IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

PAUL RABINOVITCH,

Appellant,

v. 

STATEWIDE EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 

COMMITTEE (SEBC),

1

Appellee.

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)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

C.A. No. N24A-02-004 KMM

Date submitted: August 1, 2024

Date decided: October 2, 2024

On Appeal from the State Employee Benefits Committee: AFFIRMED

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

Paul Rabinovitch, Townsend, DE, Appellant.

Michelle E. Whalen, Esquire, Delaware Department of Justice, Wilmington, DE, 

Attorney for Appellee State Employee Benefits Committee.

Miller, J.

1 The caption misidentifies the appellee. The name of the committee is the State Employee 

Benefits Committee. See 29 Del. C. § 9602.
2

I. Introduction

Appellant Paul Rabinovitch (“Rabinovitch”), a now-former employee of the 

Appoquinimink School District, filed a claim for Short Term Disability benefits due 

to several mental health conditions. The Hartford, the State’s disability insurance 

carrier, denied his application because the medical records and treating providers’ 

reports did not support a disability finding. Specifically, the records did not explain 

how Rabinovitch’s conditions rendered him unable to work. Rabinovitch’s 

subsequent appeals, Level I and Level II, upheld the denial of benefits. His Level 

III appeal, to the State Employee Benefits Committee (“SEBC”), was denied 

because Rabinovitch failed to meet the definition of “Total Disability” under the 

State’s Short Term Disability Program, as the medical records did not establish that 

he was unable to perform the essential duties of his occupation. 

Because the SEBC did not commit legal error and its findings are supported 

by substantial evidence, the SEBC’s decision is AFFIRMED.

II. Factual and Procedural Background

A. Rabinovitch’s treatment and reduced work schedule

Until June 2023, Rabinovitch worked for Appoquinimink School District and 

at the time he filed the Short Term Disability claim, he was employed as the 

Supervisor of Research, Assessment and Accountability.2 His job responsibilities 

2 R000433.
3

included conducting research on district-related data impacting strategic planning 

(e.g., student demographics, teacher data, and performance measures) and preparing 

annual reports. He also was the primary liaison to the Department of Education 

regarding testing matters; worked with the Curriculum Director and the Director of 

Special Education in preparing a Consolidated Grant; facilitated the Comprehensive 

School Review process; collected data and reported findings on the teacher 

evaluation system; worked with colleges and universities to report on programs and 

information regarding student college-readiness; and supervised and evaluated key 

employees responsible for District data, analysis, and reporting.3

Although its genesis is unclear, sometime in March 2020, Rabinovitch 

experienced a traumatic event, which resulted in diagnoses of Post Traumatic Stress 

Disorder (“PTSD”), General Anxiety Disorder (“GAD”), and Major Depressive 

Disorder (“MDD”).4 He received treatment from Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse 

Practitioner, Jacqueline Armstrong (“NP Armstrong”), and psychologist, Ashley Lo 

Sapio, Ph.D. (“Dr. Lo Sapio”). 

Due to an exacerbation of his symptoms in 2022, NP Armstrong 

recommended that Rabinovitch reduce his work schedule. On June 14, 2022, NP 

Armstrong completed a State of Delaware Family Medical Leave Act (“FMLA”) 

3 R000178-79; R000359.

4

See R000101; R000368-71.
4

form on his behalf.5 NP Armstrong noted that Rabinovitch was “experiencing an 

exacerbation of anxiety, ... [e]xcessive worrying[,] and sleep difficulty” and that he 

reported “memory difficulties, [and] feelings of hopelessness [and] depression.”6 

She recommended Rabinovitch reduce his work schedule to three ten-hours days per 

week from June 20, 2022, through August 29, 20227 because he was unable to 

perform “[a]ll job functions.”8 He was treating with NP Armstrong every 1-2 

months for one hour.9

On August 8, 2022, NP Armstrong recommendation that Rabinovitch further 

reduce his work schedule to one ten-hour day per week until August 25, 2022.10 On 

August 29, 2022, she permitted him to gradually increase his hours and noted that 

his PTSD symptoms decreased in frequency or intensity.11

On September 14, and October 3, 2022, NP Armstrong completed FMLA 

forms describing Rabinovitch’s need for leave as an “[e]xacerbation of symptoms” 

and limiting his work schedule to 22.5 hours and 30 hours per week, respectively.12 

5 R000362-366.

6 R000363.

7 R000364. It appears that in the summer months, Rabinovitch’s work schedule consisted of four 

10-hour days. R000082.

8 R000363-64.

9 R000364. NP Armstrong also prescribed and monitored his medications. 

10 R000082.

11 R000153.

12 R000375-378; R000381-384.
5

While he experienced an increase in anxiety and PTSD symptoms in late 

September, by late October, Rabinovitch’s symptoms were decreasing.13 NP 

Armstrong prescribed Wellbutrin and Trazodone.14

From early December 2022 through March 14, 2023, NP Armstrong 

completed additional FMLA forms, recommending that Rabinovitch work three 7.5-

hour days per week.15 She described Rabinovitch’s inability to work as “[a]ll job 

functions” which was caused by an “exacerbation of symptoms.”16 

At his December 22, 2022 visit,17 Rabinovitch reported symptoms of 

inattention for the first time. To rule out attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 

(“ADHD”), NP Armstrong prescribed Focalin,18 which she later noted did not help 

his symptoms.19

Rabinovitch attended weekly psychotherapy sessions with Dr. Lo Sapio. On 

December 16, 2022, she completed a Mental Health Attending Physician’s 

Statement form for The Hartford, and provided the corresponding progress note.20 

13 R000141, R000144.

14 R000146, R000142, R000149.

15 R000393-394, R000404, R000410, R000416.

16 R000391-418.

17 R000114. 

18 R000115.

19 R000137.

20 R000097-103. On January 26, 2024, Rabinovitch emailed the SEBC hearing officer, among 

others, a January 24, 2024, note from Dr. Lo Sapio. See R000493-494. Because this document 

was not part of the record below and was submitted after the SEBC’s decision, the Court cannot 

consider it.
6

Dr. Lo Sapio diagnosed Rabinovitch with PTSD, MDD and anxiety.21 His 

symptoms included impaired attention, concentration and memory, distractibility, 

difficulty concentrating, preoccupation with life stressors, and sleep disturbances. 

Dr. Lo Sapio opined that Rabinovitch’s “concentration & attention issues” (which

were being measured by “self report[ing]”) prevented him from performing his job 

responsibilities on a full-time basis.

22

 She recommended limiting his work schedule 

to 3 days per week.23 Lo Sapio further opined that Rabinovitch could work full-time 

in a less demanding position.

24

Rabinovitch followed his treatment providers’ recommendations and took 

FMLA leave. During the summer 4-day work week schedule, he was on leave two 

of the four days and starting in September 2022, he was on leave for two of five-day 

work week schedule.25 During his leave, Rabinovitch used accrued sick days, thus, 

he had no reduction in wages.26

Rabinovitch retired on June 1, 2023.27

21 R000101.

22 R000100.

23 Id.

24 R000100-102.

25 R000082.

26 See R000129-133.

27 See R000361.
7

B. The Initial Claim and Level I Appeal

Rabinovitch applied for Short Term Disability benefits from The Hartford on 

November 30, 2022,

28 for the period beginning July 14, 2022 based on his PTSD, 

GAD, and MDD diagnoses and his treatment providers’ recommendations.

29

 The 

Hartford denied the claim on February 9, 2023, finding that the clinical records did 

not support his claim.30 

Rabinovitch requested a Level I appeal.

31 In his appeal letter, Rabinovitch 

also reported symptoms of nerve inflammation, blurry vision, uncontrollable weight 

loss, dizziness, tremors, cognitive impairment, insomnia, and weakened immune 

system resulting in shingles outbreaks.32 He reported that an MRI ruled out 

Parkinson’s disease as a cause for his tremors, but found that the tremors were due 

to his medical condition and medications.33

In addition to reviewing the records submitted by Rabinovitch’s treatment

providers, The Hartford engaged Dr. Rachel Maree, a board-certified psychiatrist, 34

to conduct an independent medical records review.

35

 Dr. Maree noted Rabinovitch’s 

diagnoses and the treating providers’ recommended work restrictions. However, in 

28 R000001.

29 R000029.

30 R000065.

31 R000069.

32 See R000243-45.

33 Id.

34 R000083; R000207-211.

35 R000211. Dr. Maree also spoke with NP Armstrong. R000209.
8

Dr. Maree’s opinion, the severity of Rabinovitch’s symptoms and the level of 

treatment he received, did not correlate to a need for a reduced work schedule.

36

 

While she noted his “symptoms of mood, anxiety and PTSD,” the severity of the 

reported symptoms was not consistent with the level of treatment he received.

37

 Dr. 

Maree submitted to The Hartford a written report of her findings and opinions.

38

After receiving Dr. Maree’s report, Dr. Lo Sapio provided written 

comments.39 Dr. Lo Sapio maintained her opinion “that Mr. Rabinovitch’s anxiety 

and symptoms of PTSD (I.e., [sic] hypervigilance, avoidance of triggering people 

and places, disruption of normal sleep patterns) are hindering his ability to work full 

time.”40 She believed that “until [Rabinovitch’s] life stressors are resolved, Mr. 

Rabinovitch should continue working on a part time basis.”

41

 Finally, she reported 

that Rabinovitch continued attending weekly therapy sessions.

42

Dr. Maree prepared an addendum report on April 4, 2023,

43 addressing Dr. Lo 

Sapio’s comments. Dr. Maree continued to believe that the treatment providers’ 

recommended work restrictions were not consistent with the level of care 

Rabinovitch received (weekly visits with Dr. Lo Sapio and visits once or twice a 

36 R000210.

37 Id.

38 R000207-211.

39 R000214.

40 Id.

41 Id.

42 Id.

43 R000217.
9

month with NP Armstrong). Rather, in Dr. Maree’s opinion, symptoms sufficiently 

severe to require a higher level of care (such as Intensive Outpatient Program or 

Partial Hospitalization Program) would indicate a need for a reduced work 

schedule.

44

 Rabinovitch received no such care. Dr. Maree noted that while Dr. Lo 

Sapio indicated a need for a reduced work schedule, she did “not outline how 

[Rabinovitch’s] ability to work is impaired.”45 Dr. Lo Sapio’s comments did not 

change Dr. Maree’s opinions. 

The Harford conducted a further internal review, performed by Dr. Lacroix. 

He also found that the medical evidence did not support a finding that Rabinovitch’s 

symptoms were severe enough to be disabling. Dr. Lacroix noted that Rabinovitch’s

treatment providers were not recommending a higher level of care, which would be 

indicative of disability symptoms.

46

Finally, The Hartford requested and received Rabinovitch’s payroll records

reflecting his gross and net pay per pay period.47

The Hartford affirmed the denial of Rabinovitch’s claim on April 6, 2023.48 

The denial letter outlined the terms of coverage under the State of Delaware Short 

44 R000218-R000219.

45 Id.

46 R000244. It appears that Dr. Lacroix provided a verbal report to the adjuster.

47 R000081, R000227-41.

48 R000243-45.
10

Term Disability Plan (“Plan”), which provides benefits for a Disability.49 Applicable 

here, the Plan defines “Residual Disability” as meaning that the claimant was

prevented by: ... ... 2. Sickness; [or] 3. Mental Condition; ... 

from performing some, but not all, of the essential duties of your 

or any occupation, and as a result, your Current Weekly Earnings 

are 20% or more, but no more than 80% of Your pre-disability 

Weekly Earnings.50

The Plan defined “Total Disability” as meaning that the claimant was 

prevented by: ... 2. Sickness; [or] 3. Mental Condition; ... from 

performing the Essential Duties of Your Occupation, and as a 

result, You are earning 20% or less of Your Predisability 

Earnings.51

The Hartford stated that the medical records did not support that Rabinovitch 

was “Totally or Residually Disabled [as defined in the Plan] throughout the 30 day 

Elimination Period and beyond.”52 While The Hartford was not disputing that 

Rabinovitch suffered from mental health conditions/symptoms, his treatment

providers did not state how those conditions/symptoms rendered him unable to 

perform the duties of his occupation.53 Specifically, The Hartford found that 

Rabinovitch’s “medical conditions and/or symptoms were [not] of the severity to 

preclude [him] from performing the duties of Your Occupation”

54 and that it was 

49 R000243.

50 R000243-44.

51 R000244.

52 R000243.

53 R000245.

54 Id.
11

“not sufficient for an attending physician to issue restrictions without corroborating 

medical evidence or merely list symptoms or a diagnosis as though it inherently 

implies a certain level of functional impairment.”55 

Finally, The Hartford noted that while Rabinovitch mentioned additional 

symptoms of recurrent shingles and side effects of medication in his appeal letter, 

he did not provide any medical evidence that these conditions required a restriction 

on his work schedule and that self-reporting symptoms was insufficient.56

C. The Level II Appeal

Rabinovitch filed a Level II appeal with the Statewide Benefits Office 

(“SBO”) on April 25, 2023.57 The SBO’s review included Rabinovitch’s medical 

records, the records previously relied upon by The Hartford, the attending physician 

statements from Dr. Lo Sapio and NP Armstrong, and Dr. Maree’s reports.

58 The 

SBO Human Resources Manager also interviewed Rabinovitch by telephone on 

August 15, 2023.

59

 

On August 18, 2023, the SBO concluded that Rabinovitch did not satisfy the

Plan’s definition of Total Disability and concurred in The Hartford’s denial of the 

claim.

60

 In its denial letter, the SBO again reviewed the Plan’s definition of “Total 

55 R000245.

56 R000244.

57 R000352.

58 R000432-35.

59 R000432.

60 Id.
12

Disability” and noted that the referenced “Your Occupation” in the definition did 

not “mean the specific job [Rabinovitch had been] performing for [his] specific 

employer or at [his] specific location”61 but rather, the general workplace.62

D. The Level III Appeal

Rabinovitch filed a Level III appeal to the SEBC on September 8, 2023.63 The 

SEBC appointed Faith Rentz, Director of the Statewide Benefits Office, as the 

hearing officer. Ms. Rentz conducted a 60-minute hearing on September 26, 2023, 

at which Rabinovitch was the only witness.

64

 Rabinovitch relied on the record

below, although he later supplemented the record with two notes from NP 

Armstrong, dated October 18, 2023, and November 2, 2023.

65

 In these notes, NP 

Armstrong confirmed Rabinovitch’s diagnoses of insomnia, GAD, MDD, and 

PTSD, and “recommended that he have intermittent FMLA from July 2022 to May 

2023.66 This request was made due to his mental health status given repeated 

exposures to triggers exacerbating his complex [PTSD].”67 

61 Id.

62 Id.

63 R000436-437.

64 R000440-R000452.

65 R000436.

66 R000464.

67 R000464; see also R000463-466.
13

The SEBC considered Rabinovitch’s Level III appeal during its November 

20, 202368 meeting, at which Ms. Rentz read her report.

69 Ms. Rentz recommended 

that the SEBC uphold the denial of Rabinovitch’s claim because he did not meet the 

Plan’s definition of Total Disability. Rabinovitch did not meet the definition of Total 

Disability because he was not prevented from performing the essential duties of his 

occupation and, as a result, did not earn less than 20% of Predisability Earnings. 

Indeed, Rabinovitch continued to work an average of 3 to 4 days per week from July 

2022 through May 2023 and his payroll records indicated no reduction in wages as 

accrued sick leave was applied to his FMLA time.

70

In its December 26, 2023 decision,71 the SEBC made several findings of fact, 

including a detailed description of Rabinovitch’s job responsibilities as the 

Supervisor of Research, Assessment and Accountability for Appoquinimink School 

District and that:

• Rabinovitch was approved for intermittent FMLA, effective July 14, 

2022, and NP Armstrong’s records indicated that his condition started 

on March 4, 2020, with symptoms that included exacerbation of anxiety 

with memory difficulties, feelings of hopelessness and depression,

excessive worrying, and sleep difficulty.

• Rabinovitch’s condition was “chronic,” for which he received one-hour 

treatment sessions every one to two months.

68 The SEBC decision erroneously indicated the hearing occurred on September 8, 2023. See

R000486. The record indicates that the hearing did in fact occur on November 20, 2023, and the 

SEBC hearing agenda confirms this as well. See R000469.

69 R000477-R000479. 

70 R000479.

71 R000485-R000490.
14

• NP Armstrong felt that Rabinovitch was unable to perform “all job 

functions at this time” and recommended a reduced work schedule from 

August 10, 2022, to August 25, 2022. 

• NP Armstrong reported Rabinovitch experienced sleep disturbance and 

symptoms of hypervigilance, and scored moderate on the PTSD 

screening. 

• “There were no details provided regarding [Rabinovitch’s] inability to 

work or perform essential functions of the job.”72

• Dr. Maree concluded that the severity of Rabinovitch’s symptoms and 

intensity of treatment did not indicate a need for restrictions on his work 

schedule, nor did the medical records support such a need. Dr. Maree’s 

conclusion was supported by the fact that Rabinovitch was not referred 

for higher levels of care and his treatment providers did not outline how 

his ability to work was impaired. 

• Rabinovitch worked an average of three to four days per week from 

July 2022 through May 2023, while receiving full-time wages as 

accrued sick leave as applied in lieu of any lost wages.

• There was no medical support for his claim that recurrent shingles and 

other side effects of medications resulted in physical restrictions.

The SEBC concluded that the medical records did not support that 

Rabinovitch was Totally Disabled, as that term is defined in the Plan. The SEBC 

relied on Ms. Rentz’s opinion that Rabinovitch was not prevented from performing

the essential duties of his occupation and Rabinovitch submitted no evidence to the 

contrary.

73

 Therefore, the SEBC upheld the denial of Short Term Disability 

benefits.

72 R000488 (emphasis added).

73 R000489.
15

Rabinovitch timely appealed the SEBC’s decision to this Court, pursuant to 

29 Del. C. § 5258.

III. The parties’ contentions

Rabinovitch contends that the SEBC violated the Americans with Disabilities 

Act (“ADA”) by denying his short-term disability claim. He further argues that his 

due process rights were violated when he was precluded from participating in the 

SEBC’s meeting.74

Finally, Rabinovitch argues that the SEBC failed to recognize the extremely 

complex nature of his job duties as Supervisor of Research, Assessment and 

Accountability and the impact of his PTSD on his ability to perform those duties.75 

He goes on to describe medical conditions and medical treatments, which are not

reflected in the medical records.76 Rabinovitch details how his ability to function 

was impaired, including his ability to understand, remember, and apply 

information.77 His ability to concentrate, complete tasks in a timely manner, interact 

74 Rabinovitch failed to file a reply brief by the set deadline. After receiving a notice of 

delinquency, he submitted a substantive email. The Court deemed the email to be Rabinovitch’s 

reply brief. 

75 Rabinovitch asserts that the SEBC’s failure to understand the requirements of his job was due 

to Ms. Rentz’s withholding or manipulating information. D.I. 22, pp. 4-5. Allegedly, Ms. Rentz 

was politically motived to retaliate against Rabinovitch, for unclear reasons. Rabinovitch also 

suggests that the denial of his claim has something to do with an unidentified civil action. Id. 

Because Rabinovitch offers no evidence in support of these claims, the Court rejects them.

76 D.I. 22, p. 2.

77 Id., pp. 6-7.
16

with others, and ability to manage others, he asserts, were negatively impacted by 

his PTSD, which started May 29, 2022.78 

The SEBC counters that there is substantial evidence supporting its finding 

that Rabinovitch failed to satisfy the requirements of the Plan for Short Term 

Disability benefits and its decision is otherwise free from legal error. The SEBC 

further argues that the ADA has no application here and, in any event, the SEBC did 

not deny Rabinovitch due process because he was afforded a full opportunity to 

present his appeal.

IV. Standard of Review

This Court’s review of the SEBC’s decision is on the record.79 The Court’s 

function is limited to an examination of the record for errors of law and determining 

whether substantial evidence exists to support the SEBC’s findings. Substantial 

evidence (more than a scintilla and less than a preponderance) is relevant evidence 

that a reasonable mind would be willing to accept as adequate in supporting a 

conclusion.80 Therefore, in the absence of an error of law and where substantial 

evidence supports the SEBC’s findings, its decision must be affirmed.81

78 Id., pp. 2, 6-9.

79 29 Del. C. § 5258(6); 19 Del. Admin. C. § 2007-11.5. See also Mossinger v. State, 2015 WL 

2379079, at *4 (Del. Super. Apr. 17, 2015).

80 Powell v. OTAC, Inc., 223 A.3d 864, 871 (Del. 2019); Munyan v. Daimler Chrysler Corp., 909 

A.2d 133, 136 (Del. 2006).

81 Zayas v. State, 273 A.3d 776, 785 (Del. 2022) (citing Olney v. Cooch, 425 A.2d 610 (Del. 

1981)); Munyan, 909 A.2d 133. 
17

It is solely within the SEBC’s purview to weigh the evidence, assess 

credibility of witnesses, resolve conflicts in the evidence, and make factual 

findings.82 The SEBC resolves conflicts in medical testimony as the fact-finder and 

the reviewing court takes “due account” of the SEBC’s expertise.83 Thus, the SEBC

is free to accept one expert’s testimony over another’s.

84

While legal issues are reviewed de novo,85 the Court affords significant 

deference to the SEBC’s fact and credibility determinations.86 Absent errors of law, 

the SEBC’s decision is reviewed for abuse of discretion.87 Abuse of discretion 

occurs when a tribunal has “exceeded the bounds of reason in view of the 

circumstances and has ignored recognized rules of law or practice so as to produce 

injustice.”88 “Thus, ‘[t]o prevail on appeal, the appellant must show the [SEBC] 

committed an error of law or demonstrate the findings of the [committee] are not 

supported by substantial evidence’ in the record.”89

82 Zayas, 273 A.3d at 785 (citing Powell, 223 A.3d 864 (Del. 2019)). 

83 Id. (citing Spellman v. Christiana Care Health Servs., 74 A.3d 619 (Del. 2013)). 

84 Id. 

85 Id. (citing Oceanport Indus., Inc. v. Wilmington Stevedores, Inc., 636 A.2d 892 (Del. 1994)); 

Cline v. Nemours Found., 2023 WL 6622211, at *10 (Del. Super. Oct. 11, 2023).

86 Christiana Care Health Servs. v. Davis, 127 A.3d 391, 395 (Del. 2015) (citing Histed v. E.I. Du 

Pont de Nemours & Co., 621 A.2d 340 (Del. 1993)); Powell, 223 A.3d at 872. See also 29 Del. 

C. § 10142. 

87 Glanden v. Land Prep, Inc., 918 A.2d 1098, 1100 (Del. 2007).

88 Harper v. State, 970 A.2d 199, 201 (Del. 2009).

89 Mossinger, 2015 WL 2379079, at *4 (quoting Behr v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 1995 WL 

109026, at *1 (Feb. 7, 1995).
18

V. Discussion

A. The ADA cannot be raised in this appeal.

Rabinovitch argues for the first time on appeal that his PTSD is protected by 

the ADA and consequently, he was entitled to intermittent leave as an 

accommodation. Because Rabinovitch did not raise this issue below, he is barred 

from doing so in this appeal.90 Accordingly, Rabinovitch has not shown he is 

entitled to relief under his first argument.

B. The SEBC did not deny Rabinovitch due process.

Rabinovitch argues that his due process rights were denied when his electronic 

connection to the November 20, 2023 SEBC hearing was terminated shortly after 

the meeting started and was not restored until the end of the meeting.91 

On a Level III appeal, the SEBC may hear the appeal directly or appoint a 

hearing officer.92 When a hearing officer is appointed, “the hearing officer shall 

decide the matter and prepare a report containing the findings of fact, and 

conclusions of law.”93 The SEBC then may “accept or modify the hearing officer’s 

final report.”94

90 See Munyan, 909 A.2d at 136 (the reviewing court has a limited role of determining whether 

substantial evidence supports the board’s finding and its decision is free of errors of law).

91 D.I. 22, pp. 11-12.

92 29 Del. C. § 5258.

93 Id.

94 Id.
19

Here, a hearing officer was appointed. Ms. Rentz conducted an hour-long 

hearing, at which Rabinovitch testified. He chose to call no other witnesses. After 

the hearing, Ms. Rentz allowed Rabinovitch to supplement the record. 

Rabinovitch had no right to present evidence at the SEBC meeting. At the 

meeting, Ms. Rentz read directly from her report, a copy of which was provided to 

Rabinovitch.95 In accordance with the statute, the SEBC could modify or accept Ms. 

Rentz’s report. It chose to do the latter. 

Rabinovitch fully participated in his appeal and his due process rights were 

not denied. Accordingly, Rabinovitch has not shown he is entitled to relief under 

his second argument.

C. The SEBC’s ruling is supported by substantial evidence and free 

from legal error.

Short Term Disability benefits are subject to the terms of the Plan. To qualify, 

an employee must fall within the parameters of “Total Disability” for the 30-day 

elimination period.96 Rabinovitch does not argue otherwise. 

“Total Disability” is defined in the Administrative to mean:

the employee is prevented by ... mental condition ... from 

performing the essential duties of their occupation, and as a 

result, the employee is earning 20% or less of his or her base rate 

95 See R000486.

96 29 Del. C. § 5253(b). See also 29 Del. C. § 5256 (the SEBC is authorized to adopt rules and 

regulations to administer the State’s disability program) and 19 Del. Admin. C. § 2007-2.0, 6.3 

(2019) (disability insurance program rules and regulations).
20

of compensation received on the last day of employment before 

becoming disabled.97

“Essential Duty” is defined to mean:

a duty that is substantial, not incidental; is fundamental or 

inherent to the occupation; and cannot be reasonably omitted or 

changed. To be at work for the number of hours in the 

employee’s regularly scheduled workweek is also an essential 

duty. Any occupation means an occupation for which the 

employee is qualified by education, training or experience.

98

The employee bears the burden of showing that he meets the definition of 

Total Disability, which requires medical evidence demonstrating that the employee 

is unable to perform the Essential Duties of his occupation. “Critically, ‘occupation’

does not mean the specific job [an employee is] performing for a specific employer 

or at a specific location. In other words, an employee’s occupation is the category 

of work []he performed, not the specific job []he was performing for [his] specific 

employer.”

99

There is no dispute in the record that Rabinovitch suffered from PTSD, MDD, 

and GAD. There is also no dispute in the record that he had great responsibilities in 

what was likely a stressful job. The problem for Rabinovitch is that his treating 

providers did not state what job functions Rabinovitch could not perform due to his 

97 19 Del. Admin. C. § 2007-6.3 (2019).

98 Id., § 2007-2.0 (2019) (emphasis added). See also 29 Del. C. § 5253(b)(1); Moore v. State Emp. 

Benefits Comm., 2023 WL 2808080, at *1 (Del. Super. Apr. 6, 2023), aff’d, 307 A.3d 979 

(TABLE), 2023 WL 6997856 (Del. Oct. 23, 2023).

99 Moore, 2023 WL 2808080, at *1 (quoting Noyes v. State, 2022 WL 1276030, at *4 (Del. Super. 

Apr. 28, 2022)) (cleaned up).
21

mental health conditions. The treating providers’ bald statement that he was unable 

to perform “all functions” of his job was insufficient. The diagnoses and 

Rabinovitch’s report of symptoms100 on their own are also insufficient to qualify for 

disability benefits. 

Additionally, Dr. Maree opined that Rabinovitch’s level of care was not 

consistent with his claim of Total Disability. He treated with NP Armstrong 1-2 

times a month and saw Dr. Lo Spiro once a week for an hour-ling therapy session. 

Had Rabinovitch’s condition been severe enough to warrant a finding of Total 

Disability, he would have received a higher level of care, such as inpatient treatment. 

The SEBC is free to rely upon the opinions of one expert over another.101 The SEBC 

accepted Dr. Maree’s opinion, which constitutes substantial evidence. 

VI. Conclusion

Rabinovitch has shown no legal error and the SEBC’s ruling is supported by 

substantial evidence. Therefore, the SEBC’s Decision is AFFIRMED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

/s/Kathleen M. Miller

Judge Kathleen M. Miller

100 In his appeals, Rabinovitch asserts other medical conditions, such as tremors and shingles, but 

these conditions are not addressed in the treatment providers’ records. Rabinovitch submitted Dr. 

Lo Sapio’s October 8, 2021 note, that references some side effects from medications, with his 

opening brief. Because this note was not part of the record below, the Court cannot consider it.

101 See, Gonzalez v. Perdue Farms, Inc., 2022 WL 130866, at n.81 (Del. Super. Jan. 14, 2022).