{"id":303590,"date":"2023-07-11T20:19:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T00:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=feature&p=303590"},"modified":"2024-03-12T20:04:15","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T00:04:15","slug":"aeronautics-transformations","status":"publish","type":"feature","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/aeronautics-transformations\/","title":{"rendered":"Aeronautics Transformations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-feature-intro nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-feature-intro\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-intro-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full padding-left-3 padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-intro-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-intro-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"hds-feature-intro-heading display-120 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Transforming Flight<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Building on a legacy of aeronautical research that can trace its origins to the earliest days of powered, heavier-than-air flight, NASA remains committed to transforming aviation by dramatically reducing its environmental impact, improving efficiency while maintaining safety in more crowded skies, and paving the way to revolutionary aircraft shapes and propulsion that opens new possibilities for commercial air travel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-feature-intro-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.3); transform-origin: 49% 59%; object-position: 49% 59%; object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gettyimages-1178836762.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" \/><\/video><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-fifty-fifty hds-fifty-fifty-content-left bg-nasa-blue-shade padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-fifty-fifty\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner width-full grid-row\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner grid-row width-full\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center padding-4\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content-inner maxw-mobile-lg\"><h2 class=\"heading-48 margin-top-0 margin-bottom-3 color-spacesuit-white\">NASA is more than our nation’s space agency.<\/h2><p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white\">NASA’s first “A” stands for aeronautics. In this special feature, read about why aviation is so important to our economy and learn how NASA is transforming aviation for the 21st century in four key technological areas — all of which is intended to give you new options for air travel.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image-wrapper\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2044\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?w=2044\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Against a clear sky, the vertical tail fins of three F-15 jets used by NASA are seen, some displaying a NASA logo.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 16% 18%; object-position: 16% 18%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg 2044w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2044px) 100vw, 2044px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Left to right: workhorse F-15B #836, “Mr. Bones” F-15D #884, and “2nd to None” F-15D #897 on the back ramp at NASA’s Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA \/ Jim Ross<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 1<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Aviation and the U.S. Economy<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">You may not have flown today, but something you needed or used today did. The latest electronic gadget, flowers for a loved one, life-saving medicine, or even fresh seafood for supper — many of your most important needs and wants were delivered to you thanks to air travel. The importance of aviation in our lives and to our economy is undisputed. Ensuring we have the safest, most sustainable, and most advanced aeronautics technology is the goal of our hard-working aeronautical innovators.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Airplanes at the airport terminal.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 29% 92%; object-position: 29% 92%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-oversized-text width-full maxw-full padding-y-10 padding-x-4 bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-oversized-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block flex-align-center padding-x-0 padding-y-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-10 desktop:grid-col-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-oversized-text-content display-120 line-height-sm\">$1.25 trillion total U.S. economic impact from commercial aviation in 2022<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-3\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-hero-quote nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-x-3 display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center bg-carbon-80 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hero-quote\"><div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-3 square-3 margin-right-2\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hds-hero-quote-heading heading-36 font-weight-light line-height-md margin-bottom-5\">NASA's Aeronautics programs focus on research, development, and testing of aviation technology advancements that will benefit humankind and retain U.S. leadership in a vital manufacturing and transportation sector.\u201d<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-2\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bob-pearce2_0.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bob-pearce2_0.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bob-pearce2_0.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bob-pearce2_0.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bob-pearce2_0.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-name text-uppercase heading-12 margin-bottom-1\">robert pearce<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-title padding-0 margin-0 line-height-sm\">NASA Associate Administrator for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-fifty-fifty hds-fifty-fifty-content-left bg-nasa-blue-shade padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-fifty-fifty\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner width-full grid-row\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner grid-row width-full\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center padding-4\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content-inner maxw-mobile-lg\"><h2 class=\"heading-48 margin-top-0 margin-bottom-3 color-spacesuit-white\">Why Should I Care?<\/h2><p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white\">Here are some fast facts about aviation’s contributions to the U.S. economy:<br><strong>\u2022  8.97 million flights by U.S. carriers worldwide in 2022<br>\u2022  24 million tons of freight transported by U.S. airlines in 2022<br>\u2022  $77.3 billion positive manufacturing trade balance in 2022<br>\u2022  2.2 million aerospace\/defense jobs; 602,000 in aeronautics\/aircraft in 2022<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image-wrapper\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1554\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Three commercial jets taxiing on the runway.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 0% 2%; object-position: 0% 2%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg 2636w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=300,228 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=768,583 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=1024,777 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=1536,1165 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=2048,1554 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=400,303 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=600,455 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=900,683 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=1200,910 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/runwaysolutions.jpg?resize=2000,1517 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Three passenger aircrafts in heavy traffic on the taxiway of Zurich international airport. Aircraft types on picture include Airbus A380 (middle). Two moving away, one approaching. Looks like the aircrafts are deadlocked in a taxiway traffic jam.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Getty Images<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container color-mode-light bg-spacesuit-white hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-y-9 padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row width-full\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 display-block desktop:display-none desktop:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-5\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist illustration of the X-66 in flight above the clouds with the sun in the background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 68% 38%; object-position: 68% 38%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg 5440w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=300,164 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=768,419 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1024,558 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1536,837 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=2048,1116 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=400,218 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=600,327 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=900,491 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1200,654 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=2000,1090 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Artist\u2019s concept of the X-66 aircraft that Boeing will produce through NASA\u2019s Sustainable Flight Demonstrator project. <\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Boeing<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner width-mobile-lg margin-bottom-7 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-carbon-black-important\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-carbon-black-important\">NASA is working on innovative transformations in aviation<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-carbon-black-important\">Our vision includes faster air travel, new choices for moving people and cargo through the National Airspace System, and all of it happening more safely and sustainably than ever before.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 display-none desktop:display-block desktop:grid-col-6\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist illustration of the X-66 in flight above the clouds with the sun in the background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 68% 38%; object-position: 68% 38%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg 5440w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=300,164 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=768,419 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1024,558 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1536,837 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=2048,1116 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=400,218 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=600,327 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=900,491 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=1200,654 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/x-66-yr0jv9-boe-x66-image10-01a-post.jpg?resize=2000,1090 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Artist\u2019s concept of the X-66 aircraft that Boeing will produce through NASA\u2019s Sustainable Flight Demonstrator project. <\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Boeing<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label  color-carbon-black-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 3<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">The Aviation Carbon Reduction Challenge<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">By 2050, an estimated 10 billion passengers will fly a distance of 14 trillion revenue passenger miles each year. With today’s fleet and operational efficiency, this activity would require more than 620 megatonnes (Mt) of fuel and generate close to 2,000 Mt of CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Imagine meeting that demand for air travel while reducing net CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions to zero by 2050.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist illustration of an aerial view of the Transonic Truss-Braced Wing aircraft in flight above a forest of green trees.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 5% 23%; object-position: 5% 23%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ttbw-90-aerial-forest-16x9-2-no-logo.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-oversized-text width-full maxw-full padding-y-10 padding-x-4 bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-oversized-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block flex-align-center padding-x-0 padding-y-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-10 desktop:grid-col-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-oversized-text-content display-120 line-height-sm\">U.S. aviation goal is to achieve <strong><strong>net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-3\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Safer, sustainable air traffic operations in the sky <\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Increased operational efficiency brought on by innovative air traffic management solutions reduces fuel burn, carbon emissions, contrail formation, and ozone impact throughout the National Airspace System.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Illustration of airport tower and a terminal.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 45%; object-position: 52% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg 3297w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=300,202 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=768,518 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=1024,691 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=1536,1036 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=2048,1381 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=400,270 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=600,405 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=900,607 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=1200,809 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/istock-000007608295-large.jpg?resize=2000,1349 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-oversized-text width-full maxw-full padding-y-10 padding-x-4 bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-oversized-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block flex-align-center padding-x-0 padding-y-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-10 desktop:grid-col-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-oversized-text-content display-120 line-height-sm\">We are fully committed to safely optimizing flight operations to <strong>benefit the environment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-3\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-full\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?w=2000\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A team of researchers are seen inside the cockpit of a Boeing 787-10.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ecod-sea-chs-efficient-flying-test-5-20bft00095-076-paulweatherman.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A view from the front office of a Boeing 787-10 Dreamliner during a series of test flights in 2020 in which NASA flew a pair of research projects to gather data on aircraft noise and test an air traffic management digital data communications tool known as Tailored Arrival Manager (TAM). TAM is a system designed to detect a potential problem \u2013 perhaps bad weather or traffic congestion ahead \u2013 generate an efficient new course for the airplane to follow that resolves the problem as it approaches its destination, and then digitally transmit the resulting course change instruction directly to the cockpit. Results from these tests of TAM will help enable future flight operations to be more fuel efficient while minimizing delays, especially during busy traffic conditions. The collaboration with Boeing was part of the company\u2019s ecoDemonstrator program.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Boeing<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 5<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">High-Speed Commercial Flight<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">NASA’s aeronautical innovators are leading a government-industry team to collect data that could make commercial supersonic flight over land possible, dramatically reducing travel time in the United States or anywhere in the world. At the same time, others are considering even faster, hypersonic air travel with vehicles moving more than 5 times the speed of sound.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA's X-59 airplane sits in its hangar with lights shining on it.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 65% 0%; object-position: 65% 0%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg 3598w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/p23-171-176.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-oversized-text width-full maxw-full padding-y-10 padding-x-4 bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-oversized-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block flex-align-center padding-x-0 padding-y-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-10 desktop:grid-col-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-oversized-text-content display-120 line-height-sm\">NASA is addressing the <strong>unique<\/strong> <strong>barriers<\/strong> to sustainable high-speed flight. <\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-3\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-story width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-story\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-y-9 padding-x-4\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-5 margin-bottom-6 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"subtitle-md\">History<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-48\">Reassessing a 50-Year Supersonic Speed Limit<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"heading-18 line-height-md\">Fifty years ago, the federal government banned all civilian supersonic flights over land.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md\">The rule prohibits non-military aircraft from flying faster than sound so their resulting sonic booms won\u2019t startle the public below or concern them about potential property damage. Officially put into effect on April 27, 1973, the ban\u2019s introduction was strongly influenced by public opinion surveys in cities where supersonic military jets were flown overhead, and many folks said they didn\u2019t like what they heard or the way their windows rattled because of the sonic booms.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/nasas-quesst-reassessing-a-50-year-supersonic-speed-limit\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">\n                        Learn More <span class=\"usa-sr-only\">about Reassessing a 50-Year Supersonic Speed Limit<\/span>                    <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-left-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full display-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/what-is-a-sonic-boom.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" \/><\/video><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">When an airplane flies at or above the speed of sound, air molecules cannot move out of the way of the airplane fast enough, so the pressure waves combine to generate a large shockwave, which people on the ground hear as a sonic boom.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 6<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Advanced Air Mobility Missions are Emerging<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">NASA is working with its partners in industry, government, and academia to build a system that enables the possibility of safely soaring over traffic in air taxis, providing medical and other emergency services by drone, and receiving packages at your doorstep using faster and more sustainable forms of air transportation. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist illustration of a rotorcraft cargo transport flying over the Loading Bay 3 warehouse preparing to land on the vertiport.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 0% 6%; object-position: 0% 6%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cargo_aam.jpeg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-oversized-text width-full maxw-full padding-y-10 padding-x-4 bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-oversized-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block flex-align-center padding-x-0 padding-y-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-10 desktop:grid-col-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-oversized-text-content display-120 line-height-sm\">NASA research is focusing on <strong>vehicle development and operation, airspace design and operations,<\/strong> and <strong>community integration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-3\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-full\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1042\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Graphic illustration showing regional area with a river flowing in between the two land masses. At the horizon line is a forest on fire with an unmanned aircraft flying towards it to put out the fire. The graphic also shows city areas, with urban operations for on-demand air-taxi, cargo delivery, airport transfers, high-density corridor, fleet operations, medical transfer, air ambulance, cross-metro transfers, package delivery. Also depicted in the scene are inter-city eCTOL, distribution center\/warehouses, regional networks, rural operations, cargo delivery and Inter-City eV\/STOL. UML-4 is depicted in orange. UML-3 is in yellow. UML-2 in green and UML-1 in blue.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png 5120w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=300,153 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=768,391 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=1024,521 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=1536,781 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=2048,1042 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=400,203 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=600,305 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=900,458 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=1200,610 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/aam-rural-regional-urban-intercity.png?resize=2000,1017 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible aviation for transformational local and intraregional missions is what Advanced Air Mobility is all about. This illustration highlights some of its potential features and services.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA \/ Kyle Jenkins<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-chapter-divider nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container minh-tablet color-mode-dark hds-cover-wrapper bg-carbon-black hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-chapter-divider\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content z-300\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-divider-content-inner margin-bottom-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Chapter 7<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"display-60 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Engaging the University Community<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Teams of university faculty and students selected for NASA’s University Leadership Initiative and other activities are exploring transformational innovations in aeronautics, including high-speed flight, advanced air mobility, future airspace and safety, and sustainable aviation that relies on green technologies such as electrified propulsion.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-chapter-tag-wrapper padding-bottom-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label hds-chapter-divider-label label color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-tag-label-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z\"\/><polygon points=\"10,11.1 6.8,7.8 6,8.6 10,12.6 14,8.6 13.2,7.8 \"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Scroll to Continue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist illustration of a lightbulb with the start of plant growth.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 54% 40%; object-position: 54% 40%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png 8151w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=300,186 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=768,476 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=1024,634 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=1536,951 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=2048,1268 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=400,248 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=600,372 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=900,557 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=1200,743 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/innovation-ecosystem.png?resize=2000,1239 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-full\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1158\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A map of the United States showing college logos.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=300,170 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=768,434 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=1024,579 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=1536,868 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=2048,1158 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=400,226 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=600,339 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=900,509 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=1200,678 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nasa-uli-map-6.png?resize=2000,1131 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This map shows the location of schools participating in NASA’s University Leadership Initiative, an effort aimed to help college students gain real-word experience in conducting research to help solve the key challenges facing the aviation community today.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-fifty-fifty hds-fifty-fifty-content-left bg-nasa-blue-shade padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-fifty-fifty\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner width-full grid-row\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-inner grid-row width-full\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center padding-4\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-content-inner maxw-mobile-lg\"><h2 class=\"heading-48 margin-top-0 margin-bottom-3 color-spacesuit-white\"><strong>Seven Rounds of Solicitations Leading to $199M of Awards<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"p-lg margin-0 color-spacesuit-white\">\u2022 30 teams awarded to date<br>\u2022 86 universities including 11 Historically Black Colleges and Universities \/ 16 other Minority Serving Institutions<br>\u2022 584 proposals submitted<br>\u2022 417 different proposing Principal Investigators<br>\u2022 More than 4,000 total team members<br>\u2022 20\u201350 students per team<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\"><div class=\"hds-fifty-fifty-item-image-wrapper\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1430\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A college student holds a model airplane while talking about it with some high school students.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 0% 58%; object-position: 0% 58%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg 3024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=300,210 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=768,536 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=1024,715 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=1536,1073 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=2048,1430 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=400,279 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=600,419 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=900,629 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=1200,838 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/bgc-regal-1.jpg?resize=2000,1397 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Research students from the University of Tennessee, who are working to design an ultra-efficient wing as part of the school\u2019s University Leadership Initiative project, explain airplane control surfaces to students at the Regal Boys & Girls Club in Knoxville, TN.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">University of Tennessee \/ Hans Sati Goertz<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-hero-quote nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-x-3 display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center bg-carbon-80 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hero-quote\"><div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-3 square-3 margin-right-2\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hds-hero-quote-heading heading-36 font-weight-light line-height-md margin-bottom-5\">We're giving the academic community an opportunity to support\u00a0NASA\u2019s aeronautical research goals\u00a0and provide students with valuable experience trying to solve real-world technical challenges.<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-2\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png 1058w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=768,769 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cropped-meatball2-1.png?resize=900,900 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-name text-uppercase heading-12 margin-bottom-1\">KOUSHIK DAtTA<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-title padding-0 margin-0 line-height-sm\">University Innovation Project Manager<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-feature-outro nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full grid-container color-mode-dark bg-carbon-black padding-y-5 padding-x-4 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-feature-outro\"><div class=\"hds-feature-outro-wrapper height-full margin-right-auto margin-left-auto grid-container maxw-widescreen width-full padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-outro-grid grid-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-outro-content grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-outro-content-inner width-full maxw-tablet\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"hds-feature-outro-heading line-height-md heading-22 margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white\">Let’s Fly!<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"margin-0 color-spacesuit-white\">NASA\u2019s work in aeronautics is critical to meeting the nation\u2019s goal of net zero greenhouse emissions in the aviation industry by 2050. We will do this by accelerating research and development of aircraft technologies that are more efficient and quieter, without compromising safety. Achieving this goal is also critical to the competitiveness of the U.S. aviation industry. Our vision and partnerships don\u2019t stop there. Through ambitious experimental programs, including the X-57 electric aircraft, X-59 supersonic aircraft, and the X-66A Sustainable Flight Demonstrator, NASA is poised to transform the future of air travel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-feature-outro-image hds-feature-outro-image-frontend margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-left-0 desktop:padding-left-4\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><video class=\"hds-video-background\" alt=\"Video showing the clouds moving in the background while a person is working on a NASA plane stationary in the foreground.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.4); transform-origin: 2% 56%; object-position: 2% 56%; object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/img-8973-moving2.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" \/><\/video><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Stay Informed by Visiting these NASA Aeronautics Pages<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/armd\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg?w=610\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/armd\/aeronautics-stem\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Aeronautics STEM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?w=610\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/es\/aero\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Aeron\u00e1utica en espa\u00f1ol<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1187\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg 1553w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=300,232 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=768,593 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1024,791 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1536,1187 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=400,309 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=600,464 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=900,695 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1200,927 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Aeronautics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?w=1000\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?resize=300,219 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?resize=768,561 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?resize=400,292 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?resize=600,438 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/afrc2021-0090-0020-imagegalleriesaz.jpg?resize=900,657 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":387015,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"48","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":["47"],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2660,2874],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[10616],"coauthors":[8588,8594],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Aeronautics Transformations","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/aeronautics-transformations\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/aeronautics-transformations\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg"},"articleSection":"Aeronautics","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jim Banke"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Lillian Gipson"}],"creator":["Jim Banke","Lillian Gipson"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["NASA Directorates","Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate","Aeronautics"],"dateCreated":"2023-07-12T00:19:52Z","datePublished":"2023-07-12T00:19:52Z","dateModified":"2024-03-13T00:04:15Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Aeronautics Transformations\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/aeronautics-transformations\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-07-12T00:19:52Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Aeronautics\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Directorates,Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate,Aeronautics\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jim Banke\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Lillian Gipson\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":1,"featured_image":{"id":387015,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/afrc2016-0073-72jb.jpg","title":"NASA F-15 aircraft tails on display","alt":"Against a clear sky, the vertical tail fins of three F-15 jets used by NASA are seen, some displaying a NASA logo.","caption":"Left to right: workhorse F-15B #836, \"Mr. Bones\" F-15D #884, and \"2nd to None\" F-15D #897 on the back ramp at NASA's Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature\/303590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/feature"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"version-history":[{"count":187,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature\/303590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":662877,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature\/303590\/revisions\/662877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/387015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=303590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=303590"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=303590"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=303590"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=303590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}