Th e H o n o r ab l e Ro n a l d M . W h y t e , Se n i o rD i s tr i c tJ u d g e f o rth e U . S. * D i s tr i c tC ourtf

orthe N orthe rn D i s tr i c tof C a l i f orni a , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on. UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T BR I AN M CAUTHO R M CGEE , P et i t i on er- A pp el l ee , v. R I C H A R D J . K I R K L A N D , W a r de n, R e s p o n d e n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 10- 56111 D. C . No . 2 : 0 5 - c v - 0 5 0 7 7 - P S G- OP C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f

C a lif o rn ia , L os A ng el es ORDER

B ef ore: W A R D L A W and B E R Z O N , C i rc ui tJudg es , and W H Y T E , S eni or D i stri ct Judg e. *

T h e m em o ran d u m fi l ed Ju l y 3 1 , 2 0 1 2 i s am en d ed as fo l l o w s: O n p a ge 2 o f

the me mor a ndum di s po s i t i on , r e pl a c e <W e r e ve r s e . > w i th < W e re v er se an d re m an d fo r th e d istrict co u rt to re ac h th e m er it s o f P etit io n er ’s r e ma i ni ng c l a i ms . >. O n p age 5 of the m em orandu m di sposi t i on , i nsertthe fol l ow i ng se nt ence be f or e <R E V E R S E D . >: <W e r e m a nd t o the di s tr i c tc ourtf orc ons i de r a t i on of Pe t i t i on e r ’ s r e ma i ni ng c l a i ms . >. 

# FI LED JAN 28 2 013 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSO n p a g e 5 o f th e m e m o r a n d u m d is p o s itio n , r e p la c e < R E V E R S E D > w ith <REV ER SE D A N D RE M A N D ED >. W i th the s e a m e ndm e nt s , the pa ne l ha s vot e d una ni m ous l yt o de nythe pe t i t i on f orpa ne l r e he a r i ng. J udge s W a r dl a w a nd B e r z on ha ve vot e d t o de nythe pe t i t i on f orr e he a r i ng e n ba nc , a nd J udge W hy t e ha s s o r e c om m e nde d. T he f ul l c ourtha s be e n a dvi s e d of the pe t i t i on f

orr e he a r i ng e n ba nc , a nd no j udge ha s r e que s t e d avot e on w he the rt o r e he a rthe m a tt e re n ba nc . F e d. R . A pp. P . 3 5 . T he pe t i t i on f

orpa ne l r e he a r i ng a nd r e he a r i ng e n ba nc , f i l e d A ugus t9, 2012, i s D E N I E D . N o f

urthe rpe t i t i ons f

orr e he a r i ng w i l l be e nt e rt a i ne d. A n am ended m em orandu m di sposi t i on i s f i l ed concurrent l y w i th thi s O rder .T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

Th e H o n o r ab l e Ro n a l d M . W h y t e , Se n i o rD i s tr i c tJ u d g e f o rth e U . S. ** D i s tr i c tC ourtf

orN orthe rn C a l i f

orni a , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T BR I AN M CAUTHO R M CGEE , P et i t i on er- A pp el l ee , v. R I C H A R D J . K I R K L A N D , W a r de n, R e s p o n d e n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 10- 56111 D. C . No . 2 : 0 5 - c v - 0 5 0 7 7 - P S G- OP AME ND E D ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia P hi l i p S . G ut i e rr e z , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d M a r c h 9, 2012 P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B ef ore: W A R D L A W and B E R Z O N , C i rc ui tJudg es , and W H Y T E , S eni or D i stri ct Judg e. ** T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt g r a n te d B r ia n M c G e e ’s h ab e a s c o rp u s p e titio n o n th e b a s is thatthe prosecut or atM cG ee ’ s s t at e c ou rttri al i m perm i ss i bl y use d p er em pt ory 

# FI LED JAN 28 2 013 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSW e r e j e c tthe s t a t e ’ s c ont e nt i on tha tc om pa r a t i ve j ur ora na l y s i s i s us e f ul 1 onl y w he n the c om pa r i s on i s be tw e e n a n e xc l ude d A f r i c a n- A m e r i c a n pr os pe c t i ve j ur ora nd anon- A f

r i c a n- A m e r i c a n s e a t e d j ur or . C om pa r a t i ve a na l y s i s pr ovi de s the strong es tevi dence of di sc ri m i nat i on , of course , w hen the re cord i nd i ca t es thatan e x c lu d e d b la c kp r o s p e c tiv e ju r o rw a s th e s a m e a s as e a te d ju r o rin a ll r e s p e c ts e xc e ptr a c e . S t i l l , w he r e the pr os e c ut orha s of f e r e d aj us t i f

i c a t i on f ors tr i ki ng a pa rt i c ul a rj ur ortha tappl i e s e qua l l yt o j ur or s he ha s note xc l ude d, r e ga r dl e s s of the r a c e of the j ur or s w ho w e r e nots tr i c ke n, thi s c om pa r i s on ne ve rthe l e s s s upport s the l o g i cal co n cl u si o n th atth e p ro ffered j u st i fi cat i o n w as d i si n g en u o u s.

- 2- chal l enges t o rem ov e A fr i can-A m er i cans fr om the j ury i n v i ol at i on of B at son v. Kentucky , 4 7 6 U .S . 7 9 ( 1 9 8 6 ) . W e r e v e r s e a n d r e m a n d f o rth e d is tr ic t c o u rt to reach th e m eri t s o f P et i t i o n er’ s rem ai n i n g cl ai m s. T h e C al i fo rn i a C o u rto f A p p eal ’ s d en i al o f M cG ee’ s B at s on c l a i m w a s not a n “ unr e a s onabl e de t e rm i na t i on of the f a c t s i n l i ghtof

the e vi de nc e ” i n the r e c or d. 28 U . S . C . § 2254( d) ( 2) . A l though c om pa r a t i ve j ur ora na l y s i s s ugge s t s tha tthe st at e c ou rt s m ayhave “ had reas on t o q uest i on the prosecut or’ s c re di bi l i ty, ” s uch a n a ly s is “d o e s n o t . . . c o m p e l th e c o n c lu s io n th a t th e tr ia l c o u rt h a d n o p e rm is s ib le a lte rn a tiv e b u t to r e

je c t th e p r o s e c u to r ’s r a c e - n e u tr a l ju s tif ic a tio n s .” R i ce v.

1 C ol l i ns , 54 6 U . S . 33 3, 34 1 (20 06 ) ( em ph as i s a dd ed). T he di stri ctcourtfocuse d i n p art i cul aron Jurors 40 46 and 9 74 4, ho l di ng that the i rdi s m i s s a l w a s i m pe rm i s s i bl y r a c e - ba s e d. I tw a s notunr e a s onabl e f orthe C al i fo rn i a co u rt s t o cred i tth e p ro secu t o r’ s j u st i fi cat i o n s fo r ch al l en g i n g th ese ju r o r s .- 3-

T he pr os e c ut orpr ovi de d thr e e r e a s ons f ore xc us i ng J ur or4046 f r om the ju ry : ( 1 ) h e rla c ko f

ju rye x p e r ie n c e ; ( 2 ) h e rjo b a s a“s u b s titu te c a f e te r iah e lp e r ,” f r o m w h ic h th e p r o s e c u to rin f e rr e d s h e m ig h t la c kth e e d u c a tio n a n d ab ilityto un ders t and ful l y acom pl ex m urder tri al ; and (3) thatshe “ dem on stra t ed . . . that s he w a s t i m i d, . . . notde t a i l or i e nt e d, a nd pot e nt i a l l yunabl e t o c ontr i but e t o the j uryde l i be r a t i ons . ” T he s e j us t i f i c a t i ons a r e r a c e - ne utr a l a nd s upport e d bythe r e c o r d . A l tho ug h the prosecut or ac ce pt ed som e j urors w i tho utprevi ou s j ury ex p er ien ce , sev er al o th er s w ith o u t su ch ex p er ien ce w er e s trick en . Ju ro r 4 0 4 6 ’s l a c k of j urye xpe r i e nc e w a s c onne c t e d t o the pr os e c ut or ’ s ove r a r c hi ng c o n c e rn— th a t s h e m ig h t n o t b e ab le to f u lf ill e f f e c tiv e lyth e o b lig a tio n s o f aju r o r . I tw a s notunr e a s onabl e , the r e f or e , f orthe C a l i f

orni ac ourt s t o c onc l ude tha tthe p r o s e c u to rc h a lle n g e d J u r o r4 0 4 6 b a s e d o n th is r a c e - n e u tr a l c o n c e rn . See R i ce , 546 U . S . a t339. T he C a l i f

orni ac ourt s ’ c onc l us i on tha tthe pr os e c ut or ’ s c ha l l e nge of J ur or 9744 w a s notba s e d on r a c e w a s a l s o r e a s onabl e . T he pr os e c ut ors t a t e d tha the s tru c kJ u r o r9 7 4 4 b e c au s e o f “th e la r g e n u m b e ro f

[ h e r ] r e la tiv e s [ w h o w e r e ] in p r is o n .” T h is is ap e rm is s ib le , r a c e - n e u tr a l r e a s o n , s u b s ta n tia te d b yth e r e c o r d . See U n i ted S ta tes v. V

a cca ro , 8 1 6 F .2 d 4 4 3 , 4 5 7 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 8 7 ) , ov e rr ule d on other groun ds by H

uddl es ton v. U

ni ted Stat es , 485 U . S . 681 ( 1988) . A l though the- 4-

p ro secu t o r accep t ed so m e j u ro rs w h o se rel at i v es h ad b een co n v i ct ed o f cri m es, p r o s e c u to r s o f

te n a tte m p t to e n s u r e th a t ju r ie s h a v e f e w , if a n y , s u c h in d iv id u a ls . T he re cord i nd i ca t es thatthe veni re cont ai ned a l ar ge nu m ber of prospect i ve j urors w ho them se l ves had cr i m i nal conv i ct i on s or w ho had rel at i ves w i th cri m i nal c onvi c t i ons . J ur or9744, e xc us e d dur i ng the s e l e c t i on of a l t e rna t e j ur or s , w a s the l a s tA f r i c a n- A m e r i c a n pr os pe c t i ve j ur ors tr i c ke n bythe pr os e c ut or . I tw a s not u n re as o n ab le o f th e C alifo rn ia co u rts to ac ce p t as r ac e- n eu tral th e p ro se cu to r’s desi re no tt o add another j uror w ho se re l at i ves had cr i m i nal conv i ct i on s t o a j ury th atal read y h ad sev eral su ch j u ro rs. F u rth e rm o r e , f

iv e o f th e s e a te d ju r o r s w e r e A f r ic a n - A m e r ic a n . “ T he fa ct tha tA f r i c a n- A m e r i c a n j ur or s r e m a i ne d on the pa ne l ‘ m a ybe c ons i de r e d i ndi c a t i ve of a non di sc ri m i nat ory m ot i ve. ’ ” G o n z a lezv . Br o wn , 5 8 5 F .3 d 1 2 0 2 , 1 2 1 0 ( 9 th C i r . 2009) ( quot i ng T

u rn e rv . M

a rs h a ll , 12 1 F . 3d 12 48 , 12 54 (9th C i r. 19 97 )) . In a ddi t i on, the pr os e c ut ortw i c e a c c e pt e d the j uryw hi l e i tc ont a i ne d s om e of the j urors w ho w er e e ventual l y e xcused, further und erm i ni ng any i nfer ence of ra ci al d is c r im in a tio n . Se e Y

e e v . D unc an , 46 3 F . 3d 89 3, 90 1 (9th C i r. 20 06 ). M or e ove r , a l though the pr e c i s e r a c i a l c om pos i t i on of the ve ni r e i s noti n the r e c or d, the r e c or d s tr ongl ys ugge s t s tha tthe ve ni r e c ont a i ne d al a r ge num be rof A f r i c an- A m e r i c a n pr os pe c t i ve j ur or s . T he r e f or e , i ti s uns urpr i s i ng tha tal a r ge- 5-

pe r c e nt a ge of

the e xc us e d j ur or s w e r e A f r i c a n- A m e r i c a n, di m i ni s hi ng a ny i nfer ence of ra ci al m ot i vat i on thatm ayordi nari l y be draw n from thatci rc um st ance . B e c aus e the C a l i f

orni aC ourtof

A ppe a l w a s notunr e a s onabl e i n r e j e c t i ng M cG ee’ s B at

s on c ha l l e nge , w e m us tuphol d i t s de c i s i on a nd R E V E R S E tha tof the d istrict co u rt. W e r em an d to th e d istrict co u rt fo r c o n sid er atio n o f P etit io n er ’s rem ai n i n g cl ai m s. R E VE R S E D A ND R E MAND E D.