UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 21-4109

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

 Plaintiff – Appellee,

v.

LUIS ANALBERTO PINEDA ANCHECTA, a/k/a Luis Peneda, a/k/a Luis Analberto,

 Defendant – Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, at 

Charlotte. Robert J. Conrad, Jr., District Judge. (3:20-cr-00027-RJC-DCK-1)

Submitted: October 28, 2022 Decided: January 3, 2023

Before WYNN and RUSHING, Circuit Judges, and MOTZ, Senior Circuit Judge.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Anthony Martinez, Federal Public Defender, Ann L. Hester, Assistant Federal 

Public Defender, FEDERAL DEFENDERS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA, INC., 

Charlotte, North Carolina, for Appellant. William T. Stetzer, Acting United States 

Attorney, Anthony J. Enright, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE 

UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Charlotte, North Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:

Luis Analberto Pineda Anchecta (“Pineda”) appeals from his conviction after a jury 

trial for kidnapping in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(1). On appeal, Pineda argues that 

the prosecutor improperly relied on facts not in evidence during closing arguments and 

improperly vouched for a witness’s truthfulness, therefore violating his due process rights. 

We affirm. 

On appeal, we review a district court’s rulings on objections to closing arguments 

for abuse of discretion. United States v. Saint Louis, 889 F.3d 145, 156 (4th Cir. 2018).

“[A]n error of law by a district court is by definition an abuse of discretion.” In re Wray, 

433 F.3d 376, 378 n.* (4th Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). Whether a prosecutor “made an 

improper statement” during closing argument is an issue of law that we review de novo. 

United States v. Collins, 415 F.3d 304, 307 (4th Cir. 2005). 

When a defendant fails to object to a prosecutor’s statement during closing 

argument, we apply plain error review. United States v. Woods, 710 F.3d 195, 202 (4th Cir. 

2013). Under plain error review, a defendant must show that the district court “committed

an ‘error’ that was ‘plain,’” and “that the error affected [the defendant’s] substantial rights 

thereby impacting the outcome of his trial.” Id. (quoting United States v. Gonzales–Flores, 

701 F.3d 112, 115 (4th Cir. 2012)). And “even when a defendant establishes the above 

elements of plain error, ‘we may nevertheless decline to notice the error unless it seriously 

affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.’” Id. (quoting 

Gonzales-Flores, 701 F.3d at 115). 

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“In determining whether a defendant’s due process rights were violated by a 

prosecutor’s closing argument, we consider (1) whether the remarks were, in fact, 

improper, and, (2) if so, whether the improper remarks so prejudiced the defendant’s 

substantial rights that the defendant was denied a fair trial.” United States v. Lighty, 616 

F.3d 321, 359 (4th Cir. 2010).

Upon review of the parties’ briefs and the record, we find that the prosecutor’s 

remarks were not improper and, even assuming they were, the remarks did not prejudice 

Pineda’s substantial rights such that he was denied a fair trial. Accordingly, we affirm the 

district court’s judgment. 

We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are 

adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the 

decisional process.

AFFIRMED

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