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Department of Homeland Security Less Than 10–Print Processing

Neal Latta

US-VISIT IDENT Program Manager

Less Than 10-P Processing

2-P Systems Becoming More CommonOffer Significant AdvantagesBut Interoperability Issues Remain

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Examples of Less Than 10-P•Border Control•Mobile Law Enforcement•Social Services/Welfare•Driver’s License Identity Management•Voter Registration Fraud Detection

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US-VISIT US-VISIT IDENT

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10 sec response  3,335 Watchlist Hits0.1% False Hit Rate

Photo Fingerprints

TerroristsWanted CriminalsSexual OffendersImmigration Violators

Watchlist CategoriesWatchlist

FingerprintDatabase

(1.2 Million)

Sear

ch

US-VISITFingerprintDatabase

(21  Million)

If no Watchlist hit, search & enroll into US-VISIT

HIT

!

24.9 Million Travelers Processed

Entry:Search & Enroll

Statistics as of 4/20/2005

Mobile Law EnforcementExample Hennepin County,

Minnesota

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Remote Terminal Device• 2 Fingerprint images• Photograph• Text

CDMA(VPN)

Identification Based Information System

(IBIS) 

VPNThroughFirewall Mail Server

MinnesotaBureau of

Criminal Affairs

PIXFirewall

State AFIS

IDEN

TID

ENT

IDEN

T

Mail Server

DHS

SMTP SMTP

SRT/ERRT

TPIS Watchlist

Recidivist

• Parallel 2-P Searches of Stateand DHS Fingerprint Systems

152 Mobile Devices Currently Used in LA, Ontario and Alameda  Counties, California and  Portland, Oregon

Advantages of Less Than 10-P

• Lower Scanner Costs• Greater Subject Acceptance• More Rapid Fingerprint Capture• Less Required Bandwidth for Transmission• Lower Data Storage Volumes/Costs• Faster Search Times• Lower Overall System Costs

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Issues of Less Than 10-P• Lack of Interoperability Standards

- Image Quality- Image Aspects (Size, Resolution, etc.)- Number of/Which Fingers- Template Definition

• No Scanner Compliance Standards• Reduced Information Available: Effect on TAR/FAR

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TAR/FAR EffectsNIST (NISTR 7110) Evaluated US-VISIT 2-P Performance

• TAR Is Independent of Database Size (At least Up to 6M)• FAR Increases With Database Size• Both TAR and FAR Affected By Image Quality• 1:many Accuracy For a 2-finger Search Against a 6M Subject 

Database is 95% With a False Hit Rate of 0.08% (Exceeding US-Visit Requirements)

• Using 2 Fingers, The 1:1 Matching Accuracy was 99.5% With A False Accept Rate of 0.1% (Exceeding Visit Requirements)

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Impact of gallery size on performance (FAR)

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US-VISIT Database Growth

1 Million

2 Million

3 Million

4 Million

5 Million

6 Million

7 Million

8 Million

Months After Initial Deployment

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple 

in V

isit 

Mat

cher

s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

(Oct. 1, 2004)Initiation of Visa Waiver Country Processing

= Visit Female= Visit Male

01/05/2004

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US-VISIT Database Growth

0.000%

0.100%

0.200%

0.300%

0.400%

0.500%

0.600%

1 Million 2 Million 3 Million 4 Million 5 Million 6 Million 7 Million 8 Million

= Visit Female

= Visit Male

Number of People in Visit Matchers

Fals

e A

ccep

t Rat

e (F

AR

)

(Oct. 1, 2004)Initiation of Visa Waiver Country Processing = NIST Analysis

US-VISIT Database Growth

0.4% FAR Results in (0.4% x 100K Trxs/Day) = 400 Examiner Verifications

• Effect of FAR Is Driven By Operational Issues- In “Lights Out” System Must Have Trade-off with TAR- In Human Verification System, Examiner Load Becomes Issue

• Example:

• 24x7 Availability of Examiners Will allow US-VISIT To Grow To Very Large Size

• But Eventually Will Need To Reduce FAR- Additional Biometric- Better Image Quality

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NIST Accuracy Chart

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2-P Interoperability Issues• NIST Image Quality Analysis

- Recommends That Image Sizes Below 320 by 320 Not Be Used

- Found Decrease in TAR (1:1) From 98.6% to 76.2% for180 by 180 in Comparison to 368 by 368 For SingleFinger

- Image Compression in The Range Up to 20 to 1 Produces Minimal Effects on Accuracy

• Which Fingers?• Template Definition• Do We Need A 2-P Scanner Certification Process?

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- Department of Homeland Security
- Less Than 10-P Processing
- Examples of Less Than 10-P
- US-VISIT
- Mobile Law Enforcement
- Advantages of Less Than 10-P
- Issues of Less Than 10-P
- TAR/FAR Effects
- Impact of gallery size on performance (FAR)
- US-VISIT Database Growth
- US-VISIT Database Growth
- US-VISIT Database Growth
- NIST Accuracy Chart
- 2-P Interoperability Issues