IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

Assigned on Briefs December 7, 2004

CLARENCE WASHINGTON V. STATE OF TENNESSEE

Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lauderdale County

No. 5790 Joseph H. Walker, III, Judge

No. W2003-03033-CCA-R3-HC - Filed March 18, 2005

Petitioner, Clarence Washington, appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition for writ of habeas

corpus challenging the legality of his sentence for his conviction of the offense of escape from a

penitentiary. After a review of the record, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of Petitioner’s

petition for writ of habeas corpus.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Trial Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JJ., joined.

Clarence Washington, Henning, Tennessee, pro se.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; David E. Coenen, Assistant Attorney General;

and Elizabeth T. Rice, District Attorney General, for the appellee, the State of Tennessee.

OPINION

In 1982, Petitioner was convicted in case no. 78190 in the Shelby County Criminal Court of

assault with the intent to commit robbery, and was sentenced to five to ten years in the Tennessee

Department of Correction. His conviction was upheld on appeal. State v. Washington, 658 S.W.2d

144 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1983). In 1983, Petitioner plead guilty in case nos. B86350 and B86351 in

the Shelby CountyCriminal Court to two counts of robberywith a deadlyweapon and was sentenced

to ten years for each offense. Petitioner was found to be a habitual offender, and his ten-year

sentences in case nos. B86350 and B86351 were enhanced to two life sentences pursuant to

Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-1-806 (repealed 1989). The trial court ordered the two life

sentences to be served concurrently to each other, and consecutively to his sentence in case no.

78190. This Court affirmed Petitioner’s convictions on direct appeal. Clarence Washington v. State,

C.C.A. No. 23, Shelby County (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Feb. 6, 1985).
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Petitioner escaped from the Lake County Regional Prison on January 25, 1984, and was

returned to custody the following day. Later in 1984, Petitioner pled guilty to the offense of escape

from a penitentiary in case no. 5840 in the Lake County circuit court, and was sentenced to two

years. As in effect at the time of Petitioner’s conviction, a defendant convicted of the offense of

escape from a penitentiary was to be “punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of one

(1) to five (5) years to commence from and after the expiration of the original term.” Tenn. Code

Ann. § 39-5-702 (repealed 1989). The escape occurred while Petitioner was serving his sentence

in case no. 78190, but before his sentences in case nos. B86350 and B86351 commenced. The trial

court ordered Petitioner to serve his sentence in case no. 5840 consecutively to his sentence in case

no. 78190, without mentioning Petitioner’s sentences in case nos. B86350 and B86351.

At some point, the Department of Correction notified Petitioner that the sentence for his

escape conviction was scheduled to be served consecutively to all of his prior unexpired sentences,

including his concurrent life sentences in case nos. B86350 and B86351. Petitioner filed a pro se

petition for declaratory judgment in the Davidson County Chancery Court in 2001 seeking review

of his sentence calculation and parole eligibility status. Petitioner contended that his escape sentence

should be served consecutively to his sentence in case no. 78190 and concurrently to his life

sentences in case nos. B86350 and B86351.

In denying Petitioner’s petition, the chancery court found that the Department of Correction

had properly scheduled Petitioner’s escape sentence to be served consecutively to all unexpired 

sentences at the time the offense was committed pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-

5-702 (repealed 1989) and Rule 32 of the Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure. Thus, the

chancery court concluded that the earliest possible time for the escape sentence to commence was

after the conclusion of Petitioner’s life sentences. Although Petitioner appealed other aspects of the

chancery court’s ruling, he did not appeal the chancery court’s findings as to the proper order of

service of his sentences. See Washington v. Tennessee Department of Correction, No. M2002-

12651-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 309359, *4 (Tenn. Ct. App., Feb. 8, 2005).

Petitioner then filed a pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the circuit court for

Lauderdale County in 2003. The trial court denied Petitioner’s petition because it failed to state a

claim for which habeas corpus relief is appropriate. On appeal, Petitioner argues, on the one hand,

that the chancery court’s decision supports his argument that his negotiated plea agreement for his

escape conviction was void because it failed to mention his unserved life sentences. Petitioner asks

this Court to set aside his plea agreement and permit him to withdraw his guilty plea in case no.

5840. On the other hand, assuming that his plea agreement in case no. 5840 is valid, Petitioner

argues that he should serve his escape sentence consecutively to his sentence in case no. 78190 and

concurrently with his life sentences. Under this scenario, Petitioner contends that his sentence for

case no. 5840 has expired. 

The grounds upon which a writ of habeas corpus may be issued are very narrow. McLaney

v. Bell, 59 S.W.3d 90, 92 (Tenn. 2001). A writ of habeas corpus is available only when it appears

from the face of the judgment or record that either the convicting court was without jurisdiction to
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convict or sentence the Petitioner, or the Petitioner’s sentence has expired. Archer v. State, 851

S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993). “[W]here the allegations in a petition for writ of habeas corpus do

not demonstrate that the judgment is void, a trial court may correctly dismiss the petition without a

hearing.” McLaney, 59 S.W.3d at 93. The Petitioner has the burden of showing that his or her

sentence has expired by a preponderance of the evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-21-101. Because

the determination of whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a question of law, our review

is de novo with no presumption of correctness. Hart v. State, 21 S.W.3d 901, 903 (Tenn. 2000).

Although Petitioner relies on both McLaney and State v. Burkhart, 566 S.W.2d 871 (Tenn.

1978) in support of his position that his 1984 sentencing judgment is void, neither case is applicable

to the case sub judice. Both cases question the legality of a trial court’s order of concurrent

sentencing when consecutive sentencing is mandated by rule or statute. See Burkhart, 566 S.W.2d

at 872 (The defendant pled guilty to an escape charge on the condition that his escape sentence run

concurrently with the term of the original offense in direct contravention of the statute mandating

consecutive sentences); McLaney, 59 S.W.3d at 94 (The order of concurrent sentencing is void if the

defendant was on bail at the time he committed the offenses).

In the present case, Petitioner was serving his sentence in case no. 78190 when he escaped

from custody. Pursuant to the statute existing at the time of the offense, the trial court correctly

ordered Petitioner to serve his two-year sentence for escape consecutively to case no. 78190, the

sentence for which he was being held at the time of his escape. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-5-702

(repealed 1989); Rucker v. State, 556 S.W.2d 774, 776 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1977). If a defendant is

sentenced for the offense of escape and has additional unserved sentences, the sentence for the

escape offense shall be served consecutively to the unexpired sentences, “whether the judgment

explicitly orders or not.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 32. Accordingly, the face of Petitioner’s 1984 judgment

of sentencing does not indicate that his sentence isillegal or that the trial court lacked the jurisdiction

to sentence Petitioner. Claims of an involuntary or unknowing guilty plea would render a conviction

voidable, not void, and thus are properly addressed in the post-conviction forum. See Cox v. State,

53 S.W.3d 287, 291-293 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2001). Petitioner has not stated a claim for which

habeas corpus relief is available.

As for Petitioner’s alternative argument that his two-yearsentence for his escape conviction

has expired assuming that the 1984 judgment is valid, Petitioner has already litigated this claim in

a different forum, and the issue has been determined adversely to him. Although Petitioner

strenuously argues that he did not raise this issue in the chancery court, we respectfully disagree with

the characterization of his argument.

We also observe that although Petitioner signed his petition for habeas corpus relief and

attached an affidavit, the affidavit was not verified as required byTennessee Code Annotated section

29-21-107(a). The procedural requirements for pursuing a writ of habeas corpus are mandatory, “and

must be followed scrupulously.” Archer, 851 S.W.2d at 165, (citing Bateman v. State, 194 S.W.2d

336, 337 (Tenn. 1946).
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Based on the foregoing, we find that Petitioner has notstated a claim for which habeas corpus

relief is available. 

CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

___________________________________ 

THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE