*This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

FEB 25 1999

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

KENNETH SINOR,

Petitioner - Appellant, No. 98-2272

v. (D. New Mexico)

TIM LEMASTER, Warden, New

Mexico State Penitentiary;

ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE

STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

Respondents - Appellees.

(D.C. No. CR-98-430-SC)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before ANDERSON , KELLY , and BRISCOE , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
1Although we take this date from Sinor’s certificate of mailing, we do not

consider whether New Mexico law applies any mailbox rule to such state court

filings. 

Kenneth Sinor seeks a certificate of appealability in order to appeal from

the district court’s dismissal of his petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to

28 U.S.C. § 2254. He also seeks leave to proceed in forma pauperis. Because

Sinor has failed to make “a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional

right,” we deny his application for a certificate of appealability and dismiss this

appeal. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).

While he was a parolee of the New Mexico Department of Corrections,

Sinor was arrested on new charges. Following his arrest, he was confined to the

county jail, and a parole “hold” was issued. Sinor escaped from the county jail,

was captured, and subsequently was charged with the crime of escape from a

penitentiary. He moved to dismiss, arguing that he was not in the custody of the

penitentiary at the time of his escape, and that, therefore, the charge was

improper. The state trial court denied his motion, and he then pleaded guilty,

reserving the right to appeal the court’s ruling. His conviction was entered on

December 14, 1989. He appealed, and those proceedings were concluded with the

New Mexico Supreme Court’s denial of his petition for certiorari on April 26,

1990. On April 5, 1997, Sinor mailed a habeas petition to state court. 1

 After the

petition was denied, Sinor sought a writ of certiorari, which the New Mexico

Supreme Court denied on August 15, 1997. Sinor then filed his federal petition
2The relevant dates suggest that the state could have raised a statute of

limitations defense, although it did not make such an argument, either in the

district court or to us. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d); see also Hoggro v. Boone, 150

F.3d 1223, 1226 (10th Cir. 1998); United States v. Simmonds, 111 F.3d 737, 746

(10th Cir. 1997). We have previously recognized the power of both the district

court and this court to raise sua sponte certain nonjurisdictional bars in habeas

cases, when doing so furthers “judicial efficiency.” United States v. Allen, 16

F.3d 377, 378-79 (10th Cir. 1994). However, inasmuch as we may efficiently

dispose of this matter on the arguments actually made to us, we do not now

address the issue of whether, and under what circumstances, a court may apply

sua sponte a § 2244 statute of limitations bar.

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on April 13, 1998, 2 contending that he was charged under the wrong statute and

that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The magistrate judge

recommended that Sinor’s petition be denied on the merits. Sinor filed

objections, following which the district court conducted a de novo review and

adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendations.

On appeal, Sinor’s primary argument concerns the alleged misapplication of

state law. However, § 2254 federal habeas corpus relief is available only to those

held in state custody in violation of federal constitutional or statutory law; it is

not available to remedy alleged violations of state law. See Estelle v. McGuire ,

502 U.S. 62, 67-68 (1991); Richmond v. Embry , 122 F.3d 866, 870 (10th Cir.

1997), cert. denied , 118 S. Ct. 1065 (1998). “[I]t is not the province of a federal

habeas court to reexamine state-court determinations on state-law questions. In

conducting habeas review, a federal court is limited to deciding whether a

conviction violated the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” 
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Estelle , 502 U.S. at 67-68. Therefore, we do not consider Sinor’s claims based on

violations of state law.

Sinor also alleges that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance. In

his brief to us, Sinor’s sole basis for this claim is that “[t]he public defender in

Chavis County has never won a case,” and he complains that no hearings were

held to establish the facts. Appellant’s Br. at 12. In order to prevail on a claim

of ineffective assistance of counsel, Sinor must show that counsel’s performance

was deficient and that counsel’s errors prejudiced the defense. Strickland v.

Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Sinor’s brief to us gives no facts or acts

which establish any deficiency or prejudice in his case, and, thus, he has made no

showing of ineffectiveness. We note, however, that the magistrate judge

considered the ineffectiveness claim to relate to an alleged failure of counsel to

raise the substantive issue regarding the allegedly improper charge against Sinor. 

In any event, the state record demonstrates that 1) Sinor’s counsel filed timely and

thorough motions regarding the issue, and 2) this claim was fully considered and

reviewed in New Mexico state courts. Thus, Sinor has failed to demonstrate

ineffectiveness regarding this issue.

We GRANT Sinor’s application to proceed in forma pauperis. For the

reasons stated, we DENY the certificate of appealability and DISMISS the appeal. 

ENTERED FOR THE COURT
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Stephen H. Anderson

Circuit Judge