# U n i t e d S t a t e s C o u r t o f A pp e a l s

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No . 1 9 -1 5 83

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Un i t ed St at es o f Am eri ca

l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l Pl a i n t i

f f - Ap pel l ee

v

.

Bry an Lee Greg o ry

l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l Def

en da n t - Ap pel l an t

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Ap p eal fro m

Un i t ed St at es Di s t ri ct Co u rt
fo r t h e W es t ern Di s t ri ct o f M i s s o u ri - Sp ri n g fi el d

_

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Su b m i t t ed : Decem

ber 1 3 , 2 0 19

Fi l ed : Decem

b er 2 6 , 2 0 1 9 [Un pu b l is h ed ]

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Befo re BENTON, KELLY, an d GRASZ, Ci rcu i t J u d g es

.

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PER CURIAM

.

Bry an Greg o ry ap p eal s aft er h e p l ed g u i l t y t o a fi rearm o ffen se; an d t h e d i s t ri ct

co u rt 1 s en t en ced h im t o t h e s t at u t o ry -m ax i m u m p ri so n term

. Greg o ry h as b een

1 Th e H o n o rab l e St ep h e n R

. Bo u g h

, Un i t ed St at es Di s tri ct J u d g e fo r t h e W es t ern Di s t ri ct o f M is s o u ri

.g r a n t e d l e a v e t o p ro ceed p ro s e, an d h as fi l ed b ri efs arg u i n g hi s co u n s el was

i n effect i v e; h is p l ea was i n v o l u n t ary ; an d t h e di s t ri ct co u rt erred i n den y i n g h i s

m o ti o n s t o wi t h d raw h i s p l ea an d t o s u p p res s ev i d en ce, an d i n im p o s i n g two Un i t ed

St at es Sen t en ci ng Gu id e l i n e s M an ual (“ G u i d el i n es ”) en h an cem en t s an d s p eci al

co n di t i o n s o f su p erv i s ed rel eas e. He al s o m o v e s t o s u p p l em en t t h e reco rd wi th

ev i d en ce rel at ed t o t h e s u p p res s i o n i s s u e.

In i t i al l y , we n o t e Gre g o ry ’ s p l ea ag reem en t co n t ai ned an ap p eal wai v er.

As s um i n g t h e ap p eal wai v er d o es n o t b ar t h i s ap peal

, t h is co u rt ad d res s es Greg o ry ’ s

arg u m en t s , ex cep t t h at we d ecl i n e t o co n si der Greg o ry ’ s i n effect i v e-as s i s t an ce cl ai m

o n d i rect ap p eal

. S

ee U n it ed S t a t es v. Ra mi r ez -Her na n dez

, 4 49 F.3 d 8 2 4

, 8 2 6 -2 7 (8 th

Ci r. 2 00 6 ) (h o l d in g i neffect i v e-as s i s t an ce cl ai m s are b es t l i t i g at ed in co l l at eral

p ro ceed in g s ).

W e co ncl u d e t h e p l ea co l l o q uy s h o ws Greg o ry k n o w i n g l y an d v o l u n t ari l y

en t ered h i s g ui l t y p l ea, an d t h e d i s t ri ct co u rt d i d n o t ab u s e it s d is cret i o n i n d en y i n g

h i s m ot i o n s t o wi t h d raw h i s gu i l t y pl ea. See Un i t ed S t a t es v. G r een , 5 2 1 F.3 d 9 2 9,

9 3 1 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 0 8 ) (co n si d eri n g wh et h er defen d an t es t ab li s h ed “ fai r an d ju s t” reas o n

t o wi th d raw p l ea aft er Fed

. R. Cri m

. P. 1 1 co l l o q u y ; rev i ewi n g fo r ab u s e o f d i s cret i o n

d eci s i o n to d en y m ot i o n t o w i t hd raw p l ea; an d rev i ewi n g d e n o v o wh et h er p l ea was

k n o wi n g an d v o lu nt ary ). Fu rt h erm o re, Greg o ry ’ s ch a l l e n g e t o t h e d en ial o f h i s

s u p p r e s s i o n m o t i o n i s fo recl o s ed b y h i s v al i d gu i l t y p l ea, s ee Un i t ed S t a t es v.

Mu r a t el la

, 8 4 3 F.3 d 7 8 0

, 78 3 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 6 ) (h o ld in g a val i d g u i l ty p l ea g en eral l y

“ fo recl o s es i nd ep en d en t cl ai m s rel at i n g t o t he d ep ri v at i o n o f co n s t i t u t i on al ri g h t s t h at

o c c u r r e d p r i o r to t he en t ry o f t h e g u i l t y p l ea”); an d hi s m o ti o n t o s u p p l em en t t h e

reco rd i s t h erefo re m o o t

.

W e al s o co ncl u d e th e d i s t ri ct co u rt d i d no t pl a i n l y err i n ap pl y i n g an

en h an cem en t u n d er U.S.S.G. § 3C1 .2

, g i v en t h at Greg o ry ag reed t o t h at en h an cem en t

i n t h e p l ea ag reem en t

. S

ee Un i ted S t a t es v. Ba r r et t

, 1 7 3 F.3 d 6 82

, 6 8 4 (8 t h Ci r. 1 9 9 9 )

-2

-(“ A d efen d an t m ay n ot ch al l en g e an ap p l icat i o n o f t h e Gu i d el i nes t o wh i ch he ag reed

i n a p l ea ag reem en t (u n l es s h e p ro v es t h e ag reem en t i n v al i d o r s u cceed s in

wi t h d rawi n g fro m i t).”); s ee a l s o Un i t ed S t a t es v. Ki r l i n , 8 5 9 F.3 d 5 3 9

, 54 3 (8 t h Ci r.

2 0 1 7 ) (s t at i n g t h i s co u rt rev i ews d i s t ri ct co urt ’ s ap p l i cat i on o f G u i d el i n es d e n o v o,

an d i t s fi n d i n gs o f fact fo r cl ear erro r; i f defen d an t fai l s t o ti m el y o b ject

, rev i ew i s fo r

p l ai n erro r). W e fu rt her co n cl u d e t h e d is t ri ct co u rt d i d no t err i n ap p l y i n g an

e n h a n c e m en t b as ed on Greg o ry ’ s co n du ct d uri n g an in ci d en t t h at was p art o f t h e

o ffen s e ch arg ed i n t h e in d i ct m en t

, an d du ri n g wh i ch

, he s t i p u l at ed

, h e h ad p o s s es s ed

t h e fi rearm

. S

ee U.S.S.G. § 3 A1 .2 (c)(1 ) (p erm i t t i n g 6

- l e v el en h an cem en t i f

d efen d an t

, d u ri n g co urs e o f o ffen s e o r i m m ed i at e fl i g ht t herefro m an d i n m an n er

creat i n g s u b s t an t i al ri s k o f s eri ou s b od i l y i n ju ry , as s au l t ed l aw en fo rcem en t o ffi cer).

Fi n al l y , we co n cl u d e t he d i s t ri ct co u rt d id no t ab u s e i t s d is cret i o n i n i m p o s i n g

t h e ch al l en ged sp eci al co n d it i o n s o f s u p erv i s ed rel eas e. S ee Un it ed S t at es v. Go d

f r ey , 8 6 3 F.3 d 1 0 8 8

, 1 1 01 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 7 ) (rev i ewi n g sp eci al co n d i t io n s o f s u p e r v i s ed

rel eas e fo r ab u s e of d i s cret i o n ); Un i t ed S t a tes v. W i ed o wer , 6 3 4 F.3 d 4 9 0 , 4 9 3 (8 th

Ci r. 2 0 1 1) (n o t in g s en t en ci n g co u rt h as b ro ad d i s cret i o n w h en i m p o si n g rel eas e

co n di t i o n s ; wh en craft i n g s peci al co nd i t i o n , co urt m u s t m ak e i n di v id u al i zed i n q u i ry

i n t o fact s an d ci rcu m s t an ces u n d erl y i n g cas e an d m ak e s u ffi ci en t fi n d i ng s o n reco rd

s o as t o en s u re co n d i t i on s at i s fi es s t at u t ory req u i rem en t s; pu rp o s es i n 1 8 U.S.C.

§ 3 55 3 (a) i n cl u d e p ro t ect i o n o f p u b l i c).

Acco rd i ng l y , we d en y Greg o ry ’ s m o t i o n t o s u p p l em en t t h e reco rd

, an d we

affi rm

.

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