15-1557 

Fanning v. National Grid/Keyspan

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN 

ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 

2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 

New York, on the 20th 3 day of May, two thousand sixteen. 

4 

5 PRESENT: 

6 DENNIS JACOBS,

7 BARRINGTON D. PARKER, 

8 REENA RAGGI,

9 Circuit Judges. 

10 _____________________________________ 

11 

12 Francis P. Fanning, 

13 

14 Plaintiff-Appellant, 

15 

16 v. 15-1557 

17 

18 

19 National Grid/Keyspan, 

20 

21 Defendant-Appellee. 

22 

23 _____________________________________ 

24 

25 FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: Francis P. Fanning, pro se, Larchmont, NY. 

26 

27 FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLEE: Justin F. Capuano (with James G. Ryan, on 

28 the brief), Cullen and Dykman LLP, Garden 

29 City, NY. 
2 

1 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New 

2 York (Kuntz, J.; Bloom, M.J.). 

3 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

4 DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

5 Appellant Francis P. Fanning, pro se, appeals from a judgment in favor of KeySpan 

6 Corporation (“Keyspan”), a wholly owned subsidiary of National Grid USA, in his suit under the 

7 Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b) et seq. We assume the parties’ 

8 familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal. 

9 We review de novo a district court’s dismissal of a complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of 

10 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), “construing the complaint liberally, accepting all factual allegations in 

11 the complaint as true, and drawing all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor.” Leibowitz v. 

12 Cornell Univ., 445 F.3d 586, 590 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). A plaintiff 

13 must allege sufficient facts to state a claim to relief that is “plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. 

14 v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). 

15 In this Circuit, pro se complaints should not be dismissed by the district court without 

16 granting leave to amend at least once when a liberal reading of the complaint gives “any 

17 indication” that a valid claim might be stated. Shomo v. City of New York, 579 F.3d 176, 183 (2d 

18 Cir. 2009) (citation omitted). However, a district court need not grant leave to amend if 

19 amendment would be “futile.” See, e.g., Cuoco v. Moritsugu, 222 F.3d 99, 112 (2d Cir. 2000). 

20 We review a district court’s denial of leave to amend for abuse of discretion, unless “the denial of 

21 leave to amend is based on a legal interpretation, such as a determination that amendment would be 
3 

1 futile,” in which case we review the denial de novo. Smith v. Hogan, 794 F.3d 249, 253 (2d Cir. 

2 2015). 

3 The district court properly dismissed Fanning’s FTCA claims. The FTCA does not create 

4 a cause of action against private entities; it simply waives the federal government’s sovereign 

5 immunity for torts committed by its employees in circumstances in which a private individual 

6 would be liable. United States v. Olson, 546 U.S. 43, 44 (2005); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1). 

7 Moreover, the allegedly fraudulent activity that formed the nucleus of Fanning’s complaint 

8 happened between 1998 and 2005, well beyond the FTCA’s two-year statute of limitations for 

9 filing an administrative claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b).

10 The district court denied Fanning’s motion for leave to amend. Under Federal Rule of 

11 Civil Procedure 15(a)(1)(A), a “party may amend its pleading once as a matter of course within . . . 

12 21 days after serving it.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1)(A). Since Fanning moved for leave to amend 

13 on June 25, 2014, within 21 days of having served KeySpan on June 5, 2014, Fanning was 

14 “entitled to amend [his] complaint as a matter of right without leave of the district court.” See In 

15 re Agent Orange Prod. Liab. Litig., 517 F.3d 76, 103 (2d Cir. 2008). Any error, however, was 

16 harmless because any claims Fanning could have brought under the Employee Retirement Income 

17 Security Act (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. §§ 1001 et seq., or Sarbanes-Oxley, 15 U.S.C. §§ 7201 et seq., 

18 (or under the Securities Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78a et seq., for enforcement of 

19 Sarbanes-Oxley’s disclosure requirements) would have been barred by the statutes of limitations. 

20 See 29 U.S.C. § 1113 (six-year statute of limitations from the time of discovery of ERISA breach 

21 of fiduciary duty involving “fraud or concealment”); 28 U.S.C. § 1658(b) (two-year statute of 

22 limitations from the time of discovery of “fraud, deceit, manipulation, or contrivance in 
4 

1 contravention of a regulatory requirement concerning the securities laws”); LC Capital Partners, 

2 LP v. Frontier Ins. Group, Inc., 318 F.3d 148, 154 (2d Cir. 2003) (observing that 

3 pre-Sarbanes-Oxley statute of limitations was one year after discovery of facts constituting the 

4 violation); see also 15 U.S.C. § 7202(b)(1) (violations of Sarbanes-Oxley treated the same as 

5 violations of Securities Exchange Act). None of the allegedly fraudulent transactions of which 

6 Fanning complains occurred after 2005. Moreover, he alleges that he knew of the allegedly 

7 fraudulent activity as early as 2002, when he was forced into retirement for confronting KeySpan 

8 officials about it. 

9 We have considered Fanning’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. 

10 Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s judgment. 

11 FOR THE COURT: 

12 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk