Analysis: Type 10 vs. ANS

Paul Griffin, Ph.D.Chief Technology OIdentixApril 2005
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Topics/Questions

• Type 10s can consist of face images denoted by the “FAC” IMG entry. • ANSI 385 encodes face image data and factors present in the image and during image creation.• What is the overlap between type 10 and ANSI 385?• What additional capabilities would be achieved by adding more fields to type 10?• What is in 385 that is a candidate for 

inclusion into a new type 10?

• Is there a logical “fit” between type 10 and 385 or should 385 be added 

whole elsewhere?
Image Inform
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Image Information 

Type 10

• Photo Date• Width/Height• Scale Units• Color Space

– YCC – RGB 888– Grayscale

• Compression

– JPEG – JPEGL (Lossless)

A

• Photo D• Width/H• Not pres• Color Sp

– YUV – RGB – Gray

• Compres

– JPEG– JPEG
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Image Info in 385 not in Typ

• Source Type • Some us

– Unknown Photo identifyi– Digital Camera film to c– Scanner log-gam– Video Frame Analog between – Video Frame Digital photogra– etc • Interlaci

• Device Type be remo

– Vendor ID when so

• Quality • Interlace

– Placeholder intended to capture 

represent expected match forbiddeperformance applicati
x y

z

11.5

11.4

11.2

10.2

10.4

10.10

10.8

10.6

2.14

7.1

11.6 4.6

4.4

4.2

5.2

5.4

2.10

2.12

2.1

11.1

Tongue

6.2 6.4 6.3

6.1

Mouth

8.1

8.9 8.10 8.5

8.3

8.7

8.2

8.8

8.4

8.6

2.2

2.3

2.6

2.9 2.8

2.5 2.7 2.4

2.1

2.12 2.11

2.14

2.10

2.13

10.6

10.8

10.4

10.2

10.10

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.1

10.1

10.9

10.3

10.5

10.7

4.1 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2

11.2 11.1 11.3

11.411.5

x

y

z

Nose

9.6 9.7

9.14 9.13

9.12

9.2

9.4 9.15 9.5

9.3

9.1

Teeth

9.10 9.11

9.89.9

Feature points affected by FAPsOther feature points

Right eye Left eye

3.13

3.7

3.9

3.53.13.3

3.11

3.14

3.10

3.12 3.6

3.43.2

3.8

Feature 
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Why include feature points?

• “Minutia” of the face

– Required for all face matching algo

the eye positions at minimum for 2

– Can be automatically determined w

(mainly frontal face) data.

– Can be difficult to determine in low

significant pose

• Future Forensic Face Applications

– Submitting non-frontal non-high-qu

for searching will require feature poon the client

– Similar to minutia markup of latent

investigator workstations
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 8

On Forensic Face

• Applications are being developed 

images are used for lookup either finger or stand-alone investigation

• Significant manipulation of the fac

be required – sharpening, gamma noise removal, frame merging, po

• Landmarks and pose information 

submitted along with the face imathe search system(s).

• Functionality requires additions to 

ITL-2000 – feature points, new po
Facial Informa
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Differences in Philosophy 

Type 10 A

• Can denote “unique” • Encapsu

permanent physical propertiecharacteristics of body image dper NCIC code manual examina

– Moles photogra– Scars – Eye c

– Tattoos – Hair 

– Missing body parts – Obse

– Eye color • Encapsu

– Hair color face pro

• Encapsulates some with face 

temporary characteristics performa

– Pose – Expre

– Hat/scarf – Blink

– glasses – 3D p

– glass
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Permanent Physical Characte

• Type 10, via NCIC code manual, a

much richer encoding of these ch

– Unlikely that 385 can contribute ne– Organization could be improved to 

input by users...
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Temporary Image Characteri

• For the face, 385 offers a richer 

parameterization of these indicatofocus on face match performance

– Teeth visible– Mouth open– Smile (closed jaw)– Smile (mouth open)– Raised eyebrows– Eyes looking away from camera– Squinting– Frowning

• Useful indicators for forensic face 
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Pose angles in 385

• Superset of Type 10

– Encoding difference need 

to be addressed

• 3D pose angles in 385

– Yaw: same angle as 

subject pose in type 10

– Pitch: difficult issue for 

face match algorithms

– Roll: easier to 

compensate for using image processing 

• Will typically be required 

manual input for forensic face applications
On Quality
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Activity/Status

Resolution Under ExpGood ConWell FocuOthers (H...)

• NIST (Grother) is working 

to develop face quality methodology

• Identix and others are 

developing quality metrics

• Placeholders in ANSI and 

ISO formats 

• However, not ready to 

mandate a universal face quality score for frontal face images

• And not ready to certify 

face quality modules Head View

Face PreseDetectable Others (Na

Livenes

Face GeomWearing E

Glare)

High ResoProper Lig

Backgro
On Face Image 
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Full Frontal Face Image Type

• A single “application • Similar c

profile”, the frontal image finger imtype encapsulates most 31 requirequirements for superior WSQ 15mug shot capture • Similar t

– The PIV application profile photo m

starts with this and practices improves by mandating compression and source – Lists 

constraints requ

• This is not present in lighti

Type 10, which relies – Com

requ

upon other “best impopractice” documentation
Recommendat
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Options to Extend Type 10 (p

1. Add color JPEG2000 as an allowe

format

1. Superior human examination 

fixed compression compared t

2. Add source type to aid in artifact 

gamma (gain) correction.

3. Add quality measure with algorit

identifier

4. Add feature point(s) Facial Imag

1. Essential for face search appli2. Possible use for skull forensics
© 2005 Identix Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Options to Extend Type 10

5. Add 3D pose angle set.

1. Essential for face investigator 

6. Add Frontal Mug Shot Applicatio

1. Including compression limits2. Including capture source requirem3. Make into the improved Mug Shot 

7. Add Temporary Face Image Attr

1. Expression, blinking, etc.2. Helpful to face match algorithms.
Thank You. Q