UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 17-4330

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

SIDNEY DAVIS,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at 

Orangeburg. J. Michelle Childs, District Judge. (5:16-cr-00162-JMC-1)

Submitted: October 30, 2017 Decided: December 1, 2017

Before GREGORY, Chief Judge, and TRAXLER and AGEE, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Kimberly H. Albro, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Columbia, South Carolina, for 

Appellant. Beth Drake, United States Attorney, William K. Witherspoon, Assistant 

United States Attorney, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

Sidney Davis pled guilty without a plea agreement to possession of a firearm by a 

convicted felon, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) (2012), and possession of a stolen firearm, 18 

U.S.C. § 922(j) (2012). Davis’ Guidelines range was 15-21 months. At sentencing, the 

district court granted the United States’ motion for an upward variance and sentenced 

Davis to concurrent 45-month terms. Davis appeals, claiming that his sentence is 

unreasonable. 

I

“[A]ny sentence, within or outside of the Guidelines range, as a result of a 

departure or a variance, must be reviewed by appellate courts for reasonableness pursuant 

to an abuse of discretion standard.” United States v. Diosdado-Star, 630 F.3d 359, 365

(4th Cir. 2010); see also Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 (2007); Rita v. United 

States, 551 U.S. 338, 350 (2007). This review requires consideration of both the 

procedural and substantive reasonableness of the sentence. Id.; see United States v. Lynn, 

592 F.3d 572, 575 (4th Cir. 2010). We first decide whether the district court correctly 

calculated the defendant’s advisory Guidelines range, considered the § 3553(a) factors, 

analyzed the arguments presented by the parties, and sufficiently explained the selected 

sentence. Id. at 575-76; see United States v. Carter, 564 F.3d 325, 330 (4th Cir. 2009). 

With respect to the explanation of the sentence, “[r]egardless of whether the 

district court imposes an above, below, or within-Guidelines sentence, it must place on 

the record an individualized assessment based on the particular facts of the case before 

it.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted); see Gall, 552 U.S. at 50. While the 
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“individualized assessment need not be elaborate or lengthy, . . . it must provide a 

rationale tailored to the particular case and [be] adequate to permit meaningful appellate 

review.” Carter, 564 F.3d at 330 (internal quotation marks omitted). 

If we determine that a sentence is free of significant procedural error, we then 

consider the substantive reasonableness of the sentence. Lynn, 592 F.3d at 575. 

“Substantive reasonableness examines the totality of the circumstances to see whether the 

sentencing court abused its discretion in concluding that the sentence it chose satisfied 

the standards set forth in § 3553(a).” United States v. Mendoza-Mendoza, 597 F.3d 212, 

216 (4th Cir. 2012). 

II

We conclude that Davis’ sentence is procedurally and substantively reasonable. 

The district court sufficiently explained its reasons for imposing a sentence above the 

Guidelines range. The court was chiefly concerned about a child’s accidental death 

resulting from Davis’ negligence regarding the gun. The record reflects that Davis was 

frequently visited by neighborhood children. One two-year-old child discovered Davis’ 

loaded gun in a bedroom and fatally shot himself. Additionally, the court concluded that 

Davis’ criminal history score did not adequately reflect his criminal history. 

Davis makes a number of specific complaints regarding sentencing. He asserts

that the district court did not make clear whether it was departing or varying from the 

Guidelines range. While it is true that the court mentioned both “departure” and 

“variance” throughout sentencing, it is, for purposes of our review, inconsequential 

whether the sentence was a departure or a variance because “the practical effects of 
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applying either a departure or a variance are the same.” United States v. Diosdado-Star, 

630 F.3d at 365. 

Davis claims that the district court “failed to provide an analysis for an increase in 

criminal history above the maximum level.” We find no support in the sentencing 

transcript for a claim that the court moved across and/or down the Sentencing Table to 

find a Guidelines range that included a 45-month sentence. Rather, the court explained 

why it found that the Guidelines range of 15-21 months was too low, granted the motion 

for a variance, and explained its reasons for imposing what it concluded was an 

appropriate sentence. 

Finally, Davis contends that U.S. Sentencing Guidelines § 5K2.0(a)(2) (2016) was 

inapplicable and the district court did not adequately explain why it varied based on this 

Guideline. A sentencing court may depart upward under USSG § 5K2.0 “in the 

exceptional case” if an aggravating circumstance is not specifically “identified in the 

[G]uidelines, but . . . is relevant to determining the appropriate sentence.” USSG 

§ 5K2.0(a)(2) (B). 

The Guidelines do not take into account the death of a child resulting from the 

negligent possession of a firearm; accordingly, we conclude that a variance under 

§ 5K2.0(a)(2) was appropriate. Further, the court made clear at sentencing that it 

considered a variance proper under both that Guideline and 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) (2012). 

Given the child’s death resulting from Davis’ negligence, we find that the variance was 

also reasonable in light of relevant statutory sentencing factors. See United States v. 

Evans, 526 F.3d 155, 164 (4th Cir. 2008).
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III

We accordingly hold that Davis’ arguments are without merit and that his sentence 

is procedurally and substantively reasonable. Accordingly, we affirm. We dispense with 

oral argument because the facts and legal arguments are adequately presented in the 

materials before us and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED