Greetings! 

On behalf of the Director's Office, it is my pleasure to welcome you to 2019 SURF Colloquium at the 

NIST Gaithersburg campus. 

Founded by scientist in the Physics Laboratory (PL) with a passion for stem outreach, the SURF Program 

has grown immensely since its establishment in 1993. The first cohort of the SURF Program consisted of 

20 participants from 8 universities primarily conducting hands-on research in the physics lab. 

Representing all STEM disciplines, this summer's cohort of the SURF Program includes 160 participants 

from 100 universities engaging in research projects in all the laboratories at the Gaithersburg campus. 

It's expected that the program will continue to grow in the future. 

During your attendance at the SURF Colloquium, I encourage you to interact with the SURF participants. 

Aside from asking questions during the sessions, I recommend networking with presenters in between 

sessions and/or lunch. The colloquium is the perfect venue to exchange findings and new ideas from 

the most recent and rigorous research in all STEM fields. 

Furthermore, I suggest chatting with NIST staff and scientist at the colloquium. Don't be afraid to ask 

questions about the on-going research in a specific NIST laboratory. Most staff and scientist love to talk 

about their role or research at NIST. 

Moreover, I invite you to share your experience at the SURF Colloquium on the National Institute of 

Standards and Technology (NIST) Facebook page using the hashtag, #2019SURFColloquium. 

Lastly, I could not conclude this letter without mentioning the individuals which make the SURF Program 

at NIST possible. Thank you to the OU SURF Directors, the SURF mentors, and all the staff at NIST who 

play an integral role in making the SURF participants experience valuable. Your hard work and 

dedication to the program is greatly appreciated. 

Again, welcome to the conference. I'm glad that you are here and I look forward to your participation in 

the SURF Colloquium. 

Warm regards, 

Brandi Toliver, PhD 

Managing SURF Program Director (NIST-wide) 

2019 SURF Colloquium 1
-Intentionally Blank2019 SURF Colloquium 2
NIST SURF Program Staff by Organizational Unit (OU)

Organizational Unit (OU) Name

Director's Office Brandi Toliver, Managing SURF Program Director

Director's Office Kara Arnold

Engineering Lab

Engineering Lab

Engineering Lab

Information Technology Lab 

Information Technology Lab 

Information Technology Lab

Information Technology Lab 

Material Measurement Lab 

Material Measurement Lab 

Material Measurement Lab

NIST Center for Neutron Research 

NIST Center for Neutron Research 

Physical Measurement Lab

Physical Measurement Lab

Physical Measurement Lab

Physical Measurement Lab

Technology Partnership Office 

Standards Coordination Office 

Lisa Jean Fronczek

Cartier Murrill

Stephen Potts 

Lotfi Benmohamed 

Michaela Iorga 

Derek Juba 

Yolanda Bursie

Andre Striegel

Amanda Forster 

Jessica Staymates

Julie Borchers 

Joseph Dura 

Joseph Kopanski 

Richard Steiner 

Uwe Arp 

Maritoni Litorja 

Paul Zielinski 

Nathalie Rioux 

Communications Technology Lab David Griffith

2019 SURF Colloquium 3
-Intentionally Blank2019 SURF Colloquium 4
Table of Contents

NIST Map ................................................................................................................................................................6 

SURF Colloquium: Monday, August 5, 2019 (Morning) ..................................................................................7 

Plenary Session: Green Auditorium, Administration Building (101)

SURF Colloquium: Monday, August 5, 2019 (Afternoon) ..............................................................................8-9 

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-ComSci (Lecture Room A)

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-MatSci (Lecture Room B)

Parallel Sessions: ITL (West Square)

Parallel Sessions: EL (Heritage Room)

Parallel Sessions: PML (Lecture Room D)

SURF Colloquium: Tuesday, August 6, 2019 (Morning) ...........................................................................10 - 11

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-ComScio (Lecture Room A)

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-MatSci (Lecture Room B)

Parallel Sessions: ITL (lecture Room C)

Parallel Sessions: EL (Heritage Room)

SURF Colloquium: Tuesday, August 6, 2019 (Afternoon) ........................................................................12 -13

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-MatSci (Lecture Room A)

Parallel Sessions: MML/NCNR-MatSci (Lecture Room B)

Parallel Sessions: PML (Lecture Room A)

Parallel Sessions: ITL (lecture Room B) 

Parallel Sessions: EL (Heritage Room)

Parallel Sessions: TPO (lecture Room C)

SURF Colloquium: Wednesday, August 7, 2019 (Morning) ...................................................................14 -15 

Parallel Sessions: EL (West Square)

Parallel Sessions: ITL (Lecture Room B)

Parallel Sessions: PML (Lecture Room c) 

Parallel Sessions: EL (West Square) 

Parallel Sessions: ITL (Lecture Room B) 

Parallel Sessions: PML (Lecture Room C) 

Student Abstracts by OU (Alphabetical, Student Last Name) ............................................................16 - 108

2019 SURF Colloquium 5
liquid Helium 

Recovery Facility 321 

Ro bo t Te st Facility 

Gate F 

Campus Map 

Fluid Me chanics 230 

Industrial 231 

Emergency S 

Facility 318 

erv1ces 

 ;;. ;:, ---:::::

z e r o Ene rgy 

idential Test Facility 

Gate B 

(Exit Only) 

2019 SURF Colloquium 6
Time Agenda

9:30A Welcome 

Speaker: Dr. Walter Copan 

Under Secretary of Commerce for 

Standards and Technology 

NIST Director 

9:40A Moderator: Dr. Brandi Toliver 

Managing SURF Program Director

9:45A CTL 

Presenter: Emma Bradford 

Title of Talk: Simulation of a GAA-GAA 

Coexistence Scheme in the CBRS Band

10:05A EL 

Presenter: Jared Kaplan 

Title of Talk: Health Degradation 

Assessment for Robotic Manufacturing 

10:25A ITL 

Presenter: Elisabeth Landgren 

Title of Talk: Quantum Dots and Virtual 

Reality: The Pursuit of Intuitive Data 

10:45A Realizations Break

11:00A MML 

Presenter: Ethan Finlay 

Title of Talk: Approaches to Minimize 

Polymerization Stress in Dental Resin 

Composites

11:20A NCNR 

Presenter: Emily Blick 

Title of Talk: Long-Term Vesicle Stability 

for Liposomal Nanomedicines

11:40A PML 

Presenter: Amberly Ricks 

Title of Talk: Electrical Characterization 

of DNTT-based Organic Field Effect 

Transistors

Noon Lunch

August 5, 2019 

SURF Colloquium Plenary Session 

Location: Green Auditorium in the 

Administration Building 101

2019 SURF Colloquium 7
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B West Square Heritage Room Lecture Room D

MML/NCNR_Comput. 

Science

MML/NCNR_MatSci ITL EL PML

Time Moderator: Dr. William 

Brad O'Dell

Moderator: Prof. Mohamad 

Al-Sheikhly 

Moderator: Tim Burns Moderator: TBD Moderator: TBD

1:30 PM

Katrina Rupert: Getting the 

Kinks Out: Reducing 

Disulfide Bonds for Protein 

Analysis

Julie Colon-Martinez: 

Selectivity Prediction on 

Binary Gas Absorption of 

CO2/N2 on Zeolite 

Reference Materials

Roberto Rafael Gorbea 

Finalet : Testing QuantumInspired Classical 

Algorithms

Varsha Vejalla : Business 

Interruption and 

Recovery Following a 

Disaster.

Jack Fletcher : Lithium-7 Gray 

Molasses

1:50 PM

Caitlin Darling: The role of 

Copper and Nickel in lipid 

oxidation relevant for 

antimicrobial action

Jinsung Lee : Determining 

Optimal 3D Configuration of 

Porous CO2 Reduction 

Catalysts

Kevin Zong : Network 

Management System 

Towards the Platform for 

Quantum Network 

Innovation

Nicolas Aguilar : Hazard 

Characterization & Facility 

Analysis in Puerto Rico 

After Hurricane Maria

Franklin Nicolas Gavilanez 

Villalta : Intercomparison Study 

of Optical Measurement 

Methods for Toolmark Analysis

2:10 PM

Nathan Gill: Understanding 

ClpS N-Terminal specificity 

through combined 

simulation and experiment

Eli Fastow : Crosscomparison and Validation 

of Complementary 

Analytical Methods to 

Detect Lithium

Angelica Lin : Applied 

Chemometric Methods for 

Monoclonal Antibody 

Classification

Dianeliz Ortiz Martes: 

Documenting 

Characteristics of 

Hospitals Impacted by 

Hurricane Maria in Puerto 

Rico

Kathryn Gill : Photonic 

Biochemical Sensors and their 

use

2:30 PM

Joshua Price: Calibrating 

Deuterium Incorporation 

into Green Fluorescent 

Protein Expressed in the 

Yeast Komagataella phaffii

Ryan Smith : Correlating 

Structural and Functional 

Properties with Amorphicity 

of Alloys

Daniel De Leon : Fractals 

derived from constrained 

optimization techniques 

using Newton's Method

Sarah Morgan : 

Identifying Consensus 

Indicators and Measures 

to Help Assess 

Community Resilience

Peter Orban : Improving Stack 

Flow Measurements by Making 

Them Faster and More 

Accurate

2:50 PM

Allison Horenberg : 

Measuring Cell Viability in 

Collagen Scaffolds

Huilang Chen : Blade-coated 

In2O3/ZnO bilayer 

heterostructures

Lily Northcutt : Modeling 

First Passage Brownian 

Motion using Walk on 

Spheres Method 

Clio Chen : Development 

of Adaptable Concrete 

Structures Using NonNewtonian Fluids

Tojo Rabemananjara : Camera 

and Projector Synchronization 

to Improve SI-MMI Speed and 

Efficiency

3:10 PM Break Break Break Break Break

Monday, August 5, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule 

2019 SURF Colloquium 8
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B West Square Heritage Room Le

MML/NCNR_Comput. Science MML/NCNR_MatSci ITL EL 

Moderator: Dr. Monique Johnson

Moderator: Dr. Brandi Toliver

Moderator: TBD Moderator: TBD Moderat

3:20 PM

Darnell Harris: Design and Production of Viral Scaffolds for Cryo‐EM

Rajashow Parajuli : Predicting Protein Properties with Machine Learning

Justin Slud : Towards Integrating Virtual Reality with NIST's Digital Library of Math Functions

Quichawna Bryant : Synthesis and Characterization of Cement Mineral Phases

HristianaUncertaiStorage aon Japan

3:40 PM

Oriana Ovide : Assessment of Elemental Homogeneity in Modern Glass micro‐XRF for forensics

Simin Manasiya : Using Atomistic Simulations to Relate Local Molecular Dynamics and Fluorescence Lifetime in a Damage Sensing Dye

Peter Stein : CHIMeS: Developing a Common CAVE and Web‐Based Virtual Reality Menu System

Riley MacLaren : Corrosive Degradation in Concrete Infrastructure with Low‐Carbon Steel and Nitinol

Hunter WImaging:Simulatio

4:00 PM

Winnie Tran : Combining LC‐MS and ELISA for Quantification of Allergenic Milk Protein in Food

Jacob Hechter : Interatomic Potentials for Calculating Diffusion Behavior

Linus Ge : On generating functions for q‐inverse polynomials in the q‐Askey scheme

Clare Chan : Rheological characterization of 3‐D printable cement paste 

Arjun AgUltraviolSpectrosElements

4:20 PM

Ava Farahbakhsh Darabi : Developing Oral Sensors Based on Glucose and pH Levels

Eleanor Kelman : Finding High Condutive Transparent Oxides with Active Learning

Eve Fleisig : A GUI for Evaluation of Distance Metrics on Heterogeneous Data Sets

Lindsay Hutton : Polymer Modified Cements for 3‐D Printing Applications

Caroline Performaof Smart 

4:40 PM

Joelle Marchiani : Chemical Weathering and Additives in Plastic Marine Debris in the Hawaiian Islands (pre‐recorded)

Mariana Bueno : Influence of particle size ratio on suspension rheology with a bimodal size distribution

Julia CodHarmoniPower WWatt‐hou

5:00 PM

Monday, August 5, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule (continued)

2019 SURF Colloquium 
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B Lecture Room C Heritage Room Lecture Room D

MML/NCNR_Comput. 

Science

MML/NCNR_MatSci ITL EL PML

Time Moderator: TBD Moderator: Dr. Guebre 

Tessema , NSF

Moderator: Derek Juba Moderator: TBD Moderator: Zachary Levine

9:00 AM

Jonah Tash: Dynamic 

Taxonomies for Root & Rule 

Based Language Trees

Mark Zic: Neutron 

Scattering Study of a Triplet 

Superconductor

Gerson Kroiz: Exploiting 

Coarse-Grained Parallelism 

in Numerical Linear 

Algebra Routines

Laura Mundy : Establishing a 

New Standard Reference 

Portland Cement Clinker for 

Phase Analysis using Scanning 

Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron

Robert Kauffman : Automated 

Fiber Coupling with Machine 

Learning Optimization

9:20 AM

Noah Smith: Enabling FAIR 

Data Principles for HighThroughput Experimental 

Data

Spencer Rodgers : Probing 

Anomalous Field-Expulsion 

in Superconductor/

Ferromagnetic Thin Films

Henok Tasissa : Hedgehog 

Generator: Tool used to 

generate boilerplate code

Anisa Moore : Hydration 

Reactions in Microstructures 

Caitlin Lee : Improvements to 

the Dual Source Bridge System 

for Calibration of High 

Resistance Standards

9:40 AM

Thomas Bina : Development 

of the Microscopy 

Laboratory Information 

Management System

Lizabeth Quigley : Depth 

Dependence of Skyrmions in 

Thin Films

Kevin Boby : Deep 

Learning: Is more training 

data always better?

Mariam Hasan : 

Degradation of FiberReinforced Polymer (FRP) 

Composites Used as 

Building Retrofits

Guadalupe Quirarte : 

Developing and optimizing the 

optical system for observing 

transitions between 

metastable states of highly 

charged ions created inside a 

mini-EBIT

10:00 AM

Yuke Wang : Feature 

Engineering for Small Angle 

Neutron Scattering A.I.

Malgorzata Psurek : 

Breaking up the crystal 

lattice to improve superionic 

conductivity

Cameron Smith : Creating a 

software client to show 

conformance of healthcare 

info - HL7 v2 Standard

Zachary Werrmann : 

Analysis of the Polymeric 

Degradation of Solar 

Module Backsheets

Macrae Smith : Providing a 

Digital Framework for Testbed 

Research With LabVIEW

10:20 AM

Samuel Philliber: 

Developing a Virtual 

Instrument for a HighThroughput Thermal 

Analysis Instrument

Candyce Collins: When 

Polymers Meet: SelfAssembled Amphiphilic 

Diblock Copolymers

Nina Lau : Accelerated 

Weathering of Polyester 

Using Integrating Sphere 

Technology

Eli Weissler : Photon Echo 

Based Quantum Memory 

10:40 AM Break Break Break Break Break

Tuesday, August 6, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule 

2019 SURF Colloquium 10
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B Heritage Room

MML/NCNR_ChemBio MML/NCNR_MatSci EL

Time Moderator: Dr. Anthony 

Kotula

Moderator: TBD Moderator: TBD

11:00 AM

Klara Keim : Elucidating the 

Effect of Extracellular Matrix 

Stiffness in Oral 

Microvasculature Utilizing 

Microfluidic Devices

Julianna Price : Oral Insulin 

Delivery via 

Microencapsulation

Samuel Riddle : 

Quantitative Visualization 

of Crack Formation in 

Polymer Backsheet 

Materials

11:20 AM

Fjorela Xhyliu : NAC rescues 

dental pulp cells exposed to 

toxic dental monomer

Washat Roxanne Ware : 

Using Viscoelastic Properties 

of Polymer and Lipid to 

Study the Cell Membrane

Alexander Conrad : 

Investigating PVC 

Reciprocity Throughout 

SPHERE Irradiance

11:40 AM

Nidhi Vantair: Developing a 

Candidate Reference Material 

to Assess DNA Extraction 

Efficiency

Racheal Spruill: SURFing 

with Green Tea: What 

Neutrons Read in Tea Leaves

June Greenstein : Tracking 

Cable Degradation in

Nuclear Powerplants

12:00 PM

Usmaan Siddiqui : Self 

Assembly and Solution 

Structure of Supramolecular 

Bottlebrush Polymers

Marshall Nakatani : 

Capillary μRheoSANS: Lipid 

Vesicle Nanostructure and 

Rheology at High Shear

Donald Truong: The 

Unknown Factors of 

Heating and Cooling Air

12:20 PM

Emma Rogers: The 

Development of Bilayer 

Overtone Analysis for 

Measuring Protein and Ion 

Activity

Sriniket Rachuri : Using 

HVAC-Cx in the Building 

Commissioning Process

12:40 PM Lunch Lunch Lunch

Tuesday, August 6, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule (continued)

2019 SURF Colloquium 11
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B Heritage Room

MML/NCNR_MatSci MML/NCNR_MatSci EL

Time Moderator: Dr. Carrie Campbell Moderator: TBD Moderator: TBD

1:30 PM

Adam Robinson : Neural Network interatomic potentials:  Feature selection and property sensitivity

Andrew Seamone : Thermal‐Hydraulics Feasibility for an Optimized Ultra‐Compact Nuclear Reactor

Tejas Dinesh :Optimizing Heat Exchangers

1:50 PM

Nina Agrawal : Characterizing the Cooperative Motion in Condensed Fluids Using Machine Learning

Hamna Chaudhry : NBSR Reactor Plant State Predictor

Zynyl Castor : Incorporation of BlenderGIS into FDS modeling workflow

2:10 PM

Julie Yagodich : Data Acquisition and Image Analysis of Small Angle Light Scattering

Disha Das: Performing Human Factors Analysis on Nuclear Reactor Console with Mixed Reality

Devon Suarez : Optimization for High Performance Computing

2:30 PM

Julia Danischewski:  Finding the Binding:  Synthesis and Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis of Polyelectrolytes

Joseph P Rath III : The Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Neutron Diffraction Analysis

Genevieve Tan : Assessing the Smoldering Propensity of Wood Exposed to Direct Contact Heating

2:50 PM

Nick D'Antona : Analysis of electrochemically doped polymer thin films via in situ 

ellipsometry

Gamitha Wijekoon : Neutron Tomography and Simulation of Compton Imaging

William Saar : Pursuing Improved Solid Pyrolysis Models

3:10 PM

Lu Song : Evaluating mechanical and chemical properties of polydimethylsiloxane using rheo‐Raman microscope

Sebastian Arana : Modeling Wildland Urban Interface Fires on a Standard Parcel

3:00 PM

Chad Hite : Elucidating the Role of Hinge Mechanics on Impact Mitigation

Adam Lenker : Web‐Based Data Augmentation of 360‐Degree Video for Fire Research

3:20 PM Break Break Break

Tuesday, August 6, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule (continued)

2019 SURF Colloquium 
Lecture Room A Lecture Room B Heritage Room Lecture Room C

PML ITL EL TPO

Time Moderator:Dr. Joseph J.  Kopanski Moderator: Dr. Michaela Iorga Moderator: TBD Moderator: TBA

3:30 PM

Adam Brewer : Programming Automated Programming

Thomas Hayes: Measuring Public Awareness of Cybersecurity Careers

Steven Mallia : A case 

study for modeling machine tool systems using standard representations 

Samantha Gibson : Technology transfedevelopment  at NIand the TechnologyDiscovery Office 

3:50 PM

Mark Yves Gaunin : Atomic‐Scale Quantum Plasmonics

Glen Joy : Securing the Energy Sector through Standards‐Based Cybersecurity Architectures

Ian Macke y: HDF5 and DREAM.3D Applications for Additive Manufacturing

Sue Lee:   Technologtransfer developmeat NIST and the Technology DiscoveOffice 

4:10 PM

Liza Gunther : Atom‐Based Silicon Quantum Electronics

Jesse Zhu : User interface development for Root and rule (R&R) based system for curating, indexing and searching documents

Daniel Hartenstine : Creating A Data Processing Pipeline Architecture For Manufacturing Systems

4:30 PM

Matthew Ishimaru : Stable Foundations for Quantum Computing: Characterizing van der Waals Materials

Shayer Parvez: Revamping Health Care Through Rule‐Based Expert AI Systems

Christina You : Using Neural Networks to Detect Kitchen Cooktop Pre‐Ignition

4:50 PM

Jesus Perez: COMSOL Simulations of Electromagnetic Test Structures

Matthew Kupferschmid : Data Analysis of Cooktop Sensors 

Isaac Rose : High‐precision Stereo Camera Calibration and Assessment

5:10 PM

Tuesday, August 6, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule (continued)

2019 SURF Colloquium 
West Square Lecture Room B Lecture Room C

EL ITL PML

Time Moderator:TBA Moderator: Derek Juba Moderator: Daniel S. Hussey

9:00A 

Adam Wathieu : Investigating the Standardization of Work Volume for Robotic Manipulators

Sydney Pugh : Developing Effective Test Strategies for Cryptographic Algorithm Implementations

Amber Meyers : Ultrafast laser spectroscopy to study photodynamics of asymmetric hydrogenases

9:20A 

Kyle Shreve: Squareness Testing of Machine Tool Linear Axes Based on Inertial Measurements

Temur Saidkhodjaev : Verified Timestamping

Russell Schwartz: Closed loop update algorithm for Neuromorphic AI Accelerators 

9:40A 

Esteban Segarra Martinez: Adaptive Metrics and Performance Analysis Tool for Human‐Robot Interaction

Damien Beecroft : Stream Learning for Min‐Entropy Prediction

Benjamin Wade : High Bit 

Rate Solid State Quantum Random Number Generation

10:00A 

Steven Fang : Industrial network interface for railroad operation simulation framework

Richard Williams Jr : The Effect of Different Bias Estimation Methods on Linear Cryptanalysis

Michael Doris: Eliminating Thermal Gradients For Neutron Interferometry  

10:20A 

Thomas Wrona : Simulation and Data Analysis for Cybersecurity on Industrial Control Systems

Caleb Robertson : Analysis of the Current Security Infastructure Partaining to Small Unmanned Aerial Systems 

Thomas Marsh : Analyzing spot weld strain using Neutron Bragg Edge Tomography

10:40A  Break Break Break

Wednesday, August 7, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule 

2019 SURF Colloquium 
West Square Lecture Room B Lecture Room C

EL ITL PML

Time Moderator:TBA Moderator: Lotfi Benmohamed Moderator: TBA

11:00 AM

David Umansky : Analysis of Surface Finish in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Mason Rhodes: Dynamic Cache 

Management with Network‐Wide Capacity Constraint

Gillian Lee : Using Potentiometry to Determine the Purity of Standards for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

11:20 AM

Daniel Tokarz: Dveloping a Graph Database to Evaluate/Analyze Cyber Incidents

Elieser Mejia : Nanoscale Engineering

of Optical Resonances using Metasurfaces

11:40 AM

Kevin Zong : NVD, CPEs, and CVEs: Maintaining a Searchable Vulnerability Database

Michelle Morris : Field Effect Transistors Offer a New Level of Sensitivity for Biological Measurements

12:00N

Eric Liu : Hardware‐Based Security Measures for Virtual Machines

Nikita Podobedov : Repeated Flow Cytometry Measurements Along a Single Microfluidic Channel in an Optofluidic Chip

12:20P

Joseph Converse : The Implementation of Side‐of‐Fringe Locking Techniques to Reduce the Frequency Drift of a CW Laser

Heriniaina Rakotomanana : Fabrication of a Helium Ion Machined Nanochannel Device

12:40P

Holland Rhodd‐Lee : Measuring Endothelial Molecular Transport Using a Pumpless Microfluidic System

Wednesday, August 7, 2019 Parallel Session Schedule (continued) 

2019 SURF Colloquium 
2019 SURF Colloquium 16
First Name Last Name

Emma Bradford

Yu Xuan Huang

CTL SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 17
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(PPD%UDGIRUG

8QLYHUVLW\RI&LQFLQQDWL &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH	$QWKURSRORJ\

UG\HDURI\HDUSURJUDP

*RWRJUDGXDWHVFKRROWRJHWP\3K'VDQGEHFRPHD3URIHVVRU

&RPPXQLFDWLRQV7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\:LUHOHVV1HWZRUN'HYLVLRQ

'U$QLUXGKD6DKRR

6LPXODWLRQRID*$$*$$&RH[LVWHQFH6FKHPHLQWKH&%56%DQG

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

<X;XDQ+XDQJ

7KH&LW\&ROOHJHRI1HZ<RUN &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH	0DWKHPDWLFV

*UDGXDWHG

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

&RPPXQLFDWLRQV7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\:LUHOHVV1HWZRUNV'LYLVLRQ

7DQJX\5RSLWDXOW

'9LVXDOL]HUIRU0LOOLPHWHU:DYH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 18
2019 SURF Colloquium 19
First Name Last Name

Nicolas Aguilar Aigner

Sebastian Arana Vasquez

Quichawna Bryant

Mariana Bueno

Zynyl Anwynn Castor

Clare Chan

Clio Chen

Alexander Conrad 

Tejas Dinesh

Steven Fang

June Greenstein

Daniel Hartenstine

Mariam Hasan

Lindsay Hutton 

Jared Kaplan

Nina Lau

Adam Lenker

Ian Mackey

Riley MacLaren

Steven Mallia

Anisa Moore

Sarah Morgan

Laura Mundy

Dianeliz Ortiz Martes 

Sriniket Rachuri

Samuel Riddle

Isaac Rose

William Saar

Esteban Segarra Martinez

Kyle Shreve

Devon Suarez

Genevieve Tan

Melissa Tensa

Donald Truong

David Umansky

Varsha Vejalla

Adam Wathieu

Zachary Werrmann

Thomas Wrona 

Christina You 

EL SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 20
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LFRODV$JXLODU

0RQWJRPHU\&ROOHJH *HQHUDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

2EWDLQDPDVWHU
VGHJUHH	FRQVLGHUGRLQJD3K'3XUVXHDFDUHHULQHQJLQHHULQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDO	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ6WUXFWXUHV*URXS

0DUF/HYLWDQ

+D]DUG&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ	)DFLOLW\$QDO\VLVLQ3XHUWR5LFR$IWHU+XUULFDQH0DULD

2Q6HSWHPEHUWKHLVODQGRI3XHUWR5LFRZDVVWUXFNE\+XUULFDQH0DULDDFDWHJRU\KXUULFDQHWKDWUHDFKHGVSHHGVRINPKPSKDQGGHVWUR\HGPXFKRIWKHLVODQG¶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

PDSWKHKD]DUGVDQGH[WUDFWKD]DUGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDWORFDWLRQVIRUHDFKFULWLFDOIDFLOLW\LQRUGHUWRDQDO\]HDQGXQGHUVWDQGIDFLOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHDQGGDPDJHLQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHKD]DUGOHYHOH[SHULHQFHGDWHDFKVLWH7KLVGDWDZLOOHYHQWXDOO\EHXVHGWRDVVLVWLQWKHVHOHFWLRQRIEXLOGLQJVIRUZLQGWXQQHOWHVWLQJ

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6HEDVWLDQ$UDQD

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

,SODQWRILQLVKP\XQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGLHVDIWHUWKDW,
PQRWVXUH

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ:LOGODQG8UEDQ,QWHUIDFH)LUH*URXS

5LN-RKQVVRQ.DWK\%XWOHU.XOGHHS3UDVDG

0RGHOLQJ:LOGODQG8UEDQ,QWHUIDFH)LUHVRQD6WDQGDUG3DUFHO

:LOGODQGXUEDQLQWHUIDFH:8,ILUHVKDYHEHHQWKHFDXVHRIH[WHQVLYHSURSHUW\GDPDJHLQKLJKULVNDUHDVVXFKDV&DOLIRUQLD6RPHNH\IDFWRUVWKDWHQDEOHWKHVHILUHVWRVSUHDGDUHZLQGVWHUUDLQDQGIXHO7R

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¶V1HW=HUR(QHUJ\5HVLGHQWLDO7HVW)DFLOLW\1=(57)ZDVVHOHFWHG$IWHUGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHPRGHOWKH6WDQGDUG3DUFHOZLOOEHEXUQHGLQYDULRXVVFHQDULRVLQFOXGLQJGLIIHUHQWLJQLWLRQORFDWLRQVDQGZLQGFRQGLWLRQV3HUIRUPLQJWKHVHWHVWVDOORZVLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHGLIIHUHQWZD\VLQZKLFKILUHFDQVSUHDGWRDKRXVHIURPQHDUE\FRPEXVWLEOHPDWHULDOVDQGREMHFWV7KHUHVXOWVPD\VXJJHVWVWHSVWKDWFDQEHWDNHQWRSURWHFWDSURSHUW\IURPD:8,ILUH

2019 SURF Colloquium 21
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

4XLFKDZQD%U\DQW

(DVW&DUROLQD8QLYHUVLW\ 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVWXGLHVLQDHURVSDFHHQJLQHHULQJDQGFKHPLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV

-HIIUH\%XOODUG

6\QWKHVLVDQG&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRI&HPHQW0LQHUDO3KDVHV

3RUWODQGFHPHQWWKHSULPDU\FRPSRQHQWLQFRQFUHWHLVGHYHORSHGE\PL[LQJOLPHVWRQHDQGFOD\LQVSHFLILFSURSRUWLRQVDQGKHDWLQJWKHPL[WXUHDWYHU\KLJKWHPSHUDWXUHVLQDWLOWHGURWDWLQJNLOQ7KLVSURFHVVFUHDWHVZKDWLVFDOOHGFOLQNHUZKLFKLVWKHQJURXQGZLWKJ\SVXPWRVWDELOL]HLW7KHLQGLYLGXDOFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHFOLQNHUNQRZQDVSKDVHVDUHWHUPHGDOLWHEHOLWHDOXPLQDWHDQGIHUULWH'HWHUPLQLQJKRZWKHVHSKDVHVUHDFWDORQHZLWKZDWHUDLGVLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHSURSHUWLHVRI3RUWODQGFHPHQWDVLWVHWV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DULDQD%XHQR

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

$WWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV

1LFRV0DUW\V

,QIOXHQFHRISDUWLFOHVL]HUDWLRRQVXVSHQVLRQUKHRORJ\ZLWKDELPRGDOVL]HGLVWULEXWLRQ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 22
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

=\Q\O$QZ\QQ&DVWRU

8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH'LVWULFWRI&ROXPELD 0DWKHPDWLFV

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRROLQ$SSOLHG0DWKHPDWLFV

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ(QJLQHHUHG)LUH6DIHW\*URXS

5DQGDOO0F'HUPRWW

,QFRUSRUDWLRQRI%OHQGHU*,6LQWR)'6PRGHOLQJZRUNIORZ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&ODUH&KDQ

&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\ &LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

3XUVXHD0DVWHU
VGHJUHHLQ&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJDQGFDUHHUDVD6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHU

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV*URXS

6FRWW-RQHV

5KHRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRI'SULQWDEOHFHPHQWSDVWH

$VWHFKQRORJ\DGYDQFHVWKHLQGXVWU\VHHNVDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHWUDGLWLRQDOZD\RIFRQVWUXFWLQJZLWKFRQFUHWH$GGLWLYHPDQXIDFWXULQJRU'SULQWLQJLVSURPLVLQJDVLWSURYLGHVDQHIILFLHQWDQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHZD\WREXLOGLQIUDVWUXFWXUH$OWKRXJK'SULQWLQJKDVEHHQDSSOLFDEOHLQRWKHUILHOGVIRU\HDUVLWLVUHODWLYHO\QHZLQWKHFRQFUHWHLQGXVWU\UHTXLULQJDQHZVHWRIVWDQGDUGVWRDVVHVVWKHTXDOLW\RI'

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 23
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&OLR&KHQ

0DQKDWWDQ&ROOHJH &LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

3XUVXH06LQ&RQVWUXFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ	0DQDJHPHQW

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ6WUXFWXUHV*URXS

7UDYLV7KRQVWDG

'HYHORSPHQWRI$GDSWDEOH&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHV8VLQJ1RQ1HZWRQLDQ)OXLGV

,QUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHVIRUFHVDUHWUDQVIHUUHGEHWZHHQVWHHOUHEDUDQGFRQFUHWHWKURXJKERQGDWWKHLULQWHUIDFHZKLFKOHDGVWRDXQLIRUPUHVSRQVHLQWHUPVRIVWLIIQHVVVWUHQJWKDQGGXFWLOLW\:KLOHWKLV

EHKDYLRULVDGYDQWDJHRXVZKHQGHVLJQLQJSULPDULO\IRUDVLQJOHORDGLQJVFHQDULRVWUXFWXUDOSHUIRUPDQFHPD\EHKLQGHUHGZKHQFRQVLGHULQJWKHPXOWLWXGHRIORDGLQJVFHQDULRVDVWUXFWXUHFDQH[SHULHQFHGXULQJLWVOLIHWLPH$VDQDOWHUQDWLYHDGDSWDEOHVWUXFWXUHVDUHFDSDEOHRIDGMXVWLQJWKHLUVWLIIQHVVDQGVWUHQJWKLQUHDFWLRQWRWKHDSSOLHGORDGLQJ2QHSRWHQWLDOPHWKRGLVWRPRGLI\WKHERQGEHKDYLRUEHWZHHQWKHUHEDUDQGFRQFUHWH7KLV3FRQGLWLRQDO ́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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$OH[DQGHU&RQUDG

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH 3V\FKRORJ\

*UDGXDWHG0D\%DFKHORUVRI6FLHQFH

,SODQWRKDYHDFDUHHULQ'HYHORSPHQWDO3V\FKRORJ\

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

5RQDOG/DQNRQH

,QYHVWLJDWLQJ39&5HFLSURFLW\7KURXJKRXW63+(5(,UUDGLDQFH

/DERUDWRU\EDVHGDFFHOHUDWHGZHDWKHULQJRIFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOHSURGXFWVDQGHQJLQHHUHGPDWHULDOVKDVEHHQXWLOL]HGLQPDQ\DVWXG\WRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHLPSDFWRIH[SRVXUHWRWKHQDWXUDOZRUOGRQVXFK

SURGXFWVDQGPDWHULDOV$FFHOHUDWHGZHDWKHULQJLVRIWHQXVHGLQSODFHRIQDWXUDOZHDWKHULQJEHFDXVHLWVLJQLILFDQWO\LQFUHDVHVWKHUDWHRIVDPSOHGHJUDGDWLRQ2QHVXFKVWUDWHJ\WRZDUGVDFFHOHUDWHGVDPSOHGHJUDGDWLRQLVWKH1,6763+(5(6LPXODWHG3KRWRGHJUDGDWLRQYLD+LJK(QHUJ\5DGLDQW([SRVXUHZKLFKH[SRVHVVDPSOHVWRHOHYDWHGXOWUDYLROHWLQWHQVLWLHVDWSUHFLVHO\FRQWUROOHGWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGOHYHOVRIUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\WKH1,6763+(5(ZDVXVHGWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHSKRWRGHJUDGDWLRQRISRO\YLQ\OFKORULGH39&KRPHVLGLQJ6LQFHLWVLQWURGXFWLRQGXULQJWKH¶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

2019 SURF Colloquium 24
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7HMDV'LQHVK

8QLYHUVLW\RI$ODEDPD (QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

:LOOFRQWLQXHVWXGLHVDWJUDGVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\(QHUJ\DQG(QYLURQPHQW'LYLVLRQ+9$&	5(TXLSPHQW3HUIRUPDQFH*URXS

9DQFH3D\QH

2SWLPL]LQJ+HDW([FKDQJHUV

+HDWH[FKDQJHUVZLWKRSWLPL]HGWXEHFRQILJXUDWLRQVIRUWKHLUDLUIORZSDWWHUQVYLDWKHXVHRIDJHQHUDODOJRULWKPFDQUHVXOWLQEHQHILWVLQFOXGLQJUHGXFHGVL]HFRVWDQGUHIULJHUDQWFKDUJHDVZHOODVDQLQFUHDVHLQFDSDFLW\DQGHIILFLHQF\FRHIILFLHQWRISHUIRUPDQFH&237KLVSURMHFWFRPSDUHVWKH

SHUIRUPDQFHRIDQDLUIORZRSWLPL]HGRXWGRRUKHDWH[FKDQJHUWRDQRXWGRRUKHDWH[FKDQJHUWKDWKDVQRWEHHQRSWLPL]HG7RDFFRPSOLVKWKLVWKH+HDW3XPS(QYLURQPHQWDO&KDPEHUVDUHHPSOR\HGWRWHVWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIDKHDWSXPSRXWGRRUXQLWZKHQFRQQHFWHGWRWKHRSWLPL]HGDQGVWDQGDUGKHDWH[FKDQJHUVIRUYDULRXVRXWGRRUDLUFRQGLWLRQV3HUIRUPDQFHFXUYHVRIWKHSRZHUDQGFRROLQJFDSDFLW\RIHDFKFRQILJXUDWLRQZLOOEHFUHDWHGDQGFRPSDUHGWRRQHDQRWKHUWRGHWHUPLQHLIWKHUHLVDVLJQLILFDQWLPSURYHPHQWGXHWRWKHRSWLPL]DWLRQRIRQHRIWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHUV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6WHYHQ)DQJ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ1HWZRUN&RQWURO6\VWHP*URXS

&KHH<HH7DQJ

,QGXVWULDOQHWZRUNLQWHUIDFHIRUUDLOURDGRSHUDWLRQVLPXODWLRQIUDPHZRUN

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 25
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XQH*UHHQVWHLQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &KHPLVWU\

6RSKRPRUH

,SODQWRREWDLQP\EDFKHORUVGHJUHHDQGSRVVLEO\DWWHQGJUDGXDWHRUODZVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

6WHSKDQLH:DWVRQ

7UDFNLQJ&DEOH'HJUDGDWLRQLQ1XFOHDU3RZHU3ODQWV

1XFOHDUSRZHUSODQWVKDYHEHHQLQXVHIRUOHVVWKDQDFHQWXU\DQGWKH\SURYLGHSHUFHQWRI86

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¶VH[SHULPHQWDOGHVLJQDQGSUHVHQWSUHOLPLQDU\UHVXOWV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'DQLHO+DUWHQVWLQH

0LOOHUVYLOOH8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6HQLRU

,QWHUQLQJ WKLV )DOO DW :DOW 'LVQH\ :RUOG WKHQ JUDGXDWLQJ LQ 6SULQJ  IROORZHG E\ JUDGXDWH VFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\6\VWHPV,QWHJUDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ6\VWHPV(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS

7LPRWK\6SURFN

&UHDWLQJ$'DWD3URFHVVLQJ3LSHOLQH$UFKLWHFWXUH)RU0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV

0RGHUQPDQXIDFWXULQJIDFLOLWLHVFRQWDLQPDQ\GDWDVRXUFHVVXFKDVPDFKLQHVHQVRUVSURGXFLQJODUJH

DPRXQWVRIUDZGDWD:KLOHVLJQLILFDQWUHVHDUFKHIIRUWKDVEHHQSXWWRZDUGVDQDO\]LQJWKHFROOHFWHGGDWDWKHUHDUHIHZGRFXPHQWHGEHVWSUDFWLFHVRQKRZWRFROOHFWDQGWUDQVSRUWGDWDIURPWKHVKRSIORRU+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHPDQ\WHFKQRORJ\VWDFNVGHYHORSHGE\WHFKQRORJ\FRPSDQLHVIRUKLJKWUDQVDFWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVVRFLDOQHWZRUNLQJVLWHV7KHUHVHDUFKJRDOLVWRUHGXFHWKHEDUULHUWRDGRSWLQJWKHVHWRROVWRGHSOR\PRUHUHVLOLHQWDQGVFDODEOHVKRSIORRUGDWDFROOHFWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUH7KHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDUFKLWHFWXUHZDVLPSOHPHQWHGXVLQJ0RVTXLWWRDOLJKWZHLJKWPHVVDJHEURNHULPSOHPHQWLQJWKH0477VWDQGDUG,62WKDWDOORZVPHVVDJHSXEOLVKLQJFOLHQWVWREHGHSOR\HGRQHTXLSPHQWUHTXLULQJDVPDOOIRRWSULQWVXFKDVVKRSIORRUPDFKLQHVDQGRWKHU,27GHYLFHVDQG$SDFKH.DINDDPDVVLYHO\VFDODEOHPHVVDJHEURNHUWKDWHQDEOHVFRQQHFWLQJPDQ\GDWDDQDO\WLFVDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGVWRUDJHWHFKQRORJLHVVXFKDV0RQJR'%(ODVWLFVHDUFKDQG&DVVDQGUD7KHVHWRROVZHUHFKRVHQGXHWRWKHLURSHQVRXUFHQDWXUHDQGWKHIDFWWKDWWKH\DUHFRQVLGHUHGEHVWLQFODVVWRROVEHLQJXVHGE\KLJKWUDQVDFWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV/LQNHGLQ8EHUDQG6SRWLI\2XULPSOHPHQWDWLRQFUHDWHVDGDWDSLSHOLQHFDSDEOHRIFROOHFWLQJ07&RQQHFWFRPSOLDQWGDWDIURP1,67¶V6PDUW0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV606WHVWEHGDQGVWRULQJWKDWGDWDLQPXOWLSOHGDWDEDVHVWREHXVHGIRUDQDO\WLFV7KHUHVXOWLQJGRFXPHQWDWLRQDQGUHIHUHQFHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVHUYHDVDJXLGHOLQHIRULPSOHPHQWLQJWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGSURFHVVLQJSLSHOLQH7KHUHVHDUFKVKRZVWKDWWKHVHWRROVFDQEHDSSOLHGLQWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJGRPDLQDQGZLOOKHOSUHGXFHLQGXVWU\¶VULVNWRDGRSWLQJWKHVHWRROV7KHUHVXOWLVWKDWPDQXIDFWXUHUVFDQPRUHHIILFLHQWO\JDWKHUDQGVWRUHGDWDIURPWKHVKRSIORRUDQGPDNHLWDFFHVVLEOHWRDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVVFKHGXOLQJV\VWHPVDQGGDWDDQDO\WLFVWKDWZLOOKHOSLPSURYHHIILFLHQF\DQGUHGXFHFRVWV

2019 SURF Colloquium 26
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DULDP+DVDQ

9LUJLQLD3RO\WHFKQLF,QVWLWXWHDQG6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ %LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG1HXURVFLHQFH

6RSKRPRUH

)LQLVKFROOHJHDQGZRUNLQLQGXVWU\

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

'DYLG*RRGZLQ

'HJUDGDWLRQRI)LEHU5HLQIRUFHG3RO\PHU)53&RPSRVLWHV8VHGDV%XLOGLQJ5HWURILWV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/LQGVD\+XWWRQ

3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\ (QYLURQPHQWDODQG(FRORJLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXHDFDUHHULQ(QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LY,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV	3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

6FRWW-RQHVDQG'DYLG*RRGZLQ

3RO\PHU0RGLILHG&HPHQWVIRU'3ULQWLQJ$SSOLFDWLRQV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 27
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-DUHG.DSODQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

)LQLVKP\XQGHUJUDGXDWHGHJUHHDQGHQWHUWKHZRUNIRUFHIRUDIHZ\HDUVEHIRUHDWWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ&RJQLWLRQDQG&ROODERUDWLRQ6\VWHPV*URXS

%ULDQ:HLVV

+HDOWK'HJUDGDWLRQ$VVHVVPHQWIRU5RERWLF0DQXIDFWXULQJ

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

0DQXIDFWXULQJUHVHDUFKWKH3URJQRVWLFVDQG+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQWIRU5HOLDEOH2SHUDWLRQVLQ6PDUW0DQXIDFWXULQJSURMHFWDLPVWRGHYHORSPHWKRGVWRDVVHVVWKHKHDOWKRIDURERWZRUNFHOOWKHZRUNFHOOLQFOXGHVWKHURERWDORQJZLWKQHFHVVDU\FRPSRQHQWVWRHQDEOHWKHZRUNFHOO¶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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LQD/DX

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

$LPLQJIRUDFDUHHULQLQGXVWU\

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

'HERUDK-DFREV

$FFHOHUDWHG:HDWKHULQJRI3RO\HVWHU8VLQJ,QWHJUDWLQJ6SKHUH7HFKQRORJ\

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±YLVLEOHVSHFWURVFRS\DQGIRXULHUWUDQVIRUPLQIUDUHGVSHFWURVFRS\HDFKPHDVXULQJLQWKHXOWUDYLROHWDQGLQIUDUHGUHJLRQVUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHVXOWLQJGDWDZDVFRPSLOHGDQGVKRZVVSHFWUXPZLGHFKDQJHVLQDEVRUEHQFHDVZHOODVWUDFNLQJFKDQJHVDWVSHFLILFZDYHOHQJWKV7KHVHFKDQJHVFDQEHDWWULEXWHGWRFKDQJHVLQWKHFKHPLVWU\RIWKHVDPSOH8SRQFRPSDULQJWKHGHJUDGDWLRQGDWDRIWKH63+(5(VDPSOHVWRWKHRXWGRRURQHVWKH63+(5(
VDELOLW\WRUHSURGXFHWKHQDWXUDOZHDWKHULQJRISRO\HVWHUZLOOEHDVVHVVHG,IWKH63+(5(LVDEOHWRGHJUDGHVDPSOHVWKHVDPHZD\WKH\GHJUDGHRXWGRRUVWKLVZLOOEHDVLJQLILFDQWVWHSWRZDUGVHVWDEOLVKLQJLQWHJUDWHGVSKHUHGHYLFHVDVDEHWWHUDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHRXWGDWHGWHFKQRORJLHVXVHGFXUUHQWO\,WZLOODOORZIRUPRUHDFFXUDWHVHUYLFHOLIHSUHGLFWLRQDQGKHOSPDQXIDFWXUHUVSURGXFHEHWWHUORQJHUODVWLQJSURGXFWV

2019 SURF Colloquium 28
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$GDP/HQNHU

0HVVLDK&ROOHJH &\EHUVHFXULW\

6RSKRPRUH

1,67&\EHUVHFXULW\$QDO\VW

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ1DWLRQDO)LUH5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\*URXS

0DWWKHZ+RHKOHU

:HE%DVHG'DWD$XJPHQWDWLRQRI'HJUHH9LGHRIRU)LUH5HVHDUFK

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μKRWVSRWV¶ZKLFKWKHYLHZHUFDQVHOHFWRUGHVHOHFWHGDVWKHYLGHRSOD\V:LWKWKLVYLGHRDQ\RQHFDQDFFHVVWKHFDOFXODWLRQVE\FOLFNLQJRQWKHKRWVSRWVDWDQ\SRLQWZKLFKEULQJVXSWKHFKDQJLQJGDWDLQUHDOWLPHDVWKHYLGHRSOD\V7KDWZD\WKHYLHZHUFDQHDVLO\DFFHVVWKLVGDWDZLWKRXWVSHQGLQJWKHODUJHDPRXQWVRIWLPHWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHH[SHULPHQWPDNLQJWKHGDWDPRUHDFFHVVLEOHWRVWDNHKROGHUV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

,DQ0DFNH\

&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\ (OHFWULFDO	&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

)LQLVKP\XQGHUJUDGXDWHGHJUHHDQGSXUVXHJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\6\VWHPV,QWHJUDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ0RGHOLQJDQG7HVWLQJ*URXS

<DQ/X

+')DQG'5($0'$SSOLFDWLRQVIRU$GGLWLYH0DQXIDFWXULQJ

$GGLWLYH0DQXIDFWXULQJ$0DOORZVDKLJKHUGHJUHHRIIUHHGRPLQSURGXFLQJRUJDQLFVKDSHVDQGFRPSOH[LQWHUQDOIHDWXUHVDWWKHFRVWRIORZFRQVLVWHQF\RIWKHSDUWTXDOLW\EHWZHHQUXQVDQGIURPPDFKLQHWRPDFKLQH7RUHVROYHWKLVODFNRITXDOLW\FRQWUROELJGDWDLVJHQHUDWHGEHIRUHWKURXJKRXWDQGDIWHUWKHSDUW
VFUHDWLRQWRKHOSPRQLWRUDQGTXDOLI\WKHSDUWDQGDOORZIRUIDLOXUHDQDO\VLV'DWDFRQVLVWVRI&$'FRPSXWHUDLGHGGHVLJQPRGHOVKLJKVDPSOLQJUDWHWLPHVHULHVFRQWURODQGVHQVRUGDWD'

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 29
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5LOH\0DF/DUHQ

0RQWJRPHU\&ROOHJH )LUH3URWHFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*HWP\$VVRFLDWHVGHJUHHLQ)LUH3URWHFWLRQHQJLQHHULQJLQWKHQREWDLQP\%DFKHORUVLQ)3(:RUNDVD35(3VWXGHQWLQWKH)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQZKLOHJRLQJWRVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ6WUXFWXUHVJURXS-RQDWKDQ:HLJDQGDQG7UDYLV7KRQVWDG

&RUURVLYH'HJUDGDWLRQLQ&RQFUHWH,QIUDVWUXFWXUHZLWK/RZ&DUERQ6WHHODQG1LWLQRO

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6WHYHQ0DOOLD

3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\ 9LUWXDO3URGXFW,QWHJUDWLRQ

6HQLRU

/HDGD'HVLJQ7HDPRU&RRUGLQDWH3/0DQG'HVLJQVWDQGDUGVIRUD7HDP

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\6\VWHPV,QWHJUDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ/LIH&\FOH(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS*XRGRQJ6KDR

$FDVHVWXG\IRUPRGHOLQJPDFKLQHWRROV\VWHPVXVLQJVWDQGDUGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 30
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$QLVD0RRUH

1RUWK&DUROLQD$	76WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH IURP $	7 DQG ZRUN LQ P\ ILHOG EHIRUH JRLQJ EDFN WR VFKRRO WR UHFHLYH P\ 0DVWHU
V GHJUHH

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV*URXS

/DNHVKD3HUU\

+\GUDWLRQ5HDFWLRQVLQ0LFURVWUXFWXUHV

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

GLIIHUHQWLDOVFDQQLQJFDORULPHWU\'6&DQGDVFDQQLQJHOHFWURQPLFURVFRS\6(0ZHUHDOVRXVHGIRUFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ7KHXWLOL]DWLRQRIEXONVWLUUHGUHDFWRUVDLGHGZLWKWKHGLVVROXWLRQRIWKHFDOFLXPK\GUR[LGH+RZHYHUWKHGLVVROXWLRQSURFHVVLVFKDOOHQJLQJWRH[HFXWHEHFDXVHFDOFLXPK\GUR[LGHFDUERQDWHVYHU\HDVLO\DQGTXLWHTXLFNO\ZKHQLWLVH[SRVHGWRDLU7RKHOSZLWKWKLVSURFHVVDQGVORZGRZQFDUERQDWLRQDQHZUHDFWRUZDVGHYHORSHGXVLQJ'SULQWLQJ7KHQHZUHDFWRUQRZKDVDILOWHUDWWDFKHGWRWKHVLGHZKLFKDOORZVWKHVROXWLRQWREHSXPSHGRXW6XEVHTXHQWO\WKHUHDFWRUFDQQRZVWD\VHDOHGSUHYHQWLQJWKHVDPSOHIURPEHLQJH[SRVHGWRDLUZKLOHH[WUDFWLQJVROXWLRQ

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6DUDK0RUJDQ

'LFNLQVRQ&ROOHJH 4XDQWLWDWLYH(FRQRPLFV

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ&RPPXQLW\5HVLOLHQFH*URXS

0DULD'LOODUG

,GHQWLI\LQJ&RQVHQVXV,QGLFDWRUVDQG0HDVXUHVWR+HOS$VVHVV&RPPXQLW\5HVLOLHQFH

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 31
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗

ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/DXUD0XQG\

7RZVRQ8QLYHUVLW\ )RUHQVLF&KHPLVWU\

6HQLRU

)LQLVKGHJUHHJRWRJUDGXDWHVFKRRODQGEHFRPHDSURIHVVRUWRWHDFKLQVSLUHWKHQH[WJHQHUDWLRQ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QRUJDQLF0DWHULDOV*URXS

3DXO6WXW]PDQ

(VWDEOLVKLQJD1HZ6WDQGDUG5HIHUHQFH3RUWODQG&HPHQW&OLQNHUIRU3KDVH$QDO\VLV

XVLQJ 6FDQQLQJ (OHFWURQ 0LFURVFRS\ DQG ;5D\ 3RZGHU 'LIIUDFWLRQ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'LDQHOL]2UWL]0DUWHV

8QLY$QD*0pQGH]5HFLQWRGH*XUDER ,QGXVWULDO	0DQDJHPHQW(QJ

-XQLRU

)LQLVKP\EDFKHORU¶VGHJUHHDQGSXUVXHDFDUHHULQRSHUDWLRQVUHVHDUFK

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ6WUXFWXUHV*URXS

-RVHSK0DLQ

'RFXPHQWLQJ&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI+RVSLWDOV,PSDFWHGE\+XUULFDQH0DULDLQ3XHUWR5LFR

2Q6HSWHPEHU+XUULFDQH0DULDPDGHODQGIDOORQ3XHUWR5LFRDVD&DWHJRU\KXUULFDQHZLWKVXVWDLQHGZLQGVRINPKPSK+XUULFDQH0DULDFDXVHGJUHDWGDPDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGOHDYLQJRIWKHUHVLGHQWVZLWKRXWHOHFWULFLW\DQGUHVLGHQWVVHHNLQJUHIXJHLQVWRUPVKHOWHUV%XLOGLQJVVXVWDLQHGVHULRXVGDPDJHDQGRQO\VHYHQRXWRIDERXWKRVSLWDOVZHUHDEOHWRUHVXPHRSHUDWLRQDIWHUWKHKXUULFDQH7KHWRWDOFRVWRIGDPDJHVLVHVWLPDWHGDWQHDUO\ELOOLRQ0RWLYDWHGE\WKHVHVHYHUHGDPDJHVWKH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHDQG6WDQGDUGVDQG7HFKQRORJ\1,67KDVODXQFKHGDPXOWL\HDUVWXG\RI+XUULFDQH0DULD¶VHIIHFWVRQ3XHUWR5LFRZLWKDIRFXVRQEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJKRZEXLOGLQJVDQGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHIDLOHG7KHJRDORIWKLVVWXG\LVWRGHYHORSUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRULPSURYHGFRGHVVWDQGDUGVDQGSUDFWLFHVWRSUHYHQWVXFKIDLOXUHVLQWKHIXWXUH7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVXPPHUUHVHDUFKLVWRGRFXPHQWNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIKRVSLWDOVLQ3XHUWR5LFRWRJXLGHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIDVDPSOHRIKRVSLWDOVIRUIXUWKHUHYDOXDWLRQ,PSRUWDQWLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKHVDPSOHVHOHFWLRQLQFOXGHVFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHEXLOGLQJLWVHOIVXFKDVWKHEXLOGLQJKHLJKWHOHYDWLRQDQGGDWHRIFRQVWUXFWLRQDVZHOODVLQIRUPDWLRQRQKD]DUGH[SRVXUHVXFKDVWKHIORRG]RQHWKHSHDNZLQGVSHHGDQGWKHHIIHFWRIWKHVXUURXQGLQJWRSRJUDSK\RQZLQGVSHHGV7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQKDVEHHQFROOHFWHGE\LGHQWLI\LQJDYDLODEOHVRXUFHVRIGDWDDQGXVLQJ$UF*,63URDQG*RRJOH(DUWK2QFHWKHVDPSOHRIKRVSLWDOVLVHVWDEOLVKHGGDPDJHVDQGORVVRIIXQFWLRQZLOOEHGRFXPHQWHGLQGHWDLO2QHRUPRUHRIWKHEXLOGLQJVIURPWKLVVDPSOHZLOOEHWHVWHGLQDZLQGWXQQHOXVLQJVFDOHPRGHOVRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGLWVVXUURXQGLQJVWRHYDOXDWHWKHZLQGORDGV,QIRUPDWLRQIURPWKHVHVWXGLHVZLOOEHXVHGWRGHYHORSUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRPDNHFRPPXQLWLHVDFURVVWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVPRUHUHVLOLHQWWRKXUULFDQHVDQGRWKHUQDWXUDOKD]DUGV

2019 SURF Colloquium 32
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6ULQLNHW5DFKXUL

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

QG\HDU6RSKRPRUH

:RUNIRUDIHZ\HDUVDQGDWWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\(QHUJ\DQG(QYLURQPHQW'LYLVLRQ0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHPVDQG&RQWUROV*URXS

1DWDVFKD0LOHVL)HUUHWWL

8VLQJ+9$&&[LQWKH%XLOGLQJ&RPPLVVLRQLQJ3URFHVV

&RPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJVDFFRXQWIRUDVLJQLILFDQWSRUWLRQRI86HQHUJ\H[SHQGLWXUHVDQGWKLVSRUWLRQLV

RQO\H[SHFWHGWRULVH,QPDQ\FDVHVWKH+HDWLQJ9HQWLODWLRQDQG$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ+9$&V\VWHPVZLWKLQWKHVHEXLOGLQJVGRQRWRSHUDWHDVGHVLJQHGZDVWLQJODUJHDPRXQWVRIHQHUJ\DQGFRPSURPLVLQJRFFXSDQWFRPIRUW+9$&FRPPLVVLRQLQJ&[ZKLFKLVWKHSURFHVVRIDQDO\]LQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI+9$&V\VWHPVGXULQJRUDIWHUFRQVWUXFWLRQDOORZVEXLOGLQJVWRSHUIRUPFORVHUWRWKHLUGHVLJQLQWHQWVDYLQJHQHUJ\DQGLPSURYLQJRFFXSDQWFRPIRUWLQWKHORQJUXQ+RZHYHU&[LVDYHU\ODERULQWHQVLYHSURFHVVUHTXLULQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGDQDO\VLVZLWKPRVWEXLOGLQJVIHDWXULQJPXOWLSOH$LU+DQGOLQJ8QLWV$+8VGR]HQVRIWHUPLQDOER[HVDQGRWKHUFRPSRQHQWVLWLVQRWSUDFWLFDOWRFRPPLVVLRQDEXLOGLQJPDQXDOO\+9$&&[DVRIWZDUHWRROGHYHORSHGDW1,67LVGHVLJQHGWRDXWRPDWHSRUWLRQVRIWKH&[SURFHVVXVLQJWKH+9$&V\VWHP
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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6DPXHO5LGGOH

9LUJLQLD7HFK (QJLQHHULQJ6FLHQFH	0HFKDQLFV

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVWXGLHVLQ(QJLQHHULQJ0HFKDQLFV

(QJLQHHULQJ/DE0DWHULDOV	6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS-DH+\XQ.LP

4XDQWLWDWLYH9LVXDOL]DWLRQRI&UDFN)RUPDWLRQLQ3RO\PHU%DFNVKHHW0DWHULDOV

7KHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRISRO\PHUVFKDQJHVLJQLILFDQWO\DIWHUZHDWKHULQJPDNLQJWKHPVXVFHSWLEOHWRFUDFNLQJ7KLVSRVHVDSUREOHPIRUSKRWRYROWDLF39PRGXOHVZKLFKUHO\RQSRO\PHUEDFNVKHHWVIRUSURWHFWLRQIURPH[FHVVLYHKHDWDQGKXPLGLW\0LFURFUDFNLQJLQWKHEDFNVKHHWVFDQEHDVRXUFHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOGHJUDGDWLRQWKDWFDXVHVDVDIHW\FRQFHUQIRUWKH39PRGXOH7KHDELOLW\WRTXDQWLI\WKHIRUPDWLRQDQGSURSDJDWLRQRIWKHVHPLFURFUDFNVLVDQLPSRUWDQWVWHSLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKLVSUREOHP7ZR

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 33
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

,VDDF5RVH

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG $HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXLQJ%6ZLOOOLNHO\DWWHQGJUDGVFKRROIROORZLQJJUDGXDWLRQ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ&RJQLWLRQDQG&ROODERUDWLRQ*URXS

+HOHQ4LDR

+LJKSUHFLVLRQ6WHUHR&DPHUD&DOLEUDWLRQDQG$VVHVVPHQW

5RERWLFVLVDUDSLGO\JURZLQJFRPSRQHQWRIPDQXIDFWXULQJDQGPDLQWDLQLQJJRRGURERWKHDOWKLVYLWDOIRUNHHSLQJXSSURGXFWLRQDQGPLQLPL]LQJFRVWVDQGVHWEDFNV6WHUHRFDPHUDYLVLRQV\VWHPVZKLFKFDQ

PHDVXUHVHYHQGHJUHHVRIDFFXUDF\IRUURERWLFDUPWRROPRYHPHQW[\]SODFHPHQWUROOSLWFKDQG\DZDQGWLPHDUHJRRGIRUDFTXLULQJTXLFNDQGDFFXUDWHPHDVXUHPHQWV(YHU\SDLURILPDJHVRUYLGHRIUDPHVFROOHFWHGE\WKHYLVLRQV\VWHPFDQEHWULDQJXODWHGRUWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRD'UHFRQVWUXFWLRQWRPHDVXUHWKHH[DFWORFDWLRQDQGRULHQWDWLRQRIREMHFWVLQWKHFDPHUDIUDPH+RZHYHUWKLVV\VWHP¶VDFFXUDF\GHSHQGVRQLWVFDOLEUDWLRQZKLFKLQPDQ\DSSOLFDWLRQVPXVWPDSHYHU\SL[HOIURPWKHFDPHUDIUDPHLQWRWKHμ'ZRUOG¶ZLWKLQSL[HODFFXUDF\2QHFRPPRQFKDOOHQJHRIVWHUHRFDPHUDFDOLEUDWLRQVLVWKDWWKHOLPLWHGRYHUODSEHWZHHQWKHWZRFDPHUDV¶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¶VSRVLWLRQLQWKHRSWLFDOIUDPHDQGFDPHUDVHWWLQJVOLNHH[SRVXUHDQGIUDPHUDWH8VLQJIHHGEDFNWRLPSURYHDQGEHWWHUFKDUDFWHUL]HJRRGFDOLEUDWLRQSUDFWLFHVZLOOHQKDQFHFDOLEUDWLRQFRQVLVWHQF\DQGYLVLRQV\VWHPPHDVXUHPHQWV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

:LOOLDP6DDU

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG )LUH3URWHFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

3XUVXH06LQ)LUH3URWHFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ)ODPPDELOLW\5HGXFWLRQ*URXS

,VDDF/HYHQWRQ

3XUVXLQJ,PSURYHG6ROLG3\URO\VLV0RGHOV

7RPRUHDFFXUDWHO\SUHGLFWILUHJURZWKDQGIODPHVSUHDGIRUDPDWHULDOLWVWKHUPRSK\VLFDOSURSHUWLHVDQGWKHPHFKDQLVPVFRQWUROOLQJIODPHVSUHDGDQGPXVWEHPHDVXUHG7KHVHPHFKDQLVPVZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHUPDOGHFRPSRVLWLRQSURGXFWLRQRIJDVHRXVS\URO\]DWHDQGKHDWWUDQVIHUERWKWKURXJKWKHPDWHULDODQGIURPWKHIODPHWRWKHPDWHULDO
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

2019 SURF Colloquium 34
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(VWHEDQ6HJDUUD0DUWLQH]

)ORULGD3RO\WHFKQLF8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW,QLWLDWLQJ3K'VWXGLHV

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO5HVHDUFK

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ0DQLSXODWLRQDQG0RELOLW\6\VWHPV*URXS

-HUHP\0DUYHO

$GDSWLYH0HWULFVDQG3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLV7RROIRU+XPDQ5RERW,QWHUDFWLRQ

+XPDQURERWLQWHUDFWLRQ+5,LVWKHLQWHUDFWLYHFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQDQRSHUDWRUDQGDURERWDOORZLQJDJUHDWHUUDQJHRIWDVNVWKDQDVLQJOHRSHUDWRURUURERWFRXOGSHUIRUPDORQH&ROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQRSHUDWRUDQGURERWFDQXWLOL]HH[WHQVLYHXVHRIKXPDQPDFKLQHLQWHUIDFHV+0,IURPDVVLPSOHDVDPRXVHDQG

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

.\OH)R[6KUHYH

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

&RPSOHWHP\XQGHUJUDGXDWHGHJUHHDW80'DQGSXUVXHDFDUHHULQHQJLQHHULQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3URGXFWLRQ6\VWHPV*URXS

*UHJRU\:9RJO

6TXDUHQHVV7HVWLQJRI0DFKLQH7RRO/LQHDU$[HV%DVHGRQ,QHUWLDO0HDVXUHPHQWV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 35
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'HYRQ$URQ/XLV6XDUH]

8QLYHUVLW\RI7HQQHVVHH.QR[YLOOH &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6HQLRU

3XUVXLQJDJUDGXDWHGHJUHHLQ&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHDWWKH8QLYRI7HQQHVVHH.QR[YLOOHIRFXVLQJRQ+LJK 3HUIRUPDQFH &RPSXWLQJ

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ(QJLQHHUHG)LUH6DIHW\*URXS

.HYLQ0F*UDWWDQ

2SWLPL]DWLRQIRU+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH&RPSXWLQJ

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
V97XQH$PSOLILHUSURYLGHGDZD\WRWUDFNWKHLPSDFWRIHGLWVDQG,QWHO,QVSHFWRUHDVHGVWDELOLW\WHVWLQJ7KHVHWRROVDUHFKDOOHQJLQJWROHDUQEXWXOWLPDWHO\SURYLGHDQHQYLURQPHQWWKDWJUHDWO\IDFLOLWDWHVHIIHFWLYH2SHQ03LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ7KHGRFXPHQWDWLRQUHVXOWLQJIURPWKLVZRUNZLWK2SHQ03DQGDFFRPSDQ\LQJWRROVZLOOKDVWHQ)'6¶V

JURZWKPRYLQJIRUZDUG$VWKHFRGHLVPRGLILHGLWFDQEHRSWLPL]HGTXLFNO\ZLWKGHYHORSHUVDEOHWRHYDOXDWHWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHLUZRUN&XUUHQWO\)'6DOUHDG\XVHV&RQWLQXRXV,QWHJUDWLRQ&,DPHWKRGRIFRGHPDQDJHPHQWZKHUHWHVWVDUHDXWRPDWLFDOO\UXQGDLO\WRHQVXUHWKHVWDELOLW\DQGDFFXUDF\RIDSURJUDP7KHDQDO\WLFSURFHVVHVGLVFXVVHGKHUHDUHHDVLO\PHUJHGLQWRWKH)'6&,SURFHVVIXUWKHULQFUHDVLQJWKHHIILFLHQF\RIGHYHORSPHQW

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

*HQHYLHYH7DQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN )LUH3URWHFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ)ODPPDELOLW\5HGXFWLRQ*URXS

6KRQDOL1D]DUH5LFN'DYLV

$VVHVVLQJWKH6PROGHULQJ3URSHQVLW\RI:RRG([SRVHGWR'LUHFW&RQWDFW+HDWLQJ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 36
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0HOLVVD7HQVD

2UHJRQ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ 0HFKDQLFDO	0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

,SODQWRDWWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRRODW2UHJRQ6WDWH

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\6\VWHP,QWHJUDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ/LIH&\FOH(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS:LOOLDP%HUQVWHLQ

,QWHJUDWLQJ(QYLURQPHQWDO/LIH&\FOH$VVHVVPHQWLQWR3DUDPHWULF'HVLJQ2SWLPL]DWLRQ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'RQDOG7UXRQJ

8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD6DQ'LHJR 0DWK&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

$OXPQL

)XOO7LPH6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHU3RVVLEO\*UDG6FKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\(QHUJ\DQG(QYLURQPHQW'LYLVLRQ0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHPVDQG&RQWUROV

$PDQGD3HUW]ERUQ*OHQ*ODHVDU

7KH8QNQRZQ)DFWRUVRI+HDWLQJDQG&RROLQJ$LU

7KHUHLVDQHHGWRJHQHUDWHQHZHIILFLHQF\VWDQGDUGVIRUDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJEHFDXVHFRROLQJHQHUJ\LVRQHRIWKHELJJHVWFRPSRQHQWVRI86HQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ)RUFRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJVDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJUHSUHVHQWVDVLJQLILFDQWSDUWRIWKLVSUREOHPDVFRROLQJHQHUJ\IRUFRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJVDFFRXQWVIRURI86

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
VH[LVWLQJ/DE9,(:SURJUDPXVLQJYDULRXVVLPSOHPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPRGHOVWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHRSHUDWLRQVKDSSHQLQJZLWKLQRQHSDUWRIWKHODEDQGVRPHKDQGVRQZRUN$PRQJVWWKHFKDOOHQJHV,HQFRXQWHUHGZHUHRUJDQL]LQJGDWDWHVWLQJGLIIHUHQWPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPRGHOVDQGGLVFRYHULQJEL]DUUHUHVXOWVZLWKLQWKHGDWD,ZDVJLYHQ

2019 SURF Colloquium 37
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'DYLG8PDQVN\

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN $HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

&RPSOHWHXQGHUJUDGXDWHGHJUHHDQGZRUNLQWKHGHIHQVHLQGXVWU\LQ5	'

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3URGXFWLRQ6\VWHPV*URXS

-DVRQ)R[

$QDO\VLVRI6XUIDFH)LQLVKLQ/DVHU3RZGHU%HG)XVLRQ$GGLWLYH0DQXIDFWXULQJ

$GGLWLYHPDQXIDFWXULQJ$0WHFKQRORJ\KDVEHHQUHVHDUFKHGDQGGHYHORSHGIRURYHUDTXDUWHUFHQWXU\DQGLVEHFRPLQJDFRPPRQSODFHWRROLQLQGXVWU\IRUUHVHDUFKGHYHORSPHQWDQGSURGXFWLRQ5DWKHUWKDQUHPRYLQJPDWHULDOOLNHPRVWRWKHUPDWHULDOSURFHVVLQJPDFKLQHVGR$0WHFKQRORJ\EXLOGVD

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¶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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

9DUVKD9HMDOOD

8QLYHUVLW\RI9LUJLQLD 6WDWLVWLFVDQG)LQDQFH

-XQLRU

,SODQWRSXUVXHDFDUHHULQGDWDVFLHQFH

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\$SSOLHG(FRQRPLFV2IILFH

-HQQLIHU+HOJHVRQ

%XVLQHVV,QWHUUXSWLRQDQG5HFRYHU\)ROORZLQJD'LVDVWHU

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
UDWLQJDQGGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHLURZQ60(
VUHFRYHU\7KLVDQDO\VLVZLOOLQIRUPDORQJLWXGLQDOUHFRYHU\VWXG\RIEXVLQHVVHVLQ/XPEHUWRQDQGSURYLGHDEDVLVIRUPRUHJHQHUDOL]HGUHVHDUFKRQEXVLQHVVUHFRYHU\

2019 SURF Colloquium 38
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$GDP:DWKLHX

*HRUJHWRZQ8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH0DWKHPDWLFV

6RSKRPRUH

*UDGXDWH6WXGLHVLQD&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHSURJUDP

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ0DQLSXODWLRQDQG0RELOLW\6\VWHPV*URXS

-RVHSK)DOFR

,QYHVWLJDWLQJWKH6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQRI:RUN9ROXPHIRU5RERWLF0DQLSXODWRUV

:LWKJURZLQJURERWLFKDQGUHVHDUFKDQGLQGXVWULDOXVHWKHUHLVDQLQFUHDVLQJQHHGWRFDSWXUHWKHLQGLYLGXDOFRPSHWHQFLHVDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVHFRPSOH[V\VWHPVXQGHUDXQLILHGIUDPHZRUN7R

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

=DFKDU\:HUUPDQQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI.HQWXFN\ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUDO6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHULF0DWHULDOV*URXS

;LDRKRQJ*X

$QDO\VLVRIWKH3RO\PHULF'HJUDGDWLRQRI6RODU0RGXOH%DFNVKHHWV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 39
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7KRPDV:URQD

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQGDW&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH0DWK

-XQLRU

)LQLVKXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGLHVWKHQJUDGXDWHVFKRROIRUFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ1HWZRUNHG&RQWURO6\VWHPV

7LPRWK\=LPPHUPDQ

6LPXODWLRQDQG'DWD$QDO\VLVIRU&\EHUVHFXULW\RQ,QGXVWULDO&RQWURO6\VWHPV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&KULVWLQD<RX

&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWDWLRQDO%LRORJ\

6RSKRPRUHDW&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQLQGXVWU\EHIRUHDWWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

(QJLQHHULQJ/DERUDWRU\)LUH5HVHDUFK'LYLVLRQ)LUHILJKWLQJ7HFKQRORJ\*URXS

$OEHUW-RQHV

8VLQJ1HXUDO1HWZRUNVWR'HWHFW.LWFKHQ&RRNWRS3UH,JQLWLRQ

,QWKHSHULRGEHWZHHQFRRNLQJZDVWKHOHDGLQJFDXVHRIUHSRUWHGKRPHILUHVDQGKRPHILUHLQMXULHVDVZHOODVWKHVHFRQGOHDGLQJFDXVHRIKRPHILUHGHDWKVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH86)LUH$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ¶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
VRSWLPDOSUHGLFWLRQFDSDELOLW\:HIXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWHGSUHSURFHVVLQJPHWKRGVWRDGGUHVVWKHUDZGDWD¶VGHSHQGHQFHRQSOXPHWUDQVSRUWWRFRQVLGHUDQDO\VLVRQWKHUDWHRIFKDQJHRIVHQVRUYDOXHVRYHUWLPHDQGWRFRQVLGHUDQ\EXGJHWFRQVWUDLQWVZLWKWKHW\SHVRIVHQVRUVXVHG7KHXOWLPDWHPRGHODFKLHYHVDQDFFXUDF\DERYH,QFRPSDULVRQWRLQGXVWULDOVPRNHGHWHFWRUVZKLFKPD\RQO\DODUPXVHUVDIWHULJQLWLRQWKHVXFFHVVRIWKLVDOJRULWKPFRXOGSUHYHQWWKHVWDUWRINLWFKHQILUHVHQWLUHO\ZKLOHLJQRULQJQRUPDOFRRNLQJDFWLYLWLHVDQGRWKHUQXLVDQFHVRXUFHV

2019 SURF Colloquium 40
2019 SURF Colloquium 41
First Name Last Name

Damien Beecroft

Kevin Boby

Joseph Converse

Daniel DeLeon

Eve Fleisig

Linus Ge

Roberto Gorbea Finalet

Thomas Hayes

Glen Joy

Gerson Kroiz

Matthew Kupferschmid

Elisabeth Landgren

Angelica Lin

Eric Liu

Lily Northcutt

Shyaer Parvez

Sydney Pugh

Mason Rhodes

Caleb Robertson

Temur Saidkhodjaev

Justin Slud

Cameron Smith

Peter Stein

Henok Tasissa

Daniel Tokarz

Richard Williams

Jesse Zhu

Kevin Zong

Kevin Zong

ITL SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 42
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'DPLHQ%HHFURIW

8QLYHUVLW\RI&RORUDGR%RXOGHU

$SSOLHG0DWKDQG&RPS6FL

-XQLRU

,ZLOOHDUQD3K'LQDSSOLHGPDWKDQGUHVHDUFKPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJRUFU\SWRJUDSK\

,7/&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ

.HUU\0F.D\

6WUHDP/HDUQLQJIRU0LQ(QWURS\3UHGLFWLRQ

&U\SWRJUDSK\UHOLHVKHDYLO\RQUDQGRPQHVVWRVHFXUHLQIRUPDWLRQ,QUHDOZRUOGDSSOLFDWLRQVLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWVVXFKDVNH\VSDGGLQJDQGQRQFHVDUHQRUPDOO\SURGXFHGE\DUDQGRPQXPEHUJHQHUDWRU51*7KHDPRXQWRIUDQGRPQHVVLQDQ51*FRPHVIURPWKHDPRXQWRIXQSUHGLFWDELOLW\LQRQHRILWVFRPSRQHQWVFDOOHGWKHQRLVHVRXUFH,IRQHFDQSUHGLFWWKHRXWSXWVRIDQRLVHVRXUFHWKHQRQHFRXOGSRWHQWLDOO\GHWHUPLQHWKHVWULQJRIQXPEHUVIURPWKH51*DQGDOOLQIRUPDWLRQHQFU\SWHGZLWKLWV3UDQGRP ́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

	




	







		 !	

"	
	
! #
!$% & '(

)	)

	

 *	 
	 !"

	#

 
%
) $%'

%
	) '(

)	)$
%		"

&'()* # 
'
	 ) $ !+ #
,
%!
'			 

# 
'
	 !
'
 ( +,
*
-

&		$ 
-.

/)!
-	)$/
0	,&
	.&
/  (+
	1' 


		%
$,!


2(($
	()	3)$$!&  $
	 $
$
, 
04&5
)
$!

/ !%
	)6) '	
)0  #' 
) '(

		 
0$	0	')$	3)
	  /)
%
)
	 %'
	)'

	 ,	

' 
%
)	
)

	
%"
-

7	
	
3$% #%($
	4+5

$) 	

' 


		

%

$
	' 

$	8$%
 
+' %$-	 ,!
( 

		+' %$))
)	

	% $


)%

$	0'
-9((
 )
 )

	$


)%

	
 

%

#
 '
$
%:(
	'
) %)
%!	%		%$(
	)	($	
	
 
-; ,



	  #

		%

!	$%
 ' 

$	8$%
 
+' %$ $!,$$%


%
,#
 '
' 
)%	

	
	 -9
, 
0%%

, 

	 
$
%(
 $'1 $$

%%

) '#
 '
'( ($
	 2&,	%
	#!
 #%




,	
	
'( ($
	 2

7:($ 
%

, (
 $'	
) 
:
 #	
!	''

	 
0 #

)$$)$

	'%	() 
)
'	)
 ) (!' %$	
!-	'%

%	
	
%!)'#
 ':(
	'



!	

' #
)$$$	4;-5)$$& $ !	84$

'%	''$$5'	)
 ) (' %$4<	<	5	
	
 
4&5%%%	
	 $:(
	'
()	3)%$	-7)

%
%"
' %$	

)	
)

%)
	%	
	
%
((
%

	%
'	45) #
%

45


 ( #%



%% )$$) $ !	8%4=5 ) '( 	
%

# 
'%#
 '$$
->)%

) 	
 #	'%
#
)# 

 %	
!'0)

%!
		%	'$! #? 
)
	' 
!	$	()
	  #)$$	 $ 	
-

!) '(
	
))
)	 #

, +' %$

	% ) '( 	



%		%$%

,,
$
 %%

3

(
 $'-7	
%%	
	 $) '(
	  #+' %$))
)	)
 


 (
, (
	)	($	
	
 
%
, )$$$	,) $%%%


 #
%



,
' 
$	0$!%
,#
 '
'. ($
	 -% 
	, 
0,'	
$
 (
 	%	%$	# 
%	'	
	+' %$

	% 

%%

-

2019 SURF Colloquium 43
	




	



 !

		

 !

	

"#	$%&'(*

!	+

#,
-!		!*./0!!1234
2
5!$.		!,4!.
	6.
70!

	




	


 


	



		
	


	
	




	
	 		

	

!
	"

	
	#
$#$%
	 &
	 	
'%'	
##(




	#	)	*!%+

+
)
$	
	 
		 #	

	)
	+!(
	#

	#
 #+,#	
		)	+)
+#'	
'
!	

		
	


-
$#$#
	 &
	 	
')

#
#	
##	# -#
	#
	  -!	
,
	)
	
$#$#
	 &
	  

#!(+ 
	+ 	
	 #+&
 	)
#
,

	

	#	
	)

	


.#'	! 


	,

	 
 

&+$!/
$
 
	
	

 	)

				'
	#
	 		#+&
	&#'	
	! ,
	)	'
	)
0++	+

	
	##
##
	 $&
	 !##


	 	
-
	
#+
	)#'	



-!

	




	



 !

		

 !

	

"#	$%&'(*

!	+



#,
-!		!*

./0!!1234
2
5!$.		!,4!.
	6.
70!

	



		 	

			


			 !
	 

"#$		
$

%	$	&


'
		
	(	)

* 	+
	

	,		

		- 		(	-
* 	.
			

	
			
/'	
,-	 			,* 	+
	 				
,-
	
	/$		 
0
1
		* 	.
	






	/3* 	.
		
		
		 	,-
	 
4

	-
 
	
/#		

	

		-
	 	
		
 
/#		
	5 
	
				-		,
		(
 	
	
/#


0	1	

 		
		
	
-/'
-	

	3

	
-,	-	-
 
	-&
		
	


	
	 		
(		-
/$	
	5	

	-
	

(

		
	-
	
/$,	
	 	
	
6
 		-
	- 

					
,/	-		
		
	-
	


		
 -	
				-/

2019 SURF Colloquium 44
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(YH)OHLVLJ

3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRRODQGUHVHDUFKDFDGHPLDLQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\2IILFH

0DUWLQ+HUPDQ*XQD\'RJDQ

$*8,IRU(YDOXDWLRQRI'LVWDQFH0HWULFVRQ+HWHURJHQHRXV'DWD6HWV

)LHOGVDVGLYHUVHDVFULPHVFHQHIRUHQVLFVFHOOLPDJLQJWH[WUHWULHYDOUHFRJQL]LQJREMHFWVLQSLFWXUHVDQGWUDLQLQJQHXUDOQHWZRUNVDOOUHTXLUHUHOLDEOHPHWKRGVRIFODVVLI\LQJFOXVWHULQJDQGGLIIHUHQWLDWLQJGDWD7KHVHWDVNVIXQGDPHQWDOO\GHSHQGRQFRPSDULVRQPHWULFVWKDWPHDVXUHWKHVLPLODULW\RILWHPV)RUH[DPSOHPDWFKLQJDFULPHVFHQHILQJHUSULQWWRDVXVSHFW¶VILQJHUSULQWLQDGDWDEDVHPLJKWUHTXLUHILQGLQJWKHVLPLODULW\EHWZHHQWKHLULPDJHVERXQGDU\FXUYHVRUSRLQWVRILQWHUHVW7HVWLQJWKHVHVLPLODULW\PHWULFVUHTXLUHVWKHXVHRIVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VHVDVZHOODVDUHVHDUFKHU¶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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/LQXV*H

8QLYHUVLW\RI5RFKHVWHU 0DWKHPDWLFV

-XQLRU

0RVWOLNHO\JUDGXDWHVFKRRO

,QIRUPDWLRQDQG7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\$SSOLHGDQG&RPSXWDWLRQDO0DWKHPDWLFV'LYLVLRQ0DWKHPDWLFDO6RIWZDUH*URXS

+RZDUG&RKO

2QJHQHUDWLQJIXQFWLRQVIRUTLQYHUVHSRO\QRPLDOVLQWKHT$VNH\VFKHPH

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

DQGFRQQHFWLRQUHODWLRQVIRUWKHUHJXODUDQGTLQYHUVHV\PPHWULFSRO\QRPLDOV,QWKHODVWSDUWRIWKHSURMHFWZHFRPSXWHGVHYHUDOJHQHUDOL]HGJHQHUDWLQJIXQFWLRQVE\FRPELQLQJFRQQHFWLRQUHODWLRQVDQGJHQHUDWLQJIXQFWLRQVIRUWKHVHSRO\QRPLDOV7KLVWDONZLOOEHJLQZLWKDQLQWURGXFWLRQZKLFKZLOOLQFOXGHDGHVFULSWLRQRIRXUQRWDWLRQDQGVRPHRIWKHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHUHJXODUTV\PPHWULFSRO\QRPLDOV7KLVZLOOEHIROORZHGE\DSUHVHQWDWLRQRIRXUPDLQUHVXOWVQDPHO\WKHTLQYHUVHV\PPHWULFSRO\QRPLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVEDVLFK\SHUJHRPHWULF

2019 SURF Colloquium 45
	




	



 !

		

 !

	

"#	$%&'(*

!	+

#,
-!		!*./0!!1234
2
5!$.		!,4!.
	6.
70!

	






	


 





	







 



!"#$

%&


$&
%&

" '#

"
()!
&






(


	
*		







'+,$



-
	.




$

'"	$

,.



$
	/





$$
		

'(




,
.
$





	)

()!





'0()!






!
(&
1!(&2'(!
.




3

'4



$


-

$,
&


"
.'!(&









$,





.
$		,
.



521(

0

-
2 


	)	

,

.
*,	

,,


-

'621(/
0

-


2 


	)	
,

	7)8


	




'!(&,

12,
,
12	

'4!(&



162'4

!(&/)&'4		

,


				

-'9
	


$,
/


'	&
	



	

'4



	

&
		

	

8	'

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7KRPDV/+D\HV

8QLYHUVLW\RI1RUWK*HRUJLD ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRRO&DUHHULQ&\EHUVHFXULW\

,7/$SSOLHG&\EHUVHFXULW\1DWLRQDO,QLWLDWLYHIRU&\EHUVHFXULW\(GXFDWLRQ

'DQLHOOH6DQWRV

0HDVXULQJ3XEOLF$ZDUHQHVVRI&\EHUVHFXULW\&DUHHUV

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¶VEDVLFNQRZOHGJHRIF\EHUVHFXULW\FDUHHUV7RGHWHUPLQHWKLVEDVHOLQHDVXUYH\ZLOOEHFRQGXFWHGDQGWKHGDWDDQDO\]HG0HDVXULQJSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIF\EHUVHFXULW\FDUHHUVZLOOKHOSRUJDQL]DWLRQVGHYHORSPRUHHIIHFWLYHVWUDWHJLHVLQDOOHYLDWLQJWKHVKRUWDJHRIF\EHUVHFXULW\SURIHVVLRQDOV

2019 SURF Colloquium 46
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

*OHQ-R\

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU6FLHQFHDQG&ULPLQRORJ\	&ULPLQD

6RSKRPRUH

6HHNLQJWRSXUVXHD0DVWHU
VLQ&\EHUVHFXULW\(QJLQHHULQJZLWKWKHGHVLUHRIZRUNLQJIRUWKHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQW

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\$SSOLHG&\EHUVHFXULW\'LYLVLRQ1DWLRQDO&\EHUVHFXULW\&HQWHURI([FHOOHQFH*URXS

-DPHV0F&DUWK\

6HFXULQJWKH(QHUJ\6HFWRUWKURXJK6WDQGDUGV%DVHG&\EHUVHFXULW\$UFKLWHFWXUHV

7KHHQHUJ\VHFWRULVRQHRIWKHQDWLRQ¶VFULWLFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVDVRXWOLQHGE\WKH'HSDUWPHQWRI+RPHODQG6HFXULW\,QGXVWULDOFRQWUROV\VWHPV,&6ZKLFKDUHV\VWHPVXVHGZLWKLQWKHHQHUJ\VHFWRUWRIDFLOLWDWHYDULRXVLQGXVWULDOSURFHVVHVSUHVHQWDVLJQLILFDQWSRUWLRQRIVXFKFULWLFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH,&6DVVHWVDUHJURZLQJLQFRPPXQLFDWLRQDELOLWLHVDQGFUHDWLQJZKDWLVNQRZQDVWKH,QGXVWULDO,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV,,R7WKHYDVWLQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVVRIVHQVRUVPDFKLQHU\YHKLFOHVDQGRWKHUDVVHWVZRUNLQJWRJHWKHULQLQGXVWULDOHQYLURQPHQWV$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHJURZLQJXVHRIGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHV'(5¶VVXFKDVUHVLGHQWLDOVRODUDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGZLQGWXUELQHVDORQJVLGHWKHVHDVVHWVFUHDWHLQFUHDVHGDYHQXHVRILQIRUPDWLRQH[FKDQJHV7KHVHDVVHWVWKHQEHFRPHNH\WDUJHWVIRUF\EHUDWWDFNVSRWHQWLDOO\UHVXOWLQJLQGLVUXSWLRQVWRWKHSRZHUJULGDQGRWKHULQGXVWULDORSHUDWLRQV,&6PDOZDUHSUHYHQWLRQDQGGDWDLQWHJULW\DVVXUDQFHIRU,,R7DVVHWVDVZHOODVDVVHWPDQDJHPHQWFDSDELOLWLHVDUHWKHUHIRUHSDUDPRXQWLQHQVXULQJVHFXUHRSHUDWLRQRIHQHUJ\VHFWRUDVVHWV7KHIROORZLQJGHVFULEHVWZRF\EHUVHFXULW\SURMHFWVWRSURYLGHDGDSWDEOHDUFKLWHFWXUHVROXWLRQVWRDGGUHVVWKHVHSUREOHPV7KHILUVWDGGUHVVHVGDWDLQWHJULW\DQG,&6PDOZDUHFKDOOHQJHVIRU,,R7DVVHWV7KHVHFRQGWDFNOHVHQKDQFLQJDVVHWPDQDJHPHQWFDSDELOLWLHVZLWKPRQLWRULQJDQGVHFXULW\IHDWXUHVSULPDULO\WKURXJKWKHFUHDWLRQRIDQDXWRPDWHGDVVHWLQYHQWRU\7KHHQGSURGXFWRIWKHVHSURMHFWVZLOOEHWZR1,6763VHULHVGRFXPHQWVNQRZQDVSUDFWLFHJXLGHVIRULQGXVWU\WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHSUREOHPVDWKDQGDQGRXUGHYHORSHGUHIHUHQFHVROXWLRQV7KHVROXWLRQVDLPWREHVWDQGDUGVEDVHGPRGXODUDGDSWDEOHDQGUHSHDWDEOH

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

*HUVRQ.URL]

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ 0DWKHPDWLFV	&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6RSKPRUH

3XUVXLQJD3K'LQDSSOLHGPDWKHPDWLFV

,7/6RIWZDUHDQG6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV*URXS

'U7LPRWK\%ODWWQHU

([SORLWLQJ&RDUVH*UDLQHG3DUDOOHOLVPLQ1XPHULFDO/LQHDU$OJHEUD5RXWLQHV

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¶VVWDWHLQWKHFDOFXODWLRQ7KLVOLEUDU\H[SORLWVDQHZGHSWKRIFRDUVHJUDLQSDUDOOHOLVPQRWSUHVHQWLQSRSXODUOLQHDUDOJHEUDOLEUDULHV,QDGGLWLRQWRXVLQJEORFNVRIPDWULFHVZLWKLQWKHFRPSXWDWLRQWKHOLEUDU\DOORZVIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIUHVXOWVLQDEORFNOLNHIDVKLRQZKLOHWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHPDWUL[LVDPLGVWFRPSXWDWLRQ7KLVGHVLJQEHQHILWVDJUDSKWKDWFRQVLVWVRIPXOWLSOHOLQHDUDOJHEUDURXWLQHVDVDEORFN
VUHVXOWVIURPRQHURXWLQHFDQEHXVHGLPPHGLDWHO\LQWKHQH[WURXWLQHZLWKRXWZDLWLQJIRUWKHVROXWLRQRIWKHUHPDLQLQJEORFNVRIWKHPDWUL[(DUO\FRPSDULVRQVZLWKWKH2SHQ%/$6OLEUDU\VKRZFRPSDUDEOHSHUIRUPDQFHIRUVROYLQJODUJHGHQVHPDWULFHV$IWHUIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH+HGJHKRJ0DWUL[%ORFN/LEUDU\+0%/LEPRUHWKRURXJKVWXGLHVFDQVKRZWKHLPSDFWWKLVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIEORFNGHFRPSRVLWLRQRQOLQHDUDOJHEUDURXWLQHVKDVRQSHUIRUPDQFH

2019 SURF Colloquium 47
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DWWKHZ.XSIHUVFKPLG

:DVKLQJWRQ8QLYHUVLW\LQ6W/RXLV 0DWKHPDWLFV

-XQLRU

,SODQRQFRQWLQXLQJWRZRUNLQWKHILHOGRIVWDWLVWLFVDQGPD\EHJRWRJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

,7/6WDWLVWLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ6WDWLVWLFDO'HVLJQ$QDO\VLV	0RGHOLQJ*URXS

-RKQ/X

6DYLQJ/LYHVZLWK&RRNWRS6HQVRUV

&RRNWRSILUHVDUHYHU\GHVWUXFWLYHLQRXUVRFLHW\1HDUO\RIUHSRUWHGKRPHILUHVLQYROYHFRRNLQJHTXLSPHQW:LWKWKLVLQPLQGLWLVLPSRUWDQWWRLGHQWLI\WHFKQRORJ\WKDWFDQPDNHRXUNLWFKHQVVDIHU1HZUHJXODWLRQVUHTXLUHFRRNLQJHTXLSPHQWWRKDYHDQLQVWDOOHGVHQVRUWKDWZLOOLGHQWLI\ZKHQDILUHZLOORFFXUDQGVKXWRIIWKHVWRYH(YHQZLWKWKHVHQHZUHJXODWLRQVWKDW

SUHYHQWSRVVLEOHWUDJHG\WKHUHDUHVWLOORYHUODUJHDPRXQWVRIROGHUVWRYHVDFURVVWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVWKDWGRQRWKDYHWKHVHLQVWDOOHG7KLVFUHDWHVWKHQHHGIRUDUHWURDFWLYHO\ILWWHFKQRORJ\WKDWFDQWXUQWKHVWRYHRIILILWVHQVHVDSRVVLEOHILUH

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(OLVDEHWK/DQGJUHQ

0DFDOHVWHU&ROOHJH &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH

,7/$&0'+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH&RPSXWLQJDQG9LVXDOL]DWLRQ*URXS

6WHYHQ6DWWHUILHOG

4XDQWXP'RWVDQG9LUWXDO5HDOLW\7KH3XUVXLWRI,QWXLWLYH'DWD5HDOL]DWLRQV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 48
	




	



 !

		

 !

	

"#	$%&'(*

!	+

#,
-!		!*./0!!1234
2
5!$.		!,4!.
	6.
70!

"#	$%	"

&'##'()	##	*+, --#	.
*/$"	'.
$''#"('*/'"$"'#',%'
',--#	.+&'*-
/'"#
*/$	1		'"
*/$#"#,	+'.#	"'-"
'",2#,--#	.&*'*
	$
'.(''"'$#'"#"/'.,&#	3$/'"

'"'$#'"#"/'.	5*6	'#'	$..	".
'

-$	3$.		"
'.,$$"$7

,$".#'"
'.	$
#,.
',*(#$##'"	".
'.#	1*.	$/'"('.	/'"
-,'$*'
-,78"('
"
#,
$'

'.*	"	

.	$"
#,-'		/179':1-*$/$#$'*-"	.1#'-	""	$#
"/1
'*$##.	'	*	#7;,	"
'.$	"	'	*	#
'
-*$/$#*<
-$	##,('
'*.	$/'"

1"	"#'"
"-
"
-'
$/'"./'"$$'*-//'"*'"$'*-"	:	##	"$".#/*
#,#':
$'
'(*7"	*-'
"
=	
'(	'#'	$.		'.
$
:	$	"$#.$'".,
/,".>
",
$
'(-'
	"7	=	
##':$
'$$
	?

$
#".*$"	$#.	@"$
:"	'#'	$.".
		'	*	#7$'*-#	$
.	'.
$
'(*'"'$#'"#"/'.		.
*	".('*"$#*"/$'""$5A6-$
'$'-,".*-$
'*
,56.
7&"
#,
	"B$	"
'$

$""	
*
.	
"$
:"A-$
"'$"
,$#
A.
	"(#:,7,-'D$
	"1'#1	*-#*"/"$'*	"/'"'(*
*/$#".
//$#
$"	>'(.
"#,	
'$#	(,*'"'$#'"#"/'.,-$
7:	##	"
'.$".1,
B$$,'(
''#$F	"$	-#&'*-'""
"#,	5F&6$<$'*-'	/'"".G
'1H	
"$5G67

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(ULF/LX

&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\ ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQ6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJZKLOHHDUQLQJDPDVWHU¶VGHJUHHLQ,QIRUPDW

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ6HFXULW\0DQDJHPH

'U5DPDVZDP\&KDQGUDPRXOL

+DUGZDUH%DVHG6HFXULW\0HDVXUHVIRU9LUWXDO0DFKLQHV

9LUWXDOPDFKLQHV90VDUHYLUWXDODSSOLFDWLRQHQYLURQPHQWVWKDWEHKDYHVOLNHDVHSDUDWHFRPSXWHUEXWFDQEHUXQRQDQ\KRVWPDFKLQHZLWKDK\SHUYLVRU90VDUHWKHPRVWSRSXODUPHWKRGRIYLUWXDOL]LQJFRPSXWLQJUHVRXUFHVDQGDUHWKHEDFNERQHRIPRVWPDMRUFORXGVHUYLFHV$VPRVWRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGHYHQJRYHUQPHQWVUHO\RQFORXGFRPSXWLQJWKHHQWLUHZRUOGLVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHVHFXULW\RIYLUWXDOPDFKLQHV0RVWFXUUHQW90VHFXULW\PHDVXUHVDUHEDVHGLQVRIWZDUHZKLFKLVOHVVVHFXUHWKDQKDUGZDUHEDVHGVHFXULW\PHDVXUHV&XUUHQWHIIRUWVLQKDUGZDUHEDVHGVHFXULW\PHDVXUHVDUHPRVWO\OLPLWHGWRVHFXULQJDVLQJOHGHYLFHDQGOHVVFRPPRQO\XVHG7KLVSURMHFWSURSRVHVDKDUGZDUHEDVHGVHFXULW\PHDVXUHIRUYLUWXDOPDFKLQHVWKDWFRPELQHVWKHDGYDQWDJHVRIERWK7UXVWHG3ODWIRUP0RGXOH730WHFKQRORJ\DQG,QWHO¶V6RIWZDUH*XDUG([WHQVLRQV6*;WHFKQRORJ\2XUGHVLJQXVHVD730FKLSORFDWHGRQWKHKRVWPDFKLQHWRVHFXUHO\VWDUWDQGVWRSWKHGLIIHUHQW90VZKLOHXVLQJ6*;HQFODYHVDVDUXQWLPHHQYLURQPHQWIRUWKH90VWRHQVXUHWKDWWKH\DUHVHFXUHWKURXJKRXWWKH90OLIHF\FOH2XUGHVLJQSURWHFWVDJDLQVWXQDXWKRUL]HGDFFHVVRIVHFXUHGDWDLQVLGHRID90DPDOLFLRXVK\SHUYLVRUDGYHUVDULHVJDLQLQJDFFHVVWRDYDOLG90XVHU¶VDFFRXQWDQGHYHQPDOLFLRXVFRGHUXQQLQJLQVLGHRID902XUGHVLJQFRXOGEHXWLOL]HGE\DOOYLUWXDOPDFKLQHVWRIXUWKHULQFUHDVHWKHVHFXULW\RIWKH90VDQGWKXVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDFFHVVHGDQGSURFHVVHGE\WKH90V+RZHYHURXUGHVLJQUHOLHVRQWKHLQWHJULW\DQGVHFXULW\RI6*;ZKLFKPHDQVUHO\LQJRQ,QWHO&RUSRUDWLRQVPLJKWEHUHOXFWDQWWRDGRSWRXUGHVLJQDV,QWHOFRQWUROVZKHQDQGKRZ6*;HQFODYHVDUHXVHG)XWXUHUHVHDUFKFRXOGFRPELQHWKHIXQFWLRQDOLWLHVRI730FKLSVDQG6*;HQFODYHVLQWRRQHGHYLFHVRWKDWKDUGZDUHVHFXULW\FRXOGEHDFKLHYHGIRUDFKHDSHU

SULFHDQGQRWKDYHWRUHO\RQDVSHFLILFPDQXIDFWXUHUVXFKDV,QWHO

2019 SURF Colloquium 49
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/LO\1RUWKFXWW

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0DWKHPDWLFV

6HQLRU

8QGHFLGHGZRUNLQJDIWHUJUDGXDWLRQRUDWWHQGLQJJUDGVFKRROIRUDSSOLHGPDWK

,7/$SSOLHG	&RPSXWDWLRQ0DWKHPDWLFV0DWKHPDWLFDO$QDO\VLV	0RGHOLQJ

3URI0LFKDHO0DVFDJQL

0RGHOLQJ)LUVW3DVVDJH%URZQLDQ0RWLRQXVLQJ:DONRQ6SKHUHV0HWKRG

%URZQLDQPRWLRQ%0LVD:LHQHURUVWRFKDVWLFSURFHVVWKDWFDQEHXVHGWRVROYHSDUWLDOGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQV3'(V%0SHUYDGHVDPXOWLWXGHRIGLVFLSOLQHVDQGQDWXUDOSKHQRPHQDPRVWIDPRXVO\WKHUDQGRPPRYHPHQWRISDUWLFOHVLQDIOXLG7KH:DONRQ6SKHUHV:26DOJRULWKPLVD0RQWH&DUORPHWKRGWKDWSURYLGHVDJRRGDSSUR[LPDWHVROXWLRQWR3'(VZLWKERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQVDQGXVHVILUVWSDVVDJHKLWWLQJORFDWLRQVRI%0WRIRUPLWVUDQGRPHVWLPDWHV:26JHQHUDWHVD%0¶VWUDMHFWRU\E\OHWWLQJ%0VWDUWLQJDWDVSKHUH
VFHQWHUKLWWKHVXUIDFHXQLIRUPO\7KXVRQHFDQFUHDWHDVHTXHQFHRIVSKHUHVXQWLO

WKH\KLWWKHFRPSOLFDWHGERXQGDU\RIWKHUHJLRQZLWKLQDVSHFLILHGİ,QWKHKDOIVSDFHWKHERXQGDU\LVWKH[\SODQHDQG:26UHGXFHVWRDVLPSOHGLPHQVLRQDOUDQGRPSURFHVVLQWKHUHPDLQLQJFRRUGLQDWH8VLQJWKLVVLPSOLILHGSURFHVVWRREVHUYHWKHQXPEHURIVWHSV1LQ:26ZHILQGLWILWVWKHQHJDWLYHELQRPLDOGLVWULEXWLRQZHOO$VDQWLFLSDWHGWKHPHDQRI1LVORJOLQHDUO\UHODWHGWRİ7KH1,67=(12FRGHFRPSXWHVPDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVXVLQJ:26:HXVH=(12WRSHUIRUP:26RQYDULRXVPROHFXODUVWUXFWXUHV,QWKHVHPRUHFRPSOLFDWHGFDVHVWKHEHKDYLRURI1LVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKDWRIRXUVLPSOLILHGGLPHQVLRQDOPRGHO)RUWKHPDMRULW\RIPROHFXODUJHRPHWULHVHYHQWKRVHTXLWHGLIIHUHQWIURPRQHDQRWKHUWKHQXPEHURIVWHSVWRUHDFKWKHPROHFXOHDOVRDSSHDUVWREHQHJDWLYHELQRPLDOO\GLVWULEXWHGDQGWKHPHDQRI1SURGXFHVWKHVDPHİUHODWLRQVKLS&RQVLGHULQJ%0FORVHHQRXJKWRDFRPSOLFDWHGERXQGDU\VXFKWKDWWKHERXQGDU\DSSHDUVSODQDULWPDNHVVHQVHIRUWKHVLPSOHPRGHOWRFDSWXUHPXFKRIWKHEHKDYLRUREVHUYHG:HFRQFOXGHWKDWILUVWSDVVDJHORFDWLRQVRI%0DUHGLVWULEXWHGVLPLODUO\WRWKHQHJDWLYHELQRPLDOGLVWULEXWLRQDQGWKDWRXUVLPSOHVHWXSLVDJRRGPRGHORIILUVWSDVVDJHORFDWLRQVRI%0

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6K\DHU3DUYH]

8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD%HUNHOH\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

3ODQWRKDYHFDUHHULQ&6$,DQGSRWHQWLDOO\REWDLQDQ0%$ZKLOHZRUNLQJ

,7/6RIWZDUHDQG6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ

'U5DP6ULUDP

5HYDPSLQJ+HDOWK&DUH7KURXJK5XOH%DVHG([SHUW$,6\VWHPV

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
VVLWXDWLRQDQGWKHQHYDOXDWHZKDWVRUWRIWUHDWPHQWLVOHJLWLPDWHDQGZKDWNLQGRIFRYHUDJHWKHSDWLHQWLVHQWLWOHGWRIURPWKHLQVXUDQFHFRPSDQ\:KLOHSULRUDXWKRUL]DWLRQKDVLWVEHQHILWVLWKDVUHFHLYHGFULWLFLVPIURPGRFWRUVIRUEHLQJH[SHQVLYHDQGWLPHFRQVXPLQJ8VLQJDUXOHEDVHGRUNQRZOHGJHEDVHGH[SHUWV\VWHP.%(6WKLVSURFHVVFRXOGSRWHQWLDOO\EHVWUHDPOLQHGWRDXWRPDWLFDOO\YDOLGDWHDSDWLHQW
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
VWLPH

2019 SURF Colloquium 50
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6\GQH\3XJK

/R\ROD8QLYHUVLW\0DU\ODQG 0DWKHPDWLFV	&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

,ZLOOEHSXUVXLQJD3K'LQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI3HQQV\OYDQLD

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ6HFXULW\&RPSRQHQWVDQG0HFKDQLVPV*URXS

5LFKDUG.XKQ065DXQDN5DJKX.DFNHU

'HYHORSLQJ(IIHFWLYH7HVW6WUDWHJLHVIRU&U\SWRJUDSKLF$OJRULWKP,PSOHPHQWDWLRQV

&U\SWRJUDSKLFDOJRULWKPVDUHHVVHQWLDOIRUVHFXULQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQRYHUDQ\QHWZRUN7KH\DUHFRPSOH[DQGGHQVHZLWKELWPDQLSXODWLRQVDQGFRQGLWLRQSUHGLFDWHV7UDGLWLRQDOWHVWVWUDWHJLHVVXFKDVVRXUFHFRGHSDWKFRYHUDJHDUHJHQHUDOO\LQHIIHFWLYH0RUHRYHUFU\SWRJUDSKLFDOJRULWKPVPD\EHFODVVLILHGDV3QRQWHVWDEOH ́SURJUDPVEHFDXVHLWLVLPSUDFWLFDORURWKHUZLVHLPSRVVLEOHWRJHQHUDWHDWHVWRUDFOHLHDIXQFWLRQWKDWJLYHQDVHWRILQSXWVSURYLGHVFRUUHVSRQGLQJFRUUHFWRXWSXWVWRYHULI\WKDWWKHDOJRULWKP
VLPSOHPHQWDWLRQIXQFWLRQVSURSHUO\7RJHWKHUWKHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVPDNHLWYHU\GLIILFXOWWRHIIHFWLYHO\WHVWDQGILQGEXJVLQFU\SWRJUDSKLFDOJRULWKPLPSOHPHQWDWLRQV5HFHQWUHVHDUFKKDVDSSOLHGQHZWHVWLQJVWUDWHJLHVWRFU\SWRJUDSKLFKDVKIXQFWLRQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVVXEPLWWHGWR1,67¶V6HFXUH+DVK$OJRULWKP6+$&RPSHWLWLRQDQGSXEOLFNH\FU\SWRJUDSKLFIXQFWLRQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVVXEPLWWHGWR1,67¶V3RVW4XDQWXP&U\SWRJUDSK\34&6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ3URFHVV7KHWHVWVZHUHGHVLJQHGIURPPHWDPRUSKLFUHODWLRQVWKDWZHUHEDVHGRQWKHVSHFLILFDWLRQVRIWKHDOJRULWKPV6HYHUDOEXJVZHUHGLVFRYHUHGLQWKHVHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVXVLQJWKHVHPHWDPRUSKLFWHVWV,QWKLVUHVHDUFKZHWXUQWR1,67¶V/LJKWZHLJKW&U\SWRJUDSK\/:&6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ3URFHVVZKLFKDLPVWRGHYHORSQHZSXEOLFNH\FU\SWRJUDSK\DOJRULWKPVWKDWDUHRSWLPDOIRUGHYLFHVZLWKFRQVWUDLQHGUHVRXUFHVHJ5),'WDJVDQG,R7GHYLFHVIRUVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ6SHFLILFDOO\WKH/:&3URFHVVVROLFLWHGDXWKHQWLFDWHGHQFU\SWLRQZLWKDVVRFLDWHGGDWD$($'DQGKDVKDOJRULWKPV:HDSSOLHGVLPLODUWHVWLQJVWUDWHJ\WRWKRVHDSSOLHGWR6+$DQG34&PHQWLRQHGDERYH)XUWKHUPRUHZHGHYHORSHGQHZWHVWVPRWLYDWHGE\WKH/:&VXEPLVVLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVLPSRVHGE\1,672XUWHVWVWUDWHJ\RIIHUVDQHIIHFWLYHZD\WRWHVWFU\SWRJUDSKLFDOJRULWKPLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVDQGFDWFKSRWHQWLDOEXJVEHIRUHWKH\DUHGHSOR\HG

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DVRQ5KRGHV

&UHLJKWRQ8QLYHUVLW\ 3K\VLFVDQG0DWKHPDWLFV

6HQLRU

3XUVXHD3K'LQSK\VLFVVSHFLDOL]LQJLQTXDQWXPFRPSXWLQJ

,7/$GYDQFHG1HWZRUN7HFKQRORJLHV'LYLVLRQ(PHUJLQJ1HWZRUN7HFKQRORJLHV

/RWIL%HQPRKDPHG

'\QDPLF&DFKH0DQDJHPHQWZLWK1HWZRUN:LGH&DSDFLW\&RQVWUDLQW

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
VHUURU7KHVHVLPXODWLRQVZHUHWHVWHGRYHUVHYHUDOQHWZRUNWRSRORJLHVXVLQJYDULRXVIUHHSDUDPHWHUVWRGHYHORSDFRPSUHKHQVLYHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKLVV\VWHPDQGWKH\LQGLFDWHVLJQLILFDQWLPSURYHPHQWRYHUSULRUFDFKHDOORFDWLRQDOJRULWKPVDVH[SHFWHG

2019 SURF Colloquium 51


#$# $$

	ʹ







("##$#( 	!(
#+
#)͚ϭ-,($#$!"+
*!!,(

!#!&'%"'!$(

"!%"!(#("#!#(

&DOHE5REHUWVRQ

/LEHUW\8QLYHUVLW\ 8QPDQQHG$HULDO6\VWHPV

6RSKPRUH

,SODQWRFRQWLQXHGHYHORSLQJP\VNLOOVDWOLEHUW\8QLYHUVLW\ZKLOHEXLOGLQJDFDUHHUDW1,67

5RERWLF7HVW)DFLOLW\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ6HFXULW\&RPSRQHQWV	0HFKDQLVP

-HII9RDV

$QDO\VLVRIWKH&XUUHQW6HFXULW\,QIDVWUXFWXUH3DUWDLQLQJWR6PDOO8QPDQQHG$HULDO6\

:LWKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVPDOO8QPDQQHG$HULDO6\VWHPVDURXQGWKHJOREHWKHQHHGWRGHFOXWWHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQEDQGZLGWKVDQGVHFXUHWUDQVPLVVLRQVKDVEHFRPHSDUDPRXQW7KHPHWKRGVXVHGWRVWXG\WKLVSUREOHPDUHDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHFXUUHQWV8$6LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGFDSDELOLWLHVUHJXODWLRQVDQGUHVWULFWLRQVSHUWDLQLQJWRXVDEOHIUHTXHQF\UDQJHVDQGWKHVHFXULW\RIGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQDQGFRPPDQGVWRWKHV8$67KHUHVXOWVIRXQGE\WKLVVWXG\VKRZWKDWV8$6LQIUDVWUXFWXUHIRUVDIHDQGVHFXUHRSHUDWLRQVLVVRUHO\ODFNLQJWKDWIUHTXHQF\FOXWWHULVDFDXVHRIV8$6DFFLGHQWVLQYROYLQJGDPDJHWRSURSHUW\RUORVVRIOLIHDQGWKDWVLPSOHHQFU\SWLRQDOJRULWKPVGUDVWLFDOO\UHGXFHWKHFDSDELOLW\RIXQDXWKRUL]HGXVHUVIURPOLVWHQLQJLQWRWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHJURXQGVWDWLRQDQGWKHV8$6:LWKWKHDLUVSDFHVXUURXQGLQJFLWLHVDQGKRPHVLVEHFRPLQJPRUHFURZGHGHDFKGD\V8$6EDQGZLGWKUHVWULFWLRQVVKRXOGFRQWLQXHWREHXSGDWHGWRPHHWWKHQHHGVRIWKHPDUNHW7KLVZLOOIRVWHUWKHJURZWKRIWKHV8$6LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDVWKHPDUNHWFUHDWHVDKLJKHUGHPDQGRQWKHV\VWHP%\FUHDWLQJV8$6LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWRVXSSRUWXVDEOHIUHTXHQF\H[SDQVLRQWKHVHFXULW\DQGVDIHW\RIV8$6ZLOOEHLQWKHJUDVSRIWKHPDUNHWZLWKLQWKHQH[WIHZGHFDGHV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7HPXU6DLGNKRGMDHY

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

&DUHHULQ6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJRU&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ6HFXUH6\VWHPVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV*URXS-HIIUH\9RDV5LFKDUG.XKQ

9HULILHG7LPHVWDPSLQJ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 52
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XVWLQ6OXG

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG 0DWKDQG(FRQRPLFV

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQWKHWHFKLQGXVWU\

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\$SSOLHGDQG&RPSXWDWLRQDO0DWKHPDWLFV'LYLVLRQ

6DQIRUG5HVVOHU

7RZDUGV,QWHJUDWLQJ9LUWXDO5HDOLW\ZLWK1,67
V'LJLWDO/LEUDU\RI0DWK)XQFWLRQV

$FFRUGLQJWRWKHLUZHEVLWH1,67¶V'LJLWDO/LEUDU\RI0DWKHPDWLFDO)XQFWLRQV'/0)LVDQRSHQRQOLQHUHVRXUFHFUHDWHGWREHDGLJLWDOYHUVLRQRIWKHLUKDQGERRNDQ3LQYDOXDEOHUHIHUHQFHIRUWKHPDQ\VFLHQWLVWVDQGHQJLQHHUVZKRXVHVSHFLDOIXQFWLRQVRIDSSOLHGPDWKHPDWLFVLQWKHLUGD\WRGD\ZRUN ́8VLQJD-DYD6FULSWOLEUDU\FDOOHG$)UDPHZHWRRNWKH'/0)¶V'VXUIDFHVRIFRPSOH[HTXDWLRQVDQGFUHDWHGLQWHUDFWLYLW\ZLWKLQDZHEEDVHGYLUWXDOUHDOLW\HQYLURQPHQWZKLFKFDQEHYLHZHGRQDQ\EURZVHUZLWKRXWWKHQHHGWRGRZQORDGVSHFLDOVRIWZDUH3UHYLRXVZRUNIURP1,67VWDIIDQGLQWHUQVHQDEOHGXVWRYLVXDOL]HWKHPRGHOVDQGQRZXVHUVFDQSDQDURXQGQDYLJDWHPHQXVDQGPDQLSXODWHREMHFWVPXFKOLNHLQDYLGHRJDPH,IWKHXVHUKDVDFFHVVWRD

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&DPHURQ6PLWK

$SSOLHG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHU

,7/6RIWZDUHDQG6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ6\VWHPV,QWHURSHUDELOLW\*URXS

-RKQ*DUJXLOR

&UHDWLQJDVRIWZDUHFOLHQWWRVKRZFRQIRUPDQFHRIKHDOWKFDUHLQIR+/Y6WDQGDUG

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́IRUWKH&OLHQW,GHQWLI\HUURUVZLWKLQLQWKHGHYHORSHG&SURJUDPDQGGLVSOD\WRXVHU5HVXOW*RDO7RGHYHORSDQGFRGHD1,67&:HE6HUYLFH&OLHQW3URJUDPWKDWFDQYDOLGDWH+/Y0HVVDJHVLQSXWE\WKHXVHU7KLV&FOLHQWKDVWKHFDSDELOLW\IRUDXVHUWRRSHQDILOHGLDORJDQGLQSXWWKHLUILOHVUHTXLUHGIRUWKH1,67YDOLGDWH:LWK5HVRXUFHVPHWKRG7KHFUHDWHGFOLHQWSDUVHVWKHXVHULQSXWSURILOHWRREWDLQWKH30HVVDJH,' ́WRXVHIRUWKHPHWKRG7KHSURJUDPUHWXUQVDUHSRUWWRWKHXVHUZKLFKWKH\FDQVDYHWR

2019 SURF Colloquium 53
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

3HWHU6WHLQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6RSKRPRUH

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQWKHWHFKLQGXVWU\DIWHUHDUQLQJDPDVWHU¶VLQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH

,7/$&0'+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH&RPSXWLQJDQG9LVXDOL]DWLRQ*URXS

6WHYHQ6DWWHUILHOG

'HYHORSLQJD&RPPRQ&$9(DQG:HE%DVHG9LUWXDO5HDOLW\0HQX6\VWHP

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+HQRN7DVLVVD

8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH'LVWULFWRI&ROXPELD &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

,SODQWRDWWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRRODQGZRUNLQELJWHFKQRORJ\FRPSDQLHV

,7/6RIWZDUHDQG6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP*URXS

7LPRWK\%ODWWQHU

+HGJHKRJ*HQHUDWRU7RROXVHGWRJHQHUDWHERLOHUSODWHFRGH

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 54
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ 'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚ ρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗EĂ&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

ŵĞ͗

ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d >ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^d ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚů Ĩ d ůŬ

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽ

E/^d ʹ 'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚ ρͲε͕ ϮϬϭε

DĂũŽƌ͗

ƋƵŝƵŵ

D

dŝƚůĞ ŽĨ dĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5LFKDUG:LOOLDPV-U

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ0XVLF

8QGHUJUDGXDWH6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRROLQ&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHRUDUHODWHGILHOG

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ&U\SWRJUDSKLF7HFKQRORJ\*URXS

'U.HUU\0F.D\

7KH(IIHFWRI'LIIHUHQW%LDV(VWLPDWLRQ0HWKRGVRQ/LQHDU&U\SWDQDO\VLV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 55
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-HVVH=KX

&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHU

,7/6RIWZDUHDQG6\VWHPV'LYLVLRQ&\EHU,QIUDVWUXFWXUH*URXS

'U5DP6ULUDP'U(VZDUDQ6XEUDKPDQLDQ'U7DODSDG\%KDW0U-DFRE&ROODUG

8VHULQWHUIDFHGHYHORSPHQWIRU5RRWDQGUXOH5	5EDVHGV\VWHPIRUFXUDWLQJLQGH[LQJDQGVHDUFKLQJGRFXPHQWV

5	5URRWDQGUXOHLVDGRPDLQLQGHSHQGHQWWHUPLQRORJ\JHQHUDWLRQPHWKRGLQZKLFKPHDQLQJIXOSKUDVHVDUHH[WUDFWHGDQGVWDQGDUGL]HGLQWRWHUPVWKURXJKOLQJXLVWLFWHFKQLTXHVIRUDVSHFLILFGRPDLQ3DUPHQLGHVLVWKHOLEUDU\WKDWH[HFXWHVWKH5	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±SSWR

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

.HYLQ=RQJ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

)LQLVKLQJXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGLHVDQGSXUVXLQJDFDUHHULQVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJ

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\$SSOLHGDQG&RPSXWDWLRQDO0DWKHPDWLFV'LYLVLRQ&RPSXWLQJDQG

2OLYHU6ODWWHU\$EGHOOD%DWWRX/LMXQ0D

1HWZRUN0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP7RZDUGVWKH3ODWIRUPIRU4XDQWXP1HWZRUN,QQRYDWLRQ

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
VHDV\WRXVHLQWHUIDFH/RRNLQJWRZDUGVWKHIXWXUHDVGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH341,DGYDQFHVZHZLOODSSO\WKLVQHWZRUNPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPWRDFWLYHO\PDQDJHWKH341,

2019 SURF Colloquium 56
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

.HYLQ=RQJ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

2EWDLQLQJD3RVW*UDGXDWH'HJUHH

,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\&RPSXWHU6HFXULW\'LYLVLRQ

*DYLQ2
%ULHQ	0LFKDHO1LHOHV

19'&3(VDQG&9(V0DLQWDLQLQJD6HDUFKDEOH9XOQHUDELOLW\'DWDEDVH

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 57
2019 SURF Colloquium 58
First Name Last Name

Nina Agrawal

Thomas Bina

Huilang Chen

Julia Colon-Martinez

Julia Danischewski

Nicholas D'Antona

Caitlin Darling

Ava Farahbakhsh Darabi

Eli Fastow

Ethan Finlay

Nathan Gill

Darnell Harris

Jacob Hechter

Chad Hite

Allison Horenberg

Klara Keim

Eleanor Kelman

Jinsung Lee

Siminben Manasiya

Joelle Marchiani

Oriana Ovide

Rajashow Parajuli

Samuel Philliber

Joshua Price

Adam Robinson

Katrina Rupert

Usmaan Siddiqui

Ryan Smith

Noah Smith

Lu Song

Jonah Tash

Winnie Tran

Nidhi Vantair

Yuke Wang

Gamitha Wijekoon

Fjorela Xhyliu

Julie Yagodich

MML SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 59
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LQD$JUDZDO

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRRORUZRUNIRUFH

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DE&RPSXWDWLRQDO0DWHULDOV6FLHQFH

-DFN'RXJODV

&KDUDFWHUL]LQJWKH&RRSHUDWLYH0RWLRQLQ&RQGHQVHG)OXLGVXVLQJ0DFKLQH/HDUQLQJ

:LWKLQWKHVFLHQWLILFFRPPXQLW\LWKDVEHHQZLGHO\GHEDWHGDVWRZK\WKHUHOD[DWLRQWLPHRUYLVFRVLW\LQFUHDVHVDVJODVVIRUPLQJSRO\PHUVDUHFRROHG+RZHYHULWKDVEHHQREVHUYHGWKDWDVWKHPDWHULDOLV

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

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

Name: Thomas Bina Academic Institution: Pennsylvania State University Major: Materials Science & Engineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): SeniorFuture Plans: Graduate SchoolNIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: Materials Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division NIST Research Advisor: June Lau & Gretchen GreeneTitle of Talk: Development of the Microscopy Laboratory Information Management System Abstract: The NIST Electron Microscopy Nexus coordinates a suite of 10 microscopes that facilitate materials science research. Currently, the significant amount of data generated by this facility often reaches a dead end on local storage due to the absence of a proper system designed to manage this data, which effectively becomes irrecoverable over time. To improve upon and replace this system, we are developing a data management system designed to effectively manage the data generated by the Electron Microscopy Nexus, enabling data-driven materials research and discovery in the long-term. For a given microscopy session, there is a wealth of data generated beyond captured images; session notes, sample information, subsequent analysis, etc. contribute to a holistic understanding of an experiment. However, manually collecting relevant data is difficult and time-consuming. Fortunately, this information may be digitally accessed. Thus, we can programmatically mine this data to build a complete record of a microscopy session in such a way that follows FAIR data principles: findable, accessible, interoperable, and reproducible. (1) This includes bringing metadata generated by the microscope itself together with information from outside sources including electronic lab notebooks and online scheduling calendars.To develop this repository of electron microscopy data, relevant data itself is captured and parsed from each distinct source to be fit into a well-developed XML schema. Via this schema, we populate XML files with the captured information. Using the NIST Configurable Data Curation System (2) as the base platform, we created and 

host a web directory of the pertinent data and metadata from each microscopy session, allowing for ease of both 

search and display. In doing so, electron microscopy data and metadata become more accessible, and thereby we enable more effective material discovery. This system's eventual deployment has farther reaching applications; we hope that machine learning applications will take advantage of the ease of access afforded by this system for further data-driven materials discovery. 

1. Wilkinson, Mark D., et al. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data, vol. 3, no. 1, 2016, 

doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.18. 

2. CDCS, NIST Information Technology Lab, mdcs.nist.gov/.

2019 SURF Colloquium 60
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+XLODQJ&KHQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJGLYLVLRQ3RO\PH

/HH5LFKWHU$KPDG.LUPDQL

%ODGHFRDWHG,Q2=Q2ELOD\HUKHWHURVWUXFWXUHV

0HWDOR[LGHVHPLFRQGXFWRUVKDYHEHHQDFWLYHO\H[SORUHGIRUORZFRVWWUDQVSDUHQWIOH[LEOHHOHFWURQLFVRZLQJWRWKHLUH[FHOOHQWFKDUJHWUDQVSRUWFRPSDUHGWRDPRUSKRXV6L7KHDPRUSKRXVWHUQDU\DOOR\,Q*D=Q2KDVUHFHLYHGFRQVLGHUDEOHFRPPHUFLDOLQWHUHVWEXWUHTXLUHVSODVPDGHSRVLWLRQDQGKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHDQQHDOLQJ7KLVKDVOHGWRUHVHDUFKLQORZWHPSHUDWXUHVROXWLRQSURFHVVLQJ7KHVLPSOHU

ELQDU\FRPSRXQG,QGLXPR[LGH,Q2UHSUHVHQWVDQLQWHUHVWLQJWHVWFDVHDVLWFDQEHWKHUPDOO\SURFHVVHGWRIRUPHLWKHUDPRUSKRXVDRUQDQRFU\VWDOOLQH[ILOPVDOORZLQJRQHWRH[SORUHWKHUROHRIVWUXFWXUHLQGHYLFHSHUIRUPDQFH,QWKLVVWXG\ZHH[SORUHVFDODEOHIDEULFDWLRQRI,Q2WKLQILOPWUDQVLVWRUV7)7VXVLQJDVROJHOV\QWKHVLVURXWHDQGEODGHFRDWLQJ2SWLPL]DWLRQRIILOPWKLFNQHVVOHDGVWRLPSURYHGWKUHVKROGYROWDJHVDQGHOHFWURQPRELOLWLHVRIaFP9VLQHQKDQFHPHQWPRGHIRUERWKDDQG[ILOPV&RPPHUFLDODSSOLFDWLRQVGHPDQGPRELOLWLHV!FP9V,WKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGWKDW,Q2=Q2ELOD\HUVWUXFWXUHVFDQOHDGWRLPSURYHGPRELOLWLHVDWWULEXWHGWRWKHIRUPDWLRQRIDFRQILQHG'HOHFWURQJDV:HDUHH[SORULQJEODGHFRDWHG,Q2=Q2ELOD\HUKHWHURVWUXFWXUHVLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHUROHRIWKHXQGHUO\LQJ,Q2VWUXFWXUHLQWKHELOD\HUSHUIRUPDQFH:HILQGWKDWWKHQDQRFU\VWDOOLQHQDWXUHRIWKH,Q2OD\HUDFKLHYHGDWKLJKHUDQQHDOLQJWHPSHUDWXUHV&LVFUXFLDOWRDFKLHYLQJKLJKaFP9V'HYLFHVPDGHIROORZLQJWKHHVWDEOLVKHGRSWLPL]HGFRDWLQJFRQGLWLRQVZLOOHQDEOHGHWDLOHGHOHFWULFDOPHDVXUHPHQWVWRSUREHWKHUROHRIHOHFWURQFRQILQHPHQWLQWKHLPSURYHGSHUIRUPDQFH

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XOLH&ROyQ0DUWtQH]

8QLYHUVLW\RI3XHUWR5LFR0D\DJH] &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

3XUVXHJUDGXDWHVWXGLHVLQ1DQRWHFKQRORJ\

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQWV/DE&KHPLFDO6FLHQFHV'LYLVLRQ&KHPLFDO6FLHQFHV'LYLVLRQ+4*URXS

+XRQJ*LDQJ1JX\HQ

6HOHFWLYLW\3UHGLFWLRQRQ%LQDU\*DV$GVRUSWLRQRI&21RQ=HROLWH5HIHUHQFH0DWHULDOV

2XUZRUOGLVFXUUHQWO\IDFLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOFKDOOHQJHVVXFKDVFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGDLUSROOXWLRQGXHWRH[FHVVLYHHPLVVLRQVRIJDVHVOLNH&2DQG12[7KLVXUJHVWKHH[SORUDWLRQRIEHWWHUHQHUJ\VRXUFHVWKDWGRQRWLQYROYHIRVVLOIXHOV$GVRUSWLRQHVSHFLDOO\SK\VLFDODGVRUSWLRQLVVHHQDVDFOHDQHUDQGOHVVHQHUJ\FRQVXPLQJVHSDUDWLRQPHFKDQLVPWRVROYHRXUDOWHUQDWLYHVRXUFHVRIHQHUJ\FULVLVRUDVDQHPLVVLRQVPLWLJDWLRQWRROLQRXUIRVVLOIXHOVLQGXVWU\VLQFHVRPHRIWKHDOWHUQDWLYHHQHUJ\VRXUFHVFXUUHQWO\LQYHVWLJDWHGDUHQRWGHYHORSHGHQRXJKWRPHHWRXUHQHUJ\GHPDQG,QWKLVSUHVHQWZRUNWKHVHOHFWLYLW\RI&2DQG1DWKLJKSUHVVXUHLVEHLQJSUHGLFWHGRQ1,67]HROLWHUHIHUHQFHPDWHULDOV50$PPRQLXP=06DQG50=HROLWH<LQRUGHUWRREWDLQELQDU\DGVRUSWLRQLVRWKHUPVDW&DQG&7KLVLVGRQHE\HYDOXDWLQJWKHKLJKSUHVVXUHSXUHDGVRUSWLRQHTXLOLEULDRI&2DQG1RQDJUDYLPHWULFLQVWUXPHQWDQGDPDQRPHWULFLQVWUXPHQWZLWKERWKPHQWLRQHG]HROLWHV'DWDREWDLQHGIURPWKHGLIIHUHQWDGVRUSWLRQHTXLSPHQWZLOOEHFRPSDUHGWRHQVXUHWKHDFFXUDF\RIWKHGDWD%LQDU\&21DGVRUSWLRQHTXLOLEULDZLOOEHSUHGLFWHGXVLQJWKHLGHDODGVRUEHGVROXWLRQWKHRU\7KHSRUHVWUXFWXUHVRIWKHUHIHUHQFHPDWHULDOVDQGLQWHUPROHFXODUIRUFHVEHWZHHQWKHJDVHVDQGWKHPDWHULDOVDUHJRLQJWREHDQDO\]HGWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHVHOHFWLYLW\UHVXOWV,WLVH[SHFWHGIRU&2WREHWKHPRUHDGVRUEHGJDVLQWKHPL[WXUHGXHWRLWVLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKWKHPDWHULDO¶VVXUIDFHPRVWO\IRU50

2019 SURF Colloquium 61
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XOLD'DQLVFKHZVNL

6NLGPRUH&ROOHJH &KHPLVWU\*HUPDQ

-XQLRU

$WWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRRODQGSXUVXHD3K'

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ3RO\P

1LFKRODV3RVH\

)LQGLQJWKH%LQGLQJ6\QWKHVLVDQG'\QDPLF/LJKW6FDWWHULQJ$QDO\VLVRI3RO\HOHFWURO

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LFN'
$QWRQD

6W0DU\
V&ROOHJHRI0DU\ODQG &KHPLVWU\DQG3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

3K'LQFKHPLVWU\DQGKRSHIXOO\UHVHDUFKLQUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\VWRUDJH

00/06('3RO\PHUV3URFHVVLQJJURXS

/HH5LFKWHU

$QDO\VLVRIHOHFWURFKHPLFDOO\GRSHGSRO\PHUWKLQILOPVYLDLQVLWXHOOLSVRPHWU\

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İDQGVZHOOLQJIURPFKDQJHVLQILOPWKLFNQHVV,QSUDFWLFHFRUUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQİDQGWKLFNQHVVFDQFRQIRXQGWKHPHDVXUHPHQW:HDUHH[SORULQJGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQDQGUHGXFWLRQDSSURDFKHVFRPELQLQJ6(DQGHOHFWURFKHPLVWU\(&WRDOORZDFRPSOHWHFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIWKHPDWHULDOV8VLQJ6(DQG(&ZHFDQFRPSDUHWKHHIIHFWRIGLIIHUHQWHOHFWURO\WHVRQILOPVZHOOLQJ1DPHO\ZHFRPSDUH.&OWR.3)DNRVPRWURSLFLRQZLWKODUJHK\GUDWLRQVSKHUHDQGFKDRWURSLFLRQZLWKDVPDOOK\GUDWLRQVSKHUHUHVSHFWLYHO\:HLQYHVWLJDWHWKLVVZHOOLQJHIIHFWLQILOPVSURFHVVHGWRYDU\LQJGHJUHHVRISRO\PHURUGHU

2019 SURF Colloquium 62
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$YD)DUDKEDNKVK'DUDEL

0RQWJRPHU\&ROOHJH %LRORJ\

-XQLRU

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG6FKRRORI'HQWLVWU\

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'HYLVLRQ3RO\

P

7KRPDV0RIIDW1LFROH5LW]HUW

'HYHORSLQJ2UDO6HQVRUV%DVHGRQ*OXFRVHDQGS+/HYHOV

'HQWDOFDULHVSHULRGRQWDOGLVHDVHDQGGLDEHWHVDUHH[DPSOHRIGLVHDVHVWKDWFDQFDXVHVHULRXVSUREOHPV

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

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Caitlin Darling Academic Institution: Clemson University Major: Biological Sciences Academic Standing Senior (Sept. ‘19): Future Plans (School/Career): Continue studies in graduate school NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Biomolecular Structure and Function Group NIST Research Advisor: Ella Mihailescu Title of Talk: The role of Copper and Nickel in lipid oxidation relevant for antimicrobial actionAbstract: 

As essential trace elements, copper (Cu(II)) and nickel (Ni(II)) are necessary to the well-being of all living organisms. Because the body only requires minimal amounts of these elements, their intracellular transport is tightly regulated. Excess concentrations of these metals have been shown to negatively impact cellular health through several mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation. Copper and nickel are very active oxidizing agents resulting in the oxidation of the phospholipid cellular membrane when exposed to higher concentrations of the transitional metals. These oxidation events lead to the dissolution of membrane integrity and increased cellular mortality. This effect is amplified when copper and nickel ions bind to specific antimicrobial peptides with amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding (ATCUN) motifs. 

The destruction of cellular membranes by free copper and nickel ions as well as ions bound to peptides give these trace metals antimicrobial properties that are not yet well understood. 

In this project, we analyzed the structural changes in phospholipid bilayers in response to exposure to copper and nickel in varying concentrations. In addition to the presence and amount of copper or nickel, we also used several different types of phospholipids which varied in charge and degree of saturation. Using X-ray diffraction, we investigated any structural disturbances indicated by peak splitting and phase 

shifting. We employed neutron reflectometry to determine similar characteristics. Additionally, we used spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry to measure occurrence and rates of oxidation. Finally, we used microscopy to measure the cytotoxic effects of copper and nickel ions as well as antimicrobial peptides that can bind these ions in live eukaryotic cells.

2019 SURF Colloquium 63
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD August 

5-9, 2019

Name: Eli Fastow Academic Institution: The University of Maryland College Park Major: Material Science and Engineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): Senior (fourth year) Future Plans (School/Career): Doctorate in material science NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: Materials Measurement Lab, Material Science and Engineering Division, Functional Polymers GroupNIST Research Advisor: Dr. Vladimir Oleshko and Professor John Cumings (University of Maryland and NIST) Title of Talk: Cross-comparison and Validation of Complementary Analytical Methods to Detect Lithium Abstract: The lightest metal, lithium (Li) constitutes a key elemental component in a number of emerging technologies, including batteries, medicine, and enhanced engineering alloys. Accurately characterizing Li is therefore of great importance. However, until recently, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometers did not have 

the sensitivity required to detect the low intensity signal produced by the Li K X-ray photons. The advent of high 

counting rate high speed windowless silicon drift (SDD) EDX detectors within the past decade allowed for the detection of Li, though it remains a significant challenge. In this study we compare several analytical techniques for 

the detection of Li to improve interpretation of results and identify the Li detection limits. We used windowless SDD 

EDX in a dual beam scanning electron microscope (SEM)/focused ion beam (FIB) and a scanning transmission 

electron microscope (STEM)-electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS) to measure Li in a reference material, aluminum 20 wt% lithium (AlLi) alloy powder. The AlLi alloy was prepared for analysis of its microstructure, morphology, and composition in a glove box and transferred to the STEM in a hermetic sample holder to prevent oxidation. High resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and STEM/EELS spectroscopic 

imaging (SI) confirmed the dominant β-AlLi phase (NaTl-type, space group Fd3m) and the relative uniformity of Li 

distributions in the alloy. SAED and STEM/EELS-SI indicated a phase separation in the alloy, with the formation of 

lithium and aluminum oxide and low-Li content Al-Li intermetallic phases. Analysis of Li in the alloy with EELS and 

corresponding simulated spectra allowed us to quantify the Al:Li ratios. We analyzed the AlLi alloy with a 

windowless SDD EDX and corresponding simulations to qualitatively detect Li. We experimentally estimated the concentration detection limit of Li in AlLi via windowless SDD EDX on the order of .1 at% and via EELS on the order of 

.01 at%. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(WKDQ)LQOD\

$SSDODFKLDQ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ 3K\VLFVDQG&KHPLVWU\

3K'6WXGHQW

2EWDLQD3K'LQ2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\DW&RORUDGR6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ3RO\

-LUXQ6XQ;LDRKRQJ:DQJ

$SSURDFKHVWR0LQLPL]H3RO\PHUL]DWLRQ6WUHVVLQ'HQWDO5HVLQ&RPSRVLWHV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 64
SURF Student Colloquium

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

Name: : Nathan Gill 

Academic Institution: Gordon College Major: : BiochemistryAcademic Standing(Sept. ‘19): SeniorFuture Plans(School/Career): Graduate SchoolNIST Laboratory,Division, and Group: MML Biomolecular Measurement DivisionNIST ResearchAdvisor: Dr. Jennifer Tullman and Dr. Christina Bergonzo

Title of Talk: Understanding ClpS N-Terminal specificity through combined simulation and experiment 

Abstract:

 ClpS, a small (13 kDa) protein found in bacteria degradation pathways, recognizes specific N-terminal amino acids and delivers the recognized peptide to a protease complex. Due to its binding specificity based on amino acid type and location in the ligand, ClpS represents a novel reagent for protein identification that is currently being pursued by NIST for its use in proteome sequencing. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with experimental research, we sought to better understand the association of N-terminal tyrosine residues to the binding pocket of ClpS mutants. To do this we used MD software to simulate the molecular movements and interactions of protein-ligand residues over the course of a micro second. Complementing this computational examination we produced and isolated ClpS mutant proteins in the lab, and measured their binding to N-terminal residues. From this computational and empirical data, we were able to better understand what factors contribute to the ClpS tyrosine binding and theorize about methods to further enhance specificity. If these methods are successful in increasing ClpS specificity for tyrosine, it may be used as a relatively fast and inexpensive reagent for high throughput protein sequencing.

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

Name:Academic Institution: Major:Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): Future Plans (School/Career): NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: NIST Research Advisor: Title of Talk: Abstract: 

Darnell Harris

Ithaca College Biochemistry

Graduated

Univerisity of Maryland Biochemistry Graduate Program

Thomas Cleveland

Design and Production of Viral Scaffolds for Cryo-EM

Cryo-EM is a powerful tool for determining the structures of large macromolecules such as proteins or protein complexes. The main advantage of cryo-EM is that it does not require the sample to be in an ordered arrangement for structural determination, which is ideal for particles that are difficult to crystalize, for example. This is done by aligning and averaging individual particles computationally to achieve the necessary contrast and resolution. However, this process is usually limited to large particles (>100 kDa) since images of small particles do not contain enough information for computational alignment. This project aims to investigate a way to increase small molecule imaging resolution by designing a large viral scaffold that can bind to a small molecule in a specific way. This binding would then provide reliable data about the molecule's structure in reference to the viral scaffold. A truncated version of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 protein, "p239," can be produced and refolded in vitro to form virus-like particles that will serve the purpose of the scaffold. This scaffold will be engineered to include an immunoglobulin-binding Protein G domain to bind the Fc region of an IgG antibody. This IgG antibody will represent a small particle in this model, and the binding of this particle to the viral scaffold may yield improved imaging resolution via cryo-EM. I will present results of the initial Protein G engineering process and preliminary imaging of the scaffold molecules.

2019 SURF Colloquium 65
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-DFRE+HFKWHU

1RUWKZHVWHUQ8QLYHUVLW\ 0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

,SODQWRREWDLQD0DVWHUVDQGSXUVXHDFDUHHULQFRPSXWDWLRQDOPDWHULDOVVFLHQFH

0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ7KHUPRG\QDPLFVDQG.LQHWLFV*URXS

/XFDV+DOH

,QWHUDWRPLF3RWHQWLDOVIRU&DOFXODWLQJ'LIIXVLRQ%HKDYLRU

7KHGLIIXVLRQRIDWRPVLQDFU\VWDOVWUXFWXUHLVSULPDULO\UHOLDQWRQWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGPLJUDWLRQRISRLQWGHIHFWVVXFKDVYDFDQFLHV7KHH[SHULPHQWDOGHWHUPLQDWLRQVRIGLIIXVLRQFRHIILFLHQWVDUHRIWHQERWKGLIILFXOWDQGH[SHQVLYH0ROHFXODU'\QDPLFV0'VLPXODWLRQVFDQEHXVHGWRREWDLQSUHGLFWLRQVRIDWRPLFOHYHOGLIIXVLRQPHFKDQLVPVDQGGLUHFWO\HVWLPDWHWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGPLJUDWLRQHQHUJLHVRISRLQWGHIHFWV+RZHYHUWKHUHVXOWVRI0'VLPXODWLRQVGHSHQGRQWKHLQWHUDWRPLFSRWHQWLDOVZKLFKDUHXVHGWRGHILQHWKHHQHUJ\RIWKHV\VWHP1,67¶V,QWHUDWRPLF3RWHQWLDOV5HSRVLWRU\,35SURMHFWFXUUHQWO\

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&KDG+LWH

:HVW9LUJLQLD8QLYHUVLW\ 0HFKDQLFDO$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

,SODQWRSXUVXHD3K'LQDILHOGUHODWHGWRPDWHULDOVFLHQFH

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ)XQFW

'U0DUFRV5H\HV0DUWLQH]

(OXFLGDWLQJWKH5ROHRI+LQJH0HFKDQLFVRQ,PSDFW0LWLJDWLRQ

5HFHQWZRUNKDVUHYHDOHGWKDWFRPSXWDWLRQDOERQGUHPRYDOIURPGLVRUGHUHGQHWZRUNVRIQRGHVFRQQHFWHG

E\ERQGVUHVXOWVLQPHWDPDWHULDOVZLWKKLJKO\WDLORUHGPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV7KLVKLJKGHJUHHRIWXQDELOLW\RIJOREDOPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDV3RLVVRQ¶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

2019 SURF Colloquium 66
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$OOLVRQ+RUHQEHUJ

8QLYHUVLW\RI9LUJLQLD %LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

$WWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRROUHVXOWLQJLQD3K'LQ%LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

00/%LRV\VWHPVDQG%LRPDWHULDOV'LYLVLRQ%LRPDWHULDOV*URXS

&DUO6LPRQ

0HDVXULQJ&HOO9LDELOLW\LQ&ROODJHQ6FDIIROGV

7KHLQDELOLW\WRUHOLDEO\PHDVXUHFHOOYLDELOLW\LQHQJLQHHUHGWLVVXHVUHPDLQVDPDMRUURDGEORFNWRWKHUHJHQHUDWLYHPHGLFLQHDQGWLVVXHHQJLQHHULQJLQGXVWULHV&XUUHQWUHVHDUFKLQWLVVXHHQJLQHHULQJIRFXVHVRQ

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

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

Name: Klara Keim Academic Institution: Texas Tech University Major: MicrobiologyAcademic Standing (Sept. ‘19): First Year Ph.D. Student Future Plans (School/Career): 

I am pursuing a Ph.D. in Microbiology at the University of Colorado for future work in bacteriology and infectious diseases research. 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

Materials Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, Polymers 

and Complex Fluids Group

NIST Research Advisor: Dr. Stella AlimpertiTitle of Talk: Elucidating the Effect of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness in Oral Microvasculature Utilizing 

Microfluidic Devices 

 Abstract: Oral microvascular diseases are strongly correlated to other diseases, such as oral cancer, hyperglycemia-induced 

periodontitis, and diabetes, which have traumatic effects on the soft tissue surrounding oral microvessels. These diseases affect the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which acts as a scaffold for endothelial cells comprising 

the microvasculature. Ultimately, this alters characteristics important in maintaining the growth and integrity of vessels, including cellular growth, adhesion, cytoskeletal arrangement, and translocation of components, such as the 

Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1), important in regulating metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the 

microvessels. The current research focuses on developing a microfluidic platform allowing for quantification of the 

effects of ECM stiffness on the integrity of the oral microvasculature, including cytoskeletal characteristics and the 

cytonuclear translocation of FOXO1. In this study, we fabricated microfluidic devices in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and seeded human umbilical vein cells (HUVECS) into a cylindrical collagen matrix to recapitulate proper 3D oral microvascular structures. The engineered vasculature was then utilized to observe physiological responses to 

varying conditions of collagen matrix stiffness. We engineered a 3D ECM using concentrations of type I collagen 

ranging from 1 mg/mL (softest matrix) to 4.2 mg/mL (stiffest matrix). Confocal microscopy was then utilized to 

visualize and quantify alterations in permeability of the vessel, cytonuclear translocation of FOXO1, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to the stiffness of the ECM. We have shown that a softer matrix decreases vessel integrity, 

exhibiting increased permeability and diffuse cytoskeletal arrangement around the cells. Whereas, in a stiffer matrix, the vessel exhibits decreased permeability and the cells exhibit increased spreading of their cytoskeletal elements. Additionally, FOXO1 has been observed to be translocated into the nuclei of the cells. The impact of this work elucidates the physiological effect of varying ECM stiffnesses resulting from a diseased environment. For example, 

the oral microvascular environment in patients with diabetes shows increased glucose levels, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species leading to tissue damage, in addition to stiffening ECM, which ultimately leads to impaired wound healing. Therefore, this study will allow for an efficient multiparametric model to quantify the effects of stiffening ECM on the microvasculature, elucidate potential therapeutic methods, and advance 

methods of vascular tissue engineering for in vivo and in vitro applications. 

2019 SURF Colloquium 67
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(OHDQRU.HOPDQ

%UDQGHLV8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH/LQJXLVWLFV+LVSDQLF6WXGLHV

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRROIRU&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHRU&RPSXWDWLRQDO/LQJXLVWLFV

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ

'U$DURQ*LODG.XVQH

)LQGLQJ+LJK&RQGXFWLYH7UDQVSDUHQW2[LGHVZLWK$FWLYH/HDUQLQJ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-LQVXQJ/HH

-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\ &KHPLFDODQG%LRPROHFXODU(QJ

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO5HVHDUFKHU

00/0DWHULDO6FLHQFH

'DYLG5DFLWL

'HWHUPLQLQJ2SWLPDO'&RQILJXUDWLRQRI3RURXV&25HGXFWLRQ&DWDO\VWV

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¶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

2019 SURF Colloquium 68
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2018

Name: Simin Manasiya Academic Institution: University of Houston Major: Biomedical Engineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): GraduatedFuture Plans (School/Career): Graduate School NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

MML, Materials Science and Engineering Division, Functional Polymers Group 

NIST Research Advisor: Dr. Frederick Phelan, Jr. Title of Talk: Using Atomistic Simulations to Relate Local Molecular Dynamics and Fluorescence 

Lifetime in a Damage Sensing Dye

Abstract: Polymer composites are a class of materials composed of a matrix and a reinforcement phase which is often constructed from fibers. Around the vicinity of the fiber, where the matrix properties begin to vary from those in the bulk, is called the interphase and the point where the matrix and fiber meet is the interface. Together these regions are responsible for providing rigidity and overall strength to the composite. Mechanical or water damage, which is characterized by change in interface level chemistry or phase separation, often occurs at this region with the consequence of failure of the overall composite and its mechanical properties. Fluorophores are molecules that absorb photons to attain an excited state and emit light as they transition to a lower energy state during a process called quenching. Fluorescent lifetime is the amount of time a molecule spends in the excited state before returning to ground state and is a function of the dye molecule chemistry and its surrounding 

environment. NIST is developing a type of fluorophore called a mechanophore that attains an excited state upon covalent bond breakage at the interface level and subsequently fluoresces. These mechanophores, when embedded at the interface level, can function as damage indicators for composites if the mechanical strain becomes too great. In this project, we use molecular dynamics to study a fluorescent dye in different molecular environments for 

quantifying its dynamics which correlate with fluorescent lifetime in potential mechanophores. The dye we study is 

Rhodamine B which exists in a conjugated state and fluoresces at a 610 nm. An environment with higher solvent viscosity generally yields a greater fluorescence lifetime; this is desirable for a better signal detection in tests of composite damage. Therefore, we studied the behavior of Rhodamine B in several solvents and attempt to correlate 

the dihedral relaxation function of the conjugated nitrogen atom with experimental results for the lifetime changes measured in solvents of different viscosity. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations provide a realistic and inexpensive way of studying molecular behavior with a wide array of desired environments. We perform MD simulations on 

several Rhodamine B molecules in a variety of solvents with differing viscosities and study the dihedral bonds that allow it to fluoresce. As expected, the preliminary results indicate that the dynamics of the molecule do tend to change with viscosity. These protocols will assist in the development of experimental designs of similar fluorogenic compounds and mechanophores. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-RHOOH0DUFKLDQL

+DZDL
L3DFLILF8QLYHUVLW\ 0DULQH%LRORJ\

0DVWHUV 6WXGHQW 1RUWKHDVWHUQ 8QLYHUVLW\

,
PDWWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRROIRUD06LQ0DULQH%LRORJ\DQGP\JRDOLVWRZRUNDVD/DERUDWRU\$VVLVWDQWRU5HVHDUFK7HFKQLFLDQ

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\&KHPLFDO6FLHQFHV'LYLVLRQ(QYLURQPHQWDO&KHPLFDO6FLHQFHV*URXS-HQQLIHU/\QFK

&KHPLFDOZHDWKHULQJDQGDGGLWLYHVLQSODVWLFPDULQHGHEULVLQWKH+DZDLLDQ,VODQGV

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a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

2019 SURF Colloquium 69
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

2ULDQD&KULVW\2YLGH

:HVW9LUJLQLD8QLYHUVLW\ )RUHQVLF6FLHQFHDQG&KHPLVWU\

6HQLRU

,ZRXOGOLNHWRZRUNDVDIRUHQVLFFKHPLVWDIWHUDWWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\'LYLVLRQ*URXS

5XWKPDUD&RU]R3K'

$VVHVVPHQWRI(OHPHQWDO+RPRJHQHLW\LQ0RGHUQ*ODVV;5)IRU)RUHQVLFV

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¶VJURZLQJXVDJHFRPHVWKHQHHGIRUUHVHDUFKDVVHVVLQJWKHKRPRJHQHLW\RIDVLQJOHJODVVVRXUFH,QWKLVVWXG\JODVVIUDJPHQWVZHUHHDFKFROOHFWHGIURPWKHLQQHUDQGRXWHUJODVVSDQHVRIDVLQJOHZLQGVKLHOG7KHIUDJPHQWVZHUHDQDO\]HGXVLQJ;5)DQGWKHUHODWLYHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQ56'ZDVFDOFXODWHGWRHYDOXDWHWKHKRPRJHQHLW\ZLWKLQDVLQJOHJODVV7KHRXWHUSDQHZDVIRXQGWREHIDLUO\KRPRJHQRXVIRUDOOHOHPHQWVGHWHFWHG56'ޒDSDUWIURPWLWDQLXPDQGVXOIXU7KHLQQHUSDQHH[KLELWHGJUHDWHUKHWHURJHQHLW\56'ޓWKRXJKWKLVLVLQSDUWDWWULEXWHGWR[UD\VFDWWHULQJFDXVHGE\LUUHJXODUVXUIDFHV7KHKRPRJHQHLW\ZLWKLQDJODVVVRXUFHKDVLPSRUWDQWLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUSURSHUVDPSOLQJWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHNQRZQIUDJPHQWVFROOHFWHGIURPDFULPHVFHQHDUHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKHJODVVVRXUFH

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5DMDVKRZ3DUDMXOL

0RQWJRPHU\&ROOHJH &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6RSKRPRUH

*UDGXDWHVFKRRORUFDUHHULQVZDUPLQWHOOLJHQFH

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW6FLHQFH	(QJLQHHULQJ'LY

'U'HEUD$XGXV

3UHGLFWLQJ3URWHLQ3URSHUWLHVZLWK0DFKLQH/HDUQLQJ

3URWHLQVDUHOLIHHVVHQWLDOELRORJLFDOPROHFXOHVFRPSRVHGRIFKDLQVRIERQGHGDPLQRDFLGV,WVDPLQR

DFLGVHTXHQFHGLFWDWHVHDFKSURWHLQ
VXQLTXHVWUXFWXUHEHKDYLRUDQGSURSHUWLHV7KHFRPELQDWLRQVRIWKHWZHQW\QDWXUDOO\RFFXUULQJDPLQRDFLGVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUPDLQWDLQLQJFUHDWLQJDQGGHIHQGLQJDOOELRORJLFDOSURFHVVHV,QVWUXFWXUDODQGFKHPLFDOELRORJ\SURWHLQV¶EHKDYLRUVDUHXVHGLQGUXJGLVFRYHU\DQGJHQHWKHUDS\ZKLFKKDVLPSURYHGWKHOLYHVRISDWLHQWVVXIIHULQJIURPGLVHDVHOLNHVLFNOHFHOODQHPLDKHPRSKLOLDDQGFDQFHU+RZHYHU7KHPRVWFRPPRQPHWKRGVRISUHGLFWLQJSURWHLQ
VPDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVLQYROYHH[SHQVLYHH[SHULPHQWVRUXVLQJVLPXODWLRQRQDOUHDG\SUHGHWHUPLQHG'VWUXFWXUHRIDSURWHLQ)XUWKHUPRUHDWWHPSWLQJSUHGLFWLQJSURWHLQEHKDYLRUIURPLWVVHTXHQFHE\KDQGRUFRPSXWDWLRQDOO\LVDQRQWULYLDOHQGHDYRUGXHWRFURVVLQWHUDFWLYLW\RIDPLQRDFLGVZLWKHDFKRWKHU7KHDELOLW\WRSUHGLFWSURSHUWLHVIRUDQ\JLYHQVHTXHQFHZRXOGUHGXFHWKHH[SHULPHQWDOHIIRUWDQGZRXOGDOORZIRUUDSLGSURWRW\SLQJRIPDWHULDOVDPSOHVIRUWHVWLQJ:HKDYHXVHGH[LVWLQJVHTXHQFHGSURWHLQVDQGWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHVWUXFWXUHVIRXQGLQRSHQSURWHLQGDWDEDVHVVXFKDVWKH3URWHLQ'DWD%DQNZLWKPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPHWKRGVWRSUHGLFWSURWHLQSURSHUWLHV:HWHVWHGPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPHWKRGVIURPVLPSOHPHWKRGVDVOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQWRFRPSOH[PRGHOVOLNHUDQGRP)RUHVWV0XOWLOD\HUDQG&RQYROXWLRQDOQHXUDOQHWZRUNVZLWKDGLIIHUHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHVHTXHQFHVVXFKDVRQHKRWHQFRGLQJDEDJRIZRUGVDQGFRUUHODWLRQPDWUL[:HKDYHEHQFKPDUNHGSURILFLHQF\RIHDFKPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPHWKRGLQSUHGLFWLQJFU\VWDOOLQHSURWHLQ
VPDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVYROXPHK\GURG\QDPLFUDGLXVLQWULQVLFYLVFRVLW\DQGJ\UDWLRQDQGSRODUL]DELOLW\WHQVRUV,QDGGLWLRQZHKDYHIRXQGWKDWWKHQHXUDOQHWZRUNVQRWRQO\RXWSHUIRUPEXWDOVRWKHSHUIRUPDQFHVFDOHVZLWKGDWD

2019 SURF Colloquium 70
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6DPXHO3KLOOLEHU

&DOLIRUQLD3RO\WHFKQLF6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ 3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

3XUVXHD3K'LQSK\VLFV

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ7KH0D

'U'DYLG/D9DQ

'HYHORSLQJD9LUWXDO,QVWUXPHQWIRUD+LJK7KURXJKSXW7KHUPDO$QDO\VLV,QVWUXPHQW

3LFRFDORULPHWU\DOORZVIRUWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRIWKHWKHUPRG\QDPLFSURSHUWLHVRIQDQRVFDOHVDPSOHV/DUJHUGDWDVHWVDUHGHVLUHGIRUIXUWKHUDQDO\VLVRIPHOWLQJSRLQWVKHDWFDSDFLW\HQWKDOSLHVHWFKRZHYHUFXUUHQWLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQFDQRQO\DFFRPPRGDWHRQHVDPSOHDWDWLPHPHDVXULQJOHVVWKDQWHQVDPSOHVDGD\LVQRUPDO7KLVQHZLQVWUXPHQWLVLQWHQGHGWRPHDVXUHWKRXVDQGVRIVDPSOHVDGD\(DFKVDPSOHPXVWEHDOLJQHGXQGHUDGHWHFWRUZKLFKZLOOEHGRQHXVLQJPDFKLQHYLVLRQDQGDXWRPDWHGVWDJHVWRPRYHEHWZHHQPXOWLSOHVDPSOHVRQDVLQJOHZDIHUDQGWKHQSHUIRUPDWKHUPDOPHDVXUHPHQWXVLQJRSWLFDOPHWKRGV,QRUGHUIRUWKLVQHZLQVWUXPHQWWRUXQHDFKRILWVFRPSRQHQWVQHHGWREHFRQWUROOHGWKURXJKDVLQJOHSURJUDPWKHFDPHUDWKHVWDJHVWKHQPLQWHUIHURPHWHUWKHQPKHDWLQJODVHUHWF,ZLOOUHSRUWRQWKHSURJUHVVLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH/DE9LHZFRGHWRFRRUGLQDWHWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHVWDJHPRWRUVDQGWKHLQWHUIHURPHWHU:LWKWKHVHZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUWKHLQVWUXPHQWFDQQRZEHWHVWHGDQGVRPHGDWDFDQEHWDNHQ7KHSURJUDPDOVRSURFHVVHVDQDO\]HVDQGVWRUHVWKHLQWHUIHURPHWHUGDWDIURPHDFKVDPSOH)XWXUHZRUNLVWRJHWWKHEXLOWLQPDVVVSHFWURPHWHUUXQQLQJ

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-RVKXD3ULFH

7KH3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ %LRORJ\

3RVWEDFFDODXUHDWH

1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHVRI+HDOWK
V,57$SURJUDPDQGSXUVXHDGRFWRUDWHGHJUHH

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQWV/DERUDWRU\%LRPROHFXODU0HDVXUHPHQW'LYLVLRQ%LRPROHFXO

=YL.HOPDQ:LOOLDP%UDG2
'HOO

&DOLEUDWLQJ'HXWHULXP,QFRUSRUDWLRQLQWR*UHHQ)OXRUHVFHQW3URWHLQ([SUHVVHGLQWKH<

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 71


#$# $$

	–







("##$#( 	!(
#+
#)͚ϭ-,($#$!"+
*!!,(

!#!&'%"'!$(

"!%"!(#("#!#(

Adam Robinson

 George Mason University Physics

Senior

Graduate school (PhD in Physics)

MML (63) (Division=642)(Thermodynamics and Kinetics Group (642.05))

Dr. James Hickman

 Neural network interatomic potentials: Feature selection and property sensitivity

In order to carry out realistic classical atomistic simulations it is essential to have an accurate mappingbetween a system's atomic structure and its potential energy. The function that describes this relationshipis known as the potential energy surface (PES). The PES can be estimated using various computationallyslow but highly accurate quantum mechanical methods such as density functional theory (DFT).Alternatively, faster but less accurate physically inspired analytic models are also common. Collectively,analytic approximations of the PES are known as interatomic potentials or force fields. In recent yearsartificial neural networks (ANN) have also become popular as a means of predicting energy byinterpolating DFT data. The ANN approach requires the quantification of a given atom's local structuralenvironment by a descriptor vector (also known as a feature). This vector is fed into the ANN which canbe trained using DFT data to make a prediction for the atom's potential energy. The ANN methodapproaches the accuracy of DFT but is computationally much faster. In the present study we applycommon machine learning feature selection algorithms to determine the feature sets which strike theoptimal balance between computational speed and accuracy. We focus on silicon as a model system;however, generally the results apply to any mono-atomic system. Finally, using this optimal set offeatures, we demonstrate convergence of various thermal properties with respect to how tightly a givenANN force field reproduces the results of DFT.

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

.DWULQD05XSHUW

:HVW9LUJLQLD8QLYHUVLW\ )RUHQVLF	,QYHVWLJDWLYH6FLHQFH

)LUVW\HDU*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW%6LQ)RUHQVLF	,QYHVWLJDWLYH6FLHQFH

*UDGXDWHVFKRROIRU)RUHQVLF%LRORJ\DW:98

00/'LYLVLRQ%LR3URFHVV0HDVXUHPHQW*URXS

-HIIUH\+XGJHQV	.\OH$QGHUVRQ

*HWWLQJWKH.LQNV2XW5HGXFLQJ'LVXOILGH%RQGVIRU3URWHLQ$QDO\VLV

,QRUGHUWRVHOOYLDEOHPHGLFDWLRQVWRWKHSXEOLFELRSKDUPDFHXWLFDOFRPSDQLHVPXVWIXOO\FRPSUHKHQGKRZHDFKPHGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWVZLWKWKHWDUJHWSURWHLQLQWKHKXPDQERG\$SURPLQHQWLQVWUXPHQWXWLOL]HGWRDQDO\]HWKHIXQFWLRQDOLW\RISURWHLQVLQWKHLU3KROR ́DQG3DSR ́FRQILJXUDWLRQVLVK\GURJHQGHXWHULXPH[FKDQJHPDVVVSHFWURPHWU\+';06+\GURJHQGHXWHULXPH[FKDQJHXOWLPDWHO\UHYHDOVWKHIOH[LELOLW\RISURWHLQV)ROORZLQJDSHULRGRI+';SURWHLQIOH[LELOLW\LVHYDOXDWHGE\GLJHVWLQJWKHSURWHLQLQWRSHSWLGHVDQGWKHQPHDVXULQJWKHGHXWHULXPFRQWHQWRIHDFKSHSWLGH+';06KDVEHHQDSSOLHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQRIFDQGLGDWHWUHDWPHQWVIRUYDULRXVPHGLFDOFRQGLWLRQVLQFOXGLQJGLDEHWHV$O]KHLPHU¶VDQGFDQFHU+RZHYHUDQREVWDFOHWRWKLVPHWKRGLVWKHSUHVHQFHRIGLVXOILGHERQGVDVWKH\LQKLELWDQGFRPSOLFDWHDQDO\VLV$FRPPRQFKHPLFDOSURFHVVDSSOLHGWRDLGLQWKHUHGXFWLRQRIWKHVHERQGVLV7&(3\HWWKHSURFHVVSURYHVLQHIIHFWLYHRQPDQ\SURWHLQVDQGRQVRPHLQVWUXPHQWV$QRYHOHOHFWURFKHPLFDOGHYLFHDGYHUWLVHGWREHVXFFHVVIXOLQGLVXOILGHUHGXFWLRQIRUDZLGHUDUUD\RISURWHLQVLV$QWHF¶V3UHS&HOO7KLVVXPPHU¶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

2019 SURF Colloquium 72
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

8VPDDQ6LGGLTXL

8QLYHUVLW\RI6RXWK)ORULGD &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRROLQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

00/06('3RO\PHUV3URFHVVLQJ*URXS

'DQLHO6XQGD\

6HOI$VVHPEO\DQG6ROXWLRQ6WUXFWXUHRI6XSUDPROHFXODU%RWWOHEUXVK3RO\PHUV

6XSUDPROHFXODUSRO\PHUVDUHXQLTXHFRPSDUHGWRWUDGLWLRQDOSRO\PHUVLQWKDWWKH\DUHFRPSRVHGRINH\UHYHUVLEOHDQGGLUHFWLRQDOVHFRQGDU\ERQGLQJ6HFRQGDU\ERQGVPRVWQRWDEO\K\GURJHQERQGVFDQEHILQHWXQHGDQGFDQFRQVHTXHQWLDOO\DOWHUWKHSRO\PHU¶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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1RDK6PLWK

'UDNH8QLYHUVLW\ &KHPLVWU\3K\VLFV	0DWKHPDWLFV

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

0DVWHU
VLQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDW:DVKLQJWRQ8QLYHUVLW\LQ6W/RXLV

0DWHULDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOVIRU(QHUJ\DQG6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW

'U=DFKDU\7UDXWW

(QDEOLQJ)$,5'DWD3ULQFLSOHVIRU+LJK7KURXJKSXW([SHULPHQWDO'DWD

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¶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

2019 SURF Colloquium 73
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5\DQ6PLWK

8QLYHUVLW\RI+RXVWRQ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

,SODQWRHDUQP\3K'LQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDW1RWUH'DPH

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ0DWHULD

'U-DVRQ+DWWULFN6LPSHUV

&RUUHODWLQJ6WUXFWXUDODQG)XQFWLRQDO3URSHUWLHVZLWK$PRUSKLFLW\RI$OOR\V

0HWDOOLFJODVVHV0*DOVRNQRZQDVDPRUSKRXVPHWDOVDUHWHFKQRORJLFDOO\LQWHUHVWLQJPDWHULDOVGXHWRWKHLUH[FHSWLRQDOSK\VLFDODQGFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVKLJKWRXJKQHVVDQGFRUURVLRQUHVLVWDQFH7KHVHSURSHUWLHVPDNHWKHPGHVLUDEOHIRUDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVERQHLPSODQWVKLJKHIILFLHQF\WUDQVIRUPHUVDQGHOHFWULFDOFRQWDFWV3UHYLRXVO\DW1,67DSDUWLFXODUO\LQWHUHVWLQJDOOR\V\VWHP1L7L$OZDVSUHGLFWHGE\PDFKLQHOHDUQLQJPRGHOVWRIRUPDJODVVLQDFRPSRVLWLRQUHJLRQWKDWVKRXOGQRW\LHOGDVWDEOHJODVVDFFRUGLQJWRWUDGLWLRQDOKHXULVWLFV7KLVV\VWHPZDVWKHQV\QWKHVL]HGDVDWKLQILOPDQGLQYHVWLJDWHGIRULWV0*IRUPLQJDELOLW\WKURXJKV\QFKURWURQ[UD\GLIIUDFWLRQ&RPSDULVRQRIDQDOOR\¶V[UD\GLIIUDFWLRQSHDNIXOOZLGWKDWKDOIPD[LPXP):+0YDOXHZLWKWKRVHRINQRZQJODVVHVLVDFRQYHQLHQWZD\WRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKDWDOOR\LVDJODVVEXWWKHSUHFLVH):+0WKUHVKROGWKDWTXDOLILHVDQDOOR\DVDJODVVLVDPELJXRXV$VDUHVXOWWKHIXOOH[WHQWRIWKHJODVVIRUPLQJFRPSRVLWLRQUHJLRQZDVGLIILFXOWWRSUHFLVHO\TXDQWLI\DQGFRPSDUHWRWKHPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJSUHGLFWLRQV6LQFH0*DOOR\VFDQWKRXJKGRQRWQHFHVVDULO\H[KLELWPXFKKLJKHUFRUURVLRQUHVLVWDQFHWKDQFU\VWDOOLQHDOOR\VWKLVVWXG\DLPHGWRFRUUHODWHFRUURVLRQSURSHUWLHVZLWKWKH):+0DQGDOOR\FRPSRVLWLRQ7KHFRUURVLRQSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVSDVVLYDWLRQFXUUHQWRIWKH1L7L$OV\VWHPZHUHPHDVXUHGZLWKDVFDQQLQJGURSOHWFHOORQD1L7L$OFRPSRVLWLRQJUDGLHQWWKLQILOPGHSRVLWHGRQDVLOLFRQZDIHU&RUUHODWLQJWKRVHUHVXOWVWRFRPSRVLWLRQDQG):+0LOOXVWUDWHGWKDWD):+0YDOXHJUHDWHUWKDQDSSUR[LPDWHO\cAZDVQHFHVVDU\EXWLQVXIILFLHQWIRUDQ\JLYHQFRPSRVLWLRQWRH[KLELWKLJKFRUURVLRQUHVLVWDQFH8VLQJWKLVQHZWKUHVKROGYDOXHLWZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHJODVVIRUPLQJUHJLRQRIWKH1L7L$ODOOR\V\VWHPLVVLJQLILFDQWO\ODUJHUWKDQSUHYLRXVO\EHOLHYHG)XWXUHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH):+0WKUHVKROGWRRWKHUV\VWHPVFRXOGUHYHDOFXUUHQWO\XQGLVFRYHUHGRUXQSUHGLFWHGPHWDOOLFJODVVV\VWHPVRUFRPSRVLWLRQUHJLRQV



#$# $$

	

–







(

"##$#( 	!(


#+
#)‘1-,($#$!"+
*!!,(

!#!&'%"'!$(

"!%"!(#(

/X6RQJ

0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ 3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\

6HQLRU

&RQWLQXLQJVFKRRODQGSXUVXLQJDFDUHHULQ0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJDUHD

0DWHULDOV0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\00/0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ06('3RO\PHU3URFHVVLQJ*URXS

$QWKRQ\.RWXOD

"#!#(

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

(YDOXDWLQJPHFKDQLFDODQGFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHVRISRO\GLPHWK\OVLOR[DQHXVLQJUKHR5DPDQPLFURVFRSH

2019 SURF Colloquium 74
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-RQDK7DVK

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH	0DWK

6RSKRPRUH

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO,QGXVWU\

00/%LRV\VWHPVDQG%LRPDWHULDOV'LYLVLRQ&HOO6\VWHPV6FLHQFH*URXS

'U7DODSDG\1%KDW

'\QDPLF7D[RQRPLHVIRU5RRW	5XOHG%DVHG/DQJXDJH7UHHV

7D[RQRPLHVDUHDQLQWXLWLYHZD\RIVWUXFWXULQJODUJHFRUSRUDRIGDWD7KH\FDQEHXVHGWRRUJDQL]HUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVRUJDQLVPVDQGHYHQWKHZRUGVLQWKLVDEVWUDFW7KHEDVLFVWUXFWXUHRIDWD[RQRP\LVDWUHHZLWKEUDQFKHVUHSUHVHQWLQJQHVWHGFDWHJRULHV7D[RQRPLHVDUHYDOXDEOHWRUHVHDUFKHUVEHFDXVHWKLVVWUXFWXUHTXDQWLILHVGDWDVLPLODULW\)RUH[DPSOHRQHPLJKWH[SHFWKXPDQVWRVKDUHPRUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVZLWKSULPDWHVWKDQUHSWLOHVVLQFHKXPDQVEHORQJWRWKHSULPDWHWD[RQRPLFFODVV)XUWKHUPRUHWKLVIHDWXUHZRXOGEHYDOXDEOHWRDQRQOLQHUHWDLOHUXVLQJDWD[RQRP\WRRUJDQL]HWKHLUSURGXFWV$XVHULQWHUHVWHGLQDVSHFLILFLWHPPLJKWDOVRVKRZLQWHUHVWLQLWHPVIURPWKHVDPHWD[RQRPLFIDPLO\7KHVWRUHFDQVXJJHVWWKHVHLWHPVWRWKHXVHUNHHSLQJWKDWVKRSSHURQWKHLUZHEVLWHIRUDVORQJDVSRVVLEOH7KHUHLVDGLVDGYDQWDJHWRXVLQJWD[RQRPLHVLQWKLVPDQQHU7KHRQO\ZD\WRILQGDQLWHPLVE\VHDUFKLQJHYHU\EUDQFKRIWKHWUHHXQWLOWKHGHVLUHGLWHPLVIRXQG:HGHYHORSHGG\QDPLFWD[RQRPLHVVROYHWKLVLQHIILFLHQF\,QDG\QDPLFWD[RQRP\HQWULHVDUHVWRUHGLQDIODWWDEOH7D[RQRPLFFODVVHVDUHGHILQHGQRWE\H[SOLFLWEUDQFKHVEXWDVVKDUHGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVEHWZHHQHOHPHQWV7KLVDOORZVFODVVHVWREHFUHDWHGG\QDPLFDOO\7KLVFRQFHSWZDVLPSOHPHQWHGDVDZHEDSSXVLQJWKH&$631(7IUDPHZRUN7KHDSSDOORZVXVHUVWREXLOGWKHLURZQDEVWUDFWVXVLQJVQLSSHWVIURPRWKHUSDSHUV$VXVHUVVHDUFKIRUVQLSSHWVWKHDSSGLVSOD\VVHDUFKVXJJHVWLRQVJHQHUDWHGE\WKH5RRW	5XOH5	5SURFHVVLQJPHWKRG7KH5	5PHWKRGGLVWLOOVNH\ZRUGOLNHSKUDVHVIURPWKHGRFXPHQWV8VHUVFDQWKHQFKRRVHWRDGGWKHSKUDVHDVDWD[RQRPLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFWRKHOSUHILQHWKHLUVHDUFK7KHDSSZDVDVXFFHVVIXOSURRIRIFRQFHSWIRUWKLVQHZWHFKQLTXH7KLVZRUNLVDVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFKRQG\QDPLFWD[RQRPLHV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

:LQQLH7UDQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN %LRFKHPLVWU\

6HQLRU

3XUVXLQJHLWKHUDFDUHHULQ%LRFKHPLVWU\ILHOGRUD0DVWHU¶V'HJUHHLQ%LRFKHPLVWU\

00/%LRPROHFXODU0HDVXUHPHQW'LYLVLRQ%LRDQDO\WLFDO6FLHQFH*URXS'DYLG0%XQN

&RPELQLQJ/&06DQG(/,6$IRU4XDQWLILFDWLRQRI$OOHUJHQLF0LON3URWHLQLQ)RRG

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 75
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LGKL9DQWDLU

-RKQV+RSNLQV 1HXURVFLHQFH

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

*HRUJHWRZQ8QLYHUVLW\0HGLFLQH

00/%LRV\VWHPVDQG%LRPDWHULDOV'LYLVLRQ&RPSOH[0LFURELDO6\VWHPV*URXS

'U6FRWW-DFNVRQ

'HYHORSLQJD&DQGLGDWH5HIHUHQFH0DWHULDOWR$VVHVV'1$([WUDFWLRQ(IILFLHQF\

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 76
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

*DPLWKD:LMHNRRQ

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

0DVWHUV'HJUHHLQ5RERWLFV(QJLQHHULQJ

00/

'U+HDWKHU&KHQ0D\HU

1HXWURQ7RPRJUDSK\DQG6LPXODWLRQRI&RPSWRQ,PDJLQJ

:LWKWKHDJLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQ$PHULFDZHQHHGWREHDEOHWRDVVHVVWKHFRQGLWLRQRILQIUDVWUXFWXUH

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

)MRUHOD;K\OLX

&OHYHODQG6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

*UDGXDWH'HJUHHLQ%LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

00/0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ3RO\PHUVDQG&RPSOH[)OXLGV*URXS

*LO.DXIPDQ$GYLVRU-RQDWKDQ6HSSDOD$QWKRQ\.RWXOD

1$&UHVFXHVGHQWDOSXOSFHOOVH[SRVHGWRWR[LFGHQWDOPRQRPHU

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

H[SRVXUHWRWR[LFFRQFHQWUDWLRQRI7(*'0$PPRO/1$&ZDVUHTXLUHGWRUHVXPHWKHELRPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ7KHHIIHFWRIWKH1$&FRQMXJDWHGWR+$DQG'&3$SDUWLFOHVLVFXUUHQWO\EHLQJLQYHVWLJDWHG7RGDWHUHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDW1$&FRXOGEHFOLQLFDOO\XWLOL]HGDVUHVFXLQJDJHQWLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRSXOSFDSSLQJUHVWRUDWLYHVRUELRSULQWHGLQWRPXOWLIXQFWLRQDORUJDQLFPDWUL[HVWKDWZLOODOORZFHOOVWRUHJHQHUDWHDQGLQGXFHELRPLQHUDOL]DWLRQZKHQDIIHFWHGE\WR[LFGHQWDOPRQRPHUV

2019 SURF Colloquium 77
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XOLH<DJRGLFK

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

:RUNDVDGDWDDQDO\VWRUSURJUDPPHUIRFXVLQJLQFKHPLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ

00/0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ'LYLVLRQ)XQFWLRQDO3RO\PHUV*URXS

'U&KULVWRSKHU6WDIIRUG

'DWD$FTXLVLWLRQDQG,PDJH$QDO\VLVRI6PDOO$QJOH/LJKW6FDWWHULQJ

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

UHDGDVDIXQFWLRQRIWLPHWRVSHHGXSDQDO\VLVDQGUHGXFHQRLVHLQWKHGDWD

2019 SURF Colloquium 78
First Name Last Name

Emily Blick

Hamna Chaudhry

Candyce Collins

Disha Das

Marshall Nakatani

Julianna Price

Malgorzata Psurek

Lizabeth Quigley

Joseph Rath

Spencer Rodgers

Emma Rogers

Andrew Seamone

Racheal Spruill

Washat Ware

Mark Zic

NCNR SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 79
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Emily Blick Academic Institution: The University of Maryland Major: Bioengineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Graduated 

Future Plans (School/Career): 

Postbaccalaureate at The National Institute of Health 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group 

NIST Research Advisor: 

Yun Liu 

Title of Talk: Long-Term Vesicle Stability for Liposomal Nanomedicines Abstract: Liposomes are promising candidates for future drug delivery applications due to the similarities in morphology to

cellular membranes. The possibility of developing nanomedicines using phospholipid bilayer vesicles has sparked 

further investigation of pertinent liposomal properties. The understanding of vesicle stability is essential before

they can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry. Beginning last summer, my experiments have yielded 

interesting results showing that vesicle size, solution temperature, and oxygen exposure can have surprisinglylarge impacts on liposomal stability. In order to monitor vesicle properties dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques were used. DLS measured the apparent vesicle radius and was able to provide data on the change of vesicle size over time under varying conditions. On the other hand, SANS enabled us to see the change in physical structure of the liposomes over a wide range of length scales during thedegradation of vesicles in solution. By combining these two techniques, observable changes in vesicle size, rigidity and structure were determined in relation to storage environment. The physical instability of the liposomes was

linked to chemical degradation of the lipid molecules by either hydrolysis or oxidation. Each degradation method 

differs in both the pathways and final products that were distinguished through chemical assays. Our

experimental results provide new insights on what conditions allow vesicles to remain stable and capable for 

future treatment use. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+DPQD&KDXGKU\

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWH6WXGLHVLQ&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

1,67&HQWHURI1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK5HDFWRU2SHUDWLRQVDQG(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS

'DJLVWDQ6DKLQ

1%655HDFWRU3ODQW6WDWH3UHGLFWRU

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 80
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Candyce Collins Academic Institution: Fayetteville State University Major: Chemistry - Materials Science Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Senior

Future Plans (School/Career): 

Obtain a Masters and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering or Materials Science 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group 

NIST Research Advisor: 

Kathleen Weigandt, Avanish Bharati 

Title of Talk: When Polymers Meet: Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers Abstract: The development of homogeneous anisotropic particles is difficult, labor intensive, and has limited scale-up possibilities. We adopted crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) approach for the diblock copolymers todevelop these anisotropic particles with varying aspect ratio. We took advantage of the fact that the self-assembly of diblock copolymers in a selective solvent is determined by the packing parameter of the polymer blocks, as well as the quality of the solvent. We asked the question: Can the shape and size of the particles formed during the self-assembly of diblock copolymers be altered by the packing parameter of the diblocks as well as the solvent

quality? To examine these phenomena, diblock copolymers of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and Poly L-lactic Acid 

(PLLA) were used. With the aim to develop model particles for research, there was an attempt to optimize the

conditions at which we could obtain rod-like structures; especially due to the thermodynamically driven repulsion

of the block copolymers to one another, which leads to different morphologies. The choice of temperature,

solvent mixture type - Tetrahydrofuran/D O versus Acetone/D 2 O - and solvent quality was determined by studying 2

the solubility of individual polymers using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

(SANS). For the crystallization of the short PLLA core surrounded by the long amorphous PEO corona to form 

rod-like particles for certain block ratios, a marginal solvent ratio for both of the diblocks was chosen. The

generated polydisperse particles obtained from the polymers, referred to as preseeds, were subjected to probe 

sonication to form fairly monodisperse particles, called seeds. By optimizing the solvent ratio to be good for the

PEO corona and marginal to bad for the PLLA core, the growth of the PLLA from the diblock solution onto its 

crystal growth front in the seeds was pursued. DLS and SANS revealed that the desired solvent ratio was attained

at 10 wt% Acetone to 90 wt% D O with a temperature of 25 2 Υ. Depending on the diblock concentration, the 

process of CDSA is expected to result in monodispersed particles with controlled aspect ratios. In the future, the

findings will provide a toolbox of particles with varying aspect ratio to answer the fundamental questions relevant

to the flow behavior of soft materials under industrially relevant conditions using a slit capillary rheometer in

combination with SANS. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

'LVKD'DV

&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6RSKRPRUH

:RUNLQLQGXVWU\DVDVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHU

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK5HDFWRU2SHUDWLRQVDQG(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS

'U'DJLVWDQ6DKLQ

3HUIRUPLQJ+XPDQ)DFWRUV$QDO\VLVRQ1XFOHDU5HDFWRU&RQVROHZLWK0L[HG5HDOLW\

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 81
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Marshall Nakatani Academic Institution: The George Washington University Major: Biology Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Junior

Future Plans (School/Career): 

Graduate School/Biological Research 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group 

NIST Research Advisor: 

Ryan Murphy 

Title of Talk: Capillary μRheoSANS: Lipid Vesicle Nanostructure and Rheology at High Shear Abstract: High shear flows occur readily in biological and industrial processes such as spraying, coating, lubrication,

intravenous drug delivery, and capillary flow. Standard rotational rheometers are typically limited to measuring 

viscosities of complex fluids up to shear rates of 1000 s^-1. However, a recently developed Capillary μRheoSANS

device combines a high-pressure capillary rheometer and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to simultaneously

measure the rheology and nanostructure of complex fluids at shear rates up to 1,000,000 s^-1. Pharmaceutical

applications utilize suspensions of lipid vesicles, particularly for intravenous drug delivery, which solubilize and 

transport therapeutics into the circulatory system. However, the structural integrity of lipid vesicle formulations

in capillary flow environments and high shear rates is poorly understood. To investigate the stability and 

deformation of lipid vesicles, a model lipid system containing 100 nm vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidyglycerol

(DMPG) was measured with capillary μRheoSANS. The steady shear viscosities of different DMPG vesicle concentrations were measured in a standard cone and plate rheometer, and the shear-thinning behavior was compared to the Capillary μRheoSANS measurements at higher shear rates. SANS data helped to further examine

the structural properties of the vesicles at rest and under flow. The extent of scattering anisotropy increased with 

shear rate, indicating some degree of alignment or deformation under flow. It was also discovered that the average vesicle diameter appeared to decrease after prolonged flow in the capillary device, although the mechanism of this size change remained unclear. This research begins to address important questions about the behavior of lipid vesicles in extreme flow environments, while also highlighting the capabilities of the μRheoSANS instrumentation at the NCNR. Ongoing instrument design involves implementing temperature control and a motorized slit aperture to measure the fluid structure parallel to the direction of flow. The ability to measure the rheology and nanostructure at extreme shear rates and varying temperatures will benefit future research and development of complex fluids for various applications. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XOLDQQD3ULFH

:LOVRQ&ROOHJH %LRFKHPLVWU\DQG0ROHFXODU%LR

6HQLRU

$WWDLQP\3K'LQ3KDUPDFRORJ\

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1HXWURQ&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU6FLHQFH*URXS

$P\;X

2UDO,QVXOLQ'HOLYHU\YLD0LFURHQFDSVXODWLRQ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 82
SURF Student Colloquium

NIST Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

Name:Academic Institution: Major:Academic Standing (Sept. 9): Future Plans (School/Career): NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: NIST Research Advisor: Title of Talk:Abstract: 

Malgorzata Psurek

University of Maryland - College Chemistry

Sophomore

Graduate school, followed by a career in some form of environmental chemistry. 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron Condensed Matter Science GroupDr. Terrence Udovic

Breaking up the crystal lattice to improve superionic conductivity

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/L]DEHWK4XLJOH\

8QLYHUVLW\RI7HQQHVVHHDW.QR[YLOOH 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

*UDG6FKRRO

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1HXWURQ&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU6FLHQFH*URXS

$OH[*UXWWHU

'HSWK'HSHQGHQFHRI6N\UPLRQVLQ7KLQ)LOPV

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μ¶V¶DQGμ¶V¶UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHIRUHLWLVFULWLFDOWRNQRZKRZWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHVN\UPLRQGLIIHUVIURPWKHEXON+HUHZHVWXG\DWKLQILOPVXSHUODWWLFHRIJDGROLQLXPDQGLURQ*G)HZKLFKIRUPVVN\UPLRQVDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHDQG]HURPDJQHWLFILHOGDVQHFHVVDU\IRULQWHJUDWLRQLQWRQH[WJHQHUDWLRQHOHFWURQLFGHYLFHV0RVWLQYHVWLJDWLRQVLQWRVN\UPLRQVKDYHIRFXVHGRQWKHEXONDYHUDJHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVN\UPLRQVDQGODFNWKHDELOLW\WRUHVROYHWKHGLIIHUHQWVXUIDFHDQGμEXON¶VWUXFWXUH+RZHYHUJUD]LQJLQFLGHQFHVPDOODQJOHQHXWURQVFDWWHULQJ*,6$16LVVHQVLWLYHWRERWKWKHEXONDQGWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHPDWHULDOPXFKOLNHHOHFWURQLFGHYLFHVDQGFDQGLVWLQJXLVKWKHP8QIRUWXQDWHO\*,6$16UHVXOWVDUHGLIILFXOWWRLQWHUSUHWRQWKHLURZQVRZHXVHGSRODUL]HGQHXWURQDQG;UD\UHIOHFWRPHWU\WRGHILQHWKHGHSWKGHSHQGHQFHRIWKHILOPDQGLWVPDJQHWLVP:HPDGHDPRGHOXVLQJWKHUHIOHFWRPHWU\GDWDDQGWKHREMHFWRULHQWHGPLFURPDJQHWLFIUDPHZRUNWRVLPXODWHWKH*,6$16GDWD7KHPRGHOFDQEHFKDQJHGXQWLOWKHVLPXODWHGDQGPHDVXUHG*,6$16GDWDPDWFK2QFHDPRGHOLVREWDLQHGWKDWUHSURGXFHVWKHPHDVXUHG*,6$16SDWWHUQZHZLOOEHDEOHWRUHVROYHWKHGHSWKSURILOHRIWKHVN\UPLRQDQGFRPSDUHDJDLQVWWUDGLWLRQDOVN\UPLRQV7KLVZLOOVLJQLILFDQWO\DLGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVN\UPLRQVSLQWURQLFVDQGDFFHOHUDWHWKHLULPSOHPHQWDWLRQLQWRIXWXUHWHFKQRORJ\

2019 SURF Colloquium 83
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-RVHSK35DWK,,,

5RZDQ8QLYHUVLW\ 3K\VLFV'DWD$QDO\WLFV

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU3K\VLFV)XOO7LPH'DWD$QDO\VW

1&15&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU3K\VLFV

:LOOLDP5DWFOLII3DXO.LHQ]OH

7KH$SSOLFDWLRQVRI$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFHLQ1HXWURQ'LIIUDFWLRQ$QDO\VLV

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¶VHIILFLHQF\LQVDPSOLQJODUJHDFWLRQVSDFHV,QLWLDOUHVXOWVXVLQJWKLVDOJRULWKP\LHOGHGDSURPLVLQJRXWSXWLQOHDUQLQJDERXWDQH[DPSOHFU\VWDOVWUXFWXUHEXWIXUWKHUZRUNZLOOKDYHWREHGRQHWRSHUIHFWLW

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

6SHQFHU5RGJHUV

:HVW9LUJLQLD:HVOH\DQ&ROOHJH $SSOLHG3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

3K\VLFVRU(QJLQHHULQJ*UDG6FKRRO

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1HXWURQ&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU6FLHQFH*URXS

3DWULFN4XDUWHUPDQ

3URELQJ$QRPDORXV)LHOG([SXOVLRQLQ6XSHUFRQGXFWRU)HUURPDJQHWLF7KLQ)LOPV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 84
SURF Student Colloquium

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Emma Rogers Academic Institution: Tulane University Major: Biomedical EngineeringAcademic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Senior, B.S.E. Candidate

Future Plans(School/Career): 

Manufacturing engineer with biomedical electronics and microdevices

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group 

NIST Research Advisor:

Dr. David Hoogerheide 

Title of Talk: The Development of Bilayer Overtone Analysis for Measuring Protein and Ion ActivityAbstract:The ability to maintain homeostasis between constantly fluctuating internal and external environments is essential for sustaining life across all living species. These life processes are mediated through the physical andorganizational properties of the semipermeable lipid bilayer that forms the basic structure of the cell membrane. On a much smaller scale, the structure of the lipid bilayer governs the interaction of a wide range ofmembrane-associated proteins that are responsible for maintaining the gatekeeping function of the cell membrane from cell formation to cell death. However, the mechanisms by which many proteins associate withbilayer surfaces is insufficiently understood and such complex mechanisms are difficult to study with traditional solution-based biochemical methods. For these reasons, real-time measurements of protein interactions withlipid membranes are useful biophysical tools for characterizing particular classes of proteins that transiently associate and dissociate from the bilayer interface, like peripheral membrane proteins.Bilayer overtone analysis (BOA) is a complementary technique that can be used to analyze the response of a lipidbilayer subjected to an alternating electrical signal. The lipid bilayer can be functionally modeled as a deformable capacitor with a transmembrane potential that changes in response to the binding of charged species, such asbiological proteins or ions, to an exposed region of the bilayer surface. Changes in transmembrane potential can be measured to reveal the position, activity, and concentration of these membrane protein or ion interactions. Astandard BOA setup consists of a physical cell in which two chambers are electrochemically isolated by a Teflon partition with a 100 μm diameter perforation to provide an interface for the formation of the free-standing lipidbilayer. This cell is then electrically stimulated by a lockin amplifier, which can be used to measure the transmembrane electrical response at the first and second harmonics of the excitation wave.This project will establish a standard assembly of the BOA physical and electrical components, as well as theintegration of the setup with updated control software and data collection platforms. It will then be shown that standard control measurements can be acquired for divalent ions, which will then be used to standardize theeffect of small membrane-active phospholipases. These measurements will establish a quantitative basis for understanding the method by which membrane proteins and ions associate with lipid bilayers.

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$QGUHZ6HDPRQH

8QLYHUVLW\RI&RORUDGR%RXOGHU &LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ

VW<HDU*UDGXDWH6WXGHQW

$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ*UDGXDWH6WXGHQWDW8QLYHUVLW\RI0LFKLJDQ$QQ$UERU

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK5HDFWRU2SHUDWLRQVDQG(QJLQHHULQJ*URXS

'DQ\DO7XUNRJOX'DQLHO0DWWHV

7KHUPDO+\GUDXOLFV)HDVLELOLW\IRUDQ2SWLPL]HG8OWUD&RPSDFW1XFOHDU5HDFWRU

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 85
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5DFKHDO6SUXLOO

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG%DOWLPRUH&RXQW\ %LRORJ\%66RFLRORJ\%$

6HQLRUWK<HDU

)LQLVKLQJP\0DVWHU
VDQGODVW\HDURIXQGHUJUDGWKHQSXUVXLQJDQ0'3K'

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1HXWURQ&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU6FLHQFH*URXS

6XVDQD7HL[HLUD

685)LQJZLWK*UHHQ7HD:KDW1HXWURQV5HDGLQ7HD/HDYHV

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

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Washat Roxanne Ware Academic Institution: Fayetteville State University Major: Chemistry, Materials Science B.S. Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Junior

Future Plans (School/Career): 

Graduate School 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

NIST Center for Neutron Research, Neutron-Condensed Matter Science Group 

NIST Research Advisor: 

Dr. Antonio Faraone, Dr. Elizabeth Kelley 

Title of Talk: Using Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer and Lipid to Study the Cell MembraneAbstract: The lipid bilayer is one of the most important components of the cell membrane and plays a critical role providing

a barrier between the cytoplasm inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. These membranes are also soft, and 

their structure and dynamics are affected by the elasticity of the cytoskeletal network and the extracellular matrix

that surround the cell. Here we developed a model system to study how the properties of the surrounding matrix 

environment affects the lipid membrane dynamics. We used polyethylene glycol polymer solutions with well-defined viscoelastic properties to mimic the complexity of the cell environment. We characterized the properties of the polymer solutions with rheology, dynamic light scattering, and small angle neutron scattering. We then prepared liposome vesicles made from DMPC and DMPG in polyethylene glycol solutions of different concentrations and molecular weights. We measured the diffusion of the liposomes in the polymer solution and determined the rigidity and other mechanical properties of the liposome membrane as the viscosity of the surrounding medium is varied. We discovered that the viscosity of the polymer solution had significant impact onthe dynamics of the liposome vesicles. Knowing how the properties of a lipid bilayer are affected by its surroundings can help researchers better understand the cell membrane dynamics and may one day help others in the medical field find more efficient ways to deliver drugs. 

2019 SURF Colloquium 86
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DUN=LF

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

3XUVXHD3K'LQ3K\VLFV

1,67&HQWHUIRU1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1HXWURQ&RQGHQVHG0DWWHU6FLHQFH*URXS

1LFN%XWFK-XVFHOLQR/HmR

1HXWURQ6FDWWHULQJ6WXG\RID7ULSOHW6XSHUFRQGXFWRU

,QDVXSHUFRQGXFWRUHOHFWURQVZLWKRSSRVLWHVSLQW\SLFDOO\SDLULQDVLQJOHWVWDWH+RZHYHULQWKHUDUHFDVHWKDW&RRSHUSDLUVDUHERXQGLQWKHWULSOHWVWDWHIHUURPDJQHWLFIOXFWXDWLRQVKDYHEHHQSURSRVHGWRPDNHWKHVXSHUFRQGXFWRUXQXVXDOO\UHVLVWDQWWRWKHXVXDOGHWULPHQWDOHIIHFWVRIPDJQHWLFILHOGVOHDGLQJWRDQH[WUHPHO\ODUJHYDOXHRIWKHXSSHUFULWLFDOILHOG:HUHFHQWO\GLVFRYHUHGWULSOHWVXSHUFRQGXFWLYLW\LQWKHDFWLQLGHVXSHUFRQGXFWRU87Hၷ2IWKHIDPLOLDU

WULSOHWVXSHUFRQGXFWRUV85K*HDQG8&R*H87HၷGRHVQRWXQGHUJRDIHUURPDJQHWLFSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQ,QVWHDGWKHSDUDPDJQHWLFVWDWHLVH[SHFWHGWRKRXVHIHUURPDJQHWLFIOXFWXDWLRQV:HSUREHWKHVHIOXFWXDWLRQVLQDPDQQHUVLPLODUWRWKHFULWLFDOIOXFWXDWLRQVRIFRQYHQWLRQDOIHUURPDJQHWVZHH[DPLQH87HၷDERYHDSURSRVHGWUDQVLWLRQDW.DOVRNQRZQDVDTXDQWXPSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQ7KLVUHTXLUHVORZWHPSHUDWXUHVEHORZ.DQGKLJKPDJQHWLFILHOGVXSWR7LQRUGHUWRLQGXFHDFRUUHODWLRQDERYHWKHWUDQVLWLRQWHPSHUDWXUH6PDOODQJOHQHXWURQVFDWWHULQJ6$16DWHFKQLTXHXVHGWRREVHUYHPDJQHWLFFRUUHODWLRQVLQPDWHULDOVE\WDNLQJWKH)RXULHUWUDQVIRUPRIDPDJQHWLFVLJQDWXUHLQDUHDOVSDFHPDJQHWLFPDWHULDOLVLGHDOIRUSURELQJORQJUDQJHIHUURPDJQHWLFFRUUHODWLRQV,QWKLVWDON,ZLOOSUHVHQWRXUZRUNXVLQJ6$16WRVWXG\87Hၷ

2019 SURF Colloquium 87
2019 SURF Colloquium 88
First Name Last Name

Arjun Agarwal

Caroline Azadze

Adam Brewer

Julia Codere

Michael Doris

Jack Fletcher

Mark-yves Gaunin

Franklin Nicolas Gavilanez Villalta

Kathryn Gill

Liza Gunther

Matthew Ishimaru

Robert Kauffman

Caitlin Lee

Gillian Lee

Thomas Marsh

Elieser Mejia

Amber Meyers

Michelle Morris

Peter Orban

Jesus Perez

Nikita Podobedov

Guadalupe Quirarte

Tojo Rabemananjara

Heriniaina Rakotomanana

Holland Rhodd-Lee

Amberly Ricks

Russell Schwartz

Macrae Smith

Hristiana Stoynova

Benjamin Wade

Hunter Wages

Eli Weissler

PML SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 89
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$UMXQ$JDUZDO

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG $HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

$WWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRROUHVHDUFKLQJVSDFHHOHFWULFSURSXOVLRQ

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\2SWLFDO7HFKQRORJ\'LYLVLRQ*URXS'U*LOOLDQ1DYH

9DFXXP8OWUDYLROHW)RXULHU7UDQVIRUP6SHFWURVFRS\RI,URQ*URXS(OHPHQWV

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

WKHYDFXXPXOWUDYLROHW989UHJLRQ989OLJKWLVDEVRUEHGLQDLUUHTXLULQJ989)RXULHUWUDQVIRUPVSHFWURVFRS\WREHGRQHXQGHUKLJKYDFXXP7KHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIDVWURSK\VLFDOGDWDXVLQJPROHFXODUDQGDWRPLFVSHFWURVFRSLFGDWDDOVRUHTXLUHVKLJKO\DFFXUDWHPHDVXUHPHQWVUHVXOWLQJLQD)76WKDWPXVWEHDEOHWRSURYLGHGDWDZLWKYHU\ORZXQFHUWDLQWLHV%\FRPSOHWLQJWKH)76VHWXSZHZHUHDEOHWREHJLQPHDVXULQJWKHUHODWLYHLQWHQVLWLHVRIVSHFWUDOOLQHVLQLURQJURXSHOHPHQWVSHFWUDIRUDVWURSK\VLFDOO\UHOHYDQWUHIHUHQFHGDWDVXFKDVEUDQFKLQJIUDFWLRQV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

&DUROLQH$]DG]H

&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\ (OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRRO

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\4XDQWXP0HDVXUHPHQW'LYLVLRQ$SSOLHG(OHFWULFD

*HUDOG)LW]3DWULFN.DQJ/HH(XJHQH6RQJ

3HUIRUPDQFH0HDVXUHPHQWVRI6PDUW6HQVRULQ6PDUW*ULG

$VPDUWJULGLVDQHOHFWULFDOJULGZKLFKLQFOXGHVDQLQWHJUDWLRQRIDYDULHW\RIRSHUDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHVDQGHQHUJ\PHDVXUHVLQFOXGLQJVPDUWVHQVRUVVPDUWPHWHUVVPDUWDSSOLDQFHVUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVDQGHQHUJ\HIILFLHQWUHVRXUFHV(OHFWURQLFSRZHUFRQGLWLRQLQJDQGFRQWURORIWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWLRQRIHOHFWULFLW\DUHLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWVRIWKHVPDUWJULG&RQVHTXHQWO\HQJLQHHUVUHJXODUO\QHHGWRWHVWDQGFDOLEUDWHSRZHUTXDOLW\GHYLFHVVXFKDVVPDUWVHQVRUVWRHQVXUHWKDWLQSXWDQGRXWSXW

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 90
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$GDP%UHZHU

7KH*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

, SODQ WR KDYH D FDUHHU LQ &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ

30/1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ$OWHUQDWLYH&RPSXWLQJ0DUN6WLOHV

3URJUDPPLQJ$XWRPDWHG3URJUDPPLQJ

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

SODFHPHQWRIDSRZHUGLVWULEXWLRQJULGRQWRWKHFKLS7KLVSURJUDPZLOOGHFUHDVHWKHDPRXQWRIWLPHUHVHDUFKHUVKHUHDW1,67DVZHOODVDW*:8DQG80'KDYHWRVSHQGPDNLQJSDGIUDPHVZKLFKZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHDPRXQWRIWLPHWKH\FDQVSHQGGRLQJWKHDFWXDOUHVHDUFK

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-XOLD&RGHUH

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG 3K\VLFV

-XQLRU

,SODQWRSXUVXHDJUDGXDWHGHJUHHLQSK\VLFV

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQWV/DERUDWRU\4XDQWXP0HDVXUHPHQWV'LYLVLRQ$SSOLHG(OHFWUL

5LFKDUG6WHLQHU

$QDO\VLVRIWKH+DUPRQLFVRI'LVWRUWHG3RZHU:DYHVIURP6PDUW:DWWKRXU0HWHUV

6PDUWZDWWKRXUPHWHUVDUHXVHGE\XWLOLW\FRPSDQLHVWRUHDGHOHFWULFDOSRZHUVRWKDWFXVWRPHUVDUHFKDUJHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUHQHUJ\XVDJH7KHVHPHWHUVDUHGLJLWDOXQOLNHWKHDQDORJPHFKDQLFDOPHWHUVWKDWZHUHXVHGLQWKHSDVW7KHVPDUWPHWHUVPD\EHLQDFFXUDWHZKHQUHDGLQJWKHYROWDJHDQGFXUUHQWIURPQRQOLQHDUORDGVVXFKDVHOHFWURQLFVDQG/('OLJKWV$WHVWEHGRIGLIIHUHQWORDGVZDVSUHYLRXVO\FUHDWHGWR

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 91
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0LFKDHO'RULV

&DOLIRUQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\&KLFR 3K\VLFV	(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWH

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO3K'LQ3K\VLFV

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\5DGLDWLRQ3K\VLFV'LYLVLRQ1HXWURQ3K\VLFV

'U0LFKDHO*+XEHU

(OLPLQDWLQJ7KHUPDO*UDGLHQWV)RU1HXWURQ,QWHUIHURPHWU\

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

1HXWURQ5HVHDUFK1&15ZDVEXLOWWRLVRODWHWKHLQWHUIHURPHWHUIURPH[WHUQDODFRXVWLFVVHLVPLFYLEUDWLRQVDQGWHPSHUDWXUHYDULDWLRQV$OWKRXJKWKLVIDFLOLW\RIIHUHGVXSHULRULVRODWLRQDQGVWDELOLW\VPDOOWKHUPDOJUDGLHQWVDFURVVWKHFU\VWDOLQWHUIHURPHWHUKDYHSHUVLVWHG7KHVHWKHUPDOJUDGLHQWVDUHQRZWKHOHDGLQJV\VWHPDWLFLQQHXWURQLQWHUIHURPHWULFPHDVXUHPHQWV,QUHVSRQVHWRWKLVLVVXHDGGLWLRQDOSDVVLYHDQGDFWLYHWHPSHUDWXUHFRQWUROPHFKDQLVPVKDYHEHHQDGGHGWRWKH1,2))ROORZLQJWKH3%R[ZLWKLQD%R[ ́DSSURDFKWKHLQWHUIHURPHWHULVSODFHGZLWKLQDQLQVXODWHGHQFORVXUHHTXLSSHGZLWK3URSRUWLRQDO,QWHJUDO'HULYDWLYH3,'FRQWUROOHGKHDWLQJV\VWHPV7KLVWDONZLOOGHWDLOWKHUHVXOWVRIXVLQJDPRGLILHGDSSURDFKWR3,'FRQWUROLQDQDWWHPSWWRUHGXFHWKHUPDOJUDGLHQWVDFURVVWKHLQWHUIHURPHWHUDQGLPSURYHWKHUHOLDELOLW\DQGDFFXUDF\RIQHXWURQSKDVHPHDVXUHPHQWV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-DFN)OHWFKHU

0LVVRXUL8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFK 1XFOHDU(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

3K'5HVHDUFK DW QDWLRQDO ODERUDWRU\

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\'LYLVLRQ*URXS

6WHSKHQ(FNHO

/LWKLXP*UD\0RODVVHV

$QDEVROXWHVHQVRURIYDFXXPLVQHHGHGIRUWKHXOWUDKLJKYDFXXPWRH[WUHPHKLJKYDFXXPUHJLPH7KHSURSRVHGFROGDWRPYDFXXPVWDQGDUGUHODWHVWKHOLIHWLPHRIODVHUFRROHGOLWKLXPVHQVRUDWRPVFRQILQHGLQDPDJQHWLFWUDSWRWKHIUHTXHQF\RIWKHLUFROOLVLRQVZLWKDPELHQWJDVLQWKHYDFXXPVXEVHTXHQWO\SURYLGLQJDQDEVROXWHPHDVXUHPHQWRIWKHSUHVVXUHLQWKHFKDPEHU/DVHUFRROLQJRIOLWKLXPEHORZLWV'RSSOHUOLPLWȝ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

2019 SURF Colloquium 92
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DUN\YHV*DXQLQ

6DQ'LHJR6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJDQG3K\VLFV

8QGHUJUDGXDWH-XQLRU

3K'LQTXDQWXPLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVTXDQWXPGHYLFHFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ

30/1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ'LYLVLRQ$WRP6FDOH'HYLFH*URXS

*DUQHWW%U\DQW

$WRPLF6FDOH4XDQWXP3ODVPRQLFV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

)UDQNOLQ*DYLODQH]

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

&RPSOHWLQJXQGHUJUDGXDWHGHJUHHDQGSXUVXLQJDFDUHHULQSURGXFWGHYHORSPHQW

30/6HQVRU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ6XUIDFHDQG,QWHUIDFH0HWURORJ\*URXS

$ODQ=KHQJ

,QWHUFRPSDULVRQ6WXG\RI2SWLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW0HWKRGVIRU7RROPDUN$QDO\VLV

6SHQWFDUWULGJHFDVHVDQGWKHLUFRQQHFWLRQWRDVSHFLILFILUHDUPDUHDQLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWRIIRUHQVLFVFLHQFHDQGFULPHVFHQHHYLGHQFH8SRQHMHFWLRQRIDVSHQWFDUWULGJHFDVLQJIURPDILUHDUPWKHFDUWULGJHFDVLQJLVLPSUHVVHGZLWKYDULRXVFKDUDFWHULVWLFPDUNLQJVNQRZQDVWRROPDUNV7KHUHDUHFXUUHQWO\YDULRXV'WRSRJUDSK\PHDVXUHPHQWPHWKRGVVXFKDVGLVFVFDQQLQJFRQIRFDOIRFXVYDULDWLRQSKRWRPHWULFVWHUHRDQGSURJUDPPDEOHDUUD\FRQWLQXRXVFRQIRFDOPLFURVFRSH7KHXVHRIGLIIHUHQWPHWKRGVFDQLQWURGXFHYDULDWLRQLQWKHPHDVXUHGVXUIDFHRIDVSHQWFDUWULGJHFDVLQJ7KLVSURMHFWZLOOIRFXVRQDQLQWHUFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKH$OLFRQD,QILQLWH)RFXV1DQRIRFXVDQG(YR)LQGHUPHWURORJ\LQVWUXPHQWVZKLFKXVHIRFXVYDULDWLRQGLVNVFDQQLQJFRQIRFDODQGSKRWRPHWULFVWHUHRUHVSHFWLYHO\7RFRQGXFWWKHLQWHUFRPSDULVRQVWXG\WKHVWDWLVWLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVRIWKHVXUIDFHVPXVWEHPHDVXUHGDQGFRPSDUHG7RDFFRPSOLVKWKLVWKH&RQJUXHQW0DWFKLQJ&HOO&0&PHWKRG$HULDO&URVV&RUUHODWLRQIXQFWLRQ$&&)DQG6LJQDWXUH'LIIHUHQFH'VSDUDPHWHUVZLOOEHXVHG7KH&0&PHWKRGEUHDNVXSDUHIHUHQFHWRSRJUDSK\LQWRGLVFUHWHFHOOVDQGFRXQWVWKHQXPEHURIFRQJUXHQWFHOOVRQWKHFRPSDULVRQWRSRJUDSK\DFFRUGLQJWRVSHFLILHGWKUHVKROGV$KLJKHUDPRXQWRIFRQJUXHQWFHOOVZLOOFRUUHVSRQGWRDKLJKHUVLPLODULW\$&&)LVDVLOLODULW\FRPSDULVRQRIWKHHQWLUHDUHDRIHDFKWRSRJUDSK\VXFKWKDWLIWKH\DUHLGHQWLFDO$&&)ZLOOEH'VLVGHILQHGE\WKHWZRWRSRJUDSKLHVVXEWUDFWHGIURPHDFKRWKHUVXFKWKDWLIWKH\DUHLGHQWLFDO'VZLOOHTXDO]HUR8VLQJWKHVHWKUHHSDUDPHWHUVWKHVLPLODULW\RIWKHGLIIHUHQWPHDVXUHPHQWPHWKRGVFDQEHTXDQWLILHG

2019 SURF Colloquium 93
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

.DWKU\Q*LOO

(DVW&DUROLQD8QLYHUVLW\ %LR3URFHVV(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

3XUVXHDGHJUHHLQELRSKDUPDFHXWLFDOV

30/6HQVRU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ7KHUPRG\QDPLF0HWURORJ\

=HHVKDQ$KPHG

3KRWRQLF%LRFKHPLFDO6HQVRUVDQGWKHLUXVH

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

/L]D*XQWKHU

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 3K\VLFV

6RSKPRUH

*UDGXDWHVFKRRO

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ'LYLVLRQ$WRP

5LFKDUG6LOYHU

$WRP%DVHG6LOLFRQ4XDQWXP(OHFWURQLFV

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

&DSDFLWDQFHPRGHOLQJLVXVHGWRSUHGLFWGHYLFHHOHFWURVWDWLFVDWWKHDWRPLFVFDOH&RPSXWHUDLGHGGHVLJQDQG)DVW&DSFDOFXODWLRQVDUHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKDWSUHFLVHGHYLFHJHRPHWU\ZLOO\LHOGWKHGHVLUHGHOHFWURVWDWLFIXQFWLRQDOLW\7KHSUHVHQWJRDOLVWRFRQWUROFDSDFLWLYHFRXSOLQJEHWZHHQGHYLFHFRPSRQHQWVVRWKDWWKHUHOHYDQWHQHUJ\VFDOHVIRUTXELWRSHUDWLRQDUHDFFHVVLEOH2QFHWKHGHYLFHVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHG$WRPLF)RUFH0LFURVFRS\DQG3HDN)RUFH.HOYLQ0LFURVFRS\DUHXVHGWRHYDOXDWHDQGORFDWHWKHEXULHGDWRPLFVWUXFWXUHVLQVLOLFRQ&DSDFLWDQFHPRGHOLQJDQGPLFURVFRS\DUHWREHXVHGLQGHYHORSLQJWHVWLQJDQGFKDUDFWHUL]LQJWKHGHYLFHV

2019 SURF Colloquium 94
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DWWKHZ,VKLPDUX

%URZQ8QLYHUVLW\ 3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

3XUVXHD3K'LQSK\VLFVEHFRPHDQDVWURQDXW

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\

6XMLWUD3RRNSDQUDWDQD

6WDEOH)RXQGDWLRQVIRU4XDQWXP&RPSXWLQJ&KDUDFWHUL]LQJYDQGHU:DDOV0DWHULDOV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5REHUW.DXIIPDQ

-XQLDWD&ROOHJH 3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH 6FKRRO

30/4XDQWXP0HDVXUHPHQW/DVHU&RROLQJDQG7UDSSLQJ

,DQ6SLHOPDQ

$XWRPDWHG)LEHU&RXSOLQJZLWK0DFKLQH/HDUQLQJ2SWLPL]DWLRQ

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 95
SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019

 Name: Caitlin Lee 

Academic Institution: University of Maryland, College Park Major: Electrical Engineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): 

Sophomore 

Future Plans (School/Career): 

Obtain undergraduate degree, possibly attend graduate school 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: 

Physical Measurement Laboratory, Quantum Measurement Division, Fundamental Electrical Measurements Group 

NIST Research Advisor: 

Dean Jarrett 

Title of Talk: Improvements to the Dual Source Bridge System for Calibration of High Resistance 

Standards 

Abstract: The Metrology of the Ohm project is responsible for calibrating and maintaining resistance standards. Accurate calibration of high resistance standards requires the use of transfer standards, dual-source bridges, and precise low 

current measurements. The basis of this project is to begin the process of implementing updates to the present 

dual-source bridge system. One such update involves the possible replacement of the sources within the bridge. 

The linearity of a source is one indication of the source’s reliability; hence, linearity must be determined prior to 

implementation. This was accomplished by using an 8.5-digit digital multimeter to measure the voltage output, 

then comparing the measured output to the source’s nominal output at various voltages within each voltage range. The dual-source bridge system implements a voltage ramping algorithm, in which the outputs of the sources 

are gradually increased or decreased to the desired final voltages. The effect of voltage ramping on the settling 

time of the current was observed by measuring the null current through the bridge. Measurements were taken for 

both voltage polarities, as well as with and without ramping. In addition, the effects of various cable types on 

settling time were observed. LabVIEW applications were created to automate all data collection processes. The results of these experiments will indicate any abnormal or unexpected behavior, so that changes to the hardware 

and/or software of the bridge can be made. The main update to the calibration system involves the translation of the application software. The calibration algorithm, which includes instrument controls as well as calculations and 

collection of data, is currently written in VisualBasic, an outdated programming language that may no longer be 

supported or available on laboratory computers, thus motivating the transfer of the program into LabVIEW. 

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

*LOOLDQ/HH

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6RSKRPRUH

&RPSOHWH XQGHUJUDGXDWH GHJUHH FRQVLGHULQJ JUDGXDWH VFKRRO

30/0LFURV\VWHPVDQG1DQRWHFKQRORJ\'LYLVLRQ%LRPHGLFDO0LFURWHFKQRORJLHV*URXS

9HURQLND6]DODL

8VLQJ3RWHQWLRPHWU\WR'HWHUPLQH6SLQ&RQFHQWUDWLRQIRU(OHFWURQ3DUDPDJQHWLF5HVRQDQFH(356SH

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ĮȖ%LVGLSKHQ\OHQHȕ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

2019 SURF Colloquium 96
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7KRPDV0DUVK

+DPLOWRQ&ROOHJH 3K\VLFV&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

6HQLRU

$WWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRROWRSXUVXHD3K'LQ3K\VLFV

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\'LYLVLRQ1HXWURQ3K\VLFV*URXS

'DQLHO+XVVH\

$QDO\]LQJVSRWZHOGVWUDLQXVLQJ1HXWURQ%UDJJ(GJH7RPRJUDSK\

1HXWURQLPDJLQJLVDQLPSRUWDQWWRROIRUSURELQJWKHEXONVWUXFWXUHDQGSURSHUWLHVRIPDWHULDOVIRUDZLGHDUUD\RIUHVHDUFKDUHDV6LQFHQHXWURQVLQWHUDFWZLWKPDWHULDOSULPDULO\WKURXJKWKHVWURQJQXFOHDUIRUFHPDQ\PHWDOVWKDWFDQEHGLIILFXOWWRVWXG\XVLQJWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV2VXFKDV;UD\LPDJLQJ2DUHDEOHWREHDQDO\]HGXVLQJQHXWURQLPDJLQJ1HXWURQWRPRJUDSK\LVDIRUPRIQHXWURQLPDJLQJZKHUHLPDJHVDUHWDNHQDWKXQGUHGVRILQGLYLGXDODQJOHVDVDVDPSOHLVURWDWHGDQGWKHQDUHUHFRQVWUXFWHGXVLQJDILOWHUHGEDFNSURMHFWLRQDOJRULWKPWRFUHDWHDWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOLPDJHRIWKHVDPSOH¶VQHXWURQDWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQWLQWKUHHGLPHQVLRQV:HVHHNWRXVHQHXWURQWRPRJUDSK\WRDWWHPSWWRTXDQWLI\WKHVWUDLQFDXVHGE\LQGLYLGXDOVSRWZHOGVPDGHZLWKODVHUSXOVHVRIYDU\LQJSRZHUOHYHOVRQVWDLQOHVVVWHHOGLVNV%\JDWKHULQJQHXWURQWRPRJUDPVRYHUDUDQJHRIZDYHOHQJWKVZHDUHDEOHWRXWLOL]HWKHFKDQJHLQQHXWURQDWWHQXDWLRQGXHWR%UDJJVFDWWHULQJWRORFDWHWKH3%UDJJ(GJH ́DWHDFKSRLQWLQWKHVDPSOHZKLFKDOORZVXVWRPDSGHIRUPDWLRQVLQWKHFU\VWDOODWWLFH2XUPHWKRGDOORZVIRUDQHVWLPDWHRIWKHVWUDLQLQWKHVDPSOHDORQJWKHEHDPGLUHFWLRQWREHPDGHLQOHVVWLPHDQGZLWKDKLJKHUVSDWLDOUHVROXWLRQWKDQPRUHWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGVRIVWUDLQPHDVXUHPHQW7KHVWUDLQVFDXVHGE\DODVHUZHOGDUHRISDUWLFXODULPSRUWDQFHWRPHWDODGGLWLYHPDQXIDFWXULQJZKHUHODVHUZHOGVDUHXVHGWRHQWLUHO\IDEULFDWHPHWDOFRPSRQHQWV7KXVDQLQFUHDVHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHVWUDLQLQLQGLYLGXDOVSRWZHOGVFRXOGJLYHDQLQFUHDVHGNQRZOHGJHRIWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIDGGLWLYHO\PDQXIDFWXUHGFRPSRQHQWV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(OLHVHU0HMLD

9LUJLQLD7HFK (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

)LUVW<HDU0DVWHUV6WXGHQWDW9LUJLQLD7HFK

3K'LQ0DWHULDOV6FLHQFH	(QJLQHHULQJ5HVHDUFKHUDWD1DWLRQDO/DE

30/0LFURV\VWHPVDQG1DQRWHFKQRORJ\3KRWRQLFVDQG3ODVPRQLFV

$PLW$JUDZDO

1DQRVFDOH(QJLQHHULQJRI2SWLFDO5HVRQDQFHVXVLQJ0HWDVXUIDFHV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 97
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$PEHU0H\HUV

+RRG&ROOHJH &KHPLVWU\

6HQLRU

&DUHHULQWKHLQGXVWU\PD\EHJUDGXDWHVFKRRO

30/1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ1DQRVFDOH6SHFWURVFRS\

'U7HG+HLOZHLO

8OWUDIDVWODVHUVSHFWURVFRS\WRVWXG\SKRWRG\QDPLFVRIDV\PPHWULFK\GURJHQDVHV

,QQDWXUHVRPHEDFWHULDDUHDEOHWRHIILFLHQWO\SURGXFHK\GURJHQJDV>)H)H@K\GURJHQDVHVDUHWKH

HQ]\PHVWKDWFDWDO\]HWKHSURGXFWLRQRIK\GURJHQLQQDWXUH7KHVHHQ]\PHVZKLFKFRQWDLQLURQLQWKHLUDFWLYHVLWHDUHRIJUHDWLQWHUHVWEHFDXVHRIWKHLQFUHDVLQJQHHGWRGHYHORSDFKHDSHUVXEVWLWXWHIRUSODWLQXPDVDFDWDO\VWIRUK\GURJHQSURGXFWLRQ6\PPHWULFPRGHOFRPSRXQGVFRQWDLQLQJDOO&2OLJDQGVRUPL[HG&2&1DQG&230HOLJDQGVRQERWKLURQVLQWKHDFWLYHVLWHKDYHEHHQVWXGLHGH[WHQVLYHO\+RZHYHUWKLVZRUNZLOOH[DPLQHDV\PPHWULFPROHFXOHVFRQWDLQLQJPL[HG&2&1OLJDQGV>)Hȝ6&+&2&1@íDQG>)Hȝ6&+&2&1@í7KHDV\PPHWU\RIWKHVHPRGHOFRPSRXQGVPDNHVWKHUHGR[SRWHQWLDOVRIWKHWZRLURQDWRPVGLIIHUHQWWKHUHIRUHFKDQJLQJWKHFRPSRXQGVFDWDO\WLFSURSHUWLHV7KHPROHFXOHVDUHEHLQJVWXGLHGXVLQJQPDQGQP89SXPSSXOVHLQIUDUHGSUREHVSHFWURVFRS\LQRUGHUWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGKRZWKHK\GURJHQDVH
VDFWLYHVLWHLQWHUDFWVZLWKOLJKW6RIDUZHKDYHVWXGLHGXVLQJDQPSXPSSXOVHDQGREVHUYHGGLVWLQFWEOHDFKHVDURXQGDQGFP:HDOVRVDZQHZDEVRUSWLRQVDWDQGFP7KHEOHDFKHVDQGDEVRUSWLRQVGHFD\HGZLWKDWLPHFRQVWDQWRISV7KHUHLVVRPHHYLGHQFHRIUHVLGXDOVLJQDOUHPDLQLQJRXWWRSVHVSHFLDOO\ZLWKWKHEOHDFKDWFP:HDOVRWULHGSXPSLQJZLWKQPOLJKWEXWZHUHXQDEOHWRLGHQWLI\DQ\VLJQDOVVRIDU6WXGLHVRQXVLQJDQPSXPSSXOVHDUHFXUUHQWO\XQGHUZD\,QLWLDOUHVXOWVVKRZVLPLODUEHKDYLRUWR

(School/Career): 

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Michelle Morris Academic Institution: Virginia Tech Major: Biomedical Engineering Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): Sophomore Future Plans 

Graduate with a Bachelor's Degree in Biomedical Engineering 

NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Biology Group NIST Research Advisor: Dr. Arvind Balijepalli Title of Talk: 

Field Effect Transistors Offer a New Level of Sensitivity for Biological Measurements 

Abstract: 

 Field-effect transistors (FETs) have been the building blocks of microprocessors for decades. However, they 

have proven to be more versatile than their conventional application in computers. Due to their ability to amplify small signals, they have the potential to serve as precise sensors for a large variety of biological measurements. Since a majority of these biomolecular interactions are electrostatic, they can be directly detected by the chargesensitive FETs, allowing for label-free analysis that is quicker and safer than previous forms of biological 

measurements that rely on radioactive or fluorescent labeling. With precision medicine being at the forefront of healthcare research, the capacity to detect specific biological activity at physiological levels is an important advantage that can lead to an earlier diagnosis, and therefore a more effective treatment of diseases.

This summer, I characterized dual-gated FETs for use in biosensing measurements. The dual-gated design 

of the FETs allowed for a small charge applied to the top gate to be amplified by the back gate. I tested two different dual-gated FET devices: solid-state FETs and liquid-gated FETs. Both designs allowed for back-gate 

amplification of a signal applied to the top gate. However, the solid-state device’s top gate dielectric was formed by 

a metal oxide, while the liquid-gated device used an atomically-thin ionic liquid, allowing for higher sensitivity than 

that of the solid-state device. For the FETs to be reused, we conducted our biological experiments on an extension 

of the top gate. This allowed a separation of the biological components from the top gate dielectric. In this configuration, we were able to record pH values with a sensitivity of over seven times the Nernst value (~59 

mV/pH). The low noise of the recordings also allowed a pH resolution within 0.0164 of the actual value with 95% certainty. 

One of the key benefits of electronic measurements is their portability. Working towards the use of the dualgated FETs in clinical settings, we developed a portable FET-computer interface by using a Raspberry Pi. As a first 

step to developing this interface, we used an analog voltage output “hardware-on-top” (HAT) attached to the 

Raspberry Pi to apply a voltage to a FET and record its current. This interface will be employed to measure the activity of neuronal cells and is currently being further developed. 

2019 SURF Colloquium 98
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

3HWHU2UEDQ

6W0DU\
V&ROOHJHRI0DU\ODQG 0DWKHPDWLFVDQG3K\VLFV

6HQLRU

$WWHQGD3K'SURJUDPIRU$SSOLHG3K\VLFV

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\6HQVRU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ)OXLG0HWURORJ\*URXS

'U,RVLI6KLQGHUDQG'U$DURQ-RKQVRQ

,PSURYLQJ6WDFN)ORZ0HDVXUHPHQWVE\0DNLQJ7KHP)DVWHUDQG0RUH$FFXUDWH

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

-HVXV$OEHUWR3HUH]

8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD/RV$QJHOHV 3K\VLFV

,QFRPLQJJUDGXDWHVWXGHWQWIRUIDOO

3URIHVVRU

30/

-RVHSK.RSDQVNL

&2062/6LPXODWLRQVRI(OHFWURPDJQHWLF7HVW6WUXFWXUHV

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 99
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

1LNLWD3RGREHGRY

&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\ %LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO

30/0LFURV\VWHPVDQG1DQRWHFKQRORJ\'LYLVLRQ%LRPHGLFDO0LFURWHFKQRORJLHV*URXS

'U*UHJ&RRNVH\

5HSHDWHG)ORZ&\WRPHWU\0HDVXUHPHQWV$ORQJD6LQJOH0LFURIOXLGLF&KDQQHOLQDQ2SWRIOXLGLF&KLS

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

SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST – Gaithersburg, MD 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Guadalupe Quirarte Academic Institution: Harvey Mudd College Major: Joint Mathematics & Physics Academic Standing (Sept. ‘19): Senior Future Plans (School/Career): Attending graduate school to pursue a PhD in applied physics NIST Laboratory, Division, and Group: Physical Measurement Laboratory, Quantum Measurement Division, Atomic Spectroscopy NIST Research Advisor: Dr. Joseph Tan

Title of Talk: Developing and optimizing the optical system for observing transitions between metastable 

 states of highly charged ions created inside a mini-EBIT 

Abstract: 

Highly charged ions have special properties that are of interest in many disciplines including quantum 

information processing, development of ultraprecise atomic clocks at the one part in 1019 level of precision, and 

tests of fundamental physics. At NIST, an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) with a strong magnetic field of approximately 3 T is used to produced highly charged ions. However, there are limitations in this device that have resulted in the current development of a room-temperature, miniaturized-EBIT, or mini-EBIT. This mini-EBIT 

functions at a lower magnetic field of 0.29 T which is generated by using a pair of NdFeB permanent magnet rings, eliminating the use of cryogens and providing a more compact geometry. The mini-EBIT is more suitable for generating highly charged ions (HCIs) with relatively low ionization thresholds (up to around 1000 eV). Upon generating HCIs in the mini-EBIT, light emission from magnetic-dipole transitions is detected using an optical apparatus with a photomultiplier tube and counted with a multichannel scaler. We analyzed the pre-existing optical apparatus, built a truss system, and developed an optical simulation with the goal of improving robustness, minimizing light contamination, and focusing the light emitted by the highly charged ions more efficiently to the 

photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector within a surface area of 16.611±0.001 mm2. By applying this procedure and implementing this revised design, new ways of intra-EBIT lifetime measurements of metastable states of highly 

charged ions will be explored without extracting and isolating the ions in a different ion trap. As a first test, the metastable 2

P1/2 state of Ar9+ 1s22s2 2p5 will be measured and compared to the previous result of t = 9.31±0.08 ms, 

which was obtained by isolating the ions in a compact Penning trap. 

2019 SURF Colloquium 100
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

7RMR6WHYHQ5DEHPDQDQMDUD

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN &RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

*UDGXDWH6FKRRO8QGHFLGHG

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\'LYLVLRQ6XUIDFHDQG,QWHUIDFH0HWURORJ\

7KRPDV*HUPHU

&DPHUDDQG3URMHFWRU6\QFKURQL]DWLRQWR,PSURYH6,00,6SHHGDQG(IILFLHQF\

7KHREMHFWLYHRIP\SURMHFWKDVEHHQWRLPSURYHWKHWLPLQJDQGOLJKWXVDJHHIILFLHQF\RIRXUJURXS
V6WUXFWXUHG,OOXPLQDWLRQ0XHOOHU0DWUL[,PDJLQJ6,00,VHWXSFRPSULVHGRIDVRSKLVWLFDWHG3&2LPDJLQJFDPHUD'/3OLJKWSURMHFWRUOLTXLGFU\VWDOYDULDEOHUHWDUGHUVSRODUL]HUVDQG/95FRQWUROOHUVIRUWKH/&V7KHV\VWHPGHYLVHGE\RXUJURXSSULRUWRP\DUULYDOFRPELQHVVWUXFWXUHGLOOXPLQDWLRQZKLFKDOORZVIRUFRQWURORISKRWRQSHQHWUDWLRQGHSWKZLWK0XHOOHU0DWUL[,PDJLQJZKLFKFRPSOHWHO\FKDUDFWHUL]HVDJLYHQVDPSOH
VSRODUL]DWLRQSURSHUWLHVWRDFKLHYHFRQWUROOHGTXDQWLWDWLYHSRODUL]DWLRQDVVHVVPHQWRIDVDPSOHDWYDU\LQJWLVVXHGHSWKV7KHV\VWHPXVHGDYHU\KLJKFDPHUDH[SRVXUHWLPHRIPVLQRUGHUWRHQVXUHYLDEOHLPDJHGDWDWREHXVHGIRU6,00,DQDO\VLVZKLFKUHVXOWHGLQDQRYHUKHDGRIVHFRQGVWRDFTXLUHDIXOOVSDWLDOIUHTXHQF\VZHHSRIDVDPSOH1HXWUDOGHQVLW\ILOWHUVUDWHGIURPWRZHUHXVHGWRFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKHKLJKFDPHUDH[SRVXUHWLPHZKLFKGLVFDUGHGRIWKHOLJKWFRPLQJIURPWKHOLJKWSURMHFWRU2XUJURXSGUDVWLFDOO\DPHOLRUDWHGWKHH[LVWLQJVHWXSE\DEDQGRQLQJWKHQHXWUDOGHQVLW\ILOWHUVDQGLQVWHDGV\QFKURQL]LQJRXUFDPHUDWRRXUSURMHFWRUYLDDWULJJHUVHQWIURPWKH'/3WRWKH3&2FDPHUD7KHV\VWHPQRZXVHVDQH[SRVXUHWLPHRIQRPRUHWKDQPVGLVFDUGVQROLJKWFRPLQJIURPWKHSURMHFWRUDQGDFKLHYHVDIXOOVSDWLDOIUHTXHQF\VZHHSLQDURXQGVHFRQGV7KHORQJWHUPELJSLFWXUHJRDORIWKLVSURMHFWLVUHDOL]LQJUHDOWLPHDVVHVVPHQWRIWLVVXHYLDELOLW\LQDFOLQLFDOVHWWLQJDSSOLFDWLRQRIVXFKRSWLFDOWHFKQRORJ\ZRXOGEHUHODWLYHO\LQH[SHQVLYHDQGQRQLQYDVLYH

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+HULQLDLQD7HGG\5DNRWRPDQDQD

8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH'LVWULFWRI&ROXPELD 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

*UDGXDWHVFKRRO3XUVXHFDUHHULQUHVHDUFK

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\'LYLVLRQ1DQRVFDOH0HWURORJ\*URXS

$QGUDV9ODGDUDQG.DWH.OHLQ

)DEULFDWLRQRID+HOLXP,RQ0DFKLQHG1DQRFKDQQHO'HYLFH

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

2019 SURF Colloquium 101
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+ROODQG5KRGG/HH

:HOOHVOH\&ROOHJH 1HXURVFLHQFHDQG0XVLF

*UDGXDWHGIURP:HOOHVOH\&ROOHJHLQ0D\

,SODQRQDWWHQGLQJJUDGXDWHVFKRROLQWKHIDOORI

30/0LFURV\VWHPVDQG1DQRWHFKQRORJ\JURXS

'U0DQG\(VFK

0HDVXULQJ(QGRWKHOLDO0ROHFXODU7UDQVSRUW8VLQJD3XPSOHVV0LFURIOXLGLF6\VWHP

+XPDQXPELOLFDOYHLQHQGRWKHOLDOFHOOV+89(&DUHSURPLQHQWLQHQGRWKHOLDOUHVHDUFK0RQROD\HUVRIWKHFHOOVDUHDQLGHDOODEPRGHOIRUVWXG\LQJWKHSDWKRORJ\RIWKHHQGRWKHOLDOOLQLQJRIEORRGDQGO\PSKDWLFYHVVHOVLQDGGLWLRQWRWUDQVSRUWRIVXEVWDQFHVDFURVVFHOOOD\HUV:KHQVXEMHFWHGWRIOXLGLFIORZWKH\IRUPDOLJQHGFRQIOXHQWFHOOOD\HUVWKDWPLPLFWKHSK\VLFDODQGELRORJLFDOEDUULHUVIRXQGLQYLYR7KLVSUHVHQWDWLRQIRFXVHVRQWKHSXPSOHVVPLFURIOXLGLFGHYLFHZHKDYHGHVLJQHGDQGGHYHORSHGWRPLPLFWKHWUDQVSRUWRIGUXJVDFURVVDQHQGRWKHOLDOFHOOOD\HU:HDLPWRGHPRQVWUDWHKRZWKHVHSXPSOHVVGHYLFHVDUHHDV\WRXVHDQGDOORZIRUKLJKO\SDUDOOHORSHUDWLRQFRPSDUHGWRFRQYHQWLRQDOSXPSHGGHYLFHV

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

$PEHUO\5LFNV

$UL]RQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

*UDGXDWHVWXGHQW

%HJLQP\PDVWHUVGHJUHHLQHOHFWULFDOHQJLQHHULQJDW$UL]RQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRU\1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ'LYLVLRQ1DQR

'U(PLO\%LWWOH

(OHFWULFDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRI'177EDVHG2UJDQLF)LHOG(IIHFW7UDQVLVWRUV

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ƍƍI@WKLHQR>E@WKLRSKHQH'177ZKLFKLVDKLJKSHUIRUPLQJVPDOOPROHFXOHRUJDQLFVHPLFRQGXFWRU(OHFWULFDOWHVWLQJFRPSDUHVIOLFNHUQRLVHDQG3WXUQRQ ́EHKDYLRULQ2)(7VZLWKWZRGLIIHUHQWGLHOHFWULFLQWHUIDFHVVSHFLILFDOO\EHWZHHQVLOLFRQGLR[LGHDQGDIOXRURSRO\PHU7KLVFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQSURYLGHVLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHWUDSGHQVLW\RIFKDUJHFDUULHUVDWWKHLQWHUIDFHEHWZHHQ'177DQGWKHGLHOHFWULF7KHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVFODULI\KRZWKHGHYLFHVFDQEHVWEHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWRXVHIXODSSOLFDWLRQVDQGLOOXPLQDWHKRZWKHGHYLFHVFDQEHLPSURYHG$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHVHSDUDPHWHUVSURYLGHDPHWULFIRURUJDQL]LQJDQGLGHQWLI\LQJWKHVHPDWHULDOVIRUIXWXUHVWDQGDUGL]HGXVH

2019 SURF Colloquium 102
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

5XVVHOO6FKZDUW]

7KH*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ8QLYHUVLW\ (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

-XQLRU

2EWDLQ D 0DVWHU
V GHJUHH LQ (OHFWURQLFV 3KRWRQLFV DQG 0(06

30/1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ$OWHUQDWLYH&RPSXWLQJ*URXS'U%ULDQ+RVNLQV

&ORVHGORRSXSGDWHDOJRULWKPIRU1HXURPRUSKLF$,$FFHOHUDWRUV

$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH$,LVUDSLGO\EHFRPLQJRQHRIWKHPRVWSURPLQHQWILHOGVIRUERWKUHVHDUFKDQGLQGXVWU\$V$,WDVNVJHWPRUHFRPSOLFDWHGFRPSXWDWLRQDOSRZHUTXLFNO\EHFRPHVDQLVVXHZLWKWKHVROXWLRQEHLQJGHGLFDWHGKDUGZDUHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVIRU$,1HXURPRUSKLFV\VWHPVEDVHGRQDQDORJ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

0DFUDH$OH[DQGHU6PLWK

3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\ (OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ

6HQLRU

3XUVXH0DVWHUV'HJUHH

30/6PDUW*ULG7HVWEHG

$OOHQ*ROGVWHLQ

3URYLGLQJD'LJLWDO)UDPHZRUNIRU7HVWEHG5HVHDUFK:LWK/DE9,(:

5HVHDUFKLVJURZLQJHYHUUHOLDQWRQXVLQJGLJLWDOV\VWHPVWRFRPSOLPHQWLIQRWIXOO\UHSODFHDQDORJXHRQHV+RZHYHUZKHQGLJLWDOLQVWUXPHQWVDUHSURGXFHGIURPGLIIHUHQWPDQXIDFWXUHUVWKH\DUHRIWHQHDFKGHVLJQHGWRKDYHFRPSOHWHO\XQLTXHRSHUDWLQJFRQWUROVPDNLQJVLPXOWDQHRXVO\XWLOL]LQJVHYHUDORIWKHVHGHYLFHVFXPEHUVRPH)RUWXQDWHO\WKHUHH[LVWVDVHWRIVWDQGDUGLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQSURJUDPPLQJLQWHUIDFHV$3,VWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOYLUWXDOLQVWUXPHQW,9,VWDQGDUGV5HVHDUFKHUVPD\RIWHQQHHGWRFUHDWHFRGHLQRUGHUWRKDYHWKHLUWHVWEHGHTXLSPHQWSHUIRUPVSHFLILFWDVNV&RGLQJWKHVHWDVNVLVRIWHQDWLPHFRQVXPLQJSURFHVVIUDXJKWZLWKGHEXJJLQJDQGWKLVFDQDOOEHDPDMRUKXUGOHWKDWGHOD\VUHVHDUFKHUVIURPFRPSOHWLQJWKHLUH[SHULPHQWV,QDQHIIRUWWRTXLFNO\FRPSOHWHWKHLUZRUNUHVHDUFKHUVPD\RYHUORRNUHXVDELOLW\IOH[LELOLW\RUUREXVWHUURUKDQGOLQJ7RKHOSUHGXFHWKHRYHUKHDGQHHGHGIRUFRGLQJDVZHOODVWRUHPRYHWKHFRPSOH[LW\RIVLPXOWDQHRXVO\RSHUDWLQJVHYHUDOFRPSHWLQJLQVWUXPHQWVRIWZDUHDQRSHQVRXUFH/DE9,(:IUDPHZRUNLVEHLQJFUHDWHGWREHXVHGE\UHVHDUFKHUV7KLV,9,FRPSOLDQWIUDPHZRUNLVGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHLQWHJUDWHGFRQWURORIDOOWHVWEHGHTXLSPHQWIURPRQHFHQWUDOL]HGKXE,WLVPRGXODUKLJKO\FRQILJXUDEOHIHDWXUHVDUREXVWHUURUKDQGOLQJV\VWHPDQGFDQEHVHWWRDXWRPDWLFDOO\UXQH[SHULPHQWVIRUWKHXVHU,QWKLVSUHVHQWDWLRQZHZLOOEHFRYHULQJWKHFRQFHSWVEHKLQGWKLVVRIWZDUHWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIRQHRILWVPRGXOHVDQGFXUUHQWDQGIXWXUHFDSDELOLWLHV

2019 SURF Colloquium 103
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+ULVWLDQD6WR\QRYD

&81<+XQWHU&ROOHJH (QYLURQPHQWDO6WXGLHV

6HQLRU

3XUVXLQJDFDUHHULQ8UEDQ(FRORJ\

30/6HQVRU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ5HPRWH6HQVLQJ*URXS

'DYLG$OOHQ

5HGXFLQJ8QFHUWDLQWLHVLQ&DUERQ6WRUDJHDQG)OX[HV$)RFXVRQ-DSDQHVH6WLOWJUDVV

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

%HQ:DGH

8QLYHUVLW\RI0DU\ODQG&ROOHJH3DUN 3K\VLFVDQG$VWURQRP\

6HQLRU

$WWHQGJUDGXDWHVFKRROLQSK\VLFVRUDVWURQRP\

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQWV/DERUDWRU\1DQRVFDOH'HYLFH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ'LYLVLRQ1DQ

&KDUOHV.LQ&KHXQJ3UDJ\D6KUHVWKD

+LJK%LW5DWH6ROLG6WDWH4XDQWXP5DQGRP1XPEHU*HQHUDWLRQ

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

XVHLQVHFXUHHQFU\SWLRQ

2019 SURF Colloquium 104
^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

+XQWHU:DJHV

:RIIRUG&ROOHJH 0DWKHPDWLFVDQG3K\VLFV

*UDGXDWH6FKRRODW:DNH)RUHVW

3K' LQ $SSOLHG 0DWKHPDWLFV

30/6HQVRU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ/%,5JURXS

6RORPRQ:RRGV

7KHUPDO,PDJLQJ$Q(QGWR(QG6LPXODWLRQ

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

^hZ&^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŽůůŽƋƵŝƵŵ

E/^dʹ'ĂŝƚŚĞƌƐďƵƌŐ͕D

ƵŐƵƐƚρͲε͕ϮϬϭε

EĂŵĞ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶ͗ DĂũŽƌ͗ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;^ĞƉƚ͚͘ϭεͿ͗&ƵƚƵƌĞWůĂŶƐ;^ĐŚŽŽůͬĂƌĞĞƌͿ͗E/^d>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ'ƌŽƵƉ͗E/^dZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͗dŝƚůĞŽĨdĂůŬ͗ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗

(OL:HLVVOHU

+DUYH\0XGG&ROOHJH 3K\VLFV

*UDGXDWHG0D\


, SODQ WR ZRUN DV D VFLHQWLVW DW $UHWp $VVRFLDWHV

3K\VLFDO0HDVXUHPHQW/DE4XDQWXP0HDVXUHPHQW4XDQWXP2SWLFV*URXS

=DFKDU\/HYLQH

3KRWRQ(FKR%DVHG4XDQWXP0HPRU\

4XDQWXPQHWZRUNVKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWRUHYROXWLRQL]HVHFXUHFRPPXQLFDWLRQE\HQFRGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKHSURSHUWLHVRILQGLYLGXDOOLJKWSDUWLFOHVLHSKRWRQV2QHRIWKHELJJHVWFKDOOHQJHVLQEXLOGLQJWKHVHQHWZRUNVLVVHQGLQJTXDQWXPFRUUHODWHGRUHQWDQJOHGSKRWRQVRYHUORQJGLVWDQFHV7REHHIIHFWLYHWKHUHQHHGVDKLJKGHJUHHRIHQWDQJOHPHQWEXWWKHVHFRUUHODWLRQVGHFD\H[SRQHQWLDOO\ZLWKGLVWDQFHRYHUH[LVWLQJILEHURSWLFFKDQQHOV5HVHDUFKHUVKDYHSURSRVHGXVLQJVSHFLDOUHSHDWHUVWRERRVWHQWDQJOHPHQWDORQJWKHZD\EXWWKH\UHTXLUHD3TXDQWXPPHPRU\ ́WKDWFDQVWRUHLQGLYLGXDOSKRWRQVZLWKOLWWOHWRQRORVV1RVXFKGHYLFHH[LVWVWRGD\:HPRGHODPHPRU\EDVHGRQ3SKRWRQHFKRV ́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́2XUZRUNKLJKOLJKWVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRISHULRGLFLW\RISKDVHDVZHOODVDPSOLWXGHRIWKHGULYLQJSXOVHDQGSURPLVHVWRRSWLPL]HWKHVSHFWUDOFRQWHQWRIWKHPRGXODWLRQWRPDNHEHWWHUFRPEVDQGFUHDWHWKHPIDVWHU

2019 SURF Colloquium 105
2019 SURF Colloquium 106
First Name Last Name

Samantha Gibson

Sue Lee

TPO SURF Participants

2019 SURF Colloquium 107
11 I SURF Student Colloquium 

NIST- Gaithersburg, MD 

- ol. 

August 5-9, 2019 

Name: Samantha Gibson 

Academic Institution: The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff I Major: Biology 

Academic Standing 

Senior 

(Sept. '19): 

Future Plans 

Purse and M.D./Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. 

(School/Career): 

NIST Laboratory, 

Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) and Technology Discovery Office (TDO) Division, and Group: 

NIST Research 

Paul Zielinski Advisor: 

Title of Talk: 

Technology transfer development at NIST and the Technology Discovery Office 

Abstract: 

The mission ofNIST's Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) is to promote US competitiveness, for 

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Department of Commerce (DOC). TPO 

arranges agreements called Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) to aid 

collaboration with non-federal parties, manages NIST intellectual property such as patents and licenses, 

key player in enabling the commercialization of NIST R&D. In August 2018, NIST established the 

Technology Discovery Office (TDO) to focus on improving the discoverability of NIST research. 

TDO's goals are to create a NIST scientist profile system, produce executive summaries on NIST 

inventions, and compile weekly tech transfer news articles. Several biography websites and profile tools 

were compared to determine necessary requirements and complementary features of the NIST profile 

system. A comparative analysis of existing solutions was performed to narrow down the products and 

forms were filled out for NIST scientists to place information inside of a database allowing them to be 

found easier. Creation of executive summaries enables NIST's ability to inform companies and 

manufacturers about the benefit of the new inventions. Weekly reports on technology transfer news and 

event reports are created to provide information on the newest technology transfer information to NIST 

scientists and the public. With the mission of enhancing the discovery of NIST research and technologies 

by government, industry, academia, and the general public, and assisting technology transfer leading to 

commercialization, we have contributed to the development of the TDO in its early stages. In completion, 

there was a connection established between NIST scientists and the public, economic opportunities could 

be created, and possible life-saving technology transfer opportunities became easily accessible. 

SURF Studen

NIST- Gaith

August 5

Academic Institution: Carnegie Mellon University 

Future Plans 

(School/Career): 

Pursuing a Career in Human Computer Int

NIST Laboratory, 

Division, and Group: 

Technology Partnerships Office, Techn

NIST Research 

Advisor: 

Title ofTalk: 

Abstract: 

Paul Zielinski 

Technology Transfer Development at N

The mission ofNIST's Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) 

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the 

arranges agreements called Cooperative Research and Develop

collaboration with non-federal parties, manages NIST intellectu

key player in enabling the commercialization of NIST R&D. In 

Technology Discovery Office (TDO) to focus on improving th

TDO's goals are to create a NIST scientist profile system, prod

inventions, and compile weekly tech transfer news articles. Sev

were compared to determine necessary requirements and comp

system. A comparative analysis of existing solutions was perfo

forms were filled out for NIST scientists to place information i

found easier. Creation of executive summaries enables NIST' s 

manufacturers about the benefit of the new inventions. Weekly 

event reports are created to provide information on the newest 

scientists and the public. 

With the mission of enhancing the discovery of NIST research 

academia, and the general public, and assisting technology tran

contributed to the development of the TDO in its early stages. I

established between NIST scientists and the public, economic o

possible life-saving technology transfer opportunities became e

2019 SURF Colloquium 108
SURF 

2019