UNITED STATES


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION





Washington, D.C. 20549





FORM 20-F





(Mark One)





o

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934





OR




x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010





OR




o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934





OR




o

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



Date of event requiring this shell company report





Commission file number 000-50790





VUANCE LTD.


(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)




Not Applicable


(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)




Israel


(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)




Sagid House “Ha’Sharon Industrial Park”


P.O.B 5039, Qadima 60920


Israel


(Address of principal executive offices)







Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.





None





Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.





Ordinary Shares NIS 0.0588235 nominal value





Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.





None





Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 7,280,821 ordinary shares as of December 31, 2010.





Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.




Yes oNo x





If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.





Yes oNo o





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such reporting requirements for the past 90 days.





Yes x No o Not applicable












Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):





Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer x





Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.





Item 17  o Item 18  x





If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).





Yes  o No  x





(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.





Yes  o No  o


2





TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 PART INOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
5ITEM 1.  IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS.
6ITEM 2.  OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLES.
6ITEM 3.  KEY INFORMATION.
6Selected Financial Data
6Capitalization and Indebtedness
8Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
8Risk Factors
8ITEM 4.  INFORMATION ON THE CORPORATION.
24History and Development of the Corporation
24Business Overview
28Organizational Structure
35Property, Plants and Equipment
36ITEM 4A.  UNSOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
37ITEM 5.  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS.
37Operating results
37Liquidity and Capital Resources
45Research and Development
49Trend Information
49Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
50Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
50ITEM 6.  DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.
51Directors and Senior Management
51Compensation
52Board Practices
54Employees
57Share Ownership
58ITEM 7.  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.
62Major shareholders
62Related Party Transactions
63Interests of Experts and Counsel
65ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
65Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information (Audited)
65Significant Changes
68ITEM 9.  THE OFFER AND LISTING.
68Offer and Listing Details
68Plan of Distribution
70Markets
70Selling Shareholders
70Dilution
71Expenses of the Issue
71ITEM 10.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
71Share Capital
71  3
  Memorandum and Articles of Association
71Material Contracts
77Exchange Controls
77Taxation
77Dividends and Paying Agent
84Statement by Experts
84Documents on Display
85Subsidiary Information
85ITEM 11.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
85Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market Risk
85ITEM 12.  DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.
86PART IIITEM 13.  DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.
86ITEM 14.  MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
86ITEM 15.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
86ITEM 16.  RESERVED
87ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
87ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS
87ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
88ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
88ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
88PART IIIITEM 17.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
88ITEM 18.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
88ITEM 19.  EXHIBITS.
89SIGNATURE
90
 
 4
 
 NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
 This Annual Report on Form 20-F (“Annual Report”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are not historical facts but rather reflect our present expectations concerning future results and events. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expects,” “may,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “would,” “could” and words and terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance may identify forward-looking statements. These forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: (i) our belief about our competitive position in the tracking, asset management and monitoring, active radio frequency identification (“RFID"), and our ability to become a key technological player in such markets; (ii) our belief about the commercial possibilities for our products in such markets; (iii) our expectation to be able to leverage our current products and technologies for the development of new applications and penetration to additional markets; (iv) our expectation to be able to continue to participate in the government market; (v) our belief about our ability to leverage our public sector experience into the commercial sector; (vi) our belief regarding the effects of competitive pricing on our margins, sales and market share; (vii) our expectations regarding the effects of the legal proceedings we are involved in on our sales and operating performance, including, without limitation to, our belief regarding the merit of the claim of the Department for Resources Supply of the Ministry of Ukraine against us and regarding the Secu-System claim. (See “Legal Proceedings” in Item 8.A); (viii) our belief regarding the fluctuations of our operating results, including our belief about the effects of inflation and the fluctuation of the NIS/dollar exchange rate on our operating results; (ix) our expectations about our future revenues (or absence of revenues); (x) our expectations about the effects of seasonality on our revenues and operating results; (xi) our expectations regarding development and introduction of future products; (xii) our expectations regarding revenues from our existing customer contracts and purchase orders, including, without limitation, the value of our agreement for our end-to-end system for a national multi-ID issuing and control system with the government of a European country and our expectations for increased revenues from sales of additional technology and raw materials to such government; (xiii) our expectations regarding the success of our new active RFID technology; (xiv) our expectations regarding the effectiveness of our marketing programs and generation of business from those programs, including our ability to continue to sell products through strategic alliances and our belief about the role customer service plays in our sales and marketing programs; (xv) our anticipation that sales to a relatively small number of customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales; the timing of our product introductions; increased competition; introduction of new competing technologies; the increase of unexpected expenses; and such other factors discussed below under the captions “Risk Factors” in Item 3.D and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in Item 5 and elsewhere in this Annual Report. We are not under any obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report.
 
 In this Annual Report, all references to "Vuance," the “Company,” "we," "us" or "our" are to Vuance Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel, and its subsidiaries.
 
 In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, all references to "$" or "dollars" are to U.S. dollars and all references to "NIS" are to New Israeli Shekels. Except as otherwise indicated, the financial statements of and information regarding Vuance are presented in U.S. dollars.
  Note:Unless otherwise indicated herein, the prices and quantities of our ordinary shares provided in this Annual Report reflect the 1 to 5.88235 share consolidation (reverse share split) that we completed on April 29, 2007 and which became effective for trading purposes as of May 14, 2007.
 
 5
 
 PART I
  ITEM 1.    Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors.
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 2.    Offer Statistics and Expected Timetables.
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 3.    Key Information.
 
 A.    Selected Financial Data
 
 The following selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and for the years then ended have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and audited by Fahn Kanne & Co., a member of Grant Thornton International. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with and are qualified by reference to Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
  6
 
 SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
  Audited(IN THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)2006



2007(**)



2008(**)



2009



2010Revenues


8,941
(*)


12,236
(*)


18,112



9,304



7,389Cost of Revenues


3,494



4,992



6,945



3,365



2,057Gross Profit


5,447



7,244



11,167



5,939



5,332Operating Expenses:Research and Development


1,362



1,411



1,738



898



386Selling and Marketing


5,619



7,144



9,905



5,131



4,405General and Administrative


2,737



2,728



2,611



1,648



1,985Other (income) expenses


108



134



8



130



(396
)Total Operating Expenses


9,826



11,417



14,262



7,807



6,380Capital gain from the sale of the E-ID Division


10,536



--



--



--



--Operating (Loss) Income


6,157



(4,173
)


(3,095
)


(1,868
)


(1,048
)Financial  Expenses, Net


(204
)


(4,646
)


(3,087
)


(620
)


(678
)Other Expenses, Net


(367
)


--



--



--



--Income (Loss) before Taxes on Income


5,586



(8,819
)


(6,182
)


(2,488
)


(1,726
)Taxes on income


(146
)(*)


(390
)(*)


(137
)


(71
)


(50
)Net Income (Loss) from continuingoperations


5,440



(9,209
)


(6,319
)


(2,559
)


(1,776
)Loss from discontinued operations


--



(2,102
)


(6,039
)


(2,526
)


(189
)Net (Loss) income

$
5,440


$
(11,311
)

$
(12,358
)

$
(5,085
)

$
(1,965
)PER SHARE DATA:Basic earnings (loss) from continuing operations

$
1.37


$
(2.09
)

$
(1.22
)

$
(0.46
)

$
(0.29
)Diluted earnings (loss) from continuing operations

$
1.31


$
(2.09
)

$
(1.22
)

$
(0.46
)

$
(0.29
)Basic and Diluted loss from discontinued operations

$
--


$
(0.48
)

$
(1.17
)

$
(0.46
)

$
(0.03
)Basic earnings (loss) per share

$
1.37


$
(2.57
)

$
(2.39
)

$
(0.92
)

$
(0.32
)Diluted earnings (loss) per share

$
1.31


$
(2.57
)

$
(2.39
)

$
(0.92
)

$
(0.92
)SUMMARY OF BALANCE SHEET DATA:Cash and Cash Equivalents


2,444



2,114



812



656



197Marketable debt securities


11,077



4,054



--



--



--Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtfulaccounts of $ 3,470 and $ 1,553 as ofDecember 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively)


2,625



2,463



840



857



752Inventories, net


270



56



1,307



82



197Total Current Assets


17,992



14,769



6,443



4,236



1,664TOTAL ASSETS


23,098



20,952



8,935



4,682



2,008Total Current Liabilities


5,452



8,916



10,424



6,332



4,500Accrued Severance Pay


323



362



378



304



254SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)


15,001



9,233



(1,867
)


(6,271
)


(7,871
)


(*) Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The changes did not affect net income, cash flow or stockholders equity.
 (**) Due to the sale of certain business activities in January 2010, as described in Item 4 below, those business activities are presented as discontinued operations in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
  7
  B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness
 Not applicable.
 
 C.
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
 
 Not applicable.
 
 D.
Risk Factors
 
 You should carefully consider the following risks together with the other information in this Annual Report in evaluating our business, financial condition and prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we consider immaterial may also impair our business operations, financial results and prospects. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial results and prospects could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and related notes and the Section captioned “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
 
 Risks Related to Our Business
 
 We have a history of annual operating losses and negative cash flows and may not be profitable in the future.
 
 We have incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows since our inception. We had an operating cash flow deficit in each of 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. As of December 31, 2010, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $49,344. We incurred net losses of approximately $11,311,000, $12,358,000, $5,085,000 and  $1,965,000 in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we would have incurred a net loss of $5,096,000, excluding the extraordinary $10,536,000 capital gain from the sale of the E-ID Division. We expect to spend significant amounts of capital to enhance our products and services, develop further sales and operations and fund expansion; and therefore, we may continue to have net operating losses and negative cash flows for the near future. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenue to achieve annual profitability. Even if we do achieve annual profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on an annual basis.
 
 Parts of our operating expense levels are based on internal forecasts for future demand and not on firm customer orders for products or services. Our results may be negatively affected by fluctuating demand for our products and services from one quarter to the next and by increases in the costs of components and raw materials acquired from suppliers.
 
 In 2010 we petitioned the court for a creditor's arrangement under the Israeli Companies Law (the "Creditor Arrangement").  The Creditor Arrangement is supported by a resolution of the general meeting of our shareholders was presented at the meeting of our creditors, and is awaiting final court approval, pending the resolution by the court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by Special Situation Funds, one of our major creditors. Should the completion of the Creditor Arrangement occur, we expect to be released from approximately $5,954,000 of our obligations, as of December 31, 2010. However, should the court not approve our request, and in order to continue as a going concern, we may have to sell additional equity or debt securities and reorganize our debt obligations credit facilities; however there is no certainty that we will be successful in this, or complete it in a timely fashion. For more information on the Creditor Arrangement see below in Item 4A. History and Development of the Corporation under "Recent Developments."
  We will face a need for additional capital and may need to curtail our operations if it is not available.
  We have partially funded our operations through the issuance of equity securities and convertible bonds to investors and may not be able to generate a positive cash flow from operations in the future. Continuation of our current operations after utilizing our current cash reserves is dependent upon the generation of additional financial resources either through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities or other sources of financing or the sale of certain assets of the Company. Any additional financings will likely cause substantial dilution to existing stockholders. If we are unable to obtain necessary additional financing or generate cash from operation, we may be required to reduce the scope of, or cease, our operations. Even if we raise such additional capital, we may be required to reduce the scope of our operations and may need to implement certain operational changes in order to decrease our expenditure level. Our need for additional capital to finance our operations and growth will be greater should, among other things, our revenue or expense estimates prove to be incorrect.
 
 8
 
 The current economic and financial crisis may have a material adverse effect on our results.
  The crisis of the financial and credit markets worldwide in the second half of 2008 has led to an economic slowdown worldwide, and the outlook for 2011 is uncertain. A continuation or worsening of unfavorable economic conditions, including the on-going credit and capital markets disruptions, could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results or financial condition in a number of ways. We may experience declines in revenues, profitability and cash flows as a result of reduced orders, delays in receiving orders or in the completion of projects, delays or defaults in payment or other factors caused by the economic problems of our customers and prospective customers. We may experience supply chain delays, disruptions or other problems associated with financial constraints faced by our suppliers and subcontractors. In addition, changes and volatility in the equity, credit and foreign exchange markets and in the competitive landscape make it increasingly difficult for us to predict our revenues and earnings into the future.
 
 Adverse capital and credit market conditions may impact our ability to access liquidity and capital.
 
 The capital and credit markets have been experiencing extreme volatility and disruption in recent years. We need liquidity in our day-to-day business activities to pay our operating expenses and interest on our debt.
 
 In the event current resources do not satisfy our needs, we may have to seek additional financing. The availability of additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the volume of trading activities, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the possibility that customers or lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. If our internal sources of liquidity prove to be insufficient, there is a risk that external funding sources might not be available or available at unfavorable terms.
 
 Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the capital and credit markets may also limit our access to capital required to operate our business. Such market conditions may limit our ability to raise additional capital to support business growth.
 
 This would have the potential to decrease both our profitability and our financial flexibility. Our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and regulatory capital position could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the financial markets.
 
 Depending on the impact on our business of the current economic crisis, we may face problems in managing any decline in our business.
 
 If the current economic and financial crisis continues to have an adverse impact on the demand for products or their profitability, we may face difficulties in managing a decline in our business. Our success in handling a contraction of our business will depend on our ability, among other things, to:
 
 —
develop efficient forecast methods for evaluating the prospective quantity of products that will be ordered by our customers;—
control inventories of components ordered by our contract manufacturers required to meet actual demand, including but not limited to handling the effects of excess inventories accumulated by such manufacturers;—
reduce the costs of manufacturing our products;—
continue to collect receivables from our customers in full and in a timely manner; and—
properly balance the size and capabilities of our workforce.
 
 If we are unable to manage a decline in business, we could fail to manage the costs associated with all aspects of our business, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
  We expect to face uncertainty in our revenues from our perimeter security and border control projects associated with the European Airport Project.
 
 The revenues from our European International Airport Project for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were $2,182,000, $9,722,000 and $1,961,000, respectively.
 
 Under the terms of our agreement, upon our implementation of the integrated perimeter security system and border control system, the customer was to sign a transmission and acceptance report and we were to enter into the ten-year maintenance period.  As of the filing date of this Form 20-F, the customer has not signed the transmission and acceptance report, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, SBC Aviation Ltd., has not received the final payment from the customer under the agreement in the amount of $465,600.
 
 9
 
 We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from a small number of customers, and the reduction of sales to any one of those customers could adversely impact our operating results by causing a drop in revenues.
 
 We depend on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. In the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, we derived 84%, 88% and 92%, respectively, of our consolidated net revenue from two customers (one customer in 2010). A substantial reduction in sales to, or loss of, any of our significant customers would adversely affect our business unless we were able to replace the revenue we received from those customers, which replacement we may not be able to find. Specifically, changes that may negatively impact the political or economic stability and environment of the European country, from which we derive most of our consolidated net revenues, could adversely affect our business and future operations in such country.
 
 As a result of this concentration of revenue from a limited number of customers and our increased reliance on active RFID technology resulting from our sale of certain assets and liabilities related to our electronic access control market and our Government Services Division including our CSMS and RAPTOR suites, our revenue has experienced wide fluctuations, and we expect our revenue to continue to experience wide fluctuations in the future. Part of our sales is not recurring sales, therefore quarterly and annual sales levels could fluctuate. Sales in any period may not be indicative of sales in future periods.
 
 We are relying on On Track Innovations Ltd. as a subcontractor in projects not transferred as part of the sale of our E-ID Division.
 
 On December 31, 2006, we sold our E-ID Division to On Track Innovations Ltd. (“OTI”), an Israeli public company (NASDAQ: OTIV). Simultaneously, we entered into a service and supply agreement with OTI under which OTI agreed to act as our subcontractor and provide services, products and materials necessary to carry out and complete our obligations with regard to certain projects that were not transferred to OTI (the “Existing Projects”) (see description of this transaction under the caption “The OTI Transaction” in Item 4.A).We will be dependent on OTI to adequately provide such services, products, and materials in order for us to be in good standing under, and successfully complete, these projects. If OTI fails to fulfill its obligations and provide such services and products as necessary for the Existing Projects arising from any reason, it could delay our receipt of revenues for these projects, subject us to certain remedies available to our customers in the Existing Projects, and damage our business reputation, and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
 Our reliance on third party technologies, raw materials and components for the development of some of our products and our reliance on third parties for manufacturing may delay product launches, impair our ability to develop and deliver products or hurt our ability to compete in the market.
 
 Most of our products integrate third-party technology that we license and/or raw materials and components that we purchase or otherwise obtain the right to use, including: operating systems, microchips, security and cryptography technology for card operating systems, which prevents unauthorized parties from tampering with our cards, and dual interface technology, which enables cards to operate in both contact and contactless mode. Our ability to purchase and license new technologies and components from third parties is and will continue to be critical to our ability to offer a complete line of products that meets customer needs and technological requirements. We may not be able to renew our existing licenses or to purchase components and raw materials on favorable terms, if at all. If we lose the rights to a patented technology, we may need to stop selling or may need to redesign our products that incorporate that technology, and we may lose the potential competitive advantage such technology gave us. In addition, competitors could obtain licenses for technologies for which we are unable to obtain licenses, and third parties may develop or enable others to develop a similar solution to security issues, either of which could adversely affect our results of operations. Also, dependence on the patent protection of third parties may not afford us any control over the protection of the technologies upon which we rely. If the patent protection of any of these third parties were compromised, our ability to compete in the market could also be impaired.
 
 We usually do not have minimum supply commitments from our vendors for our raw materials or components and generally purchase raw materialsand components on a purchase order basis. Although we generally use standard raw materials and components for our systems, some of the key raw materials or components are available only from a single source or from limited sources. Many of our products are only available from limited sources. Even where multiple sources are available, we typically obtain components and raw materials from only one vendor to ensure high quality, prompt delivery and low cost. If one of our suppliers were unable to meet our supply demands and we could not quickly replace the source of supply, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, for reasons including a delay of receipt of revenues and damage to our business reputation.
 
 10
 
 Delays in deliveries from our suppliers, defects in goods or components supplied by our vendors, or delays in projects that are performed by our subcontractors could cause our revenues and gross margins to decline.
 
 We rely on a limited number of vendors and subcontractors for certain components of the products we are supplying and projects we perform. In some cases, we rely on a single source vendor or subcontractor. Any undetected flaws in components or other materials to be supplied by our vendors could lead to unanticipated costs to repair or replace these parts or materials. Even though there are multiple suppliers, we purchase some of our components from single suppliers to take advantage of volume discounts, which presents a risk that the components may not be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Although we believe that there are additional suppliers for the equipment and supplies that we require, we may not be able to make such alternative arrangements promptly. If one of our suppliers were unable to meet our supply demands and we could not quickly replace the source of supply, it could cause a delay of receipt of revenues and damage our business reputation. We depend on subcontractors to adequately perform a substantial part of our projects. If a subcontractor fails to fulfill its obligations under a certain project, it could delay our receipt of revenues for such project and damage our business reputation, and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
 We acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock capital of Security Holding Corporation in 2007 and completed the sale of this activity in 2010. Certain unexpected outcomes of this acquisition and sale are not yet known.
 
 In July 2007, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock capital of Security Holding Corp. (“SHC”).
 
 Prior to completion of the acquisition, we conducted a due diligence review of SHC; however, we cannot guarantee that all contingent liabilities were brought to our knowledge. A material liability that had not been discovered in the due diligence process, or since, might affect our business.
  In January 2010 we completed the sale of certain of the assets (including certain accounts receivable and inventory) and certain of the liabilities (including certain accounts payable) of Vuance Inc. acquired in the acquisition of SHC (see a description of this transaction under the caption “History of the Company” in Item 4.A). In connection with the sale, we recognized an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. Additionally, the sales agreement included an indemnification provision pursuant to which, Vuance Inc. agreed to indemnify the purchaser from and against any claim or liability of Vuance Inc. or of ours, which may be asserted against the purchaser, with the exception of certain business debts and other liabilities agreed to by the purchaser. Should we be required to indemnify the purchaser our financial results could be materially adversely affected.
 
 We acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Intelli-Site, Inc in 2009 and completed the sale of this activity in 2010. Certain unexpected outcomes of this acquisition and sale are not yet known.
 
 In March 2009, we acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Intelli-Site, Inc. (“Intelli-Site”). Prior to completion of the acquisition, we conducted a due diligence review of Intelli-Site; however, we cannot guarantee that all contingent liabilities were brought to our knowledge. A material liability that had not been discovered in the due diligence process might affect our business.
  In January 2010 we completed the sale of certain of the assets (including certain accounts receivable and inventory) and certain of the liabilities (including certain accounts payable) of Vuance Inc. acquired in the acquisition of Intelli-Site (see a description of this transaction under the caption “History of the Company” in Item 4.A).  In connection with the sale, we recognized an impairment of intangible assets. Also, the sales agreement included an indemnification clause pursuant to which, each of the parties shall indemnify the other upon the occurrence of certain agreed upon events. Should we be required to indemnify the purchaser our financial results could be materially adversely affected.
 We may pursue acquisitions or investments in complementary technologies and businesses. We may be unsuccessful in integrating the acquired businesses and/or complementary technologies and businesses, the acquisition of which we may pursue in the future, and such integrations could divert our resources and adversely affect our financial results.
 
 Other than Intelli-Site and SHC, we have not made any other acquisitions. Integrating newly acquired business or technologies into our business could divert our management’s attention from other business concerns and could be expensive and time-consuming. Acquisitions could expose our business to unforeseen liabilities or risks associated with entering new markets. Consequently, we might not be successful in integrating the acquired businesses, technologies or products into our existing business and products, and might not achieve anticipated revenue or cost benefits. In the future, we may pursue acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary technologies and businesses. We may be unable to identify suitable acquisition candidates in the future or to make these acquisitions on a commercially reasonable basis, or at all. Such acquisitions present a number of potential risks and challenges that could, if not met, disrupt our business operations, increase our operating costs and reduce the value to us of the acquired company. For example, if we identify an acquisition candidate, we may not be able to successfully negotiate or finance the acquisition on favorable terms. In addition, future acquisitions could result in customer dissatisfaction, performance problems with an acquired company, or require us to issue equity securities, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or have amortization expenses and write-downs of acquired assets, which could adversely affect our profitability.
 
 11
 
 Our dependence on third-party distributors, sales agents and value-added resellers could result in marketing and distribution delays, which would prevent us from generating sales revenues.
 
 We market and sell some of our products using a network of distributors covering the United States and parts of Europe. We establish relationships with distributors and resellers through agreements that provide prices, discounts and other material terms and conditions under which the reseller is eligible to purchase our systems and products for resale. These agreements generally do not grant exclusivity to the distributors and resellers and, as a general matter, are not long-term contracts, do not have commitments for minimum sales, and could be terminated by the distributor. We do not have agreements with all of our distributors. We are currently engaged in discussions with other potential distributors, sales agents, and value-added resellers. Such arrangements may never be finalized and, if finalized, such arrangements may not increase our revenues or enable us to achieve profitability.
 
 Our ability to terminate a distributor who is not performing satisfactorily may be limited. Inadequate performance by a distributor could adversely affect our ability to develop markets in the regions for which the distributor is responsible and could result in substantially greater expenditures by us in order to develop such markets. Our operating results will be highly dependent upon: (i) our ability to maintain our existing distributor arrangements; (ii) our ability to establish and maintain coverage of major geographic areas and establish access to customers and markets; and (iii) the ability of our distributors, sales agents, and value-added resellers to successfully market our products. A failure to achieve these objectives could result in lower revenues.
 
 Third parties could obtain access to our proprietary information or could independently develop similar technologies.
 
 Despite the precautions we take, third parties may copy or obtain and use our technologies, ideas, know-how and other proprietary information without authorization or may independently develop technologies similar or superior to our technologies. In addition, the confidentiality and non-competition agreements between us and most of our employees, distributors and clients may not provide meaningful protection of our proprietary technologies or other intellectual property in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. If we are not able to successfully defend our industrial or intellectual property rights, we may lose rights to technologies that we need to develop our business, which may cause us to lose potential revenues, or we may be required to pay significant license fees for the use of such technologies. To date, we have relied primarily on a combination of patent, trade secret and copyright laws, as well as nondisclosure and other contractual restrictions on copying, reverse engineering and distribution to protect our proprietary technology.
 
 Our future patents may provide only limited protection for our technology and may not be sufficient to provide competitive advantages to us. For example, competitors could be successful in challenging any issued patents or, alternatively, could develop similar or more advantageous technologies on their own or design around our patents. Any inability to protect intellectual property rights in our technology could enable third parties to compete more effectively with us and/or could reduce our ability to compete. In addition, these efforts to protect our intellectual property rights could require us to incur substantial costs even when our efforts are successful.
 
 In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of Israel or the United States. Our means of protecting our intellectual property rights in Israel, the United States or any other country in which we operate may not be adequate to fully protect our intellectual property rights.
 
 Third parties may assert that we are infringing their intellectual property rights.
 
 We may face intellectual property litigation, which could be costly, harm our reputation, limit our ability to sell our products, force us to modify our products or obtain appropriate licenses, and divert the attention of management and technical personnel.
 
 Our products employ technology that may infringe on the proprietary rights of others, and, as a result, we could become liable for significant damages and suffer other harm to our business. Other than the ongoing litigation with Secu-Systems Ltd., as described in Item 8 below under the caption “Legal Proceedings,” we have not been subject to intellectual property litigation to date. On August 8, 2003, we received a letter stating that we may be infringing certain patents of third parties with respect to our hot lamination process for plastic cards. We reviewed the claims made in the letter and we do not believe that our products or technology infringe any third party's patents as claimed in the letter. Since the initial letter, we received another letter dated July 13, 2004 from the same party requesting that we respond to their claim and stating that attractive licenses are available. On August 11, 2004, we responded to this letter and indicated that we were not infringing upon such parties’ patents. To date, no infringement claims have been filed against us in connection with the foregoing letters. We believe that hot lamination of plastic cards is a widely known process that is used by most card manufacturers. Even if it were determined that we are infringing such third party’s patents, we believe that we could use another process to laminate plastic cards without materially affecting our business. On December 2, 2005, we received a letter stating that we may be infringing certain patents of third parties with respect to our former Smart DSMS product for incident response management. We reviewed the claims made in the letter and we do not believe that our products or technology infringe any third party's patents as claimed in the letter. On February 21, 2006, after thorough investigation that included legal counseling, we responded to the letter while declining the claims in the letter. Since the initial letter, we received another letter dated August 1, 2007 from the same party stating that "at least on the surface" it appears that we are infringing one of their patents based on a line written in our website. On September 6, 2007, we responded to this letter and indicated that we were not infringing upon such party’s patents. To date, no infringement claims have been filed against us in connection with the foregoing letters. We believe that our former Smart DSMS product lacked key features recited in each of the claims mentioned because the product did not perform steps of assigning and recording as recited in the party's patent.
 
 12
 
 Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce any patents we may obtain and/or any other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity, and we may not prevail in any such future litigation. Litigation, whether or not determined in our favor or settled, could be costly, could harm our reputation and could divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel from normal business operations. In addition, adverse determinations in litigation could result in the loss of our proprietary rights, subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses from third parties, prevent us from licensing our technology or selling or manufacturing our products, or require us to expend significant resources to modify our products or attempt to develop non-infringing technology, any of which could seriously harm our business.
 
 Our products may contain technology provided to us by third parties. Because we did not develop such technology ourselves, we may have little or no ability to determine in advance whether such technology infringes the intellectual property rights of any other party. Our suppliers and licensors may not be required to indemnify us in the event that a claim of infringement is asserted against us, or they may be required to indemnify us only with respect to intellectual property infringement claims in certain jurisdictions, and/or only up to a maximum amount, above which we would be responsible for any further costs or damages. In addition, we have indemnification obligations to certain parties, as well as to OTI, with respect to any infringement of third-party patents and intellectual property rights by our products. If litigation were to be filed against these parties in connection with our technology, we would be required to defend and indemnify such parties.
 
 We may be plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions from time to time.
 
 From time to time, we are the defendant or plaintiff in various legal actions, which arise in the normal course of business. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of reserves required for these contingencies, if any, which would be charged to earnings, is made after careful and considered analysis of each individual action with our legal advisors. The required reserves may change in the future due to new developments in each matter or changes in circumstances, such as a change in settlement strategy. A change in the required reserves would affect our earnings in the period the change is made. For more information on the above and our ongoing litigation see under the caption “Legal Proceedings” in Item 8.
 
 A security breach of our internal systems or those of our customers could harm our business by adversely affecting the market's perception of our products and services, thereby causing our revenues to decline.
 
 For us to further penetrate the marketplace, the marketplace must be confident that we provide effective security protection for national and other secured identification documents and cards. Although we have not experienced any act of sabotage or unauthorized access by a third party of our software or technology to date, if an actual or perceived breach of security occurs in our internal systems or those of our customers, regardless of whether we caused the breach, it could adversely affect the market's perception of our products and services. This could cause us to lose customers, resellers, alliance partners or other business partners, thereby causing our revenues to decline. If we or our customers were to experience a breach of our internal systems, our business could be severely harmed by adversely affecting the market's perception of our products and services.
 
 We may be exposed to significant liability for actual or perceived failure to provide required products or services which could damage our reputation and adversely affect our business by causing our revenues to decline and our costs to rise.
  Products as complex as those we offer may contain undetected errors or may fail when first introduced or when new versions are released. Despite our product testing efforts and testing by current and potential customers, it is possible that errors will be found in new products or enhancements after commencement of commercial shipments. The occurrence of product defects or errors could result in adverse publicity, delay in product introduction, diversion of resources to remedy defects, loss of or a delay in market acceptance, or claims by customers against us, or could cause us to incur additional costs or lose revenues, any of which could adversely affect our business.
 
 13
 
 Because our customers rely on our products for critical security applications, we may be exposed to claims for damages allegedly caused to a customer as a result of an actual or perceived failure of our products. An actual or perceived breach of security systems of one of our customers, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our products or solutions, could adversely affect our business reputation. Furthermore, our failure or inability to meet a customer's expectations in the performance of our services, or to do so in the time frame required by the customer, regardless of our responsibility for the failure, could result in a claim for substantial damages against us by the customer, discourage other customers from engaging us for these services, and damage our business reputation. We carry product liability insurance, but existing coverage may not be adequate to cover potential claims.
 
 We carry a combined products liability and professional liability insurance. We believe that this insurance coverage is comparable to that of other similar companies in our industry. However, that insurance may not continue to be available to us on reasonable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or the insurer may disclaim coverage as to any future claim. We do not maintain insurance coverage for theft by employees, nor do we maintain specific insurance coverage for any interruptions in our business operations. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductibles or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our business by significantly increasing our costs.
 
 Our efforts to expand our international operations are subject to a number of risks, any of which could adversely reduce our future international sales and increase our losses.
 
 Most of our revenues to date have been generated in jurisdictions other than the United States. Our inability to obtain or maintain federal or foreign regulatory approvals relating to the import or export of our products on a timely basis could adversely affect our ability to expand our international business. Additionally, our international operations could be subject to a number of risks, any of which could adversely affect our future international sales and operating results, including:
 
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increased collection risks;
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trade restrictions;
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export duties and tariffs;
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uncertain political, regulatory and economic developments;
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inability to protect our intellectual property rights;
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highly aggressive competitors; and
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currency issues.
 
 In addition, in many countries the national security organizations require our employees to obtain clearance before such employees can work on a particular transaction. Failure to receive or delays in the receipt of, relevant foreign qualifications could also have a material adverse effect on our ability to obtain sales at all or on a timely basis. Additionally, as foreign government regulators have become increasingly stringent, we may be subject to more rigorous regulation by governmental authorities in the future. If we fail to adequately address any of these regulations, our business will be harmed.
 
 We have sought in the past and may seek in the future to enter into contracts with the U.S. government, and other governments, as well as state and local governmental agencies and municipalities, which subjects us to certain risks associated with such types of contracts.
 
 Most contracts with the U.S. government, and other governments, or with state or local agencies or municipalities (“Governmental Contracts”) are awarded through a competitive bidding process, and some of the business that we expect to seek in the future will likely be subject to a competitive bidding process. Competitive bidding presents a number of risks, including:
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the frequent need to compete against companies or teams of companies with more financial and marketing resources and more experience than we have in bidding on and performing major contracts;
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the need to compete against companies or teams of companies that may be long-term, entrenched incumbents for a particular contract we are competing for and which have, as a result, greater domain expertise and established customer relations;
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the substantial cost and managerial time and effort necessary to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may not be awarded to us;
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the need to accurately estimate the resources and cost structure that will be required to service any fixed-price contract that we are awarded;and
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the expense and delay that may arise if our competitors protest or challenge new contract awards made to us pursuant to competitive bidding or subsequent contract modifications, and the risk that any of these protests or challenges could result in the resubmission of bids on modified specifications, or in termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract.
 
 14
 
 We may not be afforded the opportunity in the future to bid on contracts that are held by other companies, and are scheduled to expire, if the U.S. government, or other governments, or the applicable state or local agency or municipality determines to extend the existing contract. If we are unable to win particular contracts that are awarded through the competitive bidding process, we may not be able to operate in the market for the products and services that are provided under those contracts for a number of years. If we are unable to win new contract awards or retain those contracts, if any, that we are awarded over any extended period, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
 
 In addition, Governmental Contracts subject us to risks associated with public budgetary restrictions and uncertainties, actual contracts that are less than awarded contract amounts, and cancellation at any time at the option of the governmental agency. Any failure to comply with the terms of any Governmental Contracts could result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, as well as suspension from future contracts for a significant period of time, any of which could adversely affect our business by requiring us to pay significant fines and penalties or prevent us from earning revenues from Governmental Contracts during the suspension period. Cancellation of any one of our major Governmental Contracts could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
 
 The U.S. government, or other governments, may be in a position to obtain greater rights with respect to our intellectual property than we would grant to other entities. Governmental agencies also have the power, based on financial difficulties or investigations of their contractors, to deem contractors unsuitable for new contract awards. Because we will engage in the government contracting business, we will be subject to audits, and may be subject to investigation, by governmental entities. Failure to comply with the terms of any Governmental Contracts could result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, as well as suspension from future contracts for a significant period of time, any of which could adversely affect our business by requiring us to pay the fines and penalties and prohibiting us from earning revenues from Governmental Contracts during the suspension period.
 
 Furthermore, governmental programs can experience delays or cancellation of funding, which can be unpredictable. For example, the U.S. military’s involvement in Iraq has caused the diversion of some Department of Defense funding away from certain projects in which we participated in the past, thereby delaying orders under certain of our governmental contracts. This may make it difficult to forecast our revenues on a quarter-by-quarter basis.
 
 The markets that we target for a substantial part of our future growth are in very early stages of development, and if they do not develop our business may not grow as much or as profitably as we hope.
 
 Many of the markets that we target for our future growth are small or non-existent and need to develop if we are to achieve our growth objectives. If some or all of these markets do not develop, or if they develop more slowly than we anticipate, then we will not grow as quickly or as profitably as we hope. In February 2006, we announced the introduction of a new technology and solution for actively tracking people, objects and assets, Active RFID Tracking Systems (“PureRF”). This new technology was developed in response to growing market demand for asset tracking solutions in the homeland security and commercial markets.
  Although we believe the government market is critical to our success in the short term, we believe that both the government and commercial markets will be critical to our long-term success. The development of these markets will depend on many factors that are beyond our control, including the following factors (and other factors discussed elsewhere in the Risk Factors): (i) there can be no assurances that we will be able to continue to apply our expertise and solutions developed for the government market to the commercial market; (ii) the ability of the commercial markets to adopt and implement the active RFID solutions; and (iii) the ability of our management to successfully market our technologies to such government and/or commercial entities.
 
 The success of the active RFID business line is dependent on several factors.
 
 The success of our active RFID business line is dependent on several factors, including proper new product definitions, product costs, timely completion and introduction of the new product, differentiation of the new product from those of our competitors, and market acceptance of the product, as well as our existing and potential customers’ varying budgets for capital expenditures and new product introduction. We have addressed the need to develop new products through our internal development efforts and joint development efforts with other companies. In light of the OTI Transaction and the sale of certain assets and liabilities related to our electronic access control market and our Government Services Division including our CSMS and RAPTOR suites, the active RFID product line is anticipated to be our main revenue growth generator in the future. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify new product opportunities and/or develop and bring new products to market in a timely manner, or that the products and technologies developed by others will not render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. The failure of our new product development efforts could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and future growth.
 
 15
 
 If our technology and solutions ceases to be adopted and used by government and commercial organizations, we may lose some of our existing customers and increase our losses.
 
 Our ability to grow depends significantly on whether governmental and commercial organizations adopt our technology and solutions as part of their new standards and whether we will be able to leverage our expertise with government products into commercial products. If these organizations do not adopt our technology, we might not be able to penetrate some of the new markets we are targeting, or we might lose some of our existing customer base. There also can be no assurances that we will be able to continue to apply our expertise and solutions developed for the public sector to the commercial market.
 
 In order for us to achieve our growth objectives, our RFID technology must be adapted to and adopted in a variety of areas, including, but not limited to:
 
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public safety and emergency;
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asset management;
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patient and critical equipment tracking in the health care sector;
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building automation;
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patient wandering in the homecare market;
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transportation applications using active RFID as method of monitoring and control; and
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access control in such fields as education and health care.
 
 Any or all of these areas may not adopt our RFID technology.
 
 We cannot accurately predict the future growth rate, if any, or the ultimate size of the RFID technology markets. The expansion of the market for our products and services depends on a number of factors such as:
 
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the cost, performance and reliability of our products and services compared to the products and services of our competitors;
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customer perception of the benefits of our RFID based solutions;
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public perception of the intrusiveness of these solutions and the manner in which organizations use the information collected;
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public perception of the confidentiality of private information;
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customer satisfaction with our products and services; and
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marketing efforts and publicity for our products and services.
 
 Even if our RFID solutions gain wide market acceptance, our products and services may not adequately address market requirements and may not gain wide market acceptance. If our solutions or our products and services do not gain wide market acceptance, our business and our financial results will suffer.
 
 We need to develop our position as a provider of RFID enabled security solutions and services to earn high margins from our technology, and if we are unable to develop such position, our business will not be as profitable as we hope, if at all.
 
 The increasing sophistication of our RFID technology places a premium on providing innovative software systems and services to customers, in addition to manufacturing and supplying RFID technology. While we have had some early success positioning ourselves as a provider of such services and systems, we may not continue to be successful with this strategy and we may not be able to capture a significant share of the market for the sophisticated services and systems that we believe are likely to produce attractive margins in the future. A significant portion of the value of our RFID technology lies in the development of software and applications that will permit the use of RFID technology in new markets. In contrast, the margins involved in manufacturing and selling RFID technology can be relatively small, and may not be sufficient to permit us to earn an attractive return on our development investments.
 
 16
 
 The time from our initial contact with a customer to a sale may be long and subject to delays, which could result in the postponement of our receipt of revenues from one accounting period to the next, increasing the variability of our results of operations and causing significant fluctuations in our revenue from quarter to quarter.
  The period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the purchase of our products and services is often long and subject to delays associated with the budgeting, approval and competitive evaluation processes that frequently accompany significant capital expenditures, particularly by governmental agencies. The typical sales cycle for our government customers has, to date, ranged from three to 24 months and the typical sales cycle for our commercial customers has ranged from one to six months. A lengthy sales cycle may have an impact on the timing of our revenue, which may cause our quarterly operating results to fall below investor expectations. We believe that a customer's decision to purchase our products and services is discretionary, involves a significant commitment of resources, and is influenced by customer budgetary cycles. To successfully sell our products and services, we generally must educate our potential customers regarding their use and benefits, which can require significant time and resources. This significant expenditure of time and resources may not result in actual sales of our products and services.
 
 Due to the nature of our business, our financial and operating results could fluctuate.
 
 Our financial and operating results have fluctuated in the past and could fluctuate in the future from quarter to quarter and from year to year for the following reasons:
 
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long customer sales cycles;
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reduced demand for our products and services;
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price reductions;
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new competitors, or the introduction of enhanced products or services from new or existing competitors;
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changes in the mix of products and services we or our customers and distributors sell;
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contract cancellations, delays or amendments by customers;
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the lack of government demand for our products and services or the lack of government funds appropriated to purchasing our products and services;
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unforeseen legal expenses, including litigation costs;
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expenses related to acquisitions;
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other non-recurring financial charges;
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the lack of availability, or increased cost, of key components and subassemblies;
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the inability to successfully manufacture in volume, and reduce the price of, certain of our products; and
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impairment loss of goodwill and intangible assets.
 
 The fair value of Vuance, Inc., our U.S. subsidiary, caused a significant goodwill and other intangible assets impairment loss in 2008 and 2009.
 
 As part of the annual review for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other" in November 2008, we examined the fair value of the intangible assets and the goodwill and in doing so, considered in part, a third party expert services. The valuation referred to Vuance, Inc. as a single reporting unit. The valuation was conducted on a going concern basis. Since Vuance, Inc. is closely-held, and thus without a public market for its ownership interests, the appraisal was conducted according to common appraisal practices, and based on the Free Discounted Cash-Flows ("DCF") method.  In addition, we received market indication with respect to the fair value of Vuance, Inc. in the first quarter of 2009. Based on the above we were required to recognize in 2008 an impairment loss in the amount of approximately $3,235,000.
 
 Due to the sale of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Vuance, Inc. in the first quarter of 2010 (see a description of this transaction under the caption “History of the Company” in Item 4.A), as of December 31, 2009 we recognized an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets in the amount of $1,119,000 and presented the balance of $1,996,000 and $1,599,000 as assets attributed to discontinued operations and liabilities attributed to discontinued operations, respectively, in our financial statements.
 
 The lead time for ordering parts for and manufacturing our products can be significantly long and therefore based on forecasted demands rather than actual orders received.
 
 The lead time for ordering parts and materials and building many of our products can be many months. As a result, we must order parts and materials and build our products based on forecasted demand. If demand for our products lags significantly behind our forecasts, we may produce more products than we can sell, which can result in cash flow problems and write-offs or write-downs of obsolete inventory.
 
 17
 
 Our markets are highly competitive and competition could harm our ability to sell products and services and could reduce our market share.
 
 The market for RFID enabled products is intensely competitive. We expect competition to increase as the industry grows and as RFID technology begins to converge with the access control and information technology industry. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors. We face competition from technologically sophisticated companies, many of which have substantially greater technical, financial, and marketing resources than we do. In some cases, we compete with entities that have pre-existing relationships with potential customers. As the active RFID enabled solutions market expands, we expect additional competitors to enter the market.
 
 Some of our competitors and potential competitors have larger technical staffs, larger customer bases, more established distribution channels, greater brand recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. Our competitors may be able to develop products and services that (i) are superior to our products and services, (ii) achieve greater customer acceptance or (iii) have significantly improved functionality as compared to our existing and future products and services. In addition, our competitors may be able to negotiate strategic relationships on more favorable terms than we are able to negotiate. Many of our competitors may also have well-established relationships with our existing and prospective customers. Increased competition may result in our experiencing reduced margins, loss of sales or decreased market share.
 
 The average selling prices for our products may decline as a result of competitive pricing pressures, promotional programs and customers who negotiate price reductions in exchange for longer-term purchase commitments. The pricing of products depends on the specific features and functions of the products, purchase volumes and the level of sales and service support required. As we experience pricing pressure, the average selling prices and gross margins for our products may decrease over product lifecycles. These same competitive pressures may require us to write down the carrying value of any inventory on hand, which could adversely affect our operating results and earnings per share.
 
 We rely on the services of certain executive officers and key personnel, the loss of which could adversely affect our operations by causing a disruption to our business.
 
 Our future success depends largely on the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and senior management and other key employees, including technical and sales personnel. The loss of the services of any of these persons could disrupt our business until replacements, if available, are found. We do not maintain any key-person insurance for any of our employees.
 
 Our ability to remain competitive depends in part on attracting, hiring and retaining qualified technical personnel; if we are not successful in such hiring and retention, our business could be disrupted.
 
 Our future success depends in part on the availability of qualified technical personnel, including personnel trained in software and hardware applications within specialized fields. As a result, we may not be able to successfully attract or retain skilled technical employees, which may impede our ability to develop, install, implement and otherwise service our software and hardware systems and to efficiently conduct our operations.
 
 The information technology and network security industries are characterized by a high level of employee mobility and the market for technical personnel remains extremely competitive in certain regions, including Israel. This competition means that (i) there are fewer highly qualified employees available for hire, (ii) the costs of hiring and retaining such personnel are high, and (iii) highly qualified employees may not remain with us once hired. Furthermore, there may be pressure to provide technical employees with stock options and other equity interests in us, which may dilute our shareholders and increase our expenses.
 
 The additions of new personnel and the departure of existing personnel, particularly in key positions, can be disruptive, might lead to additional departures of existing personnel and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
 Our planned growth will place significant strain on our financial and managerial resources and may negatively affect our results of operations and ability to grow more.
 
 Our ability to manage our growth effectively will require us:
 
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to continue to improve our operations, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures;
  18
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to train, motivate and manage our employees; and
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as required, to install new management information systems.
 
 Our existing management and any new members of management may not be able to augment or improve existing systems and controls, or implement new systems and controls, in response to anticipated future growth. If we are successful in achieving our growth plans, such growth is likely to place a significant burden on the operating and financial systems, resulting in increased responsibility for our senior management and other personnel.
 
 Some of our products are subject to government regulation of radio frequency technology which could cause a delay in introducing, or an inability to introduce, such products in the United States and other markets.
 
 The rules and regulations of the United States Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC") limit the radio frequency used by and level of power emitting from electronic equipment. Our readers, controllers and other radio frequency technology scanning equipment are required to comply with these FCC rules which may require certification, verification or registration of the equipment with the FCC. Certification and verification of new equipment requires testing to ensure the equipment's compliance with the FCC's rules. The equipment must be labeled according to the FCC's rules to show compliance with these rules. Testing, processing of the FCC's equipment certificate or FCC registration and labeling may increase development and production costs and could delay introduction of our verification scanning device and next generation radio frequency technology scanning equipment into the U.S. market. Electronic equipment permitted or authorized to be used by us through FCC certification or verification procedures must not cause harmful interference to licensed FCC users, and may be subject to radio frequency interference from licensed FCC users. Selling, leasing or importing non-compliant equipment is considered a violation of FCC rules and federal law, and violators may be subject to an enforcement action by the FCC. Any failure to comply with the applicable rules and regulations of the FCC could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition by increasing our compliance costs and/or limiting our sales in the United States.
 
 We are exposed to special risks in foreign markets which may make operating in those markets difficult and thereby force us to curtail our business operations.
 
 In conducting our business in foreign countries, we are subject to political, economic, legal, operational and other risks that are inherent in operating in other countries. Risks inherent to operating in other countries range from difficulties in settling transactions in emerging markets to possible nationalization, expropriation, price control and other restrictive governmental actions. We also face the risk that exchange controls or similar restrictions imposed by foreign governmental authorities may restrict our ability to convert local currency received or held by it in their countries into U.S. dollars or other currencies, or to take those dollars or other currencies out of those countries.
  Risks Related to our Location and Incorporation in Israel
 
 Conditions in Israel affect our operations in Israel and may limit our ability to sell our products and services.
 
 We are incorporated under Israeli law and we also operate offices located in Israel. Political, economic and military conditions in Israel may directly affect our operations and business. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors and a state of hostility, varying from time to time in degree and intensity, has led to security and economic problems for Israel. Although Israel has entered into various agreements with its Arab neighbors and the Palestinian Authority, there has been an increase in unrest and terrorist activity in Israel, as well as in countries bordering on Israel, in varying levels of severity, since September 2000. The election in early 2006 of representatives of Hamas, an Islamic resistance movement, to a majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council and the resulting tension among the different Palestinian factions has created additional unrest and uncertainty. Since February 2011, Egypt is has experienced political turbulence, following the resignation of Hosni Mubarak as president, due to ongoing including protests throughout Egypt, and the appointment of a military regime in his stead, which may damage the current peaceful and diplomatic relations between Israel and Egypt, which would could affect the region as a whole. Similar civil unrest and political turbulence has occurred in other countries in the region and is affecting the political stability of those countries.  This instability may lead to deterioration of the political and economic relationships that exist between the State of Israel and some of these countries. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and is widely believed to be developing nuclear weapons. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. These situations may potentially escalate in the future to more violent events which may affect Israel and us. Furthermore, several countries still restrict trade with Israeli companies and additional countries may impose such restrictions as a result of changes in the military and/or political conditions in Israel and/or the surrounding countries, which may limit our ability to make sales in, or purchase components from, those countries. Any future armed conflict, such as the armed conflict that occurred during July and August, 2006 between Israel and Hezbollah, a Lebanese Islamist Shiite militia group and political party, which involved rocket attacks on populated areas in Northern Israel, or political instability, continued violence in the region or restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot predict the effect on us of these uprisings, an increase in hostilities or any future armed conflict, political instability or violence in the region. Any events that affect the State of Israel or the surrounding region may impact us in unpredictable ways. No predictions can be made as to whether or when a final resolution of the area’s problems will be achieved or the nature thereof and to what extent the situation will impact Israel’s economic development or our operations.
 
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 Our operations could be disrupted as a result of the obligation of management or key personnel to perform military service in Israel.
 
 Generally, all nonexempt male adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel under the age of 40, or older for reserves officers or citizens with certain occupations, as well as certain female adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel, are obligated to perform annual military reserve duty and are subject to being called for active duty at any time under emergency circumstances. We believe that a maximum of 25% of our employees at any one time, could be called for active duty under emergency circumstances. While we have operated effectively under these requirements since our incorporation, we cannot predict the full impact of such conditions on us in the future, particularly if emergency circumstances occur. If many of our employees are called for active duty, our operations in Israel and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
 
 Your rights and responsibilities as a shareholder will be governed by Israeli law and differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under U.S. law.
 
 We are incorporated under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and customary manner in exercising his or her rights and fulfilling his or her obligations toward the company and other shareholders, and to refrain from misusing his power, including, among other things, when voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli law provides that these duties are applicable to shareholder votes on, among other things, amendments to a company’s articles of association, increases in a company’s authorized share capital and mergers and interested party transactions requiring shareholder approval. A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from exploiting any other shareholder of his or her rights as a shareholder. In addition, a controlling shareholder of an Israeli company or a shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote or who, under our Articles of Association, has the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of a director or executive officer in the company, has a duty of fairness toward the company. Israeli law does not define the substance of this duty of fairness, but provides that remedies generally available upon a breach of contract will apply also in the event of a breach of the duty to act with fairness. Because Israeli corporate law has undergone extensive revision in recent years, there is little case law available to assist in understanding the implications of these provisions that govern shareholder behavior.
 
 Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or otherwise encumber a merger with or an acquisition of our company, which could prevent a change of control, even when the terms of such transaction are favorable to us and our shareholders.
 
 Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to some of our shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel exempting such shareholders from Israeli tax. These provisions of Israeli law could delay, prevent or impede a merger with or an acquisition of our company, which could prevent a change of control, even when the terms of such transaction are favorable to us and our shareholders and therefore potentially depress the price of our shares.
 
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 Our shareholders may face difficulties in the enforcement of civil liabilities against Vuance Ltd. and its officers and directors.
 
 Certain of our officers and directors and our professional advisors are residents of Israel or otherwise reside outside of the U.S. Vuance Ltd. is incorporated under Israeli law and its principal office and facilities are located in Israel. All or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are or may be located outside of the U.S. It may be difficult to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or upon any such officers and directors or professional advisors or to realize in the U.S. upon judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability of Vuance Ltd. or such persons under U.S. federal securities laws. We have been advised that there is some degree of doubt amongst legal experts as to whether Israeli courts would (i) enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against Vuance Ltd. or such officers and directors or professional advisors predicated solely upon the civil liabilities provisions of U.S. federal securities laws, or (ii) impose liabilities in original actions against Vuance Ltd. or such officers and directors and professional advisors predicated solely upon such U.S. laws. However, in accordance with the Israeli Law on Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, 1958-5718, and subject to certain time limitations, an Israel court may declare a foreign (including U.S.) civil judgment enforceable if it finds that:
 
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the judgment was rendered by a court which was, according to the laws of the state of the court, competent to render the judgment;
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the judgment may no longer be appealed;
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the judgment is executory in the jurisdiction in which it was given;
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the obligation, the subject matter of the judgment, is enforceable under Israeli laws of enforcement of judgments and is not contrary to public policy;
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due process has been observed;
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such judgment was rendered by a court which was competent to render such judgment according to the rules of private international law, as applicable in Israel;
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such judgment was not obtained by fraud and does not conflict with any other valid judgment in the same matter between the same parties; and
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an action between the same parties in the same matter is not pending in any Israeli court or tribunal at the time the law suit is instituted in the foreign court.
 
 Even if these conditions are satisfied, an Israeli court will not enforce a foreign judgment if it was given in a state whose laws do not provide for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts (subject to exceptional cases) or if its enforcement is likely to prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel. The term “prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel” as used in the Israeli Law on Enforcement of Foreign Judgments has rarely been interpreted by Israeli courts; therefore, there is only limited guidance as to what criteria will be considered by an Israeli court in determining whether the enforcement of a foreign judgment would prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel.
 
 An investor may also find it difficult to bring an original action in an Israeli court to enforce liabilities based upon U.S. federal securities laws against us or against our directors or officers. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws and rule that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear such a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel addressing these matters.
 
 Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may affect our operating results.
 
 We incur expenses for our operations in Israel in New Israeli Shekels ("NIS") and translate these amounts into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting consolidated results. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our expenses and results of operations, as well as the value of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations may adversely affect the comparability of period-to-period results. In addition, we hold foreign currency balances, primarily NIS, that will create foreign exchange gains or losses, depending upon the relative values of the foreign currency, at the beginning and end of the reporting period, affecting our net income and earnings per share. Although we may use hedging techniques in the future (which we currently do not use), we will not be able to eliminate the effects of currency fluctuations. Thus, exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and stock price. (See also Item 5, "Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations")
 
 We are unlikely to pay dividends in the foreseeable future and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.
 
 We distributed a cash dividend to our shareholders on one occasion on August 26, 1997 in the aggregate amount of NIS 1 million and prior to that dividends in the form of bonus shares were distributed on two other occasions. Under the Israeli Companies Law, dividends may only be paid out of profits legally available for distribution and provided that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent us from satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due.  In addition, a competent court may approve, as per a motion to be filed by a company in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law requirements, a payment which does not meet the profits test, provided that the court was convinced that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent the company from satisfying its existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due.  We do not expect to declare or pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future and intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. If we do not pay dividends, our ordinary shares may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our share price appreciates.
 
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 Risks Pertaining to Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares
 
 Servicing our debt obligations requires a significant amount of cash, and our ability to obtain or generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.
 
 Should the court not approve the Creditor Arrangement, and  if we are unable to otherwise restructure our debt obligations, our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations, including making the payments under the convertible bonds we issued in November 2006, to Brevan Howard Master Fund Limited ("BH") (which were assigned to Sigma Wave Ltd. (“Sigma”) on August 24, 2010, see Item 4A) and to Special Situation Funds (the “Convertible Bonds”) will depend, among other things, upon our future operating performance and our ability to refinance indebtedness when necessary. Each of these factors is to a large extent dependent on economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.
 
 If, in the future, we cannot generate sufficient cash from our operations to meet our debt service obligations, we may need to reduce or delay capital expenditures or curtail research and development efforts. In addition, we may need to refinance our debt, obtain additional financing or sell assets, which we may not be able to do on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow, or that we will be able to obtain funding, sufficient to satisfy our debt service obligations. In addition, we may need additional capital even to satisfy our present requirements if we undertake large projects or have a delay in one of our anticipated projects. If we fail to raise such additional capital, we may need to implement certain operational changes in order to decrease our expenditure level. Our need for additional capital to finance our operations and growth will be greater should, among other things, our revenue or expense estimates prove to be incorrect.  In addition, continuation of our current operations after utilizing our current cash reserves is dependent upon the generation of additional financial resources either through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities or other sources of financing or the sale of certain of our assets. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 Restrictions imposed by our debt instruments may limit our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities that may be in our interest. Our failure to comply with our obligations under these instruments could lead to an acceleration of our indebtedness.
 
 The indentures governing our debt instruments contain certain covenants that will, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: (i) create liens; (ii) sell or otherwise dispose of assets; (iii) engage in transactions with our affiliates; and (iv) merge or consolidate with another entity or transfer all or substantially all of our assets. These restrictions could limit our ability to obtain future financing, make acquisitions or capital expenditures, withstand economic downturns in our business, the industry or the economy in general, conduct operations or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities that arise.
 
 Our failure to make payments due under our debt instruments, or to otherwise comply with the restrictions or our obligations thereunder, could result in an event of default under such instruments and lead to an acceleration of our related indebtedness. In the event of such a default, we are not certain whether we would have, or would be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make the accelerated payments, and as a result certain lenders would be able to proceed against certain of our assets that secure the debt. In a financing agreement between us and Sigma, which we entered into after the date of the balance sheet but before the issuance of the financial statements, subject to certain conditions and covenants, we will not be required to make repayment of the debt (as of December 31, 2010) under the convertible bond with Sigma prior to January 1, 2012.
 
 As of December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds agreements with respect to bonds held by Special Situation Funds (“SSF”). As of the filing date of this annual report we were not in compliance with our obligations under the amended Convertible Bonds with respect to bonds held by SSF, which we intend to include within the Creditor Arrangement, but which is currently being opposed by SSF. For more information on the Creditor Arrangement see,Item 4A. History and Development of the Corporation under "Recent Developments". For more information on the Convertible Bonds, seeItem 5.B, “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” regarding the amendments to the Convertible Bonds.
 
 The number of ordinary shares that are available for sale upon exercise of our outstanding warrants, options and convertible bonds is significant in relation to our currently outstanding ordinary shares. Sales of a significant number of our ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that they may occur, may depress the market price for our ordinary shares.
 
 The number of ordinary shares available for sale upon the exercise of our outstanding warrants, options and convertible bonds is significant in relation to the number of ordinary shares currently outstanding. As of December 31, 2010, 7,280,821 of our ordinary shares were outstanding. In addition, we had a total of 1,404,219 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, which we have issued to our employees and certain other persons at various prices, some of which have exercise prices below the current market price for our ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2010, we had a total of 2,157,002 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants issued to investors and consultants, at various prices, which expire between 2011 and 2016. As of December 31, 2010, we had a total of 996,619 ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible bonds. As of December 31, 2010, our registered capital permitted us to issue up to additional 40,161,339 ordinary shares in connection with future grants of options, warrants, shares and other financial instruments.
 
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 Should the court approve our petition for the Creditor Arrangement then we will be required to issue a significant additional number of ordinary shares and warrants convertible into our ordinary shares.
 
 If our warrant or option holders exercise their warrants or options, or holders of convertible bonds covert their bonds into ordinary shares, and determine to sell a substantial number of shares into the market at any given time, there may not be sufficient demand in the market to purchase the shares without a decline in the market price for our ordinary shares. Moreover, continuous sales into the market of a number of shares in excess of the typical trading volume for our ordinary shares, or even the availability of such a large number of shares or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause substantial dilution to existing shareholders, decrease the market price of our ordinary shares, and impair our ability to raise capital in the future.
 
 Our ordinary shares were delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market, which could negatively impact the price of our ordinary shares.
 
 On September 29, 2009 we received a NASDAQ Staff Determination letter indicating that we failed to comply with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement of $2.5 million as set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b) (formerly Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(3)). As a result, our securities were delisted from The Nasdaq Stock Market and trading in our shares was suspended effective October 1, 2009. Since that date our ordinary shares have been quoted on the Pink Sheets under the ticker symbol “VUNCF”.
 
 The delisting of our ordinary shares significantly affects the ability of investors to trade our securities and negatively affects the value and liquidity of our ordinary shares. In addition, the delisting of our ordinary shares could also have a material adverse affect on our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Delisting from NASDAQ could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by customers and employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.
 
 "Penny stock" rules may make buying or selling our ordinary shares difficult, severely limiting the market price of our ordinary shares and the liquidity of our shares in the U.S.
 
 Trading in our ordinary shares may be subject to the "penny stock" regulations adopted by the SEC. These regulations generally define a "penny stock" to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules require that any broker-dealer who recommends our securities to persons other than prior customers and accredited investors must, prior to the sale, make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written agreement to execute the transaction. Unless an exception is available, the regulations require delivery, prior to any transaction involving a "penny stock," of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with trading in the penny stock market. In addition, broker-dealers must disclose commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and registered representative and current quotations for the securities they offer. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our stock, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our stock.
 
 Our default under certain registration rights agreements may result in liquidated damages.
 
 In connection with private placements completed in September 2004 and December 2005, in which we issued to the investors ordinary shares and warrants to purchase our ordinary shares, we entered into registration rights agreements pursuant to which we undertook to register such ordinary shares in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933. Accordingly, we filed Forms F-1 on November 2004 and January 5, 2006. Our failure to properly update the Forms (and to make subsequent registrations) in accordance with the registration rights agreements could result in an event of default under such agreements and subject us to liquidated damages.
 
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 We have shareholders that are able to exercise substantial influence over us and all matters submitted to our shareholders.
 
 Should the Creditor Arrangement be approved by the District Court in Israel, Sigma is expected to become our majority shareholder (for more information on this arrangement see below in Item 4.A. "History and Development of the Company, under "Recent Developments"). Such ownership interest will give Sigma the ability to influence and direct our activities and Sigma will then be deemed a controlling shareholder under Israeli law. Sigma will have influence over the outcome of most matters submitted to our stockholders, including the election of directors and the adoption of a merger agreement, and such influence could make us a less attractive acquisition or investment target. Because the interests of Sigma may differ from the interests of our other shareholders, actions taken by Sigma with respect to us may not be favorable to our other shareholders.
 
 If persons engage in short sales of our ordinary shares, including sales of shares to be issued upon the exercise of our outstanding warrants, options and convertible bonds, the price of our ordinary shares may decline.
 
 Selling short is a technique used by a stockholder to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a security. In addition, holders of options, warrants and convertible bonds will sometimes sell short knowing they can, in effect, cover the sale through the exercise of an option, warrant or convertible bond, thus locking in a profit. A significant number of short sales or a large volume of other sales within a relatively short period of time can create downward pressure on the market price of a security. Further sales of ordinary shares issued upon exercise of our outstanding warrants, options or convertible bonds could cause even greater declines in the price of our ordinary shares due to the number of additional shares available in the market upon such exercise or conversion, which could encourage short sales that could further undermine the value of our ordinary shares. You could, therefore, experience a decline in the value of your investment as a result of short sales of our ordinary shares.
 
 Costs arising from our future acquisitions and dispositions could adversely affect our financial condition.
 
 Any acquisition or disposition that we make could result in the use of our cash, incurrence and assumption of debt, contingent liabilities, significant acquisition-related expenses, amortization of certain identifiable intangible assets, and research and development write-offs, and could require us to record goodwill and other intangible assets that could result in future impairments that could harm our financial results. We will likely incur significant transaction costs pursuing acquisitions or dispositions, including acquisitions or dispositions that may not be consummated. We may not be able to generate sufficient revenues from our acquisitions or dispositions to offset their costs, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition. The recognition of impairments of tangible, intangible and financial assets results in a non-cash charge on the income statement, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
 
 Being a foreign private issuer exempts us from certain SEC requirements.
 
 We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. public companies including:
 
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the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
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the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
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the provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; and
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the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction (i.e., a purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the issuer’s equity securities within less than six months).
  Because of these exemptions, investors are not afforded the same protections or information generally available to investors holding shares in public companies organized in the U.S.
 
 ITEM 4.    Information on the Corporation.
 
 A.
History and Development of the Corporation
 
 History of the Company
 
 Vuance Ltd. was incorporated in Israel, as a company limited by shares, on July 4, 1988, under the provisions of the then-current Israeli Companies Ordinance. We now operate under the Israeli Companies Law, 5759-1999 (the “Israeli Companies Law”), which became effective on February 1, 2000, and the Israeli Companies Ordinance (New Version) 1983, as amended.
 
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 From our incorporation in 1988 until 1999, we were a development-stage company primarily engaged in research and development, establishing relationships with suppliers and potential customers and recruiting personnel with a focus on the governmental market. In 2001, we implemented a reorganization plan, which we completed in 2002. As a result of the reorganization, we expanded our marketing and sales efforts to include the commercial market with a new line of advanced smart card and identification technologies products, while maintaining our governmental market business.
 
 During 2002, we sold, in three separate transactions with third party purchasers, our entire equity interest in a U.S. subsidiary, InkSure Technologies, Inc., for which we received aggregate proceeds of approximately $6,600,000. In December 2002, we discontinued the operations, disposed of all of the assets and terminated the employees of two U.S. subsidiaries, Genodus Inc. and Kromotek, Inc.
 
 We became a publicly-traded company on NASDAQ Europe stock market (Formerly EASDAQ) on April 19, 1999. On October 23, 2003, following the closing of the NASDAQ Europe stock market, we transferred the listing of our ordinary shares to the Euronext Brussels stock market under the symbol “SUP,” which became “VUNC” after our corporate name change on May 14, 2007. We applied for delisting of our shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and our application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008.
 
 On July 29, 2004, we filed a Registration Statement on Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. When the Registration Statement became effective on September 29, 2004, we became a foreign private issuer reporting company under the Exchange Act.  On November 5, 2004, our ordinary shares began trading in the U.S. on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “SPCBF.OB," which following our name change on May 14, 2007 became “VUNCF.OB.”  On August 23, 2007, our ordinary shares were approved for trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “VUNC” and the trading of our shares on the OTC Bulletin Board ceased. On October 1, 2009 our shares were delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market and beginning on the same date, our shares were quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF” in the Pink Sheets. For more information and details on the history of the listing of our ordinary shares see under Item 9.A "Offer Listing and Details".
 
 During the fourth quarter of 2005, we established a new Delaware subsidiary (of which we initially owned 80%), Vuance-RFID Inc. (formerly, Pure RF Inc.), which began operations during the first quarter of 2006. During the first quarter of 2006, Vuance-RFID Inc. established a wholly-owned Israeli subsidiary, Vuance RFID Ltd. (formerly, Pure RF Ltd.). Vuance-RFID Inc. and Vuance RFID Ltd. focused on new technologies and solutions for active tracking of people and objects. In February 2007, we purchased the remaining 20% of the stock of Vuance - RFID Inc. from its minority stockholders for an amount of $100,000, whereupon it became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In August 2007, all the employees of Vuance RFID Ltd. were transferred to us, and on December 31, 2007 we purchased all the assets and liabilities of Vuance RFID Ltd. During the year 2008, Vuance-RFID Inc. engaged in an activity to distribute complementary locks and electronic locks. This activity was terminated and it is presented in the financial reports, as discontinued operations.
 
 During the fourth quarter of 2006, we established a new wholly-owned subsidiary, S.B.C. Aviation Ltd., (incorporated in Israel) which began operations in 2007 and until 2009 focused on executing information technology and security projects.
 
 In 2006 we decided to sell our E-ID Division in order to focus on opportunities in the U.S. for our CSMS business, which we later sold in 2010, and current active RFID tracking businesses, and on December 31, 2006, we sold the E-ID Division to On Track Innovations Ltd., or OTI for 2,827,200 restricted ordinary shares of OTI (of which 212,040 shares were related to consultants, as part of the direct expenses of this transaction). Under the terms of our agreement with OTI, OTI committed to file with the SEC a registration statement covering these ordinary shares and made such filing on April 24, 2007. As of December 31, 2008, we sold all the OTI shares received in the OTI Transaction.
 
 Simultaneously, we entered into a service and supply agreement with OTI under which (i) OTI agreed to act as our subcontractor and provide services, products and materials necessary to carry out and complete certain projects that were not transferred to OTI (the “Existing Projects”), and (ii) OTI granted us an irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, non-assignable and non-transferable license to use in connection with our Existing Projects, certain intellectual property rights transferred to OTI as part of the OTI Transaction, for the duration of such projects. The sale of our E-ID division and the services and supply agreement are collectively referred to herein as the “OTI Transaction.”
 
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 On July 3, 2007, we entered, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., into an agreement (the “SHC Purchase Agreement”) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock capital of Security Holding Corp. (“SHC”) from Homeland Security Capital Corporation (OTCBB: HOMS.OB(“HMSC”)) and other minority shareholders (collectively, “Sellers”) for approximately $4,335,000 in our ordinary shares and direct expenses of approximately $600,000 in our ordinary shares. The closing date of this transaction was August 28, 2007 (“SHCClosingDate”). SHCwasa Delaware corporation engaged in the business of manufacturing and distributing RFID-enabled solutions, access control and security management systems. As consideration for the acquisition of the stock capital of SHC, 1,097,426 of our ordinary shares ,which were subject to certain lock up mechanism, were issued to the Sellers. HMSC further agreed that at the SHC Closing Date it will grant an irrevocable power of attorney to our Chairman of the Board of Directors to exercise all voting rights related to its Vuance shares until the sale or transfer of such Vuance shares by HMSC to an unaffiliated third party in an arm’s-length transaction. We guaranteed all of the obligations of Vuance Inc. under the SHC Purchase Agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2007, SHC and its subsidiaries were merged into Vuance Inc.
 
 In September 2007, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire, through our U.S. subsidiary, Vuance Inc., the credentialing division of Disaster Management Solutions Inc., ("DMS") for approximately $100,000 in cash and up to $650,000 in royalties that will be paid upon sales of the advanced first responder credentialing system (named “RAPTOR”) during the first twelve months following the acquisition (the closing was in August 2007). This acquisition complemented our former incident management solutions business and added the RAPTOR to our former CSMS business (both of which were sold in 2010).
  On March 25, 2009 we and our subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., completed the acquisition of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Intelli-Site, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement dated March 6, 2009 with Intelli-Site and Integrated Security Systems, Inc (“ISSI”).  On the date of closing, Vuance, Inc. agreed to pay Intelli-Site $262,000 payable in cash and in our shares (which were subject to a certain lock up mechanism) and included a contingent consideration of up to $600,000 based upon certain conditions.
 
 Certain of the assets and liabilities acquired in the asset purchase agreement with Intelli-Site and ISSI were sold in January 2010, in connection with the sale of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Vuance, Inc.
  Should the Creditor Arrangement be approved by the District Court in Israel, we expect to be released from our obligations under the Convertible Bond held by Sigma with the allotment to Sigma of our ordinary shares valued at 40% of our total outstanding debt to Sigma and in consideration for Sigma forgiving the remaining 60% of our outstanding debt under the convertible bond, and in such instance Sigma would then become our majority shareholder.
 
 For information relating to our Convertible Bonds, see Item 5 – Liquidity and Capital Resources.
 
 Recent Developments
 
 On January 28, 2010 (the “Closing Date”), Vuance, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the sale of certain of its assets (including certain accounts receivable and inventory) and certain of its liabilities (including certain accounts payable) (the “Sale”) related to our electronic access control market (the “Vuance EAC Business”), pursuant to a certain Agreement for Purchase and Sale of Business Assets, dated as of January 9, 2010 between Vuance, Inc. and OLTIS Security Systems International, LLC (“OSSI”). On the Closing Date, as consideration for the Sale of the Vuance EAC Business, OSSI paid Vuance, Inc. $161,518 in cash.  In addition, OSSI paid off a certain Business Financing Agreement (the “Loan”) between Vuance, Inc. and Bridge Bank, National Association (the “Bridge Bank Payment”).  Further to the Bridge Bank Payment, the Loan was released, and we and Vuance, Inc. no longer have any liabilities associated with the Loan.
 
 On January 29, 2010 (the “Closing Date”), we and our subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., completed the sale of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Vuance, Inc. (the “Sale”) related to our Government Services Division (the “Vuance CSMS Business”), pursuant to a certain asset purchase agreement dated as of January 29, 2010 between us, Vuance, Inc., WidePoint Corporation (“WidePoint”) and Advance Response Concepts Corporation. On the Closing Date, as consideration for the Sale, WidePoint paid Vuance, Inc. $250,000.  In addition, WidePoint agreed to pay Vuance, Inc. a maximum earnout of $1,500,000 over the course of calendar years 2010, 2011, and 2012, subject to the performance of certain financial requirements of the Vuance CSMS Business during each of those years.
 
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 On January 21, 2010, we incorporated a new wholly-owned subsidiary in the state of Delaware, PureRFid, Inc., to focus on marketing and sales for our active RFID solutions.
 
 On March 22, 2010, we entered into a Subscription Agreement with a private investor, Mr. Yitzchak Babayov (the “Investor”), pursuant to which at a March 23, 2010 closing we issued 1,538,461 ordinary shares of the Company at a par value of  NIS 0.0588235 (the “Transaction Shares”) in consideration of a one-time cash payment in the amount of $200,000.
 
 Simultaneously with execution of the Subscription Agreement, we entered into a Warrant Agreement with the Investor, pursuant to which the Investor received a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 553,846 of our ordinary shares for an exercise price of $0.15 per share. The Warrant has a term of five (5) years and contains standard adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassification and similar events.  Our shareholders approved and ratified at our annual general meeting held on September 12, 2010, that the purpose of the private placement of the Transaction Shares and Warrant was to provide the Investor with more than twenty five percent (25%) of our issued and outstanding shares in accordance with Israeli law, which exempts such an acquisition from Israeli tender offer requirements.
 
 In March 2010, as part of a significant restructuring of our business operations, our former chief executive officer Eyal Tuchman resigned and we appointed Ron Peer, our former President, as our new chief executive officer.
 
 In July 2010, Ms. Tsviya Trabelsi and Messrs. David Mimon and Menachem Mirski were appointed to our board of directors. Ms. Trabelsi was appointed as chairman of our board of directors in place of Mr. Eli Rozen who also resigned from our board of directors.
 
 In September 2010, Mr. Arie Trabelsi was appointed on behalf of Sigma to serve on our board of directors. In October 2010, Mr. Trabelsi resigned as our director and was appointed as our chief executive officer in place of Ron Peer.
  In October 2010, we entered into an agreement for the sale of our entire equity interest in SuperCom Asia Pacific Ltd., for no consideration. As part of this sale, we assigned to the purchaser certain outstanding loans due to us by SuperCom Asia Pacific in the amount of $1.4 million.
  Application for Court Approved Creditor Arrangement
 
 At the annual general meeting of our shareholders held on September 12, 2010, our shareholders resolved to afford certain of our major creditors with the opportunity to convert the amounts owed to them into our ordinary shares, by means of a set off against the then total outstanding debt to such creditor, at a price of $0.09 per ordinary share, subject to forgiveness of 60% of our  total outstanding debt to such creditor. Our board of directors was authorized to set all other terms of the creditor arrangement, including, inter alia, its timetable.
 
 On November 3, 2010 we petitioned the Petach Tikva District Court of the Central District in Israel, for the court approval of a Creditor Arrangement in accordance with Section 350 of the Israeli Companies Law 5759-1999. We requested that the court apply the arrangement approved by our shareholders to all of our creditors as of August 10, 2010, or Determining Date, and who were still creditors as of December 17, 2010 and who had submitted a claim of debt no later than January 6, 2011. We requested that pursuant to the proposed arrangement all such creditors (whether secured, preferential (by statute) and unsecured) shall be considered to have released us from our debt obligations towards them as of such date in exchange for the allotment to all such creditors of  our ordinary shares or warrants to purchase our ordinary shares (that are immediately exercisable in a cashless transaction and with expiry date of December 31, 2012) at a price of $0.09 per ordinary share, valued at 40% of our total outstanding debt to our creditors and in consideration for which the creditors would forgive the remaining 60% of the outstanding debt.
  As of the Balance Sheet date, based on the opinion of our legal advisors, we repaid certain creditors with total outstanding debt of $271,000, in connection with arrangements that are not subject to any further approvals or other conditions. We granted those certain creditors a total of 1,206,142 warrants to purchase our ordinary shares (see also Note 14f(2) of our financial statements). In connection with the proposed Creditor Arrangement, we have proposed the same arrangement to certain other creditors with a total debt amount of approximately $5,954,000 as of December 31, 2010.
 
 The completion of the Creditor Arrangement is subject to the approval of the Petach Tikva District Court in Israel.
 
 In the event of the final approval of the Creditor Arrangement by the District Court in Israel, Sigma which, prior to its acquisition of a certain convertible bond from BH (for more information on the convertible bond see Item 4.A, “History of the Company” and Item 5.B, “Liquidity and Capital Resources”) held 5.48% of our issued and outstanding share capital, and controlled via voting agreements an additional 11.14% of our issued and outstanding share capital, would then become our majority shareholder. All of the voting agreements with Sigma will be terminated upon completion of the creditor arrangement.
 
 27
 
 On March 30, 2011 we entered into a financing agreement with Sigma that entitles us to refinance the short-term obligations under certain convertible bonds held by Sigma on a long-term basis. Pursuant to the agreement, and subject to certain conditions and covenants, Sigma postponed all of our requirements to pay our debts to it under Sigma's Convertible Bond, relating to principal and interest, as of December 31, 2010, to January 1, 2012. As of the date of the agreement we met the required covenants and according to our management assessment it is not considered probable that we will fail to meet such covenants until December 31, 2011. In addition, the agreement requires that interest amounts with respect to fiscal 2011 will become due during July 2011 and thereafter. For more information on the convertible bonds see Item 5 – Liquidity and Capital Resources.
 
 On February 10, 2011 we received a credit line in an aggregate amount of $100,000 from an Israeli bank. The credit line is secured by a personal guarantee provided by our CEO and by the Chairman of our board of directors.
 
 Principal capital expenditures and divestitures
 
 From January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, our capital expenditures totaled approximately $4,000 (compared to $100,000 during 2009 and $73,000 during 2008), of which approximately $4,000 (compared to $7,000 during 2009 and $39,000 during 2008) can be attributed to our facilities in Israel, and approximately $0 (compared to $93,000 during 2009 and $34,000 during 2008) can be attributed to various facilities of our subsidiaries outside of Israel. During the first financial quarter of 2011, our capital expenditures totaled approximately $2,000.
 
 See Item 4  - History of the Company for information on our sale of SuperCom Asia; the sale of certain assets and liabilities of Vuance Inc., related to our Government Services Division; and the sale by Vuance, Inc., of certain of its assets and liabilities related to our electronic access control market.
  Corporate information
 
 Our headquarters is located in Israel at Sagid House “Ha’Sharon Industrial Park,” Qadima 60920, Israel and our telephone number is +972-9-889-0800. Our U.S. offices are located at Oak Creek, Wisconsin. Our Internet website address is http://www.vuance.com. The information contained on our corporate websites is not a part of this annual report.
 
 Our agent for SEC matters in the U.S. only is our subsidiary, PureRFid Inc., whose address is 9817 S. 13th Street, Oak Creek WI 53154, telephone number (414)301-9435.
 
 B.
Business Overview
 
 From 1988 through 2006, our principal business was the design, development and marketing of advanced smart card and identification technologies and products for governmental and commercial customers in Europe, Asia and Africa.  As described in Item 4.A (“History and Development of the Corporation”) above, we decided to sell our E-ID Division in 2006 to focus on opportunities for our RFID and former CSMS businesses (sold in 2010).
 
 On July 3, 2007, we entered, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., into an agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Security Holdings Corp. (“SHC”), a Delaware corporation engaged in the business of manufacturing and distributing RFID-enabled solutions, access control and security management systems.  Following the acquisition of SHC, in March 2009, we completed the acquisition of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Intelli-Site, Inc. to further position ourselves in the offering of competitive RFID security solutions to existing and prospective customers.
 
 Prior to January 2010, we offered three principal product suites to our customers: an Active RFID solution under the AAID brand (currently the PureRFid Suite), Electronic Access Control Suite and Credentialing & Incident Management Suite. On January 28, 2010, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., completed the sale of certain of its assets and certain of its liabilities related to our electronic access control market, and on January 29, 2010, we and Vuance, Inc. completed the sale of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Vuance, Inc. related to our Government Services Division including our Critical Situation Management System and Credentialing suites (see a description of this transaction under the caption “History of the Company” in Item 4.A).  Following the divestitures indicated above, in March 2010, we issued a press release announcing a significant restructuring of our business operations, pursuant to which we are focusing our sales and marketing efforts on our core competencies, active RFID technology, our PureRFid Suite and existing e-ID projects.
 
 28
 
 Our Products
 
 Consequently, since 2010, we currently offer the following principal product suite to our customers:
 
 Active RFID
 
 Active RFID is long, active radio frequency identification equipment that utilizes active radio frequency communications to track assets, people and objects for potential governmental agency and commercial customers. Our solutions are programmable, small, sensitive and relatively cost effective, providing significant competitive advantages.
 
 Prior to January 2010, we offered an active RFID solution under the AAID brand, which we acquired in the acquisition of SHC. The AAID brand was established and well known in the market for tracking vehicles. Since January 2010, we have been engaged in leveraging the marketing position of the AAID brand to introduce our latest product suite, PureRFid. The PureRFid Suite is superior to the AAID Suite, providing a secure, precise and cost-effective means to positively identify, locate, track, monitor, count and protect people and objects, including inventory and vehicles.
 
 Our Strategy
 
 In 2006, we sold our E-ID division in order to focus on opportunities mainly in the U.S. for our active RFID enabled solutions and CSMS businesses. The sale was completed on December 31, 2006 (See a description of this transaction in Item 4.A above).  In August 2007, we completed the acquisition of SHC, a Delaware corporation engaged in the business of manufacturing and distributing RFID-enabled solutions, access control and security management systems. In January 2010, we completed the sale of certain of the assets acquired in the acquisition of SHC, including our Electronic Access Control Suite and our Credentialing & Incident Management Suite to focus our sales and marketing efforts on our core competencies, active RFID technology and our PureRFid Suite.
 
 Our three-pronged sales strategy is to:
 
 ·
Develop strong strategic relationships with our business partners, including our systems integrators and distributors who introduce our solutions into their respective markets.
 
 ·
Employ dedicated sales teams to work closely with such business partners. Since January 2010, our sales teams focus on active RFID sales through leading system integrators. Our sales teams customize and adapt solutions that can then be installed and supported by these business partners.
 
 ·
Expand our active RFID sales into other geographical areas such as Europe, Israel and Far East.
  We have a multi-pronged approach to growth:
 
 ·
Grow organically:
 
 1.
Increase existing products’ value (e.g., offer products which are smaller, better and cost effective);
 2.
Identify new applications for existing products and solutions;
 3.
Develop new products/solutions that meet clients’ needs; and
 4.
Build a superior sales force. We are dedicating sales teams, coordinated through our U.S. and Israel corporate offices to sell more products/solutions through our growing number of business partners. Cross-selling products and solutions will increase sales to existing customers and create new opportunities.
 
 ·
Make synergistic acquisitions. Continue to “leapfrog” growth through strategic acquisitions of companies with complementary products and/or relations with business partners.
 
 Due to our strategies, we are emerging as a RFID enabled security solution provider in fast growing markets, such as public safety, educational & health care facilities. This is accomplished because of our unique combination of in-house security products, superior technology and team expertise coupled with non-organic synergies.
 
 29
 
 Enhancing Our Presence
 
 In February 2006, we established an advisory board (the “Advisory Board”) to assist us in broadening our presence in the government, military, and law enforcement sectors and to identify the core technology needs of the homeland security and related markets, as well as new applications for our technologies.  The Advisory Board has assisted us in such matters from its creation until March 2010, at which time we resolved to disband the Advisory Board.
 
 We currently concentrate our marketing efforts for our RFID technology in the U.S., Europe and Israel.
 
 In order to expand our presence, we may pursue acquisitions of one or more companies that have an existing customer base and proved revenues or that can otherwise offer us business synergies.
 
 Identifying New Applications for Our Technologies
 
 Our management and its external advisors are working to identify new applications for our technologies in the security, transportation, healthcare, supply chain, energy and other markets. At a time when both government and the private sector are faced with unprecedented challenges to protect public safety and personal privacy, we expect to extend our forward-looking technologies to the U.S. market and to other geographical regions.
 
 Leveraging Knowledge and Experience
 
 We believe that our exposure to the governmental market and experience in customizing solutions in our former E-ID Division will contribute to our ability to develop and market products in our wireless ID market. We intend to leverage such knowledge and experience in order to respond to the needs of existing and potential customers in the security and other markets.
 
 Seeking Partnerships With Other Relevant Companies
 
 To bolster our sales and marketing efforts, we may seek to partner with distributors that can offer us new relationships within the commercial sector as well as with government agencies and help us increase our geographic breadth and penetrate other selected vertical markets. In addition, we may seek to partner with system integrators experienced in handling large-scale security projects. Finally, we may seek to enter into strategic partnerships with companies that offer technologies that complement ours.
 
 Current Businesses
  Active RFID Business
  In February 2006, we introduced our active RFID technology, which utilizes active radio frequency communications to track people and objects. We developed this new technology to meet the growing market demand for asset and person tracking solutions. The new technology expands our wide range of products aimed at the private, the homeland security and the governmental market through a wireless asset tracking system.
 
 Prior to January 2010, we offered an active RFID solution under the AAID brand, which we acquired in the acquisition of SHC.  The AAID brand was established and well known in the market for tracking vehicles.  Since January 2010, we have been engaged in leveraging the marketing position of the AAID brand to introduce our latest product suite, PureRFid. The PureRFid Suite is superior to the AAID Suite, providing a secure, precise and cost-effective means to positively identify, locate, track, monitor, count and protect people and objects, including inventory and vehicles.
 
 Product
 
 We expect our PureRFid Suite, a complete location position (LP) system solution based on active RFID tag technology, to offer commercial customers and governmental agencies enhanced asset management capabilities. The system can be deployed in physical security applications. The basic components of our PureRFid Suite include:
 
 ·
an active tag, which contains a microchip equipped transmitter, an antenna, a capacitor and battery attached to the item to be identified, located or tracked;
 ·
a web-based management system, which captures and processes the signal from the active tag, and may be configured to provide an alert upon the occurrence of a trigger event;
 ·
one or more wireless receivers; and
 ·
the tag's initializer, which is used to configure the PureRFid tags.
 
 30
 
 The PureRFid Suite provides a secure, precise and cost-effective means to positively identify, locate, track, monitor, count and protect people and objects, including inventory and vehicles. The ability to reliably identify and track the movement of people and objects in real time will enable PureRFid Suite customers to detect unauthorized movement of vehicles, trace packages and containers, control personnel and vehicle access to premises, and protect personnel in hazardous working environments and disaster management situations.
 
 Customers
 
 Our customers are also our business partners, i.e., system integrators and distributors who introduce our solutions into their prospective markets. These include: Precision Time Systems, East Coast Gate, Tri-Cor International Inc. Carolina Time Equipment Co., Inc., , PSA Security Network, RSH Protection, SFI Electronics, Inc., Smith & Wesson Security, Zimy Electronics Inc.
 
 Market Opportunity
 
 Radio frequency identification, or RFID, is a widely adopted technology in the auto-identification market, which addresses electronic identification and location of objects. Typically, an RFID tag or transponder is attached to or incorporated into a product or person. A handheld or stationary device that receives the radio frequency waves from these tags is used to determine their locations. Prior to the adoption of RFID, users identified and tracked assets manually as well as through the use of bar code technology. These solutions were limited because of the need for ongoing human intervention and the lack of instantaneous location capabilities. RFID technology possesses greater range, accuracy, speed and lower line−of−sight requirements than bar code technology.
 
 Our PureRFid Suite can track items simultaneously, providing an alert when a tagged item is removed from a pre-determined area, passes through a marked checkpoint or otherwise moves. We believe that potential customers for our PureRFid Suite include the following:
 
 Civil and Military Governments. Our PureRFid Suite can provide secure access control into restricted areas and map and track visitors throughout a facility. Many high security facilities, including governmental and industrial facilities, need access monitoring. For example, nuclear power plants, national research laboratories and correctional facilities need to accurately and securely monitor inbound and outbound activity. Line of sight identifiers, such as identification cards, suffer from problems that our RFID technology readily overcomes, including reliance on human visual identification, forgery and tampering. Our PureRFid Suite also enables identification and location of individuals in restricted areas in real time.
 Airport and Port Security Infrastructure Providers. Our PureRFid Suite can offer solutions for the transportation sector by enabling common carriers to monitor, track, locate and manage multiple baggage items simultaneously, thereby reducing risk of lost baggage, increasing customer service and improving security.
 Businesses and Industrial Companies. Our PureRFid Suite can be used by businesses, shippers and warehouse operators to manage and track cartons, pallets, containers and individual items in order to facilitate movement, order picking, inventory verification and reduce delivery time. In addition, industrial companies can manage and track their mobile equipment and tools. We believe that our PureRFid Suite can increase efficiency at every stage of asset, inventory and supply chain management by enabling long-range identification and location of products and removing the need for their human visual identification. Our products also work in conjunction with existing bar coding and warehouse systems to reduce the risk of loss, theft and slow speed of transfer.
 Hospitals and Care Homes. The healthcare sector has successfully utilized RFID technologies for the purposes of infant protection in maternity wards and wander prevention in care homes similar to our asset and personnel location and identification system targeted at the secure facility and hazardous business sectors. Our PureRFid Suite can provide solutions for the healthcare sector for asset, staff, patient and medical record location and identification. We believe that as hospitals continue to upgrade their security measures, RFID technology will be utilized in real time location systems that are designed to immediately locate persons, equipment and objects within the hospital.
 Livestock Owners. Our PureRFid Suite can be used as a livestock identification, tracking and safeguarding system.
  Former E-ID Division
 
 From 1988 to 2006, our principal business was the design, development and marketing of advanced smart card and identification technologies and products for governmental and commercial customers in Europe, Asia and Africa. Our applications and solutions included e-passports, visas and other border entry documents, national identification and military, police and commercial access identification. As detailed above, in 2006, we decided to sell our E-ID division in order to focus on opportunities in the U.S. for our active RFID (and CSMS businesses, which we sold in 2010).
 
 31
 
 In our E-ID Division, we developed a fully automated production line for picture identification contactless smart cards, and offered our customers raw materials, maintenance and service agreements. We provided identification solutions and contactless smart card production equipment for governmental and commercial customers. As described above, as of the selling date of the E-ID division to OTI, OTI agreed to act as our subcontractor and provide services, products and materials necessary to carry out and complete certain projects that were not transferred to OTI (the “Existing Projects”). The customers and contracts of our E-ID Division in 2008, 2009 and 2010 included the following:
 
 ·
A contract for a national multi-ID with a European country - In 2006, we entered into an agreement with a European country which we estimate will generate approximately $50 million in revenues during the 10-year term of the project. Under the agreement we will provide the end-to-end system for a national multi-ID issuing and control system. There can be no assurance, however, that we will realize the full estimated value of this agreement.



The project, which commenced during the third quarter of 2006, involves the implementation of an end-to-end national ID issuing and control system based on our Magna system and includes the supply of digital enrollment and production equipment, software, maintenance and supply of secured raw material for the production of various national ID cards.
  ·
Other Projects – including:
 
 ·
Passports and ID Cards - Africa
 ·
Passports - Hong Kong
 ·
Biometric Visa system to a European Government
 ·
Automated Smart Card Production System to a European Government
 ·
E-Passport with a European Country
  Security and Border Control
 
 In 2007, we entered into a definitive agreement (the “Agreement”) with a European international Airport to provide an integrated perimeter security system and a border control system. The establishment of the security and control system began during the third quarter of 2007. Under the current contract, once the system has been fully implemented and a transmission and acceptance report is signed by the customer, we shall enter the ten-year maintenance period that could generate an additional $620,000 in annual revenues.
 
 Research and Development
 
 Our past research and development efforts helped us to achieve the goal of offering our customers a complete line of products and solutions. We spent $1.7 million, $0.9 million, and $0.4 million on research and development in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. These amounts were spent on the development or improvement of our technologies and products, primarily in the areas of Active RFID. We will continue to research and develop new technologies for RFID. There can be no assurance that we can achieve any or all of our research and development goals.
 
 Sales and Marketing
 
 We sell our systems and products worldwide through distribution channels that include direct sales and traditional distributor or reseller sales. We currently have 4 employees that are directly engaged in the sale, distribution and support of our products through centralized marketing offices in distinct world regions, including the employees of PureRFid, Inc., which markets our products in the U.S. We are also represented by several independent distributors and resellers with which we often have distribution agreements.
 
 Our distributors and resellers sell our systems and products to business enterprises and government agencies and act as the initial customer service contact for the systems and products they sell. We establish relationships with distributors and resellers through written agreements that provide prices, discounts and other material terms and conditions under which the reseller is eligible to purchase our systems and products for resale. These agreements generally do not grant exclusivity to the distributors and resellers and, as a general matter, are not long-term contracts, do not have commitments for minimum sales and could be terminated by the distributor. We do not have agreements with all of our distributors.
 
 32
 
 Sales Analysis
 
 Sales By Geographic Destination:
 
 The following table provides a breakdown of total revenue by geographic market (all amounts in thousands of dollars):
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Total


Total


Totalrevenues


revenues


revenuesEurope

$
15,193


$
8,180


$
6,770Asia Pacific


310



76



-Africa


350



-



-United States


1,965



976



536Israel


294



72



73$
18,112


$
9,304


$
7,389
 The following table provides a breakdown of total revenue by product category (all amounts in thousands of dollars):
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Raw materials and equipment

$
15,048


$
6,884


$
3,822Maintenance, royalties and project management


3,064



2,420



3,567$
18,112


$
9,304


$
7,389
  Customer Service
 
 We believe that customer support plays a significant role in our sales and marketing efforts and in our ability to maintain customer satisfaction, which is critical to our efforts to build our reputation and grow in our existing markets, as well as to our efforts to penetrate and grow in new markets. In addition, we believe that our interaction with our customers and the customers’ feedback involved in our ongoing support functions provide us with information on customer needs and contribute to our product development efforts. We generally provide maintenance services under separate, tailor made agreements. We provide our service through customer training, local third-party service organizations, our subsidiaries, or our personnel, including appropriate personnel sent from any of our offices in U.S., or Israel. We generally provide our customers with a warranty for our products for 12 months. Costs incurred annually by us for product warranties have to date been insignificant; however, there can be no assurance that these costs will not increase significantly in the future.
 
 Manufacturing and Availability of Raw Materials
 
 Our manufacturing operations consist primarily of materials planning and procurement, quality control of components, kit assembly and integration, final assembly, and testing of fully-configured systems. A significant portion of our manufacturing operations consists of the integration and testing of off-the-shelf components. All of our products and systems, whether or not manufactured by us, undergo several levels of testing, including configuration to customer orders and testing with current release software, prior to delivery.
 
 Our manufacturing consists of a range of RFID products solutions. We outsource the manufacturing for our PCB to a number of different suppliers. We sometimes commit to a long-term relationship with such suppliers in exchange for receiving competitive pricing. All PCBs and enclosures are built to our engineering specifications. All PCBs are received in our manufacturing facilities in Israel and then tested, assembled, and retested. Other products are off-the-shelf products, which we purchase from a number of different suppliers.
  33
 
 Some of the activities for Existing Projects, such as purchasing, logistics, making integration, installation and testing, are done by third parties according to our instructions and under our supervision.
 
 Competition
 
 We assess our competitive position from our experience and market intelligence, and from reviewing third party competitive research materials.
  We believe that Zebra, RF Code, Axcess, Ekahau, Wave Trend, VT and Aeroscout are potential competitors, in niche areas, to us with respect to our active RFID tracking products.
 
 Our management expects competition to intensify as the markets in which our products and services compete continue to develop. Some of our competitors may be more technologically sophisticated or have substantially greater technical, financial, or marketing resources than we do, or may have more extensive pre-existing relationships with potential customers. Although we believe that our products combine technologies and features that provide customers with complete and comprehensive solutions, we cannot assure you that other companies will not offer similar products in the future or develop products and services that are superior to our products and services, achieve greater customer acceptance or have significantly improved functionality as compared to our products and services. Increased competition may result in our experiencing reduced margins, loss of sales or decreased market shares.
 
 Due to the developing nature of the markets for ouractive RFID products and solutions and the ongoing changes in this market, the above-mentioned list may not constitute a full list of all of our competitors and additional companies may be considered our competitors.
 
 Intellectual Property
 
 Our ability to compete is dependent on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our technology. We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, licensing and other contractual arrangements. However, these legal protections afford only limited protection for our proprietary technology and intellectual property.
 
 In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of Israel or the U.S. Our means of protecting our intellectual property rights in Israel, the U.S. or any other country in which we operate may not be adequate to fully protect such rights.
  Licenses
 
 We license technology and software, such as operating systems and database software, from third parties for incorporation into our systems and products and we expect to continue to enter into these types of agreements for future products. Our licenses are either perpetual or for specific terms.
 
 As part of the OTI Transaction, we received an irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, non-assignable and non-transferable license to use, in connection with the Existing Projects, the intellectual property that we transferred to OTI. Generally speaking, the license will be valid for the duration of all Existing Projects.
 
 Government Regulation
 
 We are subject to certain labor statutes and to certain provisions of collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (the General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordinating Bureau of Economic Organizations, including the Industrialists’ Association, with respect to our Israeli employees. In addition, some of our Israeli employees are also subject to minimum mandatory military service requirements. (See the discussion under the caption “Employees” in Section D of Item 6.)
 
 Generally, we are subject to the laws, regulations and standards of the countries in which we operate and/or sell our products, which vary substantially from country to country. The difficulty of complying with these laws, regulations and standards may be more or less difficult than complying with applicable U.S. or Israeli regulations, and the requirements may differ.
 
 34
 
 Employees
 
 As of December 31, 2010 we had 17 full-time employees, compared to 37 full-time employees as of December 31, 2009.  (See the discussion under the caption “Employees” in Item 6.D.)
 
 Our ability to succeed depends, among other things, upon our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, technical, accounting, sales and marketing personnel.
 
 Seasonality
 
 Our financial and operating results have fluctuated in the past and our financial and operating results could fluctuate in the future. The period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the sale of our products and services is often long and subject to delays associated with the budgeting, approval and competitive evaluation processes that frequently accompany significant capital expenditures, particularly by governmental agencies. The typical sales cycle for our government customers has to date ranged from three to 36 months and the typical sales cycle for our commercial customers has ranged from one to six months. A lengthy sales cycle may have an impact on the timing of our revenue, which may cause our quarterly operating results to fall below investor expectations. We believe that a customer's decision to purchase our products and services is discretionary, involves a significant commitment of resources, and is influenced by customer budgetary cycles or federal and state grants. To successfully sell our products and services, we generally must educate our potential customers regarding their use and benefits, which can require significant time and resources. This significant expenditure of time and resources may not result in actual sales of our products and services.
 
 The lead-time for ordering parts and materials and building many of our products can be many months. As a result, we must order parts and materials and build our products based on forecasted demand. If demand for our products lags significantly behind our forecasts, we may produce more products than we can sell, which can result in cash flow problems and write-offs or write-downs of obsolete inventory.
 
 C.
Organizational Structure
 
 The diagram below shows Vuance Ltd.'s holdings in its subsidiaries and affiliates as of May 31, 2011:
  Vuance
 Ltd.
 SuperCom
 Slovakia A.S.
 66%
 Vuance
 Inc.
 100%
 Vuance
 RFID
 Inc.
 Vuance RFID
 Ltd.
 100%
 PureRFid
 Inc.
 100%
 100%
 S.B.C.
Aviation Ltd.
 100%
 Vuance, Inc. (formerly, SuperCom Inc.)
 Vuance, Inc., incorporated in Delaware, is our wholly-owned subsidiary, and was responsible for our sales and marketing efforts in the U.S until January 2010.
 
 Vuance - RFID Inc.
 Vuance - RFID Inc. (formerly, Pure RF Inc.) incorporated in Delaware in November 2005. Upon its incorporation we owned 80% of its shares. During January 2006, Vuance - RFID Inc. established a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Vuance RFID Ltd. (formerly, Pure RF Ltd.), which focuses on new technologies and solutions for the tracking of people and assets. During February 2007, we purchased the remaining 20% of Vuance - RFID Inc. for $100,000, whereupon Vuance - RFID Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In August 2007, all the employees of Vuance RFID Ltd. were transferred to us, and on December 31, 2007 we purchased all of the assets and liabilities of Vuance RFID Ltd. Commencing year 2008, Vuance RFID Inc. engaged in an activity to distribute complementary locks and electronic locks. This activity was terminated in the fourth quarter of 2008 and it is presented in the financial reports as discontinued operations.
 
 35
 
 S.B.C Aviation Ltd.
 S.B.C Aviation Ltd., incorporated in Israel in the fourth quarter of 2006, is our wholly-owned subsidiary, which commenced operations in 2007, and focused until 2009 on executing information technology and security projects.
  SuperCom Slovakia A.S. (“SuperCom Slovakia”)
 SuperCom Slovakia, incorporated in Slovakia, was established to implement a national documentation project in the Republic of Slovakia. SuperCom Slovakia is 66% owned by us and 34% owned by EIB Group a.s., a privately held Czech company. Despite our ownership of almost two-thirds of the economic interests of SuperCom Slovakia, our voting power in SuperCom Slovakia is 50%.
 
 PureRFid, Inc.
 PureRFid, Inc., incorporated in Delaware, is our wholly-owned subsidiary, and as of January 2010 is responsible for our sales and marketing efforts in the U.S.
 
 SuperCom Asia Pacific Limited (“SuperCom Asia Pacific”)
 SuperCom Asia Pacific, incorporated in Hong Kong, had been our wholly-owned subsidiary since November 2003, and had been responsible for our sales and marketing efforts in Asia Pacific. In the third quarter of 2009, we began to wind down operations of SuperCom Asia Pacific. We sold our entire equity interest in SuperCom Asia Pacific, for no consideration pursuant to a purchase agreement entered into on or about October 21, 2010.
 
 D.
Property, Plants and Equipment
 
 We do not own any real estate.
 
 We lease approximately 682 square meters of facilities in Qadima, Israel under a one-year lease contract, currently expiring on October 31, 2011. According to the agreement, the monthly fee is approximately $7,700.
 
 Vuance, Inc. leases a facility in Peachtree City, GA of approximately 465 square meters for an average monthly fee of $2,800. The lease commenced on March 1, 2008 and expires on February 28, 2013.
 
 Vuance, Inc. also leased a facility in Rockville, Maryland of approximately 219 square meters for an average monthly fee of $5,000, which was subleased for a monthly fee of $4,200. The lease commenced on December 1, 2007 and expired on February 28, 2011.
 
 In 2009, Vuance, Inc. signed a lease agreement in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, which was amended on February 23, 2011, of approximately 557 square meters for an average monthly fee of $3,800. The lease commenced on April 1, 2010 and expires on March 31, 2015.
 
 All such leased properties in the U.S. consist of office space for management, administrative, operation, sales and marketing activities.
 
 The total annual rental fees, net of rent income from subleases, for 2008, 2009 and 2010 were $440,000, $331,000 and $121,000, respectively. The total annual lease commitments for 2011 are $166,000.
 
 All assets are held in the name of Vuance Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
 
 36
 
 The following table details our fixed assets as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010:
  December 31,2008


2009


2010(In thousands of US Dollars)Cost:Computers and peripheral equipment

$
354


$
320


$
262Office furniture and equipment


193



198



197Leasehold improvements


39



46



45586



564



504Accumulated depreciation:Computers and peripheral equipment


243



270



244Office furniture and equipment


103



110



120Leasehold improvements


22



27



30368



407



394Depreciated cost:

$
218


$
157


$
110
 
 Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were $73,000 $77,000 and $47,000, respectively.
 
 ITEM 4A.    Unsolved Staff Comments.
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
  A.
Operating results
 
 The following section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and which are included in Item 18. Some of the statements contained in this section constitute “forward-looking statements.” These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. (See “Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” at the beginning of this report, and “Risk Factors” In Item 3.D)
  Revenues
 
 The Company and its subsidiaries generate their revenues from the sale of products, maintenance, royalties and long term contracts (including training and installation). The sale of products involves the sale of active RFID products and existing e-ID project. Following delivery of such products, usually revenues from the sale of such products generated..
 
 Our products are tailored to meet the specific needs of our customers. In order to satisfy these needs, the terms of each agreement, including the duration of the agreement and prices for our products and services differ from agreement to agreement.
 
 Operating Expenses
 
 Our costs associated with a particular project may vary significantly depending on the specific requirements of the customer, the terms of the agreement, as well as on the extent of the technology licensing. As a result, our gross profits from each project may vary significantly.
 
 Our research and development expenses consist of salaries and related, raw material, subcontractors, depreciation costs and overheads allocated to research and development activities.
 
 37
 
 Our selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related, commissions earned by sales and marketing personnel, trade show, promotional expenses and overheads allocated to selling and marketing activities, as well as depreciation expenses and travel costs.
 
 Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related, allocated overheads, office supplies and administrative, costs  of our board of directors, legal, human resource, information technology, depreciation, and professional service fees, including legal counsel, insurance and audit fees.
 
 Net Income (Loss)
 
 Our operating results are significantly affected by, among other things, the timing of contract awards and the performance of agreements. As a result, our revenues and income (loss) may fluctuate substantially from quarter to quarter, and comparisons over longer periods of time may be more meaningful. The nature of our certain expenses is mainly fixed or semi-fixed and any fluctuation in revenues will generate a significant variation in gross profit and net income (loss).
 
 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
 The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis.
 
 We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Under different assumptions or conditions, actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
 Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("US GAAP"). Our significant accounting principles are presented within Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. While all the accounting policies impact the financial statements, certain policies may be viewed to be critical. These policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our management believes that the accounting policies which affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and which are the most critical to fully understanding and evaluating our reported results include the following:
 
 ·
Revenue recognition;
 ·
Allowance for doubtful accounts;
 ·
Contingencies;
 ·
Stock Based Compensation;
 ·
Goodwill and other intangible assets; and
 ·
Going concern.
 
 Revenue Recognition
 
 We generate our revenues from the sale of products, maintenance, royalties and long term contracts including training and installation. The sale of products currently involves the sale of active RFID products and existing e-ID project. We sell our products in the U.S. through distributors and our local subsidiary, PureRFid, Inc., and directly throughout the rest of the world.
 
 Product sales are recognized in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB No. 104”), when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, collectability is probable, and inconsequential or perfunctory performance obligations remain. If the product requires specific customer acceptance, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs or the acceptance provision lapses.
 
 We recognized certain long-term contract revenues in accordance with ASC Topic 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts". Pursuant to ASC Topic 605-35, revenues from these contracts are recognized under the percentage of completion method.  We measure the percentage of completion based on output or input criteria, such as contract milestones, percentage of engineering completion or number of units shipped, as applicable in each contract. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made during the period in which such losses are first identified, in the amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract. As of December 31, 2010, no such estimated losses were identified. As of December 31, 2010, all the long-term contracts were completed and their related revenues were recognized in full. We believe that the use of the percentage of completion method is appropriate, since we have the ability, using also independent subcontractor's evaluation, to make reasonably dependable estimates of the extent of progress made towards completion, contract revenues and contract costs.  In addition, contracts executed include provisions that clearly specify the enforceable rights of the parties to the contract, the consideration to be exchanged and the manner and the terms of settlement. In all cases, we expect to perform our contractual obligations and the parties are expected to satisfy their obligations under the contract. In contracts that do not meet all the conditions mentioned above, we utilize zero estimates of profits; equal amounts of revenue and cost are recognized until results can be estimated with sufficient accuracy. Revenues and costs recognized pursuant to ASC Topic 605-35 on contracts in progress are subject to management estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
 38
 
 We are not obligated to accept returned products or issue credit for returned products, unless a product return has been approved by us in advance and is according to specific terms and conditions. As of December 31, 2010 we had an allowance for customer's returns in an insignificant amount.
 
 Our warranty period is typically 12 months. Based primarily on our historical experience, we do not provide for warranty costs when revenue is recognized, since such costs are not material.
 
 Deferred revenues and customer advances include amounts received from customers for which revenues have not been recognized.
 
 We are entitled to royalties upon of the issuance of a certificate. Such royalties are recognized when the sales are reported to us (usually on a monthly basis).
 
 Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
 The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to specific debts that we have determined to be of doubtful collection.
 
 We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial conditions and we require collateral as we deem necessary. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to those accounts that we have determined to be doubtful of collection. If the financial conditions of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $3,470,000 and $1,553,000 at December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
 
 Contingencies
 
 From time to time, we are the defendant or plaintiff in various legal actions, which arise in the normal course of business. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of reserves required for these contingencies, if any, which would be charged to earnings, is made after careful and considered analysis of each individual action with our legal advisors. The required reserves may change in the future due to new developments in each matter or changes in circumstances, such as a change in settlement strategy. A change in the required reserves would affect our earnings in the period the change is made. Other than as described under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Item 8, there are no material pending legal proceedings in which we are a party or of which our property is subject.
 
 Stock-Based Compensation
 
 Share-based compensation, including grants of stock options, are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as an operating expense, based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value of stock-based compensation is estimated using an option-pricing model.
 
 The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in our consolidated statement of operations.
 
 We estimate the fair value of employee stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. We amortize compensation costs using the graded vesting attribution method over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.
 
 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 
 Under ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other", goodwill acquired in a business combination is deemed to have indefinite life and is not to be amortized. ASC Topic 350 requires goodwill to be tested for impairment at least annually or between annual tests in certain circumstances, and written down when impaired, rather than being amortized. Goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value ("step 1"). If the fair value exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit net assets, goodwill is considered not impaired, and no further testing is required. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then the implied fair value of goodwill is determined by subtracting the fair value of all the identifiable net assets from the fair value of the reporting unit. An impairment loss is recorded for the excess, if any, of the carrying value of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit over its implied fair value ("step 2").
 
 39
 
 During 2008, we recorded an impairment of goodwill in an amount of $3,235,000.
 
 Due to the sale of activities in January 2010 (see above), we recorded in 2009 an impairment loss of the entire remaining balance of the goodwill which was attributed to the components sold in an amount of $685,000 and in addition we recorded an impairment loss of certain other intangible assets in an amount of $434,000.
 
 Going concern
 
 We incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. We had an operating cash flow deficit in each of 2008, 2009, and 2010. As of December 31, 2010, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $49,344,000. We incurred net losses of approximately $12,358,000, $5,085,000 and $1,965,000 in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. We may continue to have an annual net operating losses and negative cash flows for the near future, and expect to spend significant amounts of capital to enhance our products and services, develop further sales and operations and fund expansion. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenue to achieve annual profitability. Even if we do achieve annual profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Continuation of our current operations after utilizing our current cash reserves and other current assets is dependent upon the generation of additional financial resources. As described in Item 4.A under the caption “Recent Development”, we wishes to complete the Creditor Arrangement, which is pending approval by the District Court in Israel, and also are seeking to raise funds either via issuance of additional equity or through receipt of additional bank credit lines. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 Results of Operations
 
 The following table sets forth selected our consolidated income statement data for each of the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 expressed as a percentage of total revenues.
 
 2008(**)



2009



2010Revenues


100
%


100
%


100
%Cost of revenues


38.3



36.2



27.8Gross profit


61.7



63.8



72.2Operating expensesResearch and development


9.6



9.7



5.2Selling and marketing


54.7



55.1



59.6General and administrative


14.4



17.7



26.9Other (income) expenses


-
(*)


1.3



(5.4
)Total operating expenses


78.7



83.8



86.3Operating loss


(17.1
)


(20
)


(14.2
)Financial expenses, net


(17.0
)


(6.7
)


(9.2
)Loss before income tax


(34.1
)


(26.7
)


(23.4
)Income tax


(0.8
)


(0.8
)


(0.7
)Loss from discontinued operations


(33.3
)


(27.1
)


(2.6
)Net loss


(68.2
)


(54.6
)


(26.6
)
 
 (*) Less than 0.1%.
 (**)Due to the sale of certain business activities in January 2010, as described in Item 4 above, those business activities are presented as discontinued operations in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
 
 40
 
 Operating Results
  Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
 
 Revenues
 
 Our revenues from continuing operations in 2010 were $7,389,000, compared to $9,304,000 in 2009, a decrease of 21%. The decrease in our revenues from continuing operations is primarily due to a completion of large airport control system in a European country during 2009.
  Gross Profit
 
 Our gross profits from continuing operations in 2010 were $5,332,000 compared to $5,939,000 in 2009, a decrease of 10%. The gross profit margin for the year 2010 was 72% compared to 64% in 2009. The increase in gross profit margin attributed to changes in our mix of revenues.
 
 Expenses
 
 Our operating expensesfrom continuing operations in 2010 were $6,380,000, compared to $7,807,000 in 2009, a decrease of 18%. The decrease in operating expenses from continuing operations was primarily due a decrease in Research and development expenses, in Selling and marketing expenses and in Other expenses (income).
  Research and development from continuing operations expenses consist primarily of salaries and related, raw material, subcontractors, depreciation and amortization costs and overheads allocated to research and development activities. Our research and development expenses from continuing operations in 2010 were $386,000, compared to $898,000 in 2009, a decrease of 57%. The decrease in our research and development expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to a decrease in stock-based compensation accounted for in 2009.
  Sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations consist primarily of salaries and related, commissions earned by sales and marketing personnel and partners, trade shows and overheads allocated to selling and marketing activities, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses and travel costs. Our sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations in 2010 were $4,405,000, compared to $5,131,000 in 2009, a decrease of 14%. The decrease in the sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to the decrease in revenues.
  General and administrative expenses from continuing operations consist primarily of salaries and related, allocated overheads, office supplies and administrative, costs  of our board of directors, bad debts expenses, human resource, information technology, depreciation and amortization, and professional service fees, including legal counsel, insurance and audit fees. Our general and administrative expenses from continuing operations in 2010 were $1,985,000, compared to $1,648,000 in 2009, an increase of 20%. The increase in general and administrative expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to an increase in legal expenses in year 2010.
  Additionally, other (income) expenses from continuing operations consisted in 2010 other income associated with the selling of our Hong Kong subsidiary and with debt restructuring. Other expenses from continuing operations in 2009 consisted of expenses that relate to litigations that settled during the reported period as described in "Legal Proceedings" in Item 8 and accruals related to legal proceeding exposures. Our other income from continuing operations in 2010 were $396,000, compared to other expenses of $130,000 in 2009.
 
 Financial Expenses, net
 
 Financial expensesfrom continuing operations consist primarily of interest related to our Convertible Bonds, bank’s fees and exchange rate expenses. Financial expensesfrom continuing operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $678,000 and $620,000, respectively. The increase in financial expenses from continuing operations is mainly due to an increase in financial expenses with respect to our Convertible Bonds and due to an increase in exchange rate expenses arise from the decline in the NIS/dollar rate.
 
 41
 
 Income Tax
 
 Income taxes from continuing operations are mainly expenses related to withholding tax at source related to our project with a European country. Income taxes on income from continuing operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $50,000 and $71,000, respectively. The decrease is mainly due to a one-time allowance for income taxes recorded in 2009 in relation to our Israeli subsidiary.
 
 Loss from discontinued operations
 
 Loss from discontinued operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $189,000 and $2,526,000, respectively. The loss from discontinued operations is attributed to the sale of our EAC and CSMS businesses, which were sold in January 2010.
 
 Net Loss
 
 As a result of the factors described above, our net loss in 2010 was $1,965,000, compared to a net loss of $5,085,000 in 2009.
 
 Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
 
 Revenues
 
 Our revenues from continuing operations in 2009 were $9,304,000, compared to $18,112,000 in 2008, a decrease of 49%. The decrease in our revenues from continuing operations is primarily due to a decrease in revenues from our European Airport Project as a result of the completion of our contractual obligations during 2009. Under this project we recognized revenues in 2009 in the amount of $1,961,000 compared to $9,722,000 in 2008.
  Gross Profit
 
 Our gross profits from continuing operations in 2009 were $5,939,000 compared to $11,167,000 in 2008, a decrease of 47%. The gross profit margin for the year 2009 increased by 2.1% to 63.8%. The decrease in gross profits from continuing operations was due to a decrease in revenues from our European Airport Project as described above.
 
 Expenses
 
 Our operating expensesfrom continuing operations in 2009 were $7,807,000, compared to $14,262,000 in 2008, a decrease of 45%. The decrease in operating expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to the reduction in sales and marketing expenses related to promotion and commissions expenses resulting from the decrease in revenues from the European Airport Project, as described above, and the reduction of our operational expenses from continuing operations including labor, rent, and other administration expenses.
  Research and development from continuing operations expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, subcontractors, allocated overhead expense, supplies and equipment for software developers and architects, hardware engineers and program managers, as well as legal fees associated with our intellectual property. Our research and development expenses from continuing operations in 2009 were $898,000, compared to $1,738,000 in 2008, a decrease of 48%. The decrease in our research and development expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to an efficiency plan we implemented to achieve a reduction in subcontractors and labor expenses related to our efforts to develop our RFID technologies.
  Sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations consist primarily of salaries and commissions earned by sales and marketing personnel, promotion expenses, trade show expenses, allocated overhead and supplies and travel and entertainment costs. Our sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations in 2009 were $5,131,000, compared to $9,905,000 in 2008, a decrease of 48%. The decrease in the sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to the decrease in sales promotion and commission expenses related to the decrease in revenues from the European Airport Project, as described above, and labor, rent, traveling and marketing expenses related to our activities in the U.S.
  42
 
 General and administrative expenses from continuing operations consist primarily of salaries, benefits, allocated overhead and supplies, and related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resource, information technology and administrative personnel, and professional service fees, including legal counsel insurance and audit fees. Our general and administrative expenses from continuing operations in 2009 were $1,648,000, compared to $2,611,000 in 2008, a decrease of 37%. The decrease in general and administrative expenses from continuing operations was primarily due to reductions in labor, rent, and other administration expenses.
  Additionally, other expenses from continuing operations consist of expenses that relate to litigations that settled during the reported periods as described in "Legal Proceedings" in Item 8 and accruals related to legal proceeding exposures. Our other expenses from continuing operations in 2009 were $130,000, compared to $8,000 in 2008. The increase in our other expenses from continuing operations in 2009 related to the litigation with Secu-Systems Ltd., asdescribed in Item 8 "Legal Proceedings".
 
 Financial Expenses, net
 
 Financial expensesfrom continuing operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, were $620,000 and $3,087,000, respectively. The decrease in financial expenses from continuing operations is mainly due to the decrease in financial expenses with respect to Convertible Bonds from $2,214,000 in 2008 to $565,000 in 2009. The financial expenses in 2008 were higher due to a breach of certain convertible bond covenants that required us to amend the convertible bond agreement including penalties and the acceleration of deferred expenses and the remaining discount amounts (attributed to warrants and the beneficial conversion feature), and due to financial expenses related to marketable securities. During 2008, we realized losses from the sale of marketable securities in the amount of $862,000, compared to $0 during 2009.
 
 Income Tax
 
 Income taxes from continuing operations are mainly expenses related to withholding tax at source related to our project with a European country. Income taxes from continuing operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $71,000 and $137,000, respectively. The decrease is mainly due to a change in the percentage of the withholding tax at source.
 
 Loss from discontinued operations
 
 Loss from discontinued operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $2,526,000 and $6,039,000, respectively. The loss from discontinued operations is attributed to the sale of our EAC and CSMS businesses, which were sold in January 2010. A loss from discontinued operations in 2008 in the amount of $272,000, related to Vuance - RFID Inc. activity to distribute complementary locks and electronic locks which commenced in 2008 and was terminated in the fourth quarter of 2008.
 
 Net Loss
 
 As a result of the factors described above, our net loss in 2009 was $5,085,000, compared to a net loss of $12,358,000 in 2008.
  Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations
 
 Because the majority of our revenue is paid in or linked to the U.S. dollar, we believe that inflation and fluctuation in the NIS/dollar exchange rate has limited effect on our results of operations. However, a portion of the cost of our Israeli operations, mainly personnel, is incurred in NIS. Because some of our costs are in NIS, inflation in NIS/dollar exchange rate fluctuations does have some impact on our expenses and, as a result, on our net income. Our NIS costs, as expressed in dollars, are influenced by the extent to which any increase in the rate of inflation in Israel is not offset, or is offset on a delayed basis, by a devaluation of the NIS in relation to the dollar.
 
 Historically, the New Israeli Shekel has been devalued in relation to the U.S. dollar and other major currencies principally to reflect the extent to which inflation in Israel exceeds average inflation rates in Western economies. Such devaluations in any particular fiscal period are never completely synchronized with the rate of inflation and therefore may lag behind or exceed the underlying inflation rate.
 
 In 2010, the rate of appreciation of the NIS against the U.S. dollar was 6% and the rate of inflation, in Israel, was 2.7%. It is unclear what the devaluation/evaluation and inflation rates will be in the future, and we may be materially adversely affected if inflation in Israel exceeds the devaluation of the NIS against the U.S. dollar or the evaluation of the NIS against the U.S. Dollar, or if the timing of the devaluation lags behind increases in inflation in Israel.
 
 43
 
 We do not engage in any hedging or other transactions intended to manage risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate or interest rate fluctuations. At December 31, 2010, we did not own any market risk sensitive instruments except for our revolving line of credit. However, we may in the future undertake hedging or other similar transactions or invest in market risk-sensitive instruments if our management determines that it is necessary or advisable to offset these risks.
 
 Seasonality
 
 Our quarterly operations are subject to fluctuations due to several factors, including the factors discused under the caption “Risk Factors—The time from our initial contact with a customer to a sale is long and subject to delays which could result in the postponement of our receipt of revenues from one accounting period to the next, increasing the variability of our results of operations and causing significant fluctuations in our revenue from quarter to quarter” in Item 3.D.  It is our experience that, as a general matter, a majority of our sales are made during the latter half of the calendar year consistent with the budgetary, approval and order processes of our governmental agencies customers. Additionally, the period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the purchase of our products and services is often long and subject to delays associated with the budgeting, approval and competitive evaluation processes that frequently accompany significant expenses, particularly for government and government agencies organizations. A lengthy sales cycle may have an impact on the timing of our revenue, which may cause our quarterly operating results to fall below investor expectations. We believe that a customer's decision to purchase our products and services is discretionary, involves a significant commitment of resources, and is influenced by customer budgetary cycles. To successfully sell our products and services, we generally must educate our potential customers regarding their use and benefits, which can require significant time and resources. This significant expenditure of time and resources may not result in actual sales of our products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
 New Accounting Pronouncements
  ASC Topic 605 - 25 “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements”
 
 In October 2009, the FASB issued amendments to the accounting and disclosure for revenue recognition. These amendments, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010 (fiscal year 2011 for us), with early adoption permitted, modify the criteria for recognizing revenue in multiple element arrangements and require companies to develop a best estimate of the selling price to separate deliverables and allocate arrangement consideration using the relative selling price method. Additionally, the amendments eliminate the residual method for allocating arrangement considerations. The adoption of the new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
 ASC Topic 985 - 605, "Software - Revenue Recognition"
 
 In October 2009, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2009-14, Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements – a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, to amend the scope of arrangements under ASC 985, Software, 605, “Revenue Recognition” to exclude tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver a product’s essential functionality. Such components shall be subject to ASC Topic 605 - 25 “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements”.
 
 The amended guidance in ASC 605-25 and ASC 985-605 is effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, with early application and retrospective application permitted. We expect to prospectively apply the amended guidance in ASC 985-605, concurrently with the amended guidance in ASC 605-25, beginning on January 1, 2011.
 
 The adoption of the new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
 ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”
 
 In January 2010, the FASB updated the “Fair Value Measurements Disclosures” accounting standard. This update will require (a) an entity to disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements and to describe the reasons for the transfers; and (b) information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements to be presented separately (i.e. present the activity on a gross basis rather than net) in the reconciliation for fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The update clarifies existing disclosure requirements for the level of disaggregation used for classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, and requires disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs.
 
 44
 
 As applicable to us, the update became effective as of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures of the Level 3 roll forward information, which is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim reporting periods within those years (fiscal 2011 for us). The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Moreover, the adoption of the provisions that will be effective in 2011 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
 B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
 Net cash used in operating activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 was $1,212,000 compared to $1,661,000 during the period ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $449,000, or 27%. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $132,000 compared to a decrease in inventory of $1,008,000 during 2009; due to an increase in advances from customers of $973,000 in 2010 compared to a decrease of $1,484,000 in 2009; due to a decrease in net loss from $5,085,000 in 2009 to $1,965,000 in 2010 and due to an impairment loss in the amount of $1,119,000 recorded in 2009 which was not recorded in 2010.
  Net cash provided by investing activities during the period ended December 31, 2010 was $639,000, compared to $1,676,000 during the period ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $1,037,000. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease from proceeds from restricted cash deposits, net.
  Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $114,000, compared to net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2009 of $171,000, an increase of $285,000 which attributed primarily to issuance of share capital during 2010.
 
 As of December 31, 2010, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $197,000, compared to $656,000 as of December 31, 2009. Restricted cash totaled $130,000 as of December 31, 2010, compared to $330,000 as of December 31, 2009. The decrease in restricted cash deposit is related to a bank deposit to secure a documentary credit to a supplier, related to our certain project with a European country which was paid to the supplier. Restricted cash is invested in a deposit, which mature within up to one year, and is used to secure agreements with a supplier.
 
 We have accumulated net losses of approximately $49,344,000 from our inception through December 31, 2010.
 
 Since May 1999, we have funded operations primarily through cash generated from our initial public offering on NASDAQ Europe in April 1999, which resulted in total net proceeds of approximately $23,600,000 (before offering expenses), and, to a lesser extent, from our sale of the shares of our former subsidiary, InkSure Technologies, Inc., from borrowings from financial institutions, from private placements of our ordinary shares and warrants to purchase our ordinary shares, in 2004, 2005 and 2010,  from issuance of convertible bonds and warrants, from the sale of certain activities of Vuance Inc. in January 2010, and in 2006, 2007 and 2008 from the sale of OTI shares that were received from the sale of the E-ID Division to OTI. As of December 31, 2010, our principal source of liquidity was $197,000 of cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2010, we had $5,247,000 of debt outstanding relating to obligations under our Convertible Bonds, accrued expenses of $2,244,000, advances from customer of $1,010,000 and an obligation for severance pay to Israeli employees of $254,000, of which $234,000 is already covered by monthly deposits to severance pay funds and insurance policies.
 
 During June and July 2004, we received aggregate gross proceeds of $1,225,000 from the private placement of 265,001 ordinary shares and five-year warrants to purchase 106,001 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $6.47 per share. In connection with the private placement, our placement advisors received warrants to purchase 77,941 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $6.47 per share.
 
 In August and September 2004, we received gross proceeds of $2,200,000 from a private placement to accredited investors of 420,000 ordinary shares and five-year warrants to purchase 168,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $6.47 per share. In connection with the private placement, our placement agent received warrants to purchase 30,240 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $6.47 per share and 75,601 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. All of such warrants issued in this private placement, except 75,601 warrants with an exercise price of $5.00, were called by us at a redemption price of $0.0588 per warrant pursuant to our right to do so if the closing price (or closing bid price) of our ordinary shares on an U.S. stock exchange, NASDAQ or the OTC Bulletin Board was equal to or greater than $14.70 per share for 10 out of any 15 consecutive trading days. The investors exercised warrants to purchase an aggregate of 194,627 ordinary shares. During the fourth quarter of 2004, 120,176 warrants were exercised for an aggregate amount of approximately $778,000, and approximately $130,000 was received with respect to shares to be allotted in 2005. During the year 2005, 54,451 warrants were exercised for an aggregate amount of approximately $352,000.
 
 45
 
 In November and December of 2005, we received aggregate gross proceeds of $3,050,000 from a private placement by certain investors of 836,292 ordinary shares (of which 150,807 shares were issued after December 31, 2005) and five-year warrants to purchase 292,701 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $3.53 per share. The private placement was made to accredited investors pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D, promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and to foreign private investors in offshore transactions in reliance on Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act. In connection with the private placement, our placement agent received a cash fee of $150,000 and our placement advisors received five-year warrants to purchase 8,446 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $3.53 per share. The investors that participated in this private placement were granted the right, for one year following the closing of the private placement and subject to certain limitations, to participate in future issuances of our capital stock or securities (a “Subsequent Financing”) up to an amount which would permit each investor to maintain its fully diluted percentage equity ownership at the same level existing prior to the Subsequent Financing (after giving effect to such Subsequent Financing). The warrants are callable, subject to certain limitations, at our option if the closing bid price per ordinary share of our ordinary shares equals or exceeds $7.06 for 20 trading days during the term of the warrants. We may however only call, in any 3-month period, the lesser of (i) 20% of the aggregate amount of the warrants initially issued to a warrant holder, or (ii) the total number of warrants then held by such holder.
 
 In November 2006, we raised $3,156,500 through the issuance of units consisting of convertible bonds, or the Convertible Bonds and warrants. Units valued at $2,500,000 were issued to Brevan Howard Master Fund Limited or “BH”  and units valued at $656,500 were issued to Special Situation Funds (SSF), based on the participation rights provided in a private placement during 2005, which were existing shareholders of us. According to their original terms the Convertible Bonds matured three years from the date of issuance and bore interest at an annual rate of 8%. The Convertible Bonds provided that any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest will be grossed up and paid by us (approximately 3% of the principal of the bonds); and payment of interest will be net of any tax. Subject to certain redemption provisions, the Convertible Bonds may be converted at any time, at the option of the holders, into our ordinary shares at an original conversion price of $5 per share. The holders were also granted warrants entitling them to acquire a total of 134,154 ordinary shares  at an original exercise price of $5 per share during the next five years. In respect of this transaction, we paid approximately $215,000 cash as issuance expenses and granted an option to acquire up to 25,000 of our ordinary shares to a third party, exercisable at an original $5 per share. The fair market value of this grant was $ 40,000.
 
 Pursuant to their terms, if we fail to fulfill certain conditions of the Convertible Bonds, the holders may accelerate repayment of the principal amount of $3,123,500 of the Convertible Bonds, in which case all interest payable up to the maturity date will immediately become due and payable.
 
 We have determined that the embedded conversion feature should not be separated from the host instrument because it is qualified for equity classification. Therefore the transaction was accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 470 – 20, “Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options”.
 
 In November 2007, due to a breach of certain conditions of the Convertible Bonds, the holders had the right to accelerate the repayment of the principal with all the interest payable until the maturity date of the bonds. However, we signed an amendment to the agreement with the holders under which we were required to pay to one of the holders interest in the amount of$276,000 (together with any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest (approximately 3% of the principal of the Convertible Bonds)) and with respect to the other holder we changed the conversion ratio of the Convertible Bonds to $4.25. In a consideration the holders waived their right to accelerate the repayment of the Convertible Bonds. We accounted for the amendment as a modification of the Convertible Bonds.
 
 In June 2008, following a breach in the amended terms of the Convertible Bonds, we reached an agreement with BH, pursuant to which, among other things, BH waived the requirement that we comply with certain covenants under its Convertible Bonds, in exchange for:
 
 1.
Increasing the interest rate to 10% starting March 31, 2008. Any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest will be grossed up and paid by us (approximately 3% of the principal of the bonds).
 2.
Reducing the exercise price of the bond and the warrants to $3 and $2.8, respectively.
 3.
Our undertaking to place a fixed charge on all income and/or rights in connection with a certain European Airport Project. This charge shall be senior to any indebtedness and/or other pledge and encumbrance, but shall, however, be subject to certain rights of us to use part of the income.
 4.
Our granting of certain anti-dilution rights with respect to the warrants held by BH.
 
 46
 
 In addition, it was agreed that under certain circumstances BH may demand an early payment in part or in full of the principal amount of its Convertible Bond. We accounted for the amendment as an extinguishment of the Convertible Bonds.
 
 Due to the breach of certain of the covenants under the Convertible Bonds, we had to recognize, in 2008, financial expenses in the amount of $553,000, to accelerate deferred expenses in the amount of $138,000 and to accelerate the remaining discount amounts (attributed to warrants and beneficial conversion feature) in the amount of $724,000. In addition, as of December 31, 2008, the Convertible Bond was classified as a current liability.
 
 On August 12, 2009, we  entered into an agreement with BH to make additional amendments to certain terms of its Convertible Bond, (the “Amendment Agreement”), pursuant to which, in exchange for security in certain of our assets, including all incomes and/or rights in connection therewith to which we and our Subsidiaries are and shall be entitled to as a result of certain legal proceedings involving our Slovakian subsidiary SuperCom Slovakia, and all amounts in connection with the project related to the legal proceedings, BH agreed to (a) waive the requirement that we comply with and (b) amend certain provisions of, its Convertible Bond including, (i) increasing the applicable rate of interest to 12% and by 0.5% every 180 days afterward, (ii) releasing us from certain payments upon the completion of certain payments of principal and interest due under the Convertible Bond, (iii) making monthly payments of $41,000 against the total amount due under the Convertible Bond over an eight (8) year period, and (iv) increasing the number of warrants granted to 159,375 and amend their exercise price of all the warrants to $0.40 per share. The modification was determined to be a debt extinguishment.
 
 For more information on the legal proceedings involving SuperCom Slovakia, see Item 8 – Legal Proceedings.
 
 On November 9, 2009, we entered into an amendment agreement with Special Situation Funds or “SSF”, the holder of the Convertible Bond in the amount of $623,565, pursuant to which, in exchange for a security in certain of our assets, SSF agreed to (a) waive its requirement that we comply with  and (b) amend certain provisions of, its Convertible Bond including, (i) increasing the applicable rate of interest to 12% and by 0.5% every 180 days afterward, (ii) releasing us from certain payments upon the completion of certain payments of principal and interest due under its Convertible Bond, (iii) making monthly payments of $10,000 against the total amount due under the Convertible Bond over an eight (8) year period, (iv) reducing the exercise price of the Convertible Bond and the warrants to $3 and $0.4, respectively and, (v) increase the number of warrants granted to 31,238. The modification was determined to be a debt extinguishment.
 
 As of December 31, 2009, in light of the above amendments, total principal amount of $430,000 is presented in current liabilities and a total principle amount of $2,624,000 is presented in long-term liabilities. In addition, an amount of $1,693,000 which includes interest and penalties that it was agreed to be paid after the principal amount is paid, and therefore is presented among long-term loan and others.
 
 As of December 31, 2009 we were in compliance with covenants under the amendment Convertible Bond agreements.
 
 In January 2010, we have received the investors’ consent to sell our EAC and CSMS businesses (as described in Item 4). In addition, we created a specific (fixed) charge in favor of the investors on the intellectual property rights belonging to our remaining RFID business.
 
 On August 24, 2010, BH entered into an Absolute Assignment and Transfer of Bond and Warrant (“Assignment”) with Sigma Wave Ltd. (“Sigma”), an Israeli company and our major shareholder. Pursuant to the Assignment, BH transferred to Sigma all of its rights in the BH Convertible Bonds and warrants.
 
 The Assignment had no impact on our assets or liabilities or our financial results.
 
 In 2010 we petitioned the Petach Tikva District Court to approve the Creditor Arrangement. (For more information on the Creditor Arrangement see above in Item 4A. History and Development of the Corporation under "Recent Developments.")  We requested that pursuant to the proposed arrangement all creditors (whether secured, preferential (by statute) and unsecured) shall be considered to have released us from our debt obligations towards them as of such date in exchange for the allotment to all such creditors of  our ordinary shares or warrants to purchase our ordinary shares (that are immediately exercisable in a cashless transaction and with expiry date of December 31, 2012) at a price of $0.09 per ordinary share, against 40% of our total outstanding debt to our creditors and in consideration for which the creditors would forgive the remaining 60% of the outstanding debt. The Creditor Arrangement was approved by a general meeting of our shareholders as well as a meeting of our creditors, and is awaiting final court approval, pending the resolution by the court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by Special Situation Funds, one of our major creditors. Should the completion of the Creditor Arrangement occur, we will be required to issue a significant additional number of ordinary shares and warrants convertible into our ordinary shares and we will be released from approximately $5,954,000 (as of December 31, 2010) of our obligations. However, should the court not approve our request, and if we are unable to otherwise restructure our debt obligations, our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations, will depend, among other things, upon our future operating performance and our ability to refinance indebtedness when necessary.
 
 47
 
 On March 30, 2011, we entered into a financing agreement with Sigma that entitles us to refinance the short-term obligations under the Convertible Bonds held by Sigma on a long-term basis. Pursuant to the agreement, and subject to certain conditions and covenants, Sigma postponed all mature amounts, relating to principal and interest, as of December 31, 2010, to January 1, 2012. As of the date of the agreement we met the required covenants and according to our management assessment it is not considered probable that we will fail to meet such covenants until December 31, 2011. In addition, the agreement requires that interest amounts with respect to fiscal 2011 will become due during July 2011 and thereafter. As a consequence of the financing agreement, as of December 31, 2010, our total outstanding debt to Sigma under the Convertible Bonds is $4,262,000, of which $2,453,000 is presented among convertible bonds (long-term balance) and $1,810,000 is presented among long-term loan and others.
  As of December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds agreements with respect to bonds held by SSF.
 
 As of the filing date of this annual report, however, we were not in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds with respect to bonds held by SSF due to the legal proceeding held in the District Court in connection with our petition to the District Court for approval of the Creditor Arrangement (see also Item 4.A under the caption “Recent Developments”). We intend to include the Convertible Bonds held by SSF within the Creditor Arrangement. The petition, however, is subject to final approval of the District Court, pending the resolution by the District Court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by SSF.
  On December 31, 2006, we concluded the sale of our E-ID division to On-Track Innovations Ltd., or OTI (the "OTI Transaction") for consideration which consisted of 2,827,200 restricted ordinary shares of OTI.
 
 As a result of the OTI Transaction, we recognized $10,536,000 as a capital gain on the sale of the E-ID Division in fiscal year 2006.
 
 The capital gain was calculated based on OTI’s share price on the closing date, less a discount due to the lock up restrictions of the shares (based on an independent appraisal), the carrying value of the assets that were transferred to OTI and direct expenses (in an amount of $1,550,000) associated with the sale.
 
 The direct expenses included, inter alia, the fair value of 212,040 shares out of the shares received by us from OTI that were transferred to consultants, as a finder and legal fee, in connection with the transaction.
 
 In connection with the completion of the sale, during January 2007, a financial institution extended a $2,500,000 loan to us. In order to secure this loan we deposited our OTI shares in favor of the financial institution.  This loan was repaid in full during 2007.
 
 During 2007 and 2008, we sold 1,414,716 and 1,200,444 shares of OTI for a total consideration of $7,639,000 and $3,192,000, respectively.
 
 In January  2010, Vuance, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the sale of certain of its assets and certain of its liabilities related to our electronic access control market as well as our Government Services Division, pursuant to  certain agreements signed at that time.
 
 For additional information on the sale of these businesses please see Item 4.A under "History of the Company".
 
 On March 22, 2010, we entered into a Subscription Agreement with a private investor, Mr. Yitzchak Babayov (the “Investor”), pursuant to which at a March 23, 2010 closing we issued 1,538,461 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Transaction Shares”) in consideration of a one-time cash payment in the amount of $200,000.
 
 Concurrent with the issuance of the Transaction Shares, we entered into a Warrant Agreement with the Investor, pursuant to which the Investor received a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 553,846 of our ordinary shares at an exercise price of $0.15 per share. The Warrant has a term of five (5) years and contains standard adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassification and similar events.
 
 48
 
 During the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, our capital expenditures totaled approximately $4,000 (compared to $100,000 during 2009 and $73,000 during 2008), of which approximately $4,000 (compared to $7,000 during 2009 and $39,000 during 2008) was expended at or upon our facilities in Israel, and approximately $0 (compared to $93,000 during 2009 and $34,000 during 2008) was expended upon the various facilities of our subsidiaries outside of Israel. During the first financial quarter of 2011, our capital expenditures totaled approximately $2,000.
 
 Continuation of our current operations after utilizing our current cash reserves is dependent upon the generation of additional financial resources either through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities or other sources of financing or the sale of certain of our assets. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 C.
Research and Development
 
 Our past research and development efforts have helped us to achieve our goal of offering our customers a complete line of products and solutions. As of December 31, 2010 the number of employees in our research and development activities was 4. We focus on the new technology of our active RFID, and expect to maintain our current research and development efforts. We spent $1.7 million, $0.9 million and $0.4 million on research and development in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. These amounts were spent on the development or improvement of our technologies and products, primarily in the area of RFID. We will continue to research and develop our RFID technology and products. There can be no assurance that we can achieve any or all of our research and development goals.
 
 D.
Trend Information
 
 See – “Results of operations” in Item 5.A for additional information.
 
 Industry Trends
 
 The increased demand for better security systems and services has positively affected trends within the industry. Personnel and asset management are now leading security concerns in commercial and governmental enterprises. This has created an increasing demand for secure, precise and cost-effective means to positively identify, locate, track, monitor, count and protect people and objects, including inventory and vehicles.  Our RFID-enabled security solutions provide an optimal solution to these problems as our solutions reliably identify and track the movement of people and objects in real time enabling our customers to detect unauthorized movement of vehicles, trace packages and containers, control personnel and vehicle access to premises.
 
 Market and Operational Trends
 
 Our quarterly operations results may be subject to significant fluctuations due to several factors. Some of these factors are based primarily on the timing of large orders, which represent a significant percentage of our revenues, customer budget cycles and impact on the timing for buying decisions, as well as competitive pressures and the ability of our partners, distributors and system integrators to become effective in selling and marketing our products, as well as other factors.
 
 We expect to benefit from marketing programs and leads generated by partnerships, distributions and systems integration network, as well as sales opportunities identified by them. We intend to expand our marketing and implementation capacity through these third parties, including vendors of complementary products and providers of service applications. By employing third parties in the marketing and implementation process, we expect to enhance sales by taking advantage of their market presence.
 
 A significant portion of our 2010 revenues was derived from our governmental projects and the remainder was derived from commercial customers. Historically, our revenues have been concentrated in a few large orders and in a relatively small number of customers. We expect this trend to change and we expect that future revenues will come from larger number of orders and customers.
 
 For more information about our expectations regarding future cost of revenues, future operating expenses and liquidity and capital resources, please refer to the section captioned “Risk Factors” in Item 3.D., the sections captioned “Results of Operations” in Item 5.A and the section captioned “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 5.B.
 
 Our development and marketing efforts for the solution and product platforms are aimed at addressing several systems and service trends that we see developing in the industry.
 
 49
 
 In December 2006, we concluded the sale of our E-ID Division to OTI. The sale allowed management to focus primarily on the market opportunities we identified for our former CSMS and active RFID solutions. Following the events of September 11, 2001 and other major disasters it has become increasingly important for agencies to track personnel, assets, and other objects on a local positioning basis. Prior to January 2010, we offered our CSMS and RAPTOR solutions to fulfill critical homeland security requirements for public safety and emergency services agencies and local counter-terrorism task forces. In January 2010, we completed the sale of our Electronic Access Control business and our CSMS business to focus our sales and marketing efforts on our core competencies, active RFID technology and our PureRFid Suite.
 
 As of the date of this Annual Report, we expect that our 2011 revenues will be primarily derived from:
 
 ·
Smart ID technologies; and
 ·
Active RFID.
 
 Recent Developments and Outlook
 
 We expect revenues to continue to be derived from one-time sales and recurring fees, sales of high-end solutions, sales of products, consumables and technology. Sales are expected to continue through OEM partnerships and continual upgrades, maintenance and support will continue to be provided to customers. For more information see the section captioned “Recent Developments” in Item 4.
 
 E.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
 We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our current or future financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
 
 F.
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
 
 Contractual Obligations
 
 The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2010:
 
 Contractual Obligations

Total


Less than 1 year


1-3 years


3-5 years


More than 5 yearsLong-term debt obligations


--



--



--



--



--Capital (finance) lease obligations


--



--



--



--



--Operating lease obligations

$
350,000


$
166,000


$
128,000


$
56,000



--Purchase obligations

$
2,015,000


$
2,015,000



--



--



--Convertible bonds*

$
5,247,000


$
122,000


$
4,508,000


$
246,000


$
371,000Total contractual cash obligations

$
7,612,000


$
2,303,000


$
4,636,000


$
302,000


$
371,000
 
 Operating lease obligations represent commitments under several lease agreements for our facilities and the facilities of certain subsidiaries. Purchase obligations represent purchase orders to an account payable. Convertible bonds represent the amount due to the investors under the convertible bonds assuming there will no conversion to shares, which is described in Item 18, Note 13 to the financial statements included in this Annual Report. Total contractual cash obligations represent significant outstanding commitments for loans from banks, convertible bonds, purchase obligations and lease agreements for facilities. We are not a party to any capital leases.
 
 (*) As of December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with the terms and conditions of our Convertible Bonds, as amended. See Item 5.B, “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” regarding recent amendments to our agreements with the holders of the Convertible Bonds. As of the filing date of this Annual Report, however, we are not in compliance with the terms and conditions of our convertible bonds held by SSF. Despite of the contractual cash obligations related to our Convertible Bonds, should the Creditor Arrangement (see Item 4.A) be approved by the District Court in Israel 60% of these obligations shall be forgiven and 40% of these obligations shall be converted into equity and thus, in such event no cash outlay will be required with respect to this obligation. We intend to include the Convertible Bonds held by SSF within the Creditor Arrangement. The petition, however, is subject to final approval of the District Court, pending the resolution by the District Court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by SSF.
  
 50
 
 ITEM 6.    Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
 
 A.
Directors and Senior Management
 
 Board of Directors
 
 We are managed by our Board of Directors. Pursuant to our Articles of Association, the number of directors may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors, and unless otherwise determined, the number of directors comprising the Board of Directors will be between four and ten. Directors are elected for a one year term ending at the following annual general meeting of shareholders, except for our external directors, who are elected for three year terms in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law. However, if no directors are elected at an annual meeting, then the persons who served as directors immediately prior to the annual meeting shall be deemed re-elected at the same meeting. The General Meeting may resolve that a director be elected for a period longer than the time ending at the next annual meeting but not longer than that ending at the third next annual meeting. The Board of Directors elects one of its members to serve as the Chairman.
 
 The Board of Directors is composed as follows (as of the date of this Annual Report):
  Name

Age

PositionTsviya Trabelsi

53

Director, Chairman of the Board (1)Menachem Mirski

55

DirectorShimon Cohen

41

External Director (2)David Mimon

50

DirectorShlomo Benjamin

60

External Director (2)
 
 (1) In 2010 The Board of Directors has accepted the resignation of Mr. Eli Rozen from the Board of Directors, which resignation became effective on July 25, 2010. He was replaced as board chairman by Mrs. Tsviya  Trablesi
 (2) “External Director” as defined in the Israeli Companies Law.
  Tsviya Trabelsi has served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors since July 25, 2010.  Mrs. Trabelsi is a Certified Public Accountant with extensive financial management experience in Israel and the United States.  Mrs. Trabelsi is currently the CFO of Sigma Wave Ltd, a wireless and internet based company and a major shareholder of us and one of our convertible bonds holders, and also President and Director of Klikot Inc., an internet based company. Mrs. Trabelsi holds a BA in Economics and Accounting from the University of Tel-Aviv. Mrs. Trabelsi is the wife of our CEO and the sister of Mr. Mimon, one of our directors.
 
 Menachem Mirski has served as a Director on the Board of Directors and as a member of our audit committee since July 25, 2010. Mr. Mirski is the founder and a partner of Raz - El Ltd., a software and system development company in Israel.  He has more than 25 years of significant experience and expertise as a software developer and project manager for embedded real time systems, including RF-based systems. Mr. Mirski holds a Bachelor of Science in Computing and Electrical Engineering from Ben-Gurion University.
 
 David Mimon has served as a director on the Board of Directors since July 25, 2010. Mr. Mimon is an Israeli advocate and notary with extensive experience in providing legal representation and consulting services to individuals and companies in various areas of law. He is the owner of a legal practice with offices in Netanya and Haifa, Israel. Mr. Mimon holds a LLM from the University of Tel-Aviv. Mr. Mimon is also the brother of Mrs. Trabelsi, the chairman of our board of directors.
 
 Shimon Cohen, an external director, became a member of the Board of Directors on September 15, 2010. Mr. Cohen is a Certified Public Accountant with extensive accounting, tax and management experience in the Israeli Tax Authority. Mr. Cohen served until recently as the CEO of Hamal, a network of 90 educational institutions, a director of Mishan Ltd., a network of 9 quality senior living centers, a director of BAZAR Company Ltd., an asset management company, a director of Sport Club Ltd., a network of country clubs in Israel, and a director of Histadrut Fund. Mr. Cohen holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Accounting and a Master of Arts in Economics from the Ben-Gurion University.
 
 Shlomo Benjamin, an external director, became a member of the Board of Directors on September 17, 2009. Mr. Benjamin is a shareholder and managing director of 4BEST Consulting and Management Ltd., a company engaged in financial consulting to companies and businesses.  From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Benjamin was CFO of Globus Group Ltd. From 2002 to 2003, Mr. Benjamin was CEO of H. Aloni Enterprises Ltd. From 1992 to 2002, Mr. Benjamin was CFO and Deputy CEO of Ytong Industries Ltd. From 1987 to 1992, Mr. Benjamin was Finance and Administration Manager in the Azorim group.  From 1981 to 1987, Mr. Benjamin served in several executive positions at the Tadiran Group, including as Deputy CEO of T.F.L Ltd. and Chief Accountant of Tadiran Communications Ltd. From 1977 to 1981, Mr. Benjamin was a “Senior” at Braude & Co. accounting firm. Mr. Benjamin is an authorized accountant in Israel and holds a first degree in economics and accounting from the Tel Aviv University.
 
 51
 
 Executive Officers and Key Employees
 
 As of the date of this Annual Report, our executive officers and certain key employees who are not also directors are:
 
 Name

Age

PositionArie Trablelsi

53

Chief Executive OfficerKevin Michael

49

Vice President of MarketingMickey Ben Harush

34

Chief Financial OfficerIsrael Kalman

59

Chief Technology OfficerBrenda Gebhardt

47

President and Chief Operations Officer of Purerfid Inc.
 Arie Trabelsi, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Trabelsi, formerly a director on our board of directors appointed to represent shareholder Sigma Wave Ltd., resigned from his position as a director, and was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer, effective October 28, 2010.  Mr. Trabelsi replaces former Chief Executive Officer, Ron Peer. Mr. Trabelsi has over 28 years of experience in the global wireless, internet and communication industries. Prior to joining us, Mr. Trabelsi led Sigma Wave Ltd. and Sigma Wave Inc., providers of innovative internet and wireless technologies & solutions. Mr. Trabelsi is the chairman of the board of directors of Sigma Wave Ltd.. Mr. Trabelsi holds Bsc in Electrical and Computer engineering from the Ben Gurion University, Israel and Msc in Electrical and Computer engineering from Drexel University, USA. Mr. Trabelsi is also the husband of Mrs. Tsviya Trabelsi, our chairman of the board of directors.
  Kevin Michael, Vice President of Marketing (formally, Vice President of Operations and President of PureRFid Inc.). With over 15 years of experience in the private sector, Mr. Michael has managed projects at EMC2, Intel, and National Semiconductors. Mr. Michael has extensive experience in operations and sales including the integration of RFID technologies and facility management applications to control space and assets.
 
 Brenda Gebhardt, PureRFid, Inc. - President and Chief Operations Officer. With over 15 years of experience in the fire and security industry, Ms. Gehhardt has managed projects at Vuance Inc., ADT and Cintas. She has experience in operations including the integration of RFID technologies and facility management applications to control space and assets. Ms. Gehhardt holds a diploma in nursing.
 
 Israel Kakman, Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Kalman has over 30 years in the Israeli Hi-Tech industry accumulating successful and intensive experience in researching, developing and implementing state-of-the-art wireless and RFID solutions and products. After serving five years in the IDF Signal Corps as a radio communication systems engineer, Mr. Kakman joined Tadiran Ltd. where he served for over two decades in various key positions, most recently as Vice President of Business Development and Transportation Management Systems, at Tadiran Telematics Ltd. Since 2002, Israel Kalman has been fully dedicated to developing and promoting RFID products and their implementation. Mr. Kalman has served as our Chief Technology Officer since October 2008. Mr. Kalman holds BSc EE from Ben-Gurion University, Israel.
 
 Mickey Ben Harush, Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us in 2010, Mr. Ben Harush served for four years as the Finance Controller of Elbit Vision Systems Ltd. (OTCBB:EVSNF.OB). Mr. Ben Harush began his financial career at KPMG Israel in 2003, where he served as a Senior Auditor.  Mr. Ben Harush holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Accounting from the Haifa University, Israel and a Master of Business Administration from the Tel Aviv University, Israel and is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel.
  B.
Compensation
 
 The aggregate amount of compensation paid by us to our board members, our former Chief Executive Officers, our former Vice President of Operations, our Deputy CEO, Marketing, Technology and Finance, President and Chief Operating Officer of Purerfid Inc. (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”) as a group for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 was approximately $577. This sum includes amounts paid for salary and social benefit. In addition, we have provided automobiles to our certain executive officers at our expense.
 
 In accordance with the requirements of Israeli law, we determine our directors’ compensation in the following manner. First, our audit committee reviews the proposal for compensation; second, provided that the audit committee approves the proposed compensation, the proposal is then submitted to our Board of Directors for review, except that a director who is the beneficiary of the proposed compensation does not participate in any discussion or voting with respect to such proposal; and finally, if our Board of Directors approves the proposal, it must then submit its recommendation to our shareholders, which is done in the forum of our shareholders’ general meeting. The approval of a majority of the votes cast by our shareholders is required for any such compensation proposal.
 
 52
 
 As of the date of this annual report the monthly fee of a director is $1,500 and the monthly fee of an external director is approximately $650 plus approximately $500 for every board or audit committee meeting. For more information on the compensation of the Chairman of the Board See Item 7.B under Related Party Transactions.
 
 As of December 31, 2010, we had set aside approximately $11 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for our named executive officers.
 
 Option/SAR Grants during the Year Ended December 31, 2010
  During the twelve months ended December 31, 2010, we did not grant options to purchase ordinary shares under our Option Plan.
  As part of the creditors arrangement (see also Item 4.A), certain named executive officers agreed to a partial forgiveness of the debts due to them under the former consulting agreements accrued from October 1, 2009 until July 8, 2010 which total amount was $245,000 and agreed to repayment in 1,083,071 warrants to purchase our ordinary shares as consideration for the entire debts due at an exercise price of $0.00, all expires on December 31, 2012.
 
 During the twelve months ended December 31, 2009, we granted options to purchase 564,655 ordinary shares under our Option Plan  to 7 of our then executive officers at an exercise price of $0.015. All options will expire in 2019.
 
 During 2009, according to the board resolution on October 27, 2008 and the special general meeting of our shareholders dated December 21, 2008, we granted to (a) the Chairman of our Board of Directors, (b) a member of our Board of Directors who is also one of the co-founders, (c) one of our co-founders, and (d) another member of our Board of Directors, options to purchase up to 256,456, 179,966, 126,944 and 42,121 shares, respectively. The options have an exercise price of 0.0582235 NIS, vesting immediately and will expire after ten years. The options were granted as compensation for three months of service in exchange for waiving their right to receive cash payments for such months, according to their agreement with us. In addition (a) all options held by the Participants on October 27, 2008 shall be re-priced so that the exercise price thereof shall be $1.1 (the closing price of the Ordinary Share on said date), and (b) all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013 shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.
 
 During the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, we granted options to purchase 23,000 ordinary shares under our Option Plan to two of our then executive officers at an exercise price of $1.88. All options will expire in 2018.
 
 In September 2008, the Board of Directors approved a re-pricing of options for three executive officers for 149,600 options, which had exercise prices ranging between $2.47 and $14.8235.  The re-pricing changed the exercise price of the options to $1.86. The incremental compensation cost at the date of the modification was $66,000, of which $59,000 was recognized during 2008.
 
 Please refer to the Section captioned “Share Option Plan” under Item 6.E below for a description of our Share Options Plan.
  53
 
  C.
Board Practices
 
 Our Board of Directors and senior management consider good corporate governance to be central to our effective and efficient operations. The following table lists our directors, the positions they hold with us and the dates the directors were first elected or appointed:
 
 Name

Position

Period Served in Office

Date of Expiration of Current Term (if applicable)Tsviya Trabelsi

Director

Chairman of the Board

July 25, 2010 – present(*)

Next annual general meetingShimon Cohen

External Director

September 15, 2010 - present

September 15, 2013Shlomo Benjamin

External Director

September 17, 2009 – present

September 17, 2012David Mimon

Director

July 25, 2010 – present

Next annual general meetingMenachem Mirski

Director

July 25, 2010 – present

Next annual general meeting
 
 (*) In 2010, the Board of Directors has accepted the resignation of Mr. Eli Rozen from the Board of Directors, which resignation became effective on July 25, 2010.  He was replaced as board chairman by Mrs. Tsviya Trablesi.
  Our Articles of Association provide that the number of directors may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors, and unless otherwise determined, the number of directors comprising the Board of Directors will be between four and ten. The Board of Directors is presently comprised of five members, two of whom were elected as external directors under the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law (discussed below). Our Articles of Association provide further that the majority of the directors appointed to the Board of Directors will be independent directors. Mr. Benjamin, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Mirski satisfy the applicable requirements for independence under our Articles of Association.
 
 All directors hold office until their successors are elected at the next annual general meeting of shareholders, except for our external directors Shlomo Benjamin, who shall hold office until September 2012, and Mr. Cohen, who shall hold office until September 2013.
 
 Under the Israeli Companies Law and the regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, Israeli public companies, namely companies whose shares have been offered to the public or are publicly traded, are required to appoint at least two natural persons as “external directors”. A person may not be appointed as an external director if the person, or a relative, partner or employer of the person, or any entity under the person’s control, has or had, on or within the two years preceding the date of the person’s appointment to serve as an external director, any affiliation with the company to whose board the external director is proposed to be appointed; with the controlling shareholder of such company or with any entity controlling or controlled by such company or by the controlling shareholder of such company. The term “affiliation” includes an employment relationship, a business or professional relationship maintained on a regular basis, control and service as an office holder (which term includes a director).
 
 Pursuant to a recent amendment to the Companies Law, which came into effect on May 14, 2011, (the "Amendment Date"), as of the Amendment Date:
 
 ·
the scope of persons who may not be appointed as external directors will be expanded to also include relatives of the controlling shareholder, and if the company does not have a controlling shareholder or a shareholder who holds company shares entitling him to vote at least 25% of the votes in a shareholders meeting, no person may be appointed as an external director if the person or the person’s relative, partner, employer or any entity under the person’s control, has or had, on or within the two years preceding the date of the person’s appointment to serve as external director, any affiliation on the date of the person's appointment with the Chairman of the Board, chief executive officer, substantial shareholder or chief financial officer.
 
 ·
No person may serve as an external director if the person, the person’s relative, spouse, employer or any entity controlling or controlled by the person, has a business or professional relationship with someone with whom affiliation is prohibited, even if such relationship is not maintained on a regular basis, except negligible relationships.
 
 ·
A public company, entity controlling or entity under common control with the company may not grant an external director, his spouse or child, any benefit, and may not appoint him, his spouse or child, to serve as an officer of the company or of an entity under common control with the company , may not employ or receive professional services in consideration from him or an entity controlled by him unless two years have passed as of the end of service as external director in the company, and regarding a relative who is not a spouse or child – one year as of the end of service as external director.
 
 In addition, no person may serve as an external director if the person’s position or other business activities create, or may create, a conflict of interest with the person’s responsibilities as an external director or interfere with the person’s ability to serve as an external director or if the person is an employee of the Israel Securities Authority or of an Israeli stock exchange. If, at the time of election of an external director, all other directors are of the same gender, the external director to be elected must be of the other gender. Following the Amendment Date, if, at the time external directors are to be appointed, all current members of the board of directors who are not controlling shareholders or relatives of such shareholders are of the same gender, then at least one external director must be of the other gender.
 
 54
 
 Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, at least one of the external directors, as well as a number of the non-external directors to be determined by the Board of Directors, are required to have “accounting and financial expertise” and the other external directors are required to have “professional skills,” as such terms are defined in regulations recently promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law.
 
 Each committee of a company’s Board of Directors that has the authority to exercise powers of the Board of Directors is required to include at least one external director and its audit committee must include all external directors.
 
 Following the Amendment Date, external directors are elected at the general meeting of shareholders by a simple majority, provided that the majority includes at least one-half of the shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and disinterested parties, who are present and voting, or that the non-controlling shareholders and disinterested parties who vote against the election hold two percent or less of the voting power of the company.
 
 On September 6, 2009 our general meeting appointed Mr. Benjamin as an External Director. In addition, Mr. Benjamin has been appointed to the audit committee. Mr. Cohen was appointed as an External Director pursuant to our general meeting, effective as of September 15, 2010. Mr. Cohen has also been appointed to the audit committee.
 
 Under the Israeli Companies Law, the initial term of an external director is three years and, and may be extended for an additional three year term (and, following the Amendment Date, up to two additional three year terms unless otherwise restricted in the articles of association to one additional term), subject to certain conditions (which following the Amendment Date will also depend on whether the external director was nominated by the board of directors or by the shareholders). An external director cannot be dismissed from office unless: (i) the Board of Directors determines that the external director no longer meets the statutory requirements for holding the office, or that the external director has breached the external director’s fiduciary duties, and the shareholders vote, by the same majority required for the appointment, to remove the external director after the external director has been given the opportunity to present his or her position; (ii) a court determines, upon a request of a director or a shareholder, that the external director no longer meets the statutory requirements of an external director or that the external director has breached his or her fiduciary duties to the company; or (iii) a court determines, upon a request of the company or a director, shareholder or creditor of the company, that the external director is unable to fulfill his or her duty or has been convicted of specified crimes.
 
 Each committee of a company’s board of directors must include at least one external director. We have the following committees:
 
 Audit Committee
 
 The Israeli Companies Law requires public companies to appoint an audit committee. The responsibilities of the audit committee include identifying irregularities in the management of the company’s business and approving related party transactions as required by law,  and following the Amendment Date, the responsibilities of the audit committee shall also include approving the terms of compensation of company officers, classifying company transactions as extraordinary transactions or non-extraordinary transactions and as material or non-material transactions in which an officer has an interest (which will have the effect of determining the kind of corporate approvals required for such transaction), assessing the proper function of the company’s internal audit regime and determining whether its internal auditor has the requisite tools and resources required to perform his role and to regulate the companies rules on employee complaints, reviewing the scope of work of the company’s independent accountants and their fees, and implementing a whistleblower protection plan with respect to employee complaints of business irregularities. An audit committee must be comprised of at least three directors, including all of the external directors, and pursuant to the recent amendment to the Companies Law, subsequent to September 15, 2011, a majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent or external directors.
 
 Following the Amendment Date the Companies Law now defines independent directors as either external directors or directors who: (1) meet the requirements of an external director, other than the requirement to possess accounting and financial expertise or professional qualifications, with Audit Committee confirmation of such; (2) have been directors in the company for an uninterrupted duration of less than 9 years (and any interim period during which such person was not a director which is less than 2 years shall not be deemed to interrupt the duration); and, (3) were classified as such by the company.
 
 The Israeli Companies Law further stipulates that the chairman of the Board of Directors of a public company, any director employed by or providing other services on a regular basis to the company and the controlling shareholder or any relative of the controlling shareholder of such company may not be members of the audit committee of the company and subsequent to September 15, 2011, any director who derives his salary primarily from a controlling shareholder may also not be a member if the audit committee.
 
 55
 
 Subsequent to September 15, 2011: (1) the chairman of the audit committee must be an external director , (2) all audit committee decisions must be made by a majority of the committee members, of which  the majority of members present are independent and external directors, and (3) any person who is not eligible to serve on the audit committee is further restricted from participating in its meetings and votes, unless the chairman of the audit committee determines that such person’s presence is necessary in order to present a certain matter, provided however, that company employees who are not controlling shareholders or relatives of such shareholders may be present in the meetings but not in the actual votes and likewise, company counsel and secretary who are not controlling shareholders or relatives of such shareholders may be present in meetings and decisions if such presence is requested by the audit committee.
 
 In 2007 the Audit Committee adopted an audit committee charter which regulates its operations. According to our Audit Committee charter, the objective of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board of Directors’ oversight of the Company’s accounting practices; the integrity of the Company’s financial statements; the Company’s accounting and financial reporting processes; the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the independent auditors’ qualifications, independence, and performance; audits of the Company’s financial statements and the internal audit function, and to locate deficiencies in the business management of the Company, among other things, in consultation with the Company’s independent auditors and internal auditors, and to suggest to the Board of Directors the measures to be taken regarding such deficiencies. Mr. Benjamin, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Mirski are the members of the Audit Committee.
 
 Compensation (Remuneration) Committee
 
 We have a compensation committee (the “Compensation Committee”). In 2007, the Compensation Committee adopted a Compensation Committee charter, which regulates its operations. According to the Compensation Committee charter it is responsible for determining the compensation (including salaries, bonuses and equity incentive compensation awards) of executive officers, including the Chief Executive Officer, other senior management and members of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee is currently comprised of Mr. Benjamin, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Mirski.
 
 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter
 
 On May 15, 2007, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become board members, consistent with criteria approved by the Board of Directors, and recommending that the Board of Directors select the director nominees for election at the general meeting of shareholders. The Committee is also responsible for developing and recommending to the Board of Directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, periodically reviewing such guidelines, recommending any changes thereto, and overseeing the evaluation of the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is currently comprised of Ms. Trabelsi, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Mirski.
 
 Management Employment Agreements
 
 We maintain written employment agreements with substantially all of our key employees. These agreements provide, among other matters, for monthly salaries, our contributions to Managers’ Insurance, an Education Fund and severance benefits. All of our agreements with our key employees are subject to termination by either party upon the delivery of notice of termination as provided therein.
 
 Internal Auditor
 
 Under the Israeli Companies Law, the Board of Directors must appoint an internal auditor, proposed by the Audit Committee. The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other matters, whether the company’s activities comply with the law and orderly business procedure. Under the Israeli Companies Law, the internal auditor may be an employee of the company but may not be an interested party or office holder, or a relative of any interested party or office holder, and may not be a member of the company’s independent accounting firm, or its representative. Prior to June 2010, the office of Chaikin Cohen Rubin & Co. served as our internal auditor in accordance with the requirements of the Israeli Companies Law. On June 27, 2010 we received a resignation letter from Chaikin Cohen Rubin & Co., indicating their resignation due to time restraints. We are currently seeking an internal auditor to replace Chaikin Cohen Rubin & Co.
 
 56
  D.
Employees
 
 As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we had 17, 37 and 52 full-time employees, respectively (not including service providers). The following table describes our employees and the employees of our subsidiaries by department.
 
 Dec. 31,

2008


Dec. 31,

2009


Dec. 31,

2010Research, Development & Manufacturing


21



20



9Marketing and Sales


20



11



3Administration


11



6



5Total


52



37



17
 
 57
 
 Over the past three years, the number of our employees by geographic area was as follows:
 
 Dec. 31,

2008


Dec. 31,

2009


Dec. 31,

2010Israel


16



14



11United states


30



23



6Rest of the world


6



-



-Total


52



37



17
 
 From time to time, we have engaged temporary employees to fill open positions. These temporary employees, however, historically have not comprised a material number of our employees.
 
 Vuance’s Israeli employees are not part of a collective bargaining agreement. However, in Israel we are subject to certain labor statutes and national labor court precedent rulings, as well as to certain provisions of collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut,  which is the General Federation of Labor in Israel, and the Coordinating Bureau of Economic Organizations, including the Industrialists’ Association. These provisions of collective bargaining agreements are applicable to our employees by virtue of expansion orders issued in accordance with relevant labor laws by the Israeli Ministry of Labor and Welfare and which apply such agreement provisions to our employees even though they are not directly part of a union that has signed a collective bargaining agreement.
 
 The labor statutes and labor court rulings that apply to our employees principally concern the minimum wage laws , procedures for dismissing employees, determination of severance pay, leaves of absence (such as annual vacation or maternity leave), sick pay and other conditions for employment. The expansion orders which apply to our employees principally concern the requirement for mandatory pension schemes, transportation allowance, annual recreation allowance, the lengths of the workday and workweek, and periodic automatic adjustment of wages relative to increases in the Consumer Price Index in Israel. We provide our employees with benefits and working conditions that comply with the required minimums.
 
 Generally, all nonexempt adult male citizens and permanent residents of Israel, under the age of 40, or older for reserves officers or citizens with certain occupations, as well as certain female adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel, are obligated to perform annual military reserve duty and are subject to being called for active duty at any time under emergency circumstances. Some of our officers and employees are obligated to perform annual reserve duty. While we have operated effectively under these requirements since we began operations, no assessment can be made as to the full impact of such requirements on our workforce or business if conditions should change, and no prediction can be made as to the effect on us of any expansion of such obligations.
 
 Our employees have entered into confidentiality agreements. We have also granted certain employees options to purchase shares of our ordinary shares under our option plan. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and we have never experienced a strike or work stoppage.
 
 E.
Share Ownership
 
 The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares by our directors and named executive officers as of May 31, 2011. As of that date, we had 7,280,821 ordinary shares outstanding, and securities exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
  Name
Ordinary Shares held directly and beneficially
% of Outstanding Ordinary Shares as of May 31, 2011
Number of outstanding convertible securities
Exercise price
Expiration dateEli Rozen
1,458,919(1)
17.52%
194,817

51,000

51,000

49,311

113,943

93,202

493,334
1.1

1.1

1.1

0.015

0.015

0.015

0.00
October 27, 2013

January 11, 2015

January 19, 2017

January 1, 2019

June 30, 2019

September 30, 2019

December 31, 2012Avi Landman
963,328(2)
12.28%
8,500

8,500

20,400

34,702

79,673

65,591

347,182
1.1

1.1

1.1

0.015

0.015

0.015

0.00
October 27, 2013

January 11, 2015

January 19, 2017

January 1, 2019

June 30, 2019

September 30, 2019

December 31, 2012Ron Peer
138,680(3)
1.90%
-
-
-Eyal Tuchman
164,530(4)
2.21%
5,100

12,750

25,500

21,250

51,000

43,980
1.86

1.86

1.86

1.86

1.86

0.015
June 19, 2012

March 28, 2014

November 7, 2014

October 4, 2014

May 29, 2016

March 12, 2019Tsviya Trabelsi.(5)
2,186,903(6)
26.48%
159,375

817,555
0.40

3.00
November 15, 2011

No later than repayment of the debt under the Sigma Convertible BondDirectors and Named Executive Officers as a

Group (8 persons)(8)
4,143,510(7)
41.14%
2,789,907
0.015 – 5
April 2012 – September 2019 and

no later than repayment of the debt under the Sigma Convertible Bond
 
 58
 
 (1) Includes (a) 412,312 shares held directly by Eli Rozen, (b) options to purchase 553,273 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011, of which 376,462 options to purchase ordinary shares are held by Finel Architecture and Engineering Ltd., a company owned solely by Mr. Rozen (“Finel”) and (c) warrants to purchase 493,334 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 
 (2) Includes (a) 398,780 ordinary shares held by Avi Landman, of which 85,000 shares are held by Ashland Investments LLC, a limited liability company solely owned by Mr. Landman (“Ashland”), (b) options to purchase 217,366 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011 and (c) warrants to purchase 347,182 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 
 (3) Includes (a) 138,680 shares held directly by Ron Peer.
 
 (4) Includes (a) 4,950 shares held directly by Eyal Tuchman, and (b) options to purchase 159,580 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 
 (5) Mrs. Tsviya Trabelsi controls Sigma Wave Ltd. or Sigma, and may be deemed to have a beneficial interest the holdings of Sigma. Mrs. Trabelsi is also the wife of Mr. Arie Trabelsi who may also be deemed to have such a beneficial interest by virtue of the marriage.
 
 (6) Includes warrants to purchase 159,375 ordinary shares and a convertible bond which may be converted into 817,555 ordinary shares, both of which are immediately exercisable/convertible, or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011. Also includes 412,312 outstanding ordinary shares held by Mr. Eli Rozen and 398,780 outstanding ordinary shares held by Mr. Avi Landman who are parties to a voting agreement with Sigma, which holds 398,881 ordinary shares, dated July 2010, pursuant to which Messrs. Rozen and Landman shall vote their shares in accordance with the instructions of Sigma.
 
 (7) Includes options to purchase 972,461 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable, warrants to purchase 999,891 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable and convertible bonds which may be converted into 817,555 ordinary shares.
 
 (8) See notes 1 to 5. Each of the directors and executive officers not separately identified in the above table beneficially owns less than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares (including options held by each such party, and which are exercisable) and has therefore not been separately disclosed.
 
 All of our ordinary shares have identical voting rights.
 
 59
 
 Share Option Plans
 
 In 2003, we adopted a new stock option plan under which we now issue stock options (the “Option Plan”). The Option Plan is intended to provide incentives to our employees, officers, directors and/or consultants by providing them with the opportunity to purchase our ordinary shares. The Option Plan is subject to the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, administered by the Compensation Committee, and is designed: (i) to comply with Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance or any provision which may amend or replace it and the rules promulgated thereunder and to enable us and grantees thereunder to benefit from Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance and the Commissioner’s Rules; and (ii) to enable us to grant options and issue shares outside the context of Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance. Options granted under the Option Plan will become exercisable ratably over a period of three to five years or immediately in certain circumstances, commencing with the date of grant. The options generally expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant. Any options, which are forfeited or canceled before expiration, become available for future grants. As of December 31, 2010, 40,161,339 ordinary shares are available for future grants of options, warrants, shares and other financial instruments.
 
 As a result of an amendment to Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance as part of the 2003 Israeli tax reform, and pursuant to an election made by us thereunder, capital gains derived by optionees arising from the sale of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of options granted to them under Section 102 after January 1, 2003 will generally be subject to a flat capital gains tax rate of 25%. However, as a result of this election, we will no longer be allowed to claim as an expense for tax purposes the amounts credited to such employees as a benefit when the related capital gains tax is payable by them, as we had previously been entitled to do under Section 102. For certain information as to the Israeli tax reform, see “Taxation.” In Item 10.
  During 2008, the Board of Directors approved grants of options as follows:
 
 Number of options granted

Exercise price2,000

3.3843,000

1.88
 
 In addition, in September 2008, the Board of Directors approved a re-pricing of options for three executive officers for a total of 149,600 options, which had exercise prices ranging from $2.47 to $14.8235. The re-pricing changed the exercise price of the options to $1.86. The incremental compensation cost at the date of the modification was $66,000 of which $59,000 was recognized during 2008 and the remaining during 2009.
  In December, 2008, according the Special General Meeting, 20,400 options held by a director, with an exercise price of $5, were re-priced to an exercise price of $1.1 and it was decided that all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013 shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013. The Special General Meeting approved also the re-pricing and the extension (if applicable) of 334,217 options held by related parties. The total incremental compensation cost at the date of the modification amounted to $44,000 and was recognized as expense since all of the options were fully vested.
 
 On January 9, 2009, according to the board resolution on October 27, 2008 and the Special General Meeting dated December 21, 2008, we granted to: a) Chairman of the Board of Directors; b) a member of our Board of Directors who is also one of the co-founders; c) one of our co-founders d) another member of our Board of Directors options to purchase up to: 256,456, 179,966, 126,944 and 42,121 of our shares, respectively. The options (the fair value of which was estimated to $266,000) have an exercise price of NIS 0.0582235 per share, vest immediately and expire after ten years. The options were granted as a partial payment for certain liabilities with respect to the terms of their appointment with us.
 
 On March 12, 2009, we granted options to purchase up to 161,718 shares to several employees and ex-employees as compensation for waiving part of their salary. The options (the fair value of which was estimated to $67,000) have an exercise price of NIS 0.0582235, vested immediately and will expire after ten years.
 
 During 2010 no options were granted.
 
 60
 
 A summary of our stock option activity and related information is as follows:
 
 Year ended December 312008


2009


2010Number of options


Weighted average exercise price


Number of options


Weighted average exercise price


Number of options


Weighted average exercise price(*)Outstanding at beginning

of year


1,076,756


$
4.43



981,462


$
2.55
(*)


1,489,176


$
1.34Granted


45,000


$
1.95



767,205


$
0.015



-



-Exercised


(27,032
)

$
0.32



(93,056
)

$
0.015



(11,007
)

$
0.016Canceled and forfeited


(113,262
)

$
6.17



(166,435
)

$
3.30



(73,950
)

$
3.52Outstanding at end of year


981,462


$
2.55
(*)


1,489,176


$
1.34
(*)


1,404,219


$
1.23Exercisable at end of year


663,021


$
2.51
(*)


1,413,027


$
1.26
(*)


1,404,219


$
1.23
 
 (*)
The weighted average exercise price is after the re-pricing made during 2008, as mentioned above.



The weighted average fair value of options granted during the reported periods was $0.88 and $0.43, per option, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009, respectively. In 2010 no options granted.



The fair value of these options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black & Scholes option pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the 2008, 2009 grants: risk-free rate of 4.24% and 0.75%, respectively, dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility factor of 52.29% and 193.27%, respectively and expected term of 4 and 2.08 years, respectively. In 2009, the fair value of 125,142 options was calculated using the Black & Scholes option pricing model. For all other options granted in 2009, the fair value of the options issued (as a partial payment of payroll liability) was based on the fair value of the shares on the date of the related payroll, which equals the related payroll liability, since the exercise price was close to nil.



The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of our stock. The expected term was based on the historical experience and based on management estimate.



We recognized compensation expenses related to share-based employee compensation awards of $856,000, $483,000 and $14,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
  The following table summarizes the allocation of the stock-based compensation charge in thousands of US dollars:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Cost of revenues

$
16


$
7


$
3Research and development expenses


353



226



2Selling and marketing expenses


151



43



3General and administrative expenses


336



207



6$
856


$
483


$
14
 
 The options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2010, have been separated into ranges of exercise prices as follows:
  Range of

exercise price


Options outstanding and exercisable

as of

December 31, 2010


Weighted average

remaining

contractual life (years)


Weighted average

exercise price


Aggregate intrinsic value$0.01 - $ 0.06



720,826



7.87


$
0.02


$
38,000$1.10 - $ 1.88



476,817



3.68


$
1.32



-$2.47 - $ 3.38



31,076



2.17


$
2.99



-$4.12 - $ 4.90



90,400



3.77


$
4.37



-$5.00 - $ 5.24



68,100



2.90


$
5.07



-$14.82



17,000



1.25


$
14.82



-1,404,219






$
1.23
 
 61
 
 The aggregate intrinsic value of the above table represents the total intrinsic value, based on our stock price of $0.07 as of December 31, 2010, less the weighted average exercise price per range. This represents the potential amount received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date.
  The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 was $53,000, $36,000 and $1,000, respectively, based on our average stock price of $2.26, $0.4 and $0.14, during the years ended on those dates respectively.
  A summary of the status of our non-vested options granted to employees as of December 31, 2010 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented below:
  Options


Weighted–average grant-date fair valueNon-vested at January 1, 2010


76,149


$
1.15Granted


-



-Vested (including cancelled and exercised)


(67,148
)

$
1.10Forfeited


(9,001
)

$
1.64Non-vested at December 31, 2010


-



-
 
 As of December 31, 2010, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock option plans.
 
 ITEM 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.
 
 A.
Major shareholders
 
 The following table lists the beneficial ownership of our securities as of May 31, 2011 by each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of our securities.
 
 Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. The principal address of our Beneficial Owners listed below (other than Sigma and Homeland Security Capital Corporation, or HSCC) is c/o Vuance Ltd., Sagid House “Hasharon Industrial Park” P.O.B 5039, Qadima 60920 Israel. We believe that all persons named in the table, except HSCC, Mr. Rozen, Mr. Landman, and Sigma have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. All figures include ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of convertible bonds, options and warrants exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011, and deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those bonds, options or warrants for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. None of the following major shareholders have different voting rights from the other holders of our ordinary shares
 
 Name of Beneficial Owner

Number of SharesBeneficially Owned


Percentage of SharesOutstandingSigma Waves Ltd. (1)


2,186,903



26.48
%Avi Landman (2)


963,328



12.28
%Eli Rozen (3)


1,458,919



17.52
%Jack Hassan (4)


768,380



10.04
%Homeland Security Capital Corporation (5)


692,660



9.51
%Yitzchak Babayov (6)


1,773,426



22.41
%
 
 (1)
Sigma Wave Ltd. or Sigma is controlled by our chairman of the Board, Mrs. Tsviya Trabelsi, who is also the wife of our chief executive officer Mr. Arie Trabelsi. Includes warrants to purchase 159,375 ordinary shares and a convertible bond which may be converted into 817,555 ordinary shares, both of which are immediately exercisable/convertible or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011. Also includes 412,312 outstanding ordinary shares held by Mr. Eli Rozen and 398,780 outstanding ordinary shares held by Mr. Avi Landman who are parties to a voting agreement with Sigma, which holds 398,881 ordinary shares, dated July 2010, pursuant to which Messrs. Rozen and Landman shall vote their shares in accordance with the instructions of Sigma.
 (2)
Includes (a) 398,780 ordinary shares held by Avi Landman, of which 85,000 shares are held by Ashland, (b) options to purchase 217,366 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011, and (c) warrants to purchase 347,182 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
  62
  (3)
Includes (a) 412,312 shares held directly by Eli Rozen, (b) options to purchase 553,273 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011, of which 376,462 options to purchase ordinary shares are held by Finel, and (c) warrants to purchase 493,334 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 (4)
Includes (a) 398,881 ordinary shares, (b) options to purchase 126,944 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011, and (c) warrants to purchase 242,555 ordinary shares which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 (5)
HSCC granted an irrevocable power of attorney to our Chairman of the Board of Directors to exercise all voting rights related to its Vuance Shares until the sale or transfer of such Vuance Shares by HMSC to an unaffiliated third party in an arm’s-length transaction.
 (6)
Includes (a) 1,139,580 ordinary shares held by Yitzchak Babayov, and (b) warrants to purchase 633,846 ordinary shares, which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2011.
 
 To the best of our knowledge based on the information known to us, there has not been any significant change in the percentage ownership of our major shareholders during the last three years other than the assignment of the BH Convertible Bonds in August 2010, the shares issued to Mr. Yitzchak Babayov in March 2010 and Mr. Babayov’s subsequent transfer of the beneficial ownership of his 398,881shares to Mr. Jack Hassan, and the sale of our 641,291 shares held by Special Situation Funds in January 2011.
 
 As of April 30, 2011, to the best of our knowledge based on the information available to us, we had in the United States approximately 23 registered holders of our ordinary shares, representing 67% of our total ordinary shares registered at that date.
 
 Should the Creditor Arrangement be approved by the District Court in Israel, Sigma, which, prior to its acquisition of Convertible Bond from BH (for more information on the convertible bond see Item5.B), held 5.48% of our issued and outstanding share capital, and controlled via voting agreements an additional 11.14% of our issued and outstanding share capital, would become our controlling shareholder. The voting agreements with Sigma will be terminated upon completion of the Creditor Arrangement.
 
 To the best of our knowledge based on the information currently available to us, other than our petition to the District Court in Israel for the Creditor Arrangement, which as of the date of this Annual Report is still pending the final approval of the District Court, there are no existing arrangements that may at a future date result in a change of control of Vuance.
 
 B.
Related Party Transactions
 
 It is our policy to enter into transactions with related parties on terms that, on the whole, are no less favorable than those that would be available from unaffiliated parties. Based on our experience in the business segments in which we operate and the terms of our transactions with unaffiliated third parties, we believe that all of the transactions described below met our policy standards at the time they occurred.
 
 On October 1, 2001, we entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by the former Chairman of our Board of Directors who was one of our co-founders. In consideration of these consulting services, we have undertaken to pay $10,500 per month plus motor vehicle expenses. In addition, we were required to pay $1,500 per month as a director’s fee. (Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see Note 15d, in the financial reports and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010, see Note 15e in the financial reports)
 
 In December, 2008, according the Special General Meeting (see note 15d in the financial reports), 296,817 options with an exercise price between the range of $2.4706 to $5 were re-priced to $1.1 and all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013, shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.
 
 On July 8, 2010, the Board of Directors accepted the resignation from the board of directors of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, effective July 25, 2010. We recorded during 2010 an expense of $75,000 related to the former consulting agreement. In addition, on July 8, 2010, we entered into a Services Agreement with the former Chairman of the Board of Directors and one of our major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide us with ongoing consulting services as may be reasonably required by us, for a consideration of 2% of our gross receipts from a major customer and reimbursement of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider.
  During 2010, we recorded an expense of $83,000 in accordance with the above noted Services Agreement.
 
 63
  On October 1, 2001, we entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by a former member of our Board of Directors, who was also one of our co-founders and a principal shareholder. On January 13 2005, the General Shareholders Meeting approved the following amendments to the consulting agreement:
 
 ·
As of the date of the approval of the General Shareholders Meeting, the consideration shall be to an amount of $7,000 per month.
 ·
Upon the termination of the car lease agreement, to increase the car lease, to a price of up to NIS 4,200 (approximately $ 1,200 as of December 31, 2010), (excluding tax) per month.
 
 In addition, we were required to pay $1,500 per month as a director’s fee. (Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see Note 15d, in the financial reports and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010 see Note 15e in the financial reports)
 
 In December, 2008, according the Special General Meeting (see note 15d in the financial reports), 37,400 options with an exercise price between the range of $2.4706 to $5 were re-priced to $1.1 and all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013 shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.
 
 On July 8, 2010, the Board of Directors accepted the resignation from the board of directors of the member of our Board of Directors, effective immediately. We recorded during 2010 an expense of $53,000 related to the former consulting agreement. In addition, on July 8, 2010, we entered into a Services Agreement with the former member of the Board of Directors and one of our major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide us with management services with respect to our certain project for a consideration of (i) a monthly fee of $3,000, (ii) reimbursement of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider, and (iii) we will provide the Service Provider with a cellular phone and an automobile. We shall also grant the Service Provider options to purchase up to 50,000 of our ordinary shares according to terms to be determined by the Board of Directors, which terms have not been yet determined by the date of filing of this annual report.
 
 During 2010, we recorded an expense of $38,000 in accordance with the above noted Services Agreement.
 
 On October 1, 2001, we entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by one of our co-founders. In consideration for these services, we were required to pay $4,600 per month plus motor vehicle expenses. (Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see Note 15d, in the financial reports and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010 see Note 15e in the financial reports). We recorded during 2010 an expense of $37,000 related to the consulting agreement. On July 8, 2010, we entered into a Services Agreement with our co-founder and one of our major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide us with ongoing consulting services as may be reasonably required by us for a consideration of a monthly fee of $3,000 and reimbursement of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider in connection with the services. We shall also grant the Service Provider options to purchase up to 100,000 of our ordinary shares according to terms that will be determined by the Board of Directors, which terms have not been yet determined by the date of filing of this annual report.
 
 During 2010, we recorded an expense of $21,000 in accordance with the above noted Services Agreement.
 
 On December 21, 2008, the Special General Shareholders Meeting approved that as part of a cost cutting plan, all of our non-external directors will join a temporary arrangement pursuant to which the remuneration payable to them shall be paid in fully vested options to purchase our shares instead of in cash, effective October 1, 2008, for a minimum period of three months, with an option to us to extend it from time to time for additional consecutive periods of up to twelve (12) months in the aggregate. In addition (a) all options held by such non-external directors on October 27, 2008 shall be re-priced so that the exercise price thereof shall be $1.10 (the closing price of our ordinary shares on October 27, 2008), and (b) all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013 shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.
 
 During the year 2009, according to the board resolution on October 27, 2008 and the Special General Meeting dated December 21, 2008, we granted to (a) our Chairman of the Board of Directors, (b) a member of our Board of Directors who is also one of our co-founders, (c) one of the co-founders, and (d) another member of our Board of Directors options to purchase up to 256,456, 179,966, 126,944 and 42,121 shares, respectively. The options have an exercise price of 0.0582235 NIS per share, vesting immediately, and will expire after ten years. The options were granted as a partial payment for certain liabilities with respect to the terms of their appointment with us.
 
 As part of our debts extinguishments plan (see also Note 1d to the financial reports) and in accordance with their Services Agreement, the abovementioned Service Providers agreed to a partial forgiveness of the debts due to them under the former consulting agreements accrued from October 1, 2009 until July 8, 2010 which total amount was $245,000 and agreed to repayment in 1,083,071 warrants to purchase our ordinary shares as consideration for the entire debts due. The fair value of the warrants was estimated as $130,000. The difference between the carrying amount of the amounts due and the fair value of the warrants was recognized as a capital gain.
 
 64
 
 On July 25, 2010, our Board of directors elected Mrs. Tsviya Trabelsi to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mrs. Trabelsi is an officer at Sigma Wave Ltd., which is one of our major shareholders and the major holder of a principal amount of convertible bonds; and is also the wife of our current chief executive officer and the sister of one of the members our board of directors. On May 12, 2011, the special general meeting approved the Service Agreement of our chairman of the board of directors whereby, her monthly fee will be calculated at 60% of our chief executive officer’s monthly cost. In addition to the above consideration, we shall bear all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the chairman in connection with her services and provide her with an automobile.
 
 As of December 31, 2010, we accrued $71,000 as expenses arising from related party transactions providing consulting services.
 
 As of December 31, 2009, we accrued $252,000 as employee and payroll expenses arising from a bridge loan that we received from our former Chairman of the Board of Directors. This loan was paid in full by us on January 10, 2010.
 
 On March 30, 2011, we entered into a financing agreement with Sigma that entitles us to refinance the short-term obligations under the Convertible Bonds held by Sigma on a long-term basis. Pursuant to the agreement, and subject to certain conditions and covenants, Sigma postponed all mature amounts, relating to principal and interest, as of December 31, 2010, to January 1, 2012. As of the date of the agreement we met the required covenants and according to our management assessment it is not considered probable that we will fail to meet such covenants until December 31, 2011. In addition, the agreement requires that interest amounts with respect to fiscal 2011 will become due during July 2011 and thereafter.As a consequence of the financing agreement, as of December 31, 2010, our total outstanding debt to Sigma under the Convertible Bonds is $4,262,000, of which $2,453,000 is presented among convertible bonds (long-term balance) and $1,810,000 is presented among long-term loan and others.
  C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
  Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 8.    Financial Information.
 
 A.
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information (Audited)
 
 Refer to Item 18, which contains the following financial statements:
 
 •

Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 •

Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
 •

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit
 
 •

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
 •

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 Export Sales
 
 Sales in Israel during each of the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 was $294,000, $72,000 and $83,000, respectively. Export sales during each of the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 was $17,818,000 (98% of the total sales volume), $9,232,000 (99% of the total sales volume) and $7,306,000 (99% of the total sales volume), respectively.
  Legal Proceedings
 
 We are party to legal proceedings in the normal course of our business. Other than as described below, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which our property is subject. Although the outcome of claims and lawsuits against us cannot be accurately predicted, we do not believe that any of the claims and lawsuits described in this paragraph, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows for any quarterly or annual period.
 
 65
 
 (A) On November 3, 2010, we petitioned the Petach Tikva District Court of the Central District in Israel, for the court approval of a Creditor Arrangement in accordance with Section 350 of the Israeli Companies Law 5759-1999. We requested that the court apply the arrangement, which was approved by our shareholders as well as by a meeting of our creditors, to all of our creditors as of August 10, 2010, or Determining Date, and who were still creditors as of December 17, 2010 and who had submitted a claim of debt no later than January 6, 2011. We requested that pursuant to the proposed Creditor Arrangement all such creditors (whether secured, preferential (by statute) and unsecured) shall be considered to have released us from our debt obligations towards them as of such date in exchange for the allotment to all such creditors of our ordinary shares or warrants to purchase our ordinary shares at a price of $0.09 per ordinary share, against 40% of our total outstanding debt to our creditors and in consideration for which the creditors would forgive the remaining 60% of the outstanding debt.
 
 The completion of the Creditor Arrangement is subject to the approval of the District Court, which as of the filing date of this Annual Report has not yet been granted, pending resolution of an objection by SSF, one of our creditors.
  For more information on the creditor's arrangement please see Item 4.A "History of the Company" under "Recent Developments".
  (B) In April 2004, the Department for Resources Supply of the Ministry of Ukraine (the “Department”) filed with the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (the “Arbitration Court”) a claim to declare Contract No. 10/82 (the “Contract”), dated April 9, 2002, between us and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (the “Ministry”) void due to defects in the proceedings by which we were awarded the Contract. In July, 2004, the Arbitration Court declared the Contract void. On April 27, 2005, we appealed the decision in the High Commercial Court of Ukraine. In May, 2005, the Department filed with the Arbitration Court a new statement of claim for restitution of $1,047,740, paid to us by the Department under the Contract. On September 27, 2005, we received a negative award issued by the Arbitration Court in the second claim (the “Award”). On December 12, 2005, we were informed that the Supreme Court of Ukraine had dismissed our appeal regarding the July, 2004 decision. On June 29, 2006, the Supreme Court of Ukraine held that the Arbitration Court award was valid and legal under applicable law.
 
 On September 28, 2008, the Department filed a petition (the “Petition”) in the Central District Court of Israel (the “Court”), under which the Department requested the approval of the Award as a valid foreign arbitral award under the laws of the State of Israel.
 
 During November 2008, we filed with the Court an objection to the Petition and a petition to declare the Award null and void. Our objection and petition rely on what we believe to be well-based evidence that we have against the manner under which the arbitration proceedings were conducted by the Arbitration Court and against their validness and legality. We believe that the arbitration proceedings were conducted partially and jeopardized our basic rights. Our claims are also corroborated by a contrary legal opinion written in the arbitration decision by one of the arbitrators (“Arbitrator”).
 
 On February 16, 2009 the Department filed its response to our claims (the “Response”). The Department raised in its Response procedural and other claims, including a claim that we filed in Ukraine a monetary claim which is based on the Award and the filing of such claim basically affirms our acknowledgment that the Award is valid. On March 25, 2009, we filed a response to the Department’s response and a requisition to order the Arbitrator to testify in the scope of the Petition proceedings.
 
 On June 6, 2009, a preliminary court session was held regarding the Petition. During the session, the Department’s counsel claimed that one of the two machines that we previously supplied pursuant to the Contract (which machine is priced higher than the amount of the Department’s claim), was not supplied to the Department and was transferred by us to another Ukrainian governmental authority. It is noted that we have documents that evidence that, contrary to the Department’s claim, we supplied both of the machines directly to the Department.
 
 At a hearing held on September 23, 2009, the Court accepted our application to summon the Arbitrator as a witness. At the hearings which took place on November 29 and November 30, 2010, the Arbitrator testified in Court. In his testimony the Arbitrator described procedural flaws which occurred, in his view, during the arbitration and also related to threats which were made against him by the Secretary of the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the course of the arbitration session.
 
 Following the testimony of the Arbitrator, the Department asked the Court to summon the other two Ukrainian arbitrators as witnesses. The Court accepted the request and scheduled hearings for their testimonies in September 2011.
 
 66
 
 Based on the opinion of our legal advisors representing us in this matter, we believe that the above mentioned Ukraine Arbitration Court decision is incorrect, as a matter of law, that the Ukrainian government’s claim has no merit and that the Ukrainian Arbitration Proceedings were legally defective. Based on the opinion of our legal advisors, we further believe that there is a good chance that Petition will be denied. Therefore no provision has been made in the financial statements with respect to the claim for restitution of $1,047,740.
  (C) On October 30, 2003, SuperCom Slovakia, a subsidiary (66%) of Vuance Ltd., received an award from the International Arbitral Centre of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (“IAC”), in a case against the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic relating to the agreement on delivery of Technology, Cooperation and Services signed on March 17, 1998. Upon the Arbitral Award, the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic was ordered to pay SuperCom Slovakia the amount of SKK 80,000,000 (approximately $3,519,000 as of December 31, 2010) plus interest accruing from March, 1999. In addition, the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic was ordered to pay the costs of arbitration in the amount of EUR 42,716 (approximately $57,000 as of December 31, 2010) and SuperCom Slovakia’s legal fees in the amount of EUR 63,611 (approximately $84,000 as of December 31, 2010). We have begun an enforcement proceeding to collect the arbitral award. The Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic filed a claim with the Commercial Court in Vienna, Austria on February 10, 2004, whereby it challenged and requested to set aside the arbitral award. During September, 2005, the commercial court of Vienna dismissed the claim. On October 21, 2005, the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic filed an appeal. On August 25, 2006, the Austrian Appellate Court rejected the appeal and ordered the Ministry to reimburse Supercom Slovakia ́s costs of the appellate proceeding in the amount of EUR 6,688 within 14 days. On October 3, 2006, we were informed that the Ministry had decided not to file an extraordinary appeal to the Austrian Supreme Court’s decision rejecting its appeal. To date, our efforts to enforce the Commercial Court’s decision have been unsuccessful.
  (D) On December 16, 1999, Secu-Systems Ltd. (“Secu-systems”) filed a lawsuit with the District Court in Tel-Aviv-Jaffa jointly and severally against us and InkSure Ltd. (“InkSure”) (our former subsidiary, which became a subsidiary of InkSure Technologies, Inc.) seeking a permanent injunction and damages arising from the printing method applied to certain products developed by Inksure. In its lawsuit, Secu-systems asserted claims of breach of a confidentiality agreement between Secu-systems and us, unjust enrichment by us and InkSure, breach of fiduciary duties owed to Secu-systems by us and InkSure, misappropriation of trade secrets by us and InkSure, and damage to Secu-systems’ property. On March 15, 2006, the Court denied the breach of contract claim, but upheld the claim for misappropriation of trade secrets and ordered InkSure and us to cease all activity involving the use of the confidential knowledge and/or confidential information of Secu-systems. In addition, the court ordered us and Inksure to provide a report certified by an accountant setting forth in full the income and/or benefit received by InkSure and us as a result of the misappropriation activity through the date of the judgment, and ordered us and Inksure, jointly and severally, to pay to Secu-systems compensation in the sum of NIS 100,000 ($28,000 as of December 31, 2010) and legal expenses as well as attorney’s fees in the sum of NIS 30,000 ($8,000 as of December 31, 2010). Secu-systems has filed an appeal, and we and InkSure filed a counter-appeal, on the ruling above.
 
 During the years thereafter several court sessions were held, judgments were made and appeals were filed by each of the parties.
 
 On December 15, 2009, the court suggested that the parties attempt to resolve this dispute through mediation. All of the parties agreed to mediate the matter.
 
 In the course of the mediation process, during 2010, an agreement in principle was reached, according to which the mediator will be authorized to determine the sum, within the range between NIS 750,000 (approximately $211,000 as of December 31, 2010) and NIS 1,000,000 (approximately $282,000 as of December 31, 2010), which we shall pay to Secu-Systems. Pursuant to such agreement in principle, the amount determined by the mediator will be paid by us during 2011 in 10 equal, consecutive monthly installments.
 
 As of December 31, 2009 we made an allowance in the amount of $230,000 related to this litigation.
 
 Following the said agreement in principle, a binding mediation agreement was signed by the parties, and on September 1, 2010, a mediation session was held. On November 30, 2010, the mediator determined that the sum we will have to pay to Secu-System is NIS 893,000 (approximately $252,000 as of December 31, 2010).
 
 (E) We lease office space in Qadima, Israel, from Somet HaSharon (“Somet”) under a lease agreement entered into in 2005. In 2009, we discovered a discrepancy in the lease agreement between the amount of space indicated as leased in the agreement and the amount of space actually possessed by us. Accordingly, we sent Somet a set-off notice regarding the excess lease payments that, according to us, Somet has collected from us from the commencement of the lease period.
 
 67
 
 The entire dispute has been submitted to an agreed-upon Arbitrator.
 
 On June 28, 2010, the arbitral award was received, pursuant to which the claim against us was accepted and our counterclaim was rejected. In addition, legal expenses in the amount of NIS 20,000 (approximately $6,000 as of December 31, 2010) were awarded in favor of Somet.
 
 We settled the entire debt in respect of that dispute in October 2010.
 
 (F) Vuance Inc., our wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary was the defendant in an action filed on March 26, 2010 in the Circuit Court for Milwaukee County by two former employees, which are also our shareholders. The two Plaintiffs in that matter claimed that each was a party to an Employment Agreement with Vuance Inc. and that Vuance Inc. was in breach of those agreements. Each of the Employment Agreements provides, inter alia, that any disputes arising under or in connection with the Agreement shall be resolved by third-party mediation and, failing that, by binding arbitration. Accordingly, counsel in the matter have agreed to have the dispute mediated by a third party. Counsel has agreed that the time for Vuance Inc. to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint in the matter is indefinitely extended. Together, the Plaintiffs claimed they have been damaged in an amount of $168,000. Vuance Inc. made an allowance of $168,000, in 2009 that reflects the expected expenses related to this litigation.
  On July 15, 2010 the two Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case without prejudice. As of December 31, 2010, we reassessed the allowance and decided to set the allowance at an amount of $100,000, since we assumed that the employees’ claim remained valid.
 
 Dividend Policy
 
 We have not distributed a cash dividend since August 27, 1997 and we do not anticipate any dividend distribution in the foreseeable future. Under the Israeli Companies Law, dividends may only be paid out of profits legally available for distribution (the “Profits Criteria”) and provided that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent us from satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. In addition, a competent court may approve, as per a motion to be filed by a company in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law requirements, a payment which does not meet the Profit Criteria, provided that the court was convinced that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent the company from satisfying its existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due.
 
 In accordance with our Articles of Association, our Board of Directors may from time to time declare and cause the Company to pay to the shareholders such interim or final dividends as the Board of Directors deems appropriate considering the profits of the Company and in compliance with the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law.
 
 Subject to the rights of the holders of shares as to dividends, and to the provisions of our Articles of Association, dividends, whether in cash or in bonus shares, shall be paid or distributed, as the case may be, to shareholders pro rata to the amount paid up or credited as paid up on account of their shares, without taking into consideration any premium paid thereon.
 
 B.
Significant Changes
 
 On March 30, 2011, we entered into a financing agreement with Sigma that entitles us to refinance the short-term obligations under the Convertible Bonds held by Sigma on a long-term basis. Pursuant to the agreement, and subject to certain conditions and covenants, Sigma postponed all mature amounts, relating to principal and interest, as of December 31, 2010, to January 1, 2012. As of the date of the agreement we met the required covenants and according to our management assessment it is not considered probable that we will fail to meet such covenants until December 31, 2011. In addition, the agreement requires that interest amounts with respect to fiscal 2011 will become due during July 2011 and thereafter.As a consequence of the financing agreement, as of December 31, 2010, our total outstanding debt to Sigma under the Convertible Bonds is $4,262,000, of which $2,453,000 is presented among convertible bonds (long-term balance) and $1,810,000 is presented among long-term loan and others.
  ITEM 9.    The Offer And Listing.
 
 A.
Offer and Listing Details
 
 The tables included below set forth information regarding the price history of the ordinary shares on the Euronext Brussels stock market and the OTC Bulletin Board/NASDAQ/Pink OTC Market for the periods indicated.
 
 68
 
 We were traded on the NASDAQ Europe stock market since April 19, 1999. On October 23, 2003, following the closing of the NASDAQ Europe stock market, we transferred the listing of our shares to Euronext Brussels stock market where we traded under the symbol “VUNC.” We applied for delisting of our shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and our application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008.
 
 Our ordinary shares were quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board Market under the symbol “VUNC.OB,” from November 5, 2004 until August 22, 2007.
 
 Our ordinary shares approved for listing on NASDAQ and began trading effective August 23, 2007. The shares were traded on NASDQ under the symbol “VUNC.”
 
 On September 29, 2009 we received a NASDAQ Staff Determination letter indicating that we failed to comply with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement of $2.5 million as set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b) (formerly Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(3)). As a result, our securities were delisted from The Nasdaq Stock Market and trading in our shares was suspended effective at the open of business on October 1, 2009.
 
 Following the delisting from the NASDAQ, as of the open of business on October 1, 2009, we had been advised by Pink OTC Markets Inc., which operates an electronic quotation service for securities traded over-the-counter, that our securities were immediately eligible for quotation in the Pink Sheets. Our ordinary shares are currently quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF”.
 
 The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of our ordinary shares in U.S. dollars as reported on the NASDAQ Europe stock market or the Euronext Brussels stock market, as applicable until August 4, 2008 (conversion to U.S. dollars is based on the exchange rate published by the Bank of Israel). The following table also shows, for the periods indicated since November 5, 2004, the high and low closing prices of our ordinary shares on the Pink OTC Market or OTC Bulletin Board Market or NASDAQ, as applicable.
 
 The Company has not issued any securities in connection with a pre-emptive issue.
 
 Period

European market (1)


US market (2)Per share ($)


Per share ($)High


Low


High


LowAnnual2006


6.71



3.18



6.59



3.242007


5.28



3.58



6.18



3.822008


3.90
(1)


2.40
(1)


4.69



0.292009


N/A



N/A



0.68



0.202010


N/A



N/A



0.29



0.05Financial quarters2009First quarter


N/A



N/A



0.68



0.24Second quarter


N/A



N/A



0.64



0.26Third quarter


N/A



N/A



0.45



0.30Fourth quarter


N/A



N/A



0.55



0.202010First quarter


N/A



N/A



0.29



0.08Second quarter


N/A



N/A



0.24



0.10Third quarter


N/A



N/A



0.16



0.10Fourth quarter


N/A



N/A



0.14



0.052011First quarter


N/A



N/A



0.13



0.06Most recent six monthsMay 2011


N/A



N/A



0.13



0.04April 2011


N/A



N/A



0.14



0.07March 2011


N/A



N/A



0.13



0.07February 2011


N/A



N/A



0.10



0.06January 2011


N/A



N/A



0.13



0.07December 2010


N/A



N/A



0.11



0.05
 
 (1) Our shares were quoted on the NASDAQ Europe stock market since April 19, 1999 and since October 23, 2003, on the Euronext Brussels stock market. We applied for delisting of our shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and our application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008.
  (2) Our ordinary shares were quoted on the OTC bulletin board from November 5, 2004 and since August 23, 2007, our ordinary shares were approved for trading on NASDAQ under the symbol “VUNC” and the trade on the OTC Bulletin Board ceased. On October 1, 2009 our ordinary shares started being quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF” on the Pink OTC Market.
 
 (3) Share prices are adjusted to give effect to our 1-for-5.88235 reverse share split effective for trading purposes on May 14, 2007.
  69
  On June 10, 2011, the last reported sale price of our ordinary shares on Pink Sheets was $0.12 per share.
  Lack of Liquidity
  The delisting of our ordinary shares from the NASDAQ market, significantly affects the ability of investors to trade our securities and negatively affects the liquidity of our ordinary shares.  "Penny stock" rules may make buying or selling our ordinary shares difficult, severely limiting the market price of our ordinary shares and the liquidity of our shares in the U.S.  Trading in our ordinary shares may be subject to the "penny stock" regulations adopted by the SEC. These regulations generally define a "penny stock" to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules require that any broker-dealer who recommends our securities to persons other than prior customers and accredited investors must, prior to the sale, make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written agreement to execute the transaction. Unless an exception is available, the regulations require delivery, prior to any transaction involving a "penny stock," of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with trading in the penny stock market. In addition, broker-dealers must disclose commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and registered representative and current quotations for the securities they offer. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our stock, which could severely limit the liquidity of our stock.
  B.
Plan of Distribution
 
 Not applicable.
 
 C.
Markets
 
 Our ordinary shares were listed for trade on the Euronext Brussels stock market, from October 23, 2003 under the symbol “SUP,” which became “VUNC” after our corporate name change on May 14, 2007. We applied for delisting of our shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and our application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008.
 
 Since November 5, 2004, our ordinary shares have also traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "SPCBF.OB," which, following our recent name change became “VUNCF.OB.” Since August 23, 2007, our ordinary shares were approved for trading on NASDAQ under the symbol “VUNC” and the trade on the OTC Bulletin Board ceased. On October 1, 2009 our ordinary shares started being quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF” on the Pink OTC Market.
 
 D.
Selling Shareholders
 
 Not applicable.
 
 70
  E.
Dilution
 
 Not applicable.
 
 F.
Expenses of the Issue
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 10.    Additional Information.
 
 A.    Share Capital
 
 Not applicable.
 
 B.    Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
 Our Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association are attached hereto as noted in Item 19.
 
 We are a public company organized in the State of Israel under the Israeli Companies Law. We are registered with the Registrar of Companies of the State of Israel as a publicly traded corporation and we have been assigned public company number 52-00-4407-4.
 Set forth below is a summary of certain provisions of our Memorandum of Association (the "Memorandum"), the Articles of Association (the "Articles") and the Companies Law as it applies to the company. This description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Memorandum and Articles and by Israeli law. The Memorandum, which integrates into the text all amendments thereto since our incorporation, and the Articles, which were adopted in August 2007, are incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Form 20-F.
 
 OBJECTS OF THE COMPANY
 
 Pursuant to Section 2 of the Memorandum, the principal object for which we were established is to engage in the development, manufacture, implementation and marketing of computerized systems in general and computerized systems for producing tags, computerized photograph databases for the purpose of identification and for issuing various certificates in particular; consultation in the above fields; development, manufacture, implementation and marketing of any product based on the knowledge and expertise of the parties; and the purchase, sale, import, export and implementation of any action required to realize the above objectives.
 
 DIRECTORS
 
 Our Articles provide that the number of directors may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors, and unless otherwise determined, the number of directors comprising the Board of Directors will be between four and ten. With the exception of our external directors, who are elected for three year terms and may only be elected for three year terms in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law and the amendments thereto as described above, our directors are elected for a one year term ending at the following annual general meeting of shareholders, However, if no directors are elected at an annual meeting, then the persons who served as directors immediately prior to the annual meeting shall be deemed reelected at the same meeting. The general meeting may resolve that a director be elected for a period longer than by the next annual general meeting, but not longer than the third next annual meeting. Directors may resign or in certain circumstances be removed by our general meeting prior to the expiration of his term.
 
 The board may appoint additional directors (whether to fill a vacancy or create new directorship) to serve until the next annual shareholders meeting. In case an office of a director has been vacated, the remaining directors may continue to act in every matter so long as the number of its members is not less than the quorum required at the time for meetings of the board. If the number of members of the board decreases below said quorum, the board will not be entitled to act except in case of emergency or for appointing additional directors in order to fill vacant positions on the board or to call a general meeting of the shareholders. The Board of Directors elects one of its members to serve as the Chairman.
 
 The Board of Directors may meet and adjourn its meetings as it deems fit, provided, however, that the board must meet at least once in every three months period. A meeting of the board may be called at the request of each director. The quorum required for a meeting of the board is not less than 30% of the number of directors and in any event not less than two directors. Issues arising at any Board of Directors’ meeting are decided by a majority of votes cast at the meeting. In lieu of a board meeting a resolution may be adopted in writing if signed by all directors, and a meeting may also be held through telephone conference or other communications means, provided however that all participants may hear each other simultaneously.
 
 71
 
 Subject to the Companies Law, the board may delegate any of its powers to committees consisting of at least three directors, provided that each such committee shall include at least one external director. The Board of Directors may from time to time revoke such delegation or alter the composition of any such committee. Any committee so formed must exercise its powers in accordance with any directions given to it by the board. Under the Companies Law the Board of Directors must appoint an audit committee, comprised of at least three directors and including all of the external directors. Pursuant to the amended Israeli Companies Law, as of the Amendment Date, a majority of the audit committee must be Independent Directors. Independent Directors are defined as either external directors or as directors who i) meet the requirements of an external director, other than the requirement to possess accounting and financial expertise or professional qualifications, and the audit committee confirms that the individual meets such requirements; ii) have been directors in the company for no more than 9 years (breaks of up to two years do not interrupt the duration); and iii) were classified as such by the company. The chairman of the audit committee must be an external director.
 
 The function of the audit committee is to review irregularities in the management of our business and recommend remedial measures. The committee is also required, under the Companies Law, to approve certain related party transactions. Following the Amendment Date, the responsibilities of the audit committee shall also include approving the terms of compensation of company officers, classifying company transactions as extraordinary transactions or non-extraordinary transactions and as material or non-material transactions in which an officer has an interest (which will have the effect of determining the kind of corporate approvals required for such transaction), assessing the proper function of the company’s internal audit regime and determining whether its internal auditor has the requisite tools and resources required to perform his role and to regulate the companies rules on employee complaints, reviewing the scope of work of the company’s independent accountants and their fees, and implementing a whistleblower protection plan with respect to employee complaints of business irregularities.
 
 FIDUCIARY DUTIES OF OFFICERS
 
 The Companies Law codifies the fiduciary duties that "office holders," including directors and executive officers, owe to a company. An office holder's fiduciary duties consist of a duty of care and a duty of loyalty. The duty of loyalty includes avoiding any conflict of interest between the office holder's position in the company and his personal affairs, avoiding any competition with the company, avoiding exploiting any business opportunity of the company in order to receive personal advantage for himself or others, and revealing to the company any information or documents relating to the company's affairs which the office holder has received due to his position as an office holder.
 
 APPROVAL OF CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
 
 Transactions with Office Holders; Extraordinary Transactions
 
 Under the Companies Law, all arrangements as to compensation of office holders who are not directors, or controlling parties, require approval of the audit committee (and following the Amendment Date  or a compensation committee to the extent that it complies with the statutory requirements which apply to the audit committee) and the Board of Directors. Arrangements regarding the terms of employment and compensation of directors also require approval by the audit committee, the Board of Directors and the shareholders.
 
 The Companies Law requires that an office holder of the company promptly disclose any personal interest that he or she may have and all related material information known to him or her, in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by the company. In addition, if the transaction is an extraordinary transaction as defined under Israeli law, the office holder must also disclose any personal interest held by the office holder's spouse, siblings, parents, grandparents, descendants, spouse's descendants (and subsequent to the Amendment Date, also the siblings and parents of the office holder's spouse) and the spouses of any of the foregoing. In addition, the office holder must also disclose any interest held by any corporation in which the office holder is a 5% or greater shareholder, director or general manager or in which he or she has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager. An extraordinary transaction is defined as a transaction other than in the ordinary course of business, otherwise than on market terms, or that is likely to have a material impact on the company's profitability, assets or liabilities.
 
 In the case of a transaction which is not an extraordinary transaction, after the office holder complies with the above disclosure requirement, only board approval is required unless the articles of association of the company provide otherwise. The transaction must not be adverse to the company's interest. Furthermore, if the transaction is an extraordinary transaction, then, in addition to any approval stipulated by the articles of association, it also must be approved by the company's audit committee and then by the Board of Directors, and, under certain circumstances, by a meeting of the shareholders of the company.
 
 72
 
 An individual who has a personal interest in a matter that is considered at a meeting of the Board of Directors or the audit committee may not be present at the deliberations or vote on this matter, however subsequent to the Amendment Date, with respect to an office holder, he/she may be present at the meeting discussions if the chairman determines that the office holder has to present the matter. If a majority of the directors has a personal interest in a transaction with us, such directors may be present at the deliberations and vote in this matter, and shareholder approval of the transaction is required.
 
 The Companies Law applies the same disclosure requirements to a controlling shareholder of a public company, which includes a shareholder that holds 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of the voting rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and the terms of compensation of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder, and  subsequent to the Amendment Date also relating to the provision of services to the company, require the approval of the audit committee, the Board of Directors and the shareholders of the company by simple majority, provided that either such majority vote must include at least one-third (and following the Amendment Date, one-half) of the shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction and are present at the meeting (without taking into account the votes of the abstaining shareholders), or that the total shareholdings of those who have no personal interest in the transaction who vote against the transaction represent no more than one percent (and following the Amendment Date, two percent)of the voting rights in the company.
 
 Following the Amendment Date, agreements and extraordinary transactions with duration exceeding three years are subject to re-approval once every three years by the audit committee, board of directors and the shareholders of the company. Extraordinary transactions may be approved in advance for a period exceeding three years if the audit committee determines such approval reasonable under the circumstances. In addition, agreements and extraordinary transactions with duration exceeding three years which were approved prior to the Amendment Date will need to be re-approved by the proper corporate actions at the later of the first general meeting held after the Amendment Date, six months after the Amendment Date or the expiration of three years from the date on which they approved, even though they were properly approved prior to the passing of the amendment to the Companies Law.
  In addition, a private placement of securities that will increase the relative holdings of a shareholder that holds five percent or more of the company's outstanding share capital (assuming the exercise or conversion of all securities held by such person that are exercisable for or convertible into shares) or voting rights or that will cause any person to become, as a result of the issuance, a holder of more than five percent of the company's outstanding share capital or voting rights, requires approval by the Board of Directors and the shareholders of the company. However, if the receiving party is not a director in the company, its CEO, or a controlling shareholder, and will not become a controlling shareholder as a result of the private placement, shareholder approval is not required if the allotted securities amount to less than twenty percent of the company's outstanding voting rights before the allotment. Since our shares are traded and were offered to the public only outside of Israel, and as long as our shares are not offered to the public or registered for trade in Israel, we are exempted from these limitations concerning private placements.
 
 Under the Companies Law and as long as our Articles are not amended to determine otherwise, certain resolutions, such as resolutions regarding mergers, and windings up, require approval of the holders of 75% of the shares represented at the meeting and voting thereon.
 
 Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder; Approval of Transactions with Controlling Shareholders
 
 The disclosure requirements which apply to an office holder also apply to such transaction with respect to his or her personal interest in the transaction. The Israeli Companies Law provides that an extraordinary transaction with a controlling shareholder or an extraordinary transaction with another person in whom the controlling shareholder has a personal interest or a transaction with a controlling shareholder or his relative regarding terms of service and employment, must be approved by the audit committee, the board of directors and shareholders. The shareholder approval for such a transaction must include at least one- half of the shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction who voted on the matter (not including abstentions). The transaction can be approved by shareholders without this one- half approval if the total shareholdings of those shareholders who have no personal interest and voted against the transaction do not represent more than two percent of the voting rights in the company.
 
 73
 
 Under the Companies Regulations (Relief from Related Party Transactions), 5760-2000, promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law, as amended, certain extraordinary transactions between a public company and its controlling shareholder(s) do not require shareholder approval. Such extraordinary transactions must be approved by both the Board and the audit committee and (i) must involve the extension of an existing transaction that was duly approved and does not involve any significant change in the terms of the existing transaction or the change is solely for the benefit of the company; (ii) is solely for the benefit of the company; (iii) is with the controlling shareholder or another person in which the controlling shareholder has an interest and the transaction is in accordance with the terms of a master agreement that was duly approved; (iv) is with the controlling shareholder or another person in which the controlling shareholder has an interest, the purpose of which is a transaction of theirs with a third party or a joint proposal to enter into a transaction with a third party, and the terms of the transaction that apply to the controlling shareholder are not significantly different from the terms that apply to the controlling shareholder or an entity controlled by him (while taking into account the extent of their respective involvement in the transaction); or (v) is among companies controlled by the controlling shareholder, or between the public company and the controlling shareholder or another person in which the controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and the transaction is on market terms, within the ordinary course of business and does not harm the company. In addition, under such regulations, directors’ compensation and employment arrangements in a public company do not require the approval of the shareholders if both the audit committee and the board of directors agree that such arrangements are solely for the benefit of the company. Also, employment and compensation arrangements for an office holder that is a controlling shareholder of a public company do not require shareholder approval if certain criteria are met. The foregoing exemptions from shareholder approval will not apply if one or more shareholders holding at least 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company or of the company’s voting rights, objects to the use of these exemptions provided that such objection is submitted to the company in writing not later than fourteen days from the date of the filing of a report regarding the adoption of such resolution by the company pursuant to the requirements of the Israeli Securities Law. If such objection is duly and timely submitted, then the transaction or compensation arrangement of the directors will require shareholders’ approval as detailed above.
 
 In addition, a private placement of securities that will (i) cause a person to become a controlling shareholder or (ii) increase the relative holdings of a shareholder that holds 5% or more of the company’s outstanding share capital, or (iii) will cause any person to become, as a result of the issuance, a holder of more than 5% of the company’s outstanding share capital in a private placement in which 20% or more of the company’s outstanding share capital prior to the placement are offered, the payment for which (in whole or in part) is not in cash or not under market terms, requires approval by the board of directors and the shareholders of the company.
 
 The Israeli Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a special tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would the control 25% or greater of the company's voting rights. This rule does not apply if there is already another such shareholder which controls 25% or greater of the company's voting rights. Similarly, the Israeli Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a special tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would hold greater than a 45% voting rights in the company, unless there is another shareholder holding more than a 45% voting  rights in the company. These requirements do not apply to: (i) the acquisition of shares in a private placement, provided that such private placement was approved by the general meeting of the company’s shareholders as a private placement purporting to confer to the offeree the control of 25% or greater of the company's voting rights if the there is no other holder of such a block of shares, or purporting to confer to the offeree 45% of the voting rights in the company if there is no other person holding forty-five percent of the voting rights in the company; (ii) was from a shareholder which controls 25% or greater of the company's voting rights which resulted in the acquirer becoming a a shareholder of the company shareholder which controls 25% or greater of the company's voting rights, or (iii) was from a shareholder holding a 45% of the voting in the company which resulted in the acquirer becoming a holder of a 45% of the voting rights in the company.  A special tender offer will only be considered accepted if: (i) half the offerees (excluding the controlling shareholders of the offeror and excluding the holders of a 25% or more block of the voting rights in the company) that gave notice of their position in respect of the tender offer, accept the tender offer; and (ii) at least 5% of the voting rights in the company are purchased in the tender offer.  Under the Companies Regulations  (Relief for Public Companies whose Shared are Traded on Exchanges outside of Israel) the above requirements for a special tender offer do not apply in instances whereby according to the laws of the foreign jurisdiction there are limitations regarding the acquisition of a controlling interest in the company of any specified portion or the acquisition of a controlling interest of any specified portion necessitates an offer by the potential acquirer of a controlling interest to acquire shares from  amongst the publicly traded shares. The Israeli Securities Authority is of the view that US securities laws and exchange regulations of various exchanges do not purport to limit the acquisition of controlling interests in a company, do not require the potential acquirer of a controlling interest to make an offer to acquire shares from the  public, and as such Israeli companies that are publicly traded in the United States of America cannot benefit from these relief regulations and are thus subject to the general provisions of the Companies Law which require a special tender offer as outlined above.
 
 If, as a result of an acquisition of shares, the acquirer will hold more than 90% of a public company’s outstanding shares or a class of shares, the acquisition must be made by means of a tender offer for all of the outstanding shares or a class of shares. If less than 5% of the outstanding shares are not tendered in the tender offer, and (following the Amendment Date) more than half of the shareholders without a personal interest in accepting the offer tendered their shares, then all the shares that the acquirer offered to purchase will be transferred to the acquirer. The Israeli Companies Law provides for appraisal rights if any shareholder files a request in court within three months following the consummation of a full tender offer (provided, however, that following the Amendment Date and subject to certain exceptions, the terms of the tender offer may state that a shareholder that accepts the offer waives such right). If more than 5% of the outstanding shares are not tendered in the tender offer, then the acquirer may not acquire shares in the tender offer that will cause his shareholding to exceed 90% of the outstanding shares; provided, however, that following the Amendment Date, if the dissenting shareholders constitute less than 2% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company then the full tender will be accepted and all of the shares that the acquirer offered to purchase will be transferred to the acquirer by operation of law.
 
 74
 
 DUTIES OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
 Under the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary way towards the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his or her power in the company including, among other things, when voting in a general meeting of shareholders on the following matters:
 
 ·
any amendment to the articles of association;
 ·
an increase of the company's authorized share capital;
 ·
a merger; or
 ·
approval of interested party transactions which require shareholder approval.
 
 Furthermore, the Companies Law requires that a shareholder refrain from acting in a discriminatory manner towards other shareholders.
 
 The Companies Law does not describe the substance of the aforementioned duties of shareholders, but provides that laws applicable to a breach of contract, adjusted according to the circumstances shall apply to a breach of such duties. With respect to the obligation to refrain from acting discriminatorily, a shareholder that is discriminated against can petition the court to instruct the company to remove or prevent the discrimination, as well as provide instructions with respect to future actions.
 
 In addition, the Companies Law dictates that any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it possesses power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any shareholder who, pursuant to the provisions of a company's articles of association, has the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company, is under a duty to act with fairness towards the company.
 
 The Companies Law does not describe the substance of the aforementioned duty to act with fairness but provides that laws applicable to a breach of contract, adjusted according to the circumstances and taking into account the status within the company of such shareholder shall apply to a breach of such duty.
 
 EXEMPTION, INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS EXEMPTION OF OFFICE HOLDERS
 
 Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exempt an office holder from liability for breach of his duty of loyalty, but may exempt in advance an office holder from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for a breach of his duty of care, provided the articles of association of the company allow it to do so. Our Articles allow us to exempt our office holders from liability towards us for breach of duty of care to the maximum extent permitted by law.
  OFFICE HOLDER INSURANCE
 
 Our Articles provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of the liability of any of our office holders for any act done by him or her by virtue of being an office holder, in respect of any of the following:
 
 ·
a breach of duty of care towards us or any other person,
 ·
a breach of fiduciary obligations towards us, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had reasonable grounds to assume that his or her act would not be to our detriment,
 ·
a financial liability imposed on him or her in favor of another person, or
 ·
any other event for which insurance of an office holder is or may be permitted.
 
 75
 
 INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICE HOLDERS
 
 Our Articles provide that we may indemnify an office holder for the following cases of liability and expenses incurred by him or her as a result of an act done by him or her by virtue of being an office holder:
 
 ·
financial liability imposed upon said office holder in favor of another person by virtue of a decision by a court of law, including a decision by way of settlement or a decision in arbitration which has been confirmed by a court of law;
 ·
reasonable expenses of the proceedings, including lawyers’ fees, expended by the office holder or imposed on him by the court for:
 (1) proceedings issued against him by or on behalf of the Company or by a third party;
 (2) criminal proceedings in which the office holder was acquitted; or
 (3) criminal proceedings in which he was convicted in an offense, which did not require proof of criminal intent; or
 ·
any other liability or expense for which the indemnification of an officer holder is not precluded by law.
 
 We have obtained directors and officers liability insurance for the benefit of our office holders.
 
 LIMITATIONS ON EXEMPTION, INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION
 
 The Israeli Companies Law provides that a company may not exempt or indemnify an office holder, or enter into an insurance contract, which would provide coverage for any monetary liability incurred as a result of any of the following:
 
 ·
a breach by the office holder of his or her duty of loyalty towards the company unless, with respect to insurance coverage, the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;
 ·
a breach by the office holder of his or her duty of care if the breach was done intentionally or recklessly;
 ·
any act or omission done with the intent to derive an illegal personal benefit; or
 ·
any fine levied against the office holder.
 
 REQUIRED APPROVALS
 
 In addition, under the Companies Law, any exemption of, indemnification of, or procurement of insurance coverage for, our office holders must be approved by our audit committee and our Board of Directors and, if the beneficiary is a director, an additional approval by our shareholders is required.
 
 RIGHTS OF ORDINARY SHARES
 
 Our ordinary shares confer upon our shareholders the right to receive notices of, and to attend, shareholder meetings, the right to one vote per ordinary share at all shareholders' meetings for all purposes, and to share equally, on a per share basis, in such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors; and upon liquidation or dissolution, the right to participate in the distribution of any surplus assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders after payment of all debts and other liabilities of the Company. All ordinary shares rank pari passu in all respects with each other. Our Board of Directors may, from time to time, make such calls as it may think fit upon a shareholder in respect of sum unpaid in respect of shares held by such shareholder which is not payable at a fixed time, and each shareholder shall pay the amount of every call so made upon him (and of each installment thereof if the same is payable in installments).
 
 MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
 An annual general meeting of our shareholders will be held at least once in every calendar year, not later than 15 months after the last annual general meeting at such time and at such place either within or without the State of Israel as may be determined by our Board of Directors.
 
 Our Board of Directors may, whenever it deems fit, convene a special general meeting. Special general meetings may also be convened upon requisition in accordance with the Companies Law. Our Board is obligated to convene a special general meeting if it receives a written request from any of (a) two Directors or 25% of the total number of Directors; (b) one or more Shareholders, holding at least 5% of our issued share capital and at least 1% of the shareholders’ voting power; or (c) one or more shareholders holding no less than 5% of the our issued voting shares.
 
 76
 
 MERGERS
 
 A merger of the Company shall require resolution adopted by a simple vote cast at a general meeting, not taking into account abstentions provided, however, that following the Amendment Date, if the transaction is an extraordinary transaction with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has an interest, then the  approvals required will be the corporate approvals under the Companies Law for such extraordinary transaction (i.e. approval of the audit committee, board of directors and shareholders vote, which shareholder approval must either include at least one-half of the shares held by disinterested shareholders who are present, in person or by proxy, at the meeting, or, alternatively, the total shareholdings of the disinterested shareholders who vote against the transaction must not represent more than two percent)..
 
 As stated above, a recent amendment to the Companies Law made certain changes to the rules of corporate governance, which changes were described above. Additional changes to the Companies Law which were not described above include:
 
 ·
Code of Corporate Conduct. A code of recommended corporate governance practices has been attached to the Companies Law; we are currently determining the applicability of such code to our company.
 
 ·
Fines.The Israeli Securities Authority shall be authorized to impose fines on any person or company performing an action specifically designated as a breach under the Companies Law.
 
 Although we expect to be in compliance with the Companies Law, there is no assurance that we will not be required to adjust our current corporate governance practices, as discussed in this annual report, pursuant to the provisions of this recently passed amendment to the Companies Law.
  C.    Material Contracts
 
 Except for the material contracts described in Item 4 – Recent Developments and in Item 5 – Liquidity and Capital Resources, we are not a party to any other material contracts outside of the ordinary course of business.
 
 D.    Exchange Controls
  Pursuant to a general permit issued in 1998 by the Israeli Controller of Foreign Exchange under the Currency Control Law, 1978 (the "Currency Control Law"), there are virtually no restrictions on foreign exchange in the State of Israel, except for certain reporting obligations.
  E.    Taxation
 
 To the extent that the following discussion is based on new or existing tax or other legislation that has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, there can be no assurance that the views expressed herein will be accepted by the tax or other authorities in question.  This discussion is not intended, nor should it be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and it is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations.
 
 Israeli Taxation
 
 The following is a summary of the current material Israeli tax laws applicable to companies in Israel with special reference to its effect on us. This summary does not discuss all the acts of Israeli tax law that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her personal investment circumstances or to some types of investors subject to special treatment under Israeli law. Some parts of this discussion are based on new tax legislation that has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the views expressed in the discussion will be accepted by the tax authorities in question. The discussion is not intended and should not be construed as legal or professional tax advice and does not cover all possible tax considerations.
 
 POTENTIAL INVESTORS AND HOLDERS OF OUR SHARES ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE ISRAELI OR OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY FOREIGN, STATE OR LOCAL TAXES.
 
 The following discussion describes the material Israeli tax consequences regarding ownership and disposition of Vuance’s ordinary shares applicable to non-Israeli shareholders, including U.S. shareholders.
 
 77
 
 General Corporate Tax Structure
 
 Israeli companies are generally subject, in 2010, to corporate tax at the rate of 25% on their taxable income. This rate was 29% in the 2007 tax year, 27% for the 2008 tax year and 26% for the 2009 tax year. On July 23, 2009, as part of the Arrangements Law for the period 2009-2010, article 126 of the Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) – 1961 was amended, whereby the corporate tax rate would be gradually reduced commencing in the 2011 tax year and thereafter, as follows: 2011 – 24%, 2012 – 23%, 2013 – 22%, 2014 – 21%, 2015 – 20% and 2016 and thereafter – 18%.
 
 Protection against the effects of inflation or changes in the US dollar exchange rate
 
 In the past, in order to avoid erosion of corporate capital in times of high inflation, Israeli companies implemented the Income Tax Law (Adjustment for Inflation) 1985 that adjusted taxable income for changes in the Israeli Consumer Price Index. Since inflation in Israel in recent years has not been significant, the Income Tax Law (Adjustment for Inflation) 1985 was canceled as from the 2008 tax year subject to provisions that were set out.
 
 Taxation of Capital Gains Applicable to Israeli Shareholders and Non-Israeli Shareholders
 
 General
 
 Israeli law generally imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of any capital assets by residents of Israel, as defined for Israeli tax purposes, and on the sale of assets located in Israel, including shares in Israeli companies, by both residents and non-residents of Israel, unless a specific exemption is available or unless a tax treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence provides otherwise. The law distinguishes between real gain and inflationary surplus. The inflationary surplus is a portion of the total capital gain which is equivalent to the increase of the relevant asset’s purchase price which is attributable to the increase in the Israeli consumer price index or, in certain circumstances, a foreign currency exchange rate, between the date of purchase and the date of sale. The real gain is the excess of the total capital gain over the inflationary surplus.
 
 Israeli residents:
 
 Individuals:
 
 Commencing in January 1, 2006, a real capital gain deriving to an individual will be taxed at a rate of 20%, on condition that the income is not classified as business income from the vantage point of the individual. This will apply to the entire real capital gain accrued since the date of purchase, or since January 1, 2003 if the purchase preceded that date.
 
 Notwithstanding the above, the real capital gain will be taxed at a rate of 25% in the following instances:
 
 1.
The individual deducts interest expenses and linkage differentials.
 2.
The seller is a "significant shareholder" at the date of the sale of the securities or at any time during the 12-month period preceding the sale. A "significant shareholder" is defined in general as shareholder who holds, either directly or indirectly, alone or together with another, at least 10% of any form of a means of control in a company. The term "together with another" means together with a relative, or together with someone who is not a relative with which the individual, either directly or indirectly, has a regular cooperative agreement regarding the affairs of the company.
 
 Companies:
 
 The real capital gain on the sale of securities by a company will be taxed at the corporate tax rate applicable during the year of sale, as follows: 2010 – 25%, 2011 – 24%, 2012 – 23%, 2013 – 22%, 2014 – 21%, 2015 – 20%, 2016 – 18%.
  Companies that prior to January 1, 2006 were not subject to the Income Tax Law (Adjustments for Inflation) – 1985, were taxed at a rate of 25% upon the capital gain on the sale of securities in the period 2006-2009.  Based on part 5 of the income tax ordinance instructions and on revision number 147, the real capital gain on the sale and/or redemption of securities by us in connection with this Annual Report will be subject to taxation at the corporate tax rate stated in section 126(A) of the income tax ordinance. This tax rate will gradually decrease to a rate of 18% for the tax year 2016 and for each tax year thereafter.
  Non-Israeli residents:
 
 Generally speaking, Non-residents of Israel will be exempt from capital gain tax in relation to the sale of ordinary shares traded in a stock exchange as long as (a) the capital gains are not accrued or derived by the nonresident shareholder’s permanent establishment in Israel, (b) the ordinary shares in relation to which the capital gains are derived were acquired by the nonresident after the initial listing of the ordinary shares and (c) neither the shareholder nor the capital gain is subject to certain sections of the Israeli income tax ordinance.
 
 78
 
 However, non-Israeli corporations will not be entitled to such exemption if an Israeli resident (i) has a controlling interest of 25% or more in such non-Israeli corporation, or (ii) is the beneficiary or is entitled to 25% or more of the revenues or profits of such non-Israeli corporation, whether directly or indirectly.
 
 In addition, pursuant to the Income Tax Treaty between Israel and the U.S. (the “Tax Treaty”), gains derived from the sale, exchange or disposition of our ordinary shares by a person who qualifies as a resident of the U.S. within the meaning of the Tax Treaty and who is entitled to claim the benefits afforded to US residents under the Tax Treaty, referred to as a Treaty US Resident, would not be subject to Israeli capital gains tax, unless such US Resident owned, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting power of our company at any time during the 12-month period preceding such sale, exchange or disposition.
 
 In some instances where our shareholders may be liable to Israeli tax on the sale of their ordinary shares, the payment of the consideration may be subject to the withholding of Israeli tax at the source. However, under the Tax Treaty, such U.S. resident would be permitted to claim a credit for such taxes against the U.S. federal income tax imposed with respect to such sale, exchange or disposition, subject to the limitations in U.S. laws applicable to foreign tax credits. The Tax Treaty does not relate to U.S. state or local taxes.
 
 U.S. Federal Income Taxation
 
 General
 
 The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares and warrants. The following discussion is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department (including proposed and temporary regulations), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Such change could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences described below. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below.
 
 This discussion does not address state, local, or foreign tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and warrants. (See “Israeli Taxation” above).
 
 This summary is for general information only and does not address all aspects of the U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular holder in light of its investment or tax circumstances or to holders subject to special tax rules, such as:  banks; financial institutions; insurance companies; dealers in stocks, securities, or currencies; traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings; tax-exempt organizations; real estate investment trusts; regulated investment companies; qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, and other tax-deferred accounts; expatriates of the U.S.; persons subject to the alternative minimum tax; persons holding ordinary shares or warrants as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction, or other integrated transaction; persons who acquired ordinary shares or warrants pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation for services; persons actually or constructively holding 10% or more of our voting stock; and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar.
 
 This discussion is not a comprehensive description of all of the U.S. federal tax consequences that may be relevant with respect to the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares and warrants. We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances and the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences to you of owning and disposing of our ordinary shares and warrants, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, or foreign or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws.
 
 This summary only addresses ordinary shares and warrants that are held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, which generally means as property held for investment, and were acquired upon original issuance at their initial public offering price. For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares and warrants that is any of the following:
 
 ·
a citizen or resident of the U.S. or someone treated as a U.S. citizen or resident for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
  79
  ·
a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
 ·
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source;
 ·
a trust if a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust; or
 ·
a trust in existence on August 20, 1996 that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
 
 The term “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares and warrants that is not a U.S. Holder. As described in “Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders” below, the tax consequences to a Non-U.S. Holder may differ substantially from the tax consequences to a U.S. Holder.
 
 If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares and warrants, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of our ordinary shares and warrants that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares and warrants.
 
 Taxation of U.S. Holders
 
 The discussion in “Distributions on Ordinary Shares” and “Dispositions of Ordinary Shares or Warrants” below assumes that we will not be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For a discussion of the rules that apply if we are treated as a PFIC, see the discussion in “Passive Foreign Investment Company” below.
 
 Distributions on Ordinary Shares
 
 General. Subject to the discussion in “Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, if you actually or constructively receive a distribution on ordinary shares, you must include the distribution in gross income as a taxable dividend on the date of your receipt of the distribution, but only to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as calculated under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such amount must be included without reduction for any Israeli tax withheld. Dividends paid by us generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations with respect to dividends received from certain domestic corporations. Dividends paid by us may or may not be eligible for preferential rates applicable to qualified dividend income, as described below.
 
 To the extent a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares, and thereafter as capital gain. Preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain may be applicable to non-corporate U.S. Holders.
 
 We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be reported as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
 
 Qualified Dividend Income.  With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders (i.e., individuals, trusts, and estates), for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, dividends that are treated as qualified dividend income (“QDI”) are taxable at a maximum tax rate of 15%. Among other requirements, dividends generally will be treated as QDI if either (i) our ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S., or (ii) we are eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the U.S. which includes an information exchange program and which is determined to be satisfactory by the U.S. Treasury. For example, it is expected that our ordinary shares will be “readily tradable” if as a result of being listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market.
 
 In addition, for dividends to be treated as QDI, we must not be a PFIC (as discussed below) for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year. We do not believe that we will be a PFIC for our current taxable year.However, please see the discussion under “Passive Foreign Investment Company” below. Additionally, in order to qualify for QDI treatment, you generally must have held the ordinary shares for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days prior to the ex-dividend date. However, your holding period will be reduced for any period during which the risk of loss is diminished.
 
 Moreover, a dividend will not be treated as QDI to the extent you are under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Since the QDI rules are complex, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the availability of the preferential tax rates for dividends paid on ordinary shares.
 
 80
 
 Foreign Currency Distributions.  We have the right to pay dividends in Israeli currency. A dividend paid in Israeli currency must be included in your income as a U.S. dollar amount based on the exchange rate in effect on the date such dividend is received, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the dividend is converted to U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, you generally will not recognize a foreign currency gain or loss. However, if you convert the foreign currency into U.S. dollars on a later date, you must include in income any gain or loss resulting from any exchange rate fluctuations. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between (i) the U.S. dollar value of the amount you included in income when the dividend was received and (ii) the amount that you receive on the conversion of the foreign currency into U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss will generally be ordinary income or loss and U.S. source for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
 
 In-Kind Distributions.  Distributions to you of new ordinary shares or rights to subscribe for new ordinary shares that are received as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. The adjusted tax basis of the new ordinary shares or rights so received will be determined by allocating your adjusted tax basis in the old ordinary shares between the old ordinary shares and the new ordinary shares or rights received, based on their relative fair market values on the date of distribution. However, in the case of a distribution of rights to subscribe for ordinary shares, the adjusted tax basis of the new rights will be zero if the fair market value of the new rights is less than 15% of the fair market value of the old ordinary shares on the date of distribution and you do not make an election to determine the adjusted tax basis of the rights by allocation as described above. Your holding period for the new ordinary shares or rights will generally include the holding period for the old ordinary shares on which the distribution was made.
 
 Foreign Tax Credits.  Subject to certain conditions and limitations, including potential limitations under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, Israeli taxes paid on or withheld from distributions from us and not refundable to you may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability or, alternatively, may be deducted from your taxable income. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid by you or withheld from you that year.
 
 Distributions will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The foreign tax credit limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, distributions characterized as dividends distributed by us will generally constitute “passive category income” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category income.”  Special limitations may apply if a dividend is treated as QDI (as defined above).
 
 Special rules may apply to individuals whose foreign source income during the taxable year consists entirely of “qualified passive income” and whose creditable foreign taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year do not exceed $300 ($600 in the case of a joint return).
 
 Since the rules governing foreign tax credits are complex, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in your particular circumstances.
 
 Exercise or Lapse of Warrants
 
 Upon the exercise of our warrants, a U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss and will have a tax basis in the ordinary shares received equal to the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrant plus the exercise price of the warrant. The holding period for the shares purchased pursuant to the exercise of a warrant will begin on the day following the date of exercise and will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the warrant. If a warrant lapses unexercised, a U.S. Holder will recognize a capital loss in an amount equal to its tax basis in the warrant. Such loss will be long-term if the warrant has been held for more than one year. See “Disposition of Ordinary Shares or Warrants” below for a discussion of capital gains tax rates and limitations on deductions for losses. The loss will generally be from U.S. sources, but the loss may be from a non-U.S. source under some circumstances under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty. U.S. Holders should consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the sourcing of any losses due to the lapse of our warrants before exercise.
 
 Dispositions of Ordinary Shares or Warrants
 
 Subject to the discussion in “Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, you generally will recognize taxable gain or loss realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares or warrants equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of (i) the amount realized on the disposition (i.e., the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received), and (ii) your adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares or warrants. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss.
 
 If you have held the ordinary shares or warrants for more than one year at the time of disposition, such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss. Preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain (currently, with a maximum rate of 15% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011) will apply to non-corporate U.S. Holders. If you have held the ordinary shares or warrants for one year or less, such capital gain or loss will be short-term capital gain or loss taxable as ordinary income at your marginal income tax rate. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
 
 81
 
 Generally, any gain or loss recognized will not give rise to foreign source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, unless a different result is achieved under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the effect of such treaty on the source of
 income.
 
 You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences if you receive currency other than U.S. dollars upon the disposition of ordinary shares or warrants.
 
 Passive Foreign Investment Company
 
 We generally will be a PFIC under Section 1297 of the Code if, for a taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such taxable year is passive income (the “income test”) or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly percentage, generally determined by fair market value, of our assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). “Passive income” includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.
 
 Certain “look through” rules apply for purposes of the income and asset tests described above. If we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the total value of the outstanding shares of another foreign corporation, we will be treated as if we (a) held directly a proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets, and (b) received directly a proportionate share of the other corporation’s income. In addition, passive income does not include any interest, dividends, rents, or royalties that are received or accrued by us from a “related person” (as defined in Section 954(d)(3) of the Code), to the extent such items are properly allocable to income of such related person that is not passive income.
 
 Under the income and asset tests, whether or not we are a PFIC will be determined annually based upon the composition of our income and the composition and valuation of our assets, all of which are subject to change. In determining that we are not a PFIC, we are relying on our projected revenues and projected capital expenditures. If our actual revenues and capital expenditures do not match our projections, we may become a PFIC. For example, if we do not spend enough of the cash (a passive asset) we raise from any financing transactions we may undertake, the relative percentage of our passive assets will increase. In addition, our determination is based on a current valuation of our assets, including goodwill, if exist. In calculating goodwill, we should value our total assets based on our market capitalization, determined using the market price of our ordinary shares. Such market price may fluctuate. If our market capitalization is less than anticipated or subsequently declines, this will decrease the value of our goodwill and we may become a PFIC. Furthermore, we may make a number of assumptions regarding the amount of value allocable to goodwill. However, it is possible that the IRS will challenge such valuation of goodwill, which may result in our being a PFIC.
 
 We do not believe that we are currently a PFIC. However, because the PFIC determination is highly fact intensive and made at the end of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year or that the IRS will not challenge our determination concerning our PFIC status. If we determine that we are a PFIC, we will take reasonable steps to notify you.
 
 Default PFIC Rules under Section 1291 of the Code. If we are a PFIC, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and warrants will depend on whether such U.S. Holder makes an election to treat us as a qualified electing fund (“QEF”) under Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF Election”) or a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Code (a “Mark-to-Market Election”). A U.S. Holder owning ordinary shares and warrants while we were or are a PFIC that has not made either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election will be referred to in this summary as a “Non-Electing U.S. Holder.”
 
 If you are a Non-Electing U.S. Holder, you will be subject to the default tax rules of Section 1291 of the Code with respect to:
 
 ·
any “excess distribution” paid on ordinary shares and warrants, which means any distribution received by you which, together with all other distributions received in the current taxable year, exceeds 125% of the average distributions received by you during the three preceding taxable years (or during your holding period for the ordinary shares and warrants, if shorter); and
 ·
any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition (including a pledge) of ordinary shares and warrants.
  82
 
 Under these default tax rules:
 
 ·
any excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ordinary shares and warrants;
 ·
the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any period prior to the first day of the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income in the current year;
 ·
the amount allocated to each of the other years will be treated as ordinary income and taxed at the highest applicable tax rate in effect for that year; and
 ·
the resulting tax liability from any such prior years will be subject to the interest charge applicable to underpayments of tax.
 
 In addition, notwithstanding any election you may make, dividends that you receive from us will not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to QDI (as discussed above in “Distributions on Ordinary Shares”) if we are a PFIC either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but will instead be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.
 
 Special rules for Non-Electing U.S. Holders will apply to determine U.S. foreign tax credits with respect to withholding taxes imposed on distributions on ordinary shares.
 
 If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold ordinary shares or warrants, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to you for all succeeding years during which you hold ordinary shares or warrants, regardless of whether we actually continue to be a PFIC. You may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the default tax rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above) as if your ordinary shares or warrants had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year for which we were a PFIC.
 
 If we are a PFIC in any year with respect to you, you will be required to file an annual return on IRS Form 8621 regarding distributions received on ordinary shares and any gain realized on the disposition of ordinary shares or warrants.
 
 QEF Election.  If you make a QEF Election, you generally will not be subject to the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above. Instead, you will be subject to current U.S. federal income tax on your pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to you by us. However, you can make a QEF Election only if we agree to furnish you annually with certain tax information, and we currently do not intend to prepare or provide such information.
 
 Mark-to-Market Election.  U.S. Holders may make a Mark-to-Market Election, but only if the ordinary shares are marketable stock. The ordinary shares will be “marketable stock” as long as they listed on NASDAQ, and are regularly traded. Stock is “regularly traded” for any calendar year during which it is traded (other than in de minimis quantities) on at least fifteen days during each calendar quarter. There can be no assurances, however, that our ordinary shares will be treated, or continue to be treated, as regularly traded.
 
 If the ordinary shares are marketable stock and you make a Mark-to-Market Election, you generally will not be subject to the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above. Rather, you generally will be required to recognize ordinary income for any increase in the fair market value of the ordinary shares and warrants for each taxable year that we are a PFIC. You will also be allowed to deduct as an ordinary loss any decrease in the fair market value to the extent of net marked-to-market gain previously included in prior years. Your adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares and warrants will be adjusted to reflect the amount included or deducted.
 
 The Mark-to-Market Election will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years, unless the ordinary shares and warrants cease to be marketable stock or the IRS consents to the revocation of the election. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election.
 
 Since the PFIC rules are complex, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding them and how they may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and warrants.
 
 Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
 
 Generally, information reporting requirements will apply to distributions on ordinary shares or proceeds on the disposition of ordinary shares and warrants paid within the U.S. (and, in certain cases, outside the U.S.) to U.S. Holders other than certain exempt recipients, such as corporations. Furthermore, backup withholding (currently at 28%) may apply to such amounts if the U.S. Holder fails to (i) provide a correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) report interest and dividends required to be shown on its U.S. federal income tax return, or (iii) make other appropriate certifications in the required manner. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on IRS Form W-9.
 
 83
 
 Backup withholding is not an additional tax.  Amounts withheld as backup withholding from a payment to you may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information in a timely manner.
 
 Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
 
 Distributions on Ordinary Shares
 
 Subject to the discussion in “Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” below, as a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on distributions received on ordinary shares, unless the distributions are effectively connected with a trade or business that you conduct in the U.S. and (if an applicable income tax treaty so requires) attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the U.S.
 
 If distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and (if applicable) attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment, you generally will be subject to tax on such distributions in the same manner as a U.S. Holder, as described in “Taxation of U.S. Holders – Distributions on Ordinary Shares” above. In addition, any such distributions received by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
 
 Dispositions of Ordinary Shares and Warrants
 
 Subject to the discussion in “Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” below, as a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on any gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares and warrants, unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business that you conduct in the U.S. and (if an applicable income tax treaty so requires) attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the U.S., or (ii) you are an individual and are present in the U.S. for at least 183 days in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain other conditions are present.
 
 If you meet the test in clause (i) above, you generally will be subject to tax on any gain that is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. in the same manner as a U.S. Holder, as described in “Taxation of U.S. Holders – Dispositions of Ordinary Shares and Warrants” above. Effectively connected gain realized by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
 
 If you meet the test in clause (ii) above, you generally will be subject to tax at a 30% rate on the amount by which your U.S. source capital gain exceeds your U.S. source capital loss.
 
 Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
 
 Payments to Non-U.S. Holders of distributions on, or proceeds from the disposition of, ordinary shares and warrants are generally exempt from information reporting and backup withholding. However, a Non-U.S. Holder may be required to establish that exemption by providing certification of non-U.S. status on an appropriate IRS Form W-8.
 
 Backup withholding is not an additional tax.  Amounts withheld as backup withholding from a payment to you may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information in a timely manner.
  F.
Dividends and Paying Agent
 
 Not applicable.
 
 G.
Statement by Experts
 
 Not applicable.
 
 84
  H.
Documents on Display
 
 We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, applicable to foreign private issuers. We, as a “foreign private issuer,” are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to their purchases and sales of shares. In addition, we are not required to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we will file with the SEC, commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2011 within four months after the end of each fiscal year, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm. We also intend to furnish quarterly reports on Form 6-K containing unaudited interim financial information for the first three quarters of each fiscal year, within 90 days after the end of such quarter.
 
 You may read and copy any document we file or furnish with the SEC at reference facilities at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities. You can review our SEC filings and the registration statement by accessing the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
 
 I.
Subsidiary Information
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 11.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
 Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market Risk
 
 The primary objective of our investment activities, if any, is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities in which we may invest may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates and foreign currency rates against the NIS may cause the value of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we purchase a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the value of our investment will probably decline. To minimize this risk, we may maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of securities, including U.S. dollars, NIS bank deposits, money market funds and government and non-government debt securities. In general, money market funds are not subject to market risk because the interest paid on such funds fluctuates with the prevailing interest rate.
 
 Our financial market risk includes risks related to international operations and related foreign currencies. We anticipate that sales outside of North America will continue to account for a significant portion of our consolidated revenue in 2011. To date, most of our sales have been valued in dollars. In future periods, we expect our sales to continue to be principally valued in dollars, narrowing foreign currency exchange risk.
 
 We value part of our expenses in some of our international operations, such as Israel, in each country's local currency, and therefore are subject to foreign currency exchange risk. However, through December 31, 2010, we have not experienced any significant negative impact on our operations as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; we have incurred an expense of $57,000 in the year ended December 31, 2010 due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. We do not use financial instruments to hedge operating expenses in Israel that are valued in local currency. We intend to continue to assess the need to utilize financial instruments to hedge currency exposures on an ongoing basis.
 
 We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, nor do we hedge our foreign currency exposure to offset the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates.
 
 Our exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our credit facility. At December 31, 2010, our financial market risk related to this debt was immaterial. Our general policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk.
 
 Foreign currency risk
 
 Most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and we incur most of our expenses in U.S. dollars and Israeli Shekels. According to the salient economic factors indicated in ASC Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” our cash flow, sale price, sales market, expense, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangement indicators are predominantly denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, the U.S. dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which we operate, and thus the U.S. dollar is our functional and reporting currency.
 
 85
 
 In our balance sheet, we remeasure into U.S. dollars all monetary accounts (principally cash and cash equivalents and liabilities) that are maintained in other currencies. For this remeasurement we use the foreign exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Any gain or loss that results from this remeasurement is reflected in the statement of income as financial income or financial expense, as appropriate.
 
 We measure and record non-monetary accounts in our balance sheet (principally fixed assets, prepaid expenses and share capital) in U.S. dollars. For this measurement we use the U.S. dollar value in effect at the date that the asset or liability was initially recorded in our balance sheet (the date of the transaction).
 
 ITEM 12.   Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities.
 
 Not applicable.
 
 PART II
 
 ITEM 13.   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.
 
 A.
As of the filing date of this annual report, we were not in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds with respect to bonds held by SSF due to the legal proceeding held in the District Court in connection with our petition for the Creditor Arrangement (see also Item 4.A under the caption “Recent Developments” and Item 5.B under the caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources”).
 
 B.
None.
 
 ITEM 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.
 
 A.
None.
 
 B.
None.
 
 C.
Not applicable.
 
 D.
No changes.
 
 E.
None.
 
 ITEM 15.   Controls and Procedures.
 
 Disclosure controls and procedures
 
 Our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2010. Our disclosure controls and procedures include components of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2010, were not effective due solely to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as described below in “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”.
 
 Disclosure controls and procedures are our controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
 In light of this material weakness, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that the consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, management believes that the consolidated financial statements included in this report present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period presented.
 
 86
 
 Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and includes policies and procedures that:
 
 ·
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and asset dispositions;
 ·
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 ·
provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board of Directors (as appropriate); and
 ·
provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
 
 Our management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, the end of our fiscal year. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled “Internal Control – Integrated Framework.”
 
 Based on that assessment, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as a result of insufficient resources and personnel to properly segregate duties in our finance department, resulting in a material weakness in the financial statement closing process.
 
 Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to provide an attestation on management’s report on internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, this Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to amendments to the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commissionthat wereadopted in order to conform them to Section 404(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as added by Section 989G of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
 
 Inherent limitations on effectiveness of controls.
 
 Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
 
 Changes in internal controls over financial reporting
 
 During the year ended December 31, 2010, due to the continued reductions in headcount and substitutions of employees in our finance department, we have made adjustments to internal control over financial reporting. Such adjustments are not deemed by our management to materially affect, or to reasonably be likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
 
 ITEM 16.     Reserved
 
 ITEM 16A.  Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
 Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Cohen and Mr. Bejamin, are an “audit committee financial expert.”
  ITEM 16B.  Code of Ethics
 
 Our Board of Directors adopted a code of ethics that applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer (if any), director of finance, controller, and other persons performing similar functions a copy of which is previously filed and incorporated by reference to this Annual Report. A copy of our code of ethics will be provided, without charge, upon written request of any person delivered as follows: Sagid House “Ha’Sharon Industrial Park” P.O.B 5039, Qadima 60920 Israel.
 
 87
 
 ITEM 16C.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
 The following table presents the fees to our external auditors for professional services rendered in the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010:
 
 2009


2010Audit Fees

$
83,000


$
75,000Audit-Related Fees


-



-Tax Fees

$
7,000


$
3,000Total

$
90,000


$
78,000
 
 Pre-Approval Policies for Non-Audit Services
  The audit committee has adopted policies and procedures relating to the approval of all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed by our independent auditors. These policies generally provide that we will not engage our independent auditors to render audit or non-audit services unless the service is specifically approved in advance by the Audit Committee or the engagement is entered into pursuant to the pre-approval procedure described below.
  From time to time, the audit committee may pre-approve specified types of services that are expected to be provided to us by our independent auditors during the next 12 months. Any such pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or type of services to be provided and is also generally subject to a maximum dollar amount.
 
 ITEM 16D.  Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
 None.
 
 PART III
 
 ITEM 17.   Financial Statements.
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 18.   Financial Statements.
  88
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2010
 
 IN U.S. DOLLARS
 
 INDEX
 
 PageReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F - 2Consolidated Balance Sheets
F - 3 – F -  4Consolidated Statements of Operations
F - 5Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit
F - 6Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
F - 7 – F - 8Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F - 9 – F - 48
  
 
 
 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT

REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF

VUANCE LTD.
Fahn Kanne & Co.

Head Office

Levinstein Tower

23 Menachem Begin Road

Tel-Aviv 66184, ISRAEL

P.O.B. 36172, 61361



T +972 3 7106666

F +972 3 7106660

www.gtfk.co.il
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vuance Ltd. (the "Company") and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
  We did not audit the financial statements of Supercom Asia Pacific Limited (Supercom Asia Pacific), a subsidiary, which statements reflect total revenues of 1.6% of the related consolidated totals for the year ended December 31, 2008. Those financial statements were audited by other auditors, whose report thereon have been furnished to us. Our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Supercom Asia Pacific, is based solely on the report of the other auditors.
  We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
  In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of the other auditors, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Vuance Ltd and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations, and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
  The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1f to the financial statement, the Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and, as of December 31, 2010, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $49,344 thousands and total shareholders' deficit of $7,871 thousands. These conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 1f, raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans in regards to these matters are also described in Note 1f. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 FAHN KANNE & CO.
 Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
  Tel-Aviv, ISRAEL
 June 13, 2011
  F - 2
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 U.S. dollars in thousands
  December 31,2009


2010ASSETSCURRENT ASSETS:Cash and cash equivalents

$
656


$
197Restricted cash deposits


330



130Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 3,470

and $ 1,553 as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively)


857



752Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses


315



388Inventories, net


82



197Assets attributed to discontinued operations


1,996



-Total current assets


4,236



1,664SEVERANCE PAY FUND


283



234PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET


157



110OTHER ASSETS, NET


6



-Total assets

$
4,682


$
2,008
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 3
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data
 
 December 31,2009


2010LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)CURRENT LIABILITIES:Trade payables

$
982


$
973Employees and payroll accruals


462



151Advances from customer


37



1,010Accrued expenses and other liabilities


2,822



2,244Convertible bonds


430



122Liabilities attributed to discontinued operations


1,599



-Total current liabilities


6,332



4,500LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:Convertible bonds


2,624



2,866Long-term loan and others


1,693



2,259Accrued severance pay


304



254Total long-term liabilities


4,621



5,379COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIESSHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT:Share capital:Ordinary shares of NIS 0.0588235 par value -Authorized: 12,000,000 and 52,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively;Issued and outstanding: 5,724,421 and 7,280,821 shares as of December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively


89



113Additional paid-in capital


41,019



41,360Accumulated deficit


(47,379
)


(49,344
)Total shareholders' deficit


(6,271
)


(7,871
)Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit

$
4,682


$
2,008
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 4
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data
 Year ended

December 31,2008


2009


2010Revenues

$
18,112


$
9,304


$
7,389Cost of revenues


6,945



3,365



2,057Gross profit


11,167



5,939



5,332Operating expenses:Research and development


1,738



898



386Selling and marketing


9,905



5,131



4,405General and administrative


2,611



1,648



1,985Other (income) expenses


8



130



(396
)Total operating expenses


14,262



7,807



6,380Operating loss


(3,095
)


(1,868
)


(1,048
)Financial expenses, net


(3,087
)


(620
)


(678
)Loss before income tax


(6,182
)


(2,488
)


(1,726
)Income tax


(137
)


(71
)


(50
)Net loss from continuing operations


(6,319
)


(2,559
)


(1,776
)Loss from discontinued operations


(6,039
)


(2,526
)


(189
)Net loss

$
(12,358
)

$
(5,085
)

$
(1,965
)Loss per share - basic and diluted:Loss per share from continuing operations

$
(1.22
)

$
(0.46
)

$
(0.29
)Loss per share from discontinued operations

$
(1.17
)

$
(0.46
)

$
(0.03
)Net loss per share

$
(2.39
)

$
(0.92
)

$
(0.32
)Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share


5,171,406



5,511,948



6,177,862
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 5
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
 U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data
 Ordinary sharesNumber

of Shares


Share

capital


Additional

paid-in

capital


Accumulated

Deficit


Total

comprehensive

loss


Total

shareholders'

deficitBalance as of January 1, 2008


5,124,779


$
80


$
39,089


$
(29,936
)




$
9,233Issuance of shares (see Note 14c)


108,063



2



247



-



-



249Exercise of options


27,032



-
*


8



-



-



8Beneficial conversion feature on

convertible bond terms


-



-



94



-



-



94Stock- based compensation


-



-



907



-



-



907Net loss


-



-



-



(12,358
)

$
(12,358
)


(12,358
)Total comprehensive loss

















$
(12,358
)Balance as of December 31, 2008


5,259,874


$
82


$
40,345


$
(42,294
)





$
(1,867
)Issuance of shares in connection withacquisition

of Intelli-Site (see Note 1a)


202,626



3



68



-



-



71Issuance of shares (see Note 14c)


168,865



3



60



-



-



63Exercise of options


93,056



1



-



-



-



1Beneficial conversion feature on

convertible bond terms


-



-



24



-



-



24Stock- based compensation


-



-



522



-



-



522Net loss


-



-



-



(5,085
)

$
(5,085
)


(5,085
)Total comprehensive loss

















$
(5,085
)Balance as of December 31, 2009


5,724,421


$
89


$
41,019


$
(47,379
)





$
(6,271
)Issuance of shares in connection with acquisition

of Intelli-Site (see Note 1a)


6,932



-
*


-



-



-



-
*Issuance of shares (see Note 14f)


1,538,461



24



176



-



-



200Exercise of options


11,007



-
*


-



-



-



-
*Warrants issued in connection with extinguishments

of liabilities (see Note 1d)


-



-



147



-



-



147Stock- based compensation


-



-



18



-



-



18Net loss


-



-



-



(1,965
)

$
(1,965
)


(1,965
)Total comprehensive loss

















$
(1,965
)Balance as of December 31, 2010


7,280,821


$
113


$
41,360


$
(49,344
)





$
(7,871
)
  *Less than $1.
 
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 6
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 U.S. dollars in thousands
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Cash flows from operating activities:Net loss

$
(12,358
)

$
(5,085
)

$
(1,965
)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Depreciation and amortization


651



708



53Impairment loss


3,235



1,119



-Accrued severance pay


16



(74
)


(47
)Stock-based compensation


907



522



18Amortization of discount on convertible bonds


810



-



20Amortization of deferred charges


159



-



-Realized loss from sale of marketable securities


862



-



-Exchange differences on principal of long-term loan


5



-



-Capital gain from sale of subsidiary (Appendix C)


-



-



(272
)Capital gain from extinguishments of liabilities


-



-



(124
)Decrease (increase) in trade receivables


1,610



(667
)


105Decrease (increase) in other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses


1,373



644



(105
)Decrease (increase) in inventories


(1,001
)


1,008



(132
)Increase (decrease) in trade payables


216



163



(2
)Increase (decrease) in employees and payroll accruals


(86
)


215



(311
)Increase (decrease) in advances from customer


(2,813
)


(1,484
)


973Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities


1,150



1,270



577Net cash used in operating activities


(5,264
)


(1,661
)


(1,212
)Cash flows from investing activities:Purchase of property and equipment


(73
)


(100
)


(4
)Acquisition of operation net of cash acquired (Appendix A)


-



-



-Proceeds from sale of operations net of cash disposed (Appendix B)


-



-



397Sale of subsidiary net of cash disposed (Appendix C)


-



-



(3
)Decrease (increase) in severance pay fund


(5
)


31



49Restricted cash deposits, net


1,022



1,745



200Proceeds from sale of marketable securities


3,192



-



-Net cash provided by investing activities


4,136



1,676



639Cash flows from financing activities:Short-term bank credit, net


254



(9
)


-Principle repayment of convertible bonds


-



(79
)


(86
)Issuance of share capital, net of issuance costs


2



3



200Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants, net


8



1



-
*Payment of liability to a former owner of an acquiree


-



(87
)


-Principal repayment of long-term loan


(438
)


-



-Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities


(174
)


(171
)


114Decrease in cash and cash equivalents


(1,302
)


(156
)


(459
)Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year


2,114



812



656Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

$
812


$
656


$
197
 
 *Less than $1.
 
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 7
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands
  Year ended

December 31,2008


2009


2010Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information:Appendix A:Acquisition of operation net of cash acquired:Assets and liabilities of the operation, as of date of purchase:Working capital (excluding cash and cash equivalents)


-


$
(62
)


-Property and equipment, net


-



(4
)


-Intangible assets, net


-



(313
)


-Shares issued


-



68



-Liabilities to former owner of the acquiree (*)


-



311



-$
-


$
-


$
-
 
 (*) Including $68 which represents the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration to the former owners.
 
 Appendix B:Sale of operations net of cash sold:Assets and liabilities of the operations, as of date of sale:Working capital (excluding cash and cash equivalents)


-



-


$
(208
)Property and equipment, net


-



-



88Intangible assets, net


-



-



517$
-


$
-


$
397
 
 Appendix C:Sale of subsidiary net of cash sold:Assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, as of date of sale:Working capital (excluding cash and cash equivalents)


-



-


$
(276
)Property and equipment, net


-



-



4Long-term liability


-



-



(3
)Capital gain from sale of subsidiary


-



-



272$
-


$
-


$
(3
)
 
 Cash paid during the year for:Interest

$
171


$
109


$
-Income taxes, net

$
137


$
31


$
50
  Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:Extinguishments of liabilities (see Note 1d)


-



-


$
147Issuance of shares to service providers and officer

$
247


$
63


$
-
 
 1.
During 2008, additional goodwill in an amount of $276 was recorded with respect to the acquisition of SHC, as a result of clarification of certain provisions of the acquired entity.
 2.
During 2008, a modification of terms of convertible bonds with principal amount of $2,500 was determined to be a debt extinguishment.
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
  F - 8
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 1:-
GENERAL
  a.
Vuance Ltd. (the “Company") was incorporated in 1988 in Israel. The Company’s ordinary shares have been listed for trade on the Euronext Brussels stock market since October 23, 2003. The Company applied for delisting of its shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and its application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008. Since November 5, 2004, the Company’s ordinary shares have also traded on the OTC Bulletin Board. Since August 23, 2007, the ordinary shares of the Company were approved for trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “VUNC” and trading of the stock on the OTC Bulletin Board ceased.



On September 29, 2009, the Company received a NASDAQ Staff Determination letter indicating that the Company failed to comply with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement of $2.5 million as set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b) (formerly Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(3)).  As a result, NASDAQ has notified the Company that its securities will be delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market and trading in the Company's shares will be suspended effective at the open of business on October 1, 2009.



Following the delisting from the NASDAQ as of the open of business on October 1, 2009 the Company had been advised by Pink OTC Markets Inc., which operates an electronic quotation service for securities traded over-the-counter, that its securities are immediately eligible for quotation in the Pink Sheets. The Company's common stock is quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF”.



Until January 2010 (the date of the sale of the activities as described below in Note 1b), the Company developed and marketed security solutions for viewing, tracking, locating, credentialing, and managing essential assets and personnel, which encompassed electronic access control, urban security, and critical situation management systems as well as long-range Active RFID for public safety, commercial, and government sectors. Due to the sale of activities in January 2010, the Company is focusing on its active RFID products and existing e-ID projects. Regarding the e-ID activity after the sale of the e-ID Division to OTI in 2006, see below.



The Company is headquartered in Israel.



The Company sells its products through centralized marketing office in U.S and Israel.

The Company's subsidiaries includes: Vuance Inc. incorporated in the United States (see b2 below regarding the presentation of certain activity of Vuance Inc as discontinued operations), Vuance RFID Inc., (incorporated in Delaware) which focused until the end of 2007 on new technology and solutions for active tracking of people and objects, and commencing in 2008 until the fourth quarter of 2008 engaged in the distribution of locks (see b1 below regarding the presentation of certain activity of Vuance RFID as discontinued operations), S.B.C. Aviation Ltd., (incorporated in Israel) which began operations in 2007, and focused until 2009 on executing perimeter security and a border control project at a European International Airport, PureRFid, Inc. (incorporated in Delaware) which focuses on the marketing and selling of the Company’s active RFID solutions and until October 21, 2010 SuperCom Asia Pacific Limited incorporated in Hong Kong which focused on marketing (see c below). As of December 31, 2010, all the Company’s activities were concentrated mainly through Vuance Ltd. and PureRFid, Inc.
  F - 9
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 1:-
GENERAL (Cont.)
  a.
(cont.)



On July 3, 2007, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Vuance Inc., the Company entered into an agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Security Holding Corp. (“SHC”) from Homeland Security Capital Corporation (OTCBB: HOMS.OB) (“HMSC”) and other minority shareholders (collectively, “Sellers”) for approximately $4,335 in Vuance ordinary shares (and direct expenses of approximately $600). The closing date was August 28, 2007. SHC is a Delaware corporation engaged, directly and through its subsidiaries in the business of manufacturing and distributing RFID-enabled solutions, access control and security management systems. As consideration for the acquisition of SHC, the Company issued to the sellers 1,097,426 ordinary shares of the Company which were subject to certain lock up mechanism.  HMSC further agreed that at the Closing it will grant an irrevocable power of attorney to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, to exercise all voting rights related to its Vuance Shares until the sale or transfer of such Vuance Shares by HMSC to an unaffiliated third party in an arm’s-length transaction. According to the Purchase Agreement, the Company guaranteed all of the obligations of Vuance Inc under such agreement.



During the fourth quarter of 2007, the acquired companies (SHC and its subsidiaries) were merged into Vuance Inc.



On March 25, 2009, the Company, through its subsidiary, Vuance Inc., completed the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of Intelli-Site, Inc. (“Intelli-Site”). The purchase price was $262 payable in cash and in shares of the Company (which were subject to a certain lock up mechanism) and included a contingent consideration of up to $600 based upon certain conditions.



The results of operations of Intelli-Site were included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company commencing April, 2009. However, during the first quarter of 2010, this activity (including the contingent consideration related to it) was sold and presented among discontinued operations, see b below.



On November 8, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with On Track Innovations Ltd. ("OTI") (NASDAQ: OTIV), under which OTI agreed to acquire the assets of the Company’s e-ID Division (including, inventory, fixed assets and intangible assets) for consideration consisting of 2,827,200 restricted ordinary shares of OTI. The transaction was completed on December 31, 2006. At the closing, the parties entered into a service and supply agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to continue to provide services and receive revenues under certain existing ID and e-ID contracts for governmental and commercial projects in Europe, Asia and Africa. OTI agreed to serve as a subcontractor for these projects. The shares of OTI which were subject to certain lock-up agreement were sold by the Company during 2007 and 2008. See also Note 3 below.
  F - 10
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 NOTE 1:-
GENERAL (Cont.)
  b.
Discontinued operations
  1.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company ceased the operations of distribution of locks (which commenced during 2008). The assets attributed to this discontinued operations, mainly inventory, were sold during 2009.
  The results of the discontinued operation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, is presented below:
  Year ended December 31, 2008


Year ended December 31, 2009Revenues

$
5


$
156Cost of revenues

$
(4
)

$
(196
)Selling and marketing

$
(273
)

$
(25
)Net loss

$
(272
)

$
(65
)
  2.
On January 28, 2010 (the “Closing Date”), the Company and its subsidiary Vuance, Inc. completed the sale of certain of the assets (including certain accounts receivable and inventory) and certain of the liabilities (including certain accounts payable) of Vuance Inc. (the “Sale”) related to the Company's electronic access control market (the “Vuance EAC Business”), pursuant to a certain Agreement for Purchase and Sale of Business Assets (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated as of January 9, 2010 between Vuance Inc. and OLTIS Security Systems International, LLC (“OSSI”). On the Closing Date, as consideration for the Sale of the Vuance EAC Business, OSSI paid Vuance Inc. $147 in cash. In addition, OSSI paid off (the “Bridge Bank Payment”) a certain Business Financing Agreement (the “Loan”) between Vuance Inc. and Bridge Bank, National Association in an amount of $290. Further to the Bridge Bank Payment, the Loan was released, and the Company and Vuance Inc. no longer have any liabilities associated with the Loan. The Purchase Agreement includes an indemnification clause pursuant to which, Vuance Inc. agrees to indemnify and hold OSSI harmless from and against any claim or liability of Vuance Inc. or the Company, which may be asserted against OSSI, excepting only to the extent of any business debts and other liabilities which OSSI expressly agrees to pay or assume at the closing date.



On January 29, 2010 (the “Closing Date”), the Company and its subsidiary, Vuance, Inc., completed the sale of certain of the assets and certain of the liabilities of Vuance Inc. (the “Sale”) related to the Company's Government Services Division (the “Vuance CSMS Business”), pursuant to a certain asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated January 29, 2010 between the Company, Vuance Inc., WidePoint Corporation (“WidePoint”) and Advance Response Concepts Corporation.



On the Closing Date, as consideration for the Sale, WidePoint paid Vuance Inc. $250. In addition, WidePoint agreed to pay Vuance Inc. a maximum earn out of $1,500 over the course of the calendar years 2010, 2011, and 2012, subject to the performance of certain financial requirements of the Vuance CSMS Business during each of those years. The Purchase Agreement includes an indemnification clause pursuant to which, each of the parties shall indemnify and hold harmless the other party in the event of the existence of certain circumstances stipulated in the Purchase Agreement.
  F - 11
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 1:-
GENERAL (Cont.)
  b.
Discontinued operations (cont.)



The activities sold meet the definition of a component under ASC Topic 205-20. Due to the fact, that as of December 31, 2009, such components met the requirements to be classified as held for sale in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360-10, the results of operations of these components and the assets and liabilities attributed thereto were classified as discontinued operations. In addition, the results of operations for the prior period (2008), have been re-classified accordingly.
  The assets attributed to the discontinued operations are as follows:
  As of

December 31, 2009Restricted cash deposits


75Trade receivables


724Other account receivables


115Inventories, net


477Intangible assets, net


517
(*)Property and equipment, net


88Total

$
1,996
 
 (*)
Based on the consideration of the sale transaction and the fair value estimation of the components sold, the Company recognized in 2009 an impairment in a total amount of $1,119 with respect to the balance of goodwill attributed to the sold components ($685) and to certain other intangible assets.
  Following the sale of the activities and as of December, 31, 2010, the Company does not have any involvement with respect to the activities sold.



The liabilities attributed to the discontinued operations are as follows:
  As of

December 31, 2009Short-term bank credit

$
290Trade payables


907Accrued expenses and other liabilities


376Employee payroll accruals


26Total

$
1,599
  The results of the discontinued operations are as follows:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Revenues

$
2,541


$
4,944


$
541Cost of revenues


(1,507
)


(2,521
)


(497
)Research and development


(833
)


(930
)


(96
)Selling and marketing


(2,019
)


(1,950
)


(105
)General and administrative


(688
)


(761
)


(28
)Financial expenses


(26
)


(124
)


(4
)Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets


(3,235
)


(1,119
)


-Net loss

$
(5,767
)

$
(2,461
)

$
(189
)
  F - 12
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 1:-
GENERAL (Cont.)
 
 c.        Sale of subsidiary:
  During October 2010, the Company sold its entire equity interest in its wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, SuperCom Asia Pacific Limited (the “Subsidiary”), for no consideration. As part of this sale, the Company assigned to the purchaser certain outstanding loans due to the Company by the Subsidiary in the amount of $1,400. As result of the sale of the Subsidiary, the Company realized a capital gain of $272 in the fourth quarter of 2010.
  d.        Extinguishment of liabilities
  On November 3, 2010, the Company submitted to the district court in Petach-Tikva, Israel, a request to summon meetings of creditors of the Company, in order to approve a proposed arrangement between the Company and its creditors (including convertible bond holders) in accordance with Section 350 of the Israeli Companies Law 5759-1999. The proposed arrangement involves an allotment of ordinary shares or warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company to certain of its creditors, at a price of $0.09 per ordinary share against 40% of the total outstanding debt to the creditors, to the effect of total satisfaction of the entire debt owed to the Company’s creditors (thus forgiving and waiving 60% of the total outstanding debt of the Company). The proposed arrangement is based on the one which was approved by the general meeting of the shareholders dated September 12, 2010. The Company convened the meetings of its creditors to approve the proposed debt arrangement during February and March 2011. On March 15, 2011, the Company filed an application with the Petach-Tikva District Court, in Israel, for the approval of the creditor arrangement presented to creditors at the creditors' meetings.
  As of the Balance Sheet date, based on the opinion of its legal advisors, the Company has repaid certain creditors with total outstanding debt of $271, in connection with arrangements that are not subject to any further approvals or other conditions. The Company granted for those certain creditors a total of 1,206,142 warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company (see also Note 14f2). In accordance with ASC Topic 470-50-40,the Company recorded an amount of $124 as a gain from extinguishment of debts based on the difference between the carrying amount of the liabilities repaid ($271) and the fair value of the warrants granted ($147), which was credited directly to additional paid-in capital.
  As described above the Company proposed the same arrangement to certain other creditors with a total debt amount of approximately $5,954 as of December 31, 2010.
  The completion of such arrangement is subject to final approval of the District Court, pending the resolution by the District Court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by one of the Company’s creditors (see Note 13).
  e.        Concentration of risk that may have a significant impact on the Company:
  The Company derives most of its revenues from one major customer. See also Note 16c.
  The Company purchases certain services and products used by it to generate revenues in its projects and sales from several sole suppliers. Although there are only a limited number of manufacturers of those particular services and products, management believe that other suppliers could provide similar services and products on comparable terms without affecting operating results.
  F - 13
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 1:-
GENERAL (Cont.)
  f.
The Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. The Company had an operating cash flow deficit in each of the three years period ended December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $49,344 and the total shareholders' deficit amounted to $7,871. The Company incurred net losses of approximately $12,358, $5,085 and $1,965 in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The Company may continue to have an annual net operating losses and negative cash flows for the near future, and expects to spend significant amounts of capital to enhance its remaining products and services, develop further sales and operations and fund expansion. As a result, the Company will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability. Even if the Company does achieve profitability, the Company may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Continuation of the Company's current operations after utilizing its current cash reserves and other current assets is dependent upon the generation of additional financial resources. As described in Note 1d, the Company wishes to complete the creditors’ arrangement and also is seeking to raise funds either by equity issuances or by receiving banking credit lines. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("US GAAP").
 
 a.
Use of estimates:



The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As applicable to these consolidated financial statements, the most significant estimates and assumptions relate to allowances and contingencies.
  b.
Financial statements in U.S. dollars:



Most of the revenues of the Company and its subsidiaries are received in U.S. dollars. In addition, a substantial portion of the costs of the Company and its subsidiaries are incurred in U.S. dollars. Therefore, management believes that the dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate. Thus, the functional and reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar.



Monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are re-measured into U.S. dollars in accordance with the standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). All transaction gains and losses from the re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the statements of operations as financial income or financial expenses as appropriate.
  F - 14
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
  c.
Principles of consolidation:



The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries (unless the non-controlling shareholders have certain approval or veto rights) in Israel, the United States and Hong-Kong (see Note 1c). Material intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated upon consolidation. Material profits from intercompany sales, not yet realized outside the group, were also eliminated.
  d.
Cash and cash equivalents:



The Company considers unrestricted short-term highly liquid investments originally purchased with maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
  e.
Restricted cash deposits:



Restricted cash includes a deposit which is used to secure agreement with account payable.
  f.
Marketable securities:



The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with ASC Topic 320-10, "Investments - Debt and Equity Securities" (“ASC Topic 320-10”).Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable securities and commercial paper at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date.



The marketable securities held by the Company during 2008 consisted of marketable securities received in connection with the OTI transaction (see Note 1a). Such securities were classified as available-for-sale and were stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in "accumulated other comprehensive income". During 2008, the Company sold all its OTI’s shares and recognized a loss in an amount of $862.
  g.
Allowance for doubtful accounts:

The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to specific amounts the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection. In determining the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company considers, among other things, its past experience with such customers and the information available regarding such customers.
 
 h.
Inventories:



Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Inventory write-offs are mainly provided to cover risks arising from slow-moving items or technological obsolescence. Cost is determined as follows:



Raw materials, parts and supplies - using the “moving average cost" method or the “first in first out” method.



Finished products - on the basis of direct manufacturing costs
  i.
Investment in a certain majority-owned subsidiary:



The investment in a certain majority-owned company is presented using the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 323 -"Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures", due to substantive participation rights held by the minority, which impact the Company’s ability to exert control over the subsidiary. See Note 6.
 F - 15
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
  j.
Property and equipment:



Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.



Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, over the estimated useful lives, at the following annual rates:
  %Computers and peripheral equipment

33Office furniture and equipment

6 - 15Leasehold improvements

Over the shorter of the term of the lease or the life of the asset
 
 k.
Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets:



The Company's long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell.
  l.
Convertible Bonds:
  1.
Beneficial conversion feature:



The Company has considered the provisions of ASC Topic 815-40, "Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity", and determined that the embedded conversion feature of the convertible bonds should not be separated from the host instrument because it qualifies for equity classification. Furthermore, the Company applied ASC Topic 470-20, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options" which clarifies the accounting for instruments with beneficial conversion features or contingency adjustable conversion ratios.



The beneficial conversion feature has been calculated by allocating the proceeds received in financing transactions to the convertible instrument and to any detachable warrants included in the transaction, and by measuring the intrinsic value of the convertible instrument based on the effective conversion price as a result of the allocated proceeds.



The amount of the beneficial conversion feature with respect to convertible bonds was recorded as a discount on the convertible bonds with a corresponding amount credited directly to equity as additional paid-in capital. After the initial recognition, the discount on the convertible bonds is amortized as interest expenses over the term of the bonds.
  2.
Issuance costs of convertible bonds – deferred charges:



Costs incurred in respect of obtaining financing through issuance of convertible bonds were deferred and expensed as financing expenses over the contractual term of the bonds.
  F - 16
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
  l.
Convertible Bonds (cont.):
  3.
Modification (or exchange) of a convertible bonds



The Company applied the provisions of ASC Topic 470 - 50, "Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments", with respect to the modification of terms of convertible debt instruments. According to ASC Topic 470-50, the Company concluded that the modification of convertible bonds that occurred during November 2007 did not result in a debt extinguishment and the modification that occurred in June 2008, August 2009 and November 2009 was determined to be a debt extinguishment. See Note 13.
  4.
Refinance on a long-term basis



The Company applied the provisions of ASC Topic 470 – 10 – 45 “Debt – Other Presentation Matters” with respect to a financing agreement signed after the date of the balance sheet but before the issuance of the financial statements and accordingly, presented certain convertible bonds in a total amount of $4,262, as a long term liability.
  m.
Accrued severance pay and severance pay fund:



The liabilities of the Company for severance pay of its Israeli employees are calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law. Employees are entitled to one month's salary for each year of employment, or portion thereof. The Company's liability for all its employees is presented under "accrued severance pay". The Company deposits on a monthly basis to severance pay funds and insurance policies. The value of these policies is presented as an asset on the Company's balance sheet.



The deposited funds include accrued income up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the Company’s obligation pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law or labor agreements.



Severance expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to $108, $22 and $57, respectively.
  n.
Goodwill and Intangible assets:



Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives using the straight line method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise used up, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other".



Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a purchase business combination. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment at least annually or between annual tests, if certain events or indications of impairment occur. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. As required by ASC Topic 350, the Company compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value ("step 1"). If the fair value exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets, goodwill is considered not to be impaired, and no further testing is required. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then the implied fair value of goodwill is determined by subtracting the fair value of all the identifiable net assets from the fair value of the reporting unit. An impairment loss is recorded for the excess, if any, of the carrying value of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit over its implied fair value ("step 2").
  F - 17
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
  n. Goodwill and Intangible assets (cont.):
  During 2008, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill in an amount of $3,235. See Note 8.
  Due to the sale of activities in January 2010 (see Note 1b), the Company recorded in 2009 an impairment loss of the entire remaining balance of the goodwill which was attributed to the components sold in an amount of $685 and certain other intangible assets in an amount of $434.
  o.           Revenue recognition:
  The Company and its subsidiaries generate their revenues from the sale of products, maintenance, royalties and long term contracts (including training and installation).
  The sale of products involves the sale of active RFID products and existing e-ID project. The Company sells its products in the US through a local subsidiary, and directly in the rest of the world.
  Product sales are recognized in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB No. 104”), when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, collectability is probable, and inconsequential or perfunctory performance obligations remain. If the product requires specific customer acceptance, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs or the acceptance provision lapses.
  The Company recognized certain long-term contract revenues in accordance with ASC Topic 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts". Pursuant to ASC Topic 605-35, revenues from these contracts are recognized under the percentage of completion method.  The Company measures the percentage of completion based on output or input criteria, such as contract milestones, percentage of engineering completion or number of units shipped, as applicable to each contract. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made during the period in which such losses are first identified, in the amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract. As of December 31, 2010, no such estimated losses were identified. As of December 31, 2010, all the long-term contracts were completed and their related revenues were recognized in full.
  The Company believes that the use of the percentage of completion method is appropriate, since the Company has the ability, using also an independent subcontractor's evaluation, to make reasonably dependable estimates of the extent of progress made towards completion, contract revenues and contract costs.  In addition, contracts executed include provisions that clearly specify the enforceable rights of the parties to the contract, the consideration to be exchanged and the manner and terms of settlement. In all cases, the Company expects to perform its contractual obligations and the parties are expected to satisfy their obligations under the contract.
  In contracts that do not meet all the conditions mentioned above, the Company utilized zero estimates of profits; equal amounts of revenue and cost are recognized until results can be estimated with sufficient accuracy.
  Revenues and costs recognized pursuant to ASC Topic 605-35 on contracts in progress are subject to management estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
  The Company is not obligated to accept returned products or issue credit for returned products, unless a product return has been approved by the Company in advance and according to specific terms and conditions. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had an allowance for customer returns in the amount of $13.
  F - 18
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
 
 o.           Revenue recognition (cont.):
  The warranty period is usually 12 months. Based primarily on historical experience, the Company does not provide for warranty costs when revenue is recognized, since such costs are not material.
  Deferred revenues and customer advances include amounts received from customers for which revenues have not been recognized.
  p.           Shipping and handling costs:
  Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are reflected as revenues while the related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues. To date, shipping and handling costs have not been material.
  q.           Research and development costs:
  Research and development costs (other than software) are expensed as incurred.
  Research and development costs incurred in the process of software production before establishment of technological feasibility, are expensed as incurred. Costs of the production of a product master incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized according to the principles set forth in ASC Topic 985-20, "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed". Based on the Company's product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design or a working model.
  Capitalized software development costs are amortized on a product-by-product basis commencing with general product release by the greater of the amount computed using: (i) the ratio that current gross revenues from sales of the software product bear to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenues from sales of that software, or (ii) the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software product (three years).
  r.            Income taxes:
  The Company and its subsidiaries account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740,"Income Taxes". This Statement prescribes the use of the liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company and its subsidiaries provide a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.
  The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC Topic 740-10, which prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. According to ASC Topic 740-10, tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. The Company’s accounting policy is to classify interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions under income taxes, however the Company did not recognize such items in its fiscal 2008, 2009 and 2010 financial statements.
  F - 19
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
 
 s.            Concentrations of credit risk:
  Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash deposits and trade receivables. The Company's trade receivables are derived from sales to customers located primarily in Europe (including Eastern Europe), the United States and Israel. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to specific debts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection. See Note 2g.
  Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash deposits are deposited with major banks in Israel and the United States. Management believes that such financial institutions are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these financial instruments.
  The Company has no significant off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.
  t.             Basic and diluted loss per share:
  Basic loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each year, plus the dilutive potential of stock options and warrants outstanding during the year using the treasury stock method and the dilutive potential, if any, of convertible bonds using the “if-converted method”.
  The net loss and the weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share for the reported periods are as follows:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Net loss used for the computation of basic and diluted loss per share


(12,358
)


(5,085
)


(1,965
)
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Weighted average number of shares used in the computation of basic and diluted loss per share


5,171,406



5,511,948



6,177,862
 
 All outstanding stock options, warrants and convertible bonds have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 2008, 2009 and 2010, since the effect of the shares issuable with respect of these instruments was anti-dilutive.
  The number of potential shares from the conversion of convertible bonds, options and warrants that have been excluded from the calculation were 2,826,466, 3,189,071 and 4,557,840 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively.
  F - 20
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
 
 u.           Fair value of financial instruments:
  The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company and its subsidiaries in determining the fair value disclosures for financial instruments:
  At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash deposits, current trade receivables, other accounts receivable, trade payables, other accounts payable (which are not included in the proposed arrangement described in Note 1d) and financial assets and liabilities attributed to discontinued operation approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such financial instruments.
  As of December 31, 2009 the fair value of the convertible bonds was approximately $2,850. Such amount was calculated based on present value of the principal, interest and penalties payment under the amended terms of the bonds, using discount rate of 17.95% which represent, according to management estimate, the interest rate that the Company was required to pay for such bond as of December 31, 2009 (level 3).
  As of December 31, 2010 the Company is unable to assess the fair value of the convertible bonds and other liabilities subject to the proposed arrangement due to the uncertainties involved with respect to the completion of the arrangement. The terms of the proposed arrangement are described in Note 1d.
  v.            Accounting for stock-based compensation:
  Share-based compensation, including grants of stock options, is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as an operating expense, based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant.  The fair value of stock-based compensation is estimated using an option-pricing model.
  The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
  The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. The Company amortizes compensation costs using the graded vesting attribution method over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.
  w.          Advertising costs:
  The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, were approximately $58, $12 and $15, respectively.
  x.           Comprehensive Income:
  The Company has no comprehensive income components other than net loss in the reporting periods.
  y.           Reclassifications:
  Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The changes did not affect net income, cash flow or shareholders' deficit.
  F - 21
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
 
 z.             Fair value measurements:
  The Company applies ASC Topic 820-10 which defines fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and requires disclosures for fair value measures.
  In accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, the Company measures and discloses fair value measurements for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is required to be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use to determine the price of an asset or a liability.
  As a basis for considering such assumptions, the fair value accounting standard establishes the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
  Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.
  Level 2 - Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.
  Level 3 - Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. Level 3 inputs are considered as the lowest priority under the fair value hierarchy.
  In determining fair value, companies are required to utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as to consider counterparty credit risk in the assessment of fair value.
  aa.          Discontinued operations:
  The Company applies ASC Topic 205-20, "Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operation". According to ASC Topic 205-20, when a component of an entity, as defined in this standard, has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale, the results of its operations, including the gain or loss on the disposed component, required to be classified as discontinued operations and the assets and liabilities of such component should be classified as assets and liabilities attributed to discontinued operations if both of the following conditions are met: a) the operations and cash flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from the ongoing operations of the company as a result of the disposal transaction, and b) the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction. (See also Note 1b).
  F - 22
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 2:-
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
 
 ab.           Recently issued accounting pronouncements:
  A.
ASC Topic 605 - 25 “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements”



In October 2009, the FASB issued amendments to the accounting and disclosure for revenue recognition. These amendments, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010 (fiscal year 2011 for the Company), with early adoption permitted, modify the criteria for recognizing revenue in multiple element arrangements and require companies to develop a best estimate of the selling price to separate deliverables and allocate arrangement consideration using the relative selling price method. Additionally, the amendments eliminate the residual method for allocating arrangement considerations.



The adoption of the new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
  B.
ASC Topic 985 - 605, "Software - Revenue Recognition"



In October 2009, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2009-14, Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements – a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, to amend the scope of arrangements under ASC 985, Software, 605, “Revenue Recognition” to exclude tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver a product’s essential functionality. Such components shall be subject to ASC Topic 605 - 25 “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements”.



The amended guidance in ASC 605-25 and ASC 985-605 is effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, with early application and retrospective application permitted. The Company expects to prospectively apply the amended guidance in ASC 985-605, concurrently with the amended guidance in ASC 605-25, beginning on January 1, 2011.



The adoption of the new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
  C.
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”



In January 2010, the FASB updated the “Fair Value Measurements Disclosures” accounting standard. This update will require (a) an entity to disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements and to describe the reasons for the transfers; and (b) information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements to be presented separately (i.e. present the activity on a gross basis rather than net) in the reconciliation for fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The update clarifies existing disclosure requirements for the level of disaggregation used for classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, and requires disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs.



As applicable to the Company, the update became effective as of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures of the Level 3 roll forward information, which is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim reporting periods within those years (fiscal 2011 for the Company). The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Moreover, the adoption of the provisions that will be effective in 2011 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
  F - 23
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 3:-
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
 
 During the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company received, as consideration for the sale of the e-ID Division (see Note 1a), 2,827,200 ordinary shares of OTI (hereinafter – "OTI shares") (of which 212,040 shares were received by the Company but related to its consultants).
  During 2008, the Company sold the remaining, 1,200,444 OTI shares, for a total amount of $3,192 and recorded net realized losses in an amount of $862. Such amounts were presented in the statement of operation within the financial expenses, net.
  The Company did not hold marketable securities other than OTI shares in the reported periods.
 
 NOTE 4:-       OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND PREPAID EXPENSES
  December 31,2009


2010Prepaid expenses

$
16


$
8Government authorities


109



88Advance payment to suppliers


55



193Others


135



99$
315


$
388
 
 NOTE 5:-       INVENTORIES, NET
  December 31,2009


2010Raw materials, parts and supplies

$
17


$
145Finished products


65



52$
82


$
197
 
 As of December 31, 2009 and 2010, the inventory is presented net of allowance for slow inventory in the amount of approximately $51 and $108 respectively.
 
 NOTE 6:-
INVESTMENT IN A CERTAIN MAJORITY OWNED SUBSIDIARY
 
 In December 1997, the Company set up SuperCom Slovakia, owned equally with another third-party investor, in order to execute a transaction with the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic.
  In March 2000, the Company purchased an additional 16% of SuperComSlovakia, at a nominal value of $1, and granted such third-party investor a loan in an amount of $275, bearing interest of 0.7% per month, for any amounts outstanding. Interest is compounded on the outstanding principal balance of the loan and is to be repaid under the same conditions as the outstanding principal balance.
  The third-party investor has an option to buy back 16% of the shares, for $1, upon repayment of the loan to the Company.
  The Company currently owns 66% of SuperCom Slovakia's outstanding shares and accounts for the investment using the equity method of accounting, due to the substantive participation rights held by the non-controlling interest, which impact the Company’s ability to exert control over the subsidiary.
  F - 24
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 6:-
INVESTMENT IN A CERTAIN MAJORITY OWNED SUBSIDIARY (cont.)
 
 During 2006, the Company wrote down the entire loan balance in that company due to litigation developments regarding this issue and due to low probability of collection. See Note 11c2. During all the reported periods, the subsidiary had no operating activity.
 
 NOTE 7:-
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
  December 31,2009


2010Cost:Computers and peripheral equipment

$
320


$
262Office furniture and equipment


198



197Leasehold improvements


46



45564



504Accumulated depreciation:Computers and peripheral equipment


270



244Office furniture and equipment


110



120Leasehold improvements


27



30407



394Depreciated cost

$
157


$
110
  Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, were $73, $77 and $47, respectively.
 
 NOTE 8:-
OTHER ASSETS, NET
  a.
Goodwill
 
 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010 are as follows:
  December 31,2009


2010Balance as of January 1

$
685


$
-Impairment  loss


(685
)


-Balance as of December 31

$
-


$
-
  The goodwill resulted from the acquisition of SHC (see Note 1a).
  The Company received market indication with respect to the fair value of the U.S. subsidiary in the first quarter of 2009. Based on the above the Company recognized in 2008 an impairment loss in the amount of $3,235.
  During 2009, the Company recognized an impairment of the remaining balance of goodwill which attributed to the components (as described in ASC 360) that have been classified as of December 31, 2009 as discontinued operations. As a result, the impairment was classified in the statements of operations for 2009 within the loss from discontinued operations.
  F - 25
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 8:-
OTHER ASSETS (Cont.)
  b.
Intangible assets and deferred charges
  December 31,Cost
Amortization period


2009 (*)



2010Deferred charges (a)
Over the contractual life of the bonds

$
255


$
255Patents (b)
3 Years


104



104$
359


$
359
 
 Accumulated amortizationDeferred charges

$
255


$
255Patents


98



104$
353


$
359Amortized cost

$
6


$
-
 
 (*)
Due to sale of activities in January 2010, the Company classified as of December 31, 2009 certain intangible assets in an amount of $517, attributed to the activities within the balance "Assets attributed to discontinued operations". (See Note 1b.)
  a.
The deferred charges were incurred in respect of the issuance of convertible bonds during November, 2006 (an additional amount of $52 was recognized during 2007 with respect to those convertible bonds). Due to a breach of certain convertible bond covenants in 2008, among other things, the Company had to accelerate the remaining deferred expenses balance in the amount of $138. See Note 13.
  b.
During February 2007, the Company purchased the remaining 20% of Vuance RFID from the minority for an amount of $100, which was attributed to patents.
  Amortization of intangible assets and deferred charges amounted to $737, $632 and $6 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
 
 NOTE 9:-
BANK CREDIT
  a.
As of December 31, 2009, Vuance Inc had an account receivable line of credit from Bridge Bank in an aggregate amount of up to $ 1,000, and as of that date the amount of the credit utilized was $290. The weighted average interest rate on the credit line as of December 31, 2009 was approximately 7.5%. Due to sale of activities in January 2010 (see Note 1b), the Company classified the bank credit balance as of December 31, 2009 to discontinued operations. In August 2010, Vuance Inc. closed its account in Bridge Bank.



As of December 31, 2010, the Company did not have any credit line from banking institutions.



Regarding the credit line that was received by the Company after the balance sheet date, see Note 19a.
  b.
Regarding guarantees and liens - see Note 11b.
  F - 26
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 NOTE 10:-
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES
  December 31,2009


2010Deferred revenues

$
20


$
-Accrued expenses (*)


2,779



2,241Other


23



3$
2,822


$
2,244
  (*)
As of December 31, 2009 and 2010, includes $386 and $402, respectively, related to marketing expenses, $881 and $368, respectively, related to subcontractors of long term contract and $398 and $352, respectively, related to litigation accruals.
 
 NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 
 a.             Lease commitments:
  The Company's facilities and those of certain subsidiaries are rented under several operating lease agreements for periods ending in 2011 - 2015.
  On April 18, 2005, the Company signed a lease for new offices in Qadima, (Israel). The lease was for a period of five years commencing on November 1, 2005. The Company subleased a portion of these leased facilities until October 31, 2010. On November 2, 2010, the Company signed an Additional Agreement to the lease agreement according to which the Company will lease only a part of the area of the initial lease agreement for a period of one year commencing November 1, 2010 and ending October 31, 2011, with a notice period of at least 60 days allowing each party to terminate the lease period. The monthly lease amount of the additional agreement is $7.7.
  The Company's subsidiary in the USA leases a facility in Peachtree City, GA. The average monthly fee of the facility is $2.8. The lease commenced on March 1, 2008 until February 28, 2013.Vuance, Inc. also leased a facility in Rockville, Maryland for an average monthly fee of $5.0 which was subleased for a monthly fee of $4.2. The lease commenced on December 1, 2007 and ended on February 28, 2011.
  In 2009, Vuance Inc. signed additional lease agreement in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. The average monthly lease amount for the facilities is $3.8. The lease commenced on April 1, 2010 until March 31, 2015.
  Future minimum lease commitments under non-cancelable operating leases excluding subleases for the years ended December 31, are as follows:
  2011

$
1662012


782013


502014


452015


11$
350
  Rent expenses, net of rent income from subleases, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, were approximately $440, $331 and $121, respectively.
  F - 27
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (cont.)
  b.
Guarantees, indemnity and liens:
  1.
The Company issued a Letter of Credit with a balance of $325 as of December 31, 2009 to a supplier, related to a certain project of the Company with a European country. As a condition of this Letter of Credit, as of December 31, 2009, the Company deposited $330, which is presented as restricted cash deposits. The Letter of Credit expired on December 31, 2010 and the remaining restricted deposit of $130 was released during January 2011.
  2.
Under the sale agreement of the e-ID Division to OTI, the Company agreed to indemnify OTI for any breaches of the Company’s representations, warranties, covenants and obligations for twelve months from the closing date (December 31, 2006). The indemnification also covers any claim based on the Company’s alleged infringement on the intellectual property of any third party. As of the date of the approval of these financial statements there was no claim for breach from the OTI.
  3.
Pursuant to the Amendment Agreements with the convertible bonds holders (see also Note 13), in exchange for security in certain assets of the Company, the Company and the investors agreed to waive compliance and amend certain provisions of the Bond.
  4.
See also Note 1b2.
  c.              Litigation:
  1.
In April 2004, the Department for Resources Supply of the Ministry of Ukraine (the "Department") filed a claim with the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (the “Arbitration Court”) to declare Contract No. 10/82 (the “Contract”), dated April 9, 2002, between the Company and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukraine (the "Ministry"), as void due to defects in the proceedings by which the Company was awarded the Contract.  In July, 2004, the Arbitration Court declared the Contract as void.  On April 27, 2005, the Company appealed the decision to the High Commercial Court of the Ukraine.  In May 2005, the Department filed a new statement of claim with the Arbitration Court for restitution of $1,048 paid to the Company by the Department under the Contract.  On September 27, 2005, the Company received a negative award issued by the Arbitration Court in the second claim (the "Award").  On December 12, 2005, the Company was informed that the Ukrainian Supreme Court had dismissed its appeal regarding the July 2004 decision. On June 29, 2006, the Ukrainian Supreme Court held that the Arbitration Court award was valid and legal under applicable law.



On September 28, 2008, the Department filed a petition (the "Petition") in the Central District Court of Israel (the "Court"), under which the Department requested the approval of the Award as a valid foreign arbitral award under the laws of the State of Israel.



During November 2008, the Company filed with the Court an objection to the Petition and a petition to declare the Award null and void. The Company's objection and petition rely on what the Company believes to be well-based evidence which the Company has against the manner under which the arbitration proceedings were conducted by the Arbitration Court and against their validness and legality. The Company believes that the arbitration proceedings were conducted partially and jeopardized its basic rights. The Company's claims are also corroborated by a contrary legal opinion written in the scope arbitration decision by one of the arbitrators ("Arbitrator").
  F - 28
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (cont.)
 
 c.             Litigation (cont.):
  1.         (cont.)
  On February 16, 2009, the Department filed its response to the Company's claims (the "Response"). The Department raised procedural and other claims in its Response, including a monetary claim that the Company filed which is based on the Award and the filing of such claim basically affirms the Company’s acknowledgment that the Award is valid. On March 25, 2009, the Company filed a response to the Department's response and a requisition to order the Arbitrator to testify in the scope of the Petition proceedings.
  On June 6, 2009, a preliminary court session was held regarding the Petition. During the session, the Department's counsel claimed that one of the two machines that the Company previously supplied pursuant to the Contract (which machine is priced higher than the amount of the Department's claim) was not supplied to the Department and was transferred by the Company to another Ukrainian governmental authority. It is noted that the Company has documents that evidence that, contrary to the Department's claim, the Company supplied both of the machines directly to the Department.
  At a hearing held on September 23, 2009, the Court accepted the Company's application to summon the Arbitrator as a witness. At the hearings which took place on November 29 and November 30, 2010, the Arbitrator testified in Court. In his testimony, the Arbitrator described procedural flaws which occurred, in his view, during the arbitration and also related to threats which were made against him by the Secretary of the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the course of the arbitration session.
  Following the testimony of the Arbitrator, the Department asked the Court to summon the other two Ukrainian arbitrators as witnesses. The Court accepted the request and scheduled hearings for their testimonies in September 2011.
  Based on the opinion of its legal advisors, the Company believes that the above mentioned Ukrainian Arbitration Court decision is incorrect, as a matter of law, that the Ukrainian government’s claim has no merit and that the Ukrainian Arbitration Proceedings were legally defective.  The Company, based on its legal counsels, further believes that there is a good chance that the Petition will be denied. Therefore no provision has been made in the financial statements in respect of the claim for restitution of $1,048.
  F - 29
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (cont.)
  c. Litigation (cont.):
  2.
On October 30, 2003, SuperCom Slovakia, a subsidiary (66%) of Vuance Ltd., received an award from the International Arbitral Center of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, in a case against the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic (“the Ministry”) relating to the Agreement on Delivery of Technology, Cooperation and Services signed on March 17, 1998.  Upon the Arbitral Award, the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic was ordered to pay SuperCom Slovakia the amount of SKK 80,000,000 (approximately $3,519 as of December 31, 2010) plus interest accruing from March 1999. In addition, the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic was ordered to pay the costs of arbitration in the amount of EUR 42,716 (approximately $57 as of December 31, 2010) and SuperCom Slovakia’s legal fees in the amount of EUR 63,611 (approximately $84 as of December 31, 2010).  The Company has begun an enforcement proceeding to collect the arbitral awards.  The Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic filed a claim with the Commercial Court in Vienna, Austria on February 10, 2004, whereby it challenged and requested to set aside the arbitral award.  During September 2005, the Commercial Court of Vienna dismissed the claim.  On October 21, 2005, the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic filed an appeal.  On August 25, 2006, the Austrian Appellate Court rejected the appeal and ordered the Ministry to reimburse Supercom Slovakia ́s costs of the appellate proceeding in the amount of EUR 6,688 within 14 days.  On October 3, 2006, the Company was informed that the Ministry had decided not to file an extraordinary appeal to the Austrian Supreme Court’s decision rejecting its appeal. To date, the Company’s efforts to enforce the Commercial Court’s decision have been unsuccessful.
  3.
On December 16, 1999, Secu-Systems Ltd. filed a lawsuit with the District Court in Tel-Aviv-Jaffa jointly and severally against the Company and its former subsidiary, InkSure Ltd. (“InkSure”), seeking a permanent injunction and damages arising from the printing method applied to certain products developed by InkSure. In its lawsuit, Secu-Systems asserted claims of breach of a confidentiality agreement between Secu-Systems and the Company, unjust enrichment of the Company and InkSure, breach of fiduciary duties owed to Secu-Systems by the Company and InkSure and misappropriation of trade secrets and damage to Secu-Systems’ property.  On March 15, 2006, the Court denied the breach of contract claim, but upheld the claim for misappropriation of trade secrets and ordered InkSure and the Company to cease all activity involving the use of the confidential knowledge and/or confidential information of Secu-Systems. In addition, the court ordered the Company and Inksure to provide a report certified by an accountant setting forth in full the income and/or benefit received by InkSure and the Company as a result of the infringing activity through the date of the judgment, and ordered the Company and Inksure, jointly and severally, to pay to Secu-Systems compensation in the amount of NIS 100,000 ($28 as of December 31, 2010) and legal expenses as well as attorney’s fees in the amount of NIS 30,000 ($8 as of December 31, 2010) (which was paid during 2006). Secu-Systems has filed an appeal, and the Company and InkSure filed a counter-appeal, on the above ruling.



During the years thereafter several court sessions were held, judgments were made and appeals were filed by each of the parties.



On December 15, 2009, the court suggested that the parties try a mediation process in order to endeavor to come to an agreement. All the parties agreed to the suggestion.
  F - 30
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Cont.)
  c.
Litigation (cont.):
  3.
(cont.)



In the course of the mediation process, during 2010, an agreement in principle was reached, according to which the mediator will be authorized to determine the sum, within the range between NIS 750,000 (approximately $211 as of December 31, 2010) and NIS 1,000,000 (approximately $282 as of December 31, 2010), which the Company shall pay to Secu-Systems. Pursuant to such agreement in principle, the amount determined by the mediator will be paid by the Company during 2011 in 10 equal, consecutive monthly installments.



As of December 31, 2009 the Company made an allowance in the amount of $230 related to this litigation.



Following the said agreement in principle, a binding mediation agreement was signed by the parties, and on September 1, 2010, a mediation session was held. On November 30, 2010, the mediator determined that the sum the Company will have to pay to Secu-System is NIS 893,000 (approximately $252 as of December 31, 2010).
  4.
Somet HaSharon ("Somet") is the owner of the office building in Qadima where the Company's offices are located in accordance with a lease agreement from 2005.



The Company has discovered that there are discrepancies between the leased area as it appears in the lease agreement and the space actually possessed by the Company. Consequently, the Company has sent to Somet a set-off notice regarding the excess lease payments that, according to the Company, Somet has collected from the Company since the commencement of the lease period.



The entire dispute has been submitted to an agreed-upon Arbitrator.



On June 28, 2010, the arbitral award was received, pursuant to which the claim against the Company was accepted and the Company's counterclaim was rejected. In addition, legal expenses in the amount of NIS 20,000 (approximately $6 as of December 31, 2010) were awarded in favor of Somet.



The Company settled its entire debt in respect of that dispute in October 2010.
  5.
Vuance Inc. was the defendant in an action filed on March 26, 2010 in the Circuit Court for Milwaukee County by two former employees, which are also shareholders of the Company . The two Plaintiffs in that matter claimed that each was a party to an Employment Agreement with Vuance Inc. and that Vuance Inc. was in breach of those agreements. Each of the Employment Agreements provides, inter alia, that any disputes arising under or in connection with the Agreement shall be resolved by third-party mediation and, failing that, by binding arbitration. Accordingly, counsel in the matter have agreed to have the dispute mediated by a third party. Counsel has agreed that the time for Vuance Inc. to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint in the matter is indefinitely extended. Together, the Plaintiffs claimed they have been damaged in an amount of $168. Vuance Inc. made an allowance of $168, in 2009 that reflects the expected expenses related to this litigation.



On July 15, 2010, the two Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case without prejudice. As of December 31, 2010, the Company reassessed the allowance and decided to set the allowance at an amount of $100, since the Company assumed that the employees’ claim remained valid.
  F - 31
 
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 11:-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Cont.)
  d.
In a certain transactions, the Company is obligated to pay a certain percentage of the revenues to third parties.
  e.
The Company is obligated, under certain contracts with one of its manufacturers, to purchase certain blanket orders from such manufacturer, with no specific time requirements.
 
 NOTE 12:-
INCOME TAX
  a.
Measurement of results of operations for tax purposes under the Israeli Income Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments), 1985.
  Until December 31, 2007, the results of operations for tax purposes in Israel were measured in terms of earnings in NIS after adjustments for changes in Israel's Consumer Price Index ("CPI"). Commencing January 1, 2008, this law is void and in its place there are transition provisions, whereby the results of operations for tax purposes are to be measured on a nominal basis. As explained in Note 2b, the financial statements are measured in U.S. dollars. The difference between the annual change in Israel's CPI and in the NIS/dollar exchange rate causes a further difference between taxable income and income before taxes shown in the financial statements. In accordance with paragraph 25-3f of ASC TOPIC 740-10-25, Income Taxes, the Company has not provided for deferred income taxes on the above difference between the functional currency and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
  b. Reduction in corporate tax rates:
  On July 25, 2005, the Israeli Parliament passed an amendment to the Income Tax Ordinance (No. 147) - 2005, gradually reducing the tax rate applicable to the Company  as follows: in 2008 - 27%, in 2009 - 26% and in 2010 and thereafter - 25%.
  On July 23, 2009, as part of the Arrangements Law for the period 2009-2010, article 126 of the Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) – 1961 was amended, whereby the corporate tax rate would be gradually reduced commencing in the 2011 tax year and thereafter, as follows: 2011 – 24%, 2012 – 23%, 2013 – 22%, 2014 – 21%, 2015 – 20% and 2016 and thereafter – 18%.
  c.             Non-Israeli subsidiaries:
  Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax laws of the countries in which they are located.
  F - 32
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 12:-
INCOME TAX (cont.)
 
 d.             Deferred income taxes:
  Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the deferred tax assets of the Company and its subsidiaries are as follows:
  December 31,2009


2010Operating loss carryforward

$
9,809


$
9,814Reserves and allowances


721



739Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance


10,530



10,553Valuation allowance


(10,530
)


(10,553
)Net deferred tax asset

$
-


$
-Deferred income taxes consist of the following:Domestic

$
5,701


$
5,593Valuation allowance


(5,701
)


(5,593
)Foreign


4,829



4,960Valuation allowance


(4,829
)


(4,960
)$
-


$
-
 
 As of December 31, 2010, the Company and its subsidiaries have provided a valuation allowance in a total amount of $10,553 in respect of deferred tax assets resulting from tax loss carryforwards and other temporary differences. Management currently believes that since the Company and its subsidiaries have a history of losses, the deferred tax assets are not considered more likely than not to be realized in the foreseeable future.
  e.
Carryforward tax losses:
  Vuance Ltd. has accumulated losses for tax purposes as of December 31, 2010, in an amount of approximately $28,319, which may be carried forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period. VuanceLtd. also has a capital loss in an amount of $14,913 which may be carried forward and offset against capital gains for an indefinite period. Losses carryforwards in Israel are measured in NIS.



As of December 31, 2010, Vuance's subsidiaries in the United States have estimated total available carryforward tax losses of $13,873. In the U.S., tax losses can be carried forward for 20 years. However, utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. These annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization. An amount of $3,413 of the carryforward tax losses of the Company's subsidiary in the U.S, is subject to such limitation, due to the SHC acquisition.
  F - 33
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 12:-
INCOME TAX (cont.)
  f.
Vuance Ltd has assessments which are considered as final until the tax year ended December 31, 2006.
  Vuance’s subsidiaries in the United States and Israel have not received final assessments since their incorporation.
  g.
Loss before taxes on income consists of the following:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Domestic

$
(4,854
)

$
(2,011
)

$
(1,275
)Foreign


(1,328
)


(477
)


(451
)$
(6,182
)

$
(2,488
)

$
(1,726
)
 
 h.
Reconciliation of the theoretical tax benefit to the actual tax benefit:



A reconciliation of theoretical tax expense, assuming all income is taxed at the statutory rate applicable to the income of companies in Israel, and the actual tax expense, is as follows:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Loss before taxes on income, as reported in the consolidated statements of operations

$
(6,182
)

$
(2,488
)

$
(1,726
)Statutory tax rate in Israel


27
%


26
%


25
%Theoretical tax benefit

$
(1,669
)

$
(647
)

$
(432
)Carryforward losses and other deferred taxes for which a full valuation allowance was recorded


2,045



503



486Tax expenses related to withholding tax at source


137



31



39Differences in taxes resulting from rate applicable to foreign subsidiary and others


(376
)


184



(43
)Actual income tax

$
137


$
71


$
50
  F - 34
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 NOTE 13:-     CONVERTIBLE BONDS
  In November 2006, the Company raised $3,156.5 through the issuance of Units consisting of Convertible Bonds and Warrants. Units valued at $2,500 were issued to Brevan Howard Master Fund Limited (“BH”), and Units valued at $656.5 were issued to Special Situation Funds (“SSF”), based on the participation rights provided in a private placement during 2005, which were existing shareholders of the Company. According to their original terms, the Convertible Bonds mature three years from the date of issuance and bear interest at an annual rate of 8% (which was updated as described below). Any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest will be grossed up and paid by the Company (approximately 3% of the principal of the bonds), payment of interest will be net of any tax. Subject to certain redemption provisions, as described below, the Convertible Bonds may be converted at any time, at the option of the investors, into the Company's ordinary shares at an original conversion price of $5 per share (see amendment below). The investors were also granted warrants entitling them to acquire a total of 134,154 ordinary shares at an original exercise price of $5 per share during the next five years (see amendments below). In respect of this transaction, the Company paid approximately $215 cash as issuance expenses and granted an option to acquire up to 25,000 shares of the Company to a third party, exercisable at an original $5 per share. The fair market value of this grant option was $40.
  If the Company fails to fulfill certain conditions, the investors may accelerate repayment of the principal amount of $3,156.5 of the Convertible Bonds, in which case all interest payable until maturity date will immediately become due and payable.
  The Company has determined that the embedded conversion feature should not be separated from the host instrument because it qualifies for equity classification. Therefore the transaction was accounted for in accordance withASC Topic 470 - 20,"Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options”.
  In November 2007, due to a breach of certain conditions of the convertible bonds, the investors had the right to accelerate the repayment of the principal amount of the bonds with all the interest payable until the maturity date of the bonds. However, the Company signed an amendment to the agreement with the investors under which the Company was required to pay to one of the investors the abovementioned interest amount ($276) (with any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest (approximately 3% of the principal of the bonds)) and in respect of the other investors, the Company changed the conversion ratio of the bonds to $4.25. In consideration, the investors waived their right to accelerate the repayment of the bonds. The Company accounted for this amendment as a modification of the bonds.
  In June 2008, following a breach of the amended terms of the convertible bonds, the Company reached an agreement with BH (with a principal amount of $2,500), under which, among other things, the investor waived the Company's compliance with certain covenants under its Convertible Bonds, in exchange for:
  a.
Increasing the interest rate to 10% starting March 31, 2008. Any withholding and other taxes payable with respect to the interest will be grossed up and paid by the Company (approximately 3% of the principal of the bonds).
  b.
Reducing the exercise price of the bond and the warrants to $3 and $2.8, respectively.
  c.
The Company undertook to place a fixed charge on all income and/or rights in connection with a certain European Airport Project. This charge shall be senior to any indebtedness and/or other pledge and encumbrance, but shall, however, be subject to certain rights of the Company to use part of the income.
  d.
Certain anti-dilution rights with respect to the warrants held by the investor.
  F - 35
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 
 NOTE 13:-     CONVERTIBLE BONDS (Cont.)
  In addition, under certain circumstances, the investor might have the right to demand early payment of partial or full amount of the Convertible Bonds (up to the $2,500 as mentioned above). The Company accounted for the amendment as an extinguishment of the Bonds.
  Due to the breach of certain convertible bond covenants, the Company had to recognize, in 2008, financial expenses in the amount of $553, to accelerate deferred expenses in the amount of $138 and to accelerate the remaining discount amounts (attributed to warrants and the beneficial conversion feature) in the amount of $724. In addition, as of December 31, 2008, the Convertible Bond was classified as a current liability
  On August 12, 2009, the Company entered into a bond Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment Agreement”) with BH, with principal amount of $2,500, pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, in exchange for security in certain assets of the Company, inter alia all incomes and/or rights in connection therewith to which the Company and its Subsidiaries are and shall be entitled as a result of the Slovakian Project Arbitral Award, and on all amounts in connection with the project related to the arbitration, the Company and the investor agreed to waive compliance and amend certain provisions of the Bond to, among other things, (i) increase the applicable rate of interest to 12% and by 0.5% every 180 days afterward, (ii) release the Company from certain payments upon the completion of certain payments of principal and interest due under the Bond, (iii) make monthly payments of $41 against the total amount due under the Bond over an eight (8) year period, and (iv) increase the number of warrants granted to 159,375 and amend their exercise price to $0.40 per share . The modification was determined to be a debt extinguishment.
  On November 9, 2009, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment Agreement”) with SSF, the other investor (with a principal amount of $624), pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, in exchange for security in certain assets of the Company, the Company and SSF agreed to waive compliance and amend certain provisions of the Bond to, among other things, (i) increase the applicable rate of interest to 12% and by 0.5% every 180 days afterward, (ii) release the Company from certain payments upon the completion of certain payments of principal and interest due under the Bond, (iii) make monthly payments of $10 against the total amount due under the Bond over an eight (8) year period, (iv) reducing the exercise price of the bond and the warrants to $3 and $0.40, respectively and, (v) increase the number of warrants granted to 31,238. The modification was determined to be a debt extinguishment.
  As of December 31, 2009, in light of the above amendments, total principal amount of $430 was presented among current liabilities and a total principal amount of $2,624 was presented among long-term liabilities. In addition, an amount of $1,693 (including interest and penalties that it was agreed to be paid after the principal amount is paid), was presented among long-term loan and others.
  As of December 31, 2009, the Company was in compliance with covenants under the amended Convertible Bond agreements.
  In January 2010, the Company received the investors' consent to sell its EAC and CSMS businesses (as described in Note 1b.). In addition, the Company created a specific (fixed) charge in favor of the investors on the intellectual property rights belonging to the remaining RFID business of the Company.
  F - 36
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 13:-     CONVERTIBLE BONDS (Cont.)
  On August 24, 2010, BH entered into an Absolute Assignment and Transfer of Bond and Warrant (“Assignment”) with Sigma Wave Ltd. (“Sigma”), an Israeli company and a major shareholder of the Company. Pursuant to the Assignment, BH absolutely transfers, assigns and makes over unto Sigma all of its rights, title, obligations and interest in the Convertible Bonds and warrants accruing or growing due and outstanding as at the Closing Date (which later was determined as September 16, 2010) to BH, and BH effective as of and from the Closing Date further assigns and transfers unto Sigma all of its rights and interests in the Company pledged rights and/or assets, and BH effective as of and from the Closing Date further assigns and transfers unto Sigma all of its rights and interests in deeds, documents, writings, papers, books of account and other books relating to or being records of the Convertible Bonds and warrants or by which the Convertible Bonds and warrants are or may hereafter be secured, evidenced, acknowledged or made payable.
  The Company gave its consent to the Assignment on July 28, 2010.
  The Assignment had no impact on the Company’s assets or liabilities or its financial results.
  On March 30, 2011, the Company entered into a financing agreement with Sigma that entitles the Company to refinance the short-term obligations under the Convertible Bonds held by Sigma on a long-term basis. Pursuant to the agreement, and subject to certain conditions and covenants, Sigma postponed all mature amounts relating to principal and interest as of December 31, 2010, to January 1, 2012. As of the date of the agreement the Company met the required covenants and according to management assessment it is not considered probable that the Company will fail to meet such covenants until December 31, 2011. In addition, the agreement requires that interest amounts with respect to fiscal 2011 will become due during July 2011 and thereafter. As a consequence of the financing agreement, as of December 31, 2010, the Company’s total outstanding debt to Sigma under the Convertible Bonds is $4,262, of which $2,453 is presented among convertible bonds (long-term balance) and $1,810 is presented among long-term loan and others.
  As of December 31, 2010, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds agreements with respect to bonds held by SSF.
  As of the filing date of these financial statements, the Company was not in compliance with the covenants under the amended Convertible Bonds with respect to bonds held by SSF due to the legal proceeding held in the District Court related to the creditors’ arrangement (see also Note 1d). The Company intends toinclude the Convertible Bonds held by SSF within the creditors’ arrangement. The petition, however, is subject to final approval of the District Court, pending the resolution by the District Court to an objection to the proposed arrangement filed by SSF.
 
 NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL
  a.
The Company’s ordinary shares were listed for trade on the Euronext Brussels stock market, under the symbol “SUP”, (since October 23, 2003) which became “VUNC” after the Company's name change on May 14, 2007. The Company applied for delisting of its shares from the Euronext Brussels stock market, and its application was approved on May 6, 2008, effective August 4, 2008. Since November 5, 2004, the Company’s ordinary shares have also traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "SPCBF.OB" which, following the recent name change of the Company became “VUNCF.OB”. Since August 23, 2007, the ordinary shares of the Company were approved for trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “VUNC” and trading on the OTC Bulletin Board ceased.
  F - 37
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  a.
(cont.)



On September 29, 2009, the Company received a NASDAQ Staff Determination letter indicating that the Company failed to comply with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement of $2.5 million as set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b) (formerly Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(3)). As a result, NASDAQ notified the Company that its securities will be delisted from The NASDAQ Stock Market and trading in its shares will be suspended effective at the open of business on October 1, 2009.



Following the delisting from the NASDAQ as of the opening of business on October 1, 2009, the Company was advised by Pink OTC Markets Inc., which operates an electronic quotation service for securities traded over-the-counter, that its securities are immediately eligible for quotation in the Pink Sheets effective that date. The common stock of the Company is quoted under the ticker symbol “VUNCF”.



On May, 14 2007 a 1 for 5.88235 reverse split of the Company’s ordinary shares became effective for trading purposes. Pursuant to this reverse share split, each 5.88235 ordinary shares of NIS 0.01 par value became 1 ordinary share of NIS 0.0588235 par value.
  b.
During 2010, the Company increased its authorized share capital to 52,000,000 ordinary shares.
  c.
During 2009 and 2008, 168,865 and 104,513 ordinary shares, respectively, were issued as consideration to settle liabilities to an officer and other payables in an aggregate amount of $63 and $249, respectively and 3,550 ordinary shares were issued during 2008 due to the 2007 reverse split. Regarding ordinary shares that were issued during 2010, see Note 14f4.
  d.
Shareholders' rights:



The ordinary shares confer upon the holders the right to receive notice to participate and vote in the general meetings of the Company, and the right to receive dividends, if declared.
 e.
Stock options:
  1.
In 2003, the Company adopted a stock option plan under which the Company issues stock options (the “Option Plan”). The Option Plan is intended to provide incentives to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and/or consultants by providing them with the opportunity to purchase ordinary shares of the Company. Subject to the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, the Option Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, and is designed: (i) to comply with Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance or any provision which may amend or replace it and the rules promulgated thereunder and to enable the Company and grantees thereunder to benefit from Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance and the Commissioner’s Rules; and (ii) to enable the Company to grant options and issue shares outside the context of Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance. Options granted under the Option Plan will become exercisable ratably over a period of three to five years or immediately in certain circumstances, commencing with the date of grant. The options generally expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant. Any options which are forfeited or canceled before expiration become available for future grants.
  F - 38
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  e.
Stock options (cont.):
  1.
(cont.)



As a result of an amendment to Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance as part of the 2003 Israeli tax reform, and pursuant to an election made by the Company thereunder, capital gains derived by optionees arising from the sale of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of options granted to them under Section 102 after January 1, 2003, will generally be subject to a flat capital gains tax rate of 25%.  However, as a result of this election, the Company will no longer be allowed to claim as an expense for tax purposes the amounts credited to such employees as a benefit when the related capital gains tax is payable by them, as the Company had previously been entitled to do under Section 102.



On June 27, 2007, the Compensation Committee and board of directors of the Company approved a new option plan under which the Company may grant stock options to the U.S. employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under this new option plan, the Company may grant both qualified (for preferential tax treatment) and non-qualified stock options. On August 15, 2007, the new option plan was approved by the shareholders of the Company at the general shareholders meeting.
  2.
During 2008, the Board of Directors approved grants of options as follows:
  Number of

options granted


Exercise price2,000



3.3843,000



1.88
 
 In addition, in September 2008, the Board of Directors approved a re-pricing of options for 3 executive officers for a total of 149,600 options, which had exercise prices ranging between $2.47 and $14.8235.  The re-pricing changed the exercise price of the options to $1.86. The total incremental compensation cost at the date of the modification was $66 of which $59 was recognized during 2008 and the remaining during 2009.
  In December 2008, the Special General Meeting approved the re-pricing and the extension (if applicable) of 354,617 options held by related parties. The total incremental compensation cost at the date of the modification amounted to $44 and was recognized as an expense since all the options were fully vested.
  On January 9, 2009, according to the board resolution on October 27, 2008 and the Special General Meeting dated December 21, 2008, the Company issued to: a) the Chairman of the Board of Directors; b) a member of the Company's Board of Directors who is also one of the co-founders; c) one of the co-founders of the Company and d) another member of the Company's Board of Directors options to purchase up to: 256,456, 179,966, 126,944 and 42,121 shares of the Company, respectively. The options have an exercise price of NIS 0.0582235 per share, vested immediate and will expire after ten years. The options (the fair value of which was estimated to $266) were issued as a partial payment for certain liabilities to the terms of their appointment with the Company.
  On March 12, 2009, the Company issued options to purchase up to 161,718 shares to several employees and ex-employees as a partial payment of their payroll. The options (the fair value of which was estimated to $67) have an exercise price of NIS 0.0582235, vested immediately and will expire after ten years.
  During 2010 no options were granted.
  F - 39
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 
 NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  e.
Stock options (cont.):
  3.
A summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information is as follows:
  Year ended December 312008


2009


2010Number of options


Weighted average exercise price


Number of options


Weighted average exercise price


Number of options


Weighted average exercise price(*)Outstanding at beginningof year


1,076,756


$
4.43



981,462


$
2.55
(*)


1,489,176


$
1.34Granted


45,000


$
1.95



767,205


$
0.015



-



-Exercised


(27,032
)

$
0.32



(93,056
)

$
0.015



(11,007
)

$
0.016Canceled and forfeited


(113,262
)

$
6.17



(166,435
)

$
3.30



(73,950
)

$
3.52Outstanding at end of year


981,462


$
2.55
(*)


1,489,176


$
1.34
(*)


1,404,219


$
1.23Exercisable at end of year


663,021


$
2.51
(*)


1,413,027


$
1.26
(*)


1,404,219


$
1.23
 
 (*)
The weighted average exercise price is after the re-pricing made during 2008, as mentioned above.



The weighted average fair value of options granted during the reported periods was $0.88 and $0.43, per option, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009, respectively. In 2010 no options granted.



The fair value of these options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black & Scholes option pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the 2008, 2009 grants: risk-free rate of 4.24% and 0.75%, respectively, dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility factor of 52.29% and 193.27%, respectively and expected term of 4 and 2.08 years, respectively. In 2009, the fair value of 125,142 options were calculated using the Black & Scholes option pricing model. For all other options granted in 2009, the fair value of the options issued (as a partial payment of payroll liability) was based on the fair value of the shares on the date of the related payroll, which equals the related payroll liability, since the exercise price was close to nil.



The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected term was based on the historical experience and based on Management estimate.



Compensation expenses recognized by the Company related to its share-based employee compensation awards were $856, $483 and $14 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.



The following table summarizes the allocation of the stock-based compensation charge
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Cost of revenues

$
16


$
7


$
3Research and development expenses


353



226



2Selling and marketing expenses


151



43



3General and administrative expenses


336



207



6$
856


$
483


$
14
 
 F - 40
 
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  e.
Stock options (cont.):
  3.
A summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information is as follows (cont.):



The options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2010, have been separated into ranges of exercise prices as follows:
  Range of

exercise price


Options outstanding and exercisable

as of

December 31, 2010


Weighted average

remaining

contractual life (years)


Weighted average

exercise price


Aggregate intrinsic value$ 0.01 - $ 0.06



720,826



7.87



0.02


$
38$ 1.10 - $ 1.88



476,817



3.68



1.32



-$ 2.47 - $ 3.38



31,076



2.17



2.99



-$ 4.12 - $ 4.90



90,400



3.77



4.37



-$ 5.00 - $ 5.24



68,100



2.90



5.07



-$ 14.82



17,000



1.25



14.82



-1,404,219







1.23
 
 The aggregate intrinsic value of the above table represents the total intrinsic value, based on the Company’s stock price of $0.07 as of December 31, 2010, less the weighted average exercise price per range. This represents the potential amount received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date.
  The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008 2009 and 2010 was $53, $36 and $1, respectively, based on the Company’s average stock price of $2.26, $0.4 and $0.14, during the years ended on those dates respectively.
  A summary of the status of the Entity’s non-vested options granted to employees as of December 31, 2010 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented below:
  Options


Weighted–average grant-date fair valueNon-vested at January 1, 2010


76,149


$
1.15Granted


-



-Vested (including cancelled and exercised)


(67,148
)

$
1.10Forfeited


(9,001
)

$
1.64Non-vested at December 31, 2010


-



-
 
 As of December 31, 2010, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock option plans.
  F - 41
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  f.
Private placements and warrants:
  1.
During 2008, the Board of Directors approved a grant of warrants to acquire up to 100,000 shares to certain consultants. The exercise price under the terms of the warrants range between $0.65 to $3.38 per share. The fair market value of the warrants was $64 as computed using the Black & Scholes pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: risk-free interest of 3.20%, dividend yield of 0, volatility factor of the excepted market price of the Company’s ordinary shares of 101.44% and expected term of the warrants of 2.90 average years. During 2009, no warrants were granted.



During 2010 warrants to acquire up to 1,759,988 shares were granted, of which 553,846, with an exercise price of $0.15 per share were granted to an investor as a part of private placement (see 4 below) and 1,206,142 of which, with an exercise price of $0.00 per share were granted to certain creditors as part of the extinguishments of liabilities (see Note 1d). The fair market value of the warrants granted under the debt extinguishment is $147, based on the Company’s share market price at the date when the extinguishment was determined.
  2.
A summary of the Company's warrants activity to consultants and investors (including warrants issued in connection with convertible bonds and extinguishment of liabilities), and related information is as follows:
  Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Number of warrants


Weighted average exercise price


Number of warrants


Weighted average exercise price(*)


Number of warrants


Weighted average exercise priceOutstanding at beginningof year


782,685


$
4.64



857,185


$
3.92



658,706


$
2.70Granted


100,000


$
1.20



-



-



1,759,988


$
0.05Exercised


-



-



-



-



-



-Canceled and forfeited


(25,500
)

$
5.04



(198,479
)

$
5.91



(261,692
)

$
3.53Outstanding at end of year


857,185


$
3.92



658,706


$
2.70



2,157,002


$
0.36Exercisable at end of year


763,852


$
4.27



652,040


$
2.69



2,157,002


$
0.36
  (*)
The Weighted average exercise price is after re-pricing of the exercise price related to the convertible bond holders.
  The warrants to consultants and investors (including warrants issued in connection with convertible bonds and extinguishment of liabilities), outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2010, have been separated into ranges of exercise prices as follows:
  Range of exercise price


Warrants outstanding and exercisable as of

December 31, 2010


Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)


Weighted average exercise price


Aggregate intrinsic value$ 0.00



1,206,142



2.00


$
0.00


$
84$ 0.15 - $ 0.65



824,459



3.32


$
0.18



-$ 2.50 - $ 3.53



25,100



2.03


$
3.39



-$ 4.42 - $ 4.85



71,200



2.69


$
4.67



-$ 5 - $ 5.48



30,101



0.84


$
5.08



-2,157,002






$
0.36
 
 F - 42
 
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 14:-     SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
  f.
Private placements and warrants:
  3.
The fair value of all the warrants granted as described above was measured based on the fair value of the instruments issued on the date of grant, since, based on the opinion of Company Management, such measurement is more reliable than the fair value of services.
  4.
On March 22, 2010, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement with a private investor, Mr. Yitzchak Babayov (the “Investor”), pursuant to which at a March 23, 2010 closing, the Company issued 1,538,461 ordinary shares of the Company at a par value of  NIS 0.0588235 (the “Transaction Shares”) in consideration of a onetime cash payment in the amount of $200.



Concurrent with the execution of the Subscription Agreement, the Company and the Investor entered into a Warrant Agreement pursuant to which the Investor received a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 553,846 ordinary shares of the Company for an exercise price of $0.15 per share. The Warrant has a term of five (5) years and contains standard adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassification and similar events. The Company’s shareholders approved and ratified at the annual general meeting held on September 12, 2010, that the purpose of the private placement of the Transaction Shares and Warrant was to provide the Investor with more than twenty five percent (25%) of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares in accordance with Israeli law, which exempts such an acquisition from Israeli tender offer requirements



The Transaction Shares and the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
  g.
Dividends:



No dividends were declared in the reported periods. In the event that cash dividends are declared in the future, such dividends will be paid in NIS. The Company does not intend to distribute cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
  h.
Convertible bonds and warrants issued to the convertible bond holders – see Note 13.
  NOTE 15:-
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
  a.
On October 1, 2001, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by the former Chairman of the Board of Directors, who also was one of the co-founders of the Company.
  In consideration of these consulting services, the Company has undertaken to pay $10.5 per month plus motor vehicle expenses. In addition the Company was required to pay $1.5 per month as a director’s fee. During 2008 and 2009, the Company paid in cash $121 and $32, respectively, pursuant to this agreement. Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see Note 15d below and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010, see Note 15e below.
  In December 2008, according to the Special General Meeting, 296,817 options with an exercise price between the range of $2.4706 to $5 were re-priced to $1.1 and all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013, shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.
  F - 43
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 15:-
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Cont.)
  a.
(cont.)
  On July 8, 2010, the Board of Directors accepted the resignation from the board of directors of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, effective July 25, 2010. The Company recorded during 2010 an expense of $75 related to the former consulting agreement. In addition, on July 8, 2010, the Company entered into a Services Agreement with the former Chairman of the Board of Directors and one of the Company’s major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide the Company with ongoing consulting services as may be reasonably required by the Company, for a consideration of 2% of the Company’s gross receipts from a major customer and indemnification of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider.
  During 2010, the Company recorded an expense of $83 in accordance with the Services Agreement.
  b.
On October 1, 2001, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by a former member of the Company's Board of Directors, who was one of the Company's co-founders and a principal shareholder. On January 13 2005, the General Shareholders Meeting approved, inter-alia, the following amendments to the consulting agreement:
  ·
As of the date of the approval of the General Shareholders Meeting, the consideration shall be an amount of $7 per month.
  ·
Upon the termination of the car lease agreement in March 2005, to increase the car lease, to a price of up to NIS 4,200 (approximately $1.2 as of December 31, 2010), (excluding tax) per month.
  In addition, the Company was required to pay $1.5 per month as a director’s fee.



During 2008 and 2009, the Company paid in cash $84 and $22, pursuant to this agreement. Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see below Note 15d and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010 see Note 15e below.



In December 2008, according to the Special General Meeting, 37,400 options with an exercise price between the range of $2.4706 to $5 were re-priced to $1.1 and all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013, shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013.



On July 8, 2010, the Board of Directors accepted the resignation from the board of directors of the member of the Company's Board of Directors, effective immediately. The Company recorded during 2010 an expense of $53 related to the former consulting agreement. In addition, on July 8, 2010, the Company entered into a Services Agreement with the former member of the Board of Directors and one of the Company’s major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide the Company with management services with respect to the Company’s certain project for a consideration of (i) a monthly fee of $3, (ii) indemnification of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider, and (iii) the Company will provide the Service Provider with a cellular phone and an automobile. The Company shall also grant the Service Provider options to purchase up to 50,000 ordinary shares of the Company according to terms to be determined by the Board of Directors, which terms have not yet been determined by the date of approval of the financial statements.
  During 2010, the Company recorded an expense of $38 in accordance with the Services Agreement.
  F - 44
  VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
  NOTE 15:-
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Cont.)
  c.
On October 1, 2001, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a company owned by one of the co-founders of the Company.
  In consideration for these services, the Company was required to pay $4.6 per month plus motor vehicle expenses. During 2008 and 2009, the Company paid in cash $58 and $15 respectively, pursuant to this agreement. Regarding the partial payment in options during 2008 and 2009, see Note 15d below and regarding debt extinguishment during 2010 see Note 15e below.
  The Company recorded during 2010 an expense of $37 related to the former consulting agreement. On July 8, 2010, the Company entered into a Services Agreement with the co-founder of the Company and one of the Company’s major shareholders (the “Service Provider”), effective immediately, pursuant to which the parties terminated the former consulting agreement and agreed that the Service Provider will provide the Company with ongoing consulting services as may be reasonably required by the Company for a consideration of a monthly fee of $3 and indemnification of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Service Provider in connection with the services. The Company shall also grant the Service Provider options to purchase up to 100,000 ordinary shares of the Company according to terms that will be determined by the Board of Directors, which terms have not yet been determined by the date of approval of the financial statements.
  During 2010, the Company recorded an expense of $21 in accordance with the Services Agreement.
 
 d.
On December 21, 2008, the Special General Meeting of Shareholders approved that as part of a cost cutting plan, all of the Company's non-external directors, will join a temporary arrangement pursuant to which the remuneration payable to them shall be paid in fully vested options to purchase shares of the Company instead of in cash, effective October 1, 2008, for a minimum period of three months, with an option to the Company to extend it from time to time for additional consecutive periods of up to twelve (12) months in the aggregate. In addition (a) all options held by such non-external directors on October 27, 2008, shall be re-priced so that the exercise price thereof shall be $1.1 (the closing price of the Ordinary Share on said date), and (b) all such options with an expiration date prior to October 27, 2013, shall nonetheless be exercisable until October 27, 2013. (See also Note 14e2.)
 
 e.
As part of the debt extinguishment plan of the Company (see also Note 1d) and in accordance with their Services Agreement, the abovementioned Service Providers agreed to a partial forgiveness of the debts due to them under the former consulting agreements accrued from October 1, 2009 until July 8, 2010 which total amount was $245 and agreed to repayment in 1,083,071 warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company as consideration for the entire debts due. The fair value of the warrants was estimated as $130. The difference between the carrying amount of the amounts due and the fair value of the warrants was recognized as a capital gain. 
 f.
On July 25, 2010, the Board of directors of the Company elected Mrs. Tsviya Trabelsi to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mrs. Trabelsi is an officer at Sigma Wave Ltd., which is one of the major shareholders of the Company and the major holder of a principal amount of Convertible Bonds (see Note 13); and is also the wife of the Company’s current chief executive officer and the sister of one of the members of the Company’s board of directors. On May 12, 2011, the special general meeting approved the Service Agreement of the Company’s chairman of the board of directors whereby, her monthly fee will be calculated every month at 60% of the Company’s chief executive officer’s monthly cost. In addition to the above consideration, the Company shall bear all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the chairman in connection with her services and provide her with an automobile. 
 F - 45
 
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 
 NOTE 15:-
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Cont.)
 
 g.
Mr. David Mimon and Mr. Menachem Mirski were nominated to join as a directors to the Board of Directors on July 25, 2010. Mr. Shimon Cohen was nominated to join as an external director to the Board of Directors on September 15, 2010.
 
 h.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company accrued $71 as expenses arising from related party transactions providing consulting services.
 
 i.
As of December 31, 2009, the Company accrued $252 as employee and payroll expenses arising from a bridge loan that the Company received from its former Chairman of the Board of Directors This loan was paid in full by the Company on January 10, 2010.
 
 
 j.
Regarding a convertible bond held by a major shareholder see Note 13.
 
 NOTE 16:-     SEGMENTS, MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
 
 a.
Summary information about geographic areas:



The Company manages its business on the basis of one reportable segment (see Note 1 for a brief description of the Company's business) and follows the requirements of ASC Topic 280, "Segment Reporting".



The following is a summary of revenues from external customers of the continued operations within geographic areas and data regarding property and equipment, net:
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Total


Property and


Total


Property and


Total


Property andRevenues


Equipment, net


revenues


Equipment, net


revenues


Equipment, netRepublic of Moldova

$
15,193


$
-


$
8,180


$
-


$
6,770


$
-Hong Kong


310



7



76



4



-



-Ethiopia and Zanzibar


350



-



-



-



-



-United States


1,965



75



976



52



536



37Israel


294



136



72



101



83



73$$
18,112


$
218


$
9,304


$
157


$
7,389


$
110
 
 -
Revenues were attributed to countries based on the customer’s location.
 
 -
Property and equipment were classified based on geographic areas in which such property and equipment items are held.
 
 F - 46
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 
 NOTE 16:-     SEGMENTS, MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Cont.)
 
 b.
Summary of revenues from external customers of the continued operations based on products and services:
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Raw materials and equipment

$
15,048


$
6,884


$
3,822Maintenance, royalties and project management


3,064



2,420



3,567$
18,112


$
9,304


$
7,389
 
 c.
Major customer data as a percentage of total sales from external costumers of the continued operations:
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Customer A


30
%


67
%


92
%Customer B


54
%


21
%


-
 
 NOTE 17:-
OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSES
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Litigation expenses


8



130



-Gain from extinguishment of debts


-



-



(124
)Capital gain from sale of subsidiary


-



-



(272
)Net total

$
8


$
130


$
(396
)
 
 F - 47
 
 VUANCE LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.)
 U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
 NOTE 18:-
FINANCIAL EXPENSES, NET
 
 Year ended December 31,2008


2009


2010Financial expenses:Interest, amortization of discount, bank charges and fees (*)

$
(2,275
)

$
(592
)

$
(621
)Exchange differences


-



(32
)


(57
)Realized loss on sale of marketable securities


(862
)


-



-Others


(118
)


-



-Total financial expenses


(3,255
)


(624
)


(678
)Financial income:Exchange differences


62



-



-Interest


106



4



-Total financial income


168



4



-Net total

$
(3,087
)

$
(620
)

$
(678
)
 
 (*)
In 2008, 2009 and 2010, includes expenses of $2,214, $565 and $586_related to convertible bonds, respectively. (See Note 13 above).
 
 NOTE 19:-
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
 a.
On February 10, 2011 the Company received from an Israeli bank a credit line in an amount of $100. The credit line is secured by the personal guarantee of the Company’s CEO and chairman of the board of directors.
 
 b.
Further to the creditors’ arrangement described in Note 1d, the Company proposed the same arrangement to certain other creditors with a total debt amount of approximately $5,954 as of December 31, 2010. The consummation of such arrangement is subject to the approval of the District Court.
 F - 48
 
 ITEM 19.    Exhibits.
  1.11
Memorandum of Association of the Company.
 
 1.22
Articles of Association of the Company.
 
 2.11
Forms of Stock Certificates Representing ordinary shares.
 
 4.11
The Vuance Ltd. 1999 Employee Stock Option Plan (as Amended and Restated in 2002).
 
 4.1(a)3
The Vuance Ltd. 2003 Israeli Share Option Plan
 
 4.21
Stock Purchase Agreement between Vuance and Elad Ink, dated as of March 4, 2002.
 
 4.31
Stock Purchase Agreement between Vuance and ICTS BV, dated as of April 29, 2002.
 
 4.41
Stock Purchase Agreement between Vuance and ICTS-USA, Inc., dated as of September 27, 2002.
 
 4.55
Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Intelli-Site, Inc., Integrated Security Systems, Inc., Vuance, Inc. and Vuance Ltd. dated as of March 6, 2009.
 
 4.67
Agreement for Purchase and Sale of Business Assets between Vuance, Inc. and OLTIS Security Systems International, LLC, dated as of January 9, 2010.
 
 4.77
Asset Purchase Agreement between Vuance Ltd., Vuance, Inc., WidePoint Corporation and Advance Response Concepts Corporation, dated as of January 29, 2010.
 
 4.86
Subscription Agreement and Warrant Agreement between Vuance Ltd. and Mr. Yitzchak Babayov, dated as of March 22, 2010.
 
 4.9
Share Purchase Agreement for the sale of SuperCom Asia Pacific Ltd. between Vuance Ltd. and Mr. Steven Slom, Adv. as trustee for an undisclosed purchaser, dated October 21, 2010.
 
 4.10
Financing Agreement between Vuance Ltd. and Sigma Wave Ltd., dated March 30, 2011. (English translation of the Hebrew language agreement.)
 
 8
List of Subsidiaries of Vuance Ltd.
 
 11.14
Code of Ethics
 
 12.1
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 
 12.2
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 
 13.1
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 
 13.2
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 
 15.1
Consent of Fahn, Kanne & Co., a member of Grant Thornton, dated June 13, 2011.
  
 1
Previously filed as an exhibit to, and incorporated herein by reference from, the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed on September 14, 2004 (File No.: 0-50790).
 2
Previously submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on, and incorporated herein by reference from, Exhibit A to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s report on Form 6-K submitted on July 5, 2007 (File No.: 000-50790).
 3
Previously filed as Exhibit 99.2 to, and incorporated herein by reference from, the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-121231 filed on December 14, 2004).
 4
Previously filed as an exhibit to, and incorporated herein by reference from, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2008 (File No.: 001-33668).
 5
Previously filed as exhibits to, and incorporated herein by reference from, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2009 (File No.: 001-33668).
 6
Previously filed as exhibits to, and incorporated herein by reference from, Exhibit 10.1 and 10.2 to the Company’s report on Form 6-K submitted on April 5, 2010 (File No.: 001-33668).
 7
Previously filed as an exhibit to, and incorporated herein by reference from, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on July 23, 2010 (File No.: 001-33668).
 
 89
 
 SIGNATURE
  Vuance Ltd. hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
  VUANCE LTD./s/ Arie TrablesiBy:
Arie TrabelsiIts:
Chief Executive Officer
 Date: June 13, 2011