ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard Update

2005 CUGI ConferenceOctober 11, 2005

Michael McCabe   mccabe@nist.gov

fingerprint.nist.gov/standard

ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000  NIST  SP 500-245

Standard Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, & Scar Mark & Tattoo (SMT) InformationTransmission Standard describing the Fingerprint Data Interchange Format Used by Law Enforcement agencies 

FBI, DHS, SSState & local Police Agencies

De facto ISO StandardCanada, UK, GermanyEurodac, Interpol 

History of ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard

ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986 Minutiae-Based ANSI/NIST-CSL  1-1993 Image-Based 8-bit 

gray levels 500 ppi WSQ/15:1

ANSI/NIST-ITL    1a-1997 Facial & SMTANSI/NIST-ITL    1-2000 Tagged-field records 

higher resolution     palms & latents

ANSI/NIST-ITL     1-200X ?

Structure of Standard

Sixteen defined record types - ASCII, binary, or combination

Used to exchange information describing:Transaction itselfDescriptive, demographic, and rap sheet Finger and palm print image and minutiaeFacial imageSMT image and descriptive informationUser defined type record.

ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 Standard Logical Record Types

 1 Transaction Information ASCII 2 User-defined Descriptive Text ASCII 3 Low-Res F/P Grayscale Image Data Binary 4 High-Res F/P Grayscale Image Data Binary 5 Low-Res F/P Binary Image Data Binary 6 High-Res F/P Binary Image Data Binary 7 User-defined Image Data Binary 8 Signature Image Data Binary 9 Minutiae Data ASCII10 Facial & SMT Image Data ASC/Bin

ADDITIONAL RECORD TYPESIN ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000

13 Latent Image Data ASCII/Binary(Variable-resolution)

14 Tenprint Fingerprint Impressions ASCII/Binary(Variable-resolution)

15 Palmprint Image Data ASCII/Binary(Variable-resolution)

16 User-defined Testing Image Data ASCII/Binary(Variable-resolution)

Type 14 Record ExampleField 

IDField # Data 

TypeExample

LEN 14.001 N 14.001:40164 <GS>

IDC 14.002 N 14.002:01<GS>IMP 14.003 A 14.003:0<GS>SRC 14.004 AN 14.004:CA0000001<GS>TCD 14.005 N 14.005:20040227<GS>HLL 14.006 N 14.006:1600<GS>VLL 14.007 N 14.007:1450<GS>SLC 14.008 N 14.008:1<GS>HPS 14.009 N 14:009:500<GS>

Type 14 Record Example(continued)

Field ID

Field # Data Type

Example

VPS 14.010 N 14.010:500<GS>CGA 14.011 A 14.011:1<GS>BPX 14.012 N 14.012:8<GS>FGP 14.013 N 14.013:14<GS>DAT 14.999 N 14.999: <Image Data> <US>801<GS>

Revision of 1-2000 Standard

Open workshop held April 26-28, 2005 (NIST)ANSI requirement for a 5-year review Overview of major implementations New initiatives from the FBI/CJIS Talks on PIV and Quality indicators presentedReview current ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 standardIdentify aspects of the standard for update Introduce new features for possible inclusion

Conclusions of 1st Workshop

No authorized voting body established Modification and new features were presented but more definition of each item was neededA consensus of all present was that the standard should be updated and revisedFurther refinement of updates and enhancements was needed before inclusion in the standardForm 8 ad hoc groups to formalize update proposalsDevelop & circulate summary of the 1st workshopA second workshop should be convened

Ad Hoc Groups Formed

Face - Compression issues, best practice, 3DUTF/GPS - Data encoding, GPS,  trackingMISC - Iris & minutiae enhancementsLatent Fingerprint Issues - 3rd Level details, Major case prints, impression typesM1 harmonization - New record type & fieldsXML - Develop scheme compatible with standardLiveScan - Encoding of 3D fingerprint dataSecurity - Standard guidance issues

INCITS M1 Technical Biometrics Committee

INCITS/M1 committee created January 2002 Purpose: To develop biometric data interchange format standards

Human examination and comparison Computer identification and verification functionsCompact binary formatsEmphasis on verification for physical and logical access (commercial)

Data Format Standards

Finger Image Data * ANSI/NISTFinger Minutiae Data * COUNTERPARTFace Image Data *Finger Pattern Spectral DataIris Image DataHand Geometry Silhouette DataSignature/Sign Behavioral DataPattern Skeletal DataVascular Data

Finger Image Data Format

Used with CBEFF wrapper

Image capture requirements for grayscale, amount of pixel data, and performance, commensurate with system and application requirements

Use of numeric value for specific combination of image capture parameters

Compact Fixed Binary Format

NOT Readily Expandable

Minutiae Format Differences

ANSI/NIST Type 9

Minutiae data as ASCII dataMin. placement undefinedOrigin lower left cornerLocation in .01 mmCore/Delta X & Y Angle: 1.0 degree stepsNo Proprietary data

M1 

Minutiae data as binary data Min. Placement defined Origin upper left cornerLocation in pixelsCore/Delta X,Y & ThetaAngle: 2.0 degree steps Proprietary data

RIDGE ENDING SPECIFICATON

θ

valley

ridge

Why Harmonize ANSI/NIST & INCITS/M1

Provide systems the option of processing and converting information between ANSI/NIST and M1 data formats

DOD uses IAFIS (fingerprint) and ABIS (iris,voice)

HSPD12 / PIV card will use IAFIS for background checks and M1 data for verification

How to Harmonize ANSI/NIST & INCITS/M1

Reserve a block of vendor-specific fields to mimic the M1-type fingerprint minutiae format (Similar to Cogent’s fields 31-->48)Define additional finger and palm image fields to specify image capture parameters, optional product identification, and image quality informationDefine additional face information fields to contain visible facial features.

How to Harmonize(continued)

Define a new record type (17) for iris image dataFor biometric data types not addressed by ANSI/NIST define a new record type (18) to include required ANSI/NIST and M1 information fields

Provides the ability to exchange data formats used by M1 that are not currently recognized by ANSI/NIST

Logical Record Type 17IRIS Image Record

17.001: LEN17.002: IDC17.004: Source Agency17.005: Iris Capture Date17.006: Horizontal Length (capture)17.007: Vertical Length (capture)17.008: CBEFF Product ID17.009: Capture Device ID17.010: Globally Unique ID

IRIS Image Record (continued)

17.011: Compression Algorithm17.012: Bits per Pixel17.013: Iris Position17.014: Rotation Angle of Eye17.015: Rotation Uncertainty17.022: Iris Image Quality Scale17.023: Iris Image Quality Value17.999: Iris Image Data

XML Representations

Four different approaches proposed

Favored Approach

Develop a representation of the existing standardMap as closely as possible the existing records and numeric tags to XML tagsTag names to be descriptive of the element contentUse the language of the text of the current standard

XML Sample

Create a tag name for the entire package<ITL_Identification_Transmission_Package>

Create tag names for each logical record<Tenprint_Fingerprint_Impressions>

Create tag names to replace all numeric tags(for 1.004) <TypeOfTransaction>

Recommend Base64 Encoding for embedded binary data.

Latent Fingerprint Issues

Develop an approach to encode first- and third-level details which may include:

pores ridge edge shapesridge widths dotsridge relationships ridge flow

Require a minimum scanning resolution of 1000 ppi for the capture of latent images 

Develop codes and descriptions for major case prints

Update Finger Impression Type table (swipe,etc.)

Face Image Proposals

Allow color JPEG 2000 for compression to improve image quality

Add provision for quality score and algorithm identification information

Define fields for 3D pose angle (yaw, pitch, & roll)

Include a facial image capture profile that addresses compression limits, capture requirements, and other best practice attributes or requirements.

ADJUST MAX SLAP SIZES(Table 6)

Finger Position

Finger Code Width(inch)

Length(inch)

Plain Right Thumb

11 1 2.0

Plain Left Thumb

12 1 2.0

Plain Right 4-Fingers

13 3.3 3.0

Plain Left  4-fingers

14 3.3 3.0

Plain Thumbs (2)

15 3.3 3.0

ADDITIONAL PALM CODES

Palm Position Palm Code Width (in) Length (in)

Right Interdigital

31 5.5 3.0

Right Thenar 32 3.0 4.0

Right Hyperthenar

33 3.0 5.5

Left Interdigital

34 5.5 3.0

LeftThenar

35 3.0 4.0

LeftHyperthenar

36 3.0 5.5

SOURCE AGENCY FIELD SIZE

Interpol requirements:

10.003:CC/agency{GS} where 

CC is 2 alpha-numeric charactersAgency is up to 32 characters

Proposal:  Increase size of source agency /ORI to a maximum of 43 characters for all records Types 10 and above

Miscellaneous Issues

Consider UTF-8 in place of 7-bit ASCII for user-defined fields to simplify international uses 

Formally specify codes for WSQ, JPEG, etc. 

Develop a GPS field for a mapping of location

Develop a Submission Tracking Field to support traversing of vendors and jurisdictions

Add additional field for attended operation

Add additional fields for image quality and segmentation algorithm information

Development of the Revision to the Standard

Schedule a 2nd workshop (December 5-6, 2005)Develop a Canvass List Convene 2nd workshop (December 5-6, 2005)Present findings of each ad hoc groupVote on each proposal for inclusion in standardDevelop draft update: ANSI/NIST 1-200XCirculate for commentEdit draftCirculate for vote (30 day minimum)Submit to ANSI if approved ; else update and

Standards Approval Considerations

Consensus on a proposed standard by a group that includes representatives from materially affected and interested parties; Broad-based public review on draft standards; Consideration and response to comments from  voting members of the consensus body; Incorporation of approved changes into a draft standard; and Right to appeal by any participant that believes that due process principles were not sufficiently respected during the standards development in accordance with the ANSI-accredited procedures. 

More Information

fingerprint.nist.gov/standard

Current and future drafts of standardPresentations made & summary of April 2005 workshop (NISTIR 7242)Method used to develop revisionHow to participate and  become a canvassee Results of ad hoc groupsInformation and registration for 2nd workshop

- ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000  �NIST  SP 500-245
- History of ANSI/NIST �Fingerprint Standard
- Structure of Standard
- ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 Standard �Logical Record Types
- ADDITIONAL RECORD TYPES� IN ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000
- Type 14 Record Example
- Type 14 Record Example�(continued)
- Revision of 1-2000 Standard
- Conclusions of 1st Workshop
- Ad Hoc Groups Formed
- INCITS M1 Technical �Biometrics Committee
- Data Format Standards
- Finger Image Data Format
- Minutiae Format Differences
- RIDGE ENDING SPECIFICATON
- Why Harmonize �ANSI/NIST & INCITS/M1
- How to Harmonize �ANSI/NIST & INCITS/M1
- How to Harmonize�(continued)
- Logical Record Type 17�IRIS Image Record
- IRIS Image Record �(continued)
- XML Representations
- XML Sample
- Latent Fingerprint Issues
- Face Image Proposals
- ADJUST MAX SLAP SIZES �(Table 6)
- ADDITIONAL PALM CODES
- SOURCE AGENCY FIELD SIZE
- Miscellaneous Issues
- Development of the �Revision to the Standard
- Standards Approval Considerations
- More Information
-