J-A29042-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

CHARLES A. KNOLL, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

: PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee :

:

v. :

:

EUSTACE O. UKU, YALE DEVELOPMENT 

& CONTRACTING, INC. AND EXICO, 

INC.,

:

:

:

:

Appellants : No. 2038 WDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment entered on November 19, 2014

in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,

Civil Division, No. GD-12-007435

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., BOWES and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED JANUARY 19, 2016

Eustace O. Uku (“Uku”), Yale Development & Contracting, Inc. 

(“Yale”), and Exico, Inc. (“Exico”) (collectively “the Appellants”), appeal from 

the Judgment entered in favor of Charles A. Knoll (“Knoll”) in the amount of 

$175,882.08. We affirm.

In 2004, Uku and Knoll created Yale, a construction company, which 

worked on various projects, including The Meadows Racetrack and Casino 

(“Meadows”), the Carpenter’s Training Facility, and the Consol Energy 

Center. Uku was the president of Yale, and Knoll was the vice president of 

Yale. Pursuant to an agreement, Knoll and Uku split the profits of Yale, with 

Knoll receiving 49% and Uku receiving 51%. The agreement also stated 

that Uku and Knoll could only receive funds from Yale as a distribution of 
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profit. Between 2008 and 2012, Uku withdrew or received $59,983.00 from 

Yale’s various accounts. Between 2008 and 2012, Exico, a corporation of 

which Uku is the president and sole shareholder, withdrew $228,565.35 

from Yale’s various accounts. Knoll received no payments during this period. 

On April 27, 2012, Knoll filed a Complaint against Yale and Uku, 

alleging that Knoll was due his share of profits from Yale. Yale and Uku filed 

an Answer, denying Knoll’s allegations. On June 10, 2013, Knoll filed an 

Amended Complaint against the Appellants, alleging that profits from Yale 

were improperly diverted to Uku and Exico. The Appellants filed an Answer 

and New Matter to the Amended Complaint.1 Following a non-jury trial and 

the filing of proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law by both parties, 

the trial court issued a verdict in favor of Knoll.2 The Appellants filed a 

Motion for Post-Trial Relief, which the trial court denied. Subsequently, a 

Judgment in the amount of $175,882.093 was entered in favor of Knoll and 

against the Appellants. 

The Appellants filed a timely Notice of Appeal and a court-ordered 

Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) Concise Statement.

 

1 The Appellants filed the Answer and New Matter the day before the start of 

trial.

2 The trial court issued an amended verdict on July 17, 2014, to correct the 

caption in the case.

3 The trial court found that Uku and Exico had taken $288,548.35 from 

Yale’s accounts and that Knoll was entitled to 49% of this total -

$141,388.69. The trial court further awarded Knoll interest totaling 

$33,564.19. 
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On appeal, the Appellants raise the following questions for our review:

I. Whether the trial court’s July 15, 2014 amended non-jury 

verdict is inconsistent with the uncontested facts presented 

by the parties at trial?

II. Whether the trial court’s amended non-jury verdict fails to 

account for “direct expenses” incurred by [Yale]?

III. Whether the trial court’s amended non-jury verdict fails to 

account for “indirect expenses” incurred by [Yale]?

IV. Whether the trial court’s amended non-jury verdict ignores 

the testimony of ... Knoll’s own witness?

V. Whether the trial court’s amended non-jury verdict ignored 

that ... Knoll failed to “undertake” or provide “work on joint 

projects” for [Yale]?

Brief for Appellants at 5 (some capitalization omitted).4

Our standard of review is as follows:

Our appellate role in cases arising from non-jury trial verdicts is 

to determine whether the findings of the trial court are 

supported by competent evidence and whether the trial court 

committed error in any application of the law. The findings of 

fact of the trial judge must be given the same weight and effect 

on appeal as the verdict of a jury. We consider the evidence in a 

light most favorable to the verdict winner. We will reverse the 

trial court only if its findings of fact are not supported by 

competent evidence in the record or if its findings are premised 

on an error of law.

We will respect a trial court’s findings with regard to the 

credibility and weight of the evidence unless the appellant can 

 

4 We note that in the Argument section of their brief, the Appellants have 

not cited to any relevant case law or statutory authority to support their 

claims on appeal. See In re Estate of Whitley, 50 A.3d 203, 209 (Pa. 

Super. 2012) (stating that “[t]his Court will not consider the merits of an 

argument which fails to cite relevant case or statutory authority.”) (citation 

omitted). Despite this failure, we will not deem the Appellants’ claims to be 

waived.
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show that the court’s determination was manifestly erroneous, 

arbitrary and capricious or flagrantly contrary to the evidence.

J.J. DeLuca Co. v. Toll Naval Assocs., 56 A.3d 402, 410 (Pa. Super. 

2012) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

In their first claim, the Appellants contend that the trial court’s 

amended verdict is inconsistent with the uncontested facts presented at trial. 

Brief for Appellants at 9. The Appellants argue that under the agreement 

between Knoll and Uku, the profits from Yale would only be distributed to 

the parties after 10% of the profits had been “plowed back” into Yale. Id. 

The Appellants assert that Knoll would only be entitled to a 49% share of the 

remaining 90% and thus, the trial court erred in finding the total profits at 

issue to be $288,548.35 in rendering the verdict. Id. The Appellants claim 

that Knoll’s share of the profits should have been $127,008.00. Id.

Here, the agreement stated the following in relevant part:

3. On projects undertaken by us through [Yale], profits after all 

project[-]related expenses will be allocated as follows:

a. 10% will be plowed back into [Yale;]

b. The rest of the profits will be divided with 51 percent to 

[Uku] and 49 percent to [Knoll].

Agreement, 8/4/04, at 1-2 (unnumbered).

The Appellants do not dispute that a total of $288,548.35 was 

transferred from Yale to Uku and Exico. See Brief for Appellants at 9; see 

also N.T., 3/12/14, at 110-14 (wherein Knoll, citing to Exhibit J, which 

summarized the transfers and withdrawals by Uku and Exico, stated that a 
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total of over $288,000 was taken improperly from Yale). The trial court 

found that although the contract between the parties “provided that only 

90% of the profits were to be distributed to [Knoll] and Uku, Yale was 

defunct at the time of trial and [Knoll] is therefore entitled to 49% of the 

entire amount converted by Uku and Exico, plus interest.” Trial Court 

Opinion, 2/13/15, at 4 (emphasis in original). The trial court utilized the 

interest calculation on the funds taken between 2008 and 2012, as set forth 

in Knoll’s Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, to establish that 

the interest owed totaled $33,564.19. See id. at 2; Findings of Fact and 

Conclusions of Law, 6/11/14, at 38. 

Here, because Yale is no longer a functioning business and 10% of the 

profits could not be plowed back into Yale, the trial court properly 

determined that the profits should be distributed to the shareholders of the 

company. Further, there is record support for the Appellants’ claim that 

they, alone, are entitled to keep the 10% of profits that would have been 

reinvested into Yale. Moreover, the Appellants have failed to demonstrate 

that the trial court’s calculation as to the profits and interest owed to Knoll 

was manifestly erroneous.5 See J.J. DeLuca Co., 56 A.3d at 410. Thus, 

the trial court’s distribution of the profits to Uku and Knoll in the amount 

 

5 The Appellants have not provided an alternative interest calculation. 

Instead, in their brief, the Appellants simply argue that the award was more 

than $30,000 too high, without any reference to the interest calculation. 

See Brief for Appellants at 10 n.1. Accordingly, the Appellants have failed to 

demonstrate an error in this calculation.
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specified by the agreement is supported by the record and its legal 

conclusion is sound. 

We will address the Appellants’ next two claims together, as they both 

relate to alleged expenses incurred by Yale. In their second claim, the 

Appellants contend that the trial court’s amended verdict failed to account 

for “direct expenses” incurred by Yale. Brief for Appellants at 11. The 

Appellants argue that Yale only worked on five projects between 2008 and 

2011, and that to complete the projects, Yale was required to pay 

employees’ wages, cost of materials, insurance costs, and union 

contributions. Id. at 11-12. The Appellants assert that the total gross 

profits after, deducting these “direct expenses,” would have been 

$169,157.19. Id. at 12-13.

In their third claim, the Appellants contend that the trial court’s 

amended verdict erroneously failed to account for “indirect expenses” 

incurred by Yale, including tax obligations, administrative expenses, office 

rental costs, bidding, and billing. Id. at 14. The Appellants argue that Uku, 

who has been involved in the construction industry since 1983, utilized 

accepted industry standards in determining these expenses. Id. at 14-15. 

The Appellants claim that as a result of the “indirect expenses,” Yale actually 

suffered net losses in the amount of $42,269.82. Id. at 15.

Here, the Appellants rely solely upon Uku’s testimony and an exhibit 

titled “Total Gross Profit Summary,” which identified Yale’s profits and 
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expenses.6 See N.T., 3/12-13/14, at 165-84. However, the trial court 

found Uku to be “an evasive witness whose testimony was often 

contradictory.” Trial Court Opinion, 2/13/15, at 4. Moreover, the Appellants 

have not demonstrated that the exhibit upon which Uku based his testimony 

was an accurate summary of Yale’s revenues and expenses. See Pa.R.A.P. 

2119(a); see also Trial Court Opinion, 2/13/15, at 4 (stating that the 

records that Uku “maintained on behalf of Yale contained numerous 

errors.”); id. at 5 (finding that the gross revenues stated in the exhibit were 

not supported by reliable evidence). In point of fact, the Appellants vouched 

for the accuracy of Yale’s QuickBooks7 detailed records, which were 

introduced at trial as Exhibit J and extensively set forth the Yale’s revenues 

and expenses. See N.T., 3/12-13/14, at 109-10; see also Coleman v. 

Wyeth Pharm., Inc., 6 A.3d 502, 524 (Pa. Super. 2010) (stating that 

 

6 This exhibit was provided to Knoll the day before trial. See N.T., 3/12-

13/14, at 7; see also Trial Court Opinion, 2/13/15, at 4 (noting that the 

Appellants “were guilty of repeated discovery violations.”). The exhibit 

included a detailed breakdown of the costs and profits of the Meadows 

project; however, the remaining projects only included a single line 

indicating the totals of the costs and profits. See Total Gross Profit 

Summary, at 1-3 (unnumbered). Uku testified that the exhibit was 

incomplete and filed late because of time and money constraints, and 

because various documents had been destroyed. See N.T., 3/12-13/14, at 

238-39, 344-47; see also Clark v. Philadelphia Coll. of Osteopathic 

Med., 693 A.2d 202, 204 (Pa. Super. 1997) (stating that “[w]here evidence 

which would properly be part of a case is within the control of the party in 

whose interest it would naturally be to produce it, and, without satisfactory 

explanation he fails to do so,” an inference that it was unfavorable to the 

party may be drawn).

 

7 QuickBooks, a Microsoft-based software product, is an accounting system 

used by small construction companies. N.T., 3/12-13/14, at 109.
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“[s]tatements of fact by one party in pleadings, stipulations, testimony, and 

the like, made for that party’s benefit, are termed judicial admissions and 

are binding on the party.”). The QuickBooks records demonstrated that 

contrary to the Appellants’ arguments, Yale was paying all of its expenses, 

and that the direct and indirect expenses did not require a payment from the 

profits. See Trial Court Opinion, 2/13/15, at 4. Thus, based upon the 

foregoing, we conclude that the Appellants have failed to meet their burden 

in demonstrating that the trial court erred in rendering the amended verdict. 

See id. (stating that “[w]hile it may be that further expenses were incurred 

by Yale, they were not satisfactorily shown at trial by either Uku’s testimony 

or [the Appellants’] documentary evidence.”).

In their fourth claim, the Appellants contend that trial court improperly 

ignored the testimony of Fred Episcopo (“Episcopo”), President of Wyatt, Inc. 

Brief for Appellants at 16, 17 n.4. The Appellants argue that Episcopo, who 

has worked in the construction industry for more than forty years, testified 

that to calculate profits, it was proper to deduct direct and indirect expenses 

from the gross profits. Id. at 17 n.4. The Appellants assert that Episcopo 

“scoffed” at Knoll’s calculation of profits as Yale would have generated a 

29.66% profit margin. Id. at 16. The Appellants claim Episcopo’s testimony 

indicates that the profit margin for most construction companies is between 

5% and 10%, and that the award to Knoll should have been much lower. 

Id. at 16-17.
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Here, the Appellants again rely upon the “Total Gross Profit Summary” 

to demonstrate that Yale had gross profits of $970,889.61, and thus a profit 

margin of 29.66%, based upon the award to Knoll. Appellants’ Proposed 

Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, 6/11/14, at 1-3. However, the trial 

court found that the Appellants’ “29% profit figure used in their questioning 

of Episcopo was based on gross revenues of $970,889.61, a figure [the 

Appellants] failed to establish with reliable evidence.” Trial Court Opinion, 

2/13/15, at 5. Moreover, the trial court was not bound to accept all of 

Episcopo’s testimony in this regard. See id. (stating that the court is not 

“bound to accept all of the testimony of any witness, expert, or otherwise.”); 

see also J.J. DeLuca Co., 56 A.3d at 410. We will not disturb the trial 

court’s credibility findings and conclude that the Appellants’ claim is without 

merit.

In their final claim, the Appellants contend that the trial court 

improperly ignored the fact that Knoll did not “undertake” or provide “work 

on joint projects” for Yale, in violation of the agreement. Brief for Appellants 

at 18-20. The Appellants argue that Uku obtained all of the business for 

Yale and that Knoll had no role in any of the projects. See id.; see also id. 

at 19 (wherein the Appellants assert that Knoll was unaware that Yale had 

been hired to conduct work on two separate projects).

Knoll testified that he was involved in all of the projects undertaken by 

Yale. See N.T., 3/12-13/14, at 93; see also id. (stating that the agreement 
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reflected that “any projects that had the Yale name on it were [Uku] and 

[Knoll’s] projections. This was the memorialization of that concept.”). The 

trial court found Knoll’s testimony to be credible, and that Knoll was entitled 

to 49% of the profits, as stated under the agreement. See Trial Court 

Opinion, 2/13/15, at 6; see also id. (interpreting the phrase “projects 

undertaken by us through Yale” in the agreement to be “Yale’s projects 

[that] were, by definition, projects undertaken ‘by us,’ i.e., the sole 

shareholders of Yale.”). We will not disturb the trial court’s factual findings, 

as they are supported in the record, and conclude that the Appellants’ final 

claim is without merit.

In his brief, Knoll asks this Court to award counsel fees pursuant to 

Pa.R.A.P. 2744, claiming that the Appellants’ arguments on appeal are 

frivolous. Brief for Appellee at 41-45.

Rule 2744 provides that:

an appellate court may award as further costs[,] damages as 

may be just, including ... a reasonable counsel fee ... if it 

determines that an appeal is frivolous or taken solely for delay or 

that the conduct of the participant against whom costs are to be 

imposed is dilatory, obdurate or vexatious. The appellate court 

may remand the case to the trial court to determine the amount 

of damages authorized by this rule.

Pa.R.A.P. 2744.

Essentially, Knoll argues that he is entitled to counsel fees because of 

the Appellants’ conduct throughout the pendency of the case and the fact 

that their arguments on appeal solely consist of challenges to the trial 
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court’s credibility determinations. While we agree with Knoll regarding the 

Appellants’ arguments on appeal, we do not find that the Appellants’ 

decision to appeal this case necessitates an award of counsel fees under 

Rule 2744. Moreover, the Appellants’ conduct following the filing of the 

Complaint and at trial does not invite relief under Rule 2744. Thus, we 

decline to grant Knoll counsel fees.

Judgment affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 1/19/2016