1 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS 

EASTERN DIVISION 

JACOB RUDOPLH, individually and on 

behalf of all others similarly situated, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC., and 

UNITED AIRLINES, INC., 

Defendants. 

Case No. 1:20-cv-02142 

Hon. Thomas M. Durkin 

Magistrate Judge Jeffrey T. Gilbert 

JOHN COMPO, individually and on behalf of 

all others similarly situated, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

UNITED AIRLINES, INC., and 

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC., 

Defendants. 

Case No. 1:20-cv-02166 

Hon. Joan H. Lefkow 

Magistrate Judge Susan E. Cox 

JOINT UNOPPOSED MOTION 

FOR A FINDING OF RELATEDNESS AND REASSIGNMENT 

 Pursuant to Local Rule 40.4, Plaintiff John Compo (“Plaintiff” or “Compo”) and 

Defendants United Airlines, Inc. and United Airlines Holdings, Inc. (“Defendants” or “United”), 

by and through their attorneys, respectfully request that the action styled Compo v. United Airlines, 

Inc., et al., No. 1:20-cv-2166, be reassigned to the Honorable Thomas M. Durkin, who is presiding 

over a related class action, Rudolph v. United Airlines Holdings, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-2142. Compo

and Rudolph are referred to collectively herein as “the Class Actions.” Copies of the Compo and 

Rudolph complaints are attached hereto as Exhibits A and B, respectively. 

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 Counsel for Compo and United have conferred and agree that (1) the Class Actions are 

related under Local Rule 40.4(a); and (2) Compo meets the criteria for reassignment under Local 

Rule 40.4(b), and, therefore, should be reassigned to the Honorable Thomas M. Durkin. Counsel 

for Compo and United also have conferred with counsel for the Rudolph plaintiff, who does not 

oppose this motion. 

ARGUMENT 

 Pursuant to the Local Rule 40.4, reassignment is appropriate if Compo is “related” to 

Rudolph under Local Rule 40.4(a), and the actions meet the prerequisites for reassignment set forth 

in Local Rule 40.4(b): (1) all cases are pending in this Court; (2) the handling of these cases by the 

same Judge is likely to result in a substantial saving of judicial time and effort; (3) the earlier case 

has not progressed to the point where designating the later filed cases as related would be likely to 

substantially delay the proceedings in the earlier-filed case; and (4) the cases are susceptible to 

disposition in a single proceeding. L.R. 40.4(b). The Class Actions meet these requirements. 

I. Compo and Rudolph Are “Related” 

 Cases are “related” under Local Rule 40.4(a) if they “involve some of the same issues of 

fact or law” or “grow out of the same transaction[s] or occurrence[s].” L.R. 40.4(a). The Rule 

“does not require complete identity of issues in order for cases to be considered related, rather it 

is enough that the two cases involve some of the same issues of fact or law[.]” Gautreaux v. 

Chicago Hous. Auth., No. 66 C 1459, 2013 WL 5567771, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 9, 2013) (citations 

and quotations omitted). 

 The Class Actions meet this standard. Both actions arise from the same transaction or 

occurrence: Defendants’ alleged failure to issue refunds to customers for flights cancelled due to 

the COVID-19 pandemic. The Class Actions also raise common questions of fact or law, because 

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Plaintiffs in both actions bring similar statutory and common law claims, and seek certification of 

overlapping classes. The Class Actions undoubtedly are related. 

II. The Class Actions Meet the Criteria for Reassignment Set Forth in Local Rule 

40.4(b) 

 Because the Class Actions are related, Compo should be reassigned to Judge Durkin 

pursuant to Local Rule 40.4(b). 

First, both Compo and Rudolph are pending in the Northern District of Illinois. L.R. 

40.4(b)(1). 

Second, the handling of the Class Actions by one Judge is likely to result in a substantial 

savings of judicial time and effort, and avoid potentially inconsistent rulings. L.R. 40.4(b)(2). 

Indeed, both Compo and Rudolph challenge the same alleged practice and seek relief on behalf of 

overlapping classes. “[T]he undoubted overlap in discovery issues between the two cases will 

result in substantial savings in both the Court’s time and effort and the parties’ time and effort . . . 

[and] avoid the possibility for conflicting rulings . . . .” Peery v. Chicago Hous. Auth., No. 13-CV5819, 2013 WL 5408860, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 26, 2013). 

Third, reassignment will not delay the proceedings in either Compo or Rudolph. L.R. 

40.4(b)(3). Compo and Rudolph were commenced just hours apart on April 6, 2020, and only 

recently did Defendants’ counsel appear in Rudolph. (Defendants’ counsel have not yet appeared 

in Compo.) Moreover, on April 24, 2020, the United States District Court for the Northern District 

of Illinois issued a Third Amended General Order 20-0012 regarding the Coronavirus COVID-19 

Public Emergency. The Third Amended General Order extends by seventy-seven (77) days all 

deadlines, including the responsive pleading deadline that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(a) 

imposes on Defendants. Defendants’ responses to the Compo and Rudolph complaints thus are not 

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due until July 14, 2020. Reassigning Compo to Judge Durkin will not unduly delay either 

proceeding. 

Fourth, because the Class Actions involve similar issues of fact or law, and grow out of 

the same occurrence, Compo and Rudolph clearly are related and susceptible to disposition in a 

single proceeding. L.R. 40.4(b)(4).

CONCLUSION 

WHEREFORE, the parties respectfully request that this Court enter an Order finding that 

the Class Actions are related, and that Compo should be reassigned to the Honorable Thomas M. 

Durkin. 

Dated: May 4, 2020 Respectfully submitted, 

By: /s/ Daniel O. Herrera

Daniel O. Herrera 

State Bar No. 6296731 

Nickolas J. Hagman 

State Bar No. 6317689 

CAFFERTY CLOBES 

MERIWETHER 

& SPRENGEL LLP

150 S. Wacker, Suite 3000 

Chicago, Illinois 60606 

Telephone: 312-782-4880 

Facsimile: 318-782-4485 

dherrera@caffertyclobes.com 

nhagman@caffertyclobes.com 

Bryan L. Clobes* 

CAFFERTY CLOBES 

MERIWETHER 

& SPRENGEL LLP

205 N. Monroe St. 

Media, Pennsylvania 19063 

Telephone: 215-864-2800 

bclobes@caffertyclobes.com 

By: /s/ Sondra A. Hemeryck

Patricia Brown Holmes 

Sondra A. Hemeryck 

Lynn D. Moffa 

RILEY SAFER HOLMES & 

CANCILA LLP 

70 W. Madison, Suite 2900 

Chicago, Illinois 60602 

Telephone: 312-471-8700 

Facsimile: 312-471-8701 

pholmes@rshc-law.com 

shemeryck@rshc-law.com 

lmoffa@rshc-law.com 

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Joseph G. Sauder* 

Joseph B. Kenney* 

SAUDER SCHELKOPF LLC 

1109 Lancaster Avenue 

Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312 

Telephone: (610) 200-0580 

jgs@sstriallawyers.com 

jbk@sstriallawyers.com 

Counsel for Plaintiff John Compo and 

the Putative Class

*Admission pro hac vice anticipated

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 

 I, Daniel O. Herrera, an attorney, hereby certify that on May 4, 2020, service of the Joint 

Unopposed Motion for a Finding of Relatedness and Reassignment was accomplished pursuant 

to ECF as to Filing Users and I shall comply with LR 5.5 as to any party who is not a Filing User 

or represented by a Filing User. 

 s/ Daniel O. Herrera 

 Daniel O. Herrera 

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EXHIBIT A

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS 

EASTERN DIVISION 

JOHN COMPO, individually and on behalf of 

all others similarly situated, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

UNITED AIRLINES, INC., and 

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC., 

Defendants. 

Case No. 

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED 

CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT 

 Plaintiff John Compo (“Plaintiff”), individually and on behalf of all others similarly 

situated, brings this action against Defendants United Airlines, Inc. and United Airlines Holdings, 

Inc. (collectively, “Defendants” or “United”), by and through his attorneys, and alleges as follows 

based on information and belief, except as to allegations specifically pertaining to Plaintiff, which 

are made upon personal knowledge: 

INTRODUCTION 

1. America is at war with an invisible enemy. In late December 2019, a previously 

undiscovered coronavirus surreptitiously spread from animals to humans in a wet market in 

Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, and began its march across continents, rivers and 

oceans, infecting countless people along the way. 

2. Unlike prior coronaviruses, such as the virus that caused Middle East Respiratory 

Syndrome, this virus and the disease it causes—dubbed COVID-19—spreads insidiously. Due to 

its potentially extensive incubation period and ability to transmit itself via asymptomatic hosts, 

COVID-19 has wreaked unprecedented havoc across the globe. Indeed, although the virus was not 

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detected in the United States until mid-January 2020, it has now infected at least 300,000 people 

across the country. 

3. In an effort to slow the virus’s spread and avoid overwhelming medical systems, 

beginning in late February state and local governments across the country began issuing “stay-athome” orders that confine residents to their homes, allowing them to leave only for necessities 

such as medical care and food. The American economy is in tatters, and across the country millions 

suddenly have found themselves wondering where they will turn for income if the crisis persists. 

4. Unsurprisingly, airline travel has come to a near standstill as Americans find 

themselves unable to leave their homes, let alone travel domestically or internationally, and over 

the last month United and its competitors have had no choice but to cut schedules and cancel 

thousands of flights. 

5. Unfortunately for Plaintiff and the putative Class, however, United has shifted the 

burden of this extraordinary crisis onto its customers, who, in some cases, paid thousands of dollars 

for flights the COVID-19 pandemic precludes them from taking. Specifically, and unlike its 

competitors, United has ignored its obligation to refund to its customers monies they paid for 

flights they will never take, but which they may sorely need to provide for themselves and their 

families during this trying time. 

6. United has engaged in unfair, unlawful and unconscionable practices in order to 

unjustly enrich itself at the expense of its customers, and Plaintiff brings this action in order to 

secure refunds for each and every similarly situated consumer United has wronged by refusing to 

issue full refunds for flights cancelled as a direct and proximate result of the COVID-19 crisis. 

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JURISDICTION AND VENUE 

7. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction of this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 

1332(d)(2), the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, because: (i) there are 100 or more Class 

members, (ii) there is an aggregate amount in controversy exceeding $5,000,000, exclusive of 

interest and costs, and (iii) there is minimal diversity because at least one plaintiff and one 

defendant are citizens of different States. This Court has supplemental jurisdiction over the state 

law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367. 

8. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendants because they are 

headquartered in this judicial district. 

9. Venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391 because 

Defendants are headquartered in this district, transact business in this district, are subject to 

personal jurisdiction in this district, and therefore are deemed to be citizens of this district, and 

because a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claims occurred in this 

District. 

PARTIES 

10. Plaintiff JOHN COMPO is a resident and citizen of Vermont. 

11. Plaintiff purchased a roundtrip ticket to visit his daughter in New Zealand through 

United's website. Plaintiff paid $1051.95 for the ticket for a trip beginning on April 6, 2020. 

12. On April 3, 2020, United emailed Plaintiff and informed him that his flight was 

canceled. On April 5, 2020, Plaintiff called United to request a refund but was informed that he 

would only be provided with a voucher for a future flight and that he would not receive a refund 

for the ticket price. 

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13. During his April 5, 2020 call with United, Plaintiff also spoke with a United agent 

whose supervisor recommended that he attempt to receive a refund through 

www.united.com/refunds. However, when he visited that site, there was no refund option available 

for his ticket. 

14. To date, United has not refunded Plaintiff the price of his ticket. 

15. Defendant UNITED AIRLINES, INC. is a Delaware corporation with its principal 

place of business located at 233 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60606, and is a resident of 

Delaware and Illinois. 

16. Defendant UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC. is a Delaware corporation with 

its principal place of business located at 233 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60606, and is a 

resident of Delaware and Illinois. 

FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS 

17. The current pandemic, like most health catastrophes, began silently and 

unexpectedly. On December 31, 2019, Chinese authorities reported that an unknown virus had 

begun to spread in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province. The virus, which medical 

authorities were unable to identify, proved capable of producing a severe respiratory infection that, 

in some cases, required hospitalization and caused death. 

18. It was not until early January 2020 that the World Health Organization (“WHO”) 

identified the virus as a “novel,” or undiscovered, coronavirus for which humans have no known 

immunity. The WHO would later officially name the disease the novel coronavirus produces 

“coronavirus disease 2019,” or COVID-19. 

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19. COVID-19 initially appeared contained to China and other portions of eastern Asia. 

But on January 20, 2020, authorities diagnosed the first official case of COVID-19 in the United 

States, in a 35-year-old who had recently returned from Wuhan to the State of Washington. 

20. COVID-19 spread quickly. By January 30, 2020, there were nearly 8,000 confirmed 

cases of COVID-19 worldwide. In response, the WHO declared COVID-19 a “Public Health 

Emergency of International Concern.” The next day, President Trump declared a public health 

emergency due to COVID-19, and the U.S. State Department banned travel between the United 

States and China. 

21. Unfortunately for residents of the United States, the President’s actions were too 

little, too late; COVID-19 had already proven capable of spreading silently through communities, 

steadily increasing its reach before its existence is detected. On February 29, 2020—the same day 

the U.S. government issued a “do not travel” warning and prohibited travel between the United 

States and several countries with COVID-19 outbreaks—the State of Washington became the first 

state to declare a state of emergency due to COVID-19. It would not be the last to do so. 

22. On March 11, 2020, the WHO reclassified COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic. 

That same night, President Trump made a televised address from the Oval Office during which he 

announced a moratorium on all flights from Europe (excluding Great Britain) for 30 days. The 

President extended that ban to Great Britain the very next day. 

23. The President declared a “National Emergency” on March 13, 2020 and, on March 

15, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended avoiding gatherings of 50 people 

or more. The next day, the federal government tightened those guidelines and recommended 

avoiding groups of 10 people or more. 

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24. Despite these efforts, by March 23, 2020 the United States had reported more 

confirmed cases of COVID-19 than any other county in the world, and by the end of March the 

governors of most states had declared states of emergency due to COVID-19. State and local 

officials across the country also had issued stay-at-home orders that canceled public events, banned 

group gatherings, and closed schools, restaurants, and retail stores and prohibited unnecessary 

travel for weeks, if not indefinitely. 

25. As a direct and proximate result of this unprecedented crisis, in March many 

airlines, including United, canceled or rescheduled flights. 

26. For example, on March 4, 2020, United announced that it would reduce scheduled 

flights in April in the United States and Canada by 10%, and reduce international flights by 20%. 

27. On March 17, 2020, United announced a further reduction in flights scheduled for 

April and May, reducing flights in the United States and Canada by 42%, and internationally by 

85%. By March 20, 2020, United had cancelled approximately 95% of international flights 

scheduled for April. It expects to continue to cancel flights in this manner through the summer of 

2020. 

28. United, like most of its competitors, undoubtedly is suffering as a result of these 

untenable economic conditions. But for their part, U.S. taxpayers, through the federal government, 

have provided substantial assistance to the airline industry in order to insulate its most critical 

components—the men and women in its employ—from the economic hardship the pandemic 

might otherwise impose upon them. In March 2020, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief 

and Economic Security Act (dubbed the “CARES Act”), which, inter alia, provides more than $58 

billion in aid to U.S. airlines, notwithstanding the fact that over the past decade the country’s 

largest airlines have spent roughly 96% of their free cash flow on stock buybacks. 

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29. Unlike most of its competitors, however, in the face this crisis and concern from 

travelers, United changed its refund policies to the detriment of its customers and the benefit of its 

shareholders. 

30. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, United’s uniform policy provided that when a 

flight was delayed by 2 hours or more, United would refund the passenger the price of the ticket. 

But on March 7, 2020, United unilaterally changed its refund policy: only flights delayed 25 hours 

or more were eligible for cash refunds, and United applied the policy retroactively to all previously 

booked fares. 

31. Consumers immediately began to complain, likely due in no small part to the 

immense financial pressure COVID-19 imposed on all Americans. So, on March 10, 2020, only 

days after it changed its policy, United changed course yet again. United’s new policy—its third 

in several days—provided that it would issue cash refunds, but only on a case-by-case basis. 

32. United’s illusory efforts did little to alleviate its customers’ concerns since it still 

presented a marked shift from its original refund policy, thus, four days later, on March 14, 2020, 

United adopted its fourth cancelation and refund policy, which remains in effect today. 

33. The March 14th policy provides that a delay of 6 hours or more constitutes a 

cancellation, but instead of issuing a cash refund United will now provide passengers only a credit 

for the value of the ticket and any optional fees paid, such as baggage fees, meals, or seat upgrades. 

Customers also must use the credit within 12 months of the originally scheduled flight. 

34. Only if the canceled-ticket credit is not used within 12 months of the originally 

scheduled flight is the passenger eligible for a cash refund. However, the passenger is required to 

request a refund from United, and United will deduct a cancelation fee from the value of the credit. 

United also retroactively applied the March 14th policy to previously purchased tickets. 

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35. United’s March 14th policy thus provides that when United cancels a flight, its 

passengers are ineligible for a cash refund (net of cancellation fees) until more than a year has 

passed. In other words, rather than make its customers whole in this time of need by refunding 

them monies they paid for flights they will never take, United has elected to force its customers to 

provide it with a one-year, interest free loan, one for which United’s customers ultimately will pay 

a fee. 

36. United describes the changes to its policies and its refusal to provide cash refunds 

for canceled flights as “accomodat[ing] customers by offering more options to rebook their 

flights.” 

37. United’s fourth iteration of its cancelation policy in March 2020 was not wellreceived. One well-known travel website described United’s policy as “simply deplorable,” and 

tantamount to “expecting customers to provide [United] a 12 month interest free loan.”1

38. Indeed, few consumers will be able to actually use the credit for a canceled flight, 

as the vast majority of airline passengers fly only once each year.2

 

39. In response to United’s new policy, a group of nine United States Senators issued 

a public letter castigating United for its conduct and insisting that United refund customer fares. 

The letter states, in pertinent part: 

We write to urge your airline to issue full cash refunds to all customers who 

cancel their flights during the COVID-19 crisis, and to American citizens 

who encounter flight cancelations while stranded in countries that 

implemented travel restrictions. The ongoing pandemic is placing enormous 

financial strain on millions of Americans, and families need cash to pay for 

essentials such as food, housing, and medical care. In light of this pressing 

need and the unprecedented bailout—to the tune of $25 billion—that the 

 

1 See United Will Refund You in a Year for Canceled Flight, ONE MILE AT A TIME, www. 

https://onemileatatime.com/united-airlines-refund-one-year/ (last accessed Apr. 6, 20202). 

2 See JT Genter, American Airlines Dropped Some Amazing Stats at its Media Day, The Points Guy (Sept. 

28, 2017), https://thepointsguy.com/2017/09/american-airlines-amazing-stats/ (noting that American 

Airlines stated that 87% of its passengers fly only once per year). 

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airline industry just received from Congress, we believe your company has 

a moral responsibility to provide real refunds, not travel vouchers, to 

consumers, and to support State Department efforts to repatriate any 

American citizens trying to come home. 

* * * 

It would be unacceptable to us for your company to hold onto travelers’ 

payments for canceled flights instead of refunding them, especially in light 

of the $25 billion bailout that the airline industry just received from 

Congress. 

40. On April 3, 2020, in response to United’s and other airlines’ refusals to issue 

refunds to passengers for canceled flights, the United States Department of Transportation issued 

an Enforcement Notice Regarding Refunds By Carriers Given the Unprecedented Impact of the 

COVID-19 Public Health Emergency On Air Travel” (the “Enforcement Notice”).3

 The 

Enforcement Notice states that: 

Carries have a longstanding obligation to provide a prompt refund to a 

ticketed passenger when the carrier cancels the passenger’s scheduled flight 

or makes a significant change in the flight schedule and the passenger 

chooses not to accept the alternative offered by the carrier. The 

longstanding obligation of carriers to provide refunds for flights that carriers 

cancel or significantly delay does not cease when the flight disruptions are 

outside of the carrier’s control (e.g., a result of government restrictions). 

41. Moreover, the requirement to provide a “prompt refund” applies to passengers who 

purchased “non-refundable tickets” and applies to any optional fee charged for services a 

passenger is unable to use, such as baggage fees, meals, and seat upgrades. 

42. The Enforcement Notice also states that this obligation “does not cease when the 

flight disruptions are outside of the carrier’s control (e.g., a result of government restrictions).” 

Instead, airlines are to offer refunds whenever passengers are not at fault for the cancellation, 

regardless of whether the cancellation is within or outside the carrier’s control. 

 

3

 Available at: https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2020-

04/Enforcement%20Notice%20Final%20April%203%202020_0.pdf (last visited Apr. 6, 2020). 

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43. The “longstanding obligation” regarding refunds is set forth in the Code of Federal 

Regulation. Specifically, consumers are entitled to refunds whenever their carrier cancels their 

flight. 76 Fed. Reg. 23110-01, at 23129 (Apr. 25, 2011) (“Since at least the time of an Industry 

Letter of July 15, 1996 . . . the Department’s Aviation Enforcement Office has advised carriers 

that refusing to refund a non-refundable fare when a flight is canceled and the passenger wishes to 

cancel is a violation of 49 U.S.C. 41712 (unfair or deceptive practices) and would subject a carrier 

to enforcement action.”). 

44. Despite the significant backlash regarding United’s cancelation and refund policy, 

United continues to refuse to provide a cash refund to passengers for flights that United canceled. 

CLASS ALLEGATIONS 

45. Plaintiff brings this action, individually and, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure 23(a), 23(b)(2), and/or 23(b)(3), on behalf of a Nationwide Class defined as follows: 

All persons in the United States who purchased airline tickets through 

United Airlines, or for flights on United Airlines, to, from or within the 

States, and sought to cancel their flights, or had their flights cancelled, on 

or after February 29, 2020. 

46. In the alternative, Plaintiff brings this class action on behalf of the following State 

Subclass: 

The Vermont Class: 

All persons in Vermont who purchased airline tickets through United 

Airlines, or for flights on United Airlines, to, from or within the States, and 

sought to cancel their flights, or had their flights cancelled, on or after 

February 29, 2020. 

Excluded from the Class are: (a) Defendants; (b) Defendants’ affiliates, agents, employees, 

officers and directors; and (c) the judge assigned to this matter, the judge’s staff, and any member 

of the judge’s immediate family. 

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47. Numerosity: Upon information and belief, the Class is so numerous that joinder of 

all members is impracticable. While the exact number and identity of individual members of the 

Class are unknown at this time, such information being in the sole possession of United and 

obtainable by Plaintiff only through the discovery process. Plaintiff believes, and on that basis 

allege, that the Class consists of hundreds of thousands of people. The number of Class members 

can be determined based on United’s records. 

48. Commonality: Common questions of law and fact exist as to all members of each 

Class. These questions predominate over questions affecting individual Class members. These 

common legal and factual questions include, but are not limited to: 

a. Whether federal regulations require United to provide passengers a refund 

when United cancels the passenger’s flight; 

b. Whether United committed common law fraud; 

c. Whether United was unjustly enriched by its conduct; and 

d. Whether United violated the Vermont Consumer Fraud Act. 

49. Typicality: Plaintiff has the same interest in this matter as all Class members, and 

Plaintiff’s claims arise out of the same set of facts and conduct as the claims of all Class members. 

Plaintiff’s and Class members’ claims all arise out United’s uniform conduct, statements, and 

unlawful, unfair, and deceptive acts and practices. 

50. Adequacy: Plaintiff has no interest that conflicts with the interests of the Class, and 

is committed to pursuing this action vigorously. Plaintiff has retained counsel competent and 

experienced in complex consumer class action litigation. Accordingly, Plaintiff and his counsel 

will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the Class. 

51. Superiority: A class action is superior to all other available means of fair and 

efficient adjudication of the claims of Plaintiff and members of the Class. The injury suffered by 

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each individual Class member is relatively small compared to the burden and expense of individual 

prosecution of the complex and extensive litigation necessitated by United’s conduct. It would be 

virtually impossible for members of the Class individually to effectively redress the wrongs done 

to them. Even if the members of the Class could afford such individual litigation, the court system 

could not. Individualized litigation increases the delay and expense to all parties, and to the court 

system, presented by the complex legal and factual issues of this case. Individualized rulings and 

judgments could result in inconsistent relief for similarly-situated individuals. By contrast, the 

class action device presents far fewer management difficulties, and provides the benefits of single 

adjudication, economy of scale, and comprehensive supervision by a single court. 

52. United has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to the Class, 

thereby making appropriate final injunctive relief and corresponding declaratory relief with respect 

to the Class as a whole. 

COUNT I 

VIOLATIONS OF THE ILLINOIS CONSUMER 

FRAUD AND DECEPTIVE PRACTICES ACT 

(on behalf of the Nationwide Class) 

 

53. Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference all paragraphs as though fully set 

forth herein. 

54. Illinois’s Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act prohibits unfair or 

deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce, including among others, “the 

use or employment of any deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation or the 

concealment, suppression or omission of any material fact, ... whether any person has in fact been 

misled, deceived, or damaged thereby.” 815 ILCS 505/2. The Act also prohibits suppliers from 

representing that their goods are of a particular quality or grade that they are not. 

55. Airline tickets are “merchandise” as defined in 815 ILCS 505/1(b). United is a 

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“person” as defined in 815 ILCS 505/1(c). Plaintiff and the other Class members are “consumers” 

as defined in 815 ILCS 505/1(e). 

56. In the course of United’s business, it knowingly and intentionally failed to provide 

refunds to consumers, such as Plaintiff, when Defendant cancelled their flights. 

57. United had actual knowledge of the Enforcement Notice and consumers’ right to a 

refund as described herein, but refused to provide refunds to consumers. 

58. Upon being contacted by consumers, such as Plaintiff, United engaged in unfair 

and deceptive acts and practices by stating consumers were only able to obtain a voucher and not 

a refund. 

59. United’s unfair and deceptive practices were done to enrich its bottom line to the 

detriment of Plaintiff and the Class. 

60. The injuries suffered by Plaintiff and the Class are greatly outweighed by any 

potential countervailing benefit to consumers or to competition, nor are they injuries that Plaintiff 

and the Class should have reasonably avoided. 

61. Plaintiff’s and the other Class members’ injuries were proximately caused by 

Defendant’s fraudulent and deceptive business practices. 

62. United’s conduct in this regard was wanton, willful, outrageous, and in reckless 

indifference to the rights of Plaintiff and the other Class members and, as such, warrants the 

imposition of punitive damages. 

COUNT II 

COMMON LAW FRAUD 

(on behalf of the Nationwide Class or, alternatively, the Vermont Class) 

63. Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference all paragraphs as though fully set 

forth herein. 

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64. United made material misrepresentations and/or omissions concerning the ability 

of Plaintiff and Class members to receive refunds for cancelled flights. For example, United falsely 

represented that Plaintiff and the Class members were only able to receive travel vouchers United 

did not fully and truthfully disclose to its customers that they were entitled to receive refunds. As 

a result, Plaintiff and the other Class members were fraudulently induced to purchase airline tickets 

and were unable to pursue refunds of amounts paid for tickets. 

65. United had a duty to disclose that Plaintiff and the Class members were entitled to 

refunds when Plaintiff and the Class members contacted United seeking refunds. 

66. These misrepresentations and omissions were made by United with knowledge of 

their falsity, and with the intent that Plaintiff and Class members rely upon them. 

67. Plaintiff and Class members reasonably relied on these omissions, and suffered 

damages as a result. 

COUNT III 

UNJUST ENRICHMENT 

(on behalf of the Nationwide Class or, alternatively, the Vermont Class) 

68. Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference all paragraphs as though fully set 

forth herein. 

69. Plaintiff and the Class conferred a direct benefit on United by purchasing airline 

tickets. 

70. United knowingly and willingly accepted and enjoyed the benefits conferred on it 

by Plaintiff and the Class. 

71. United’s retention of these benefits in unjust and inequitable due to the conduct 

described herein. 

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15 

72. As a direct and proximate cause of United’s unjust enrichment, Plaintiff and the 

Class are entitled to an accounting, restitution, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest. 

COUNT IV 

VIOLATIONS OF THE VERMONT CONSUMER FRAUD ACT 

(on behalf of the Vermont Class) 

73. Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference all paragraphs as though fully set 

forth herein. 

74. The Vermont Consumer Fraud Act (“VCPA”) makes it unlawful to commit “Unfair 

methods of competition in commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce.” 9 

V.S.A. § 2453(a). The VCPA provides a private right of action for “[a]ny consumer who contracts 

for goods or services in reliance upon false or fraudulent representations or practices ... or who 

sustains damages or injury as a result of any false or fraudulent representations or practices” 

prohibited by the VCPA. .” 9 V.S.A. § 2461(b). 

75. Plaintiff is a “consumer” as defined by 9 V.S.A. § 2451a(a). 

76. United is a “seller” of “goods” or “services” as defined by 9 V.S.A. § 2451a(b)-(c). 

77. In the course of United’s business, it knowingly and intentionally failed to provide 

refunds to consumers, such as Plaintiff, when United cancelled their flights. 

78. United had actual knowledge of the Enforcement Notice and consumers’ right to a 

refund as described herein, but refused to provide refunds to consumers. 

79. Upon being contacted by consumers, such as Plaintiff, United engaged in unfair 

and deceptive acts and practices by stating consumers were only able to obtain a voucher and not 

a refund. 

80. United’s unfair and deceptive practices were done to enrich its bottom line to the 

detriment of Plaintiff and the Class. 

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81. As set forth above, United’s actions occurred in the conduct of trade or commerce 

and constitutes unfair and/or deceptive trade practices under the VCPA. 

82. Plaintiff and the Class relied upon and were deceived by United’s unfair and 

deceptive misrepresentations of material fact in deciding to purchase airline tickets from United. 

83. Plaintiff and the Class were injured as a result of United’s conduct, and suffered 

ascertainable monetary loss. Plaintiff and the class members and did not receive the benefit of their 

bargain. 

84. Plaintiff seeks an award of actual damages, treble damages, attorney’s fees and 

costs as permitted by the VCPA. 9 V.S.A. § 2461(b). 

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the Class, respectfully requests that 

this Court: 

A. Determine that the claims alleged herein may be maintained as a class action 

under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and issue an order 

certifying the Class(es) as defined above; 

B. Appoint Plaintiff as the representative of the Class and his counsel as Class 

Counsel; 

C. Award all actual, general, special, incidental, statutory, punitive, and 

consequential damages to which Plaintiff and Class members are entitled; 

D. Award pre-judgment and post-judgment interest on such monetary relief; 

E. Grant appropriate injunctive and/or declaratory relief, including, without 

limitation, an order that requires United to issue refunds of ticket prices to 

any member of the class who requests a refund; 

F. Award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs; and 

G. Grant such further relief that this Court deems appropriate. 

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JURY DEMAND 

 Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the putative Class, demands a trial by jury on all issues 

so triable. 

Dated: April 6, 2020 Respectfully submitted, 

/s/ Daniel O. Herrera 

Daniel O. Herrera 

State Bar No. 6296731 

Nickolas J. Hagman 

State Bar No. 6317689 

CAFFERTY CLOBES MERIWETHER 

& SPRENGEL LLP

150 S. Wacker, Suite 3000 

Chicago, Illinois 60606 

Telephone: 312-782-4880 

Facsimile: 318-782-4485 

dherrera@caffertyclobes.com 

nhagman@caffertyclobes.com 

Bryan L. Clobes* 

CAFFERTY CLOBES MERIWETHER 

& SPRENGEL LLP

205 N. Monroe St. 

Media, Pennsylvania 19063 

Telephone: 215-864-2800 

bclobes@caffertyclobes.com 

Joseph G. Sauder* 

Joseph B. Kenney* 

SAUDER SCHELKOPF LLC 

1109 Lancaster Avenue 

Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312 

Telephone: (610) 200-0580 

jgs@sstriallawyers.com 

jbk@sstriallawyers.com 

Attorneys for the Plaintiff and the Putative Class 

*Admission pro hac vice anticipated 

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EXHIBIT B

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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 34 of 52 PageID #:101 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 9 of 27 PageID #:9
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 35 of 52 PageID #:102 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 10 of 27 PageID #:10


	




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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 37 of 52 PageID #:104 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 12 of 27 PageID #:12


	



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 38 of 52 PageID #:105 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 13 of 27 PageID #:13


	



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 39 of 52 PageID #:106 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 14 of 27 PageID #:14



	



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 40 of 52 PageID #:107 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 15 of 27 PageID #:15
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 41 of 52 PageID #:108 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 16 of 27 PageID #:16
	

	



 
		












	
	

			


	


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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 42 of 52 PageID #:109 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 17 of 27 PageID #:17
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 43 of 52 PageID #:110 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 18 of 27 PageID #:18
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 44 of 52 PageID #:111 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 19 of 27 PageID #:19
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 45 of 52 PageID #:112 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 20 of 27 PageID #:20


	



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 46 of 52 PageID #:113 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 21 of 27 PageID #:21


	



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 47 of 52 PageID #:114 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 22 of 27 PageID #:22


	






	

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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 48 of 52 PageID #:115 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 23 of 27 PageID #:23


	







	


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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 49 of 52 PageID #:116 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 24 of 27 PageID #:24



	







		



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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 50 of 52 PageID #:117 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 25 of 27 PageID #:25
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Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 51 of 52 PageID #:118 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 26 of 27 PageID #:26
	

	



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Attorneys for Plaintiff, individually and on behalf of 

all others similarly situated. 

Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 15 Filed: 05/04/20 Page 52 of 52 PageID #:119 Case: 1:20-cv-02142 Document #: 1 Filed: 04/06/20 Page 27 of 27 PageID #:27