NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

KOFI OBENG-AMPONSAH, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

DON MIGUEL APARTMENTS; et al., 

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 17-55563 

D.C. No. 5:16-cv-01054-R-AFM 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Central District of California

Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted November 27, 2018**

Before: CANBY, TASHIMA, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.

Kofi Obeng-Amponsah appeals pro se from the district court’s orders 

dismissing his action alleging federal and state law claims. We have jurisdiction 

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo dismissals under Fed. R. Civ. P. 

12(b)(6) and based on the Noerr–Pennington doctrine. Kearney v. Foley & 

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

DEC 3 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 17-55563 

Lardner, LLP, 590 F.3d 638, 643 (9th Cir. 2009). We vacate and remand.

The district court determined that defendants (other than defendant 

Genovese) were immune from liability under the Noerr–Pennington doctrine 

because “all of Plaintiff’s claims are based on allegations in connection with, and 

related to, [an] unlawful detainer action [against Obeng-Amponsah].” However, 

the district court’s dismissal under the Noerr–Pennington doctrine was erroneous 

because Obeng-Amponsah alleges wrongful conduct, including discrimination and 

retaliation, that is distinct from defendants’ litigation activity. See Sosa v. 

DIRECTV, Inc., 437 F.3d 923, 929 (9th Cir. 2006) (under the Noerr–Pennington

doctrine, “those who petition any department of the government for redress are 

generally immune from statutory liability for their petitioning conduct”). For the 

same reason, the district court erred by denying Obeng-Amponsah’s motion for 

leave to file a second amended complaint solely on the basis that he had not 

alleged facts showing that the Noerr–Pennington doctrine did not apply. We 

therefore vacate the district court’s January 6, 2017 order dismissing under the 

Noerr–Pennington doctrine and denying Obeng-Amponsah’s motion for leave to 

amend. 

With respect to defendant Genovese, the district court erred by dismissing 

for failure to state a claim without first providing Obeng-Amponsah with notice of 

the deficiencies as to his specific claims and without considering whether Obeng-
3 17-55563 

Amponsah could allege additional facts in support of his claims. See Lopez v. 

Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (standard of review; “a 

district court should grant leave to amend even if no request to amend the pleading 

was made, unless it determines that the pleading could not possibly be cured by the 

allegation of other facts.” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)); Lucas v. 

Dep’t of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir. 1995) (“Unless it is absolutely clear that 

no amendment can cure the defect, [ ] a pro se litigant is entitled to notice of the 

complaint’s deficiencies and an opportunity to amend prior to dismissal of the 

action.”). We therefore vacate the district court’s April 3, 2017 order dismissing 

defendant Genovese for failure to state a claim.

On remand, the district could should consider in the first instance

defendants’ other arguments for dismissal and against leave to amend in the first 

instance, and, if appropriate, grant Obeng-Amponsah an opportunity to amend his 

complaint. 

Appellees shall bear the costs on appeal.

VACATED and REMANDED.