FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

MAY 07, 2002

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

*

Honorable Donald P. Lay, U.S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.

[PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

_________________________

No. 00-16212

_________________________

D. C. No. 99-00039-CV-1-SPM

TERRY D. LOUDERMILK,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

JO ANNE B. BARNHART, Commissioner of the 

Social Security Administration,

Defendant-Appellee.

_________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Florida

_________________________

(May 7, 2002)

Before EDMONDSON, HILL and LAY*

, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
2

Terry D. Loudermilk filed an application for disability insurance benefits in

July 1983. The Commissioner of the Social Security Administration denied benefits

on October 26, 1983. Loudermilk then requested reconsideration, which was denied

on February 15, 1984. The Commissioner’s Notice of Reconsideration stated: 

If you believe that the reconsideration determination is not correct, you

may request a hearing before an administrative law judge . . . . If you want a hearing,

you must request it not later than 60 days from the date you receive this notice . . . .

If you do not request a hearing of your case within the prescribed

time period, you still have the right to file another application at any

time. 

Loudermilk did not request a hearing or take further action until 1988.

In 1988, Loudermilk filed a second application for disability insurance benefits.

An administrative law judge (“ALJ”) found Loudermilk disabled as of January 1982.

Yet, the ALJ found Loudermilk’s entitlement began as of June 1987, twelve months

prior to the date of his second application. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.315, 404.320

(2001). 

Loudermilk subsequently filed a request for reconsideration claiming his

entitlement month should begin as of January 1982. In order to have his entitlement

begin in 1982, Loudermilk’s first application, dated July 1983, needed to be reopened.

In his motion for reconsideration, Loudermilk stated he “was under a mental disability
3

during the sixty day period after [the receipt of the Notice of Reconsideration] such

that he was mentally unable to take steps to appeal the denial of benefits . . . .” 

In 1990, Loudermilk filed a Request for Hearing. The ALJ dismissed

Loudermilk’s request because it was filed more than sixty days after he was deemed

to have received confirmation of his entitlement month. The ALJ also denied his

request to reopen his initial application, made by letter, because it was filed more than

four years after his determination became final.

In 1995, Loudermilk’s representative requested his initial application be

reopened pursuant to Social Security Ruling 91-5p because he had been unable to

timely pursue his appeal of the prior claim due to mental illness. This was followed

by a formal Request for Reconsideration. The ALJ found that no basis existed to

reopen the ALJ’s prior order of dismissal dated September 27, 1990, or its underlying

final reconsidered determination dated January 19, 1990. Loudermilk’s representative

then appealed this decision, which the Appeals Council of the Social Security

Administration subsequently dismissed because there had been no decision or

dismissal order issued by the ALJ. 

An Appeals Council Judge determined that Loudermilk was due a formal

determination on the issue of whether new and material evidence established that he

was prevented from timely pursuing his appeal of his initial application because of
1

The Supreme Court has held that a Social Security claimant’s failure to raise an issue at the

administrative level does not deprive a court of jurisdiction to consider the issue when it is raised

for the first time during judicial proceedings. Sims v. Apfel, 530 U.S. 103 (2000). 

4

mental incapacity. A hearing on this issue led to an ALJ finding that Loudermilk was

not mentally impaired during the relevant appeal period on his first application,

therefore, the reconsideration determination dated February 15, 1984, could not be

reopened and revised. The Appeals Council affirmed the ALJ’s decision. 

Loudermilk then filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the

Northern District of Florida. For the first time, Loudermilk asserted that the notice

provision of the reconsideration of his initial application, dated February 15, 1984,

violated his Fifth Amendment due process rights because it did not advise him of the

consequences of choosing to file a new application rather than appealing the

reconsideration determination.1

 The district court dismissed Loudermilk’s case for

lack of subject matter jurisdiction because he failed to show detrimental reliance on

the notice provision contained in the Notice of Reconsideration. Loudermilk

appealed. We affirm. 

Analysis

Generally, courts do not have jurisdiction over the Commissioner’s decision not

to reopen a claim since such a refusal is not a final decision within the meaning of 42

U.S.C. § 405(g). Sherrod v. Chater, 74 F.3d 243, 245 (11th Cir. 1996); Stone v.
2

Loudermilk also made an argument that relies on the Social Security Acquiescence Ruling

92-7(9). The ruling recognizes the Ninth Circuit’s holding in Gonzalez v. Sullivan, 914 F.2d 1197

(9th Cir. 1990). In Gonzalez, the court held a claimant need not show detrimental reliance when

asserting a violation of the claimant’s right to due process based on defective notice. Id.

Loudermilk contends the ruling, which is applicable to those who reside in Alaska, Arizona,

California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, or

Washington, violates his constitutional right of equal protection because the “regulation creates a

dual status wherein claimants in the 9th Circuit have rights pursuant to an agency ruling denied to

all other Americans.” AR 92-7(9) is not applicable because Loudermilk does not reside within one

of the aforementioned states or territories. See Torres v. Shalala, 48 F.3d 887, 890-91 (5th Cir.

1995). The ruling only recognizes, in accord with 20 C.F.R. § 404.985 (b) (2001), determinations

and decisions within the circuit that issued the holding that conflicted with the Commissioner’s

interpretation of the Social Security Act or regulations. Thus, Loudermilk’s equal protection claim

based upon AR 92-7(9) is without merit.

5

Heckler, 778 F.2d 645, 646-47 (11th Cir. 1985). Yet, subject matter jurisdiction to

review the Commissioner’s decision not to reopen a prior application exists in two

limited circumstances: (1) a colorable constitutional claim is raised; or (2) the

decision is reconsidered to any extent at any administrative level. Sherrod, 74 F.3d

at 245; Jones v. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., 941 F.2d 1529, 1533 (11th Cir.

1991).

Loudermilk contends the initial application should be opened because a

colorable constitutional claim is raised: the notice contained in the original Notice of

Reconsideration denied him his Fifth Amendment right to due process.2

 An

examination as to whether a colorable constitutional claim is raised in the present

situation involves a two-pronged analysis: (1) whether the notice was defective; and

(2) if the notice is defective, whether the claimant’s procedural due process rights
6

were violated. See Gilbert v. Shalala, 45 F.3d 1391, 1394 (10th Cir. 1995); Day v.

Shalala, 23 F.3d 1052, 1065-66 (6th Cir. 1994); Burks-Marshall v. Shalala, 7 F.3d

1346, 1349-50 (8th Cir. 1993); Gonzalez v. Sullivan, 914 F.2d 1197, 1203 (9th Cir.

1990). 

The courts of the circuits, which have addressed whether the notice given in this

case or similar such notices are defective, are all in accord: the notice is defective

because the Social Security claimant is not properly apprised of the res judicata effect

of filing a new petition rather than appealing the initial, negative decision. See, e.g.,

Gilbert, 45 F.3d at 1394; Day, 23 F.3d at 1065-66; Burks-Marshall, 7 F.3d at 1349;

Gonzalez, 914 F.2d at 1203; see also Aponte v. Sullivan, 823 F. Supp. 277 (E.D. Pa.

1993); Christopher v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 702 F. Supp. 41 (N.D. N.Y.

1989); Butland v. Bowen, 673 F. Supp. 638 (D. Mass. 1987); Aversa v. Sec’y of

Health and Human Servs., 672 F. Supp. 775 (D. N.J. 1987); Dealy v. Heckler, 616 F.

Supp. 880 (W.D. Mo. 1984). 

Since the notice is defective, the second prong, whether the defective notice

violates the claimant’s procedural due process rights, must be addressed. Loudermilk,

relying upon the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Gonzalez, asserts “the aforesaid violation

of the constitution by the Social Security Administration is in and of itself enough to

require a remand.” In Gonzalez, the court addressed a Fifth Amendment due process
7

claim stemming from a notice provision identical to the one before this court. The

court held “[t]he notice given in this case does not clearly indicate that if no request

for reconsideration is made, the determination is final. We conclude that the notice

violates appellant’s fifth amendment right to due process.” Gonzalez, 914 F.2d at

1203. 

In Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, the Supreme Court held there must be a

causal connection between the injury and the complained of conduct. Lujan v.

Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560 (1992); see also Simon v. E. Kentucky

Welfare Rights Org., 426 U.S. 26, 41-42 (1976). All the circuit courts considering the

Social Security determination notice issue, with the exception of the Ninth Circuit,

require a causal connection, following the Supreme Court’s dictate in Lujan. In

implementing this requirement, the courts hold the claimant must have detrimentally

relied upon the notice. See Torres v. Shalala, 48 F.3d 887, 893 (5th Cir. 1995);

Gilbert, 45 F.3d at 1394; Day, 23 F.3d at 1065-66; Burks-Marshall, 7 F.3d at 1349-50;

but cf. Gonzalez, 914 F.2d at 1203. We find the reasoning and, therefore, the test

employed by the majority of the circuits more persuasive in light of the teachings of

Lujan. 

In the context of a similar defective notice, detrimental reliance has been

defined as:
3

Loudermilk was adjudged to be competent and not under any significant mental disability

at the relevant time. Loudermilk has not challenged this finding. 

8

A claimant relied to his or her detriment on the inadequate notice if he

or she was denied benefits at the reconsideration level then received the

inadequate notice, and thereafter filed a new application rather than

continuing the appeal process, and then were [sic] presented by the

[Commissioner] with a claim of res judicata or received less in

retroactive benefits than he or she would have had had they successfully

appealed initially.

Day, 23 F.3d at 1066 (internal footnote omitted); see also Torres, 48 F.3d at 893

(finding the claimant “has not shown any causal connection between the allegedly

misleading language in the first two notices and his subsequent failure to seek judicial

review”); Burks-Marshall, 7 F.3d at 1349-50 (“[Claimant] has not shown that the

alleged deficiency in the notice had any connection in fact with her own failure to seek

review of the two early denials. . . . [Claimant] does not say that after reading the

notice she understood it to mean that she could apply again at any time for benefits for

the periods involved in her denied claims, and that, for that reason, she decided to

forego further review at the time.”).

Detrimental reliance does not exist in the present dispute. No reliance has been

demonstrated, save the bald assertion of reliance by Loudermilk’s counsel. Contrary

to this assertion, Loudermilk testified at length that his failure to follow through with

the initial application was due to his mental condition,3

 which by implication, means
9

Loudermilk could not have relied upon the defective notice. If Loudermilk had in fact

been mislead by the notice, he would have requested a hearing or filed a new

application within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective notice. Instead,

Loudermilk waited more than four years before filing the second application. Thus,

Loudermilk did not rely, to his detriment, upon the defective notice received in the

Notice of Reconsideration dated February 15, 1983.

Conclusion

Although the notice received by Loudermilk was defective, this court cannot

exercise subject matter jurisdiction because there has been no showing of detrimental

reliance on the defective notice by Loudermilk.

AFFIRMED.