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NIST sUAS Open Test Lane

Fabrication Guide

Version 2020C

Test Director: Sponsor

Adam Jacoff 

Intelligent Systems Division Systems Engineering & Standards Division

National Institute of Standards and Technology Science and Technology Directorate

U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Website: RobotTestMethods.nist.gov | Email: RobotTestMethods@nist.gov

DOWNLOAD STICKERS, FORMS, AND VIDEOS TO PRACTICE SCORING

DATE/TIME

PILOT CODE

48IN SQUARE LANDING WITH

12IN CENTER RADIUS TARGET

100-300 FT MEASURING TAPE

(4) OMNI STANDS

24 INCH 0R 48 INCH 

LAUNCH / LAND

PLATFORM

ACUITY TARGET

FOR ALIGNMENT

DIGITAL CLOCK CAPTURES

DATE | TIME (SYNCED)

WHITEBOARD CAPTURES

MAKE | MODEL | CONFIG

(4) OMNI BUCKET STANDS

12 INCH RADIUS

CIRCLE FOR ACCURACY

CENTERLINE 

MEASURING TAPE

POST

LEGS 

FLUSH WITH TOP

PRINT TARGET STICKERS PERCH ACUITY TARGETS TRANSPORT IN GOLF BAGS

1A

2A

3A

AA

STOW LANES IN STACKS

EASY AND INEXPENSIVE TO FABRICATE

1

TOP

FRONT 1A

LEFT 1B 1C BACK

1D RIGHT

ALL “A” BUCKETS

POINT TOWARD THE 

LAUNCH/LAND

HANDLE

CENTERLINE

ONLY THE NUMBERS 

CHANGE FOR EACH 

OMNI BUCKET STAND
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Acknowledgements

Disclaimer

Measurement Units

This work was sponsored by Philip Mattson and Kai-Dee 

Chu from the Department of Homeland Security, Science 

and Technology Directorate, through an interagency 

agreement with the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST). 

Dozens of people have contributed to the development and 

validation of these test methods. They include FEMA urban 

search and rescue task force teams, firefighters, law 

enforcement, collaborating test facilities, other civilian and 

military organizations, and commercial manufacturers. 

There are far too many to mention, but some of the 

ongoing (non-commercial) collaborators are listed below, 

roughly in order of their involvement.

Commercial equipment shown in this document are for 

illustrative purposes only. This does not imply 

recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute 

of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the 

products identified are necessarily the best available for the 

purpose. 

The International System of Units (a.k.a. SI Units) and U.S. 

Customary Units (a.k.a. Imperial Units) are used throughout 

this document. Approximate equivalents in each system of 

units enable use of readily available materials in different 

countries. This avoids excessive purchasing and fabrication 

costs. The differences between the stated unit dimensions 

are insignificant for comparison of test method results, so 

each set of units are considered standard for the purposes 

of these test methods. 

Collaborators

Tom Haus, Los Angeles Fire Dept. & CA-TF1, CA

Parry Boogard, Valley Regional Fire Authority & WA-TF1, WA

Clint Arnett, TEEX/Disaster City & TX-TF1, TX

George Hough, Fire Dept. of New York City & NY-TF1, NY

Jim Ingledue, Virginia Beach Fire Dept. & VA-TF2, VA

Mark Hundley, Virginia Beach Fire Dept. & VA-TF2, WA

Michael O’Shea, FAA UAS Integration Office (formerly U.S. DOJ)

Martin Hutchings, Sacramento Sheriff & IAB, CA

John Delaney, Arlington County Fire, Dept., & IAB, VA

Mike Marino, Prince George’s County Fire Dept. & IAB, MD

Coitt Kessler, Austin Fire Dept., TX

Chris Sadler, York County Fire Dept., VA

Andy Moore, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX

Al Frazier, Grand Forks County Sheriff’s Dept., ND

Ben Miller, CDPS COE for Aerial Technology Fire Fighting, CO

Mark Blanks, Virginia Tech University, VA

Daniele Nardi, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Italy

Max Delo, ESF-13, U.S. Marshals Service, DOJ

Bryan Gillespy, ESF-13, U.S. Marshals Service, DOJ

Gabriele Ferri, NATO CMRE, Italy

Howie Stockhowe, Virginia Beach Fire Dept, Virginia Beach, VA

Tony Galladora, Montgomery County Police, MD

Satoshi Tadokoro, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Tetsuya Kimura, Nagoaka Univ. of Technology, Japan

Bob Gann, CDPS COE for Aerial Technology Fire Fighting, CO

Andy Olesen, Canadian Explosives Technicians Assoc., Canada

Tom Prentice, Reveille Peak Ranch, Burnet, TX

Michael Leo, Fire Department of New York City, NY

Luke Bergan, New South Wales Police Dept., Sydney, Australia

Katie Thielmeyer, Woodlawn Fire Dept. OH

Oliver Huke, RACE Test Facility, UKAEA, Oxfordshire, UK
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Table of Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Stowing and Transport ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Omni Bucket Stands...................................................................................................................................................... 8

Parts Needed ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

Optional Leveling for Uneven Terrains .................................................................................................................... 9

Fabrication Tips........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Sticker the Buckets First........................................................................................................................................... 9

Assemble the Stands.............................................................................................................................................. 10

Buckets ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Visual Acuity Stickers and Other Targets.................................................................................................................... 11

Disk Inserts to Randomize Targets.............................................................................................................................. 13

Leveling Feet............................................................................................................................................................... 14

Leg Extensions ............................................................................................................................................................ 14

Sensor Panels.............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Washer Head Torx/Star Screws.................................................................................................................................. 19

Helpful Tools............................................................................................................................................................... 20
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Introduction

This guide describes how to fabricate a NIST sUAS Open Test Lane for evaluating Maneuvering and Payload 

Functionality in open spaces. The test lane is designed to be inexpensive and easy to deploy, stow, and transport. 

The standard lanes use omni-directional bucket stands made of 7.5 liter (2-gallon) white buckets with white sticker

targets inside. Similar omni-directional bucket stands made with black buckets and black stickers are used to 

embed scoring into operational scenarios to add repeatable measures of performance. These bucket stands are 

lightweight and small enough to carry two in each hand. They also stack on each other to stow. Visual acuity 

targets are the initial identification tasks, but additional operationally significant sticker targets can be inserted on 

disks to randomize and evaluate onboard sensors similarly.

 FIGURE 1) This Open Area Lane supports both Maneuvering (MAN) and Payload Functionality (PAY) test methods

along with several other tests at various altitudes.

POSITION TEST

Hovers and maneuvers along the centerline of the first three stands at S and 2(S) altitudes.

TRAVERSE TEST

Sideways flying ovals around the first three stands at S distance and altitude.

ORBIT TEST

Orbits around omni bucket stand #3 at S altitude. There are options for 2(S), 5(S), 6(S), and 7(S) as well. 

SPIRAL TEST

Free flight downward inspections of all four omni-bucket stands at any altitude.

RECON TEST

Fly straight and level along the centerline at S altitude with checks during acceleration and deceleration.

DATE/TIME

PILOT CODE

48IN SQUARE LANDING WITH

12IN CENTER RADIUS TARGET

100-300 FT MEASURING TAPE

(4) OMNI STANDS

24 INCH 0R 48 INCH 

LAUNCH / LAND

PLATFORM

ACUITY TARGET

FOR ALIGNMENT

DIGITAL CLOCK CAPTURES

DATE | TIME (SYNCED)

WHITEBOARD CAPTURES

MAKE | MODEL | CONFIG

(4) OMNI BUCKET STANDS

12 INCH RADIUS

CIRCLE FOR ACCURACY

CENTERLINE 

MEASURING TAPE

1

TOP

FRONT 1A

LEFT 1B 1C BACK

1D RIGHT

ALL “A” BUCKETS

POINT TOWARD THE 

LAUNCH/LAND

HANDLE

CENTERLINE

ONLY THE NUMBERS 

CHANGE FOR EACH 

OMNI BUCKET STAND

MEASURING TAPE CENTERLINE 

UP TO 90 M (300 FT)

1

2

3

FLIGHT LINE

4

5(S)

S S

S

z S

ALTITUDE S

ALTITUDE 2(S)

S

ALTITUDE 5(S)

LAUNCH/LAND 

PLATFORM

OMNI BUCKET STANDS(A-B-C-D)

1

2

3

FLIGHT LINE

4

10FT 10FT 10FT 10FT

50FT

ALTITUDE 2(S)

START | END

ALTITUDE S

ALTITUDE 7(S)

ALTITUDE 5(S)

ALTITUDE 6(S)

7(S)

6(S)

5(S)

2(S)
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 Figure 2: The lanes are scalable to fit on a basketball/tennis court or any room with a 25ft ceiling.

Stowing and Transport

 Figure 3: LEFT) These small omni bucket stands can be stacked, stowed, and ready to lay out in minutes with their 

associated Launch/Land Platform and a measuring tape. CENTER LEFT) For multiple lane transport, the stands can 

be stacked in fabricated caddies with the buckets stacked separately. CENTER RIGHT) The stands can have gate 

hinges at the joints to stow even smaller. RIGHT) All four hinged stands and buckets fit into two golf bags for

transport. The Launch/Land Platform needs to be cut down into 12in strips with duct-taped seams acting as 

“accordion hinges” to fit in the golf back along with all the buckets. The sensor panels can be cut down and taped 

similarly. So an entire Open Test Lane fits into two golf bags.

Stacking Lanes and Scenarios in Sets 

(Top Bucket Handles Ready to Grab)

Transporting Multiple Lanes

(Stands and Buckets Stacked Separately)

Hinged Stands Fold Into Buckets for Golf Bag Storage and Transport 

(2 Golf Bags per Lane)

STAND CADDIES FOR TRANSPORT ONLY GATE HINGES

ALUMINUM LEG 

EXTENSIONS

(2) GOLF BAGS NEEDED PER LANE

1A

2A

3A

AA
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 Figure 4: LEFT) The legs shown hinged underneath using 4 optional gate hinges -- $4 each. CENTER) The hinges are 

a bit harder to assemble, you need a bit extender, but they provide for the most compact stowing. The even fit 

into their associated bucket stack. RIGHT) They’re probably mostly useful if you are transporting the lanes in a 

vehicle or as checked baggage on airlines (like anybody else would do such a thing!).

 Figure 5: LEFT) For multiple lane transport, stands stack in sets without buckets in fabricated carry caddies. 

CENTER) The carry caddie is made of 5x5x30cm (2x4x12in) top and bottom pieces, with 5x5x90cm (2x2x36in) 

balusters placed vertically between where the stand legs meet. RIGHT) The balusters are spaced about 18cm (7in)

apart so the balusters nest in between the legs against the center posts. Unscrew the top to insert the stands and 

replace for carrying.

 Figure 6: LEFT) We use crates to store, transport, and organize the myriad of associated tools and administrative 

items needed to conduct a comprehensive field exercise. A single lane doesn’t require any of this stuff. They can 

be strapped in stacks for transport and easy carrying -- the strap top is the handle – and it keeps the contents from 

falling out. The cool truck and trailer are optional upgrades, but highly recommended!
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Figure 7: Our crates include the following categories (top to bottom, left to right): 

1A) 300ft measuring tapes, 

1B) 100ft measuring tapes, 

1C) Power cord GFCI adaptors, 

1D) Duct tape (white, blue, others), 

2A) Headlamps for night operations, 

2B) Squares for fabrication, 

2C) Digital clocks (synced to NIST), 

2D) Straps and magnets, 

3A) Weather station and mount, 

3B) Post levels (can’t have too many!) 

3C) Disk inserts, 

3D) Rope and string, 

4A) Clipboards, 

4B) Notebooks, paper and toner for printer, 

4C) Admin items like whiteboard markers and wipes, stapler and staples, binder clips, lots of pencils. 

4D) Chemical hand warmers for thermal targets. 

5A-E) 100ft power cord reels... can’t have too many!
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Omni Bucket Stands

Each standard test lane uses 4 Omni Bucket Stands, a Launch/Land Platform, and a measuring tape centerline. The 

standard lanes use 7.5 liter (2-gallon) white buckets with white sticker targets inside, scenarios use similar omni 

bucket stands made with black buckets and black stickers. Both are assembled as shown below.

Figure 8: The lettering scheme includes NUMBERS for the top bucket and NUMBERS/LETTERS for the angled 

buckets in a clockwise rotation. A is the front, B is the left side, C is the back, and D is the right side. This is 

essentially how firefighters designate the sides of houses. The A bucket ALWAYS points toward the Launch/Land 

Platform along the centerline in test lanes and generally so in scenarios.

 Figure 9: All four angled 5x10x30in (2x4x12in) legs with tapered ends attach aligned to the top of the center post 

using two 7.5cm (3in) long washer head screws. Start the screws at a 45deg angle into the legs while on the 

ground before attempting to affix to the center post. The top bucket mounts to the center post end grain using 

the same two 7.5cm (3in) long washer head screws. These need to be long to carry the weight of the entire 

assembled stand in the end grain. Leave the handle on the top center bucket only as a carry handle for the 

assembled bucket stand. The ANGLED BUCKETS SHOULD BE TOUCHING THE TOP BUCKET to support it when 

stacked. NOTE: Drill small drain holes in the bottom of the buckets if they are to remain outside.

The parts required to construct a lane include the following. See the online USAGE GUIDE for fabrication details 

and pointers:

BLACK BUCKETS & COLOR RINGS 

EMBEDDED INTO SCENARIOS

1

TOP

FRONT 1A

LEFT 1B 1C BACK

1D RIGHT

ALL “A” BUCKETS

POINT TOWARD THE 

LAUNCH/LAND

HANDLE

CENTERLINE

ONLY THE NUMBERS 

CHANGE FOR EACH 

OMNI BUCKET STAND

1A

BROKEN INNER BLACK EDGE

IS THE JUDGEMENT POINT

POST

LEGS 

FLUSH WITH TOP

SHOWN NOT ALIGNED SHOWN ALIGNED

WHITE BUCKETS & GREEN RINGS 

IN STANDARD TEST LANES
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Parts Needed

[04] 10x10x15cm (4x4x6in) center post

[16] 5x10x30cm (2x4x12in) legs with 45deg tapers both ends

[50] 7.5cm (3in) screws to affix the legs (2 per leg at top)

[50] 4 cm (1-1/2in) screws to affix the buckets (2 per bucket)

[20] 7.5-liter (2-gal) buckets with 20cm (8 in) diameter bottoms

[52] 20cm (8 in) diameter matte weatherproof polyester stickers. 

Download and print the stickers from the online USAGE GUIDE

[16] Big numbers 1-1-1-1 inside each top bucket

[16] Big letters A-B-C-D around each top bucket

[15] Acuity targets 1A-1B-1C-1D inside bottom of all

[02] Perch acuity targets inside and under Bucket 1A only (see picture)

[03] Launch/Land stickers (center, project logo, NIST logo)

Note: A thick black marker can be used instead of stickers to inscribe 2.5cm (1in) rings inside 

buckets with written letters and numbers on the interior/exterior of the buckets.

Optional Leveling for Uneven Terrains

[01] Post level to orient stand to vertical

[16] Furniture leveling feet with threaded adjustment for

or

[12] Additional leg extensions screwed underneath will compensate for any terrain. Extend the three legs not 

touching the ground when the stand is level. Mark EACH leg extension before flipping to secure.

or

[32] Slotted leg extensions with hanger bolts enable sliding adjustment with wing nuts to secure when level.

Fabrication Tips

1. Leave the carry handle on the top numbered buckets only as a carry handle for the assembled stand. Remove 

the handles from all angled/lettered buckets.

2. Use long screws 7.5cm (3 in) with washer heads to affix the top bucket into the center post end grain.This 

enables the handled bucket to carry the entire weight of the stand without pulling through the bucket or 

pulling out of the end grain. Washers could be used as well between the screw and the bucket. Place the 

screws through the largest visual acuity black ring so they hide somewhat while hitting the center post on the 

diagonal.

3. The angled buckets should be touching the top bucket to support it during stacking. Then attach them with 

two 4cm (1-1/2in) screws with washer heads to affix the angled buckets. Screw them through the inscribed 

green alignment ring top and bottom.

Sticker the Buckets First

4. Cut the stickers with big numbers and big letters along the cut lines shown on the stickers to fit well on the 

interior and exterior of the buckets.

5. Sticker the 4 NUMBERED buckets interior (big numbers) and exterior (big letters) so the numbers and letters 

align with the four directions and each other.

6. Sticker the 16 LETTERED buckets with full diameter visual acuity targets centered inside the bucket bottom. 

Be sure it is aligned with one of the number/letter axes.

7. Cut the Perch acuity targets P1 and P2 so the fit inside and outside the 1A bucket only. They should be placed 

toward the open end of the bucket and upright with the bucket so they will be viewable upright from the 

Launch/Land Platform. P1 is inside the 1A bucket upper interior wall. P2 is goes under the 1A bucket exterior 

wall.
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Assemble the Stands

8. Attach four 5x10x30cm (2x4x12in) legs even with the top of the 10x10x15cm (4x4x6in) center post using two 

7.5cm (3in) washer head screws each. Before affixing to the center post, start both screws into the legs at a 

45-degree angle near one tip.

9. Attach the top bucket with its handle using two 7.5cm (3in) washer head screws into the end grain of the 

center post. The top bucket handle is the carry handle for the assembled omni stand.

10. Attach the angled buckets touching the center bucket to support it when stacked. Use two 4cm (1-1/2in) 

washer head screws through the top and bottom of the inscribed ring so they hide somewhat.

 Figure 10: The total build time for a single lane should be 2-3 hours.

 
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Buckets

These buckets fit 20cm (8in) diameter round stickers with pre-printed alignment rings and visual acuity targets. These also fit 8in round disk 

inserts with randomizable object stickers. Use WHITE buckets for standard test lanes and WHITE or BLACK buckets for embedding into 

scenarios. BLACK buckets can be harder to find, so preferred in scenarios. But WHITE buckets already used in standard lanes can also be 

distributed in scenarios and used similarly to save cost and fabrication time.

ULINE 2 Gallon Pail, $3 each, Need 20 per standard lane or scenario

Part# S-9941W (WHITE) for standard test lanes or S-9941B (BLACK) to blend into shadows in scenarios, or try other colors if better to blend into 

scenarios.

WHITE: https://www.uline.com/Product/Detail/S-9941W/Pails/Plastic-Pail-2-Gallon-White?model=S-9941W&RootChecked=yes

BLACK: https://www.uline.com/Product/Detail/S-9941BL/Pails/Plastic-Pail-2-Gallon-Black?model=S-9941BL&RootChecked=yes

OTHER: https://www.uline.com/Product/ProductDetailRootItem?modelnumber=S-9941

 

Figure 11: Any buckets can work, as long as they have a 20cm (8in) diameter inside bottom to accommodate the sticker targets.

Visual Acuity Stickers and Other Targets
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 Figure 12: The online sticker files can be downloaded and printed. There are plenty of operationally significant 

objects to get started. Of course, you can add your own.

8 INCH ROUND STICKERS FOR BUCKETS AND DISK INSERTS

Any 8in round sticker can work. But these polyester stickers are very forgivable at first placement. They can be 

easily removed and placed again if not quite centered. They are also waterproof so can last a long time outdoors 

in rain and sun.

ONLINE LABELS – 8 inch round, waterproof polyester/matte

100 sheets, $50

50 sheets needed for a basic open lane or scenario

Part#: OL3033LP for Waterproof Polyester for Laser Printers (preferred)

https://www.onlinelabels.com/products/OL3033

Part#: OL3033WJ for Waterproof Matte for Inkjet Printers

https://www.onlinelabels.com/products/OL3033

DOWNLOAD THE STICKER FILES HERE 

WEBSITE: DOWNLOAD FORMS AND 

STICKER FILES HERE
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Disk Inserts to Randomize Targets

Place stickers on both sides of the disk inserts. They could be a visual acuity chart on one side and operational 

object on the other (hazmat label, partial license plate, shipping label, etc.). Or if the visual acuity stickers are 

affixed inside the buckets (so no chance they get set up in the wrong order), then put a different kinds of objects of 

interest on either side.

Wood 8in round disk x 0.1in thick (preferred)

Amazon, Juvale Unfinished Wood 8" Circle 10-Pack for DIY Crafts, Item# B07C49QVWK

10-pack, $13

Need 10 total for randomization, 20 stickers covering both sides, per scenario.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07C49QVWK/?coliid=IR5XU8X86ES5T&colid=24KBO1BGJ06L5&psc=1&ref_=lv_ov_

lig_dp_it

Wood 8in round disk x 1/8in thick

Amazon, Craft Parts Direct, Item# PC080010

10-pack, $17

Need 10 total for randomization, 20 stickers covering both sides, per scenario.

https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Unfinished-Round-Circle-Cutout/dp/B00YYCVBS0

MDF 8in round disk x 1/2in thick

Amazon, Counter Culture DIY, Item# B07L3ZT93K

1 per, $3

Need 10 total for randomization, 20 stickers covering both sides, per scenario.

https://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Cutout-Surface-DIY-Projects/dp/B07L3ZT93K

Aluminum 8in round disk

American Metalcraft, Item#18908

24 pack, $2.30 each, 6lbs total

Need 10 total for randomization, 20 stickers covering both sides, per scenario.

https://www.amnow.com/product-category/pizza-supplies/separators/round-separators/

https://www.amnow.com/product/18908/

OTHER MATERIALS

Wood, Plastic, Galvanized Steel, Other

Craftcuts

8in round disk x (CHOOSABLE THICKNESS), $variable

Need 10 total for randomization, 20 stickers covering both sides.

https://www.craftcuts.com/circlecraft.html?material=Baltic%20Birch%20Plywood&longest_dimension=8%20Inch&shape_thickness=3%2F8%20inch

&item_image=0%2F517%2F173517%2Fshapesbasiccircle.jpg&price_start=6.30&matchtype=&network=u&device=

c&keyword=&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI38rb9MjM6AIVooVaBR3rwg5GEAQYASABEgKJG_D_BwE#slide-0
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Leveling Feet

Leveling feet are the quickest and easiest way to deal with relatively level but uneven flooring, paved 

driveways/roads, and ball fields. These are good where overall terrain is flat but the four legs don’t all touch the 

ground. They also protect indoor floors, basketball/tennis courts, etc. The lenth of the thread provides a decent 

amount of correction for uneven terrains.

 LEFT) Leveling feet inserts ($5) can go a long way toward protecting floors (like basketball or tennis courts for 

example). Or when placed on the roof of a rental car scenario. CENTER) They are inserted into the leg tips closest 

to the inside edge. RIGHT) They also provide a fair bit of leveling capability, maybe 5 degrees.

Leg Extensions

The omni bucket stands only work if they are deployed vertically at their designated locations, so the angled 45-

degree buckets all point to the location directly over the next omni stand. So leg extensions are necessary to level 

the stands when the terrain is undulating, sloped, or just uneven. Any wood extension can be affixed to the 

underside of the three legs that do not reach the ground when the stand is tipped to vertical. The uphill leg can 

always be touching the ground in any case. Use a POST LEVEL affixed under the center post to guide level in two 

orientations.

 The four leg extensions bind against each other once the stand is leveled on uneven ground. The wood extensions 

can use the wingnut for locking in place. The aluminum extensions can’t be easily locked in place. RIGHT) Any 

length wood or aluminum leg extensions can be used to level the stands in hilly terrain. This helps get all the 

stands onto a level plane. Or double act as a deer feeder too! 
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Screwed Version

Add (3) 2.5x10x30cm (1x4x12in) wood leg extensions UNDERNEATH the legs with the angled buckets attached. 

Mark each extension before flipping the stand to screw the extension into the underside of the leg. Or better yet, 

pre-draw lines on the extensions every 2.5cm (1in) with numbers as a measure of the exposed extension needed 

to touch the ground. This will make the extensions easily adjustable for DIFFERENT setting each time you deploy 

them in the field.

Slotted Wood Version

Use the same wood extensions described above with an added SLOT down the center to provide an easy and 

continuous adjustment when leveling. Use (2) hanger bolts for the slot to slide along and wing nuts to tighten in 

place when the stand is vertical. This is worth the effort if the stands are to be deployed on uneven terrain often 

and quick and easy set-up is needed.

 Slotted leg extensions made from 1x4x12in wood can be fabricated rather easily. LEFT) The objective is a slot 

thicker than the screw shank and thinner than the washer head. CENTER) Clamp the wood to bench. Draw a center 

line from one end to the midpoint with a thick marker line. Drill a hole the size of the marker line at the midpoint 

at the end of the line. RIGHT) Saw straight along both sides of the marker line from one end. 

Aluminum Extrusion Version

Aluminum extrusions 2.5x2.5x30cm (1x1x12in) can be purchased for $15 per stand for four legs. In this case, two 

washer head screws partially sunk into the underside of the legs about 5cm (2in) apart provides the slide 

mechanism inside the aluminum slot. They all slide very easily during adjustment, and then bind from the weight 

of the stand and opposing forces. Short aluminum leg video Long aluminum leg video for tall grass or steep hills 

 LEFT) The aluminum extensions slide very smoothly, then bind against each other once the stand is leveled on 

uneven ground. But they can’t be easily locked in place. CENTER) The slotted wood extensions use the wingnut for 

locking in place. RIGHT) Any length wood or aluminum leg extensions can be used to level the stands in hilly 

terrain. This helps get all the stands onto a level plane. Or they make for nice deer feeders too!
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Sensor Panels

These folding panels make for easy setup, carry, and stow. The ropes can thread through the thumb holes to act 

as a handle to carry several at a time.

 

A-frames provide targets at various distances in the lane to evaluate visual acuity along with all the more 

operationally significant targets. This helps people understand how many Concentric C rings relate to their mission 

needs from known hover distances. These are 1/4in x 24in x 48in PVC panels purchased as shown from stores 

(about $16 each). Laminated wood panels or other materials could also be used. The key is that the taped hinge 

on top is taped on BOTH SIDES of the seam to act like a hinge. The top row of lettered acuity targets with mulitcolored rings. The letters lead the pilot to look sequentially at the four different sensor target panels in order, so 

the targets are every 4th letter in the alphabet. The lower row shows various other targets to help correlate how 

many visual acuity rings are necessary to see operational features. The lower targets are (left to right): Rotating 

letter also names the board generally), hazmat labels, partial license plates or gauges to read, operational or 

random pictures, and a thermal acuity target using drilled holes with a hand warmer behind the panel (as shown, 

the holes are not yet drilled). It folds by pulling up the rope on the back side and stays closed by threading through 

the hole on top. All the panels in the lane can be attached and carried together to stow using the rope through all 

the aligned top holes. 

SEE VIDEO OF ASSEMBLY PROCESS

https://vimeo.com/405091028

 

LEFT) Start with the two panels flat on the floor and perfectly abutted to each other. Tape the underneath seam as 

it sits. Use your weight to ensure the two panels don’t move relative to one another. Then fold to upright and 

tape the top seam also. Cut off excess tape on both ends. CENTER) The two panels should fold perfectly flat with 

the seam taped on both sides. While folded, drill through both panels at the same time. Drill (2) holes just a bit 

larger than whatever rope you have in from each corner near the bottom. Be certain not to interfere with where 
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the stickers targets will go. The holes in both panels will line up perfectly for stowage. Do so in both corners as 

shown or at 12-16in in from each corner to be slightly stiffer when deployed. Add an oversized thumb hole at the 

top center to string the ropes through to carry multiple panels simultaneously. RIGHT) Tie knots on the OUTSIDE of 

both panels as you string the rope around the assembly. Do so while the A-frame is on its side and open to about 

90 degrees. You should have 4 knots when you’re done. The rope can be ONE continuous rope with four knots, 

making the excess between two sides a carry handle. Cut off excess from the last knot when complete.

Example test method to validate individually as the SPEED test without the SPIRAL or as combined RECON 

evaluation an object of interest downrange: 

 

 
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[8] PVC SHEETS FOR SENSOR PANELS, A-FRAMES, and LAUNCH/LANDING PLATFORMS

These can be found in many lumber stores and metal stores as well. Thin wood laminates can be used as well 

although they might not look as good and last as long.

Home Depot, 1/4 in x 24 in x 4 ft White PVC Trim (the picture isn’t quite reflective of the product)

1 per, $16 each

Need 6 sheets for Sensor panels and 2 sheets for foldable 4ft landing per lane.

https://www.homedepot.com/p/1-4-in-x-24-in-x-4-ft-White-PVC-Trim-1506278/301230763

Amazon, Online Metal Supply, Online Metal Supply Expanded PVC Sheet 3mm x 24" x 48", White (3-Pack)

3-pack, $48,

Need 6 sheets for Sensor panels and 2 sheets for foldable 4ft landing per lane.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07Y4495LS/?coliid=I39TE4NX5CNOQC&colid=24KBO1BGJ06L5&psc=1&ref_=lv_ov_lig_dp_it_im

[1] ROLL WHITE 7.5CM (3IN) WIDE DUCT TAPE FOR HINGES ON FOLDING SENSOR PANELS A-FRAMES AND 

LAUNCH/LAND PLATFORMS

https://www.amazon.com/Gorilla-6025302-White-ToughWide/dp/B07LFZF9KN/ref=sr_1_6?dchild=1&keywords=white+3in+duct+tape&qid=1585934432&sr=8-6

[1] DRILL BIT FOR ROPE HOLES IN FOLDING SENSOR PANEL A-FRAMES

https://www.amazon.com/DEWALT-DW1354-14-Piece-TitaniumYellow/dp/B0045PQ762/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&keywords=drill+bit+set&qid=1585934827&sr=8-5

[1] POLY ROPE FOR A-FRAME BOTTOM TO LIMIT 90 DEGREE OPEN ANGLE (TIE KNOTS OUTSIDE HOLES)

https://www.amazon.com/Lehigh-Group-DF4100W-P-Df4100HdBraided/dp/B000SKZND6/ref=sr_1_13?dchild=1&keywords=1.4in+poly+rope+100ft&qid=1585934671&sr=8-13

[1] SCISSOR TO CUT EXCESS POLY ROPE AND EXCESS DUCT TAPE

https://www.amazon.com/Stanley-All-Purpose-Ergonomic-Scissor-SCI8ESTYLW/dp/B00LSWNOJ8/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?dchild=1&keywords=scissors+dewalt&qid=1585934945&sr=8-1-

spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEzNkEwUEpFWktHNDkwJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMDE0ODkyTUZYVVBEMVFRRUM1JmV

uY3J5cHRlZEFkSWQ9QTA0OTYyODgyMU9FOTBYNE1VVlJCJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfYXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2

s9dHJ1ZQ==

[1] 7.5CM (1-1/2 IN) PADDLE BIT FOR CARRY THUMB HOLES ON TOP

https://www.amazon.com/DEWALT-DW1586-2-Inch-6-InchSpade/dp/B0001LQYIU/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&keywords=paddle+bit+large&qid=1585935081&sr=8-5

[40] CHEMICAL HAND WARMERS 4X5IN (FOLD IN HALF TO MAKE THINNER TARGET)

https://www.uline.com/Product/Detail/S-14298B/Hand-and-Foot-Warmers/Super-HotHands-Hand-and-Body-Warmers-Bulk-Pack

[1] STAPLE GUN AND STAPLERS TO ATTACH THE THERMAL TARGETS TO THE PVC PANELS

https://www.amazon.com/Staple-Manual-Nail-1800-

Staples/dp/B07HMY19D1/ref=sr_1_6?dchild=1&keywords=staple+gun&qid=1585942220&sr=8-6
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Washer Head Torx/Star Screws

WASHER HEAD CONSTRUCTION LAG SCREWS (TORX/STAR BIT)

LIGHT DUTY – SHORT OMNI-STAND FABRICATION

(100) #8 x 1-1/2in screws with WASHER HEADS – FOR ATTACHING BUCKETS (WASHER HEADS ARE ESSENTIAL)

$10 per 175 count box

https://www.homedepot.com/p/SPAX-8-x-1-1-2-in-T-Star-Plus-Drive-Washer-Wafer-Head-Partial-Thread-Yellow-Zinc-Coated-Cabinet-Screw175-Box-4281020400406/204403038

(100) #10 x 2-1/2in screws with WASHER HEADS – FOR ASSEMBLY OF LEGS TO POSTS

10 per omni-stand – $10 per 75 count box

https://www.homedepot.com/p/SPAX-10-x-2-1-2-in-T-Star-Drive-Washer-Wafer-Head-Partial-Thread-Yellow-Zinc-Coated-Cabinet-Screw-75-

per-Box-4281020050606/206870578?MERCH=REC-_-pipinstock-_-204403038-_-206870578-_-N

(100) 1/4in x 4in screws with WASHER HEADS – FOR ALL HINGE JOINTS IN STOWABLE APPARATUSES

https://www.homedepot.com/p/SPAX-1-4-in-x-4-in-T-Star-Washer-Head-Exterior-HCR-PowerLag-Screw-4581820701007/206680927

or

https://www.amazon.com/4581820701555-T-Star-Washer-ExteriorPowerlag/dp/B018JQFDLM/ref=sr_1_2?crid=3REZPBUZV1C5T&dchild=1&keywords=spax+washer+head+screws&qid=1585935770&sprefix=spa

x+washer+head%2Caps%2C251&sr=8-2#customerReviews

HEAVY DUTY – TALLER/LARGER APPARATUS FABRICATION AND SHORT OMNI-STANDS TO KEEP THE TOOL BITS THE SAME – PREFERRED

(100) 1/4in x 1-1/2in screws (T25 BIT) with WASHER HEADS – FOR ATTACHING BUCKETS (WASHER HEADS ARE ESSENTIAL)

http://www.screwsolutions.com/CCTX- 14150100-14-x-1-12-Bronze-Star-ACQ- Compatible-Star-Drive-Exterior- Construction-Lag-Screws--100-

count_p_364.html

(100) 1/4in x 2-1/2in screws (T25 BIT) with WASHER HEADS – FOR ASSEMBLY OF LEGS TO POSTS

http://www.screwsolutions.com/CCTX- 14250-14-x-2-12-Bronze-Star-ACQ- Compatible-Star-Drive-Exterior- Construction-Lag-Screws--100-

count_p_367.html

(100) 1/4in x 4in screws (T25 BIT) with WASHER HEADS – FOR ALL HINGE JOINTS IN STOWABLE APPARATUSES

http://www.screwsolutions.com/CCTX- 14400100-14-x-4-Bronze-Star-ACQ- Compatible-Star-Drive-Exterior- Construction-Lag-Screws--100-

count_p_372.html

 

 
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Helpful Tools

If you’re building multiple lanes, it is worth spending the first 10 minutes building this miter saw jig. It as measured 

blocks at key component distances: 30cm (12in), 60cm (24in), 120cm (48in). Just feel each piece is at the right 

length and skip the measurement. The key is that ALL THE LEGS ARE THE SAME DIMENSION. So note you can cut 

two legs at a time.

Also, be sure to MARK THE MITER SAW at the location to remove the 45-degree ends of the legs. Your goal is to 

cut bluntly in mass amounts. Then trim ends necessary to be coincident with the length already cut. So mark that 

location on the saw itself, and repeat for a thousand 45 degree cuts and they’ll all turn out the same.

[1] 300FT MEASURING TAPE (CENTERLINE) - $30

https://www.homedepot.com/p/Stanley-300-ft-Tape-Measure-34-762/100318954?mtc=Shopping-VF-F_D25T-G-D25T-25_90_Hand_ToolsStanley_Tools-NA-Feed-PLA-NA-NA-HandTools&cm_mmc=Shopping-VF-F_D25T-G-D25T-25_90_Hand_Tools-Stanley_Tools-NA-Feed-PLA-NANA-HandTools-71700000058470929-58700005391956982-92700048951171413&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIOqf_9zM6AIVBIbICh0rEAcrEAQYASABEgLCv_D_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

or

https://www.amazon.com/Measuring-Tape-Open-300-Ft/dp/B000FNB4AC

[10] TENT STAKES or 60 PENNY 6IN NAILS - $2-8

Used to STRETCH AND PULL TIGHT the measuring tape centerline from end to end to ensure a straight line. Also to hold down the Sensor AFrame ropes, landing or banners.

https://www.amazon.com/Hikemax-7075-Aluminum-TentStakes/dp/B07H2WTZT5/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?crid=1JW6IEQDW4IG7&dchild=1&keywords=tent+stakes+lightweight&qid=1585935504&sprefix=ten

t+stakes%2Caps%2C413&sr=8-1-

spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyUklJNVRTUFg2UUxLJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNjQ3MzcwMktNT1Y2Q1ZWWDJTSSZlbm

NyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwNjQwMDc1MjgzTEFWWFlYMEM5TiZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb249Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0Ns

aWNrPXRydWU=

Disclaimer: Commercial equipment shown in this document are for illustrative purposes only. This does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and

Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

A miter saw with physical guides (2x4s or 4x4s) placed at the most used lengths (12in, 24in, 48in at least) provides quick and precise replication of cuts. Also, MEASURE AND MARK THE 

MITER SAW to replicate the 45-degree taper cuts to coincide with the end cuts exactly. Cut blunt lengths then taper. When the tool is marked, its easier. Foldable table and wheels for 

mobility are bonus features. The frame is screwed up from under the table. The strap shown stows the legs when folded for rolling. For several lanes, this is worth the effort.

MISC TOOL CASE MISC TOOL CASE ROLLER BOX SQUARE 8-10 INCH BIT EXTENDER

FOR FASTENING BUCKETS