User: User:

Biometrics and the PIV 

C. L. Wilson and Patrick Gr

Image Group

IAD-ITL
What are HSPD-12, PIV Ca

201, SP 800-76 and SP 8

• HSPD-12 - Homeland Security Preside

12, August 27, 2004

• PIV - is the card required government 

provide Personnel Identification Verifiagencies as required by HSPD-12

• FIPS 201 is the standard for PIV cards • SP 800-76 is the NIST document conta

biometric specifications for FIPS 201

• SP 800-73 is the NIST document conta

interface specifications for FIPS 201
Basic Functions for PIV 

• Registration

– FBI background check– Uses existing FBI EFTS transactions

• Card to User

– Biometric verification at issuance – Both mandatory and optional biometrics

• Verification

– Logical and physical access – Match biometric to card– Match to database with card as token
FIPS-201, SP 800-

• All biometric specifications from FIPS-201 

moved to NIST Special Pub. 800-76.

• Two fingerprints are mandatory on the card• Enrollment is with a face and ten segmente• Existing FBI transactions are used for enrol

is not required to be retained by the issuer.

• Card fingerprints are stored in an M1 forma

wrapper.

• FIPS 201 was published February 25, 2005
Biometric Data on PIV C

M

Card 

Personalization

Facial Image

Card 

Personalization

The two Index 

fingerprints

E

Ten slap (flat) PIV Registration

fingerprints

When 

Captured/

Location

Type of Data
Data Quality Requirements – Ten F

NFIQ Leve7151)

Specification of Image 

Quality

Compression Algorithm WSQ

Pixel Depth 256 Graysc

Resolution 500 ppi

Codes 13,1ANSI/NIST CJIS-RS-0

Four Left-Hand Fingers 

Four Right-Hand Fingers 

Two Thumbs

Characteristic Stand
Data Quality Requirements –Two I

Characteristic Standard/MetricTwo Index Fingers Two instances o

381-2004

Interchange Format CBEFF INCITS Resolution 500 ppiPixel Depth 256 Grayscale lCompression Algorithm

WSQ
Data Quality Requirements –Facial 

Characteristic Stand

Full-frontal Image INCITS 385

Encoding sRGB

Image Width/Height 420 by 56

Inner Region Width/Height > 336 by 42

Resolution Eye-to-eye 

Compression Algorithm Baseline JP

2000 Max 
How Were These 

Recommendations Dec

• Both the Patriot Act and HSPD-

schedules require COTS solution

• Competitive multi-vendor solutio

needed.

• The biometric components must 

an integrated interoperable syste

• NIST must test these component

Daubert (expert witness) standar
Why Face and Fingerp

• ICAO specified face, fingerprint• Large operational quality sample

and fingerprint data are available 

• No equivalent sample of vendor-

data exists.

• Face and fingerprints can operate 

Failure to Acquire rates. This ratunknown for iris.
Image Size Issue

• Image on the cards.

– Available space is less than 20K– Both image size and compression 

tested to get the two fingerprints dor less

• Face is not required on the card.• Biometric data is passed across c

mandatory contact interface.
Minimum 1:1

Fingerprint Image Si

• Image sizes from 368 by 368 dow

by 180 were tested and compressfrom no compression up to 30 to tested.

• Image sizes below 320 by 320 sh

used. Image compression in the to 1 produces minimal effects on matching accuracy.


Image Size Effect on TAR a

0.001 for 368 DOS-C 

Image Size Right finger Left 

368320280200180

0.9860.9810.9710.8390.762

00000
Compression Effect on TAR a

0.001 for 320 POE da

Compression Right finger L

Ratio

15 0.990 20 0.983 25 0.978