ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997

Addendum To

ANSI/NIST -CSL 1-1993

and

NISTIR 6011

American National Standard

For Information SystemsData Format for the Interchange of

Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information

United States Department of Commerce

Technology Administration

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NISr
ANSI/NIST -ITL 1a-1997

and

NISTIR 6011

Addendum To

ANSI/NIST -CSL 1-1993

American National Standard

For Information SystemsData Format for the Interchange of

Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information

Sponsor

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Approved April 7, 1997

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

u.s. Department of Commerce

William M. Daley, Secretary

Technology Administration

Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Robert E. Hebner, Acting Director
This document is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to

copyright. Any organization interested in reproducing ANSIINIST-ITL 1a 1997, Data Format for the

Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information is free to do so. However, there shall be no alteration to

any of the material contained in the document.

-
1 SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND APPLICATION 1

1.1 SCOPE 1

1.2 PUR POSE 1

1.3 ApPLI CAT I0 N 1

3.1 - 3.8 REFER TO ANSIINIST-CSL 1-1993 2

3.9 R GB 2

3.1 0 SMT 2

3.11 ASPECT RATIO 2

3.12 MUGSHOT 2

4.1 - 4.3 REFER TO ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993 2

4.4 SCA N S E QUE N C E ...............•..•................................•....•..........................•...•....................•.........•... 2

4.5 COLOR DATA 2

6.1 FI LE FORMAT 3

6.2 FI LE coNTENTS 3

6.3 IMAGE DESIGNATION CHARACTER (IDC) 3

7.1 LOG ICAL RECOR 0 TVP ES 4

7.2 RECOR 0 FORMAT 4

8 TYPE-1 TRANSACTION RECORD 5

9 - 17 Refer to ANSIINIST -CSL 1-1993 5

18 TYPE-10 FACIAL & SMT IMAGE RECORD 5

18.1 FIELDS FOR TVPE-1 0 LOGICAL RECORD 5

18.2 END OF TVPE-1 0 LOGICAL RECORD 13

18.3 ADDITIONAL FACIAL & SMT IMAGE RECORDS 13
Table 8: Logical Record Type (Additional)

3

Table 9 Number of Logical Records Per Transaction (Additional)4

Table 10 Type-10 Logical Record Layout6

Table 11- Subject Pose9

Table 12- Photo Descriptors9

Table 13 Tattoo Classes 10

Table 14a Human Tattoo Subclasses 11

Table 14c Plant Tattoo Subclasses 11

Table 14b Animal Tattoo Subclasses 11

Table 14d Flags Tattoo Subclasses 11

Table 14e Objects Tattoo Subclasses 12

Table 14g Symbols Tattoo Subclasses 12

Table 14f Abstract Tattoo Subclasses 12

Table 14h Other Tattoo Subclasses 12

Table 15 Color Codes 13
Federal, state and local law enforcement and related criminal justice agencies have

procured or are in the process of procuring electronic image capture, storage, and

retrieval systems intended to facilitate the determination of the personal identity of a

subject. This equipment will be used to capture a subject's mugshot (or facial image), and

any scars, marks, or tattoos (SMT) present on the subject's body.

Digital cameras and other type of video recorders capture images and produce digital

image files directly from the sUbject's head and body. Scanners are used to digitize

images from photographs, pictures, or sketches. The digital representations of these

image files consist of grayscale or color pixels depending on the application and

equipment.

These digital images are stored in a compressed or uncompressed form in an image

storage and retrieval system (ISR). Textual descriptive data and other information for

each image is also stored. When required, specific images from a master file can be

retrieved from the ISR and be incorporated as part of an electronic mugshot book, or an

electronic line-up. Images selected may be the result of textual filters based on physical

descriptive or information fields indexed to each image. Stored SMT images can also be

retrieved as part of an identification process. The actual identification are made by a

human witness or an examiner using images retrieved from the system.

To effectively exchange mugshot and SMT identification data across jurisdictional lines or

between dissimilar systems produced by different manufacturers, a standard is needed to

specify the content and common format for the data exchange. The data may be images

captured from digital cameras or the digital representation of scanned photographs or

pictures.

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), previously the Computer Systems

Laboratory, of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) sponsored the

development of the addendum to the Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint

Information (ANSIINIST-CSL 1-1993). This addendum enhances the original standard by

specifying the data elements required for the exchange of mugshot and SMT information.

Consensus during its development was achieved through the use of the Canvass Method.

The sections of this document are numbered in accordance with the corresponding

sections in the ANSIINIST-CSL 1-1993 standard. Section numbers matching those in the

standard provide additional information. Section numbers appearing in this addendum,

but not in the original standard, provide information that describes the format for the two

additional types of image data. Sections appearing in the original standard, but not in this

addendum, imply that no additional details are required to accommodate the new image

types.

This addendum contains two annexes. Annex E, a description of the Joint Photographic

Experts Group (JPEG) File Interchange format, is normative and considered part of the

addendum. Annex F, contains examples of facial and tattoo images formatted in

accordance with this addendum. It is informative and not considered as part of the

addendum.
Suggestions for the improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to

the attention of R.M. McCabe, Mugshot Standards, Visual Image Processing Group, NIST,

Building 225, Room A-216, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

The following organizations recognized as having an interest in the standardization of the

data format for the interchange of mugshot and SMT information were contacted prior to

the approval of this addendum to the standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily

imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

Abilene Police Department MD State Police - Crime Laboratory

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Metropolitan Police Service, London, England

Chicago Police Department Michigan State Police - AFIS

Cogent Systems Inc. Missouri State Highway Patrol

D.C. Metropolitan Police Department Mitretek Systems, Inc.

Information Services Division National Institute of Justice

Data Critical Corporation North American Morpho Systems, Inc.

Detroit Police - Identification Unit NY State Division Criminal Justice Services

Digital Biometrics, Inc. Peel Regional Police

Digital Descriptor Systems Inc. Philadelphia Police Department

Digital Facial Identification System Positive Identification, Inc.

Eastman Kodak Co. PRC

ECG Management Consultants PRINTRAK International, Inc.

Elk Grove Village Police Department R.T. Moore Associates

EPIC Solutions, Inc. River City Research Group

Federal Bureau of Investigation - CJIS Riverside County Sheriff

Federal Bureau of Investigation - Photography Robert Stock Associates

Laboratory Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Fingermatrix, Inc. San Antonio, TX Police Department

Fingerprint USA Saber Imaging

Florida Department of Law Enforcement San Jose State University

Georgia Bureau of Investigation Sayers Advanced Systems

Gregg Thompson Associates Search

Higgins & Associates, International Sirchie Finger Print Labs

IDENTIX, Inc. State of Connecticut Department of Public Safety

Illinois State Police Tacoma, WA Police Department

Indianapolis Police Department Texas Department of Public Safety

Infotec Development, Inc. TFP Inc.

King County Police TRW SIG

LA County Sheriff Department UNISYS Corp.

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Virginia State Police

Lockheed Martin Energy Systems Visible Edge, Inc.

Manchestor, MO Police Department Vision Control Int. Pty. Lt.

Massachusetts State Police VT Department of Public Safety

MD Department of Public Safety & Correctional Western Identification Network (WIN)

Services Xlmage Corporation
Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & SMT

Information (ANSIINIST -ITL 1a-1997)

In 1993, ANSI approval was obtained for

the "Data Format for the Interchange of

Fingerprint Information" standard

(ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993). The standard

specifies formats to be used for

exchanging fingerprint and signature

image data. Provisions are also included

for the exchange of textual or ASCII data

describing a sUbject's demographic

characteristics and a limited amount of

minutiae or fingerprint characteristic

data. The data to be exchanged are

contained in nine defined record types

and formatted according to specific

requirements.

As a result of agreements reached at the

Mugshot and Facial Image Workshop held

in Gaithersburg on October 23-25, 1995,

the standard has been expanded to

address two additional types of biometric

image data. This expansion of the

standard is in the form of an addendum

that specifies a record structure capable

of handling the exchange of both types of

images.

The first type consists of facial image or

mugshot data. The second type pertains

to scar, mark, and tattoo (SMT) image

data. A provision has also been

introduced to enable the exchange of

non-specific, user-definable type images

that do not fall under any of the defined

image type.

Scope, purpose, and

application

This addendum defines the content,

format, and units of measurement for the

exchange of information that may be

used in the identification of a subject

based on facial/mugshot and/or SMT

image information. This data shall

consist of a variety of mandatory and

optional items, including related

descriptive data, scanning parameters,

and compressed or uncompressed

digitized images. This information is

intended for interchange between

criminal justice administrations or

organizations that use faciallmugshot or

SMT data for identification purposes.

Information compiled and formatted in

accordance with this addendum can be

recorded on machine-readable media and

may be transmitted over data communications facilities. Law enforcement and

criminal justice agencies may use it to

exchange facial/mugshot and SMT

images and related identification data.

Systems claiming conformance with this

addendum shall be capable of
transmitting and receiving Type-1, and

Type-10 records and shall specify which

other record types are implemented for

transmitting, or receiving, or both.

Record types not implemented shall be

ignored.

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this

text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard Addendum.

ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993, Information systems - Data Format for the Inter-change

of Fingerprint Information 1

ISO International Standard 10918-1,

Information Technology - Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone

Still Images Part 1: Requirements and

Guidelines2 (Commonly referred to as the

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

algorithm).

The following definitions and those given

in ANSIIIAI 2 and ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993

apply to this addendum.

3.1 - 3.8 Refer to ANSI/NIST-CSL

1-1993

3.9 RGB: Red, Green, Blue. Used

to represent color pixels comprised of a

specified number of bits to represent

each of these primary color components.

, Available from the American National standards Institute, 11 We&.

42nd Street, NewYor1<, NY 10036.

2AvaiIabIe from the American National standards Institute, 11 We&.

42nd street, New York, NY 10036.

3.10 SMT: Abbreviation used for scar,

mark, and tattoo information.

3.11 aspect ratio: The width to'

height ratio of the captured image.

3.12 mugshot: Term used interchangeably with facial image. The term

facial image usually implies a higher

quality image than a mugshot.

Transmitted data

conventions

4.1 - 4.3 Refer to ANSI/NIST-CSL

1-1993

For each grayscale or color facial or each

grayscale or color SMT image that was

captured and formatted, the transmitted

scan sequence shall be assumed to have

been left to right and top to bottom.

For the purpose of describing the position

of each pixel within an image, a pair of

reference axes shall be used. The origin

of the axes, pixel location (0,0), shall be

located at the upper left-hand corner of

each image. The x-coordinate (horizontal) position shall increase positively

from the origin to the right side of the

image. The y-coordinate (vertical) position shall increase positively from the

origin to the bottom of the image.

4.5 Color data

For color facial or SMT images scanned,

it shall be assumed that the scanned

images consist of nominal 24-bit RGB
pixels. For each component of the RGB

pixel, its value shall be quantized to eight

bits.

Color image data may be transmitted in

either compressed or uncompressed

form. The transmission of uncompressed

color images shall consist of RGB pixels,

each of which shall be quantized to 256

levels (8 bits) for each of the three

components. For each pixel, the three

components shall be sequentially formatted for transmission on a pixel-bypixel basis. Compressed image data

shall adhere to the requirements of the

algorithm used.

5 Image resolution

requirements

For facial and SMT images, the scanner

and transmitting resolution requirements

are not applicable.

This addendum describes one additional

logical record. It was designed to

exchange a combination of ASCII and

binary image data within a single logical

record structure. At the beginning of the

record, a series of tagged fields shall be

used to provide information required to

process the binary image data present in

the last field of the logical record. This

logical record type with its identifier is

listed in Table 8, Logical Record Type

(Additional). This table is an extension

of Table 1 in the original standard.

6.1 File format

The data fields in the Type-10 record

shall be recorded in variable-length fields

using the 7-bit American National

Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) as described in ANSI

X3.4 and annex A.3 For each facial and

SMT image record that is formulated, the

fields contained within that record shall

be numerically ordered and their contents

shall be as specified in this addendum.

Table 8: Logical RecordType

(Additional)

This record type shall contain data fields

encoded as ASCII textual information.

The concluding field of the Type-10

logical record shall have a tagged ASCII

identifier followed by the binary image

data.

Table 9, Number of logical records per

transaction (Additional), is an extension

of Table 2 of the 1993 standard. It lists

the number of Type-10 facial and SMT

image records that may occur in a

transaction file. The appearance of "O_N"

in Table 9 indicates that there is no limit

on the number of Type-1 0 logical records

that may be contained in the logical file.

6.3 Image Designation

Character (IDC)

The IDC shall also be used to relate

information items in the file contents field

of the Type-1 record to each facial or

SMT image record. It properly identifies

and links together different logical record

types created from the same image. As

the facial or SMT image can only be

represented by the Type-10 logical

record, each such image shall have a

Srhis annex can be found in the original standard

ANSIINIST -CSL 1-1993.
unique IDC code. The value of the IDC

shall be one greater than the last IDC

used for the Type-2 through Type-9

logical records in the file. Subsequent

IDCs shall be sequentially incremented

by one for each new facial or SMT image.

7 Record description

7.1.1 -7.1.9 RefertoANSI/NIST-CSL

1993

7.1.10 Type-10 facial and SMT

image record

Type-10 logical records shall contain, and

be used to exchange facial and SMT

image data together with textual

information pertinent to the digitized

image. The source of the image data

shall be the image captured from

scanning a photograph, or a live image

captured with a digital camera.

Refer to ANSI/NIST -CSL

1-1993

The Type-10 record shall use a

combination of tagged ASCII field

identifiers (as used in the Type-1, Type2, and Type-9 logical records) followed

by ASCII descriptive data for each field.

The record shall end with a tagged ASCII

field identifier preceding the binary image

data. Each Type-10 record information

field that is used, shall be numbered in

accordance with this standard. The

format of each field shall consist of a

field number followed by a colon (:),

followed by the information item(s)

appropriate to that field. For this logical

record, field numbers have the format

"1O.XXX:", where 10 is the logical record

type, and "XXX" is a sequentially

assigned field number within that record

type. Multiple occurrences of the same

subfield within a logical record shall be

separated by the RS character. Individual

information items within a field or

subfield shall be separated by the US

character. In addition to the identifying

number, information fields shall be

separated from other information fields

by the ASCII Group Separator (GS)

control character.

For each field or subfield that is

designated as mandatory, the appropriate

information shall be entered in the

required format. An optional field shall

be omitted when the information for that

field is unavailable or unneeded. Each

logical Type-10 record shall contain a

single image. The last field in the logical

record (field 10.999:) shall contain the

image data which shall be placed

immediately following the colon (":") of

the field identifier. The length of the

entire record shall be specified by the

record length field contained in the

record itself. The ASCII File Separator

(FS) control character shall follow the

last byte of the compressed or

uncompressed image data. The FS

character shall signify the end of the

logical record.
Type-1 Transaction

record

Refer to ANSIINIST -CSL

1-1993

Field 1.02: Version

Number (VER)

The entry in this field shall be "0201" to

indicate the current version of the

standard used to encode the image data.

This version number signifies the

inclusion of the Type-10 logical record.

Field 1.03: File Content

(CNT)

This mandatory field shall list each of the

logical records in the logical file by

record type. The count of the logical

records, which is contained in the second

information item of the first subfield,

shall include the number of Type-10

records contained in the logical file. A

subfield shall be included in Field 1.03

for each Type-10 record present in the

logical file. The first information item

shall be the two-character code "10"

chosen from Table 8, which declares the

record type. The second information item

shall be the IDC associated with the

logical record pertaining to that subfield.

The US character shall be used to

separate the two information items.

8.1.4 8.1.10 Refer to ANSI/NISTCSL 1-1993

8.1.11 Field 1.11: Native

Scanning Resolution

(NSR)

This field applies only to fingerprint

image data. For those logical files that

contain only Type-10 image records, this

field shall be set to "00.00".

8.1.12 Field 1.12: Nominal

Transmitting Resolution

(NTR)

This field applies only to fingerprint

image data. For those logical files that

contain only Type-10 image records, this

field shall be set to "00.00".

9-17 Refer to ANSIINIST-CSL 1-

1993

Type-10 facial & SMT

image record

Type-10 records shall contain facial

and/or SMT binary image data and

related ASCII information pertaining to

the specific image contained in this

record. It shall be used to exchange both

grayscale and color image data. Image

data contained in the Type-10 record may

be uncompressed or compressed.

18.1 Fields for Type-10 logical

record

When there are one or more Type-10

logical records, entries shall be provided

in ordered numbered fields. For each

field of the Type-10 record, Table 10

summarizes the condition code as being

mandatory(M) or optional(O), the field

number, the field name, character type,

size and occurrence limits, and the

maximum size in bytes of the field. The

two entries in the Field Size Per

Occurrence include all character

separators used in the field. The

Maximum Byte Count includes the field

number, the information, and all the

character separators. Fields containing

entries in the IMG column are only

applicable to that image type. An entry

of "FAC" applies to a mugshot or facial

image, and an entry of "5MT" applies to

scar, a mark, or a tattoo image. The

following paragraphs describe the data

-
· CODe

. . NUMB'E'.," - . "" ~ >:.., . . ·OCCURREN.c·e , ,..'~~~Z'0~;&M;6l COURT~ ': CO .~Ar/z,}/;(;r 2i~& ., ","

·

· .

.

LEN M 10.001 LOGICAL RECORD LENGTH N 4 8 1 1 15

IDC M 10.002 IMAGE DESIGNATION N 2 5 1 1 12

CHARACTER

IMT M 10.003 IMAGE TYPE A 5 7 1 1 14

SRC M 10.004 SOURCE AGENCY I ORI AN 10 21 1 1 28

PHD M 10.005 PHOTO DATE N 9 9 1 1 16

HLL M 10.006 HORIZONTAL LINE LENGTH N 4 5 1 1 12

VLL M 10.007 VERTICAL LINE LENGTH N 4 5 1 1 12

SLC M 10.008 SCALE UNITS N 2 2 1 1 9

HPS M 10.009 HORIZONTAL PIXEL SCALE N 3 5 1 1 12

VPS M 10.010 VERTICAL PIXEL SCALE N 3 5 1 1 12

CGA M 10.011 COMPRESSION ALGORITHM A 5 7 1 1 14

CSP M 10.012 COLOR SPACE A 4 5 1 1 12

RSV - 10.013 RESERVED FOR FUTURE -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.019 INCLUSION

POS 0 10.020 SUBJECT POSE A 2 2 0 1 9

FAC

POA 0 10.021 POSE OFFSET ANGLE N 2 5 0 1 12

FAC

PXS 0 10.022 PHOTO DESCRIPTION A 4 21 0 9 196

FAC

RSV - 10.023 RESERVED FOR FUTURE -- -- -- -- -- --- 10.039 INCLUSION

SMT M 10.040 NCIC DESIGNATION CODE SMT A 4 11 1 3 40

SMS 0 10.041 SCAR/MARKITATTOO SIZE SMT N 4 6 0 1 13

SMD 0 10.042 SMT DESCRIPTORS SMT AN 16 51 0 9 466

COL 0 10.043 COLORS PRESENT SMT A 4 21 0 9 196

RSV - 10.044 RESERVED FOR FUTURE -- -- -- -- -- --- 10.199 INCLUSION

UDF 0 10.200 USER DEFINED FIELDS -- -- -- -- -- --- 10.998

OAT M 10.999 IMAGE DATA B 2 5,000,001 1 1 5,000,008
contained in each of the fields for the

Type-10 logical record. Each field shall

begin with a seven character ASCII

identifier of the form "1O.xxx:". The first

two characters are the record type

followed by a period. The next three

characters are the appropriate field

number followed by a colon. Descriptive

ASCII information or the binary image

data follows the seven character

identifier.

Field 10.001: Logical

Record Length (LEN)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the total count of the number of bytes in

the Type-10 logical record. Field 10.001

shall specify the length of the record

including every character of every field

contained in the record and the

information separators. The GS

character shall separate the length code/

of Field 10.001 from the next field.

18.1.2 Field 10.002: Image

Designation Character

(IDC)

This mandatory one to four byte ASCII

field shall be used to identify the facial or

SMT image data contained in the record.

This IDC shall match the IDC found in the

file content field of the Type-1 record.

18.1.3 Field 10.003: Image Type

(IMT)

This mandatory ASCII field is used to

indicate the type of image contained in

this record. It shall contain "FACE",

"SCAR", "MARK", or "TATTOO" to

indicate a face, scar, mark or tattoo

image.

The field may also contain "OTHER" to

indicate a user-defined miscellaneous

type image. This entry provides the

ability to use the Type-10 record

structure to exchange images not

addressed by other record types in the

standard. However, additional field

numbers for ASCII descriptors must be

greater than 200. The content of these

fields shall conform to the requirements

set forth by the agency to whom the

transmission is being sent.

18.1.4 Field 10.004: Source

Agency I ORI (SRC)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the identification of the administration or

organization that originally captured the

facial image contained in the record.

Normally, the Originating Agency

Identifier (ORI) of the agency that

captured the image will be contained in

this field. The size and data content of

this field shall be defined by the user and

be in accordance with the receiving

agency.

18.1.5 Field 10.005: Photo Date

(PHD)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the date that the facial or SMT image

contained in the record was captured.

The date shall appear as eight digits in

the format CCYYMMDD. The CCYY

characters shall represent the year the

image was captured; the MM characters

shall be the tens and units values of the

month; and the DD characters shall be

the tens and units values of the day in

the month. For example, 19960229

represents February 29, 1996. The

complete date must be a legitimate date

and shall not exceed the current date.

18.1.6 Field 10.006: Horizontal

Line Length (HLL)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the number of pixels contained on a

single horizontal line of the transmitted

image.

18.1.7 Field 10.007: Vertical

Line Length (VLL)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the number of horizontal lines contained

in the transmitted image.
18.1.8 Field 10.008: Scale Units

(SLC)

This mandatory ASCII field shall specify

the units used to describe the image

sampling frequency (pixel density). A

"1" in this field indicates pixels per inch,

or a "2" indicates pixels per centimeter.

A "0" in this field indicates no scale is

given. For this case, the quotient of

HPS/VPS gives the pixel aspect ratio.

18.1.9 Field 10.009: Horizontal

Pixel Scale (HPS)

This mandatory ASCII field shall specify

the pixel density used in the horizontal

direction providing the SLC contains a "1"

or a "2". Otherwise, it indicates the

horizontal component of the pixel aspect

ratio.

18.1.10 Field 10.010: Vertical

Pixel Scale (VPS)

This mandatory ASCII field shall specify

the pixel density used in the vertical

direction providing the SLC contains a "1"

or a "2". Otherwise, it indicates the

vertical component of the pixel aspect

ratio.

18.1.11 Field 10.011:

Compression Algorithm

(CGA)

This mandatory ASCII field shall specify

the algorithm used to compress the color

or grayscale image. An entry of "NONE"

in this field indicates that the data

contained in this record is uncompressed.

For those images that are to be

compressed, the preferred method for the

compression of facial and SMT images is

specified by the baseline mode of the

JPEG algorithm formatted in accordance

with the JPEG File Interchange Format

Version 1.02 (JFIF). 4An entry of'

"JPEGS" indicates that the scanned or

40eveloped by C-Cube Microsystems, 1778

McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035.

captured image was compressed using

baseline JPEG. An entry of "JPEGL"

indicates that the lossless mode of the

JPEG algorithm was used to compress

the image. If the image is captured in

grayscale, then only the luminescence

component will be compressed and

transmitted. The FBI will maintain a

registry of additional compression

techniques and corresponding codes that

may be used as they become available.

18.1.12 Field 10.012: Colorspace

(CSP)

This mandatory ASCII field shall contain

the color space used to exchange the

image. For compressed images, the

preferred colorspace using baseline

JPEG and JFIF is YCbCr5 to be coded as

"YCC". An entry of "GRA Y" shall be used

for all grayscale images. This field shall

contain "RGS" for uncompressed color

images containing non-interleaved red,

green, and blue pixels in that order. All

other colorspaces are undefined.

18.1.13 Field 10.013-.019:

Reserved for Future

Definition (RSV)

These fields are reserved for inclusion in

future revisions of this standard. None

of these fields are to be used at this

revision level. If any of these fields are

present, they are to be ignored.

18.1.14 Field 10.020: Subject

Pose (POS)

This optional field is to be used for the

exchange of facial image data. When

included, this field shall contain a one

ASCII character code selected from

Table-11 to describe the pose of the

subject. For the angled pose entry "A",

field 10.021 shall contain the offset angle

from the full face orientation.

5Annex F contains the infonnation necessary to

perfonn conversions between24-bit RGB pixels and the

YCbCr color space.
Right Profile (90 degree)

Left Profile (90 degree)

18.1.15 Field 10.021: Pose Offset

Angle (POA)

This field shall only be used for the

exchange of facial image data if Field

10.020 (POS) contains an "A" to indicate

an angled pose of the subject. This field

should be omitted for a full face or a

profile. This ASCII field specifies the

pose position of the subject at any

possible orientation within a circle. Its

value shall be to a nearest degree.

The offset angle shall be measured from

the full-face pose position and have a

range of values from -180 degrees to

+180 degrees. A positive angle is used

to express the angular offset as the

subject rotates from a full-face pose to

their right (approaching a left profile). A

negative angle is used to express the

angular offset as the subject rotates from

a full-face pose to their left (approaching

a right profile). If the entry in the POS

field is an "F", "L" , or "R", the contents

of this field are ignored.

18.1.16 Field 10.022: Photo

Description (PXS)

This optional ASCII field shall be used for

the exchange of facial image data. When

present, it shall describe special

attributes of the captured facial image.

Attributes associated with the facial

image may be selected from Table 12

and entered in this field.

Table 12 - PhotoDescriptors

'AC'fAf·~v;;.x;.~1f fAGE4 '· .w" ,-

''-;..

I '

/.')tU_..-

AhimnJ:rE "c

&~

Due;,,{"'

i

Subject Wearing Glasses GLASSES

Subject Wearing Hat HAT

Subject Wearing Scarf SCARF

PHYSICAL

Physical characteristics, such as

"FRECKLES" may be entered as a

subfield consisting of two information

items. The first is "PHYS/CAL" followed

by the US separator, followed by the

characteristic as listed in Part 4 Section

13 of the NCIC Code Manual (Third

Edition; July 1984). The "OTHER"

category is used to enter unlisted or

miscellaneous attributes of the facial

image. This information shall be entered

as a two information item subfield. The

first is "OTHER" followed by the US

separator, followed by the unformatted

text used to describe the attribute.

Multiple attributes and subfields may be

listed but must be separated by the RS

character.

18.1.17 Field 10.023-.039:

Reserved for Future

Definition (RSV)

These fields are reserved for inclusion in

future revisions of this standard. None of

these fields are to be used at this

revision level. If any of these fields are

present, they are to be ignored.

18.1.18 Field 10.040: NCIC

Designation Code (SMT)

This field is mandatory for a Type-10

record containing SMT image data. It is

used to identify a general location of the

captured scar, mark, or tattoo image.

The contents of this field will be an entry

chosen from Part 4 Section 13 of the

NCIC Code Manual (Third Edition; July

1984). The captured image can

encompass an area larger than that
specified by a single NCIC body part

code for the particular image type. This

situation can be accommodated by listing

multiple NCIC codes separated by the RS

separator character. In this case the

primary code is listed first.

For the "marks" category, the NCIC

manual lists the common locations for

needle track marks. The body location

codes listed for scars shall be used for

other body part locations or other types

of marks not listed in the NCIC Code

Manual.

18.1.19 Field 10.041: SMT Size

(SMS)

This optional field shall contain the

dimensions of the scar, mark or tattoo. It

shall consists of two information items.

The height shall be the first information

item followed by the US separator

character followed by the width. Each

dimension shall be entered to the nearest

centimeter.

18.1.20 Field 10.042: SMT

Descriptors (SMD)

This optional field is used to describe the

SMT image. It shall consists of one or

more subfields. Each subfield shall

contain three or four information items

that provide progressively detailed

information describing the total image or

a portion of the image.

The first information item of each

subfield shall identify the source of the

SMT. This item will contain "TATTOO"

for the creation of a common tattoo or

indelible image resulting from the

pricking of the skin with a coloring

matter; "CHEMICAL" if the SMT was

created by the use of chemicals to burn

the image into the skin; or "BRANDED" if

the image was burned into the skin using

a branding iron or other form of heat.

The second information item shall be the

general class code of tattoo chosen from

Table 13. For each general class of

tattoo, there are several defined

subclasses. The third information item

of the subfield shall be the appropriate

subclass code selected from Tables 14a

14h which lists the various subclasses of

tattoos for each of the general classes.

The final and optional information item in

this subfield shall be a free-form ASCII

text string that provides additional

qualifiers to describe the image or portion

of the image. For example, to fully

describe a tattoo, there may be a class

description of "ANIMAL", with a subclass

description of "DOG", and qualified by

"golden retriever with an overbite". The

information items will be separated by the

US separator character.

Human Forms and HUMAN

Features

Animals and Animal ANIMAL

Features

Plants PLANT

Flags FLAG

Objects OBJECT

Abstractions ABSTRACT

Insignias & Symbols SYMBOL

Other Images OTHER

An SMT image consisting of several parts

or sub-images shall use multiple

subfields, separated by the RS separator,

to fully describe the various parts or

features found in the total image. The

first subfield shall describe the most

predominant feature or sub-image

contained in the SMT. Subsequent

subfields shall describe additional

portions of the image that are not part of

the main or central focal point of the

image. For example, a tattoo consisting

of a man with a snake on the arm being

followed by a dog may contain three

subfields one describing the man, a

second describing the snake, and a third

describing the dog.

-

-
Male Face MFACE Cats & Cat Heads CAT

Female Face FFACE Dogs & Dog Heads DOG

Abstract Face ABFACE Other Domestic Animals DOMESTIC

Male Body MBODY Vicious Animals (Lions, VICIOUS

Tigers, Wolves, etc.)

Female Body FBODY

Horses (Donkeys, Mules, HORSE

Abstract Body ABBODY etc.)

Roles (Knight, Witch, ROLES Other Wild Animals WILD man, etc.)

Snakes SNAKE

Sports Figures (Football SPORT

Player, Skier, etc.) Dragons DRAGON

Male Body Parts MBPART Birds (Cardinal, Hawk, etc.) BIRD

Female Body Parts FBPART Spiders, Bugs, and Insects INSECT

Abstract Body Parts ABBPART Abstract Animals ABSTRACT

Skulls SKULL Animal Parts PARTS

Miscellaneous Human MHUMAN Miscellaneous Animal MANIMAL

Forms Forms

Narcotics NARCOTICS American Flag USA

Red Flowers REDFL State Flag STATE

Blue Flowers BLUEFL Nazi Flag NAZI

Yellow Flowers YELFL Confederate Flag CON FED

Drawings of Flowers DRAW British Flag BRIT

Rose ROSE Miscellaneous Flags MFLAG

Tulip TULIP

Lily LILY

Miscellaneous Plants, MPLANT

Flowers, Vegetables
Table 14e Objects Tattoo Table 14f Abstract Tattoo

Subclasses Subclasses

~~"~8ClASS . »>¢" :.'X:' ~/:-Rt7:>;I'7::Yi 'l'>'/'>. • .~~~>C~P.E§j"%

Figure(s) FIGURE

Sleeve SLEEVE

Bracelet BRACE

Airplanes PLANE

Anklet ANKLET

Boats, Ships, and Other Vessels VESSEL

Necklace NECKLC

Trains TRAIN

Shirt SHIRT

Body Band BODBND

Head Band HEDBND

Sporting Objects (Football, Ski, SPORT

Hurdles, etc.) Miscellaneous Abstract MABSTRACT

Water & Nature Scenes (Rivers, NATURE

Sky, Trees, etc.)

Table 149 Symbols Tattoo

Subclasses

hW_Z1 .SUBCLASS: PZ:'; .<J;i;. ~/.,~t:-;w::.~, ••..• ~:0"'" ;:.z.~ h'k.(.. ",~, 5UBC~ASS£O -v. 3?.~..stl8C;LJ(SS/'~\~i «y-~~ ~.z..:W4'."P~::;~?h*·:--·A. ~ • '>'<;."1 >Vr Y, %' .; • '~,r''"

"%£ ,~ Y';.~-:-v;x SUBCI -w~.!A~'Y.-: O&E00~-k.,:;"~,~...~

National Symbols NATION Wording (Mom, Dad, WORDING

Mary, etc.)

Political Symbols POLITIC

Freeform Drawings FREEFRM

Military Symbols MILITARY

Miscellaneous Images MISC

Fraternal Symbols FRATERNAL

Professional Symbols PROFESS

Gang Symbols GANG be the predominant color chosen from

Table 15. Additional colors for the subMiscellaneous Symbols MSYMBOLS field shall be entered as information

items in the subfield separated by the US

separator character.

18.1.21 Field 10.043: Color

(COl) 18.1.22 Field 10.044-199:

Reserved for Future

This optional field shall contain one Definition (RSV)

subfield corresponding to each subfield

contained in Field 10.042. Each subfield These fields are reserved for inclusion in

shall contain one or more information future revisions of this standard. None of

items that list the color(s) of the tattoo or these fields are to be used at this

part of the tattoo. For each subfield, the revision level. If any of these fields are

first information item in the subfield shall present, they are to be ignored.
Black BLACK

Brown BROWN

Gray GRAY

Blue BLUE

Green GREEN

Orange ORANGE

Purple PURPLE

Red RED

Yellow YELLOW

White WHITE

Multi-colored MULTI

Outlined OUTLINE

18.1.23 Field 10.200-998: User

Defined Fields (UDF)

These fields are user-definable fields.

Their size and content shall be defined by

the user and be in accordance with the

receiving agency. If present they shall

contain ASCII textual information.

18.1.24 Field 10.999: Image Data

(OAT)

This field shall contain all of the

grayscale or color data from a face, scar,

mark, tattoo, or other image. It shall

begin with the ASCII identifier "10.999:",

and be followed by image data in a binary

representation.

Each pixel of uncompressed grayscale

data shall be quantized to eight bits (256

gray levels) contained in a single byte.

Uncompressed color image data shall be

expressed as 24 bit RGB pixels. The first

byte shall contain the eight bits for the

red component of the pixel, the second

byte shall contain the eight bits for the

green component of the pixel, and the

third byte shall contain the last eight bits

for the blue component of the pixel. If

compression is used, the pixel data shall

be compressed in accordance with the

compression technique specified in the

GCA field. If the JPEG algorithm is be

used to compress the data, this field shall

be encoded using the JFIF format

specification.

18.2 End of Type-10 Logical

Record

For the sake of consistency, immediately

following the last byte of data from field

10.999 an FS separator shall be used to

separate it from the next logical record.

This separator must be included in the

length field of the Type-10 record.

Additional Facial & SMT

Image Records

AdditionalType 10 recordsmay be included in

the logical file. For each additional facial

image, a complete Type 10 logical record

togetherwiththe FS separatoris required.

-

-

JPEG File Interchange Format

Version 1.02

Eric Hamilton

C-Cube Microsystems

1778 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas, CA 95035

+1 408 944-6300

Fax: +1 408 944-6314

E-mail: eric@c3.pla.ca.us
JPEG File Interchange Format

JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) is a minimal file format which enables JPEG

bitstreams to be exchanged between a wide variety of platforms and applications. This

minimal format does not include any of the advanced features found in the TIFF JPEG

specification or any application specific file format. The only purpose of this simplified

format is to allow the exchange of JPEG compressed images.

• Uses JPEG compression

• Uses JPBG interchange format compressed image representation

• PC or Mac or UNIX workstation compatible

• Standard color space: one or three components. For three components YCbCr (CCIR

601-256 levels)

• APPO marker used to specify Units, X pixel density, Y pixel density, thumbnail

• APPO marker also used to specify JFIF extensions

• APPO mater also used to specify application-specific information

Although any JPEG process is supported by the syntax of the JFIF it is strongly

recommended that the JPEG baseline process be used for the purposes of file

interchange. This ensures maximum compatibility with all applications supporting JPEG.

JFIF conforms to the JPEG Draft International Standard (ISO DIS 10918-1).

The JFIF is entirely compatible with the standard JPEG interchange format; the only

additional requirement is the mandatory presence of the APPO marker right after the SOl

marker. Note that the JPEG interchange format requires (as does JFIF) all table

specifications used in the encoding process be coded in the bitstream prior to their use.

The JFIF is compatible across platforms: for example, it can use any resource forks

supported by the Macintosh and by PCs or workstations, but not just one platform.

The color space to be used is YCbCr as defined by CCIR 601 (256 levels). The RGB

components calculated by linear conversion from YCbCr shall not be gamma corrected

(gamma = 1.0). If only one component is used, that component shall be Y.
The APPO can be used for any other purpose by the application provided it can be

distinguished from the JFIF APPO.

The JFIF APPO marker provides information which is missing from the JPEG stream:

version number, X and Y pixel density (dots per inch or dots per cm), pixel aspect ratio

(derived from X and Y pixel density), thumbnail.

Additional APPO marker segment(s) can optionally be used to specify JFIF extensions. If

used, these segments must immediately follow the JFIF APPO marker. Decoders should

skip any unsupported JFIF extension segments and continue decoding.

The JFIF extension APPO marker is identified by a zero terminated string: "JFXX". The

JFIF extension APPO marker segment contains a 1-byte code which identifies the

extension. This version, version 1.02, has only one extension defined: an extension for

defining thumbnails stored in formats other than 24 bit RGB.

Additional APPO marker segments can be used to hold application specific information

which does not affect the decodability or displayability of the JFIF file. Applicationspecific APPO marker segments must appear after the JFIF APPO and any JFXX APPO

segments. Decoders should skip any unrecognized application-specific APPO segments.

Application-specific APPO marker segments are identified by a zero terminated string

which identifies the application (not "JFIF" or "JFXX"). This string should be an

organization name or company trademark. Generic strings such as dog, cat, tree, etc.

should not be used.

Y, Cb, and Cr are converted from R, G, and B as defined in CCIR Recommendation 601 but are

normalized so as to occupy the full 256 levels of an 8-bit binary encoding. More precisely:

Y 256 * E'y

Cb 256 * [ E'Cb] + 128

Cr= 256 * [ E'cr] + 128

-

-

=

=
of 0 to 1.0 and those for E'cb and E'cr have a range of -0.5 to +0.5, Y, Cb, and Cr must be

clamped to 255 when they are maximum value.

Y = 0.299 R + 0.587G + 0.114B

Cb = -0.1687 R 0.3313 G + 0.5 B + 128

Cr = 0.5R 0.4187 G 0.0813 B + 128

NOTE Not all image file formats store image samples in the order Ro, Go, Bo,

... Rn, Gn, Bn. Be sure to verify the sample order before converting an RGB file

to JFIF

R = Y + 1.402 (Cr 128)

G = Y 0.34414 (Cb 128) 0.71414 (Cr 128)

B = Y + 1.772 (Cb 128)

In JFIF files, the image orientation is always top-down. This means that the first image

samples encoded in a JFIF file are located in the upper left hand corner of the image and

encoding proceeds from left to right and top to bottom. Top-down orientation is used for

both the full resolution image and the thumbnail image.

The process of converting an image file having bottom-up orientation to JFIF must include

inverting the order of all image lines before JPEG encoding.

Specification of the spatial positioning of pixel samples within components relative to the

samples of other components is necessary for proper image post processing and accurate

image presentation. In JFIF files, the position of the pixels in subsampled components are

defined with respect to the highest resolution component. Since components must be

sampled orthogonally (along rows and columns), the spatial position of the samples in a

given subsampled component may be determined by specifying the horizontal and vertical

offsets of the first sample, i.e. the sample in the upper left corner, with respect to the

highest resolution component.

The horizontal and vertical offsets of the first sample in a subsampled component, Xoffsetj

[0,0] and Yoffsetj [0,0], are defined to be:

Xoffsetj[O,O] = «Nsamplesref I Nsamplesj) I 2) 0.5

Yoffsetj[O,O] = «Nlinesref I Nlinesj) 12) 0.5

- -

- - - -

-

-

-

-

-

-
Nsamplesref is the number of samples per line in the largest component;

Nsamplesj is the number of samples per line in the ith component;

Nlinesref is the number of lines in the largest component;

Nlinesj is the number of lines in the ith component.

Proper subsampling of components incorporates an anti-aliasing filter which reduces the

spectral bandwidth of the full resolution components. Subsampling can easily be

accomplished using a symmetrical digital filter with an even number of taps (coefficients).

A commonly used filter for 2:1 subsampling utilizes two taps (1/2,1/2).

As an example, consider a 3 component image which is comprised of components having

the following dimensions:

Component 1:

Component 2:

Component 3:

256 samples, 288 lines

128 samples, 144 lines

64 samples, 96 lines

NOTE This definition is compatible with industry standards such as Postscript Level 2 and

QuickTime. This definition is not compatible with the conventions used by CCIR

Recommendation 601-1 and other digital video formats. For these formats, pre-processing of

the chrominance components is necessary prior to compression in order to ensure accurate

reconstruction of the compressed image.

The syntax of a JFIF file conforms to the syntax for interchange format defined in Annex B of

ISO DIS 10918-1. In addition, a JFIF file uses APPO marker segments and constrains certain

parameters in the frame header as defined below.

-
X'FF', APPO, length, identifier, version, units, Xdensity, Ydensity, Xthumbnail,

Ythumbnail, (RGBln

Total APPO field byte count, including the byte

count value (2 bytes), but excluding the APPO

marker itself

X'4A', X'46', X'49', X'46', X'OO'

This zero terminated string (nJFIFn) uniquely

identifies this APPO marker. This string shall

have zero parity (bit 7=0).

X'01 02'

The most significant byte is used for major

revisions, the least significant byte for minor

revisions. Version 1.02 is the current released

revision.

Units for the X and Y densities

units 0: no units, X and Y specify the pixel

units 1: X and Yare dots per inch

units 2: X and Yare dots per cm

Packed (24-bit) RGB values for the thumbnail

pixels, n Xthumbnail * Ythumbnail

=

=

=

=

=

=
Immediately following the JFIF APPO marker segment may be a JFIF extension APPO

marker. This JFIF extension APPO marker segment may only be present for JFIF versions

1.02 and above. The syntax of the JFIF extension APpa marker segment is:

Total APPO field byte count, including the byte

count value (2 bytes), but excluding the APPO

marker itself

This zero terminated string ("JFXX") uniquely

identifies this APPO marker. This string shall

have zero parity (bit 7 = 0).

= Code which identifies the extension. In this

version, the following extensions are defined:

= X '10' Thumbnail coded using JPEG

= X '11' Thumbnail stored using 1 byte/pixel

X '13' Thumbnail stored using 3 bytes/pixel

= The specification of the remainder of the JFIF

extension APPO marker segment varies with the

extension. See below for a specification of

extension_data for each extension.

This extension supports thumbnails compressed using JPEG. The compressed thumbnail

immediately follows the extension-code (X '10) in the extension_data field and the length

of the compressed data must be included in the JFIF extension APPO marker length field.

The syntax of the extension_data field conforms to the syntax for interchange format

defined in Annex B of ISO DIS 10918-1. However, no "JFIF" or "JFXX" marker segments

shall be present. As in the full resolution image of the JFIF file, the syntax of

extension_data constrains parameters in the frame header as defined below:

Number of components

1st component

2nd component

3rd component

Nf = 1 or 3

C1 = 1 = Y component

C2 = 2 = Cb component

C3 = 3 = Cr component

=
This extension supports thumbnails stored using one byte per pixel and a color palette in

the extension_data field. The syntax of extension_data is:

palette (768 bytes) 24-bit RGB pixel values for the color palette.

The RGB values define the colors represented

by each value of an 8-bit binary encoding (0

255).

(pixel)n (n bytes) 8-bit values for the thumbnail pixels

n = Xthumbnail * Ythumbnall

This extension supports thumbnails stored using three bytes per pixel in the

extension_data field. The syntax of extension_data is:

Packed (24-bit) RGB values for the thumbnail

pixels, n Xthumbnail * Ythumbnail

• you can identify a JFIF file by looking for the following sequence: X'FF', SOl, X'FF',

APPO, <2 bytes to be skipped>, "JFIF", X'OO'.

• if you use APPO elsewhere, be sure not to have the strings "JFIF" or "JFXX" right after

the APPO marker.

• be sure to check the version number in the special APPO field. In general, if the major version

number of the JFIF file matches that supported by the decoder, the file will be decodable.

• if you only want to specify a pixel aspect ratio, put 0 for the units field in the special APPO

field. Xdensity and Ydensity can then be programmed for the desired aspect ratio. Xdensity

1, Ydensity = 1 will program a 1:1 aspect ratio. Xdensity and Ydensity should always be nonzero.

-

=

=
This example contains a transaction information record (Type-1), a user-defined descriptive

text record (Type-2), a facial image record (Type-10), and a tattoo image record (Type-10).

The pose in the facial image was halfway between a full-face and right profile pose. A

compression ratio of approximately 20:1 and 25:1 was used for the facial record and tattoo

records respectively.

G 1.01:151 s

G 1.06: 1 s

1.07:DCFBIWA6Z

1.08: NY0303000SLAS01 000

G 2.01 :356 s

. G 2.02.00 s

(338 ASCII TEXT CHARACTERS)

~

~

~
G 10.001:14601 s

G 10.002:01 s

G 10.003:FACE s

10.004: NY0303000SLAS01 000

10.005: 19960229

G 10.006:480 s

G 10.007:600 s

G 10.008:0 s

G 10.009:1 s

G 10.012:YCC s

G 10.020:A s

R G 10.022:HAT s GLASSES s

10.999:

X'FFD8', X'FFEO' X'0010

X'4A46494600', X 0102 , X'OO', X'0001', X 0001',

X OO', X'OO',

(FACIAL DATA COMPRESSED @ 20:1 TO

14382 BYTES)

X'FFD9,F s

PHOTO DESCRIPTION (PXS)

*IMAGE DATA (OAT)

SOl & APPO Marker Segment

~

~

'

' ' '

'
COLORS PRESENT (COL)

*IMAGE DATA (OAT)

G 10.001:11797 s

G 10.003:TATTOO s

10.004: NY0303000SLAS01 000

10.005: 19960229

G 10.009:1 s

G 10.012:YCC s

10.040:TAT R ANKL

U G 10.041:5 s10 s

10.042:TATTOO OBJECT NATURE SUNBURST

TATTOO HUMAN ROLES KNIGHT

RUG 10.043:MULTI SGRAY SBLUE s

10.999:

X FFD8', X FFEO' X'0010

X'4A46494600 , X'0102', X OO', X'0001 , X'0001',

X OO', X'OO ,

(TATOO DATA COMPRESSED @ 25:1 TO

11499 BYTES)

X FFD9,F s

~

~

~

~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~

' ' '

' ' '

' '

'