IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-1281

Filed October 28, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF A.R., D.R., J.C., AND J.C.,

Minor Children,

A.M., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Colin Witt, District 

Associate Judge.

The mother appeals the district court’s termination of her parental rights to 

her children, A.R., D.R., J.C., and J.C. AFFIRMED.

Erin Carr of Carr & Wright, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, John Sarcone, County Attorney, and Dominic Anania, 

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.

William Sales of Sales Law Firm, P.C., for appellee father.

Charles Fuson of the Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and 

guardian ad litem for minor children.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Tabor, JJ.
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VOGEL, Judge.

The mother appeals the district court’s termination of her parental rights to 

her children, A.R., D.R., J.C., and J.C. She asserts the district court should have 

granted her an additional six months to work towards reunification and it 

improperly found reasonable efforts had been made to reunite her with the 

children. We conclude that, due to the mother’s lack of progress and the 

children’s need for stability, additional time should not be granted. Moreover, 

extensive services were offered to the mother and, consequently, her argument 

that the State failed to make reasonable efforts is without merit. We therefore 

affirm the district court’s order terminating the mother’s parental rights.

A.R., born August 2011, D.R., born December 2008, J.C.-1, born 

December 2005, and J.C.-2, born April 2007, were removed from the mother’s 

care on January 25, 2013.

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 The mother’s parental rights to all four children were 

terminated by the district court on July 19, 2014. The court reasoned: 

8. The Mother has not addressed any of the reasons for 

which the children were adjudicated in the CINA cases.

9. The Mother has not provided drug screens.

10. The Mother has been largely uncooperative with any and 

all professionals and social workers.

11. The Mother’s testimony from April 24, 2014 best 

indicates that she refuses to acknowledge any need for mental 

health assessment, treatment or counseling.

12. The record establishes that over the course of the child 

welfare cases, she attended approximately half of the visits with her 

children.

13. The bottom line is the Mother has been in large measure 

actively working against the professionals in this case, unwilling to 

make any changes in her own life despite obvious need in order for 

her to be minimally adequate as a parent to one or four children.

 

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J.C.-1 and J.C.-2 were placed in the care of their biological father; A.R. and D.R. were 

later placed in pre-adoptive family foster care. The parental rights of A.R. and D.R.’s 

father were previously terminated.
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See In re A.R., D.R., J.C., & J.C., 865 N.W.2d 619, 621 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015). 

The mother appealed, and our court reversed, finding the State had failed to 

prove her rights should be terminated pursuant to Iowa Code section 

232.116(1)(d) (2013), which was the only ground on which the juvenile court 

terminated her rights. Id. at 633.

The State again petitioned to terminate the mother’s parental rights on 

May 5, 2015. A termination hearing was held on July 7, in which the mother 

testified. On July 13, 2015, the district court entered an order terminating the 

mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f)—as to J.C.-

1, J.C.-2, and D.R.—and (h)—as to A.R. Specifically, it stated:

5) [The mother] has refused to engage in services offered to 

assist in reunification prior to the original termination of parental 

rights, including refusing transportation assistance, drug treatment, 

housing assistance, and parenting classes.

6) The few services [the mother] proved amenable to, 

including visitation, were highly limited and had to be structured and 

supervised heavily.

7) On many occasions, [the mother] sabotaged the visits 

offered her and instead chose to engage in power struggles with 

DHS staff.

8) After termination of parental rights, [the mother] made little 

effort to maintain a relationship with her children.

9) [The mother] has been herself placed in a women’s 

shelter as a result of a domestic violence event of which she was 

the perpetrator.

10) The victim of this act of domestic violence is her current 

paramour, with whom [the mother] aims to reside after discharge.

11) [The mother] has progressed steadily at her current 

placement at Beacon of Life.

12) [The mother] has demonstrated the capacity to manage 

her behavior once she was placed on probation, when she rather 

than her children face personal consequences for her actions.

13) [The mother] could not complete all of the requisite 

batterer’s intervention curriculum she has been assigned by the 

State of Iowa within six months.
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14) [The mother] still has not completed any substantial 

parenting education despite this being an offered and required 

service since the opening of the underlying CINA case.

It further found the State made reasonable efforts to reunite the mother with the 

children, and the mother should not be granted an additional six months to work 

towards reunification. The mother appeals the court’s order regarding the latter 

two issues.

We review termination proceedings de novo. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 

64 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999). The grounds for termination must be proved by clear 

and convincing evidence. Id. Our primary concern is the child’s best interest. Id. 

With regard to the mother’s reasonable-efforts claim, the district court 

noted:

Reasonable efforts by the State were clearly made prior to the 

initial termination determination, including offering a plethora of 

services (nearly all of which were refused or defeated by [the 

mother]) as well as visitation (which was also hampered by [the 

mother’s] unaddressed mental health issues). It is telling that [the 

mother] failed to properly request additional services then and now, 

and in fact spent the majority of the time actively and forcefully 

refusing any sort of assistance. It is also worth noting that 

according to court testimony, [the mother] was in fact provided 

contact information for the children’s therapists after termination, 

and could have used that information to work towards a closer 

relationship with her children; however, [the mother] instead chose 

to use this opportunity to harass and verbally assail the therapist, 

thus perpetuating her cycle of reactive and unmanaged behavior.

The record supports the court’s determination. Prior to the July 19, 2014 

termination, the State offered the following services to the mother:2supervised 

visitation; individual counseling; family therapy; batterer’s education; parenting 

 

2 Prior to the current proceedings, the mother was found to have been the perpetrator in 

five child abuse assessments. From this record, it is clear a host of services have been 

provided to the mother since at least 2009. 
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classes; substance abuse treatment; drug screening; family safety, risk, and 

permanency services; and transportation assistance. The State ceased offering 

some of these services once the mother’s rights were initially terminated, though 

the mother still had access to individual counseling and substance abuse 

treatment. The children’s therapist placed the significant trauma the children 

have suffered squarely on the mother’s behavior and cautioned against further 

visits. The mother was offered ample services over the course of many years;

however, she failed to take advantage of them and, in some instances, actively 

inhibited them. Therefore, we conclude reasonable efforts were made such that 

termination of the mother’s parental rights was appropriate. See In re C.B., 611 

N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000) (noting that “the reasonable efforts requirement is 

not viewed as a strict substantive requirement of termination”).

Furthermore, we agree with the court the mother should not be granted 

additional time to work towards reunification. The children have been out of the 

mother’s care since February 2013, and she has yet to make any adequate

progress. Rather, the mother has continued to engage in criminal behavior. On 

December 26, 2014, she was convicted of domestic abuse assault and placed on 

probation on February 12, 2015; however, the mother violated probation when 

she threatened to assault the DHS worker.3 A report of the violation was created

on March 11, 2015, which noted the mother was arrested for possession of a 

 

3 The violation report noted the mother:

[M]ade multiple threatening comments about assaulting her former DHS 

worker. She stated that if she ran into her she would send her to the 

hospital and it would be serious with broken bones and plates in her face, 

and [the mother] would talk to her the whole time during the assault. She 

also said if she’d known how her DHS case would turn out, she would 

have jumped her then or followed her home.
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controlled substance, operating while intoxicated, operating while her license was 

suspended, and failure to use headlamps. Given this behavior, it is clear the 

mother’s actions have yet to improve in a manner that would allow her to parent 

the children. “We have repeatedly followed the principle that the statutory time

line must be followed and children should not be forced to wait for their parent to 

grow up.” In re N.F., 579 N.W.2d 338, 341 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998); see also Iowa 

Code § 232.116(2). The mother remains unable to care for the children, and the 

record makes clear that granting her additional time would not be in the children’s 

best interests.

For these reasons, we affirm the order of the juvenile court terminating the 

mother’s parental rights to her children, A.R., D.R., J.C., and J.C. 

AFFIRMED.