I 

108TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 3818 

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to improve the results and 

accountability of microenterprise development assistance programs, and 

for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

FEBRUARY 24, 2004 

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for himself, Mr. HYDE, Mr. LANTOS, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Mr. BELL, Mr. GREEN of Texas, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. 

PAYNE, Mr. PITTS, Ms. HARRIS, Mr. DICKS, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. SMITH

of Washington, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA, and Mr. BROWN of 

Ohio) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 

on International Relations 

A BILL 

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to improve 

the results and accountability of microenterprise development assistance programs, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Microenterprise Re5 sults and Accountability Act of 2004’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND POLICY. 

7 Congress finds and declares the following: 
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1 (1) Congress has demonstrated its support for 

2 microenterprise development assistance programs 

3 through the enactment of two comprehensive micro4 enterprise laws: 

5 (A) The Microenterprise for Self-Reliance 

6 Act of 2000 (title I of Public Law 106–309; 

7 114 Stat. 1082). 

8 (B) Public Law 108–31 (an Act entitled 

9 ‘‘An Act to amend the Microenterprise for Self10 Reliance Act of 2000 and the Foreign Assist11 ance Act of 1961 to increase assistance for the 

12 poorest people in developing countries under 

13 microenterprise assistance program under those 

14 Acts, and for other purposes’’, approved June 

15 17, 2003). 

16 (2) The United States Agency for International 

17 Development, the agency responsible for imple18 menting microenterprise development assistance pro19 grams authorized under sections 108 and 131 of the 

20 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151f 

21 and 2152a), is not presently organized to adequately 

22 coordinate, implement, and monitor such programs, 

23 as evidenced by the late submission by the Agency 

24 of the report required by section 108 of the Micro25 enterprise for Self-Reliance Act of 2000. 
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1 (3) The Comptroller General, in a report dated 

2 November 2003, found that the United States Agen3 cy for International Development has met some, but 

4 not all, of the key objectives of such microenterprise 

5 development assistance programs. 

6 (4) The Comptroller General’s report found, 

7 among other things, the following: 

8 (A) Microenterprise development assistance 

9 generally can help alleviate some impacts of 

10 poverty, improve income levels and quality of 

11 life for borrowers and provide poor individuals, 

12 workers, and their families with an important 

13 coping mechanism. 

14 (B) Although studies and academic anal15 yses funded by the United States Agency for 

16 International Development have found that 

17 microenterprise activities generally serve the 

18 poor clustered around the poverty line, few 

19 loans appear to be reaching the very poor. 

20 (C) Microenterprise development assistance 

21 programs of the United States Agency for 

22 International Development have encouraged 

23 women’s participation in microfinance projects 

24 and, according to data of the Agency, women 

25 have comprised two-thirds or more of the micro- 
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1 loan clients in Agency-funded microenterprise 

2 projects since 1997. 

3 (5)(A) The Comptroller General’s report rec4 ommends that the Administrator of the United 

5 States Agency for International Development review 

6 the Agency’s ‘‘microenterprise results reporting’’ 

7 system with the goal of ensuring that its annual re8 porting is complete and accurate. 

9 (B) Specifically, the Administrator should re10 view and reconsider the methodologies used for the 

11 collection, analysis, and reporting of data on annual 

12 spending targets, outreach to the very poor, sustain13 ability of microfinance institutions, and the contribu14 tion of Agency’s funding to the institutions it sup15 ports. 

16 SEC. 3. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE. 

17 Chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act 

18 of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2166 et seq.) is amended by inserting 

19 after title V the following new title: 

20 ‘‘TITLE VI—MICROENTERPRISE 

21 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE 

22 ‘‘SEC. 251. FINDINGS AND POLICY. 

23 ‘‘Congress finds and declares the following: 

24 ‘‘(1) Access to financial services and the devel25 opment of microenterprise are vital factors in the 
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1 stable growth of developing countries and in the de2 velopment of free, open, and equitable international 

3 economic systems. 

4 ‘‘(2) It is therefore in the best interest of the 

5 United States to facilitate access to financial serv6 ices and assist the development of microenterprise in 

7 developing countries. 

8 ‘‘(3) Access to financial services and the devel9 opment of microenterprises can be supported by pro10 grams providing credit, savings, training, technical 

11 assistance, business development services, and other 

12 financial services. 

13 ‘‘(4) Given the relatively high percentage of 

14 populations living in rural areas of developing coun15 tries, and the combined high incidence of poverty in 

16 rural areas and growing income inequality between 

17 rural and urban markets, microenterprise programs 

18 should target both rural and urban poor. 

19 ‘‘(5) Microenteprise programs have been suc20 cessful and should continue to empower vulnerable 

21 women in the developing world. Such programs 

22 should take into account the risks faced by women 

23 who are potential victims of severe forms of traf24 ficking and the need for assistance for women who 

25 become victims of severe forms of trafficking, as pro-
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1 vided for in section 106(a)(1) of the Trafficking Vic2 tims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7104(a)(1); 

3 Public Law 106–386). 

4 ‘‘SEC. 252. AUTHORIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; TARGETED 

5 ASSISTANCE. 

6 ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized 

7 to provide assistance on a grant basis for programs in de8 veloping countries to increase the availability of credit, 

9 savings, and other services to microenterprises lacking full 

10 access to capital, training, technical assistance, and busi11 ness development services, through— 

12 ‘‘(1) grants to microfinance institutions for the 

13 purpose of expanding the availability of credit, sav14 ings, and other financial services to microentreprise 

15 clients; 

16 ‘‘(2) grants to microenterprise institutions for 

17 the purpose of training, technical assistance, and 

18 business development services for microenterprises to 

19 enable them to make better use of credit, to better 

20 manage their enterprises, and to increase their in21 come and build their assets; 

22 ‘‘(3) capacity-building for microenterprise insti23 tutions in order to enable them to better meet the 

24 credit, savings, and training needs of 

25 microentreprise clients; and 
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1 ‘‘(4) policy and regulatory programs at the 

2 country level that improve the environment for 

3 microentreprise clients and microenterprise institu4 tions that serve the poor and very poor. 

5 ‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION.— 

6 ‘‘(1) OFFICE OF MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOP7 MENT.— 

8 ‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is estab9 lished within the Agency an Office of Micro10 enterprise Development, which shall be headed 

11 by a Director who shall be appointed by the Ad12 ministrator and who should possess technical 

13 expertise and ability to offer leadership in the 

14 field of microenterprise development. 

15 ‘‘(B) DUTIES.—The Office shall coordinate 

16 and be responsible for the provision of assist17 ance under this title. 

18 ‘‘(2) ASSISTANCE THROUGH GRANTS TO ELIGI19 BLE ORGANIZATIONS.—Assistance under subsection 

20 (a) shall be provided through grants executed, ap21 proved, or reviewed by the Office to eligible imple22 menting partner organizations that have a capacity 

23 to develop and implement microenterprise programs. 

24 ‘‘(3) REVIEW AND APPROVAL.—With respect to 

25 assistance under subsection (a) that is furnished 
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1 through field missions of the Agency, the Office 

2 shall be responsible for— 

3 ‘‘(A) reviewing or approving each grant 

4 agreement prior to obligation of funds under 

5 the agreement in order to ensure that activities 

6 to be carried out using such funds are effica7 cious, technically sound, and suitable for the 

8 economic and security climate of the country or 

9 region where the activities will be conducted; 

10 and 

11 ‘‘(B) approving microenterprise develop12 ment components of strategic plans of missions, 

13 bureaus, and offices of the Agency. 

14 ‘‘(c) TARGETED ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out sus15 tainable poverty-focused programs under subsection (a), 

16 50 percent of all microenterprise resources shall be tar17 geted to very poor clients, defined as those individuals liv18 ing in the bottom 50 percent below the poverty line as 

19 established by the national government of the country. 

20 Specifically, such resources shall be used for— 

21 ‘‘(1) support of programs under this section 

22 through practitioner institutions that— 

23 ‘‘(A) provide credit and other financial 

24 services to clients who are very poor, with loans 

25 in 1995 United States dollars of— 
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1 ‘‘(i) $1,000 or less in the Europe and 

2 Eurasia region; 

3 ‘‘(ii) $400 or less in the Latin Amer4 ica region; and 

5 ‘‘(iii) $300 or less in the rest of the 

6 world; and 

7 ‘‘(B) can cover their costs in a reasonable 

8 time period; or 

9 ‘‘(2) demand-driven business development pro10 grams that achieve reasonable cost recovery that are 

11 provided to clients holding poverty loans (as defined 

12 by the regional poverty loan limitations in paragraph 

13 (1)(A)), whether they are provided by microfinance 

14 institutions or by specialized business development 

15 services providers. 

16 ‘‘(d) SUPPORT FOR CENTRAL MECHANISMS.—The 

17 Administrator should increase the use of central mecha18 nisms through microenterprise, microfinance, and practi19 tioner institutions in the implementation of this title. 

20 ‘‘SEC. 253. MONITORING SYSTEM. 

21 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—In order to maximize the 

22 sustainable development impact of assistance authorized 

23 under section 252(a), the Administrator of the Agency, 

24 acting through the Director of the Office, shall establish 
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1 a monitoring system that meets the requirements of sub2 section (b). 

3 ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The requirements referred to 

4 in subsection (a) are the following: 

5 ‘‘(1) The monitoring system establishes per6 formance goals for the assistance and expresses such 

7 goals in an objective and quantifiable form, to the 

8 extent feasible. 

9 ‘‘(2) The monitoring system establishes per10 formance indicators to be used in measuring or as11 sessing the achievement of the performance goals de12 scribed in paragraph (1) and the objectives of the 

13 assistance authorized under section 252. 

14 ‘‘(3) The monitoring system provides a basis for 

15 recommendations for adjustments to the assistance 

16 to enhance the sustainability and the impact of the 

17 assistance, particularly the impact of such assistance 

18 on the very poor, particularly poor women. 

19 ‘‘(4) The monitoring system adopts the wide20 spread use of proven and effective poverty assess21 ment tools to successfully identify the very poor and 

22 ensure that they receive adequate access to micro23 enterprise loans, savings, and assistance. 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 254. DEVELOPMENT AND CERTIFICATION OF POV2 ERTY MEASUREMENT METHODS; APPLICA3 TION OF METHODS. 

4 ‘‘(a) DEVELOPMENT AND CERTIFICATION.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 

6 Agency, in consultation with microenterprise institu7 tions and other appropriate organizations, shall de8 velop no fewer than two low-cost methods for eligible 

9 implementing partner organizations to use to assess 

10 the poverty levels of their current or prospective cli11 ents. The Administrator shall develop poverty indica12 tors that correlate with the circumstances of the 

13 very poor. 

14 ‘‘(2) FIELD TESTING.—The Administrator shall 

15 field-test the methods developed under paragraph 

16 (1). As part of the testing, institutions and pro17 grams may use the methods on a voluntary basis to 

18 demonstrate their ability to reach the very poor. 

19 ‘‘(3) CERTIFICATION.—Not later than October 

20 1, 2004, the Administrator shall, from among the 

21 low-cost poverty measurement methods developed 

22 under paragraph (1), certify no fewer than two such 

23 methods as approved methods for measuring the 

24 poverty levels of current or prospective clients of 

25 microenterprise institutions for purposes of assist26 ance under section 252. 
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1 ‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall require 

2 that, with reasonable exceptions, all eligible implementing 

3 partner organizations applying for microenterprise assist4 ance under this title use one of the certified methods, be5 ginning not later than October 1, 2005, to determine and 

6 report the poverty levels of current or prospective clients. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 255. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; ADDI8 TIONAL AUTHORITIES. 

9 ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

10 are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry 

11 out this subtitle $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and 

12 such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2006. 

13 ‘‘(b) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—(1) Amounts ap14 propriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations 

15 under subsection (a)— 

16 ‘‘(A) may be referred to as the ‘Microenterprise 

17 Development Assistance Account’; 

18 ‘‘(B) shall be allocated to the Office, and upon 

19 approval by the Director of the Office, may be re20 allocated to field missions of the Agency in further21 ance of the purposes of this title; 

22 ‘‘(C) are authorized to remain available until 

23 expended; and 

24 ‘‘(D) are in addition to amounts otherwise 

25 available for such purposes. 
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1 ‘‘(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 

2 amounts made available for assistance for microenterprise 

3 development assistance under any provision of law other 

4 than this title may be provided to further the purposes 

5 of this title. To the extent assistance described in the pre6 ceding sentence is provided in accordance with such sen7 tence, the Administrator of the Agency shall include, as 

8 part of the report required under section 258, a detailed 

9 description of such assistance and, to the extent applica10 ble, the information required by paragraphs (1) through 

11 (9) of subsection (b) of such section with respect to such 

12 assistance.’’. 

13 SEC. 4. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT CREDITS. 

14 (a) TRANSFER.—Section 108 of the Foreign Assist15 ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151f) is hereby— 

16 (1) transferred from chapter 1 of part I of the 

17 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to title VI of chap18 ter 2 of part I of such Act (as added by section 3 

19 of this Act); and 

20 (2) inserted after section 255 of the Foreign 

21 Assistance Act of 1961. 

22 (b) REDESIGNATION.—Title VI of chapter 2 of part 

23 I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 

24 redesignating section 108 (as added by subsection (a)) as 

25 section 256. 
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1 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Title VI of chap2 ter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) by inserting after the title heading the fol5 lowing: 

6 ‘‘Subtitle A—Grant Assistance’’; 

7 (2) by inserting after section 255 the following: 

8 ‘‘Subtitle B—Credit Assistance’’; 

9 and 

10 (3) in section 256 (as redesignated by sub11 section (b))— 

12 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) 

13 of subsection (c), by striking ‘‘Administrator of 

14 the agency primarily responsible for admin15 istering this part’’ and inserting ‘‘Administrator 

16 of the Agency’’; and 

17 (B) in subsection (f)(1)— 

18 (i) by striking ‘‘section 131’’ and in19 serting ‘‘this part’’; and 

20 (ii) by striking ‘‘2001 through 2004’’ 

21 and inserting ‘‘2005 and 2006’’. 

22 SEC. 5. UNITED STATES MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY. 

23 (a) TRANSFER.—Section 132 of the Foreign Assist24 ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152b) is hereby— 
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1 (1) transferred from chapter 1 of part I of the 

2 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to title VI of chap3 ter 2 of part I of such Act (as added by section 3 

4 of this Act); and 

5 (2) inserted after section 256 of the Foreign 

6 Assistance Act of 1961 (as added by section 4 of 

7 this Act). 

8 (b) REDESIGNATION.—Title VI of chapter 2 of part 

9 I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 

10 redesignating section 132 (as added by subsection (a)) as 

11 section 257. 

12 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Title VI of chap13 ter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is 

14 amended— 

15 (1) by inserting after section 256 the following: 

16 ‘‘Subtitle C—United States 

17 Microfinance Loan Facility’’; 

18 and 

19 (2) in section 257 (as redesignated by sub20 section (b))— 

21 (A) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘2001 

22 and 2002’’ and inserting ‘‘2005 and 2006’’; 

23 (B) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

24 (A) of subsection (d)(1), by striking ‘‘the fiscal 
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1 year 2001’’ and inserting ‘‘each of the fiscal 

2 years 2005 and 2006’’; and 

3 (C) by striking subsection (e). 

4 SEC. 6. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. 

5 Title VI of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assist6 ance Act of 1961 (as added by section 3 of this Act and 

7 amended by sections 4 and 5 of this Act) is further 

8 amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle: 

9 ‘‘Subtitle D—Miscellaneous 

10 Provisions 

11 ‘‘SEC. 258. REPORT. 

12 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than December 31, 

13 2005, and each December 31 thereafter, the Adminis14 trator of the Agency shall submit to the appropriate con15 gressional committees a report that contains a detailed de16 scription of the implementation of this title for the pre17 vious fiscal year. 

18 ‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—The report shall contain the fol19 lowing: 

20 ‘‘(1) The number of grants provided under sec21 tion 252, with a listing of— 

22 ‘‘(A) the amount of each grant; 

23 ‘‘(B) the name of each implementing part24 ner organization; and 
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1 ‘‘(C) a listing of the number of countries 

2 receiving assistance authorized by sections 252. 

3 ‘‘(2) The results of the monitoring system re4 quired under section 253. 

5 ‘‘(3) The process of developing and applying 

6 poverty assessment procedures required under sec7 tion 254. 

8 ‘‘(4) The percentage of assistance furnished 

9 under section 252 that was allocated to the very 

10 poor based on the data collected using the certified 

11 methods required by section 254. 

12 ‘‘(5) The absolute number of the very poor 

13 reached with assistance furnished under section 252. 

14 ‘‘(6) The amount of assistance provided under 

15 section 252 through central mechanisms. 

16 ‘‘(7) The name of each country that receives as17 sistance under section 256 and the amount of such 

18 assistance. 

19 ‘‘(8) An estimate of the percentage of bene20 ficiaries of assistance under this title who are 

21 women, including, to the extent practicable, the per22 centage of these women who have been victims of sex 

23 trafficking, as well as information on efforts to pro24 vide assistance under this title to women who have 
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1 been victims of severe forms of trafficking or who 

2 were previously involved in prostitution. 

3 ‘‘(9) Any additional information relating to the 

4 provision of assistance authorized by this title, in5 cluding the use of the poverty measurement tools re6 quired by section 254, or additional information on 

7 assistance provided by the United States to support 

8 microenterprise development under this title or any 

9 other provision of law. 

10 ‘‘(c) LIMITATION.—The content of the report re11 quired by this section shall be produced by the Office es12 tablished under section 252(b)(1), and shall be made 

13 available for free electronic distribution through such Of14 fice. 

15 ‘‘SEC. 259. DEFINITION. 

16 ‘‘In this title: 

17 ‘‘(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Adminis18 trator’ means the Administrator of the Agency. 

19 ‘‘(2) AGENCY.—The term ‘Agency’ means the 

20 United States Agency for International Develop21 ment. 

22 ‘‘(3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT23 TEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional com24 mittees’ means the Committee on International Re-
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1 lations of the House of Representatives and the 

2 Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 

3 ‘‘(4) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES.—The 

4 term ‘business development services’ means support 

5 for the growth of microenterprises through training, 

6 technical assistance, marketing assistance, improved 

7 production technologies, and other related services. 

8 ‘‘(5) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means 

9 the Director of the Office. 

10 ‘‘(6) ELIGIBLE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER ORGA11 NIZATION.—The term ‘eligible implementing partner 

12 organization’ means an entity eligible to receive as13 sistance under this title which is— 

14 ‘‘(A) a United States or an indigenous pri15 vate voluntary organization; 

16 ‘‘(B) a United States or an indigenous 

17 credit union; 

18 ‘‘(C) a United States or an indigenous co19 operative organization; 

20 ‘‘(D) an indigenous governmental or non21 governmental organization; 

22 ‘‘(E) a microenterprise institution; 

23 ‘‘(F) a microfinance institution; or 

24 ‘‘(G) a practitioner institution. 
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1 ‘‘(7) MICROENTERPRISE INSTITUTION.—The 

2 term ‘microenterprise institution’ means a not-for3 profit entity that provides services, including micro4 finance, training, or business development services, 

5 for microentreprise clients in foreign countries. 

6 ‘‘(8) MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION.—The term 

7 ‘microfinance institution’ means a not-for-profit enti8 ty or a regulated financial intermediary that directly 

9 provides, or works to expand, the availability of 

10 credit, savings, and other financial services to 

11 microentreprise clients in foreign countries. 

12 ‘‘(9) MICROFINANCE NETWORK.—The term 

13 ‘microfinance network’ means an affiliated group of 

14 practitioner institutions that provides services to its 

15 members, including financing, technical assistance, 

16 and accreditation, for the purpose of promoting the 

17 financial sustainability and societal impact of micro18 enterprise assistance. 

19 ‘‘(10) OFFICE.—The term ‘Office’ means the 

20 Office of Microenterprise Development established 

21 under section 252(b)(1). 

22 ‘‘(11) PRACTITIONER INSTITUTION.—The term 

23 ‘practitioner institution’ means a not-for-profit enti24 ty or a regulated financial intermediary, including a 

25 microfinance network, that provides services, includ-
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1 ing microfinance, training, or business development 

2 services, for microentreprise clients, or provides as3 sistance to microenterprise institutions in foreign 

4 countries. 

5 ‘‘(12) PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION.— 

6 The term ‘private voluntary organization’ means a 

7 not-for-profit entity that— 

8 ‘‘(A) engages in and supports activities of 

9 an economic or social development or humani10 tarian nature for citizens in foreign countries; 

11 and 

12 ‘‘(B) is incorporated as such under the 

13 laws of the United States, including any of its 

14 states, territories or the District of Columbia, 

15 or of a foreign country. 

16 ‘‘(13) UNITED STATES-SUPPORTED MICRO17 FINANCE INSTITUTION.—The term ‘United States18 supported microfinance institution’ means a finan19 cial intermediary that has received funds made avail20 able under this part for fiscal year 1980 or any sub21 sequent fiscal year. 

22 ‘‘(14) VERY POOR.—The term ‘very poor’ 

23 means those individuals— 

24 ‘‘(A) living in the bottom 50 percent below 

25 the poverty line established by the national gov-
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1 ernment of the country in which those individ2 uals live; or 

3 ‘‘(B) living on less than the equivalent of 

4 $1 per day.’’. 

5 SEC. 7. REPEALS. 

6 (a) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.—Section 

7 131 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

8 2152a) is hereby repealed. 

9 (b) PUBLIC LAW 108–31.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 4 of Public Law 

11 108–31 (22 U.S.C. 2151f note) is amended by strik12 ing subsection (b). 

13 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 4 of 

14 Public Law 108–31 is amended by striking ‘‘(a)’’ 

15 and all that follows through ‘‘Not later’’ and insert16 ing ‘‘Not later’’. 

17 SEC. 8. REFERENCES. 

18 Any reference in a law, regulation, agreement, or 

19 other document of the United States to section 108, 131, 

20 or 132 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be 

21 deemed to be a reference to subtitle B of title VI of chap22 ter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 

23 subtitle A of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of such Act, 
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1 or subtitle C of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of such 

2 Act, respectively. 

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