Old Title: Augmented Logistics and Supply Chains 

Proposed New Title: Augmented Logistics and Smart Supply Chains 

Scope: Leveraging IoT for global supply chain logistics focused on tracking goods from design, 

production, distribution, delivery, and end use. The logistics process will consider various 

levels of automation relative to the capability maturity of enterprises all the way up to

digitalization of logistics workflows. These will include provenance and traceability of physical 

objects and data linked to identifiers to deliver assets with trusted information and security 

for the benefit of suppliers, consumers, distributors, operators, logistics companies, 

businesses, and all stakeholders (personas) in the value chain and industry ecosystems. Varied 

levels of security and trust for traceability will be considered for enterprises and global 

markets, as well as digital threads to regulate market preference, access, and usage compliant 

to new regulations, in ways that maximize national security and economic prosperity.

The purpose of the diagram is to illustrate a concept of the scope and is subject to change 

SUPPLY CHAIN LOGISTICS SECTION

1. Definition of IoT devices and systems supporting augmented logistics and supply chain 

management operations

a. Types of devices and systems

i. RFID antennas and readers

ii. RFID gateways

iii. GPS related components

iv. Discuss and add others here

2. Background and history of IoT use in logistics and supply chain

a. Current state of IoT in supply chain

i. Devices – most common IoT devices for most common use cases

ii. Implementation and Adoption Across Industry
1. Logistics and Distribution including Trucking and Warehousing

2. Manufacturing

3. Others – decide on common supply chain components or try to map to 

SCOR model (Plan, Order, Source, Transform, Fulfill, Return) (graphic?)

iii. Connectivity specific to supply chain use cases (WiFi, BLE, 5G, LoRaWAN, others)

iv. Global implications due to nature of supply chains

b. Representative examples of use cases

i. Track and Trace

ii. Inventory Management

iii. Medical cold chain (vaccine distribution)

iv. Others for discussion and to add here

c. Documented benefits – reference to existing implementations if possible

d. Documented barriers and challenges on previous implementations (if possible and can 

be referenced)

3. Future state of IoT in supply chain

a. Significant and transformative potential use cases (examples) 

i. Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) – impact on supply chain

ii. Increase in Machine to Machine (M2M) communication

iii. Predictive Maintenance impact on asset management and parts supply

iv. Perpetual Inventory Management – all inventory across enterprise tracked all 

the time

v. Advanced data analytics based on ubiquitous IoT data

vi. Interoperability

vii. Others for discussion and to add here

b. Anticipated benefits based on advances in IoT

c. Barriers to future adoption and advances

i. Equipment specific barriers

ii. Persona specific barriers (change management at enterprise level)

iii. Applicable broad overall barriers (to be identified elsewhere in report and can 

be tied to supply chain here)

4. Recommendations specific to augmented supply chain

a. Investment or other action by federal government

i. Infrastructure

ii. Standards definition and compliance enforcement (if needed)

iii. Incentives to speed adoption

iv. Education and act as convener of stakeholders

b. Investment by industry vertical

i. Device or system implementation where applicable (this may be overreach for 

this report – for discussion) 

ii. Incentives to speed adoption

iii. Monetization – discuss and research methodology; could be derived from data 

availability, data sharing, ability to differentiate product or service

iv. ROI based
c. Other recommendations related to implementation or deployment and not related to 

investment 

5. Proposed Speakers

a. Establishment of Vaccine management transport and storage and refrigeration - Mike 

Hineline https://www.linkedin.com/in/mike-hineline-069ba143/

b. Speakers: Aruna Anand, Continental – Addressed Automotive challenges with best 

practices https://www.linkedin.com/in/aruna-anand-3566ba28/ 

c. Angela Fernandez, GS1 global standards and GLN

6. References 

a. Supply Chain Logistics https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/business-functionsblog/resilient-supply-chain 

b. Supply Chain Operational Reference Model 

https://scor.ascm.org/processes/introduction 

c. GS1 global standards presentation

SUPPLY CHAIN TRACEABILITY SECTION

Linking Global Supply Chain Topics on Logistics with Supply Chain Traceability

Classic Logistics and Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is focused on AVAILABILITY of any asset

• Do I have enough sources of supply, 

• Are there enough lines on communication/transport... 

• Can I ensure users will have “parts” available to perform his mission / role in the supply chain... 

• How to maximize supply chain resilience (ensure adequate supply for JIT manufacturing) 

Cyber-SCRM and traceability adds the aspects of CONFIDENTIALITY & INTEGRITY of any asset: 

• Is my information and supply chain partners’ data protected

• Does the product moved functions as intended (mainly electronics products) 

• Is the product received trusted, secure and not tampered (more than track & trace needed)

• Is the product delivered not ending up in adversaries (IP theft and chips in enemy weapons)

IoT Devices/Systems can be involved in these processes and are themselves products which must 

consider Classic Log-SCRM and Cyber-SCRM in their own development. IoT devices/systems can be 

compromised in their development lifecycle, which in-turn is a vulnerability in the manufacturing or 

transport process. So, traceability capabilities can be augmented underneath the logistics layer

How to distinguish between IoT Device into IoT System (or something like that denoting a complex 

system in IIoT consisting of IT (servers, routers, switches) and OT (SCADA, IPC, PLC, I/O) plus sensors.

1. Definition of IoT devices or IoT Systems supporting global supply chain traceability 

a. Types of IoT Devices (any connected device and sub-components used in IoT Systems) 

i. Industrial – IPCs, PLCs, I/O Modules, Sensors, SCADA, etc. 
ii. Automotive – ECUs, CAMs, Alarms, ADAS, Infotainment, Telematics, etc. 

iii. Aerospace – Avionics, Flight Control, GPS, Radar, Guidance, etc. 

iv. Medical – Wearables, Monitors (EKG, Blood, Glycose), Pacemakers, etc. 

v. Agriculture – Sensors (Crop, Soil), Drones, Systems (Irrigation, Weather, etc.)

vi. Consumer – Smart Home (Locks, Appliances, Meters), Trackers, etc. 

vii. Communications – Phones, modems, radios, 5G, gear, routers, switches, etc. 

viii. Computing – Servers, Routers, Storage, GPU/AI Accelerators, etc. to the extent 

that they support traceability as part of a broad IoT system or IIoT solution

ix. Discuss and add others here

2. Background and history of supply chain traceability for assets including IoT Devices 

a. Limited on no supply chain provenance and global traceability of device assets and data

i. Supply chain disaggregation drives vast attack surface threats and vulnerabilities

ii. Security vulnerabilities in Design, manufacturing, packaging, delivery, field use 

iii. IoT Device security pervasive in only a few verticals (DRM, Smartcards, etc.)

iv. Untrusted devices produce untrusted data (risks, plus untrusted AI applications)

v. No linkage among process and asset IDs creating end-to-end digital thread

vi. Digitalization of Design & Production functions lagging vs. HR, Finance, Sales

vii. Lack of awareness on security of IoT Devices, Electronics and IoT supply chain

viii. Limited investments to incentivize policies and market behavior on traceability

ix. Discuss and add others here

b. Representative Use Cases on Threats and Vulnerabilities

i. Tampering and Cloning

ii. Counterfeiting ($3 trillion in 2022)

iii. Security and Traceability (linked to manage supply chain attacks)

“Refer to this article, how supply chain security & traceability are tightly coupled

Vulnerabilities in the supply chain mean that Cybercriminals can target any IoT

markets via the contractors, sub-contractors, and suppliers at all tiers of the 

supply chain. Compounding the complexity of securing the supply chain is that 

vulnerabilities may be introduced at any phase of the product life cycle: design, 

production, distribution, acquisition, deployment, maintenance, and disposal. 

iv. Mirai Botnet (Security and traceability)

v. Supermicro Hack (Disputed, concept on traceability)

vi. BLU Third Party Collection of Data (Security and traceability article link)

vii. Western Chips in Drones (Ukraine article link and Iran article link) 

viii. The Kojima-Toyota Incident Supply Chain Attack (article link) 

ix. Colonial Pipeline Operations (Security related to SBOM traceability) 

x. Stuxnet (Security related to HBOM and traceability related to SBOM) 

xi. Add other threats (non-electronics related) here

c. Global implications due to nature of Electronics / IoT supply chains

i. 65% of device assemblies are done in Asia 

ii. No customs control, no identifiers for components

iii. Vast attack surface enables major nation state attacks

d. Representative Use Case Examples and Benefits of Traceability (Any assets) 

i. Food & Drug Safety
ii. Counterfeit Prevention

iii. Sustainability (sourcing, monitoring)

iv. Product Recalls

v. Logistics Optimization

vi. Trusted Materials Sourcing

vii. Discuss and add others here

3. Future state of IoT enabled supply chain traceability 

a. Barriers to future adoption and advances needed 

i. Interoperability across a complex, diverse supply chain network

ii. Data assurance (via a continuous, verifiable, traceable digital thread)

iii. Security of processes, technology, and stakeholders across the supply chain

iv. Market preference for assured supply from domestic and allied suppliers

v. Certificate Authority linked to physical products and traceability data

vi. Enterprise change management and Persona-specific barriers

vii. Others for discussion and to add here

b. Significant and transformative potential use cases (examples)

i. Enterprise-level digitalization of People, Processes, Assets (incl. Technology)

ii. Cryptographic linking of receivables, process, deliverables in all value chains

iii. Process & asset IDs plus Trust Scores related to provenance, chain of custody

iv. Platform identities, certificates, attestation for tracking, tracing, and servicing

v. Linking physical & digital assets (HBOM, SBOM, DBOM) with product lifecycles

1. Digital paper trail relation to US Cybersecurity labeling and EU Digital Passports 

2. Digital thread for traceability of all materials and data that can create value

vi. Others for discussion and to add here

c. Anticipated benefits based on advances enabled by IoT Solutions 

i. Product-as-a-Service, subscription-based business models, new revenue streams

ii. Product optimization, predictive maintenance, digital twins, data-driven services

iii. Data market places, data availability, data licensing, audit, and rights 

iv. Data access by enterprises in the value chain including by Personas with PII

v. Digitalized market access (deliverables tied to monetization practices)

vi. Business models for IoT Services and data-enabled ML/AI applications

vii. Others for discussion and to add here

4. Recommendations related to GLOBAL supply chain traceability

a. Investments needed for traceability of the electronics IoT vertical 

i. Traceability Infrastructure for electronics and chips used in IoT (incl. recycling)

ii. Standards harmonization, compliance enforcement (prescriptive vs. restrictive)

iii. Incentives to speed adoption (e.g. security labels, digital passports, digitalization 

subsidies, market preferences, restrictions, market access/usage of products)

iv. International collaboration with allies on traceability and customs controls

v. Orchestration & massive collaboration to digitalize supply chains “piecemeal”

b. Investment needed for traceability on any verticals (stated above)

i. Vary by IoT market based on education, adoption rate, and specific use cases

ii. Vary by IoT device or system, market-specific applications and use cases
iii. Monetization – discuss and research methodology; could be derived from data 

availability, data sharing, ability to differentiate product or service 

iv. Business Ecosystems – monetization and rev-share of partner-based platforms

v. Benefits & ROI among participating stakeholders (platform open to all, not few)

c. Other recommendations related to implementation or deployment at scale

5. Proposed Speakers (confirmed)

a. Don Davidson, (Synopsys), Cyber-SCRM, DBOM, HBOM, SBOM

b. Methods for Distributed Trust and Traceability 

c. Harvey Reed (MITRE) MVP on Data Trust 

d. TBD on Enterprise Data Access Control (secure workflows)

e. TBD Suppliers of PLM on enterprise digitalization (digital thread)

f. TBD Luminary on supply chain open source HW (e.g. Rick Switzer)

6. References 

a. MITRE MVP reference on supply chain data trust (post & share)

b. NIST IR 8419 Blockchain for Manufacturing Traceability 

c. NIST Enterprise-level Cybersecurity Framework (CSF)

d. NIST Rick Management Framework (RMF)

e. NIST Cybersecurity White Paper on Consumer IoT Products

f. NIST SP 800-160 on Systems Security Engineering (SSE)

g. NIST SP 800-161 on Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM)

h. NDAA 2023 section 5949 on supply traceability and prohibitions 

https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text

i. NIST SP 800-171 / 172 on Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)

j. NIST 800.175 Cryptographic Standards Guide

k. NIST SP 1800-34 on Validating the Integrity of Computing Devices

l. The Illicit Trafficking of Counterfeit Goods and Transnational Organized Crime

m. The truth about counterfeits (Customs and Border Protection)

n. CISA Supply Chain Risks Infographic

o. Trust Issues in Microelectronics: The Concerns and the Countermeasures

p. New and Innovative Supply Chain Threats Emerging

q. Uniquely Identifying PCBs, Subassemblies, And Packaging

r. Blockchain Attempts to Secure the Supply Chain

s. The Next Pandemic Could Be Digital: Open Source Hardware Cybersecurity Risks

t. Why DDoS Attacks Use IoT Devices as Weapons?

u. McKinsey - IoT value set to accelerate through 2030: Where and how to capture it

v. HBR – How smart connected products are transforming competition 

w. MIT Sloan – Platform strategy and the Internet of Things

x. MIT Sloan – The Future of Platforms

y. MIT Sloan – New strategies for the platform economy

z. BCG – How do you design a business ecosystem

aa. IBM - The new age of ecosystems

bb. Others to be added later