Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-04 

Performance Standard 

for Wood-Based 

Structural-Use Panels 

December 2004 

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Donald L. Evans, Secretary 

Technology Administration 

Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretary for Technology 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Hratch G. Semerjian, Acting Director 
___________________________________ 

National Institute of Standards & Technology Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-04 

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PS 2-04, 48 pages, (December 2004) 

CODEN: NSPUE2 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON, DC 20004 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov – Phone: (202) 512-1800; Fax: (202) 512-2250 

Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 
 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC) VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARDS 

DOC Voluntary Product Standards are developed under procedures published by the Department 

of Commerce in Title 15 Code of Federal Regulations Part 10, Procedures for the Development of 

Voluntary Product Standards. The purpose of these standards is to establish nationally 

recognized requirements for products and to provide all concerned interests with a basis for 

common understanding of the characteristics of the products. The National Institute of Standards 

and Technology (NIST) administers the Voluntary Product Standards program on a reimbursable 

basis. 

ROLE OF NIST 

The role of NIST in the establishment of a DOC Voluntary Product Standard is to act as an 

unbiased coordinator in the development of the standard, provide editorial assistance in the 

preparation of the standard, supply such assistance and review as is required to assure the 

technical soundness of the standard, and seek satisfactory adjustment of valid points of 

disagreement. NIST also determines compliance with the criteria of the Department’s procedures 

and publishes the standard as a public document. 

Producers, distributors, users, consumers, and other interested groups contribute to the 

establishment of Voluntary Product Standards. These groups initiate and participate in the 

development of the standards, provide technical or other counsel as appropriate, promote the use 

of and support for the standards, and assist in keeping them current with respect to advancing 

technology and marketing practices. 

USE OF VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARDS 

The use of DOC Voluntary Product Standards is voluntary. NIST has no regulatory power in the 

enforcement of their provisions; however, since the standards represent a consensus of all 

interested groups, their provisions are likely to become established as trade customs. In addition, 

when a DOC Voluntary Product Standard is made part of a legal document, such as a sales 

contract or code, compliance with the standard is enforceable. 

The benefits derived from a DOC Voluntary Product Standard are in direct proportion to their 

general recognition and actual use. Producers and distributors whose products meet the 

requirements of a DOC Voluntary Product Standard may refer to the standard in advertising and 

on labels to promote greater public understanding for confidence in their products. At times, 

purchasers may order products conforming to the requirements of a DOC Voluntary Product 

Standard. 

For copies of DOC Voluntary Product Standards or more information concerning the development 

and use of these standards, contact the Standards Services Division, National Institute of 

Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 2150, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2150; 

http://ts.nist.gov/docvps. 

iii 
Abstract 

This standard covers performance requirements, adhesive bond performance, panel construction 

and workmanship, dimensions and tolerances, marking, and moisture content of structural-use 

panels. Structural-use panels include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board (OSB), 

structural particle board, and composite panels. The standard classifies panels by exposure 

durability and by grade. It provides test methods, a glossary of trade terms and definitions, and a 

quality certification program whereby agencies inspect, sample, and test products for qualification 

under this standard. Information regarding industry practices for reinspection is provided in an 

appendix. 

Keywords 

Adhesive bond durability; certification; construction sheathing; dimensions and tolerances; 

marking; moisture content; oriented strand board; panel construction; performance requirements; 

particleboard; plywood; test methods; voluntary standard; waferboard; wood-based panels. 

iv 
CONTENTS 

SECTION PAGE 

1. SCOPE..............................................................................................................................................1
 

2. TERMINOLOGY................................................................................................................................1
 

3. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS........................................................................................................3
 

4. CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................................4
 

5. REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................4
 

6. QUALIFICATION TESTING AND MILL SPECIFICATION ............................................................12
 

7. TEST METHODS ............................................................................................................................19
 

8. TRADEMARKING AND CERTIFICATION.....................................................................................36
 

9. EFFECTIVE DATE AND IDENTIFICATION...................................................................................37
 

10. HISTORY OF PROJECT ................................................................................................................37
 

11. STANDING COMMITTEE...............................................................................................................38
 

APPENDIX A ..............................................................................................................................................39
 

APPENDIX B ..............................................................................................................................................43
 

v 
VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARD PS 2-04 

PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR WOOD-BASED STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS 

Initially Approved as PS 2-92 August 27, 1992 (See Section 9.) 

This Revision Approved May 20, 2004 

(This standard, initiated by APA – The Engineered Wood Association, has been developed under the 

Procedures for the Development of Voluntary Product Standards for the U.S. Department of Commerce.) 

1. SCOPE 

1.1. This Voluntary Product Standard primarily establishes structural criteria for assessing the 

acceptability of wood-based structural-use panels for construction sheathing and single-floor 

applications and provides a basis for common understanding among the producers, 

distributors, and the users of these products. The standard does not address non-structural 

issues such as resistance to biological agents. Applications other than construction sheathing 

and single-floor sheathing may require additional engineering considerations that are not 

covered by this document. 

1.2. This Standard covers the performance requirements, adhesive bond performance, panel 

construction and workmanship, dimensions and tolerances, marking and moisture content of 

structural-use panels. 

1.3. This Standard includes test methods to determine compliance and a glossary of trade terms 

and definitions. A quality certification program is provided whereby qualified testing agencies 

inspect, sample, and test products for qualification under this Standard. Information regarding 

industry practices for reinspection is provided in Appendix A. 

1.4. This Standard incorporates the International System of Units (SI) as well as customary units of 

measurement. The values given in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses 

are for information only. In conversion of customary units where exact placement is not an 

issue, such as nail spacing, approximate conversions to SI units are made to yield more easily 

recognizable numbers. In critical matters, such as panel thickness, exact conversions to SI 

units are made. For nominal customary units, actual dimensions in SI units are given. 

1.5. Advisory notes in this Standard shall not be considered mandatory. 

2. TERMINOLOGY 

2.1. Composite panel 

Any panel containing a combination of veneer and other wood-based material. 

2.2. Delamination 

For plywood or composite panels, delamination is a visible separation between plies or layers 

that normally receive adhesive at their interface and are firmly contacted in the pressing 

operation. Wood characteristics, such as checking, leafing, splitting and broken grain, are not 

to be construed as delamination. 

2.3. Furnish 

Wood-based material, such as flakes or strands, including applied resin, wax and other 

additives, as the primary constituent of mat-formed panels. 

1 
 

2.4. Mat-formed panel 

Any wood-based panel which does not contain veneer, consistent with the definition of 

structural-use panels. 

2.5. Mill specification 

A document that defines product characteristics which affect (or may affect) the classification 

(Section 4) and/or the performance of the product relative to the requirements of this Standard. 

The mill specification is unique to each qualified product of a given grade. The specification is 

used in the mill quality program as audited under third-party inspection. 

2.6. OSB 

An acronym for oriented strand board, a type of mat-formed panel with oriented layers resulting 

in directional properties. 

2.7. Performance standard 

A standard for trademarked products based on performance. Performance is measured by 

tests that approximate end-use conditions. 

2.8. Plywood 

A conventional all-veneer panel with alternate layers of veneer running perpendicular to one 

another. For all-veneer panels, a layer is a single veneer ply or two or more adjacent plies with 

grain direction parallel. 

2.9. PS 1 

Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-95 “Construction and Industrial Plywood.” Later issues of 

Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 shall be permitted providing the requirements are applicable 

and consistent with the issue designated. 

2.10. Reference value 

The numerical value established for the mill specification for a given mechanical or physical 

property. 

2.11. Sample 

A set of specimens analyzed together. 

2.12. Sample average 

The average test value, obtained by summing the observations and dividing by the number of 

tests. 

2.13. Sample standard deviation 

A measure of test variation. Calculated as: 

2 

2 (∑ x) ∑ x − n S = n - 1 

where: 

S = sample standard deviation 

x = test observation 

n = number of observations 

2 
 

2.14. Shop-cutting panel 

A panel which has been rejected as not conforming to a panel grade because of deficiencies, 

other than adhesive bond quality, which prevent it from meeting the requirements of this 

Standard. Such a panel shall be identified with a separate mark as specified in Section 8.3.1. 

2.15. Span rating 

An index number, based on customary inch units, that identifies the recommended maximum 

center-to-center support spacing for the specified end use under normal use conditions. Spans 

are defined for end uses such as roof, wall, subfloor, and single floor.1 

2.16. Specimen 

The individual test piece. 

2.17. Strength axis 

The axis parallel to the face and back orientation of the flakes or the grain (veneer), which is 

generally the long panel direction, unless otherwise marked. 

2.18. Structural-use panel 

A panel product composed primarily of wood which, in its commodity end use, is essentially 

dependent upon certain mechanical and/or physical properties for successful end-use 

performance. Such a product carrying the trademark of a qualified inspection and testing 

agency shall conform to performance requirements of one or more of the end-uses contained 

herein and, where applicable, approved by one or more national regulatory agencies for singlelayer floors or for sheathing with respect to roofs, subfloors, and walls. Such a panel shall be 

identified in a manner clearly conveying its intended end use. 

2.19. Test exposure condition 

The exposure condition to which a panel is subjected prior to test. 

3. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS 

3.1. ASTM standards2 

•	 E-72-02 Standard Test Methods for Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building 

Construction 

•	 E-661-88 (1997) Standard Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor 

and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and Impact Loads 

•	 D-1037-99 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and 

Particle Panel Materials 

•	 D-1761-88 (2000) Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood 

•	 D-3043-00 Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Flexure 

•	 D-4442-92 (2003) Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of 

Wood and Wood-Base Materials 

•	 D-2915-03 Standard Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties for Grades of Structural 

Lumber 

1

 As a matter of convention, spans are typically specified singly for wall (Wall 24) and single floor (Floor 24 o.c.), while roof and 

subfloor are often combined in a fractional format. For example, a span rating of 32/16 designates a roof span of 32 inches and a 

subfloor span of 16 inches. 

2

 Copies of these publications are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, 

PA 19428-2959, www.astm.org. 

3 
 

3.2. Other documents 

• Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 – Construction and Industrial Plywood3 

• CAN/CSA-O325.0-92 (R2003) Construction Sheathing4 

4. CLASSIFICATION 

4.1. General 

The structural-use panels covered by this Standard are specified by bond classification and by 

grade. 

4.1.1. Bond classification 

The bond classification is related to the moisture resistance of the glue bond under intended 

end-use conditions and does not relate to the physical (erosion, ultraviolet, etc.) or biological 

(mold, fungal decay, insect, etc.) resistance of the panel. 

4.1.1.1. Exterior 

A bond classification for plywood suitable for repeated wetting and redrying or long-term 

exposure to weather or other conditions of similar severity. 

4.1.1.2. Exposure 1 

A bond classification for panels suitable for uses not permanently exposed to the weather. 

Panels classified as Exposure 1 are intended to resist the effects of moisture on structural 

performance due to construction delays, or other conditions of similar severity. 

4.1.2. Grade 

This Standard covers grades of structural-use panels designed and manufactured for 

sheathing, Structural I sheathing, and single-floor applications. 

4.1.2.1. Sheathing 

A wood-based structural-use panel intended for use in construction applications as covering 

material for roofs, subfloors, and walls when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with 

the span rating. 

4.1.2.2. Structural I Sheathing 

A wood-based structural-use panel similar to that described in Section 4.1.2.1., except that 

Structural I panels meet additional requirements in this Standard for cross-panel strength and 

stiffness and for racking load performance. 

4.1.2.3. Single Floor 

A wood-based structural-use panel intended for use as combination subfloor and underlayment 

when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span rating. 

5. REQUIREMENTS 

5.1. General 

Structural-use panels represented as conforming to this Standard shall meet or exceed all 

applicable requirements set forth herein. 

5.2. General Requirements 

5.2.1. Dimensional tolerances and squareness of panels 

5.2.1.1. Size 

A tolerance of plus 0, minus 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) shall be allowed on specified length and/or width. 

3

 Copies of the current standard are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 

DC 20402 and the Standards Services Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 2150, 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2150, web site: ts.nist.gov/docvps. 

4

 Copies of this publication are available from the Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON, Canada 

L4W 5N6, www.csa.ca. 

4 
5.2.1.2. Thickness 

A tolerance of plus or minus 0.8 mm (for metric basis) or 1/32 in. (for English basis) shall be 

allowed on the trademark-specified thickness of 20.5 mm (13/16 in.) and less, and ±5% of the 

trademark-specified thickness for panels thicker than 20.5 mm (13/16 in.), unless a closer 

tolerance is determined through qualification testing. 

5.2.1.3. Squareness and straightness 

Panels shall be square within 1.3 mm per lineal meter of the longest edge (1/64 in. per lineal 

foot) measured along the diagonals. All panels shall be manufactured so that a straight line 

drawn from one corner to the adjacent corner is within 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) of the panel edge. 

5.2.2. Wood materials 

5.2.2.1. Veneer 

Any wood veneer used as a component of a panel shall be in accordance with the applicable 

veneer grade and workmanship requirements of Voluntary Product Standard PS 1. 

ADVISORY NOTE: Canadian Standard CAN/CSA-O325.0, which is the Canadian counterpart 

to PS 2, limits maximum size of knots and knotholes to 76 mm (3 in.) as measured across the 

grain. 

5.2.2.2. Other material 

Other materials used in panel manufacture shall include particles or fiber produced by breaking 

down solid wood. 

5.2.3. Design and construction 

Panels qualifying for a span rating are identified in three classes: plywood panels, composite 

panels, or mat-formed panels. See Section 2 for definitions of terms. Panels shall qualify on 

an individual panel construction basis for the grade and span rating upon demonstrated conformance to the appropriate requirements of Section 5.3. 

5.3. Performance requirements 

Structural-use panels to be trademarked in accordance with this Standard shall pass 

performance criteria established in three areas: structural performance, physical properties, 

and adhesive bond performance. Performance requirements listed in Sections 5.3.1., 5.3.2., 

and 5.3.3. are for all grades of structural-use panels except where noted otherwise. 

5.3.1. Structural performance 

Panels shall meet the performance requirements of Sections 5.3.1.1. through 5.3.1.4. when 

tested for each structural condition in accordance with the referenced test procedure. Section 

6 details specimen requirements and additional test set procedures. 

5.3.1.1. Concentrated loads 

Panels shall be tested according to the procedures of Section 7.1. for concentrated static and 

impact loads. Panels shall conform to the criteria of Table 1 for the grade and span shown on 

the trademark. 

5 
Panels to be identified as Structural I Sheathing and 11 mm (7/16 in.) or thicker shall also be 

tested according to the procedures of Section 7.1., with the framing members parallel to the 

strength axis direction, except the load shall be applied at panel mid-length. Minimum test 

panel size shall be 1,220 x 2,440 mm (48 x 96 in.). The framing shall be spaced 610 mm (24 

in.) on center (o.c.). The panel ends shall not be supported by framing. Panels shall conform 

to the criteria of Table 1 for Roof - 24. See Section 6.2.4.2. for additional testing requirements 

associated with knots and knotholes. 

5.3.1.2. Uniform loads 

Panels shall be tested according to the procedures of Section 7.2. for uniform loads. Panels 

shall conform to the criteria of Table 2 for the grade and span shown on the trademark. 

Panels to be identified as Structural I Sheathing shall also be tested according to procedures of 

Section 7.2. with the framing members parallel to the strength axis direction. Minimum test 

panel size shall be 1,220 x 1,220 mm (48 x 48 in.). The framing shall be spaced 610 mm (24 

in.) o.c. The panel ends shall not be supported by framing. Panels shall conform to the criteria 

of Table 3. 

5.3.1.3. Wall racking 

Sheathing panels which are rated for wall span 16 or 24 and for roof span 16, 20 or 24 shall be 

tested according to the procedures of Section 7.3. for wall racking. Panels shall conform to the 

criteria of Table 4 for the thickness shown on the trademark. 

Panels to be identified as Structural I Sheathing shall meet the Structural I Sheathing requirements of Table 4 for the thickness shown on the trademark, when tested according to the 

procedures of Section 7.3. 

5.3.1.4. Fastener holding 

Panels shall be tested according to the procedures of Section 7.4. for fastener holding under 

lateral and withdrawal loads. Panels shall conform to the criteria of Table 5 for the grade and 

thickness shown on the trademark. 

5.3.2. Physical properties 

Panels shall meet the performance requirements of Section 5.3.2.1. for each physical property 

when tested in accordance with the referenced test method. Section 6.2.3. details specimen 

requirements and additional test set procedures. 

5.3.2.1. Dimensional Stability 

Panels shall be tested according to one of the following linear expansion test procedures: 

a. Exposure to 50% (±5%) relative humidity; 21°C ±6°C (70°F ±10°F) and vacuumpressure soak – Panels shall be tested along and across the strength axis according to 

the procedures of Section 7.8. for linear expansion from 50% relative humidity to vacuumpressure soak. The average linear expansion shall be no more than 0.50% as measured 

according to the test method. 

b. One-sided wetting and relative humidity – Panels shall be tested according to the 

procedures of Section 7.9. for linear expansion and thickness expansion (Single Floor only) 

as measured by one-sided wetting and Section 7.10. for linear and thickness expansion 

(Single Floor only) as measured by relative humidity exposures. The free panel linear 

expansion shall be no more than 0.30% along the panel strength axis and 0.35% across 

the panel strength axis. Thickness swell of Single Floor shall be no greater than 25%. 

ADVISORY NOTE: Exposure 1 panels covered by this Standard are intended for dry use 

applications where the in-service equilibrium moisture content conditions are expected to be 

less than 16%; and under these conditions, dimensional stability is not considered to be a 

performance issue (see Section 4.1.1.). 

6 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 1. Concentrated static and impact test performance criteria for panels tested according to 

Section 7.1. 

End Use – 

Span Rating 

Test 

Exposure 

Conditions(a) 

Performance Requirement 

Minimum Ultimate Load Maximum Deflection 

Under 0.89 kN (200 lbf) 

Static Load 

Following 

Impact(b) 

kN lbf kN Lbf mm in. 

Roof - 16 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 11.1(c)(d) 0.438(c)(d) 

Roof - 20 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 11.9(c)(d) 0.469(c)(d) 

Roof - 24 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Roof - 32 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Roof - 40 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Roof - 48 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Roof - 54 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Roof - 60 Dry 

Wet 1.78 400 1.33 300 12.7(c)(d) 0.500(c)(d) 

Subfloor - 16 Dry 

Wet/Redry 1.78 400 1.78 400 4.8(c) 0.188(c) 

Subfloor - 20 Dry 

Wet/Redry 1.78 400 1.78 400 5.6(c) 0.219(c) 

Subfloor - 24 Dry 

Wet/Redry 1.78 400 1.78 400 6.4(c) 0.250(c) 

Subfloor - 32 Dry 

Wet/Redry 2.45 550 1.78 400 5.3(c) 0.207(c) 

Subfloor - 48 Dry 

Wet/Redry 2.45 550 1.78 400 8.0(c) 0.313(c) 

Single Floor - 16 Dry 

Wet/Redry 2.45 550 1.78 400 2.0(e) 0.078(e) 

Single Floor - 20 Dry 

Wet/Redry 2.45 550 1.78 400 2.4(e) 0.094(e) 

Single Floor - 24 Dry 

Wet/Redry 2.45 550 1.78 400 2.7(e) 0.108(e) 

Single Floor - 32 Dry 

Wet/Redry 3.11 700 1.78 400 2.2(e) 0.088(e) 

Single Floor - 48 Dry 

Wet/Redry 3.11 700 1.78 400 3.4(e) 0.133(e) 

(a) Wet/redry shall be exposure to three days of continuous wetting, followed by testing dry. Wet 

conditioning shall be exposure to three days of continuous wetting, then tested wet. Dry shall be as 

received or conditioned in accordance with ASTM E-661. 

(b) Impact shall be 102 N•m (75 lbf•ft) for span ratings up to 24, 122 N•m (90 lbf•ft) for 32, 163 N•m (120 

lbf•ft) for 40, and 203 N•m (150 lbf•ft) for 48 and greater. (c) Criteria apply under static concentrated load. They do not apply following impact. (d Deflection after wet conditioning not applicable. (e) Criteria apply under static concentrated load and following impact. 

7 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2. Uniform load performance criteria for panels tested according to Section 7.2. 

End Use ­

Span Rating 

Test 

Exposure 

Conditions(b) 

Performance Requirement 

Average 

Deflection 

Under Load 

Minimum 

Ultimate 

Uniform Load 

kPa lbf/ft2 

Wall - 16 Dry Not applicable 3.6(c) 75(c) 

Wall - 24 Dry Not applicable 3.6(c) 75(c) 

Roof - 16(a) Dry 1.7 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.067 in. at 35 lbf/ft2) 7.2 150 

Roof - 20(a) Dry 2.0 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.080 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 24(a) Dry 2.5 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.100 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 32 Dry 3.4 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.133 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 40 Dry 4.2 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.167 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 48 Dry 5.1 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.200 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 54 Dry 5.7 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.225 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Roof - 60 Dry 6.4 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.250 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

Subfloor - 16 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.1 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.044 in. at 100 lbf/ft2

) 15.8 330 

Subfloor - 20 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.3 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.053 in. at 100 lbf/ft2) 15.8 330 

Subfloor - 24 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.7 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.067 in. at 100 lbf/ft2) 15.8 330 

Subfloor - 32 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

2.2 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.088 in. at 100 lbf/ft2

) 15.8 330 

Subfloor - 48 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

3.4 mm at 3.83 kPa (0.133 in. at 80 lbf/ft2) 10.8 225 

Single Floor - 16 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.1 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.044 in. at 100 lbf/ft2

) 15.8 330 

Single Floor - 20 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.3 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.053 in. at 100 lbf/ft2) 15.8 330 

Single Floor - 24 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

1.7 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.067 in. at 100 lbf/ft2) 15.8 330 

Single Floor - 32 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

2.2 mm at 4.79 kPa (0.088 in. at 100 lbf/ft2) 15.8 330 

Single Floor - 48 Dry 

Wet/Redry 

3.4 mm at 3.83 kPa (0.133 in. at 80 lbf/ft2

) 10.8 225 

(a) Panels with Roof - 16 and Roof - 20 rating shall also meet performance requirements for Wall - 16 

rating. Panels with Roof - 24 rating shall also meet requirements for Wall - 24 rating. (b) Wet/Redry shall be exposure to three days of continuous wetting, followed by testing dry. Dry shall be 

as received or conditioned in accordance with ASTM E-661. (c) The panel strength axis shall be placed along the supports for testing, unless otherwise specified. 

Table 3. Uniform load performance criteria for Structural I Sheathing panels tested according to Section 

7.2. (also see Section 5.3.1.2.) 

Nominal Thickness 

Test 

Exposure 

Conditions( 

a) 

Performance Requirements 

Average Deflection Under Load 

Minimum 

Ultimate 

Uniform Load 

kPa lbf/ft2 

11.1 mm (7/16 in.) Dry 2.5 mm at 0.96 kPa (0.100 in. at 20 lbf/ft2) 4.3 90 

11.9 mm (15/32 in.) Dry 2.5 mm at 1.68 kPa (0.100 in. at 35 lbf/ft2

) 6.5 135 

12.7 mm (1/2 in.) Dry 2.5 mm at 1.92 kPa (0.100 in. at 40 lbf/ft2

) 7.2 150 

15.1 & 15.9 mm (19/32 & 5/8 in.) Dry 2.5 mm at 3.35 kPa (0.100 in. at 70 lbf/ft2

) 11.5 240 

18.3 & 19.1 mm (23/32 & 3/4 in.) Dry 2.5 mm at 4.31 kPa (0.100 in. at 90 lbf/ft2

) 14.4 300 

(a) Dry shall be as received or conditioned in accordance with ASTM E-661. 

8 
Table 4. Racking load performance criteria for panels tested according to Section 7.3. 

Minimum 

Nominal 

Panel 

Thickness 

Test 

Exposure 

Condition(b) 

Nail 

Size 

(Common) 

Nail Spacing Test Load 

Performan

Maximum 

Deflection 

Test Load 

M

Panel 

Edge 

Intermediate 

Studs(d) Sheathing Structural I S

mm in. mm d(c) mm in. mm in. kN/m lbf/ft kN/m lbf/ft mm in. kN/

Less 

than 

7.9 

Less 

than 5/16 

Dry 51 6 150 6 300 12 

2.2 150 --- --- 5.1 0.2 

9

4.4 300 --­ --­ 15.2 0.6 

7.9 5/16 Dry 51 6 75 3 300 12 5.1 350 --­ --­ 5.1 0.2 14

9.5 3/8 Dry 64 8 75 3 300 12 6.0 410 6.7 460 5.1 0.2 16

11.1 7/16 Dry 64 8 75 3 300 12 6.6 450 7.4 505 5.1 0.2 18

11.9 15/32 Dry 76 10 75 3 300 12 8.8 600 9.7 665 5.1 0.2 24

15.1 

and 

greater 

19/32 

and 

greater 

Dry 76 10 75 3 300 12 9.7 665 9.7 665 5.1 0.2 27

(a) Stud spacing – 405 mm (16 in.) o.c. for Wall-16, Roof-16, and Roof-20; 610 mm (24 in.) o.c. for all other span ratings and all Structu(b) Dry shall be as received or conditioned in accordance with ASTM E-661. (c) d is a pennyweight classification for nail size. (d) For studs spaced 610 mm (24 in.) o.c., nail spacing on intermediate studs shall be 150 mm (6 in.) o.c. for panels 11.1 mm (7/16 in.) a

9 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5. Fastener performance criteria under lateral and withdrawal loads for panels tested 

according to Section 7.4. 

Performance 

Requirements for 

Minimum Ultimate 

Load 

Grade 

End 

Use 

Panel 

Thickness 

Nail 

Size(a) 

Test 

Exposure 

Condition(c) 

Lateral 

Withdrawal 

mm in. mm d(b) N lbf N lbf 

Sheathing 

Wall 

Through 12.7 

Greater than 

12.7 

Through1/2 

Greater than 

1/2 

51 

64 

6 

8 

Dry 534 120 (d) (d) 

Wet/Redry 400 90 (d) (d) 

Roof 

Through 12.7 

Greater than 

12.7 

Through 1/2 

Greater than 

1/2 

51 

64 

6 

8 

Dry 534 120 89 20 

Wet/Redry 400 90 67 15 

Subfloor 

Through 12.7 

Greater than 

12.7 

Through 1/2 

Greater than 

1/2 

51 

64 

6 

8 

Dry 934 210 89 20 

Wet/Redry 712 160 67 15 

Single 

Floor Floor 

Through 12.7 

Greater than 

12.7 

Through 1/2 

Greater than 

1/2 

51 

64 

6 

8 

Dry 934 210 89 20 

Wet/Redry 712 160 67 15 

(a) Common smooth-shank nail. 

(b) d is a pennyweight classification for nail size. 

(c) Wet/redry shall be exposure to three days of continuous wetting, followed by testing dry. Dry shall be as 

received or conditioned in accordance with ASTM E-661. (d) Not applicable. 

Table 6. Exposure 1 Criteria for OSB Tested Along the Strength Axis According to Section 7.6., 

Cycled According to Section 7.16.a 

Nominal Thickness 

End Use - Span Rating 

Bending Capacity 

(Required Moment) 

Mm in. N-mm/mm lbf-in./ft 

9.5 3/8 Roof - 24 310 830 

11.1 7/16 Roof - 24/Subfloor - 16 350 950 

11.9 & 12.7 15/32 & 1/2 Roof - 32/Subfloor - 16 380 1,030 

15.1 & 15.9 19/32 & 5/8 Roof - 40/Subfloor - 20 450 1,210 

18.3 & 19.1 23/32 & 3/4 Roof - 48/Subfloor - 24 640 1,720 

14.3 9/16 Single Floor - 16 390 1,060 

15.1 & 15.9 19/32 & 5/8 Single Floor - 20 420 1,130 

18.3 & 19.1 23/32 & 3/4 Single Floor - 24 610 1,650 

22.2 & 24.5 7/8 & 1 Single Floor - 32 1,000 2,690 

28.6 1-1/8 Single Floor - 48 1,140 3,060 

a

 Bond performance may also be established using procedures defined in section 6.2.4.1.e. 

10 
5.3.3. Bond performance 

Panels shall meet the performance requirements of Sections 5.3.3.1. through 5.3.4.3. for 

properties that affect the adhesive bonding system when tested in accordance with the 

referenced test method. Section 6.2.4. details specimen requirements and additional test set 

procedures. 

5.3.3.1. Bond classification 

Structural-use panels shall meet the bond requirements listed below for their respective 

exposure bond classification. 

a. Exterior Plywood – Plywood rated as Exterior shall meet PS-1 bond requirements for 

Exterior panels. Exterior delamination in plywood is a visible separation at a single glueline 

that exceeds 19.4 cm2

 (3 in.2) in an area coinciding with open knotholes, pitch pockets, 

splits, gaps and other voids or characteristics permitted in the panel grade. 

b. Exposure 1 Plywood – Plywood rated as Exposure 1 shall meet PS-1 bond requirements 

for Exposure 1. Exposure 1 delamination in plywood is a visible separation in any glueline 

that exceeds 19.4 cm2

 (3 in.2) except where directly attributable to characteristics permitted 

in the grade as follows: 

•	 Knots and knotholes – not to exceed the size permitted in the grade plus a 

surrounding band not wider than 19.1 mm (3/4 in.). 

•	 Other permissible grade characteristics – not to exceed the size permitted in the 

grade. 

c. Exposure 1 Composite panels - Composite panels rated as Exposure 1 shall satisfy the 

delamination requirements of Section 6.2.4.1.c when tested in accordance with Section 

7.13., following moisture cycling according to Section 7.17. Exposure 1 delamination in 

composites is a visible separation along a test specimen edge and/or end, between veneerto-veneer or veneer-to-wood-based material gluelines, not to exceed 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) depth 

for a continuous length of 25 mm (1 in.). 

d. Exposure 1 OSB – OSB panels rated as Exposure 1 shall meet or exceed the criteria in 

Table 6 when tested in accordance with method Section 7.6. following moisture cycling 

according to Section 7.16. or the procedures of section 5.3.3.1.e. 

ADVISORY NOTE: Values in Table 6 were based on properties from representative 

industry panels that met requirements for structural performance when tested in accordance 

with Section 6.2.2.1. and bond performance when tested in accordance with Section 7.7. 

following moisture cycling according to Section 7.17. 

e. Exposure 1 mat-formed panels - Mat-formed panels and wood-based material for 

composite panels rated as Exposure 1 shall exhibit a minimum average strength retention of 

50% with no individual panel retained strength less than 40% when tested in accordance 

with Section 7.7. following moisture cycling according to Section 7.17. 

5.3.3.2. Bond performance associated with knots and knotholes 

Structural-use plywood rated as Exposure 1 shall satisfy the requirements of Section 6.3.4.4. 

when tested in accordance with Sections 7.18. and 7.19. 

5.3.4. Adhesive performance 

5.3.4.1. Adhesive mold resistance 

Panel adhesive bonds shall satisfy the mold resistance test according to the procedures of 

Section 7.14. as defined in Section 6.2.5.1. Phenolic or isocyanate-based adhesives have 

demonstrated resistance to attack from mold and shall be considered as meeting this 

requirement. 

5.3.4.2. Adhesive resistance to elevated temperature 

Panel adhesive bonds shall be considered to satisfy sufficient elevated-temperature resistance 

(71°C [160°F]) when they meet the requirements of Section 5.3.3.1. 

11 
5.3.4.3. Adhesive bacteria resistance 

Panel adhesive bonds shall satisfy the bacteria test according to the procedures of Section 

7.15. as defined in Section 6.2.5.3. Phenolic or isocyanate-based adhesives have 

demonstrated resistance to attack from bacteria and shall be considered as meeting this 

requirement. 

5.4. Moisture content 

Moisture content of panels at time of shipment from the manufacturer and at the time of testing 

shall be less than 16% of oven-dry weight as determined by Section 7.11. 

6. QUALIFICATION TESTING AND MILL SPECIFICATION 

6.1. General 

This section details test specimen requirements, conformance criteria, additional test set 

options, and mill specifications. See Appendix B for a flowchart. 

6.2. Qualification testing 

6.2.1. General 

Qualification tests are a function of the panel grade. Required tests and performance criteria 

are detailed in Section 5. Conformance criteria and additional test set requirements are given 

by test in this section. 

Panels for qualification testing shall be representative of minimum performance. 

Tests shall be conducted according to the application specifications of the manufacturer and 

the use for which the panel is being qualified, at the support spacing to be shown on the 

trademark. Any special product modification which affects performance (e.g., moisturizing or 

water repellent treatment) shall be noted per Section 6.3. Upon failure of qualification tests, 

provisions shall be followed for one additional series of tests provided no change has been 

made in the manufacturing process. If a product satisfies the provisions of the additional 

testing, it shall pass the performance qualification test in question. If it does not, the product 

shall fail the performance qualification test. If a change in panel configuration or processing 

has been made, additional qualification tests shall be performed when required by the qualified 

testing agency. 

6.2.2. Structural performance 

6.2.2.1. Concentrated loads 

Test a maximum of 20 specimens taken from at least 10 panels. Ten specimens (taken from at 

least five panels) for each test exposure condition shall be evaluated for both concentrated 

static and impact loads according to Section 7.1. Requirements are found in Table 1. If additional tests are needed, they shall also consist of 10 specimens, and the results of the two 10­

specimen sets shall be combined. Only one additional test set is allowed. If the combined 

results meet or exceed the minimum passing rate, the sample passes. 

a. Deflection – The initial test set consists of 10 specimens. 

• The average deflection shall not be greater than the appropriate requirement in Table 1. 

• If no more than one value is above the requirement, the sample passes. 

• If two or three values are above the requirement, test an additional set. 

• If four or more values are above the requirement, the sample fails. 

• If ten additional specimens are tested, the combined passing rate shall be at least 85%. 

12 
b. Ultimate load – The initial test set consists of 10 specimens. 

•	 The average load shall not be less than the appropriate requirement in Table 1. 

•	 If all of the values meet or exceed the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If one of the values is below the requirement, test an additional set. 

•	 If two or more values are below the requirement, the sample fails. 

•	 If ten additional specimens are tested, the combined passing rate shall be at least 95%. 

6.2.2.2. Uniform loads 

Test a maximum of 20 specimens taken from at least 10 panels. Ten specimens (taken from at 

least five panels) for each test exposure condition shall be evaluated for uniform-load capacity 

according to Section 7.2. Test requirements are found in Table 2 and Table 3 (Structural I). If 

additional tests are needed, they shall also consist of 10 specimens, and the results of the two 

10-specimen sets shall be combined. Only one additional test set is allowed. If the combined 

results meet or exceed the minimum passing rate, the sample passes. 

a. Deflection – The average deflection shall not be greater than that specified. The initial test 

consists of 10 specimens. 

•	 If the average value is below the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If the average value is above the requirement, test an additional set. 

•	 If the average value based on combined results is above the requirement, the sample 

fails. 

b. Ultimate load – The initial test consists of 10 specimens. 

•	 The average load shall not be less than the appropriate requirement in Table 2. 

•	 If all of the values meet or exceed the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If one of the values is below the requirement, test an additional set. 

•	 If two or more values are below the requirement, the sample fails. 

•	 If ten additional specimens are tested, the combined passing rate shall be at least 95%. 

6.2.2.3. Wall racking 

Two wall assemblies shall be evaluated for wall racking according to Section 7.3. Requirements are found in Table 4. If an additional test is needed, it shall consist of one wall 

assembly, and the results of the three tests shall be combined. Only one additional test is 

allowed. 

a. Deflection – The average deflection shall not be greater than that specified (Table 4). The 

initial test shall consist of two samples. 

•	 If the average value is below the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If the average value is above the requirement, test one additional wall assembly. 

•	 If the average value based on combined results is above the requirement, the wall 

evaluation fails. 

13 
 

b. Ultimate load – The minimum passing rate shall be 100%. The initial test shall consist of 

two samples. If only two walls are tested, the ultimate loads shall be within 10% of each 

other. 

•	 If either of the two test values is below the requirement, the sample fails. 

•	 If the two test values meet the requirement but do not agree within 10%, test one 

additional wall assembly. The lower of the two test values shall be used to calculate the 

10% allowance. 

•	 If the lowest value of the three walls tested exceeds the specified minimum ultimate load, 

the wall evaluation passes. 

6.2.2.4. Fastener holding 

Test a maximum of 40 specimens taken from at least 20 panels. Twenty specimens (taken 

from at least 10 panels) for each test exposure condition and property shall be tested for lateral 

and withdrawal loads according to Section 7.4. Requirements are found in Table 5. If additional tests are needed, they shall also consist of 20 specimens, and the results of the two 20­

specimen sets shall be combined. Only one additional test set is allowed. Panel thickness 

shall be as shown on the trademark. 

Ultimate load – The initial test consists of 20 specimens. 

•	 If no more than two values are below the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If three, four or five values are below the requirement, test an additional set. 

•	 If six or more values are below the requirement, the sample fails. 

•	 If 20 additional panels are tested, the combined passing rate shall be at least 87%. 

6.2.3. Dimensional stability 

One of the following linear expansion test methods and associated criteria shall be satisfied as 

noted for the grade in Section 5.3.2.1. Any special feature included by the manufacturer, such 

as coatings or moisture conditioning, shall be stated for Section 6.3. 

a. Exposure to 50% (±5%) relative humidity; 21°C ±6°C (70°F ±10°F) and vacuumpressure soak – A minimum of 10 specimens (taken from at least 5 panels) both along and 

across the panel strength axis shall be conducted according to Section 7.8. for linear expansion measured from 50% relative humidity to vacuum-pressure soak. 

The average linear expansion from each panel axis, as measured according to the test 

method from 50% relative humidity to vacuum-pressure soak, shall be no greater than 

specified. 

Additional tests – If the average linear expansion exceeds 0.55%, the test fails. If the 

average linear expansion fails to meet the linear expansion requirement and is no greater 

than 0.55%, another lot of 10 specimens for a given panel axis shall be permitted. If the 

combined average of all the specimens meets the specified criteria, the requirement shall be 

considered satisfied. 

b. Exposure to one-sided wetting and relative humidity – Test a maximum of 20 

specimens taken from at least 10 panels. Ten specimens (taken from at least 5 panels) for 

both along and across the panel strength axis shall be evaluated for linear and/or thickness 

expansion measured from as-received to wet-one-side exposure according to Section 7.9. 

Ten specimens (taken from at least 5 panels) for both along and across the panel strength 

axis shall be evaluated for linear and/or thickness expansion measured when exposed to 

relative humidity change according to Section 7.10. 

14 
 

 

Each panel axis is evaluated separately. The initial test consists of 10 specimens. If additional test sets are needed, they shall also consist of 10 specimens, and the results of the 

two 10-specimen sets shall be combined. Only one additional test set is allowed. If the 

combined results meet or exceed the minimum passing rate, the sample passes. 

•	 If no more than three values are above the requirement, the sample passes. 

•	 If four, five or six values are above the requirement, test an additional set. 

•	 If seven or more samples are above the requirement, the sample fails. 

•	 If ten additional specimens are tested, the minimum passing rate is 70%. 

6.2.4. Bond performance 

6.2.4.1. Bond classification 

Bond classification performance tests shall be conducted as follows: 

a. Exterior Plywood – Plywood rated as Exterior shall satisfy PS-1 bond requirements for 

Exterior panels. 

b. Exposure 1 Plywood – Plywood rated as Exposure 1 shall satisfy PS-1 bond 

requirements for Exposure 1. 

c. Exposure 1 Composite panels – Composite panels rated as Exposure 1 shall have one 

sample (of at least five specimens) from each of at least 20 panels tested according to 

Section 7.17. and evaluated for delamination according to Section 7.13. following the fourth 

and sixth moisture cycles. At least 95% of the samples shall pass four moisture cycles, 

and 90% shall pass six moisture cycles. If more than 85% but fewer than 90% of the 

samples pass delamination requirements following the six-cycle test of Section 7.17. and 

evaluated according to Section 7.13., one additional test set of 20 samples shall be 

permitted. If the additional test results meet the requirements, bond performance requirements shall be considered satisfied. 

d. Exposure 1 OSB – OSB shall satisfy the requirements of this section or the requirements 

of section 6.2.4.1.e. To satisfy the requirements of this section, OSB rated as Exposure 1 

shall have one sample (of at least two specimens) from each of at least 20 panels tested 

for parallel strength according to Section 7.6. after cycling according to Section 7.16. If no 

more than one of the samples is below the minimum criterion in Table 6, the 20-panel test 

set shall be considered passing. If four or more samples fall below the minimum requirement, the test set shall be considered failing. If two or three of the samples are below the 

minimum criterion, an additional test set of 20 samples from the same lot shall be allowed. 

The combined passing rate of the 40-panel test set shall be 92.5% or greater. 

e. Exposure 1 mat-formed panels – Mat-formed panels rated as Exposure 1 shall have one 

sample (of at least five specimens) from each of at least 20 panels cycled according to 

Section 7.17. and tested for strength retention according to Section 7.7. Strength retention 

is calculated by the following method: 

% RS Pt = ×100 

Pc

where % RS = Percent retained strength of sample 

Pt = Average of five-specimen breaking load after cycling. 

Pc* = Average unexposed sample (five-specimen) breaking load. 

*Unexposed (control) specimens are broken in the as-received condition. 

Samples tested shall exhibit the specified minimum strength retention following six moisture 

cycles.5 

5

 Because of the extreme severity of the six-cycle test, the strength retention requirement relates to bond performance and does not 

relate to structural design values. 

15 
Additional tests If the 20-sample average strength retention meets the requirements, but 

no more than one sample fails to meet the minimum individual strength retention specified, 

an additional test of 20 samples (one sample from each of 20 panels) shall be permitted. 

The combined passing rate of the 40-panel test set shall be 97.5% or greater. 

6.2.4.2. Bond performance of plywood with knots and knotholes 

Structural-use plywood rated as Exposure 1 shall be tested according to Sections 7.18. and 

7.19. Knots and/or knotholes in the samples tested shall be greater than 51 mm (2 in.) but not 

exceeding 76 mm (3 in.) in width measured across the grain. Twenty samples with knots 

and/or knotholes shall be tested according to Section 7.18. and 20 according to Section 7.19. 

Samples with knots and/or knotholes tested according to Section 7.18. shall meet dry 

concentrated static and impact requirements, conformance criteria and additional test set 

options of Table 1 and Sections 6.2.2.1.(a) and 6.2.2.1.(b). For each lot of 20, 95% of the 

samples with knots and/or knotholes tested according to Section 7.19. shall not exhibit 

delamination extending radially more than 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) beyond the boundary of the knot or 

knothole and across the width of a full sector or the continuous equivalent of the width of a full 

sector as measured by Section 7.19.4. 

Additional tests – If no more than two samples with knots or knotholes in a lot of 20 fail to 

meet the test requirements, another lot of 20 tests for that requirement shall be permitted. If all 

specimens pass the additional tests, the requirements shall be considered satisfied. 

6.2.5. Adhesive performance 

6.2.5.1. Adhesive mold resistance 

Four panels shall be tested according to the procedures of Section 7.14. 

a.	 Plywood shall be considered to have satisfactory adhesive mold resistance if each test 

group (see Section 7.14.2. for group definition) over the 20-week period shows an average 

glueline shear load of at least 90% of the control. In addition, no more than two groups shall 

rate less than 80%, and no single group shall rate less than 75%. 

b.	 Other panels shall be considered to have satisfactory mold resistance if no test group 

average is less than the control sample average minus 1.8 times the control sample 

standard deviation. 

6.2.5.2. Adhesive Resistance to elevated temperature 

Adhesives satisfying the moisture-cycling requirements of Section 6.2.4.1. shall be considered 

to have satisfactory resistance to elevated temperature. 

6.2.5.3. Adhesive resistance to bacteria 

At least four panels shall be tested according to procedures of Section 7.15. 

a.	 Plywood shall be considered to have adhesive bacteria resistance if each test group (see 

Section 7.15.2. for group definition) over the 12-week test shows an average load of at least 

80% of the control. No single group shall rate below 70% of the control. 

b.	 Other panels shall be considered to have satisfactory bacteria resistance if no test group 

average is less than the control sample average minus 1.8 times the control sample 

standard deviation. 

6.3. Mill specification 

When a product passes the appropriate performance qualification tests of Section 6.2., a 

proprietary mill specification unique to the product and mill shall be written based on product 

evaluation under this section. 

16 
The product evaluation shall be based on values developed in this Standard and unique 

characteristics of the same materials supplied by the manufacturer for performance qualification testing. Reference values (see Section 2.10) shall be established during product 

evaluation or from applicable performance requirements in this Standard (Section 5.) and shall 

be the basis for quality evaluation of future production. Reference values for mechanical 

properties may be based on Sections 6.3.2.1. or 6.3.2.2. Minimum industry reference values 

for small bending tests are found in Tables 6 and 7. Mill specific small bending values based 

on Section 7.6 or mill specific 1" x 5" bending reference values based on Section 7.7 may be 

determined based on certification agency approved methods. For plywood and composite 

panels, the grade and construction requirements are permitted for use in lieu of reference 

values for quality evaluation purposes. These values or characteristics will be used by both the 

individual mill quality procedures and by an inspection program of a qualified inspection and 

testing agency (see Section 8.2.) in conjunction with its policies. 

In addition to the panel characteristics specifically evaluated in this section, any unique 

manufacturing techniques which influence product qualification shall be included in the 

individual mill specification. This includes special coatings; heat, water or chemical treatments; 

overlays; additives; or other manufacturing-related activities. In addition, the maximum size 

knot or knothole tested according to Section 6.2.4.2. shall be included in the mill specification. 

6.3.1. Panel construction 

6.3.1.1. Plywood panels 

Panels shall be defined as to species and veneer construction for the mill specification and 

evaluated under Sections 6.3.2. and 6.3.3., but excluding Section 6.3.3.2. 

6.3.1.2. Composite panels 

Wood-based material shall be evaluated as required in Sections 6.3.2., 6.3.3.1. and 6.3.4. In 

addition, the finished (veneered) panel shall be evaluated by the provisions of Sections 6.3.2., 

6.3.3.1., 6.3.3.3. and 6.3.4. 

6.3.1.3. Mat-formed panels 

Mat-formed panels shall be evaluated under the provisions of Sections 6.3.2., 6.3.3. and 6.3.4. 

6.3.2. Mechanical properties 

6.3.2.1. Large-panel bending stiffness and strength 

Twenty tests (specimens taken from at least 10 panels) shall be evaluated for bending stiffness 

both along and across the panel strength axis according to the procedures of Section 7.5. 

Stiffness reference values for each panel direction shall be the lower value of a 90% 

confidence interval established on the average. 

Strength reference values for each panel direction shall be the minimum observed value, or the 

sample average minus 1.8 times the sample standard deviation, whichever is the higher value. 

6.3.2.2. Small specimen bending stiffness and strength 

For OSB and other mat-formed panels, 20 samples (of at least 2 specimens) taken from at 

least 10 panels shall be evaluated for dry bending strength and stiffness both along and across 

the panel strength axis according to the procedures of Section 7.6. 

Reference values for Quality Assurance for OSB are found in Table 7. 

ADVISORY NOTE: Reference values in Table 7 are based on properties and statistical limits 

from representative industry samples that were tested for and met structural performance 

requirements in Section 6.2.2.1. and Table 1. Reference values for other mat-formed panels 

should be based on the statistical principles in section 6.3.4.2. 

17 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 7. Quality assurance minimum reference values for dry small specimen bending stiffness and 

strength, using Section 7.6., small static bending test(a)(c) 

End Use - 

Span Rating 

BENDING STIFFNESS, EI x 103 BENDING STRENGTH, MM 

Stress Applied 

Parallel to Strength 

Axis(b) 

Stress Applied 

Perpendicular to 

Strength Axis(b) 

Stress Applied 

Parallel to 

Strength Axis (b) 

Stress Applied 

Perpendicular to 

Strength Axis(b) 

Nmm2

/mm 

lbfin2

/ft 

width 

Nmm2

/mm 

lbfin 2

/ft 

width 

N 

mm/mm 

lbf-in/ft 

width 

N 

mm/mm 

lbfin/ft 

width 

Sheathing 

Roof – 24 292 31 85 9 330 880 130 350 

Roof - 24/Subfloor ­

16 

395 42 94 10 390 1,040 140 370 

Roof - 32/Subfloor -

16 

490 52 113 12 460 1,250 190 520 

Roof - 40/Subfloor -

20 

1,240 132 358 38 810 2,170 360 970 

Roof - 48/Subfloor -

24 

1,790 190 763 81 920 2,480 510 1,380 

Structural I 

9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 292 31 85 9 330 880 130 350 

11.1 mm (7/16 in.) 395 42 141 15 390 1,040 220 580 

11.9 mm (15/32 in.) 490 52 245 26 460 1,250 320 860 

12.7 mm (1/2 in.) 490 52 273 29 460 1,250 330 900 

15.1 & 15.9 mm 

(19/32 in. & 5/8 in.) 1,240 132 471 50 810 2,170 500 1,360 

18.3 & 19.1 mm 

(23/32 in. & 3/4 in.) 1,790 190 716 76 920 2,480 650 1,760 

Single Floor 

Single Floor - 16 876 93 198 21 650 1,740 230 630 

Single Floor - 20 1,110 118 264 28 710 1,910 240 650 

Single Floor - 24 1,600 170 546 58 910 2,450 320 850 

Single Floor - 32 4,170 443 1,270 135 1,570 4,240 600 1,610 

Single Floor - 48 8,660 920 2,110 224 2,080 5,600 820 2,200 

(a) Test criteria shall not be used for design properties. (b) The strength axis is parallel to the face and back orientation of the flakes or strands unless otherwise indicated. 

(c) Other reference values may be established through acceptable performance based on procedures in Section 

6.2.2.1. 

6.3.3. Physical properties 

6.3.3.1. Panel thickness 

Finished panel thickness shall be evaluated on each of 20 panels by the procedures of Section 

7.12. The reference value shall be the average less 1.932 standard deviations for 20 panels 

(the 95% lower tolerance limit at 75% confidence based on ASTM D-2915). 

6.3.3.2. Moisture content 

Panel moisture content shall be measured on one specimen from each of 20 panels according 

to Section 7.11. The reference value shall be the maximum panel moisture content. A reference value shall be established only if necessary under dimensional stability performance 

testing per Section 6.2.3. 

18 
6.3.3.3. Linear expansion 

Reference values for linear expansion are to be based on specimens taken from at least 20 

panels per the instructions in either Procedure A or Procedure B of Section 7.8. If the average 

linear expansion based on Procedure A exceeds 0.5%, reference values shall be based on 

specimens taken from 20 panels evaluated using Section 7.8.2.1. The reference value shall be 

the highest observed value, or the sample average plus 1.8 times the sample standard 

deviation, whichever is the lower value. If Procedure B is used, the reference value shall be 

0.5%. 

For composite panels and for mat-formed panels containing non-oriented furnish, one 

specimen 75 x 300 mm (3 x 12 in.) shall be prepared perpendicular to the machine direction 

only from each panel to be tested. 

For OSB and other mat-formed panels containing oriented furnish, one 75 x 300 mm (3 x 12 

in.) specimen parallel and one perpendicular to the panel strength axis shall be prepared from 

each panel to be tested. Separate parallel and perpendicular reference values shall be 

determined when using Section 7.8.2.1. Procedure A. 

6.3.4. Adhesive bond properties 

6.3.4.1. Exposure 1 bond performance for OSB 

The reference values for an OSB mill specification shall be established based on 20 samples 

evaluated parallel to the strength axis according to Section 7.6 after cycling according to 

Section 7.16, or based on procedures as described in section 6.3.4.2 or based on the tabulated 

values in Table 6. 

6.3.4.2. Exposure 1 bond performance for composites and mat-formed panels. 

For composite and mat-formed panels classified Exposure 1, a minimum of 20 samples, one 

taken from each of 20 panels, shall be moisture cycled according to the procedures of Section 

7.16. (single cycle soak-dry test) using specimens described in Section 7.7. For composite and 

mat-formed panels classified Exposure 1, a minimum of 20 samples, one taken from each of 20 

panels, shall be moisture cycled according to the procedures of Section 7.17. (6-cycle test) 

using specimens described in Section 7.7. Immediately after cycling, composite samples will 

be evaluated for delamination based on procedures described in Section 7.13. Moisture-cycled 

samples shall then be tested according to the procedures of Section 7.7. The individual panel 

reference value for each qualification shall be the lowest observed breaking load (5-specimen 

average) or the sample average minus 1.8 times the sample standard deviation, whichever is 

the higher value. In addition, for Exposure 1 panels tested according to Sections 7.16. and 

7.7., the lower 90% confidence interval shall be established on the qualification average. 

6.3.4.3. Exposure 1 bond performance of plywood panels 

Reference values for bond performance of Exposure 1 plywood panels shall be as specified in 

Section 6.2.4.1.(b). 

6.3.4.4. Bond performance associated with knots and knotholes 

Reference values for bond performance associated with knots and knotholes shall be as 

specified in Section 6.2.4.2. for knots and knotholes tested according to Section 7.19. 

ADVISORY NOTE: Assessment of bond performance associated with knots and knotholes on 

a quality auditing basis should be conducted when a maximum-sized knot or knothole appears 

in the routine bond performance samples. When available, they should be tested according to 

Section 7.19. and meet the criteria of Section 6.2.4.2. 

7. TEST METHODS 

7.1. Concentrated static and impact load test 

7.1.1. Specimen preparation 

ASTM E-661 shall be followed with regard to specimen preparation, and Section 6.2.2.1. of 

PS 2 shall be followed with regard to the number of specimens required. Specimens shall also 

be moisture cycled as required. 

19 
7.1.2. Test procedure 

Concentrated static – Procedures of ASTM E-661 shall be followed, except that a test frame 

of steel rather than lumber, using fasteners that simulate nails, shall be permitted. During 

measurement of deflection, the loading rate shall be 445 N (100 lbf) per 30 seconds. Following 

measurement of deflection, the rate of loading shall yield failure within 5 minutes if a handpumped hydraulic loading system is used. 

Concentrated impact – Procedures of ASTM E-661 Method A shall be followed, except: 

1. A test frame of steel rather than lumber, using fasteners that simulate nails, shall be 

permitted. 

2. For span ratings greater than 24, the shot bag shall weigh 27 kg (60 lbs). 

The width of individual test pieces shall be at least 610 mm (24 in.) for span ratings up to 24, 

and 1,220 mm (48 in.) for greater span ratings. 

7.2. Uniform load test 

7.2.1. General 

This method covers a procedure for determining the performance of structural-use panels 

under uniform loads such as snow, wind and occupancy loads. The uniform load shall be 

applied by drawing a vacuum under the test specimen. This causes atmospheric pressure to 

apply a uniform load to the test specimen. The specimen shall be mounted on fully supported 

framing members in a vacuum chamber. 

7.2.2. Equipment 

Vacuum chamber – The vacuum chamber (Figures 1 and 2) shall consist of a sealed box with 

the panel to be tested forming the top. A 0.15-mm (6-mil) polyethylene sheet or equivalent, the 

perimeter of which shall be attached securely with tape, shall seal the top surface of the 

vacuum chamber. The chamber shall be strong and rigid to resist the applied load without 

failure or excessive deformation. A vacuum pump shall be used to reduce the air pressure 

under the specimen. The load shall be measured with absolute pressure gages for electronic 

data readout, but manometers or vacuum gages shall also be permitted. 

Joist supports – The framing members shall be supported so as to resist deflection or rotation 

under applied load. 

Deflection gages – The deflection gages shall be mounted to rigid tripods whose legs shall 

rest above the joists. Deflection shall be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). 

7.2.3. Specimen preparation 

Samples selected shall be representative of the product being tested. 

Length – The specimen length perpendicular to the framing members shall be equal to twice 

the center-to-center spacing. 

Width – The specimen width shall be at least 595 mm (23.5 in.). 

Thickness – The specimen thickness shall be measured and recorded after conditioning. 

Conditioning – Prior to testing, specimens shall be conditioned as specified in Table 2. 

20 
 

7.2.4. Test procedure 

Following preparation of specimens in Section 7.2.3., the specimen to be tested shall be 

mounted on framing members in the vacuum chamber at the spacing for which the panel is 

being rated, following the specified nail size and spacing. The top of the vacuum chamber 

shall then be sealed with the polyethylene sheet, and the tripod holding the deflection gages 

shall be set in its proper position with the gages positioned to read deflection at the point of 

maximum deflection6

 within the two outer spans (Figures 3 and 4). 

Figure 1. Vacuum Test Chamber Equipment 

Diagram shows strength axis across supports. 

Figure 2. Vacuum Test Chamber Equipment 

Diagram shows strength axis parallel to supports. 

6

 The point of maximum deflection for a uniformly loaded two-span system occurs at 0.4215 times (S) measured from the centerline 

of the outer joist, where S equals the center-to-center joist spacing. 

21 
Figure 3. Uniform Load Test Specimen 

Diagram shows Strength axis across supports. 

Figure 4. Uniform Load Test Specimen 

Diagram shows strength axis parallel to supports. 

22 
The panel shall be loaded at a uniform rate of 2.4 kPa (50 lbf/ft2

) per minute, recording 

deflections at 1.2 kPa (25 lbf/ft2

) increments until maximum load is achieved or until the desired 

proof load is achieved as required. Deflection data shall be required only in sufficient numbers 

to develop the straight-line portion of the load-deflection curve. In no case shall the number of 

data points be less than six. Deflection at a given load shall be determined by translating the 

slope to pass through the origin, thereby correcting for any settling of the system. 

7.3. Wall racking load test 

7.3.1. General 

The principles of Sections 14 of ASTM E-72 for wall racking shall be followed. 

7.3.2. Specimen preparation 

Test specimens 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 ft.) shall be prepared as in ASTM E-72, except that the 89 x 

89 mm (nominal 4 x 4 in.) timber attached to the upper plate shall be reinforced with a 100 x 

150 mm (4 x 6 in.) steel tube to prevent excessive deformation. An additional vertical 

deflection gage shall be positioned in the lower right corner of the wall (Figure 7 of ASTM E-72) 

to record crushing of the lower plate. 

Stud framing shall be Douglas-fir or southern pine stud grade, with a moisture content of 15% 

or less. Nail size and spacing shall be as specified in Table 4. When 76 mm (10d) nails are 

used, 64 mm (nominal 3 in.) wide framing shall be used for the center stud (at panel joint) to 

prevent splitting of framing member. 

Specimens shall be tested in the dry (as received) condition. 

7.3.3. Test procedure 

Load shall be applied continuously at a uniform rate of load. The rate of loading shall be 

chosen such that the 1-times test load shall be reached in not less than 2 minutes. The loading 

rate for the subsequent loading cycles shall be the same as the 1-times test load cycle. 

Deflection measurements shall be recorded as the wall is being loaded. At least 10 sets of 

uniformly-spaced deflection readings shall be taken prior to failure to establish the loaddeformation curve. At 1-times and 2-times the test load specified in Table 4, the load shall be 

removed and the wall shall be allowed to recover for 5 minutes. At 2.5 times the test load, the 

deflection gages may be removed and the wall shall be loaded to failure. 

Deflection shall be reported after removing panel uplift, base slip and crushing components 

from the total deflection measurement. Ultimate load shall be recorded. 

7.4. Fastener-holding resistance test 

7.4.1. General 

Tests shall measure the single-shear resistance of a nail to lateral movement of the panel. The 

procedure shall generate data which are to be compared to data from other panel products, but 

the procedure shall not be used to produce joint design information. 

Direct withdrawal loads shall also be measured. 

Conditioning – Prior to testing, specimens shall be conditioned as specified in Table 5. 

7.4.2. Specimen preparation 

Lateral loads – Each specimen shall measure 150 x 150 mm (6 x 6 in.). To serve as test 

points, four points shall be marked on the centerline of each specimen axis, 25 mm (1 in.) in 

from each edge. Nail size shall be as required in Table 5. 

Nails shall be driven perpendicular to the face of the panel following conditioning. Nail 

penetration shall be such that the nail head lies flush with the panel face. A backing shall be 

used to prevent the nail from tearing away the back during driving. All nails shall be driven 

immediately prior to testing. 

23 
Direct withdrawal loads – Test specimens shall be of convenient size (at least 75 x 150 mm 

[3 x 6 in.]) trimmed from the lateral resistance specimens. Nail size shall be as required. Following conditioning, nails shall be driven through the panel perpendicular to the face and at 

least 12 mm (1/2 in.) of the shank portion shall project above the surface of the material. 

Figure 5. Exploded View of Test Apparatus for Measuring the 

 Lateral Nail-Holding Capacity of Structural Panel Products 

7.4.3. Test procedure 

Lateral loads – The fastener shall be loaded in single shear. Apparatus similar to that shown 

in Figure 5 shall be employed. The nail shank shall be rigidly clamped. Rollers shall be 

present to insure vertical movement by providing lateral restraint to the panel. Load shall be 

applied through a yoke-type loading head. One such loading head is illustrated in Figure 5. 

The test specimen shall be loaded continuously throughout the test by uniform motion of the 

movable crosshead of the test machine at a rate of 5 mm (0.2 in.) per minute. 

Direct withdrawal loads – Nail holding tests shall be made on nails driven through the 

thickness of the panel to measure the resistance to withdrawal in a plane perpendicular to the 

face. 

Method of loading shall be in accordance with ASTM D-1761, Section 10.2. 

The specimen shall be loaded continuously throughout the test by uniform motion of the 

movable head of the testing machine at a rate of 5 mm (0.2 in.) per minute. 

7.5. Large panel bending test 

7.5.1. General 

This test procedure provides basic data regarding large panel bending strength and stiffness. 

The general provisions of ASTM D-3043 Method C shall be followed. 

7.5.2. Specimen preparation 

Specimens shall be prepared according to ASTM D-3043 Method C, except specimen sizes 

not less than 310 x 1,220 mm (12 x 48 in.) shall be permitted. 

24 
7.5.3. Test procedure 

The procedures of ASTM D-3043 Method C shall be followed except specimens shall be tested 

for stiffness both along and across the panel strength axis, and maximum bending moment 

shall be taken as required. 

7.6. Small static bending test for OSB 

7.6.1. General 

This test is intended to develop bending strength and stiffness information to be used for quality 

assurance purposes. The test method follows the principles of ASTM D-3043, Method D. The 

information developed shall not be considered as appropriate for the purposes of developing 

design data. 

7.6.2. Specimen preparation 

Specimens are cut from each sample according to ASTM D-3043 Section 8.2, except that 

specimen width shall be 115 mm (4.5 in.). 

7.6.3. Test procedure 

The principles of ASTM D-3043 Sections 8.1 – 8.6 are followed, except that specimens shall be 

cut to the following length: 

355 mm (14 in.) for nominal thicknesses up to and including 13 mm (1/2 in.), 

510 mm (20 in.) for nominal thicknesses greater than 13 mm (1/2 in.) up to and including 19 

mm (3/4 in.), 

24 times nominal thickness plus 50 mm (2 in.) for thicknesses greater than 19 mm (3/4 in.). 

7.7. Small static (25 mm x 125 mm [1 in. x 5 in.]) bending test for composites and mat-formed 

panels 

7.7.1. General 

This test is intended to develop strength information which acts as a measure of bond integrity. 

The test shall be run on control and moisture-cycled specimens. 

7.7.2. Specimen preparation 

Fifteen 25 x 125 mm (1 in. x 5 in.) test specimens shall be cut from each sample to be tested 

(15 from each direction in the case of panels which exhibit directional properties). Side-by-side 

matching shall be observed for comparison of control, single cycle and six-cycle exposures. 

Specimens prepared from panels containing veneer shall be cut with the grain of the veneer 

parallel to the 125 mm (5 in.) dimension. Specimens prepared from mat-formed panels shall 

be cut so that the 125 mm (5 in.) dimension of the specimens shall be parallel to the panel 

strength axis except for panels exhibiting directional properties, in which case five specimens 

shall be cut along both axes. Specimens shall then be tested following appropriate 

conditioning. 

7.7.3. Test procedure 

Each specimen shall be tested as a beam across a 100 mm (4 in.) clear span with the loading 

head and supports measuring 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) in diameter. The load shall be applied at midspan at a rate not to exceed 25 mm (1 in.) per minute until failure occurs. Specimens from 

veneered composite panels shall be oriented so that the thickness of the specimen acts as the 

depth of the beam. Specimens from mat-formed panels shall be oriented so that the 25 mm 

(1 in.) cut dimension acts as the depth of the beam and the panel thickness acts as the beam 

width. The breaking load for each specimen shall be measured to ±4.4 N (±1 lbf). The 

average breaking load for each panel shall be calculated. In the case of panels that exhibit 

directional properties, separate averages shall be determined for each specimen direction. 

Average values shall be reported. 

7.8. Linear expansion test measured from oven-dry or 50% relative humidity to vacuumpressure soak 

7.8.1. General 

This test method provides evaluation of a panel’s dimensional stability. 

25 
 

7.8.2. Specimen preparation 

Test specimens shall be cut at least 75 mm (3 in.) wide by at least 300 mm (12 in.) long and 

prepared for both panel directions. 

Specimens shall be selected to avoid large characteristics such as knotholes, knots, or splits in 

the outer veneers (when veneers are present), especially near the eyelet locations. Otherwise, 

normal grade features shall be included as they occur. 

Fixed reference points which serve as measuring points on the centerline of each specimen 

shall be located 25 mm (1 in.) in from each end. Brass eyelets placed in pre-bored holes have 

been found to be suitable reference points. Use of the reference measuring points shall permit 

determination of linear expansion independent of any additional swelling that might take place 

at the exposed panel edge. 

7.8.2.1. Test procedure 

Specimen pre-conditioning 

Procedure A 

Specimens shall be oven-dried at 103±2°C (217±4°F) for 24 hours or until constant weight is 

attained. Constant weight shall be assumed when consecutive readings taken at least 2 hours 

apart agree within 0.2%. 

Procedure B 

Specimens shall be conditioned at 50% ±5% relative humidity and 21°±6°C (70°±10°F) until 

constant weight is attained. Constant weight shall be assumed when consecutive readings 

taken at least 24 hours apart agree within 0.2%. 

Measurement and vacuum-pressure soak cycle 

After pre-conditioning using either Procedure A or B, the specimen shall then be placed in a 

flattening jig to remove any out-of-plane distortions, and the distance between gage points shall 

be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) with a bar-type trammel equipped with a dial 

gage. 

Following the pre-conditioned measurements, specimens shall be placed in a pressure 

cylinder, flooded with 18±6°C (65±10°F) tap water and subjected to a vacuum of 91±7 kPa 

(27±2 in. of mercury) for 1 hour (time shall not begin until full vacuum is achieved). Specimens 

shall then be subjected to 2 hours of pressure not to exceed 690 kPa (100 psi). After wet 

exposure, specimens shall be removed from the cylinder and remeasured for length. 

Expansion values shall be calculated as a percentage of the pre-conditioned (oven-dry or 

relative humidity) dimension, as given in the following equations: 

26 
 

 

7.9. 

7.9.1. 

7.9.2. 

7.9.3. 

Calculation: 

Procedure A (oven-dry) 

L - L w d Percent Change = ×100 

Ld 

where: Lw = dimension saturated 

Ld = dimension oven-dry 

Procedure B (relative humidity) 

L - L w 50% Percent Change = ×100 

L50% 

where: Lw = dimension saturated 

L50% = dimension equilibrated at 50% RH 

Linear expansion and thickness swell test measured after wetting one side 

General 

This performance test is designed to measure linear expansion and edge thickness swell. 

Specimen preparation 

Each 1,220 x 1,220 mm (48x 48 in.) specimen shall have only one cut edge; the remaining 

three being as prepared by the manufacturer. To serve as measuring points for linear 

expansion, brass eyelets shall be placed in four pre-bored holes on the centerline of each 

specimen axis, 25 mm (1 in.) in from each edge. This shall result in a nominal 1,170 mm (46 

in.) gage distance both along and across the panel strength axis. 

Additionally, points shall be marked on each uncut side of the specimen for thickness swell 

evaluation. Thickness shall be measured according to Section 7.12. 

Moisture content (oven-dry basis) shall be measured according to Section 7.11. prior to testing 

in a panel from the same lot. When the moisture content of the specimens exceeds 12%, the 

specimens shall be conditioned to constant weight at 20±3°C (68±6°F) and 65±5% relative 

humidity to achieve an equilibrium moisture content. Constant weight shall be assumed when 

consecutive readings taken at least 24 hours apart agree within 0.2%. 

Test procedure 

Linear expansion specimens shall be placed in a flattening jig to remove any out-of-plane 

distortions, and the distance between gage points shall be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm 

(0.001 in.) with a bar-type trammel equipped with a dial gage. Thickness shall be measured 

along the edge to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) with a micrometer, applying ratchet 

pressure during measuring. 

Following these as-received measurements, unrestrained specimens shall be mounted within 

30 degrees of vertical and shall be wetted on one side with water at 18±6°C (65±10°F). The 

period of continuous wetting shall be 14 days. No liquid water shall impinge on the back. The 

back shall be exposed to any humidity vapor present. All factory edges shall be exposed to 

water except the freshly-cut edge. The cut edge shall be the top edge, and protection with an 

edge sealer shall be permitted. After wet exposure, the specimens shall be remeasured. 

27 
 

 

7.10. 

7.10.1. 

7.10.2. 

7.10.3. 

7.11. 

7.11.1. 

7.11.2. 

7.11.3. 

Expansion values shall be calculated to express results as a percentage of the original 

dimension, as given in the equation: 

L - L w ar Percent Change = ×100 

Lar 

where: Lw = dimension saturated 

Lar = dimension as received (less than 12% MC) 

Linear and thickness expansion test measured by exposure to relative humidity 

General 

This method measures linear expansion in accordance with ASTM D-1037, Sections 108 to 

111, Linear Variation with Change in Moisture Content. 

Thickness expansion, where applicable, shall be measured as described in Sections 7.10.2 

and 7.10.3. 

Specimen preparation 

From each sample, two specimens shall be cut according to the procedures of ASTM D-1037, 

Sections 108 to 111. Test specimens shall be cut 75 mm wide by 1,040 mm long (3 x 41 in.). 

Shorter lengths shall be permitted, but specimens shall not be less than 300 mm (12 in.) long. 

To serve as measuring points for linear expansion, brass eyelets shall be placed in pre-bored 

holes on the centerline of each specimen, 25 mm (1 in.) in from each end. This shall result in a 

nominal 990 mm (39 in.) gage distance. 

Additionally, points shall be selected and marked on the centerline of the specimen 75 mm 

(3 in.) in from each end to serve as measuring points for thickness expansion. 

Test procedure 

The procedures of ASTM D-1037, Sections 108 to 111, shall be followed for linear expansion 

testing, except that specimens shall be placed in a flattening jig to remove any out-of-plane 

distortions, and the distance between gage points shall be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm 

(0.001 in.) with a bar-type trammel equipped with a dial gage. Thickness shall be measured to 

the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) with a micrometer, applying ratchet pressure during 

measuring. 

Expansion values shall be calculated to express results as a percentage of the 50% conditioned dimension, as given in the equation: 

L - L 90 50 Percent Change = ×100 

L50 

where: L90 = dimension equilibrated at 90% RH 

L50 = dimension equilibrated at 50% RH 

Panel moisture content determination 

General 

This procedure defines the method of determining panel moisture content by the oven-dry 

method according to the principles of ASTM D-4442, method B. 

Specimen preparation 

From each panel, a specimen shall be cut at least 50 mm (2 in.) from any edge. If the 

specimen size is less than 150 x 150 mm (6 x 6 in.), the entire specimen shall be used. 

Test procedure 

The specimen weight shall be obtained (±0.2%) and the specimen placed in a drying oven at 

103±2°C (217±4°F) until constant weight is achieved. Constant weight shall be assumed when 

consecutive readings taken at least two hours apart agree within 0.2%. 

28 
 

The moisture content shall be calculated as: 

⎡W - W w d 

Wd 

⎤ M ⎢ 100

⎣

= ⎥

⎦

where: 

M = Moisture content (percent) 

Ww = Initial weight (grams or similar units) 

Wd = Oven-dry weight (grams or similar units) 

7.12. Panel thickness determination 

7.12.1. General 

This method defines the procedure for determining panel thickness. 

7.12.2. Specimen preparation 

Panel condition at the time of measurement shall be noted. 

7.12.3. Measurement method 

Measurements shall be taken to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) using a micrometer with an 

anvil diameter of not less than 10 mm (0.40 in.) and not greater than 20 mm (0.79 in.). The 

micrometer shall apply a pressure of not less than 35 kPa (5 psi) or more than 69 kPa (10 psi) 

during measurement. For each panel, one thickness reading shall be taken mid-width on each 

panel edge such that the anvil does not touch the extreme edge. 

The panel thickness shall be the average of four readings. 

7.13. Probe test for delamination 

7.13.1. General 

This test procedure defines a method for the determination of delamination in composite 

panels. 

7.13.2. Equipment 

The probe used shall measure 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) wide at the tip by 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) thick and 

shall increase in thickness to about 0.64 mm (0.025 in.), 12 mm (1/2 in.) from the tip. The 6.4 

mm (1/4 in.) width shall increase to a width of 16 mm (5/8 in.) at 25 mm (1 in.) from the end. 

The probe shall be of any convenient length. The tip of the probe shall be squared off and not 

sharp so that when probing delaminations, fibers across the delaminated area will not be cut. 

7.13.3. Specimen preparation 

Five specimens shall be cut from each sample to 25 x 125 mm (1 x 5 in.) dimensions, avoiding 

knots, knotholes and other voids permitted in the grade, with grain of the outer plies in the long 

direction. Measurement of delamination shall take place prior to any mechanical test. 

7.13.4. Test procedure 

Delamination shall be evaluated according to the following procedure. The specimen shall be 

examined visually for delamination. Any separations in the specimen periphery in veneer-toveneer or veneer-to-wood-based material glueline shall be probed to determine depth of 

delamination. A separation that is 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) deep for a continuous length of 25 mm (1 

in.) shall be considered as having failed the test for delamination. Use of slight pressure is 

necessary when inserting the probe into the delaminated areas. The pressure shall be limited 

to that which is applied by gripping the probe between the thumb and first finger. In no case 

shall any prying action be used. 

The number of specimens failing this test shall be reported. 

7.14. Adhesive Mold test 

7.14.1. Equipment 

Cabinets shall be used to house test specimens under mold-producing conditions. Each 

cabinet shall be divided into three interconnecting compartments with adjustable specimen 

trays, each with a sealed door in the front. On each side of the trays, toweling shall be 

29 
suspended vertically with the lower ends in a water pan acting as wicking in order to provide 

maximum wet surface area. These pans shall rest on the floor of the mold cabinet under each 

compartment. The water level in these pans shall be kept 65 to 75 mm (2-1/2 to 3 in.) in depth. 

In order to maintain a uniform temperature within the mold cabinets, a walk-in housing shall 

surround the cabinets. The temperature within this housing shall be maintained at 27°C (80°F) 

with a 500-watt heater controlled by a thermostat. Fan-forced air circulation sufficient to avoid 

stratification shall be used to ensure even temperature in all areas of the housing. No air 

circulation shall occur within the mold cabinets, since mold growth is dependent upon still air. 

A uniform temperature shall be maintained in the housing around the cabinets. 

7.14.2. Specimen preparation 

Test specimens to be used for determination of mold resistance of the adhesive agent in the 

panel shall depend on the construction of the panels being tested. Plywood shall be tested by 

preparing plywood shear specimens as described in PS 1, kerfed to pull lathe checks closed 

for maximum breaking load. 

Test specimens for testing composite panels and mat-formed panels shall be 25 x 125 mm (1 x 

5 in.) in dimension. Composite panel specimens shall be cut with the veneer grain in the 125 

mm (5 in.) dimension. Mat-formed panels shall be cut with the 125 mm (5 in.) dimension 

parallel to the panel strength axis, except in the case of panels containing oriented furnish, in 

which case two complete sets of specimens as described below shall be prepared, one set 

parallel and one set perpendicular to the panel strength axis. 

The four panels to be mold tested shall be cut into 100 pairs of specimens (two sets of 100 

pairs each in the case of oriented furnish). These paired specimens (mold test specimen and 

adjacent control specimen) shall be completely randomized and assembled into 10 groups of 

20 specimens each for each direction tested (10 test specimens and 10 controls). The controls 

and test specimens for each group shall then be separated. 

7.14.3. Test procedure 

Prior to placing plywood specimens in the mold cabinet, they and their controls shall be 

stickered, given a five-second dip in tap water at room temperature, and then conditioned for 

one week at 95% (±2%) relative humidity and a temperature of 27°C (80°F) in a separate 

conditioning chamber. After one week, test and control specimens shall be removed. Test 

specimens shall be dusted with soybean flour and placed flat on green pine sapwood veneer 

strips that have been stored in the mold cabinet. A stack of these veneer strips and test 

specimens shall then be placed in the mold cabinet. The control specimens shall be allowed to 

dry at room conditions. 

At two-week intervals, the designated mold groupings shall be removed from the cabinet and 

allowed to dry at room conditions for one week. Test specimens and corresponding control 

specimens shall then be tested as required. Ten of these groups shall be sufficient to test 

mold-resistant properties of plywood products. 

Mold test specimens for composites and mat-formed products shall be subjected to the fivesecond dip in tap water and the one-week exposure at 95% (±2%) relative humidity and a 

temperature of 27°C (80°F) in a separate humidity chamber. 

Control test specimens from composites and mat-formed products shall be subjected to testing 

according to Section 7.16. At two-week intervals, composites and mat-formed products from 

the mold test and moisture-cycled control specimens shall be dried at room conditions for one 

week and then tested according to Section 7.7. 

7.15. Adhesive bacteria test 

7.15.1. General 

This method determines if an adhesive system possesses sufficient resistance to bacterial 

attack to retain bond integrity under conditions which promote bacterial growth. 

7.15.2. Specimen preparation 

Test specimen size shall depend on panel construction. Plywood panels shall use shear 

specimens described in PS 1, kerfed to pull lathe checks closed for maximum breaking load. 

Other panels shall use a specimen 25 x 125 mm (1 x 5 in.). Panels containing veneer shall be 

30 
cut with the 125 mm (5 in.) dimension parallel to the grain. The veneer shall be completely free 

of knots, knotholes and other voids permitted in the grade. 

Specimens from mat-formed panels shall be cut parallel to the panel strength axis, except for 

panels containing oriented furnish, in which case two complete sets of specimens shall be cut, 

one parallel and one perpendicular to the panel strength axis. 

Sufficient material is needed to provide 80 specimens per set as required. Specimens within 

each set shall be numbered consecutively 1 through 80 as cut, with odd-numbered specimens 

destined for bacteria exposure and the adjacent even-numbered specimens destined for 

control. Ten odd-numbered specimens and their matching 10 even-numbered specimens shall 

then comprise an exposure group and control for that group. Four such groups shall be made 

up from the 80 specimens for each direction tested. 

7.15.3. Test procedure 

Plywood specimens, including the controls, shall be subjected to one-half hour vacuum and 

one-half hour pressure under tap water following the cycle used in the PS 1 vacuum-pressure 

test for Exterior plywood. Control specimens shall then be tested as required in the wet 

condition. The breaking load shall be recorded and control averages shall be determined for 

each of the exposure groups. 

For composites and mat-formed products, all specimens shall be subjected to the vacuumsoak portion of the moisture cycle test of Section 7.16. Control specimens shall be dried 

according to the drying provisions of Section 7.16. and broken dry according to the procedures 

of Section 7.7., with the breaking load recorded and control averages determined for each of 

the exposure groups. 

All specimens designated for the bacteria exposure shall be floated flat in a slurry of soybean 

flour, water and alder sawdust consisting of 7% soybean flour, 83% water and 10% alder 

sawdust (sawdust at 18% moisture content). To this slurry shall be added 0.3% by weight of a 

50% solution of sodium hydroxide. The slurry shall be poured into trays, filling them to a depth 

of 25 mm (1 in.). (Note: Do not use copper trays.) These trays containing slurry and specimens shall then be placed into a cabinet described and maintained according to Section 7.14. 

One exposure group shall be removed from the cabinet every three weeks over the twelveweek period of the test. Plywood specimens shall be tested wet according to the standard 

plywood shear test method. Specimens of composite and mat-formed products shall be dried 

according to the drying cycle of Section 7.16. and broken according to Section 7.7. 

7.16. Moisture cycle test for bond performance (single cycle test) 

7.16.1. General 

This moisture cycle test is a quality control method to accelerate bond degradation. Following 

moisture cycling, a mechanical test is generally performed. 

7.16.2. Specimen preparation 

Specimen size and configuration shall depend upon the test to follow moisture cycling. 

31 
7.16.3. Test procedure 

The specimens shall be placed in racks to ensure free movement of water and air around the 

specimens. The specimens shall then be placed in a vacuum-pressure vessel which is then 

filled with 66°C (150°F) water. A vacuum of 50.6 kPa (15 in. of mercury) shall be drawn on the 

vessel for 30 minutes. The vacuum shall then be released and the specimens shall be allowed 

to soak in the water at atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes. The vessel shall then be drained 

and the specimens dried for at least 15 hours at 82°C (180°F) in an oven with fan-forced air 

circulation of 45 to 50 air changes per minute. The specimens shall then be tested dry 

according to the appropriate test method. 

7.17. Moisture cycle test for delamination and strength retention (six-cycle test) 

7.17.1. General 

This moisture cycle is used in evaluation of delamination and strength retention of products 

rated as Exposure 1. 

7.17.2. Specimen preparation 

Specimen size and configuration shall depend on the test to follow moisture cycling. 

7.17.3. Test procedure 

Specimens shall be placed in racks to ensure free movement of water and air around the 

specimens. The specimens shall then be placed in a vacuum-pressure vessel which is then 

filled with 66°C (150°F) water. A vacuum of 50.6 kPa (15 in.) of mercury shall be drawn on the 

vessel for 30 minutes. The vacuum shall then be released, and the specimens shall be 

allowed to soak in the water at atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes. They shall afterwards be 

removed and dried for 6 hours at 82°C (180°F) in an oven with fan-forced air circulation of 45 to 

50 air changes per minute. Specimens shall then be returned to the pressure vessel and the 

vacuum-soak cycle repeated. Following the second vacuum-soak cycle, specimens shall again 

be placed in the oven and dried for 15 hours. This shall complete two cycles. Testing shall be 

continued for two additional days until 6 cycles have been completed. The specimens are then 

tested dry according to the appropriate test method. 

7.18. Bond performance test for plywood with knots and knotholes 

7.18.1. General 

This is a moisture cycle and loading procedure for verifying resistance to deflection and 

damage under concentrated static and impact loads applied at the location of the maximum 

knot or knothole. The method is used to evaluate knots and knotholes greater than 51 mm (2 

in.) but not exceeding 76 mm (3 in.) in width measured across the grain of Exposure 1 plywood 

panels. 

7.18.2. Specimen preparation 

From ten 1,220 x 2,440 mm (48 x 96 in.) panels, a specimen at least 595 mm (23.5 in.) wide by 

twice the span in length shall be cut. The test specimen shall be configured such that the 

subject knot or knothole is along a mid-test-span line and at least 295 mm (11-5/8 in.) from 

either edge. The subject knot shall be the maximum size (+0, –12 mm [+0, –1/2 in.]) permitted 

within the grade. 

Each specimen shall be placed vertically in a tank and sprayed with water on both faces 

continuously for 72 hours. As an alternative to spraying, soaking panels continuously for 72 

hours shall be permitted provided the height of the water level above the panels does not 

exceed 600 mm (24 in.). Panels shall then be redried until constant weight is reached at 

20±3°C (68±6°F) and 65±3% relative humidity. 

32 
7.18.3. Test procedure 

Concentrated static load – Procedures of ASTM E-661 and Section 7.1. of PS 2 shall be 

followed except that: 

1. The specimen shall be placed in the test frame with the subject knot or knothole in the 

tension zone when a bending load is applied. 

2. The load shall be applied over the subject knot or knothole on the face opposite the knot or 

knothole. 

Concentrated impact load – Procedures of ASTM E-661 and Section 7.1. of PS 2 shall be 

followed, except that: 

1. The specimen shall be placed in the test frame with the subject knot or knothole in tension. 

2. The impact shot bag shall be dropped once from a height of 760 mm (30 in.). 

3. The shot bag shall be dropped over the subject knot or knothole on the face opposite the 

knot or knothole. 

7.19. Radial probe test 

7.19.1. General 

This method defines a procedure for determining delamination associated with knots and 

knotholes in plywood panels. 

7.19.2. Equipment 

The probe used shall measure 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) wide at the tip by 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) thick and 

shall increase in thickness to about 0.6 mm (0.025 in.), 12 mm (1/2 in.) from the tip. The 6.4 

mm (1/4 in.) width shall increase to a width of 16 mm (5/8 in.) at 25 mm (1 in.) from the tip. The 

probe is to be of any convenient length. The tip of the probe shall be squared off and not sharp 

so that when probing delaminations, fibers across the delaminated area will not be cut. In 

addition, the probe shall be fitted with a mechanism that is capable of limiting the force to the 

maximum level specified. 

7.19.3. Specimen preparation 

One knot or knothole per sample panel shall be selected. The knot or knothole selected shall 

be the maximum size (+0, –13 mm [+0, –1/2 in.]) permitted within the grade. Each specimen 

shall be cut 300 x 300 mm (12 x 12 in.) with the knot or knothole approximately centered. 

Specimens shall be moisture cycled and redried according to one of the following three cycles: 

1. The 72-hour water spray cycle specified in Section 7.18. After exposure, specimens shall 

be redried until constant weight is reached at 20±3°C (68±6°F) and 65±3% relative 

humidity. 

2. The 72-hour water soak cycle specified in Section 7.18. (as an alternative to the 72-hour 

water spray cycle). After exposure, specimens shall be redried until constant weight 

(weight change ≤ 0.2% within 2 hours) is reached at 20±3°C (68±6°F) and 65±3% relative 

humidity. 

3. Specimens shall be placed in a pressure cylinder, flooded with water at 49±6°C (120 

±10°F) and subjected to a vacuum of 91±7 kPa (27±2 in. of mercury) for 3 hours. 

Specimens shall then be subjected to 3 hours of pressure not to exceed 414 kPa (60 psi). 

This shall be followed by a second vacuum exposure of 91±7 kPa (27±2 in. of mercury) for 

2 hours. After exposure, the specimens shall be redried until constant weight (weight 

change ≤ 0.2% within 2 hours) is reached at 20±3°C (68±6°F) and 65±3% relative humidity. 

33 
 

7.19.4. Test procedure 

Each specimen shall be cut into 8 sectors with radii intersecting at center of knot or knothole. 

The area surrounding the knot or knothole shall be visually inspected for delamination. Where 

separations are visible, the probe shall be inserted with a force of 35.5±4.5 N (8±1 lbf). No 

prying action or lateral movement shall be applied. 

For each sector, the radial distance from the tip of the sector to the boundary of separation 

beyond the knot or knothole shall be measured along both edges of the sector and recorded. 

Where a separation is not found, the distance from the tip of the sector to the boundary of the 

knot or knothole shall be measured and recorded. 

The total area of separation for each specimen shall be calculated as: 

A = π R2 

where: A = total area of separation (mm2

 or in2) 

R = average radius of separation, calculated as the average of 16 distances 

(measured at edges of sectors) from the tips of the sectors to either the 

boundary of separation or the boundary of the knot or knothole (mm or 

in). 

7.20. Dead weight stiffness capacity (EI) test (non-mandatory) 

7.20.1. General 

This procedure provides an estimate of full panel stiffness capacity. Dead weight stiffness is 

not a requirement. 

7.20.2. Equipment 

Sawhorses may be used for support, but the metal frame shown in Figure 6 is recommended. 

The supports shall be at least 1,220 mm (48 in.) wide, fixed to the floor or weighted, level and 

parallel to each other. The deflection gauge shall have a range of 0 to 50 mm (0 to 2 in.) and 

be graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) increments. Loading bars shall be 1,220 mm (48 in.) 

long and 25 to 38 mm (1 to 1.5 in.) wide. Mass of the bars shall be recorded to the nearest 45 

g (0.1 lb) and are typically in the range of 2.27, 4.54, 9.08, and 18.14 kg (4, 10, 20 and 40 lb). 

Figure 6. Steel Test Frame for Dead Weight Stiffness Test 

34 
7.20.3. Specimen preparation 

The number of samples will be prescribed by the certification agency. When measuring 

stiffness parallel to the strength axis, 1,220 x 2,440 mm (48 x 96 in.) panels shall be tested. 

Other lengths are allowable when measuring stiffness perpendicular to the strength axis. It 

may be useful to mark lines across the panel back at 1,220 mm (4 ft) width at 150 mm (6 in.) 

from either end and across the panel top at mid-length (Figure 7). On the bottom side, also 

mark an "X" at the panel's center. 

Figure 7. Panel Alignment Marks 

On the reverse side of the panel, mark an "X" at the panel's center: 

7.20.4. Test procedure 

The typical span for testing the 2,400 mm (96 in.) axis shall be 2,135 mm (84 in.) and 915 mm 

(36 in.) for the 1,220 mm (48 in.) axis. Place the panel on top of the supports and align it so the 

ends are parallel to the supports, with equal length of panel overhanging each support. The 

lines drawn on the panel should be useful for alignment. Place the surface up, in accordance 

with the manufacturer's use recommendations. The deflection gauge should be placed under 

the panel in an adjustable fixture, perpendicular to the panel and with the tip of the gauge 

directly under the "x" (see Section 7.20.3.). 

35 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Place load bars at mid-span, parallel to the supports. Preloads are applied first to settle the 

panel, removing the possible effects of warp, and should result in complete contact of the panel 

across the support. Discard excessively warped panels. Preloads of 4.54 kg (10 lb) are 

recommended for 9 to 11 mm (3/8 to 7/16 in.) thick panels and 9.08 kg (20 lb) for panels 

thicker than 11 mm (15/32 in.). 

Record the deflections to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). In order to obtain accurate 

stiffness capacity, the difference between the preload and the final load deflections should be 

in the range of 6.4 to 8.9 mm (0.25 to 0.35 in.) for panels 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) thick or less. 

Panels greater than 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) should have sufficient weight to result in 5 mm (0.2 in.) 

deflection and may be cut to 610 mm (24 in.) width to accommodate deflection requirements. 

Table 8. Typical pre-loads and test loads 

Panel Thickness Pre-load Test Load 

Test Span 

Along 

Strength Axis 

Across 

Strength Axis 

mm in. N lb N lb mm in. mm in. 

9.5, 11 3/8, 7/16 4.54 10 4.54 10 2,135 84 915 36 

12 - 16 15/32 – 5/8 9.08 20 9.08 20 2,135 84 915 36 

18 – 22 23/32 – 7/8 9.08 20 18.16 40 2,135 84 915 36 

Greater 

than 22 

Greater 

than 7/8 

9.08 20 * * 2,135 84 915 36 

*If larger weights are not available and deflection is less than recommended, it may be 

 appropriate to reduce the panel width (e.g., from 1,220 mm [48 in.] to 610 mm [24 in.]) 

Two people should always be involved because of the need for immediate deflection readings 

after applying the preload and final load. The gauge shall be read immediately after application 

of the preload bar. Apply additional load(s) after reading the preload deflection. Record the 

second deflection reading immediately after applying the final load bar. 

The general equation for calculating dead weight stiffness is: 

(P2 - P1 ) × l 3
 

EI = K × b × (D2 - D1 ) 

where: EI = Panel stiffness, N-mm2

/mm (lbf-in2/ft) 

P1 = Pre-load, N (lbf) 

P2 = Total load, N (lbf) 

6 = Span, mm (in.) 

b = Width, mm (in.) 

D1 = Deflection after preload, mm (in.) 

D2 = Deflection after final load, mm (in.) 

K = Constant (48 when b is measured in mm, 

4 when b is measured in inches) 

8. TRADEMARKING AND CERTIFICATION 

8.1. Certification 

Panels represented as conforming to this Standard shall bear the stamp of a qualified 

inspection and testing agency which (1) inspects the manufacture (with adequate sampling, 

testing and examination for quality) or (2) has tested a randomized sampling of the finished 

panels in the shipment being certified for conformance with this Standard. 

8.2. Qualified inspection and testing agency 

A qualified inspection and testing agency is defined to be one that: 

36
 
(a) has the facilities and trained technical personnel to verify that the grading, measuring, 

species, construction, sanding, bonding, workmanship, and other characteristics of the 

products as determined by inspection, sampling and testing conform to all of the applicable 

requirements specified herein; 

(b) has developed procedures to be followed by agency personnel in performance of 

inspection and testing; 

(c) has no financial interest in, or is not financially dependent upon, any single company 

manufacturing the product being inspected or tested; and 

(d) is not owned, operated or controlled by any such company. 

8.3. Panel marking 

All Sheathing, Structural I Sheathing and Single Floor panels represented as conforming to this 

Standard shall be identified with a mark bearing the grade name appropriate under these 

specifications, and a mark of a qualified inspection and testing agency. If identified by such a 

mark, the product specification shall be available from the qualified inspection and testing 

agency whose mark appears on the panel. The manufactured nominal thickness, span rating, 

bond classification and the symbol PS 2-04 signifying conformance to this Standard shall be 

included in the trademark. Any supplemental application specifications of the manufacturer 

shall be clearly marked on each panel. Mat-formed panels with oriented furnish shall be 

marked to show the direction of the strength axis. The trademark shall include the minimum 

nominal fractional thickness rounded up to the nearest 1/32 in. Metric units are not included 

because conversions for assigning nominal thickness do not equate to metric units. 

8.3.1. Voiding marks 

Panels originally marked as conforming to this Standard but subsequently rejected as not 

conforming thereto shall have any reference to the Standard obliterated or voided by the 

manufacturer as follows: 

Shop panels shall be plainly identified by means of a 100 x 125 mm (4 x 5 in.) minimum size 

mark carrying the legend, “Shop-cutting panel – all other [agency] marks void.” (See definition 

of shop-cutting panel.) 

No reference shall be made to this Standard in the certification or trademarking of panels not 

conforming to all of the applicable provisions of this Standard. 

9. EFFECTIVE DATE AND IDENTIFICATION 

This Standard became effective on approval August 27, 1992, and was revised and approved 

May 20, 2004. As of that date, reference to this Standard is permitted in contracts, codes, 

advertising, invoices, product labels, and the like; however, a product shall not be advertised 

nor represented in any manner that in any way might imply approval or endorsement of that 

product by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and/or the U.S. Department of 

Commerce. 

The following suggested statements are permitted in representing products as conforming to 

the requirements of this Standard: 

• “This [e.g, panel, shipment] conforms to all requirements established in Voluntary Product 

Standard PS 2-04, ‘Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels,’ in 

accordance with the U.S. Department of Commerce Procedures for the Development of 

Voluntary Product Standards. Full responsibility for the conformance of this product to the 

Standard is assumed by (name and address of producer and/or distributor).” 

•	 “Conforms to Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-04, (name and address of producer and/or 

distributor).” 

10. HISTORY OF PROJECT 

In September 1988, a special Bi-national Committee (BNC) was formed and charged with the 

task of fostering the mutual objective of the United States and Canada with respect to the 

development and implementation of harmonized standards with regard to performance 

requirements for plywood. This action was a consequence of the implementation of the Free 

Trade Agreement (FTA) of 1987. In accordance with the Agreement, U.S. tariffs on plywood 

37 
 

and other structural panels could not be removed until the trade issues involving plywood 

standards were resolved. Of concern to the United States was the fact that certain grades of 

plywood permitted in PS 1 were not covered in Canadian plywood standards; and, consequently, not acceptable under Canadian building codes. 

The BNC began its task by reviewing the existing industry standard APA – The Engineered 

Wood Association (APA), APA PRP-108, Performance Standards and Policies for StructuralUse Panels, and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard CAN/CSA-O325, 

Construction Sheathing, to identify the technical differences and to consider the roles the 

standards might play in resolving the plywood trade issues. It concluded that the development 

of common criteria embodied in performance-based national standards offered means to 

resolve the trade issue. 

Next, the BNC sponsored a joint U.S./Canadian study designed to produce additional 

comparative information on U.S. and Canadian plywood. Based on BNC’s assessment of the 

technical differences in the APA and CSA standards and the data derived from the joint study, 

the BNC in November 1990 submitted new U.S. and Canadian draft standards, respectively, to 

the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States and the CSA in 

Canada for processing as national consensus standards. 

In March 1991, APA signed an agreement with NIST to support development of the proposed 

U.S. performance standard as a Voluntary Product Standard (VPS) under procedures of the 

U.S. Department of Commerce. In April 1991, NIST established a Standard Review Committee 

under the VPS Program to assume responsibility for development of the U.S. standard. On 

October 15, 1991, after two 30-day review periods and some editorial changes, the Committee 

recommended unanimously that the proposed standard be prepared for public review and 

acceptance as a Voluntary Product Standard. 

In March 1992, the proposed VPS standard was distributed to a list of manufacturers, distributors, consumers and others who might have interest in the subject standard, and on April 8, 

1992, NIST announced in the Federal Register the public circulation of the proposed standard 

and invited public comments. A 75-day comment period was allowed. Following public review 

of the standard, which ended June 22, 1992, NIST determined that the responses indicated 

consensus among producers, distributors and consumers in accordance with the published 

procedures. The standard was originally approved for publication by NIST as Voluntary 

Product Standard PS 2-92, Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels, on 

August 27, 1992. 

The new U.S. standard was not intended to replace existing standards such as Voluntary 

Product Standard PS 1-83, Construction and Industrial Plywood, but to serve as an alternative 

performance-based standard that would relate to a variety of forms of structural panels: 

plywood, oriented strand board, waferboard, structural particleboard, and composite panels. 

11. STANDING COMMITTEE 

A Standing Committee has been appointed to assist in keeping this Standard current. The 

names of the members of the Committee are available from the Secretariat for this Committee: 

the Standards Services Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau 

Drive, MS 2150, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-2150, web site: ts.nist.gov/sccg. 

Issues regarding interpretation or implementation of the Standard and third-party quality 

assurance policies and procedures shall be considered by a Standard Implementation Review 

Subcommittee as appointed by the Standing Committee. A request to consider such issues 

shall be made in writing to the Secretariat of the Standing Committee (NIST), who will bring it to 

the attention of the Standing Committee. Formal operating procedures developed for the 

Subcommittee shall be subject to approval by NIST. Any recommended actions by the 

Subcommittee will be reported to the Standing Committee for their consideration and action. 

38 
 

APPENDIX A 

A1. SHIPMENT REINSPECTION PRACTICES 

A1.1 General 

This information is based on industry practice and is offered to structural-use panel purchasers. 

A1.2 Request for reinspection 

Any request by the buyer for the reinspection of any item or lot of panels certified as 

conforming to this Standard shall be directed to the seller. Lacking agreement of the buyer and 

seller as to the settlement of a complaint, the purchase, sale or shipment of panels certified as 

conforming to this Standard shall be construed as involving agreement to submit such panels 

to reinspection by the qualified inspection and testing agency whose trademark was used. 

A1.3 Responsibility of the buyer 

A request to the seller for reinspection is permitted: 

a) for panel grade – within 30 days7

 after arrival at the first point of receipt from the mill, if the 

grade of any item, as invoiced, is in doubt; 

b) for glue bond quality of Exterior panels – when delamination is visibly evident; 

c) for bond quality and bond performance associated with knots and knotholes of Exposure 1 

panels – within 6 months after arrival at first point of receipt from the mill, if delamination is 

visibly evident; 

d) for structural performance, such as resistance to concentrated loads on panels – within 6 

months after arrival at first point of receipt from the mill; 

e) for physical properties, such as linear expansion of panels – within 6 months after arrival at 

first point of receipt from the mill. 

All panels of disputed grade shall be kept intact and properly protected from damage, 

deterioration and from direct exposure to moisture which could interfere with a fair reinspection. 

All panels of disputed quality shall be held for a period not to exceed 30 days after the date of 

request for reinspection. Use by the buyer of any or all of the disputed stock within the 30-day 

period shall constitute an acceptance of the used portion. 

A1.4 Responsibility of the seller 

A request for reinspection shall be promptly acknowledged by the seller following its receipt. 

A1.5 Cost and assistance 

The expense of reinspection shall be borne by the seller if the item, lot or shipment in dispute 

fails to pass the reinspection as provided for in A1.6. If the panels pass the reinspection, said 

expenses shall be borne by the buyer. The buyer shall lend all reasonable assistance to 

facilitate the reinspection. 

A1.6 Reinspection procedures and settlement 

A1.6.1 Condition of panels 

All panels designated as complying with this Standard shall be subject to reinspection in the 

as-manufactured condition only. This requirement does not apply to reinspections for bond 

quality. 

7

 For unitized shipments, the 30-day limit shall be extended to include the period dating from receipt of shipment to breaking of the 

first bundle, but not exceeding 6 months, provided the requirement for keeping the disputed panels intact is observed and the 

panels in question are held for at least 30 days following the request for reinspection. 

39 
A1.6.2 Sampling for panel grade, size and thickness reinspections 

At buyer’s or seller’s option, grade, size and thickness reinspections may include all panels of 

an item whose conformance to this Standard is in dispute. However, buyer and seller may 

agree upon a reduced basis for sampling provided at least 20% or 300 panels, whichever is 

smaller and which represents only those items as invoiced which are in dispute, are reinspected for conformance. For reduced sampling, the quantity of panels selected from each 

disputed item shall be prorated according to the number of panels included in each item as 

invoiced. Panels found to be below grade or out of tolerance for size and thickness shall have 

improper trademarks obliterated and shall be re-marked with appropriate designation with a 

special inspection mark registered by the qualified agency conducting the reinspection and 

applied by that agency’s authorized representative. 

A1.6.3 Panel grade, size and thickness reinspections 

If reinspection establishes that a disputed item is more than 5% below grade or out of 

dimensional tolerance for the product description as invoiced, that item fails to pass the 

reinspection. The nonconforming panels need not be accepted; however, all other panels shall 

be accepted as invoiced. If reinspection establishes that a disputed item is 5% or less below 

grade or out of dimensional tolerance, it passes the reinspection and the buyer shall pay for 

that item as invoiced. In addition to the above 5% grade and dimensional tolerance, a 5% 

tolerance shall apply separately to the inner ply gap limitations, including the limitations 

applicable to plugged crossbands and jointed crossbands, as set forth in PS 1. 

A1.6.4 Sampling for bond quality, bond performance associated with knots and knotholes, 

structural performance or physical properties reinspections 

For test purposes, 20 panels, or 5% of the panels, whichever is less, shall be selected at 

random from the item, lot or shipment which is in dispute. The number of panels required shall 

be calculated by applying the “percent panels” to the lot size and converting part panels to 

whole panels by using a rounding procedure where 0.01 to 0.49 parts are considered to be the 

smaller whole number, while 0.50 to 0.99 parts are considered to be the larger whole number. 

These panels shall be selected from locations distributed as widely as practicable throughout 

the material being sampled. When an item, lot or shipment involves panels with different bond 

requirements, testing and evaluation shall apply separately to each category. 

A1.6.5 Bond quality reinspections 

Reinspection of the unused panels in the disputed item, lot or shipment shall be carried out 

following the procedures set forth in Sections 7. and A1.6.4 above. If the reinspection tests 

establish that the glue bond quality does not meet the requirements of Section 6.2.4. as 

applicable, the item, lot or shipment fails to pass the reinspection and may be rejected by the 

buyer. If the glue bond quality requirements are met, the item, lot or shipment passes the 

reinspection, and the buyer shall accept the item, lot or shipment as invoiced, except that the 

buyer need not accept any delaminated Exterior panels. 

A1.6.6 Reinspection for bond performance associated with knots and knotholes 

Unless otherwise agreed upon between buyer and seller, reinspections for bond performance 

associated with knots and knotholes shall be limited to knots and knotholes greater than 50 

mm (2 in.) but not exceeding 76 mm (3 in.) in width measured across the grain. Knots and 

knotholes within this range shall be reinspected according to Sections 7.18. and 7.19. If the 

panels were not exposed to weather prior to reinspection sampling, they shall be moisture 

conditioned according to the cycle specified in Sections 7.18. and 7.19. prior to reinspection. 

If reinspection tests establish that the bond performance associated with knots and knotholes 

requirements are not met, the item, lot or shipment fails to pass the reinspection and may be 

rejected by the buyer. If the reinspection requirements are met, the item, lot or shipment 

passes the reinspection and the buyer must accept the item, lot or shipment as invoiced. 

40 
A1.6.7 Structural performance reinspections 

Unless otherwise agreed upon between buyer and seller, structural performance reinspections 

are limited to concentrated loads (Section 5.3.1.1.). If the buyer and seller agree to additional 

tests, a larger number of panels than those given in Section A1.6.4 may be needed. If the 

reinspection tests establish that the concentrated load requirements are not met, the item, lot or 

shipment fails to pass the reinspection and may be rejected by the buyer. If the concentrated 

load requirements are met, the item, lot or shipment passes the reinspection and the buyer 

must accept the item, lot or shipment as invoiced. 

A1.6.8 Physical property reinspections 

Unless otherwise agreed upon between buyer and seller, physical property reinspections shall 

be limited to linear expansion (Section 5.3.2.1.). If the reinspection tests establish that the 

linear expansion requirements are not met, the item, lot or shipment fails to pass the 

reinspection and may be rejected by the buyer. If the linear expansion requirements are met, 

the item, lot or shipment passes the reinspection and the buyer must accept the item, lot or 

shipment as invoiced. 

41 
APPENDIX A 

Reinspection Flow Chart 

PRIOR AGREEMENT 

BETWEEN BUYER & 

SELLER? 

YES 

NO 

REVISED TEST
 

PLAN
 

CONCENTRATED
 

LOAD TESTS PER
 

SECTION 5.3.1.1
 

DETERMINE NEED 

FOR 

ADDITIONAL PANELS 

(SEE A1.6.4) 

CONCENTRATED LOAD
 

TESTS PER
 

SECTION 5.3.1.1, PLUS
 

ADDITIONAL TESTING
 

TESTS MEET 

CONCENTRATED LOAD 

REQUIREMENTS? 

YES 

NO 

CONCENTRATED LOAD 

AND OTHER 

REQUIREMENTS MET? 

YES 

NO 

REINSPECTION PASSES,
 

BUYER MUST ACCEPT
 

LOT
 

BUYER MAY REJECT LOT 

42 
 

APPENDIX B 

PS 2 Qualification Flow Chart 

PERFORMANCE-RATED PANEL QUALIFICATION
 

FOR
 

ROOF, SUBFLOOR, SINGLE FLOOR AND WALL APPLICATIONS
 

RANDOMLY SELECTED
 

QUALIFICATION SAMPLE
 

QUALIFICATION TESTING 

STRUCTURAL TESTS 

• Uniform Load 

• Concentrated Load 

- Static 

- Impact 

• Nail Holding 

• Racking Shear 

 PRODUCT PROPERTIES 

• Dimensional Stability 

• Small Bending 

• Bond Performance 

PERFORMANCE 

CRITERIA 

SATISFIED? 

NO 

RANDOMLY
 

SELECT
 

REQUALIFICATION
 

SAMPLE

YES SPAN RATING 

CERTIFICATION

 OF

MILL SPECIFICATION
 

DEVELOPMENT FOR
 

ONGOING QUALITY
 

ASSURANCE
 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 

• Panel Flexure 

- Stiffness 

- Strength 

PANEL PROPERTIES 

• Grade 

• Thickness 

PRODUCT PROPERTIES 

• Linear Expansion 

• Small Bending 

• Bond Performance 

• Wood Failure (plywood) 

MILL SPECIFICATION
 

QUALITY ASSURANCE
 

VALUES ASSIGNED
 

MILL STAFF 

ACCEPTANCE? 

YES 

MILL QUALITY PROCEDURES
 

&
 

AGENCY ROUTINE
 

QUALITY ASSURANCE
 

NO 

Q:\QSD\PS2Rev\PS2flowchart.vsd 

43