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Department of Homeland Security Biometrics Overview

Neal Latta

US-VISIT IDENT Program Manager

Importance of Biometric Standards in Post 9/11 Environment

Dramatic Increase in Utilization of Biometric Data- US-VISIT Registration and Watchlist- Enforcement- e-Passport- Registered Traveler Programs

Increased Sharing of Data Between Applications and AgenciesIncreased Civil SubmissionsDeployment of Mobile, Rapid Identification SystemsNew Technologies

- “Slap” Scanners- “Fast Scan”

Improved Algorithms and Analysis- NIST FpVTE, SDK Tests, SlapSeg 04

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DHS Biometrics ApplicationsBiometrics Study Group Chartered to Assess DHS Use of Biometrics

Identified Over 60 Biometrics Initiatives Across 10 DHS Organizations

Provided Recommendations for Developing Coordinated DHS Approach

Key Recommendations/StrategyCommon standards, unified processes, one identity should characterize the Department’s biometrics strategy.

A common set of standards will enable greatly enhanced interoperability among systems and processes, increased coordination among stakeholders, and more targeted research and development.  

Unified processes will enable the Department to realize greater efficiencies and cost savings through the consolidation of like activities, and will facilitate the sharing of knowledge and resources.  

Establishing and confirming one identity for each individual that crosses all business processes across the Department will greatly improve the Department’s ability to perform its mission.

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DHS BiometricsDepartment of 

Homeland Security

U.S. Coast Guard

Common Access CardInvestigative Case ManagemeInvestigative CredentialingInt’l Seafarers ID CardPilotage ID CardMariners Admin CardMobile IDENTMerchant mariners CardTWICSHelath Record DNA

U.S. Citizenship & Immigration 

Services•Application Support Centers•Asylum•Biometric Storage System•Integrated Card Production•Image Storage 7 retrieval•Refugee

Border and Transportation 

Security

U.S. Secret Service

•AFIS

US-VISIT

•E-Passport•IDENT

Customs and Border Patrol•Airport Security•Biometric Verification Syste•Bonded Warehouse•Carriers License•Centralized Exam Station•Credentialing•Foreign Trade Zone•Global Enrollment System•INSPASS•NEXUS•SENTRI•TECS

Transportation Security Agency

•Airport Access Control•Alien flight Student•Armed LEO•Credentialing•HazMat Driver•MD3 Workers•Registered Travler•TWIC

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

•AFIX Tracker•Detention & Removal•ENFORCE•Federal air Marshall•Federal Protective Service•Forensic document Lab•IDENT•IDENT/IAFIS•NSEERS

Chief Information 

Officer•DHS Smart Card•Employee ID Card (PIV)

Management

•• nt••••••••

m

Criminal: >2.4M IAFIS EFTS Transactions/YrENFORCE/IDENT - 10-Print Used to Simultaneously search & enroll into IAFIS and IDENT

DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST (EFTS) Fingerprint Standard

Civilian: >3M IAFIS EFTS Transactions/YrCriminal Background Checks of IAFIS• TSA – Credentialing Programs Such As HazMat Driver,  Foreign

Flight Student, Screeners, etc.• CIS – Applicants for DHS Benefits• CBP – International Registered Travelers, Truckers (FAST)• DHS – Employee Criminal Background Checks• US-VISIT - Uses EFTS format for transmission of 2-P EXIT 

Transactions

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DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

Submissions to IAFIS (2004)

ENFORCECISTSACBP

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DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard

External Receipt of ANSI/NIST (EFTS) Records• FBI IAFIS 

- Wanted (Daily Updates)  (>500K)- Terrorists (>10K)- Aliens with Criminal History (310,000)- Sexual Registrants (13,000)

• California Department of Justice (10,128)• Los Angeles County (33,449)• Interpol (1,699)• Department of Defense (85,486)

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DHS IDENT Overview

VISITVISIT

RecidivistRecidivist

BCCBCC

AsylumAsylum

DoSDoS

CBP/ICE

CBP/ICE

VisitVisit

Photo FingerprintsText

Biometric ServiceBiometric Service

• 2-p flat• 2-p rolled• 10-p rolled• 10-p flat (2005)

Identification(1:many)Verification (1:1) 

Highlights• 35 Million People (FINS)• 45 Million Transactions (Encounters) Processed• 125,000 Transactions/Day• Over 9 Million Identifications• Over 15,000 Wanted Criminals Identified (Including 

DC Snipers)• NIST Certified Accuracy*• Matcher Power of 50 Million Matches/Sec• Inputs From Over:

- 15,000 Users - 5,000 Clients - 180 Countries

• Automated Synchronization with FBI IAFIS

IDENT:  Biometric processing system for rapid identification and verification utilizing fingerprints

WatchlistWatchlist 1.2M

7.1M

21.1M

6.6M

0.4M

• Wants & Warrants• Terrorists• Sexual Offenders• Criminal Histories• Deported Felons

LatentLatent 0.7M

AsylumAsylum

CVTCVT

FBIFBI

New (2005)TSACISUSCGIRT

BCCBCC

ENFORCEMENT

Civilian

*96.7% TAR, 0.01% FAR

US-VISIT: Continuum of Security Measures – Current StatusPre-entry:  - More than 211 Department of State visa-issuing posts collect biographic and biometric data 

Process:• Visitors place the left, then the right index finger on the fingerscanner• Photograph is scanned into the system• Fingerscans are checked against watchlists and are linked to the travel document• Travel document is not issued until biometrics are verified

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US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security Measures – Current StatusEntry:  Digital fingerscans are checked against a database of known and suspected terrorists and criminals to determine the person applying for entry into the U.S. is the same person issued the visa.

Process:• Visitors place the left, then the right index finger on the fingerscanner• A digital photograph is taken

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US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security MeasuresStatus Management:

• Should the traveler seek to adjust status or extend his/her stay, US-VISIT would be updated with any modifications to the individual’s status.

• Arrival and departure records are reconciled, and any inconsistency allows US-VISIT to determine when a visitor has overstayed.

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Exit:  In August 2004, the exit pilot program was expanded to various airports and seaports.

Visitors may experience the following:

or

1. A self-service exit station, supported by a contracted US-VISIT Workstation      Attendant (WSA).

2.  A mobile device operated at the gate area by a WSA.

US-VISIT: Continuum of Security Measures – Exit

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or

US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security Measures – Exit

3. A self-service exit station and a WSA who will confirm the visitor’s receipt at the gate of departure.

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ENFORCE/IDENTDeployed at:

- 113 Border Patrol Stations- 103 POEs (All by 8/2005)- 31 District Offices

In 2004:- 1.1M IAFIS Hits- 1.8M IDENT Hits

43K IDENT/IAFIS Transactions Per Week Average

Parallel 10-P, 2-P Processing

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Matcher Controllers

Visit MaleMatcherCluster

WatchlistMatcherClusterEID

DatabaseServer

Transaction Manager

LookoutMatcherCluster

IDENTClient

(Dallas)

(Dallas)

RecidivistMatcherCluster

Matcher Controllers

Sto

red

Pro

cedu

res

ICENETWAN

FBIIAFISJABS

2 rolled print

CJISWAN

10 rolled print(EFTS)

LAN

ICENETWAN

ICENETWAN

ENFORCE/IDENT

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IDENT Latent Capability

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DHS Perspective: What’s Next?

Increased Need to Share Linked Biometric and Biographical Information (XML, CBEFF, BioAPI)

Multiple Biometric Types (Fingerprint, IRIS, Facial, etc.)

Need for Open, Non-proprietary Systems

Emphasis on Data Quality to Enhance Match Accuracies

Need Standards for Less Than 10-P Systems

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- Department of Homeland Security
- Importance of Biometric Standards in Post 9/11 Environment
- DHS Biometrics Applications
- DHS Biometrics
- DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST (EFTS) Fingerprint Standard
- DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard
- DHS Utilization of ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard
- DHS IDENT Overview
- US-VISIT: Continuum of Security Measures – Current Status
- US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security Measures – Current Status
- US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security Measures
- US-VISIT: Continuum of Security Measures – Exit
- US-VISIT: A Continuum of Security Measures – Exit
- ENFORCE/IDENT
- ENFORCE/IDENT
- IDENT Latent Capability
- DHS Perspective: What’s Next?