I 

108TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 4053

To improve the workings of international organizations and multilateral 

institutions, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 29, 2004

Mr. LANTOS (for himself and Mr. DREIER) introduced the following bill; which 

was referred to the Committee on International Relations 

A BILL

To improve the workings of international organizations and 

multilateral institutions, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘United States Inter5 national Leadership Act of 2004’’. 

6 TITLE I—UNITED STATES 

7 INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP 

8 SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

9 The Congress makes the following findings: 
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1 (1) Decisions at many international organiza2 tions and other multilateral institutions, including 

3 membership and key positions, remain subject to de4 terminations made by regional groups where demo5 cratic states are often in the minority and where 

6 there is intensive cooperation among repressive re7 gimes. As a result, the United States has often been 

8 blocked in its attempts to take action in these insti9 tutions to advance its goals and objectives, including 

10 at the United Nations Human Rights Commission 

11 (where a representative of Libya was elected as 

12 chairman and the United States temporarily lost a 

13 seat). 

14 (2) In order to address these shortcomings, the 

15 United States must actively work to improve the 

16 workings of international organizations and multilat17 eral institutions, particularly by creating a caucus of 

18 democratic countries that will advance United States 

19 interests. In the second Ministerial Conference of 

20 the Community of Democracies in Seoul, Korea, on 

21 November 10–20, 2002, numerous countries rec22 ommended working together as a democracy caucus 

23 in international organizations such as the United 

24 Nations and ensuring that international and regional 
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1 institutions develop and apply democratic standards 

2 for member states. 

3 SEC. 102. ESTABLISHMENT OF A DEMOCRACY CAUCUS. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President of the United 

5 States, acting through the Secretary of State and the rel6 evant United States chiefs of mission, shall seek to estab7 lish a democracy caucus at the United Nations, the United 

8 Nations Human Rights Commission, the United Nations 

9 Conference on Disarmament, and at other broad-based 

10 international organizations. 

11 (b) PURPOSES OF THE CAUCUS.—A democracy cau12 cus at an international organization should—

13 (1) forge common positions, including, as ap14 propriate, at the ministerial level, on matters of con15 cern before the organization and work within and 

16 across regional lines to promote agreed positions; 

17 (2) work to revise an increasingly outmoded 

18 system of regional voting and decision making; and 

19 (3) set up a rotational leadership scheme to 

20 provide member states an opportunity, for a set pe21 riod of time, to serve as the designated president of 

22 the caucus, responsible for serving as its voice in 

23 each organization. 
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1 SEC. 103. ANNUAL DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS ON MULTILAT2 ERAL ISSUES. 

3 The Secretary of State, acting through the principal 

4 officers responsible for advising the Secretary on inter5 national organizations, shall ensure that a high-level dele6 gation from the United States Government, on an annual 

7 basis, is sent to consult with key foreign governments in 

8 every region in order to promote the United States agenda 

9 at key international fora, such as the United Nations Gen10 eral Assembly, United Nations Human Rights Commis11 sion, the United Nations Education, Science, and Cultural 

12 Organization, and the International Whaling Commission. 

13 SEC. 104. LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP OF INTER14 NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. 

15 (a) UNITED STATES POLICY.—The President, acting 

16 through the Secretary of State and the relevant United 

17 States chiefs of mission, shall use the voice, vote, and in18 fluence of the United States to—

19 (1) where appropriate, reform the criteria for 

20 leadership and, in appropriate cases for membership, 

21 at all United Nations bodies and at other inter22 national organizations and multilateral institutions 

23 to which the United States is a member so as to ex24 clude nations that violate the principles of the spe25 cific organization; 
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1 (2) make it a policy of the United Nations and 

2 other international organizations and multilateral in3 stitutions, of which the United States is a member, 

4 that a member state may not stand in nomination 

5 or be in rotation for a leadership position in such 

6 bodies if the member state is subject to sanctions 

7 imposed by the United Nations Security Council; 

8 and 

9 (3) work to ensure that no member state stand 

10 in nomination or be in rotation for a leadership posi11 tion in such organizations, or for membership of the 

12 United Nations Security Council, if the member 

13 state is subject to a determination under section 

14 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 

15 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, or section 6(j) 

16 of the Export Administration Act. 

17 (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 15 days 

18 after a country subject to a determination under section 

19 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 

20 of the Arms Export Control Act, or section 6(j) of the 

21 Export Administration Act of 1979 is selected for a lead22 ership post in an international organization of which the 

23 United States is a member or a membership of the United 

24 Nations Security Council, the Secretary of State shall sub-
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1 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

2 on any steps taken pursuant to subsection (a)(3). 

3 SEC. 105. INCREASED TRAINING IN MULTILATERAL DIPLO4 MACY. 

5 (a) TRAINING PROGRAMS.—Section 708 of the For6 eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended 

7 by adding after subsection (b) the following new sub8 section: 

9 ‘‘(c) TRAINING IN MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY.—

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab11 lish a series of training courses for officers of the 

12 Service, including appropriate chiefs of mission, on 

13 the conduct of diplomacy at international organiza14 tions and other multilateral institutions and at 

15 broad-based multilateral negotiations of inter16 national instruments. 

17 ‘‘(2) PARTICULAR PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 

18 shall ensure that the training described in paragraph 

19 (1) is provided at various stages of the career of 

20 members of the service. in particular, the Secretary 

21 shall ensure that after January 1, 2006—

22 ‘‘(A) officers of the Service receive training 

23 on the conduct of diplomacy at international or24 ganizations and other multilateral institutions 

25 and at broad-based multilateral negotiations of 
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1 international instruments as part of their train2 ing upon entry of the Service; and 

3 ‘‘(B) officers of the Service, including 

4 chiefs of mission, who are assigned to United 

5 States missions representing the United States 

6 to international organizations and other multi7 lateral institutions or who are assigned in 

8 Washington, D.C., to positions that have as 

9 their primary responsibility formulation of pol10 icy towards such organizations and institutions 

11 or towards participation in broad-based multi12 lateral negotiations of international instruments 

13 receive specialized training in the areas de14 scribed in paragraph (1) prior to beginning of 

15 service for such assignment or, if receiving such 

16 training at that time is not practical, within the 

17 first year of beginning such assignment.’’. 

18 (b) TRAINING FOR CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES.—

19 The Secretary shall ensure that employees of the Depart20 ment of State that are members of the civil service and 

21 that are assigned to positions described in section 708(c) 

22 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (as amended by this 

23 subtitle) have training described in such section. 

24 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 708 of 

25 such Act is further amended—
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1 (1) In subsection (a) by striking ‘‘(a) The’’ and 

2 inserting ‘‘(a) TRAINING ON HUMAN RIGHTS.—

3 The’’; and 

4 (2) In subsection (b) by striking ‘‘(b) The’’ and 

5 inserting ‘‘(b) TRAINING ON REFUGEE LAW AND

6 RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION.—The’’. 

7 SEC. 106. PROMOTING ASSIGNMENTS TO INTERNATIONAL 

8 ORGANIZATIONS. 

9 (a) PROMOTIONS.—

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 603(b) of the For11 eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4003) is 

12 amended by striking the period at the end and in13 serting: ‘‘, and shall consider whether the member of 

14 the Service has served in a position whose primary 

15 responsibility is to formulate policy towards or rep16 resent the United States at an international organi17 zation, a multilateral institution, or a broad-based 

18 multilateral negotiation of an international instru19 ment.’’. 

20 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made 

21 by paragraph (1) shall take effect January 1, 2011. 

22 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF A MULTILATERAL DIPLO23 MACY CONE IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE.—

24 (1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
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1 (A) The Department of State maintains a 

2 number of United States missions both within 

3 the United States and abroad that are dedi4 cated to representing the United States to 

5 international organizations and multilateral in6 stitutions, including missions in New York, 

7 Brussels, Geneva, Rome, Montreal, Nairobi, Vi8 enna, and Paris, and which are responsible for 

9 United States representation to the United Na10 tions Economics, Scientific and Cultural Orga11 nization (UNESCO) and the Organization on 

12 Economic Cooperation and Development 

13 (OECD). 

14 (B) In offices at the Harry S. Truman 

15 Building, the Department maintains a signifi16 cant number of positions in bureaus that are ei17 ther dedicated, or whose primary responsibility 

18 is, to represent the United States to such orga19 nizations and institutions or at multilateral ne20 gotiations. 

21 (C) Given the large number of positions in 

22 the United States and abroad that are dedi23 cated to multilateral diplomacy, the Department 

24 of State may be well served in developing per-
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1 sons with specialized skills necessary to become 

2 experts in this unique form of diplomacy. 

3 (2) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 

4 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

5 shall submit to the appropriate congressional com6 mittees a report—

7 (A) evaluating whether a new cone should 

8 be established for the Foreign Service that con9 centrates on members of the Service that serve 

10 at international organizations and multilateral 

11 institutions or are primarily responsible for par12 ticipation in broad-based multilateral negotia13 tions of international instruments; and 

14 (B) provides alternative mechanisms for 

15 achieving the objective of developing a core 

16 group of United States diplomats and other 

17 government employees who have expertise and 

18 broad experience in conducting multilateral di19 plomacy. 

20 SEC. 107. IMPLEMENTATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF OF21 FICE ON MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS. 

22 (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE.—The Secretary of 

23 State is authorized to establish, within the Bureau of 

24 International Organizational Affairs, an Office on Multi25 lateral Negotiations to be headed by a Special Representa-
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1 tive for Multilateral Negotiations (in this section referred 

2 to as the ‘‘special representative’’). 

3 (b) APPOINTMENT.—The special representative shall 

4 be appointed by the President with the advice and consent 

5 of the Senate and shall have the rank of Ambassador-at6 Large. At the discretion of the President another official 

7 at the Department may serve as the special representative. 

8 The President may direct that the special representative 

9 report to the Assistant Secretary for International Organi10 zations. 

11 (c) STAFFING.—The special representative shall have 

12 a staff of foreign service and civil service officers skilled 

13 in multilateral diplomacy. 

14 (d) DUTIES.—The special representative shall have 

15 the following responsibilities: 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The primary responsibility 

17 of the special representative shall be to assist in the 

18 organization of, and preparation for, United States 

19 participation in multilateral negotiations, including 

20 the advocacy efforts undertaken by the Department 

21 of State and other United States agencies. 

22 (2) ADVISORY ROLE.—The special representa23 tive shall advise the President and the Secretary of 

24 State, as appropriate, regarding advocacy at inter25 national organizations and multilateral institutions 
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1 and negotiations and, in coordination with the as2 sistant Secretary of State for international organiza3 tional affairs, shall make recommendations regard4 ing—

5 (A) effective strategies (and tactics) to 

6 achieve United States policy objectives at multi7 lateral negotiations; 

8 (B) the need for and timing of high level 

9 intervention by the President, the Secretary of 

10 State, the Deputy Secretary of State, and other 

11 United States officials to secure support from 

12 key foreign government officials for the United 

13 States position at such organizations, institu14 tions, and negotiations; 

15 (C) the composition of United States dele16 gations to multilateral negotiations; and 

17 (D) liaison with Congress, international or18 ganizations, nongovernmental organizations, 

19 and the private sector on matters affecting mul20 tilateral negotiations. 

21 (3) DEMOCRACY CAUCUS.—The special rep22 resentative, in coordination with the Assistant Sec23 retary for International Organizational Affairs, shall 

24 ensure the establishment of a democracy caucus. 
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1 (4) ANNUAL DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS OF MULTI2 LATERAL ISSUES.—The special representative, in co3 ordination with the Assistant Secretary for Inter4 national Organizational Affairs, shall organize an5 nual diplomatic missions to appropriate foreign 

6 countries to conduct consultations between principal 

7 officers responsible for advising the Secretary of 

8 State on international organizations and high-level 

9 representatives of the governments of such foreign 

10 countries to promote the United States agenda at 

11 the United Nations General Assembly and other key 

12 international fora (such as the United Nations 

13 Human Rights Commission). 

14 (5) LEADERSHIP AND MEMBERSHIP OF INTER15 NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.—The special representa16 tive, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary of 

17 International Organizational Affairs, shall direct the 

18 efforts of the United States Government to reform 

19 the criteria for leadership and membership of inter20 national organizations as described in section 104. 

21 (6) PARTICIPATION IN MULTILATERAL NEGO22 TIATIONS.—The special representative, or members 

23 of the special representative’s staff, may, as required 

24 by the President or the Secretary of State, serve on 
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1 a United States delegation to any multilateral nego2 tiation. 

3 (e) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 

4 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 

5 submit a plan to establish a democracy caucus to the ap6 propriate congressional committees. The report required 

7 by section 106(b)(2) may be submitted together with the 

8 report under this subsection. 

9 SEC. 108. DEFINITION. 

10 In this title, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional 

11 committees’’ means the Committee on International Rela12 tions of the House of Representatives and the Committee 

13 on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 

14 TITLE II—MISCELLANEOUS 

15 PROVISIONS 

16 SEC. 201. REPORTS RELATING TO MAGEN DAVID ADOM SO17 CIETY. 

18 (a) FINDINGS.—Section 690(a) of the Foreign Rela19 tions Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 

20 107–228) is amended by adding at the end the following: 

21 ‘‘(5) Since the founding of the Magen David 

22 Adom in 1930, the American Red Cross has re23 garded it as a sister national society forging close 

24 working ties between the two societies and has con25 sistently advocated recognition and membership of 
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1 the Magen David Adom in the International Red 

2 Cross and Red Crescent Movement. 

3 ‘‘(6) The American Red Cross and Magen 

4 David Adom signed an important memorandum of 

5 understanding in November 2002, outlining areas 

6 for strategic collaboration, and the American Red 

7 Cross will encourage other societies to establish simi8 lar agreements with Magen David Adom.’’. 

9 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Section 690(b) of such 

10 Act is amended—

11 (1) in paragraph (3) after the semicolon by 

12 striking ‘‘and’’; 

13 (2) by redesignating paragraph (4) as para14 graph (5); and 

15 (3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol16 lowing new paragraph: 

17 ‘‘(4) the High Contracting Parties to the Gene18 va Conventions of August 12, 1949, should adopt 

19 the October 12, 2000, draft additional protocol 

20 which would accord international recognition to an 

21 additional distinctive emblem; and’’. 

22 (c) REPORT.—Section 690 of such Act is further 

23 amended by adding at the end the following: 

24 ‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

25 of the enactment of the United States International Lead-
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1 ership Act of 2004, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 

2 of State shall submit a report, on a classified basis if nec3 essary, to the appropriate congressional committees de4 scribing—

5 ‘‘(1) efforts by the United States to obtain full 

6 membership for the Magen David Adom in the 

7 International Red Cross Movement; 

8 ‘‘(2) efforts by the International Committee of 

9 the Red Cross to obtain full membership for the 

10 Magen David Adom in the International Red Cross 

11 Movement; 

12 ‘‘(3) efforts of the High Contracting Parties to 

13 the Geneva Convention of 1949 to adopt the October 

14 12, 2000, draft additional protocol; and 

15 ‘‘(4) the extent to which the Magen David 

16 Adom of Israel is participating in the activities of 

17 the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Move18 ment.’’. 

19 SEC. 202. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATION 

20 OF AMERICAN STATES. 

21 There are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 

22 for a United States voluntary contribution to the Organi23 zation of American States for the Inter-American Com24 mittee Against Terrorism (CICTE) to identify and develop 

25 a port in the Latin American and Caribbean region into 
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1 a model of best security practices and appropriate tech2 nologies for improving port security in the Western Hemi3 sphere. Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this 

4 section are authorized to remain available until expended 

5 and are in addition to amounts otherwise available to 

6 carry out section 301 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

7 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2221). 

8 SEC. 203. COMBATTING THE PIRACY OF UNITED STATES 

9 COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS. 

10 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi11 tion to such amounts as may otherwise be authorized to 

12 be appropriated for such purpose, there are authorized to 

13 be appropriated for the Department of State, $10,000,000 

14 to carry out the following activities in countries that are 

15 not members of the Organization for Economic Coopera16 tion and Development (OECD): 

17 (1) Provision of equipment and training for for18 eign law enforcement, including in the interpretation 

19 of intellectual property laws. 

20 (2) Training for judges and prosecutors, includ21 ing in the interpretation of intellectual property 

22 laws. 

23 (3) Assistance in complying with obligations 

24 under appropriate international copyright and intel25 lectual property treaties and agreements. 
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1 (b) CONSULTATION WITH WORLD INTELLECTUAL

2 PROPERTY ORGANIZATION.—In carrying out subsection 

3 (a), the Department of State should make every effort to 

4 consult with, and provide appropriate assistance to, the 

5 World Intellectual Property Organization to promote the 

6 integration of non-OECD countries into the global intel7 lectual property system.

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