### NUM BER 13-09- 0018 7-CR 

## COURT OF A PP EA LS T H I R T E E N T H D I S T R I C T O F T E X AS CORPUS CHRI ST I - 

## E D I N B U R G
JU A N VILL A RR EA L, A pp ellan t,
v. TH E ST A

TE OF TE XAS, A pp ellee.
On a p p ea l f ro m th e 31 9t h D is tr ic t C o u rt of N ue ces Co un ty , T exas . 

## ME MOR A N D U M OP I N I ON B efo re J u st ic es Y añ ez , R o d rig u ez , a n d G arza M em o ra n d u m Op in io n b y J u st ic e Ga rza Appel lan t, Juan Vi ll ar re al, w as conv ic ted o f tw elv e c ounts of ag g ra v ated sex ual
ass aul t of a c h ild , a first- deg re e felony , and tw o c ounts of ind ecency w it h a c hil d, a
sec ond- deg re e felony

. See T EX
. P EN AL C OD E A NN
. §§ 2 1.1 1, 22 .02 1 (Verno n Sup p. 20 09). V i l l a r r e a l e n t e r e d “ o p e n ” p l e a s o f g u i l t y t o e a c h c o unt and w as s e n t e n c e d t o l i fe imp risonm ent for each of the aggrav ate d sexual assau lt coun ts and ten years’ impr is onment for

both i ndece n cy wit h a c hil d c ounts , w it h the se ntenc es to r un
concu rrently. By

a single i ssue, V illarreal co nte nds tha t his guilty pleas were inv olun tary becau se the t ri al cour t fail ed to admoni sh him that he w as ine li g ibl e for communi ty
s up er v i s i on
. W e affi r m. I. B A CKGRO UND Vi ll ar re al w as ind ic ted b y a Nuec es Coun ty

grand jur

y on N ov ember

28, 2008. On2

Ma rc h 6, 2009, Vi ll ar re al entered pl eas of gu il ty as to all co u n ts a nd fil ed a “M oti on for Com mu nity Sup erv ision,” w hich sta ted in part as follows: I req uestthat the Court defer f urther proce edi ng s in myca se and notente r a findi ng or

j udg ment of g uil t. If the Cou rtg ra nts my r eq uest , I understa nd tha t I w ill be on com mu nity supe rv ision w ithou t a f inding of guilty [sic]. I also understa nd th at i f I v iol ate a ny co ndi ti on of

m y community

super v is ion , I may be ar re ste d and re turne d t o this C our t for a hear ing , and the Cou rtmay re v oke myco mmunity

su per v is ion , find me g uil ty and sent ence me up t o the max imum t er m of puni shmentfor the off ense to w hic h I entered by pl ea. .
. . Vi l l a r r e a l a l s o s i g n e d a fo r m a d v i s i n g h i m a s t o t h e v a r i o u s c o n s e q u e n c e s o f his g uil ty plea s, w hich includ ed th e followi ng adm onish me nts: Community

Superv ision. If y ou fil ed a moti on for communi ty su per v is ion (f o rm e rl y kn o wn a s p ro b a t io n ), yo u m u s t s t a t e u n d e r oa t h wh e t h e r you h a ve ev er before been c onv icte d o f a felo ny

or pl aced on felony

co mmunity super v is ion or probati on i n thi s S tate, a n y o ther St ate, or by the Uni ted Stat es; if y ou hav e a pr ior cri minal record, then y ou mus t di sc los e any pr ior fel on y c on v i c ti on or c om mu ni ty s up er v i s i on or prob at i on
. The C ou rt w ill cons ide r y our

m oti on for

co mmunity

su per v is ion , butthere i s n o g uar antee tha t the Court w ill place y ou o n com mu nity supe rv ision; th e Court w ill ma ke its ow n de cision w het her to p lace you on com mu nity supe rv ision, regardless of anyr ecommendat ion s made by the Stat e or

y our att or ney
. . . . Deferre d Adj udication. If y ou request thatthe Cou rt def er adjud ication in y our ca se and i f the C our

t g ra nts y our

r eq uest , the C our

t w il l find th at t he ev ide nce subs tanti ates y our g uil t for the off ense to w hic h y ou ent er ed y our ple a, w il l defer an adj udi cat ion of g uil t, and w il l pla ce y ou on communi ty super v is ion

. If y ou s ucc ess f u lly c o mplet e the per iod of communi ty super v is ion , thi s caus e w il l be dis mis sed and y ou w il l hav e no conv ic ti on.
. . . Peri od o f Co mmunit yS up erv isio n in Sex Of fe nse Cas es. In a case inv olv ing the off ense of indec ency w it h a c hil d, s ex ual as saul t or ag g ra v ated sex ual as saul t, at an y ti me dur ing the or ig ina l per iod of community super v is ion , the C our

t may extend the p er iod of super v is ion for a n addi ti onal 10 Y ears for

a max imum t otal of

20 Y ears, if i t i s s how n tha t t he defendant has n o ts u ffi c i e n t l y

d e mo n s t r a t e d a c o mm i t me n tt o a v o i d fu t u r e c r i mi nal behav ior and that the re lea se of t he defendant from co mmunity su per v is ion w oul d endan g er

the publ ic

. . . . If N o M o t io n fo r

C o m m u n ity

S u p er v ision. I f y ou do not fil e a mot ion for com mu nity supe rv ision, th en if y ou a re foun d guilty , yo u r pu nishm entshall be a defini te t er m of impr is onment o r confine ment and pos si bly a fine

. . . . Vi ll ar re al si g ned hi s i nit ial s n ext t o the foll ow ing st atement: I hav e req uest ed th at t he C our t defer furth er proceed ing s o n my cas e w it hout enter ing an a dju dic ati on of g uil t and pla ce me on communi ty super v is ion

. I u ndersta nd th at i f I v iol ate a co ndi ti on of my co mmunity

su per v is ion , I may be ar re ste d, de tai ned i n jai l and re tur ned to Cou rt for a hear ing li mite d to a det ermin ation bythe Court of w het her to proce ed w ith an adjud ication of g uilt on th e c harg e [t o w hic h] I ente re d my pl ea of g uil ty

. . . .Speci f i cal l y , Vi l l ar r eal pr esent ed t he t est i m ony of hi s m ot her , hi s st ep- daugh t er , and a l i censed 1 p s y c h o l o g i s t s p e c i a l i zi n g i n s e x o ff e n d e r tre a tm e n t, e a c h a d v o c a tin g th a t t h e tri a l c o u rt i m p o s e c o m m u n i ty s u p e rv i s i o n a s V i l l a rr e a l ’ s p u n i s h m e n t. 3 He did not, how ev er , s ig n hi s i nit ial s n ext t o thi s s tatement : I have f iled a mo tion fo r com mu nity supe rv ision (also known as prob ation ). I und ersta nd th at t he C our t i s n ot req uired to pl ace me on c ommunit y super v is ion

. I als o understa nd that the c ondi ti ons of community su per v is ion are no t negotia b le i n p le a ba rg aining, an d tha t the Court can im pose condi ti ons of communit y super v is ion ( suc h as co nfinement in a c ounty j ail or a s tate jai l or

pl acementi n a c or re cti ons, treatment o r other resi denti al facility ) that th e Court f eels m ay b e a ppro priate regardless of w het her I ag re e. .
. . The tr ial co urt ac cept ed th e g uil ty ple as, found Vi ll ar re al g uil ty , and ce rt ified Vi ll ar re al’ s r ig ht to ap peal

. See T EX
. R. A PP
. P. 25.2( a) (2 ). After hear ing tes ti mony

as to puni shment , the 1 tr ial co urt s entenc ed Vi ll ar re al to li fe i mpri sonment for each of the tw elv e ag g ra v ated sex ual
assau lt co unt s a nd ten years’ im prisonm entf or both of the ind ecen cy

w ith a child cou nts. This appeal foll ow ed. II. D I S CUS S I ON A tr ial co urt mus t, pr ior

to acc epti ng a g uil ty

pl ea, a dmonis h the defendant as to t he appl ic abl e rang e of puni shment , as w ell as to other conseq uence s of the pl ea. T EX
. C ODE C R IM
. P ROC

. A NN
. art. 26. 13(a ) (Vern on Sup p. 200 9). T he “range o f p unish me nt” tha t mu st be i ncl uded i n this admonishmentdoes not incl ude communit y super v is ion ; that is , t he tr ial
cour t i s u nder

no d uty

to adv is e the defendant as to h is el ig ibi li ty for c ommunit y super v is ion

. E

x p a rte W il lia ms , 704 S.W .2d 773, 775 (Tex

. Cr im. App . 1 9 86) ; Pen a v. State , 132 S.W .3d 663 , 665 (Tex. App. –Corpu s Christi 200 4, no pet. ). How ev er , i t is e rro r for th e tr ial co urt t o i mprop er ly admoni sh as to c ommunit y supe rv ision w hen (1) a defend ant is i n fact ine lig ible for com mu nity supe rv ision, an d (2) it is apparent from the re cord tha t t he defendant is se eki ng co mmunity su per v is ion

. Har

ri son
v. State , 688 S.W .2d 4 97, 4 99 ( Tex . C ri m. App. 1985) ; Ram ir ez v. Sta te , 655 S. W .2d 3 19, 321- 22 ( Tex . Ap p.–C or pus Ch ris ti 1983, no p et.) ; see als o Valdez v. Sta te , N o. 01 -0 0- 01217- CR , 200 2 Tex . Ap p. LE X IS 1902, at *10- 11 (Tex

. App.–H oust on [1s t Di st. ] Ma r. 14, 2002, no pet .) ( n o t desi g nated for publ ic ati on)

. Here, as the Stat e ac know led g es, the
re cord c lea rl y

sh ow s t hat V il lar re al soug ht communit y su per v is ion

. The sol e q uest ion forT h e s ta tu te s ta te s s p e c i fic a l l y th a t: 2 T he m i ni m um t er m of i m pr i sonm ent f or an off ense under[ sect i on 22. 021 oft he penal code ] i s i nc rea s ed t o 2 5 y ea rs i f: ( 1 ) th e v ic tim o ft h e o ff e n s e is yo u n g e r th a n s ix ye a r s o fa g e a t t h e tim e th e o ff e n s e is com m i t t ed; or ( 2 ) th e v ic tim o fth e o ff e n s e is yo u n g e r th a n 1 4 ye a r s o f a g e a t t h e tim e th e o ff e n s e is com m i t t ed a nd t he a ct or com m i t s t he o ff ense i n a m anner descr i bed by Subsect i on (a)(2)(A). T EX

. P EN AL C OD E A NN

. § 22. 021( f ) ( Ver non Supp. 200 9)

. Subsect i on ( a) ( 2) ( A) of sect i on 2 2. 021 l i st s v ar i ous a g g ra v a ti n g fa c to rs n o t a p p l i c a b l e to th e c h a rg e s a g a i n s t V i l l a rr e a l

. See i d. § 2 2.02 1(a )( 2)(A ). 4 thi s C our t, therefore, is w hether

Vil lar re al w as in fact i nel ig ibl e for communi ty su per v is ion

. In g eneral, communi ty super v is ion is not av ail abl e to defendants act ual ly co nv ic ted of ag g ra v ated sex ual as saul t. See T EX
. C OD E C R IM
. P ROC

. A NN
. art. 42.12, § 3g (a )( 1) (E ) (V er non Su pp. 2 009)

. How ev er , a tr ial co urt doe s h av e the di sc re ti on to pla ce defendants charg ed w it h ag g ra v ated sex ual ass aul t on deferred- adj udi cat ion communi ty su per v is ion

. See i d. § 5(a) (Vernon Supp . 200 9). In 20 07, t he Tex as Leg is lat ur e amended arti cl e 4 2 .1 2 o f the code of cr imi nal procedu re to prov ide thatdeferred- adj udi cat io n c ommunit y su per v is ion i s, in fact, n ot
a v a i l a b l e fo r d e fe n d a n t s c h a rg e d w i t h c e rt a i n c r i me s , i n c l u d i n g t h o s e c h a rg e d under subs ect ion (f) of the a g g ra v ated sex ual as saul t s tatut e. Actof June 15, 2 007, 80th Leg ., R. S., ch. 593, § 1.07, 2007 T EX
. S ESS
. L AW S E RV
. 1122, 1125- 26 ( Ver non) ( codi fied atT EX
. C OD E C R IM
. P ROC

. A NN
. art. 42 .12 , § 5(d)(3)(B)). Sub section (f) of the aggrav ate d assa ult sta tute, enac ted b y

the same 2007 leg is lat ion , prov ide s i ncreased penal ti es for defendants
conv ic ted o f agg ra v ated sex ual as saul t w her e the v ic ti m w as les s than si x y ears of ag e at the t ime the o ff ense w as commi tted. See T EX
. P EN AL C OD E A NN
. § 22 .02 1(f ). 2 T he legislation provi ded thatits changes to existing law app ly onl y “ t o an of

fense commi tted on or

after Sept ember

1, 2007. An off ense commi tted before Se p te m ber 1, 2007, is co v er ed by the law in eff ect w hen the off ense w as commi tted, and the for mer law is co nti nued i n effectfor t hat p ur pose. ” Ac t of Ju ne 15, 2007, ch . 593 , § 4.01, 2007 T EX
. S ESS
. L AW S E RV
. at 11 50. Vi ll ar re al w as therefore el ig ibl e for deferred- adj udi cat ion
com mu nity supe rv ision w ith respe ct to all coun ts alleging tha t the of fense occurred beforeW e n o te th a t t h e tr ia l c o u r t d id a d m o n is h V illa r r e a l a s to th e p o s s ib ility o fp o s t- c o n v ic tio n c o m m u n ity 3 s u p e rv i s i o n w h i c h w a s a n d i s i m p e rm i s s i b l e fo r d e fe n d a n ts c o n v i c te d o f a g g ra v a te d s e x u a l a s s a u l t. See T EX

. C OD E C R IM

. P ROC

. A NN

. art

. 42

. 12 , § 3 g(a )( 1)(E ) ( V ern on S up p. 20 09 ). H ow eve r, an ex am i na t i on of t he rec ord a s s e t f o r th a b o v e — i n c lu d in g V illa r r e a l’s “ M o tio n f o r C o m m u n ity S u p e r v is io n ” a n d h is in itia lin g o fc e r ta in par agr aphs wi t hi n t he t r i al cour t ’ s a dm on i shm ent f or m — r ev eal s cl ear l y t hat Vi l l ar r eal soug ht def er r edadj udi cat i on co m m uni t y supe r v i si on, not post

- adj udi cat i on co m m uni t y supe r v i si on. In any ev ent , Vi l l ar r eal d o e s n o t c o n te n d o n a p p e a l th a t t h e tri a l c o u rt e rr e d i n a d m o n i s h i n g h i m a s t o p o s t-c o n v i c ti o n c o m m u n i ty super v i si on. 5 September

1, 2007. In th e insta n t c a s e , o nly one of the aggrav ate d sexual assau lt coun ts against Vi ll ar re al all eged t hat t he c harg ed offense oc cur re d on or after Sept ember

1, 2007. Spec ific all y , c ount si x

of the i ndi ctmental leg ed th at V il lar re al, on or about Aug ust15, 2008, int enti onal ly

and know ing ly

ca used his sex ual org an to contactor penet ra te t he mouth of the v ic ti m, and t h e vic ti m w as, at the t ime, y oung er than fourt een y ears o f age and not Vi ll ar re al’ s s pouse
. See T EX
. P EN AL C OD E A NN
. § 22. 021 (a)(1)(A)( ii), ( a)(1)(B)(v ), (a)( 2)(B). How ev er , i t i s u ndi sput ed th at t he dat e of bi rt h of the v ic ti m is N ov ember 11, 1998. T here fore, at the time o f V illarreal’s Au gust 1 5, 200 8 of fense , the v ictim w as over si x y ears of ag e, an d s ubsec ti on (f) of t he ag g ra v ated ass aul t sta tute w as not a ppl ic abl e. See i d. § 2 2 .0 2 1 (f ); Ac t of Ju ne 15, 2007, ch . 593 , § 4.01, 2007 T EX
. S ESS
. L AW S E RV
. at 11 50. Beca use subs ect ion ( f) w as not a ppl ic abl e, Vi ll ar re al w as eli g ibl e for deferred- adj udi cat ion communi ty

su per v is ion for c ount si x

of the i ndi ctment

. 3 W e c oncl ude t hat, becau se Vi ll ar re al w as in fact el ig ibl e for communi ty su per v is ion under the appl ic abl e l aw , t he tr ial co urt di d noter r in it s a dmonis hme nts

. See E x p ar te W il lia ms , 704 S.W .2d a t 775

. Vi ll ar re al’ s s ole i ss ue i s o v er ru led

. III
. C ONCL US I ON W e aff ir m the jud g ment of the tr ial co urt.

_________ _________

______ DO RI C ON TRERAS G AR ZA, J u s t i c e Do NotPubl is h. T EX
. R. A PP
. P. 4 7.2( b) Del iv er ed and filed the 20th day of Ma y , 201 0.