COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Frank and Petty

JASMINE LANEES HALEY MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1268

- 12

- 3 JUDGE WILLIAM G. PETTY JUNE 11, 2013 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF DANVILL E Joseph W. Milam, Jr. , Judge ( Jason S. Eisner; Office of the Public Defender , on brief) , for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief. ( Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General; Leah A. Darron, Se nior Assistant Attorney General, on brief) , for a ppellee. Appellee submitting on brief.
Jasmine Lanees Haley (appellant) was convicted of fraudulently converting rental property, in violation of Code § 18.2

- 118. On appeal, appellant argues that the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence t o convict her of this offense because she contends that the evidence affirmatively established that she was not involved in the conversion of the rental property

. 1 We disagree with this argument , and we affirm appellant’s conviction.
I. Because the part ies are fully conversant with th e record in this case and this memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, we rec ite below only those facts and incidents of the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ under standing of the disposition of this app eal. “On

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1

- 413, this opi nion is not designated for publication.

1 Appellant does not contend that the evidence failed to establish the requite intent to defraud, so we need not address that element of the offense.UNPUBLISHED- 2

- appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth , 26 Va. App. 1, 11, 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Comm onwealth , 4 Va. App. 438, 443, 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)). When considering the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, “a reviewing court does not ‘ask itself whether it believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. ’” Crowder v. Commonwealth , 41 Va. App. 658, 663, 588 S.E.2d 384, 387 (2003) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia , 443 U.S. 307, 318

- 19 (1979)). “W e must instead ask whether ‘ any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id. (quoting Kelly v. Commonwealth , 41 Va. App. 250, 257, 584 S.E.2d 444, 447 (2003) ( en banc )).
II. Code § 18.2

- 118, under which appellant was convicted, states in pertinent part: (a) Whenever any person is in possession or control o f any personal property, by virtue of or subject to a written lease of such property, except property described in § 18.2

- 117, and such person so in possession or control shall, with intent to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of the property for his own use , or fraudulently remove the same from the Commonwealth without the written consent of the lessor thereof, or fail to return such property to the lessor thereof within ten days after expiration of the lease or rental period for such property stated in such written lease, he shall be deemed guilty of the larceny thereof

. (Emphasis added). Appellant contends there is insufficient evidence that she violated Code § 18.2

- 118(a) 2 because the property at issue was not sold or disposed of through an act of her

2 Although the trial court’s sentencing order states that appell ant was convicted of violating Code § 18.2

- 118, t he parties agree that only sub section (a) of Code § 18.2

- 11 8 is applicable here

. S ubs ection (b) is not applicable because it addresses situations in which a defendant fails to return rental property after w ritten notice has been given. Here, Ramona Lyon’ s certified letter was returned unclaimed and apparently was not sent to appellant’s address specified on the lease. Thus, this Court only addresses Code § 18.2

- 118(a).- 3

- own . Appellant also argues that there is no connection between appellant and the third party who sold the property

. However, ample circumstantial evidence proves that appellant fraudulently disposed of the property for purposes of Code § 18.2

- 118(a)

. “Circumstantial evidence . . . is evidence of facts or circumstances not in issue from which facts or circumstances in issue may be inferred.” Byers v. Commonwealth , 23 Va. App. 146, 151, 474 S.E.2d 852, 854 (1996) ( internal quotati on marks and citation deleted ).

‘“ Circumstantial evidence [presented during the course of the trial] is as competent and is entitled to as much weight as direct evidence, provided it is sufficiently convincing to exclude every reasonable hy pothesis except that of guilt.’” Salcedo v. Commonwealth , 58 Va. App. 525, 535, 712 S.E.2d 8, 12 (2011) (quoting Holloway v. Commonwealth , 57 Va. App. 658, 665, 705 S.E.2d 510, 513 (2011) ( en banc )). On October 7, 2011, appellant entered into a rental agreement with Col ortyme Rent to Own in Danv ille for a 42

- inch flat screen television. The television cost $1,039.47, and appellant made the initial payment of $19.99 upon delivery to her apartment. She did not make any of the remaining payments. When appellant did not m ake her next payment, which was due on October 13, 2011, store manager Ramona Lyon contacted appellant by phone . Appellant stated to Lyon that she “had a party, the television had got broken and she threw it away.” Given that t he trial court found that t his statement by appellant was false, the trial judge was entitled to infer, as it did, that this false statement was probative to show appellant was trying to conceal her guilt, and thus wa s evidence of her guilt. See Black v. Commonwealth , 222 Va. 838, 842, 284 S.E.2d 608, 610 ( 1981) (“ T he fact finder need not believe the accused ’ s explanation and may infer that he is trying to conceal his guilt.” ). Contrary to appellant’s initial explanation to Lyon , the record shows that t he television

was sold for $30 0 at Riverside Pawn Company by a third party on November 25, 2011

. After- 4

- Lyon discovered the television had been sold at a pawnshop , she confronted appellant on December 5, 2011 . I nstead of offering an explanation consistent with her earlier statement,

a ppellant admitted she was responsible for the rental of the television , but stated she was not going to pay for it. Appellant said that she “wasn’t taking the blame for the T.V.” and told Lyon “just to do what we needed to do.” Based on this r ecord, appel lant “dispose[d] of the property for [her] own use” for purposes of Code § 18.2

- 118(a). T he television was in her custody, and it was later sold at a pawnshop

. Thus, she must have, in some fashion, disposed of the television

. It is irrelevant that she w as not the person who later sold the television at the pawnshop , especially given the credibility finding by the trial court that appellant’s initial explanation that the television was broken and that she had thrown it away was false

. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, appellant “dispose[d] of the property for [her] own use” under Code § 18.2

- 118(a) because, as the tri al court reasonably concluded, appellant was complicit in the delivery of the television to the individua l who ultimately sold it

. Furthermore, Code § 18.2

- 18 provides , in pertinent part, “[i]n the case of every felony, every principal in the second degree and every accessory before the fact may be indicted, tried, convicted, and punished in all respects as if a principal in the first degree.” “An accessory has been defined as ‘one not present at the commission of the offense, but who is in some way concerned therein, either before or after, as contriver, instigator or advisor, or as a receiver or protector of the perpetrator.’” Tolley v. Comonwealth , 216 Va. 341, 348, 218 S.E.2d 550, 555 (1975) (quoting Foster v. Commonwealth , 179 Va. 96, 99, 18 S.E.2d 314, 315 (1942)). Here, appellant’s initial explanation to Lyon that she had thrown away the television,

w hich the trial court found was false, served to aid the person who later sold the television at the- 5

- pawnshop

. Appellant’s false statement hindered Colortyme Rent to Own from locating the television and preventing its sale at the pawnshop

. The trial court reasonably in ferred appellant was complicit in the sale of the television to the pawnshop

. Therefore, appellant wa s equally liable as the third party who sold the television

. See Code § 18.2

- 18. In summary, a rational fact finder could conclude that app ellant disposed of the television and was complicit i n its conversion . Appellant entered into a rental agreement for the television, only made the initial payment on the day she took possession, and never made another payment. She falsely said that the t elevision was broken and that she had thrown it away , when the television was instead pawned for $300. Appellant later acknowledged her earlier false statement, acknowledged her responsibility for the rental of the television , and said she would not pay t he rental company back. Thus, appellant was “in possession or control . . . with intent to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of the property for [her] own use ” such that she “shall be deemed guilty of the larceny thereof.” Code § 18.2

- 118 (a)

. Accordingly, a rational fact finder could have convicted appellant under Code § 18.2

- 118 (a)

. III. For th e foregoing reasons, we affirm appellant’s conviction under Code § 18.2

- 118. Affirmed.