Completed Research Regarding

The Accuracy and Reliability of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

OSAC BPA Research Task Group March 1, 2021

1. Behrooz, N. Bloodstain pattern analysis of determination of point of origin (BSc dissertation), 

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 2009.

2. Buck, U., B. Kneubeuhl, S. Nather, N. Albertini, L. Schmidt, and M Thali. 3D Bloodstain Pattern 

Analysis: Ballistic Reconstruction of the Trajectories of Blood Drops and Determination of the 

Centres of Origin of the Bloodstains, FSI, 206 (2011): 22-28.

3. Camana, Francesco. Determining the Area of Convergence in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: A 

Probabilistic Approach, FSI 231, no. 1-3 (2013): 131-36.

4. Carter, A.L. and Podworny, E.J., Bloodstain pattern analysis with a scientific calculator, Journal of 

the Canadian Society of Forensic Science 24, no. 1 (1991): 37-42.

5. Carter, A.L., The Directional Analysis of Bloodstain Patterns: Theory and Experimental Validation. 

Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science, 2001. 34(4): p. 173-189.

6. Carter, A.L., Further Validation of the BackTrack TM Computer Program for Bloodstain Pattern 

Analysis - Precision and Accuracy. International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts News, 

2005. 21(3): p. 15-22.

7. Carter, A.L., et al., Validation of the BackTrackTM Suite of Programs for Bloodstain Pattern 

Analysis. Journal of Forensic Identification, 2006. 56(2): p. 242-254.

8. Castello, A., M. Alvarez, and F. Verdú. Accuracy, Reliability, and Safety of Luminol in Bloodstain 

Investigation. Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science 35, no. 3 (2002): 113-21.

9. Connolly, C., M. Illes, and J. Fraser. Affect of Impact Angle Variations on Area of Origin 

Determination in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. FSI 223, no. 1-3 (2012): 233-40. 

10. de Bruin, K.G., R.D. Stoel, and J.C. Limborgh, Improving the point of origin determination in 

bloodstain pattern analysis. J Forensic Sci, 2011. 56(6): p. 1476-82.

11. Hakim, Nashad, and Eugene Liscio. Calculating Point of Origin of Blood Spatter Using Laser 

Scanning Technology, JFS 60, no. 2 (2015): 409-17. 

12. Hulse-Smith, L., and M. Illes. A Blind Trial Evaluation of a Crime Scene Methodology for 

Deducting Impact Velocity and Droplet Size from Circular Bloodstains, JFS 52, no. 1 (2007): 65-69.

13. Illes, M.B. and Boue, M. Investigation of a model for stain selection in bloodstain pattern 

analysis. Canadian Society of Forensic Science 44, no. 1 (2011):1-12.

14. Illes, M.B., et al., Use of the BackTrackTM Computer Program for Bloodstain Pattern Analysis of 

Stains from Downward-Moving Drops. Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science, 2005. 

38(4): p. 213-218.

15. Illes, M. and Boue, M., Robust estimation for area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis via 

directional analysis. Forensic Sci Int, 2013. 226(1-3): p. 223-9.

16. Joris, P., et al., Hemovision: An Automated and Virtual Approach to Bloodstain Pattern Analysis,

FSI 251, (2015): 116-23. 

17. Laber TL, Taylor MC, Kish PE. The Reliability of Current Methods of Sequencing Bloodstain 

Patterns. The Journal of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. 2014;30(1):10.
18. Laber TL, Kish PE, Taylor MC, Owen GW, Osborne N, Curran J. Reliability Assessment of Current

Methods in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: National Institute of Justice; 2014, Document Number 

247180.

19. Larkin, Bethany A. J., and Craig E. Banks. Preliminary Study on the Effect of Heated Surfaces Upon 

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. JFS 58, no. 5 (2013): 1289-96. 

20. Laturnus, P., Measurement Survey. International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts 

News, 1994. 10(3): p. 14-32

21. Maloney, A., et al., One sided impact spatter and area-of-origin calculations Journal of Forensic 

Identification, 2011. 61(2): p. 123-135.

22. Meneses, B.N., P.E. Kish, and B.J. Gestring, A Preliminary Study of the Error Rate Associated with 

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, presented at 61st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of 

Forensic Sciences. 2009: Denver, CO. In preparation.

23. Osborne, N.K.P., Taylor, M.C., and Zajac, R., Exploring the role of contextual information in 

bloodstain pattern analysis: A qualitative approach, FSI, 2016: p. 1-8.

24. Osborne, N.K.P., Taylor, M.C., Healey, M. and Zajac, R., Bloodstain pattern classification: 

Accuracy, effect of contextual information and the role of analysts characteristics, Science and 

Justice, 2016: 123-128.

25. Osborne, N. K. P. and M. C. Taylor (2018). "Contextual information management: An example of 

independent-checking in the review of laboratory-based bloodstain pattern analysis." Sci Justice 

58(3): 226-231.

26. Reynolds, M. and Raymond, M.A., New bloodstain measurement process using Microsoft Excel 

2003 Autoshapes, JFI 58, no. 4 (2008): 453-468.

27. Reynolds, M. et al., Bloodstain measurement using computer-fitted theoretical ellipses: A study 

in accuracy and precision, JFI 58, no. 4 (2008): 469-484.

28. Ristenpart, W., et al., Quantitative Analysis of High Velocity Bloodstain Patterns, 2013, National 

Institute of Justice: U.S. Department of Justice.

29. Rowe, W.F. Errors in the determination of the point of origin of bloodstains, FSI 161, no. 1: 47-51

30. Sant, S. P., and Fairgrieve, S.I.. Exsanguinated Blood Volume Estimation Using Fractal Analysis of 

Digital Images, JFS 57, no. 3 (2012): 610-7. 

31. Wells, J.K., Investigation of Factors Affecting the Region of Origin Estimate in Bloodstain Pattern 

Analysis, in Physics2006, University of Canterbury: Christchurch.