Registration Rights Agreement



 Exhibit 10.24 
  
 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT 
  
 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of November 23, 2005, by and among Aphton Corporation, a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned investors (each, an “Investor” and collectively, the “Investors”). 
  
 BACKGROUND 
  
 A. In connection with the Exchange Agreement by and among the parties hereto of even date herewith (the “Exchange Agreement”), the
Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Agreement, to issue and sell to each Investor in exchange for the cancellation of each Senior Convertible Note issued by the Company and held by such Investor
(i) shares (the “Preferred Shares”) of the Company’s Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-1 Preferred Stock”) and (ii) shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common
Stock”) a portion of which (the “Initial Common Shares”) will be delivered to the Investors at the closing and a portion of which (the “Escrow Common Shares” and together with the Initial Common Shares, the
“Common Shares”) will be delivered to an escrow agent to be held in escrow pursuant to the terms of an Escrow Agreement (the “Escrow Agreement”) among the parties of even date herewith. The shares of Common Stock
issuable upon conversion of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock are referred to herein as the “Conversion Shares”. 
  
 B. To induce the Investors to execute and deliver the Exchange Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the “1933 Act”), and applicable state securities laws. 
  
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants
contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each of the Investors hereby agree as follows: 
  
 1. Definitions. 
  
 As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: 
  
 (a) “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in
The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed. 
  
 (b) “Effectiveness Deadline” has the meaning provided in Section 2(a) below. 
  
 (c) “Escrow Release Date” means the date upon which all or any portion of the Escrow Common Shares are released from escrow to the
Investors pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement. 
  
 (d)
“Holder” means an Investor, any transferee or assignee thereof to whom an Investor assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound by the 







 provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section 9 and any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a
transferee or assignee assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section 9. 
  
 (e) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a
corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization and governmental authority or any department or agency thereof. 
  
 (f) “register,” “registered,” and “registration” refer to a registration effected by preparing and
filing one or more Registration Statements (as defined below) in compliance with the 1933 Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the 1933 Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed basis (“Rule
415”), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s) by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). 
  
 (g) “Registrable Securities” means (i) the Common Shares, (ii) the Conversion Shares and
(iii) any shares of capital stock issued or issuable with respect to the Initial Common Shares or the Conversion Shares as a result of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event or otherwise, without regard to
any limitations on conversions of the Preferred Shares. 
  
 (h)
“Registration Statement” means a registration statement or registration statements of the Company filed under the 1933 Act covering the Registrable Securities. 
  
 Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Exchange
Agreement. 
  
 2. Registration. 
  
 (a) Mandatory Registration. The Company shall prepare, and, as soon
as practicable but in no event later than December 23, 2005, file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3 covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415,
on Form S-3 (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on another appropriate form for such purpose). Each such Registration Statement
shall contain (except if otherwise required pursuant to written comments received from the SEC upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” attached hereto as Annex A. The Registration Statement prepared
pursuant hereto shall register for resale 27,333,333 shares of Common Stock. The Company shall use its best efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable, but in no event later than February 21,
2006 or, if the Registration Statement is reviewed by the SEC, March 23, 2006 (such date, as applicable, the “Effectiveness Deadline”), and shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such Registration Statement
continuously effective under the Securities Act during the entire Registration Period (as defined below). 
  
 (b) Allocation of Registrable Securities. The initial number of Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement and each increase in
the number of Registrable Securities included therein shall be allocated pro rata among the Holders based on the number of 







 Registrable Securities held by each Holder at the time the Registration Statement covering such initial number of
Registrable Securities or increase thereof is declared effective by the SEC. In the event that a Holder sells or otherwise transfers any of such Holder’s Registrable Securities, each transferee shall be allocated a pro rata portion of the then
remaining number of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement for such transferor. Any shares of Common Stock included in a Registration Statement and which remain allocated to any Person which ceases to hold any Registrable
Securities covered by such Registration Statement shall be allocated to the remaining Holders, pro rata, based on the number of Registrable Securities then held by such Holders which are covered by such Registration Statement. 
  
 (c) Effect of Non-Effectiveness of Registration Statement. If a
Registration Statement covering all the Registrable Securities required to be covered thereby and required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement is not declared effective by the SEC on or before the Effectiveness Deadline or on or
before expiration of an Allowable Grace Period (a “Registration Delay”), then, as liquidated damages to the Holders for any such Registration Delay (which remedy shall be the exclusive remedy for such Registration Delay), the
Company shall pay to each holder of Registrable Securities for each full 30-day period (or portion thereof) during which there is a Registration Delay an amount in cash equal to (i) the aggregate number of Registrable Securities that such
Holder is unable to sell as a result of the Registration Delay (other than during an Allowable Grace Period (as defined in Section 3(p) hereof)), multiplied by (ii) $0.44 (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends or like
transactions), multiplied by (iii) 0.015 (which damages shall be prorated based on the number of days elapsed for each period not totaling thirty (30) days). The payments to which a holder shall be entitled pursuant to this
Section 2(c) are referred to herein as “Registration Delay Payments.” Registration Delay Payments shall be paid within five (5) Business Days after each 30-day period (or such shorter period, as the case may be) of
Registration Delay. In the event the Company does not pay a Registration Delay Payment within said five (5) Business Days, the Company shall pay interest on the amount of the Registration Delay Payment at the rate of ten percent (10%) per
annum (based on a 365 day year) for each day the Registration Delay Payment remains unpaid after such five (5) Business-Day Period. 
  
 (d) (i) If for any reason the SEC does not permit all of the Registrable Securities identified in Section 2(a) to be included in the initial
Registration Statement filed pursuant to Section 2(a), or for any other reason any outstanding or then issuable Registrable Securities are not then covered by an effective Registration Statement, then the Company shall prepare and file by the
filing date for such Registration Statement, an additional Registration Statement covering the resale of all Registrable Securities not already covered by an existing and effective Registration Statement for an offering to be made on a continuous
basis pursuant to Rule 415, on Form S-3 (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on another appropriate form for such purpose). Each such
Registration Statement shall contain (except if otherwise required pursuant to written comments received from the SEC upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” attached hereto as Annex A. The Company
shall cause each such Registration Statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as soon as possible but, in any event, by the Effectiveness Deadline, and shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such Registration Statement
continuously effective under the Securities Act during the entire Registration Period. 







 (ii) Promptly following any date on which the Company becomes eligible to use a registration statement
on Form S-3 to register the Registrable Securities for resale, the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-3 covering the Registrable Securities (or a post-effective amendment on Form S-3 to the then effective Registration Statement)
and shall cause such Registration Statement to be declared effective as soon as possible thereafter, but in any event within ninety (90) days of the filing thereof. Such Registration Statement shall contain (except if otherwise required
pursuant to written comments received from the SEC upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” attached hereto as Annex A. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such Registration
Statement continuously effective under the Securities Act during the entire Registration Period. 
  
 3. Related Obligations. 
  
 At such time as the Company is obligated to file a Registration Statement with the SEC pursuant to Section 2(a) or 2(b) the Company will use
its best efforts to effect the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof and, pursuant thereto, the Company shall have the following obligations: 
  
 (a) The Company shall submit to the SEC, within five (5) Business Days
after the Company learns that no review of a particular Registration Statement will be made by the staff of the SEC or that the staff has no further comments on a particular Registration Statement, as the case may be, a request for acceleration of
effectiveness of such Registration Statement at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on a date not later than 48 hours after the submission of such request or, if longer, the shortest period of time permitted by the SEC. The Company shall keep each
Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until the earliest of (i) the date as of which the Holders may sell all of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement without restriction pursuant to Rule
144(k) (or successor thereto) promulgated under the 1933 Act, (ii) the date on which the Holders shall have sold all the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement, (iii) the date on which the Common Stock is no longer
registered under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) (the “Registration Period”). The Company shall ensure that each Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements
thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of prospectuses, in the
light of the circumstances in which they were made) not misleading. 
  
 (b) The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus
is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the 1933 Act, as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the 1933 Act
with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by such Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of
disposition by the seller or sellers thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement. In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be 







 filed pursuant to this Agreement (including pursuant to this Section 3(b)) by reason of the Company filing a
report on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K or any analogous report under the 1934 Act, the Company shall have incorporated such report by reference into such Registration Statement, if applicable, or shall file such amendments or supplements with
the SEC within two (2) Business Days of the day on which the 1934 Act report is filed which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement such Registration Statement. 
  
 (c) The Company shall permit each Holder to review and provide reasonable
comments to (i) the “Selling Securityholder” section of, and the “Plan of Distribution” attached to, a Registration Statement at least five (5) Business Days prior to its filing with the SEC and (ii) all amendments
and supplements to all Registration Statements (except for Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and any similar or successor reports) within a reasonable number of days prior to their filing
with the SEC. The Company shall furnish to each Holder (and in the case of (i) and (iii) below such other individuals set forth next to each Holder’s name on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto), without charge, (i) on the
same Business Day as effectiveness of any Registration Statement, or if any correspondence is not received by the Company prior to 4:00 p.m. (New York City time), by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the first Business Day following receipt of such
correspondence, copies of any correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC to the Company or its representatives relating to any Registration Statement, (ii) promptly after the same is prepared and filed with the SEC, one copy of any
Registration Statement and any amendment(s) thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference, if requested by a Holder, and all exhibits, (iii) on the same Business Day as effectiveness of
any Registration Statement, or if notice thereof is not received by the Company prior to 4:00 p.m. (New York City time), by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the first Business Day following the effectiveness of any Registration Statement, one copy
of the prospectus included in such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (which delivery may be effected electronically), and (iv) such other documents, including copies of any preliminary or final prospectus, as
such Holder may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Holder; provided, however, that at no time may the Company furnish any documents to the Investors which contain
material non-public information. 
  
 (d) The Company shall by the
effective date of the Registration Statement (i) register and qualify, unless an exemption from registration and qualification applies, the resale by Holders of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement under such other
securities or “blue sky” laws of the states of New York, Wisconsin, and Maryland, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and
qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the
Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as
a condition thereto to (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(e), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or
(z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify Legal 







 Counsel and each Holder who holds Registrable Securities of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect
to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or
threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. 
  
 (e) The
Company shall use best efforts to notify each Holder in writing of the happening of any event, on the same day the Company becomes aware of such event, as a result of which the prospectus included in a Registration Statement, as then in effect,
includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that
in no event shall such notice contain any material, nonpublic information), and, subject to Section 3(p), promptly prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver
one (1) copy of such supplement or amendment to each Holder (or such other number of copies as such Holder may reasonably request). The Company shall also promptly notify each Holder in writing (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus
supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective (notification of such effectiveness shall be delivered to each Holder (and such other individuals set forth
next to each Holder’s name on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto) via email on the same day of such effectiveness and by overnight mail), (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or
related prospectus or related information, and (iii) of the Company’s reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate. 
  
 (f) The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of
a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension at the earliest
possible moment and to notify Legal Counsel and each Holder who holds Registrable Securities being sold of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such
purpose. 
  
 (g) The Company shall make available for inspection
during normal business hours and upon 2 Business Days prior notice by (i) any Holder (ii) its legal counsel and (iii) one firm of accountants or other agents retained by the Holders (collectively, the “Inspectors”),
all pertinent financial and other records, and pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the “Records”), as shall be reasonably deemed necessary by each Inspector, and cause the Company’s
officers, directors and employees to supply all information which any Inspector may reasonably request; provided, however, that each Inspector and the Investors shall agree to hold in strict confidence and shall not make any disclosure (except to a
Holder) or use of any Record or other information which the Company determines in good faith to be confidential, and of which determination the Inspectors are so notified, unless (a) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or
correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement or is otherwise required under the 1933 Act, (b) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of
competent jurisdiction, or (c) the information in such Records has been 







 made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this or any other agreement of which the
Inspector has knowledge. Each Holder agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to the Company and
allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, the Records deemed confidential. Nothing herein (or in any other confidentiality agreement between the Company and any
Holder) shall be deemed to limit the Holders’ ability to sell Registrable Securities in a manner which is otherwise consistent with applicable laws and regulations. 
  
 (h) The Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning a Holder provided to the
Company unless (i) disclosure of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws, (ii) the disclosure of such information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration
Statement, (iii) the release of such information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv) such information has been made generally available
to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this Agreement or any other agreement. The Company agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning a Holder is sought in or by a court or governmental body of
competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to such Holder and allow such Holder, at the Holder’s expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such
information. 
  
 (i) The Company shall use its best efforts to
cause all the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series issued by the Company are then listed, if any, if the listing of such Registrable
Securities is then permitted under the rules of such exchange. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligation under this Section 3(j). 
  
 (j) The Company shall cooperate with the Holders who hold Registrable
Securities being offered and, to the extent applicable, facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to a Registration Statement
and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the Holders may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Holders may request. 
  
 (k) If requested by a Holder, the Company shall (i) as soon as practicable incorporate in a prospectus supplement or
post-effective amendment such information as a Holder reasonably requests to be included therein relating to the sale and distribution of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the number of Registrable
Securities being offered or sold, the purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering of the Registrable Securities to be sold in such offering; (ii) as soon as practicable make all required filings of such prospectus
supplement or post-effective amendment after being notified of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and (iii) as soon as practicable, supplement or make amendments to any Registration
Statement if reasonably requested by a Holder holding any Registrable Securities. 







 (l) The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration
Statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities. 
  
 (m) The Company shall otherwise use its best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC in
connection with any registration hereunder. 
  
 (n) Within two
(2) Business Days after a Registration Statement which covers Registrable Securities is ordered effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for such
Registrable Securities (with copies to the Holders whose Registrable Securities are included in such Registration Statement) confirmation that such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC. 
  
 (o) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, at any time
after the Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC, the Company may delay the disclosure of material non-public information concerning the Company the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the
Board of Directors of the Company, in the best interest of the Company and otherwise required (a “Grace Period”); provided, that the Company shall on the same day it becomes aware (i) notify the Holders in writing of the
existence of material non-public information giving rise to a Grace Period (provided that in each notice the Company will not disclose the content of such material non-public information to the Holders) and the date on which the Grace Period will
begin, and (ii) notify the Holders in writing of the date on which the Grace Period ends; and, provided further, that the Company shall be permitted no more than two (2) Grace Periods during any three hundred sixty five (365) day
period and all such Grace Periods shall not exceed an aggregate of sixty (60) days (each, an “Allowable Grace Period”). For purposes of determining the length of a Grace Period above, the Grace Period shall begin on and include
the date the Holders receive the notice referred to in clause (i) and shall end on and include the later of the date the Holders receive the notice referred to in clause (ii) and the date referred to in such notice. The provisions of
Section 3(f) hereof shall not be applicable during the period of any Allowable Grace Period. Upon expiration of the Grace Period, the Company shall again be bound by the first sentence of Section 3(f) with respect to the
information giving rise thereto unless such material non-public information is no longer applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that upon the Company filing a registration statement on Form S-3 to fulfill its obligations under
Section 2(d)(ii) hereof, the SEC requires the Company to suspend the effectiveness of a Registration Statement, the Company shall be permitted to suspend the effectiveness of the Registration Statement for a period of up to thirty
(30) days and such period of time the Registration Statement remains suspended shall be exclusive of, and in addition to, any Allowable Grace Period hereunder; provided, however, the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to file a
registration statement on Form S-3 in a manner that would not cause suspension of effectiveness of a Registration Statement. After such thirty (30) day period and until such time the registration statement on Form S-3 is declared effective by
the SEC, the Company shall make Registration Delay Payments to the Holders. 
  
 (p) Without the consent of all Holders, the Company shall not include in a Registration Statement any securities of the Company other than Registrable Securities. 







 4. Obligations Of The Holders. 
  
 (a) At least ten (10) Business Days prior to the first anticipated filing date of a Registration Statement, the Company
shall notify each Holder in writing of the information the Company requires from each such Holder and each Holder shall, not later than three (3) Business Days prior to the first anticipated filing date of a Registration Statement, either
provide such information to the Company or notify that Company that it elects not to have any of such Holder’s Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement. It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company
to complete the registration pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the Registrable Securities of a particular Holder that such Holder shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it and the
intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it as shall be reasonably required to effect the effectiveness of the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall execute such documents in connection with such
registration as the Company may reasonably request. 
  
 (b) Each
Holder, by such Holder’s acceptance of the Registrable Securities, agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any Registration Statement hereunder, unless such
Holder has notified the Company in writing of such Holder’s election to exclude all of such Holder’s Registrable Securities from such Registration Statement. 
  
 (c) Each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described
in Section 3(p) or the first sentence of Section 3(f), such Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement(s) covering such Registrable Securities until such
Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3(p) or the first sentence of Section 3(f) or receipt of notice that no supplement or amendment is required. 
  
 (d) Each Holder agrees that if as a result of a Holder’s failure to
reply to a Company notice or request required hereunder, the Company fails to perform any obligation hereunder within the time period set forth herein with respect to such obligation, such time period shall be extended by one day for each day such
Holder does not timely respond to such request by the Company. 
  
 5. Expenses Of Registration. 
  
 All reasonable
expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees,
printers and accounting fees, and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company shall be paid by the Company. 
  
 6. Indemnification. 
  
 In the event any Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement: 







 (a) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless
and defend each Holder, the directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives of, and each Person, if any, who controls any Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20(a) of the 1934 Act (each, an
“Indemnified Person”), against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable attorneys’ fees, amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several, (collectively,
“Claims”) incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory
agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto (“Indemnified Damages”), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or
proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in
any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered (“Blue Sky Filing”), or the omission or
alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus
if used prior to the effective date of such Registration Statement, or contained in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission
to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading, (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the 1933
Act, the 1934 Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement or (iv) any
material violation of this Agreement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv) being, collectively, “Violations”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement
contained in this Section 6(a): (i) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by
or on behalf of such Indemnified Person for such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto, if such prospectus was timely made available
by the Company pursuant to Section 3(d); (ii) with respect to any preliminary prospectus, shall not inure to the benefit of any such person from whom the person asserting any such Claim purchased the Registrable Securities that are
the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any person controlling such person) if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected in the prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, if such
prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(d), and the Indemnified Person was promptly advised in writing not to use the incorrect prospectus prior to the use giving rise to a violation and such Indemnified
Person, notwithstanding such advice, used it or failed to deliver the correct prospectus as required by the 1933 Act and such correct prospectus was timely made available pursuant to Section 3(d); (iii) shall not be available to the
extent such Claim is based on a failure of the Holder to deliver or to cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company, including a corrected prospectus, if such prospectus or corrected prospectus was 







 timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(d); and (iv) shall not apply to amounts paid
in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any
investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Holders pursuant to Section 9. 
  
 (b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder is participating, each such Holder agrees to severally
and not jointly indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 6(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement and each
Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20(a) of the 1934 Act (each, an “Indemnified Party”), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may
become subject, under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or are based upon any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon
and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Holder expressly for use in connection with such Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto; and, subject to Section 6(c), such
Holder will promptly reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by an Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this
Section 6(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of such Holder,
which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided, further, however, that the Holder shall be liable under this Section 6(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds
to such Holder as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall
survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Holders pursuant to Section 9. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(b) with respect to
any preliminary prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Party if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected on a timely basis in the prospectus, as then amended or
supplemented. 
  
 (c) Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified
Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a
Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate
in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person
or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for such Indemnified Person or
Indemnified 







 Party to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of the Indemnified Person or Indemnifying
Party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any
other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. In the case of an Indemnified Person, legal counsel referred to in the immediately preceding sentence shall be selected by the Holders holding at least two-thirds in interest of the
Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement to which the Claim relates. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action
or Claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or Claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the
Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding
effected without its prior written consent; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party or
Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of
a release from all liability in respect to such Claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all
third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve
such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action. 
  
 (d) The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made
by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred. 
  
 (e) The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the
Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law. 
  
 7. Contribution. To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, then
each indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party as a result of such Claims, in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party in connection with the actions, statements or omissions that resulted in such Claim or Indemnified Damages as well as any other
relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such indemnifying party and such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any 







 untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission of a material fact, has been taken
or made by, or relates to information supplied by, such indemnifying party or such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action,
statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of any Claim or Indemnified Damages shall be deemed to include any reasonable attorneys’ or other reasonable fees or expenses incurred by such party in connection with any
Claim to the extent such party would have been indemnified for such fees or expenses if the indemnification provided for in this Section was available to such party in accordance with its terms. 
  
 The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if
contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities pursuant
to such Registration Statement. No person involved in the sale of Registrable Securities which person is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) in connection with such sale shall be entitled
to contribution from any person involved in such sale of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation. 
  
 8. Reports Under The 1934 Act. 
  
 With a view to making available to the Holders the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the 1933 Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC
that may at any time permit the Holders to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration (“Rule 144”), the Company agrees to: 
  
 (a) make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144; 
  
 (b) file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents
required of the Company under the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act so long as the Company remains subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and 
  
 (c) furnish to each Holder so long as such Holder owns Registrable
Securities, promptly upon request, (i) a written statement by the Company, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act, (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report
of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company, and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Holders to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration. 
  
 9. Assignment of Registration Rights. 
  
 The rights under this Agreement shall be automatically assignable by the
Holders to any transferee of all or any portion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities if: (i) the Holder agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights, and a copy of such 







 agreement is furnished to the Company within a reasonable time after such assignment; (ii) the Company is, within a
reasonable time after such transfer or assignment, furnished with written notice of (a) the name and address of such transferee or assignee, and (b) the securities with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or
assigned; (iii) immediately following such transfer or assignment the further disposition of such securities by the transferee or assignee is restricted under the 1933 Act and applicable state securities laws; (iv) at or before the time
the Company receives the written notice contemplated by clause (ii) of this sentence the transferee or assignee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the provisions contained herein; and (v) such transfer shall have been
made in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Agreement. 
  
 10. Amendment of Registration Rights. 
  
 Provisions of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the written consent of the
Company and Holders who then hold at least two-thirds of the Registrable Securities. Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 10 shall be binding upon each Holder and the Company. No such amendment shall be
effective to the extent that it applies to less than all of the holders of the Registrable Securities. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend, or consent to a waiver or modification of, any provision of this Agreement
unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. 
  
 11. Miscellaneous. 
  
 (a)
A Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities. If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more Persons with
respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the such record owner of such Registrable Securities. 
  
 (b) Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this
Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile if received by 4:59 p.m. local time of the recipient, or the following business
day if received after 4:59 p.m. local time of the recipient (provided in each case that confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party) or (iii) one Business Day after deposit with
a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: 
  
 If to the Company: 
  
 Aphton Corporation 
 8 Penn Center, Suite 2300 
 1628 JFK Boulevard 
 Philadelphia, PA 19103 







 Telephone:      (215)
             
 Facsimile:         (215) 218-4355 
 Attention:        Chief Executive Officer 
  
 With a copy to: 
  
 Akerman Senterfitt 
 One Southest Third Avenue 
 28th Floor 
 Miami FL 33131-1714 
 Telephone:        (305) 982-5592 
 Facsimile:          (305) 374-5095 
 Attention:          Kara MacCullough 
  
 If to an Investor, to its address and facsimile number set forth on the Schedule of Investors
attached hereto, with copies to such Investor’s representatives as set forth on the Schedule of Investors, or to such other address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by
written notice given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or
electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a courier or overnight courier service shall be
rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. 
  
 (c) Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement
or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof. 
  
 (d) All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the
State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State
of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non- exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan and the State of New York, in each case for the adjudication of any dispute
hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents
to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process
and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner 







 permitted by law. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such
invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. EACH PARTY HEREBY
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. 
  
 (e) This Agreement, the Exchange Agreement, the Escrow Agreement and the
instruments referenced herein and therein constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or
referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the Exchange Agreement, the Escrow Agreement and the instruments referenced herein and therein supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject
matter hereof and thereof, including without limitation, the letter agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among the parties hereto. 
  
 (f) Subject to the requirements of Section 9, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and
assigns of each of the parties hereto. 
  
 (g) The headings in
this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof. 
  
 (h) This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same
agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement. 
  
 (i) Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all
such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement
and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. 
  
 (j) All consents and other determinations required to be made by the Holders pursuant to this Agreement shall be made, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, by Holders holding at least two-thirds of the Registrable Securities,
determined as if all of the Preferred Shares held by Holders then outstanding have been converted into Registrable Securities without regard to any limitations on conversion of the Preferred Shares. 
  
 (k) The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language
chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. 
  
 (l) This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of,
nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. 







 (m) Heartland Value Fund. The Company understands and agrees that Heartland Group, Inc. is
entering into this Agreement solely on behalf of Heartland Value Fund and that any claims that the Company may have against Heartland Group, Inc. under this Agreement or otherwise in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall only be
made against the assets of the Heartland Value Fund. 
  
 (n)
Independent Nature of Investors’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Investor under this Agreement are several and not joint with obligations of each other Investor, and no Investor shall be responsible in any way for the
performance of the obligations of any other Investor under this Agreement. Nothing contained herein or in any Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Investor pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Investors as a partnership,
an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Investors are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Agreement or any other
Transaction Document. Each Investor acknowledges that no other Investor will be acting as agent of such Investor in enforcing its rights under this Agreement. Each Investor shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including
without limitation the rights arising out of this Agreement, and it shall not be necessary for any other Investor to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. The Company acknowledges that each of the Investors has been
provided with the same Registration Rights Agreement for the purpose of closing a transaction with multiple Investors and not because it was required or requested to do so by any Investor. 
  
 * * * * * * 







 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed
as of the date first written above. 
  
 COMPANY: 
  
 APHTON CORPORATION 
  

			
	 By:
  
	 	 /s/ Patrick T. Mooney


	 	 	Patrick T. Mooney, M.D.
	 	 	Chief Executive Officer








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Investor has caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be
duly executed as of the date first written above. 
  

			
	SF CAPITAL PARTNERS LTD.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Brian H. Davidson


	Name:	 	Brian H. Davidson
	Title:	 	Authorized Signatory








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Investor has caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be
duly executed as of the date first written above. 
  

			
	 HEARTLAND GROUP, INC
 solely on
behalf of the Heartland Value Fund

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Paul T. Beste


	Name:	 	Paul T. Beste
	Title:	 	Vice President








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Investor has caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be
duly executed as of the date first written above. 
  

			
	 SMITH BARNEY FUNDAMENTAL VALUE FUND INC.
 (Nominee Name: Horizon Waves & Co.)

		
	By:	 	 /s/ John G. Goode


	Name:	 	John G. Goode
	Title:	 	Vice President








 Annex A 
  
 Plan of Distribution 
  
 We are registering                      shares
of our Common Stock,              of which are issuable upon the conversion of our Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, to permit the resale of these shares of Common Stock by the
Selling Stockholders from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by any Selling Stockholder of the shares of Common Stock. 
  
 The Selling Stockholders and any of their pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time
to time, sell any or all of their shares of Common Stock on any stock exchange, market, quotation service or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions directly or indirectly through one or more underwriters,
broker-dealers or agents. The Common Stock may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined at the time of
sale, or at negotiated prices. The Selling Stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares: 
  

	•	 	Ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits Investors; 

  

	•	 	Block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;


  

	•	 	Purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; 

  

	•	 	An exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; 

  

	•	 	Privately negotiated transactions; 

  

	•	 	To cover short sales made after the date that this Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission; 

  

	•	 	Broker-dealers may agree with the Selling Stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share; 

  

	•	 	A combination of any such methods of sale; and 

  

	•	 	Any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. 








 The Selling Stockholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act rather than under
this prospectus provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of Rule 144. 
  
 Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or
discounts from the Selling Stockholders (or, if an broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The Selling Stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is
customary in the types of transactions involved. In connection with sales of the Common Stock or otherwise, a Selling Stockholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers, which may in turn engage in short sales of the Common Stock in
the course of hedging in positions they assume. A Selling Stockholder may also sell shares of Common Stock short and deliver shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus to close out short positions. 
  
 The Selling Stockholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security
interest in some or all of the Shares owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell shares of Common Stock from time to time under this prospectus, or under an
amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933 amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under
this prospectus. 
  
 Upon the Company being notified in writing by
a Selling Stockholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of Common Stock through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution or secondary distribution or a purchase by a broker or dealer,
a supplement to this prospectus will be filed, if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, disclosing (i) the name of each Selling Stockholder and of the participating broker-dealer(s), (ii) the number of shares
involved, (iii) the price at which such shares of Common Stock were sold, (iv) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to such broker-dealer(s), where applicable, (v) that such broker-dealer(s) did not conduct any
investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and (vi) other facts material to the transaction. In addition, upon the Company being notified in writing by a Selling Stockholder that a donee or
pledgee intends to sell more than 500 shares of Common Stock, a supplement to this prospectus will be filed if then required in accordance with applicable securities law. 
  
 The Selling Stockholders also may transfer the shares of Common Stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees,
pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. 
  
 The Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the
meaning of the 







 Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents
and may profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Discounts, concessions, commissions and similar selling expenses, if any, that can be attributed to the
sale of Securities will be paid by the Selling Stockholder and/or the purchasers. Each Selling Stockholder has represented and warranted to the Company that it acquired the securities subject to this registration statement in the ordinary course of
such Selling Stockholder’s business and, at the time of its purchase of such securities such Selling Stockholder had no agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute any such securities. Any person deemed
to be an underwriter will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. 
  
 The Company has advised each Selling Stockholder that it may not use shares registered on this Registration Statement to cover short sales of Common Stock
made prior to the date on which this Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the Commission. If a Selling Stockholder uses this prospectus for any sale of the Common Stock, it will be subject to the prospectus delivery
requirements of the Securities Act. The Selling Stockholders will be responsible to comply with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act and Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder promulgated, including, without limitation,
Regulation M, as applicable to such Selling Stockholders in connection with resales of their respective shares under this Registration Statement, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of Common Stock by the Selling
Stockholders and any other participating person. Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of Common Stock to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of Common Stock. All
of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares of Common Stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of Common Stock. 
  
 We will pay all expenses of the registration of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, estimated to be $             in total, including, without limitation, Commission filing fees and expenses of compliance with state
securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however, that the Selling Stockholders will pay, on a pro rata basis based on the number of securities registered, all applicable underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. We will
indemnify each Selling Stockholder against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, or each Selling Stockholder will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by
each Selling Stockholder, severally and not jointly, against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any written information furnished to us by that Selling Stockholder specifically for use in this
prospectus, in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, or we may be entitled to contribution. Each Selling Stockholder may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the
shares of our Common Stock against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. 







 There can be no assurance that any Selling Stockholder will sell any or all of the shares of Common Stock
registered pursuant to the Registration Statement which includes this prospectus. Once sold under the Registration Statement which includes this prospectus, the shares of Common Stock will be freely tradable in the hands of persons other than our
affiliates.