NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

VIKRAM GILL, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

IKEBAL S. GILL, 

Defendant-Appellee, 

and 

RANI B. GILL; et al., 

Defendants.

No. 16-56271 

D.C. No. 

3:15-cv-00085-H-JLB 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of California

Marilyn L. Huff, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted February 7, 2018

**

Pasadena, California

Before: CALLAHAN and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and BATAILLON,***

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable Joseph F. Bataillon, United States District Judge for 

the District of Nebraska, sitting by designation.

FILED

FEB 9 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 16-56271 

District Judge.

Vikram Gill appeals the district court’s entry of monetary sanctions for 

violation of the court’s discovery orders. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 

U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

1. Vikram Gill failed to appear for five noticed depositions in this case—

three of which were court-ordered. Vikram cancelled the depositions on short 

notice, even after having been warned that failing to appear would result in 

sanctions. The district court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Vikram’s 

latter three failures to appear were not “substantially justified,” but instead were 

“frivolous” and “avoidable,” and awarding sanctions of attorneys’ fees on that 

basis. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(C), (d)(3) (providing for costs and attorneys’ 

fees incurred in connection with violation of court orders and failures to appear for 

deposition if the violation is not substantially justified); Hyde & Drath v. Baker, 24 

F.3d 1162, 1172 (9th Cir. 1994) (upholding district court’s finding that defendants’ 

failures to appear for deposition were not substantially justified where there was no 

“good faith dispute” concerning their obligation to appear); Lew v. Kona Hosp., 

754 F.2d 1420, 1426 (9th Cir. 1985) (holding “[t]he district judge was plainly 

acting within his discretion in ordering the payment of attorneys’ fees and costs” 

for party’s failure to appear for deposition and that the failure was not substantially 

justified even though the defendant did not have local counsel to represent him at 
3 16-56271 

such a deposition).

2. Vikram Gill also failed to timely produce documents in response to 

Ikebal Gill’s discovery requests, in violation of a court order. The district court’s 

award of attorneys’ fees associated with the late discovery responses was not an 

abuse of discretion. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(C); Toth v. Trans World Airlines, 

Inc., 862 F.2d 1381, 1384–85 (9th Cir. 1988).

3. All of the fees awarded related to the cancelled depositions and 

document production failures, the motions to compel or dismiss based on the same, 

and other actions necessitated by Vikram Gill’s discovery violations. The district 

court did not abuse its discretion in finding that the rates were reasonable and 

awarding those fees. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(C), (d)(3); Hyde, 24 F.3d at 1170 

(upholding fees awarded under Rule 37(b)(2), including for motion drafting, where 

defendant’s failure required plaintiff “to seek further court orders”); Toth, 862 F.2d 

at 1386; see also Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Haeger, 137 S. Ct. 1178, 1186 

n.5 (2017).

4. Vikram Gill did not oppose the district court’s grant of dismissal as a 

sanction. Even if appeal of the dismissal were not therefore waived, it was not an 

abuse of discretion. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(A)(v), (d), 41(b); Stars’ Desert 

Inn Hotel & Country Club, Inc. v. Hwang, 105 F.3d 521, 524 (9th Cir. 1997) 

(holding district court did not abuse its discretion by dismissing plaintiffs’ case as 
4 16-56271 

sanction for failure to appear for deposition where plaintiff had failed to appear on 

numerous occasions and monetary sanctions had previously been imposed but not 

paid); In re Exxon Valdez, 102 F.3d 429, 432–33 (9th Cir. 1996).

AFFIRMED.