SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

1303 

CA 16-01142 

PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., CENTRA, LINDLEY, DEJOSEPH, AND SCUDDER, JJ. 

 

SONYA J. O’HARA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, 

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

HOLIDAY FARM, DONALD SCHWARTZ, MARCIA SCHWARTZ 

AND CHRISTINA PIEMONTE, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS. 

 

WILLIAM MATTAR, P.C., WILLIAMSVILLE (MATTHEW J. KAISER OF COUNSEL),

FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT. 

BARCLAY DAMON, LLP, SYRACUSE (MATTHEW J. LARKIN OF COUNSEL), FOR

DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT CHRISTINA PIEMONTE. 

 

Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Oswego County (James

W. McCarthy, J.), entered March 4, 2016. The order, among other

things, granted the motion of defendant Christina Piemonte for summary

judgment dismissing the amended complaint against her. 

It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is

unanimously affirmed without costs.

Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for

injuries she allegedly sustained when her vehicle collided with a

horse owned by Christina Piemonte (defendant). The horse had escaped

from a stall at defendant Holiday Farm, which was owned and operated

by defendants Donald Schwartz and Marcia Schwartz. Plaintiff, as

limited by her brief, appeals from an order that, inter alia, granted

defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the amended

complaint against her. As a preliminary matter, we note Supreme

Court’s failure to set forth its reasons for granting defendant’s

motion (see generally McMillian v Burden, 136 AD3d 1342, 1343).

Contrary to plaintiff’s contention, the court properly granted

that part of defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the

amended complaint against her insofar as it alleges common-law

negligence. A horse is classified as a “[d]omestic animal” in

Agriculture and Markets Law § 108 (7), and it is well established that

“a landowner or the owner of an animal may be liable under ordinary

tort-law principles when a farm animal—i.e., a domestic animal as that

term is defined in Agriculture and Markets Law § 108 (7)—is

negligently allowed to stray from the property on which the animal is

kept” (Hastings v Suave, 21 NY3d 122, 125-126). Nevertheless,

defendant established as a matter of law that “ ‘the animal’s presence

on the [road] was not caused by [her] negligence’ ” (Johnson v Waugh,
-2- 1303 

CA 16-01142 

244 AD2d 594, 596, lv denied 91 NY2d 810), inasmuch as Holiday Farm

was solely responsible for keeping the horse confined in a stall or

other enclosure at the facility at all times, and defendant last

visited the horse at Holiday Farm four days prior to the incident. 

Although “[a]n inference of negligence arises under the doctrine of

res ipsa loquitur when the plaintiff establishes that the event does

not ordinarily occur in the absence of negligence and that the agency

or instrumentality causing the injury is within the exclusive control

of the defendant” (Loeffler v Rogers, 136 AD2d 824, 824; see Emlaw v

Clark, 26 AD3d 790, 791), the record establishes that defendant was

not in exclusive control of the horse or the barn and stalls where the

horse was kept. Plaintiff’s contention that defendant is vicariously

liable for the negligence of a horse trainer who was at Holiday Farm

the day before the incident is not properly before us inasmuch as it

is raised for the first time on appeal (see Ciesinski v Town of

Aurora, 202 AD2d 984, 985). 

Contrary to plaintiff’s further contention, the court properly

granted that part of defendant’s motion for summary judgment

dismissing the amended complaint against her insofar as it alleges

strict liability (see generally Vichot v Day, 80 AD3d 851, 852). 

Defendant met her initial burden by “establishing that [she] did not

know of any vicious propensities on the part of [her horse]” (Doerr v

Goldsmith, 25 NY3d 1114, 1116; see Tennant v Tabor, 89 AD3d 1461,

1462), inasmuch as the testimony and sworn statements of defendant and

Donald Schwartz established that, prior to the incident, defendant’s

horse had never escaped from a stall or any other similar enclosure,

was never violent, and had never harmed anyone. In opposition,

plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a triable issue of

fact whether defendant had notice of any harmful or vicious

propensities. There is no evidence in the record that the horse’s

behavior was “ ‘abnormal to its class’ ” (Tennant, 89 AD3d at 1463),

or constituted “atypical equine behavior” (Bloomer v Shauger, 94 AD3d

1273, 1275, affd 21 NY3d 917). Furthermore, even assuming, arguendo,

that the horse had a propensity to kick or destroy his stall, we

conclude that such propensity did not result in the injury giving rise

to the lawsuit (see Bloomer, 94 AD3d at 1275). Here, after the

horse’s escape, there was no damage to his stall, and plaintiff’s own

expert concluded that “[w]ithin a reasonable degree of certainty in

the stable management field, and seeing as there was no damage to the

latch or stall door, it was impossible for [the horse] to escape from

the stall and stable without the door being unlatched.”

Entered: February 3, 2017 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court