, through a pan European INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial 

Information In Europe) Implementing Directive, is leveraging ISO, OGC and other 

complimentary standards to achieve interoperability in the sharing and application of 

geospatial information across Europe. Experience from INSPIRE government and 

industry implementers is also providing OGC with invaluable feedback to support 

standards maintenance. 

WHAT METRICS ARE AVAILABLE TO DETERMINE EFFECTIVENESS? 

The value of OGC and other complimentary geospatial standards for government agencies was 

carefully documented in the NASA-funded April 2005 Booz Allen Hamilton study, "Geospatial 

Interoperability Return on Investment Study" (http://www.egy.org/files/ROI_Study.pdf), which 

compared proprietary and standards-based large scale implementations. They showed that 

geospatial standards (primarily OGC standards) delivered significant governmental operational 

value in terms of ease of integration, intra-governmental collaboration, public 

participation/accountability, interagency collaboration, reuse, adaptation and consolidation, 

mainstreaming of GIS and IT Performance. Dollar savings were calculated to be 119.0 percent 

throughout the five-year project lifecycle. Looking over a 10-year project lifecycle, it had a riskadjusted ROI of 163.0 percent. This project saved 26.2 percent compared to the project that relied 

on a proprietary standard. One way to express this result is by saying that for every $100 million 

spent on projects based on proprietary platforms, the same value could have been achieved with 

$75 million if the projects had been based on open standards. 

The value of OGC standards to technology providers is evident in the growth of the geospatial 

industry over the last decade as well as the participation of virtually all the major geospatial 

technology providers and many smaller software companies and solution providers. Industry 

implements OGC standards in a wide range of technology offerings. (See 

http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/products.) 

Below are a few of the many government implementations of OGC standards: 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

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• US Geological Survey - Many USGS organizations have been actively involved in OGC 

activities for many of the reasons outlined above. A component of the USGS, the 

National Geospatial Program (NGP) which includes The National Map (TNM), has long 

been involved in defining requirements for OGC standards, supporting the development 

of OGC standards and using those standards to support its mission. TNM in particular has 

benefited from these OGC standards. Today, TNM information is available on the Web 

publicly via OGC-compliant web services. OGC standards based systems are allowing 

the USGS and its federal and state partners to maintain their geospatial information 

locally, while enabling synchronization, maintenance and sharing of geospatial data in a 

seamless, real-time manner. 

• USGS and NGA – A capability to be available soon will allow geographic names 

information to be modeled and communicated via a OGC based Gazetteer. Through this 

capability, the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) foreign place names and 

USGS domestic place names will be available to customers seamlessly through a single 

interface. State partners will be able to post updates to the USGS and have access to 

updates from USGS and other federal agencies. 

• The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Unified Incident Command and 

Decision Support (UICDS) program is advancing quickly through a series of pilot 

projects that are seeding widespread use of the UICDS open architecture. Open 

Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards specified in the architecture have helped 

overcome interoperability obstacles to implementation. 

• NOAA’s National Weather Service, in coordination with the U.S. FAA and 

EUROCONTROL, is involved in the advancement of the Aeronautical Information 

Exchange Model (AIXM), a global standard for the representation and exchange of 

aeronautical information, and the Weather Exchange Model (WXXM), the proposed 

standard for the exchange of aeronautical weather information. Based on the OGC 

Geography Markup Language standard, AIXM and WXXM are being developed to 

support the U.S.’s Next-Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and Europe’s 

Single European Sky initiatives. WXXM development is also coordinated with the World 

Meteorological Organization, the United Nations organization that promotes the 

standardization of meteorological information exchange. Current development and 

demonstration activities include the representation of probabilistic weather forecast 

information for airport decision making, and reviewing, updating, and validating the 

WXXM standard. 

• The European Space Agency and various partner organizations in Europe are 

collaborating on the Heterogeneous Mission Accessibility (HMA) project 

(http://earth.esa.int/hma/). HMA’s high level goals include, among other things, 

consolidating earth imaging and other geospatial interoperability requirements; defining 

interoperable protocols for cataloging, ordering and mission planning; and addressing 

interoperability requirements arising from security concerns. HMA involves a number of 

OGC standards, including the Sensor Planning Service, which supports the feasibility 

analysis requirements of Spot Image optical satellite missions. 

• The Ordnance Survey of Great Britain's OS MasterMap, a geographical database of the 

whole of Great Britain that is updated up to 5000 times daily, provides data encoded 

using a GML application schema in order to deliver rich feature and attribute information. 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 
Subject: Standardization Feedback for Sub-Committee on Standards, 7 March 2011 

Page 9 

Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA 01778 • Tel: +1 508 655 5858 • Fax: +1 508 655 2237 

The decision to implement in this way made OGC standards central to the UK spatial 

data infrastructure. 

• OGC and complementary ISO standards are recognized as an underpinning component of 

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) programs of the US, India, Canada 

(GeoConnections), Spain (IDEC), Germany (GDI-DE), Australia (ANZLIC) and many 

other countries worldwide. 

• The Debris Flow Disaster Information System developed by the Taiwanese government 

by the GIS Center at Feng Chia University is leveraging OGC geospatial and sensor 

standards to support rapid configuration and deployment of debris flow disaster 

management capability across Taiwan. All phases of disaster management are addressed 

from monitoring to prediction, to citizen alerts and warnings, and response. The full range 

of OGC standards as well as OASIS alerting / messaging standards are essential 

components of this government sponsored system. 

On behalf of the OGC US government member representatives noted above and OGC staff, I 

submit this information for consideration by the Sub-Committee on Standards. I offer our support 

to provide further information to the Sub-Committee as required. 

Sincerely, 

Mark E. Reichardt 

President & CEO 

mreichardt@opengeospatial.org 
Enclosure 1 OGC Government Members

As of 7 March 2011

Central Informatics

Government Organization Name Country Type

City and County of San Francisco United States Government-Local

Arizona Geological Survey United States Government-Subnational

North Carolina Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources United States Government-Subnational

FAA System Operations Airspace and AIM Office United States Government-National

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) United States Government-National

Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical & Biological 

Defense, SSA United States Government-National

Naval Meteorology & Oceanography Command United States Government-National

Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States Government-National

US Army Geospatial Center United States Government-National

US Census Bureau United States Government-National

US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) United States Government-National

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) United States Government-National

US General Services Administration (GSA) United States Government-National

US Geological Survey (USGS) United States Government-National

US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) United States Government-National

US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) United States Government-National

US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) United States Government-National

Gosford City Council Australia Government-Local

Department of Environment & Resource Management (DERM) Australia Government-Subnational

Land and Property Management Authority (LPMA) Australia Government-Subnational

Landgate Australia Government-Subnational

NSW Dept. of Environment & Climate Change Australia Government-Subnational

Victorian Dept. of Primary Industries Australia Government-Subnational

Australian Bureau of Meteorology Australia Government-National

CSIRO Australia Government-National

Department of Defence (Australia) Australia Government-National

Geoscience Australia Australia Government-National

City of Vienna Austria Government-Local

Central Informatics Organization ganization (GIS Directorate Directorate) Bahrain Government vernment-National ational

Agentschap voor Geografische Informatie Vlaanderen (AGIV) Belgium Government-Subnational

Eurocontrol Belgium* Government-International

Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune 

(Gouvernement du Québec) (MRNF) Canada Government-Subnational

Ministère des transports du Québec (MTQ) Canada Government-Subnational

GeoConnections - Natural Resources Canada Canada Government-National

Danish National Survey & Cadastre Denmark Government-National

European Environment Agency (EEA) Denmark* Government-International

National Land Survey of Finland Finland Government-National

BRGM France Government-National

CNES France Government-National

Institut Geographique National (IGN) (France) France Government-National

METEO-FRANCE France Government-National

Ministry of the Environment France Government-National

Wupperverband Germany Government-Local

AdV (Working Committee of the Surveying Authorities of the 

States of the Federal Republic of Germany) Germany Government-Subnational

Service Centre Information Technology of the BMVBS (DLZ-IT 

BMVBS) Germany Government-Subnational

Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany Government-National
Enclosure 1 OGC Government Members

As of 7 March 2011

Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) Germany Government-National

Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Germany Government-National

German Aerospace Center - DLR Germany Government-National

Ktimatologio SA Greece Government-National

Additional Director General Military Survey (GSGS) India Government-National

Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) India Government-National

Joint Research Centre (JRC) Italy* Government-International

European Space Agency (ESA) Italy* Government-International

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) Japan Government-National

National Geographic Information Institute Korea, Republic of Government-National

Geonovum Netherlands Government-National

Ministry of Transport, Public Works & Water Management Netherlands Government-National

Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) New Zealand Government-National

National Office of Building Technology and Administration Norway Government-National

Diputació de Barcelona-Oficina Tècnica de Cartografia i Sig Local Spain Government-Local

Generalitat Valenciana Spain Government-Subnational

IDEC (SDI of Catalonia) Spain Government-Subnational

Marine Technology Unit (CSIC) Spain Government-Subnational

Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN of Spain) Spain Government-National

INTA (National Institute of Aerospace Technology from Spain) Spain Government-National

European Union Satellite Centre Spain* Government-International

Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) United Kingdom Government-Subnational

Department of Energy & Climate Change United Kingdom Government-National

Ordnance Survey United Kingdom Government-National

UK Met Office United Kingdom Government-National

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 

(ECMWF) United Kingdom* Government-International