1 

1 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

2 FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT 

3 

4 August Term, 2014 

5 (Argued: June 19, 2015 Decided: January 15, 2016) 

6 Docket No. 14-3106-cv 

7 -----------------------------------------------------------X 

8 TYRONE SIMMONS, 

9 Plaintiff-Appellant, 

10 v. 

11 WILLIAM C. STANBERRY, JR., AKA APEX, 

12 CURTIS JACKSON, AKA 50 CENT, 

13 UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP RECORDINGS, 

14 INC., INTERSCOPE RECORDS, APEX 

15 PRODUCTIONS, LLC, DBA APEX 

16 PRODUCTIONZ, AFTERMATH 

17 ENTERTAINMENT, SHADY RECORDS, G18 UNIT RECORDS, JOHN DOES 1-20, fictitious 

19 persons, and XYZ Corporations, fictitious entities, 

Defendant-Appellees.* 20 

21 -----------------------------------------------------------X 

22 

23 Before: WINTER, LEVAL, and RAGGI, Circuit Judges: 

24 

25 Plaintiff Tyrone Simmons appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for 

26 the Eastern District of New York (Irizarry, J.) dismissing his suit on grounds of untimeliness. 

27 Simmons, who is a writer and performer of hip-hop music, alleges that in February 2006 he 

28 purchased an exclusive license to a hip-hop beat created by Defendant William C. Stanberry, Jr., 

29 and that Stanberry later sold the same beat to Defendant Curtis Jackson, a well-known rapper 

30 who then used the beat in his 2007 single “I Get Money.” Because Simmons was aware of the 

31 alleged dispute over the right to use the beat and of the alleged infringement of Simmons’s 

 

*

 The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the case caption as set forth above. 
2 

1 rights, and yet waited more than three years to file suit, we affirm the district court’s conclusion 

2 that Simmons’s suit is time-barred. 

3 

4 For Plaintiff-Appellant: GERALD A. MARKS (Louis D. Tambaro, on the brief), Marks 

5 & Klein, LLP, Red Bank, New Jersey. 

6 

7 For Defendant-Appellees: PETER D. RAYMOND (Geoffrey G. Young, on the brief), 

8 Reed Smith LLP, New York, New York, for Universal Media 

9 Group Recordings, Inc., Interscope Records, Aftermath 

10 Entertainment, and Shady Records; 

11 

12 DAVID L. LEICHTMAN, Robins Kaplan LLP, New York, 

13 New York, for Curtis Jackson and G-Unit Records. 

14 

15 PER CURIAM: 

16 Plaintiff Tyrone Simmons appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for 

17 the Eastern District of New York (Irizarry, J.) dismissing his suit on grounds of untimeliness. 

18 Simmons, who is a writer and performer of hip-hop music, brought this suit against hip-hop 

19 producer William C. Stanberry, Jr., the well-known rapper Curtis Jackson (who performs under 

20 the name 50 Cent), and various corporate entities involved in the production and distribution of 

21 the 2007 song “I Get Money,” which was produced by Stanberry and recorded by Jackson.

22 Simmons alleges that in February 2006 he purchased from Stanberry an exclusive license 

23 to a beat and that Simmons therefore owns the right to bar all others—including Stanberry, 

24 Jackson, and the related corporate entities—from using the beat. He goes on to allege that when 

25 Jackson expressed interest in the beat, Stanberry—despite having sold the exclusive rights in the 

26 beat to Simmons—arranged with Jackson that they would collaborate in the production of a 

27 Jackson song employing the beat. Simmons further alleges that in May 2007 Stanberry attempted 

28 to repudiate Simmons’s license by email, informing Simmons with apologies that he “no longer 

29 had exclusive (or any) rights to the Beat.” Pl. App’x. at 22. Simmons alleges that Jackson’s 
 3

1 recording of his song employing the beat was publicly released in the summer of 2007, enjoyed 

2 immediate success, and continued to earn revenues in derogation of Simmons’s exclusive rights 

3 up until the time Simmons brought suit in December 2010. Despite Simmons’s evident 

4 awareness of Stanberry’s repudiation of the sale to him, of Stanberry’s agreement with Jackson 

5 for the exploitation of the beat, and of their release of the allegedly infringing song, Simmons did 

6 not file suit until more than three years after the song had been released in disavowal of 

7 Simmons’s claim of rights. 

8 The defendants moved to dismiss the suit for untimeliness. Citing Kwan v. Schlein, 634 

9 F.3d 224 (2d Cir. 2011), the district court granted the motion and dismissed the suit. Plaintiff 

10 brought this appeal. We affirm. Our decision in Kwan precludes this action. 

11 In that case the plaintiff Kwan had been hired by the defendant Schlein to edit a book 

12 written by Schlein, entitled Find It Online (“FIOL),” which was to be published by the defendant 

13 Business Resources Bureau, Inc. (“BRB”). As publication date approached, the plaintiff told the 

14 defendants that she believed her contributions to the book were sufficiently extensive to entitle 

15 her to be credited as a co-author, rather than as editor. She demanded recognition as co-author. 

16 Kwan, 634 F.3d at 226-27. The defendants ignored her demand and published the book listing 

17 Schlein as the sole author, while crediting the plaintiff as editor. Nearly six years after the initial 

18 publication, the plaintiff brought suit against Schlein and BRB, alleging infringement of her 

19 copyright interest. The defendants had continued selling the book throughout the intervening 

20 period. Id. at 227-30. 

21 Our court ruled that, notwithstanding the occurrence of allegedly infringing acts within 

22 three years of filing the action, the suit was nonetheless barred by the Copyright Act’s three-year 
 4

1 statute of limitations, 17 U.S.C. § 507(b), because the plaintiff, although aware of the 

2 defendants’ acts of infringement done in rejection of plaintiff’s claim of a copyright interest, had 

3 waited more than three years to sue. Id. at 228-30. We explained: 

4 Here, BRB and Schlein rejected Kwan’s express assertion of 

5 authorship in December 1998, and then published the first 

6 edition of FIOL, which did not list Kwan as an author, in 

7 January 1999. On the facts of this case, there is no question that 

8 Kwan was aware of the dispute regarding her rights to FIOL by 

9 January 1999, when the first edition was published, and 

10 therefore, her ownership claim accrued at that time. Because 

11 Kwan did not file suit until December 2004, more than three 

12 years after the publication of the first edition . . . any ownership 

13 claim relating to FIOL is untimely. 

14 

15 Id. at 229. Where the plaintiff’s claims were rooted in her contested assertion of an ownership 

16 interest in the copyright, and that claim of ownership interest was time-barred because of the 

17 plaintiff’s delay in suing, the plaintiff could not resuscitate the untimely claim by relying on 

18 claims against the defendants’ continuing course of infringing publication after the plaintiff’s 

19 ownership claim became time-barred. We wrote, “Where . . . the ownership claim is time-barred, 

20 and ownership is the dispositive issue, any attendant infringement claims must fail.” Id. at 230. 

21 Kwan controls this case. As in Kwan, more than three years prior to Simmons’s filing of 

22 his suit, Stanberry had made clear to him that he rejected Simmons’s assertion of an interest in 

23 the copyright and had gone on to exploit the copyrighted work in a manner of which Simmons 

24 was on notice. Simmons’s assertion of his claim of a copyright interest was therefore time25 barred. As in Kwan, furthermore, he could not revive the time-barred claim of ownership of a 

26 copyright interest by relying on the defendants’ continued exploitation of the copyright within 

27 three years of his filing suit. 
5 

1 Simmons argues that his case is distinguishable from Kwan in that he does not claim to 

2 be an owner of the copyright but rather an exclusive licensee. The distinction is not material for 

3 these purposes. An exclusive licensee as to all rights to a work effectively exercises the rights 

4 that flow from ownership. The Copyright Act recognizes that an exclusive license is effectively a 

5 transfer of ownership over the rights licensed. The Act includes exclusive licenses among the list 

6 of transactions that can effect a “transfer of copyright ownership,” 17 U.S.C. § 101, and 

7 exclusive licensees stand in the shoes of creators for enforcement purposes, 17 U.S.C. § 201(d). 

8 We can see no reason why the statute of limitations should apply differently in Simmons’s case 

than in Kwan’s.1 9 

10 CONCLUSION

11 The judgment of the district court dismissing the complaint is AFFIRMED.

 1 Morris v. Business Concepts, Inc., 259 F.3d 65, 70 (2d Cir. 2001) abrogated on other 

grounds by Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick, 559 U.S. 154 (2010), on which Plaintiff relies to 

distinguish between owners and licensees, is inapposite. Morris dealt with the question of 

whether an exclusive licensee’s registration of a collective work sufficed to register a divisible 

part of the work, in which the original author retained ownership. That issue is not relevant to the 

question whether a dispute over an exclusive license should be treated the same as a dispute over 

ownership of a copyright.