I

105TH CONGRESS

1ST SESSION H. R. 788

To expand the powers of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Bureau

of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and sale of firearms and ammunition, and to expand the jurisdiction

of the Bureau to include firearm products and non-powder firearms.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

FEBRUARY 13, 1997

Mr. OWENS (for himself, Mr. SCHUMER, and Mr. HASTINGS of Florida) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To expand the powers of the Secretary of the Treasury

and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to

regulate the manufacture, distribution, and sale of firearms and ammunition, and to expand the jurisdiction

of the Bureau to include firearm products and nonpowder firearms.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the

5 ‘‘Firearms Safety and Violence Prevention Act of 1997’’.
2

HR 788 IH

1 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of

2 this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

Sec. 2. Purposes.

TITLE I—REGULATION OF FIREARM PRODUCTS

Sec. 101. Regulatory authority.

Sec. 102. Orders; inspections.

TITLE II—PROHIBITIONS

Sec. 201. Prohibitions.

Sec. 202. Inapplicability to governmental authorities.

TITLE III—ENFORCEMENT

SUBTITLE A—CIVIL ENFORCEMENT

Sec. 301. Civil penalties.

Sec. 302. Injunctive enforcement and seizure.

Sec. 303. Imminently hazardous firearms.

Sec. 304. Private cause of action.

Sec. 305. Private enforcement of this Act.

Sec. 306. Effect on private remedies.

SUBTITLE B—CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT

Sec. 351. Criminal penalties.

TITLE IV—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

Sec. 401. Firearms violence information and research.

Sec. 402. Annual reports to the Congress.

TITLE V—RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW

Sec. 501. Subordination to the Arms Export Control Act.

Sec. 502. Effect on State law.

TITLE VI—DEFINITIONS

Sec. 601. Definitions.

TITLE VII—EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 701. Effective date.

3 SEC. 2. PURPOSES.

4 The purposes of this Act are—
3

HR 788 IH

1 (1) to protect the public against unreasonable

2 risk of injury and death associated with firearms

3 and related products;

4 (2) to develop safety standards for firearms and

5 related products;

6 (3) to assist consumers in evaluating the com7 parative safety of firearms and related products;

8 (4) to promote research and investigation into

9 the causes and prevention of firearm-related deaths

10 and injuries;

11 (5) to restrict the availability of weapons that

12 pose an unreasonable risk of death or injury; and

13 (6) to restrict development of weapons that

14 pose a threat to public safety.

15 TITLE I—REGULATION OF

16 FIREARM PRODUCTS

17 SEC. 101. REGULATORY AUTHORITY.

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall prescribe

19 such regulations governing the design, manufacture, and

20 performance of, and commerce in, firearm products, con21 sistent with this Act, as are reasonably necessary to reduce

22 or prevent unreasonable risk of injury resulting from the

23 use of such products.

24 (b) MAXIMUM INTERVAL BETWEEN ISSUANCE OF

25 PROPOSED AND FINAL REGULATION.—Within 120 days
4

HR 788 IH

1 after the Secretary issues a proposed regulation under

2 subsection (a) with respect to a matter, the Secretary shall

3 issue a regulation in final form with respect to the matter.

4 (c) PETITIONS.—

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Any person may petition the

6 Secretary to—

7 (A) issue, amend, or repeal a regulation

8 prescribed under subsection (a) of this section;

9 or

10 (B) require the recall, repair, or replace11 ment of a firearm product, or the issuance of

12 refunds with respect to a firearm product.

13 (2) DEADLINE FOR ACTION ON PETITION.—

14 Within 120 days after receipt of a petition referred

15 to in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

16 (A) grant, in whole or in part, or deny the

17 petition; and

18 (B) provide the petitioner with the reasons

19 for granting or denying the petition.

20 SEC. 102. ORDERS; INSPECTIONS.

21 (a) AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT MANUFACTURE, SALE,

22 OR TRANSFER OF FIREARM PRODUCTS MADE, IMPORTED,

23 TRANSFERRED, OR DISTRIBUTED IN VIOLATION OF REG24 ULATION.—The Secretary may issue an order prohibiting

25 the manufacture, sale, or transfer of a firearm product
5

HR 788 IH

1 which the Secretary finds has been manufactured, or has

2 been or is intended to be imported, transferred, or distrib3 uted in violation of a regulation prescribed under this Act.

4 (b) AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE THE RECALL, REPAIR,

5 OR REPLACEMENT OF, OR THE PROVISION OF REFUNDS

6 WITH RESPECT TO FIREARM PRODUCTS.—The Secretary

7 may issue an order requiring the manufacturer of, and

8 any dealer in, a firearm product which the Secretary de9 termines poses an unreasonable risk of injury to the pub10 lic, is not in compliance with a regulation prescribed under

11 this Act, or is defective, to—

12 (1) provide notice of the risks associated with

13 the product, and of how to avoid or reduce the risks,

14 to—

15 (A) the public;

16 (B) in the case of the manufacturer of the

17 product, each dealer in the product; and

18 (C) in the case of a dealer in the product,

19 the manufacturer of the product and the other

20 persons known to the dealer as dealers in the

21 product;

22 (2) bring the product into conformity with the

23 regulations prescribed under this Act;

24 (3) repair the product;
6

HR 788 IH

1 (4) replace the product with a like or equivalent

2 product which is in compliance with such regula3 tions;

4 (5) refund the purchase price of the product,

5 or, if the product is more than 1 year old, a lesser

6 amount based on the value of the product after rea7 sonable use;

8 (6) recall the product from the stream of com9 merce; or

10 (7) submit to the Secretary a satisfactory plan

11 for implementation of any action required under this

12 subsection.

13 (c) AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT MANUFACTURE, IM14 PORTATION, TRANSFER, DISTRIBUTION, OR EXPORT OF

15 UNREASONABLY RISKY FIREARM PRODUCTS.—The Sec16 retary may issue an order prohibiting the manufacture,

17 importation, transfer, distribution, or export of a firearm

18 product if the Secretary determines that the exercise of

19 other authority under this Act would not be sufficient to

20 prevent the product from posing an unreasonable risk of

21 injury to the public.

22 (d) INSPECTIONS.—In order to ascertain compliance

23 with this Act and the regulations and orders issued under

24 this Act, the Secretary may, at reasonable times—
7

HR 788 IH

1 (1) enter any place in which firearm products

2 are manufactured, stored, or held, for distribution in

3 commerce, and inspect those areas where the prod4 ucts are manufactured, stored, or held; and

5 (2) enter and inspect any conveyance being

6 used to transport a firearm product.

7 TITLE II—PROHIBITIONS

8 SEC. 201. PROHIBITIONS.

9 (a) FAILURE OF MANUFACTURER TO TEST AND CER10 TIFY FIREARM PRODUCTS.—It shall be unlawful for the

11 manufacturer of a firearm product to transfer, distribute,

12 or export a firearm product unless—

13 (1) the manufacturer has tested the product in

14 order to ascertain whether the product is in con15 formity with the regulations prescribed under section

16 101;

17 (2) the product is in conformity with such regu18 lations; and

19 (3) the manufacturer has included in the pack20 aging of the product, and furnished to each person

21 to whom the product is distributed, a certificate

22 stating that the product is in conformity with such

23 regulations.

24 (b) FAILURE OF MANUFACTURER TO PROVIDE NO25 TICE OF NEW TYPES OF FIREARM PRODUCTS.—It shall
8

HR 788 IH

1 be unlawful for the manufacturer of a new type of firearm

2 product to manufacture the product, unless the manufac3 turer has provided the Secretary with—

4 (1) notice of the intent of the manufacturer to

5 manufacture the product; and

6 (2) a description of the product.

7 (c) FAILURE OF MANUFACTURER OR DEALER TO

8 LABEL FIREARM PRODUCTS.—It shall be unlawful for a

9 manufacturer of or dealer in firearms to transfer, distrib10 ute, or export a firearm product unless the product is ac11 companied by a label that contains—

12 (1) the name and address of the manufacturer

13 of the product;

14 (2) the name and address of any importer of

15 the product;

16 (3) a specification of the regulations prescribed

17 under this Act that apply to the product; and

18 (4) the certificate required by subsection (a)(3)

19 with respect to the product.

20 (d) FAILURE TO MAINTAIN OR PERMIT INSPECTION

21 OF RECORDS.—It shall be unlawful for an importer of,

22 manufacturer of, or dealer in a firearm product to fail

23 to—

24 (1) maintain such records, and supply such in25 formation, as the Secretary may require in order to
9

HR 788 IH

1 ascertain compliance with this Act and the regula2 tions and orders issued under this Act; and

3 (2) permit the Secretary to inspect and copy

4 such records at reasonable times.

5 (e) IMPORTATION AND EXPORTATION OF

6 UNCERTIFIED FIREARM PRODUCTS.—It shall be unlawful

7 for any person to import into the United States or export

8 a firearm product that is not accompanied by the certifi9 cate required by subsection (a)(3).

10 (f) COMMERCE IN FIREARM PRODUCTS IN VIOLA11 TION OF ORDER ISSUED OR REGULATION PRESCRIBED

12 UNDER THIS ACT.—It shall be unlawful for any person

13 to manufacture, offer for sale, distribute in commerce, im14 port into the United States, or export a firearm product—

15 (1) that is not in conformity with the regula16 tions prescribed under this Act; or

17 (2) in violation of an order issued under this

18 Act.

19 (g) STOCKPILING.—It shall be unlawful for any per20 son to manufacture, purchase, or import a firearm prod21 uct, after the date a regulation is prescribed under this

22 Act with respect to the product and before the date the
10

HR 788 IH

1 regulation takes effect, at a rate that is significantly great2 er than the rate at which the person manufactured, pur3 chased, or imported the product during a base period (pre4 scribed by the Secretary in regulations) ending before the

5 date the regulation is so prescribed.

6 SEC. 202. INAPPLICABILITY TO GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORI7 TIES.

8 Section 201 shall not apply to any department or

9 agency of the United States, of a State, or of a political

10 subdivision of a State, or to any official conduct of any

11 officer or employee of such a department or agency.

12 TITLE III—ENFORCEMENT

13 Subtitle A—Civil Enforcement

14 SEC. 301. CIVIL PENALTIES.

15 (a) AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE FINES.—

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall impose

17 upon any person who violates section 201 a civil fine

18 in an amount that does not exceed the applicable

19 amount.

20 (2) SCOPE OF OFFENSE.—Each violation of sec21 tion 201 (other than of subsection (a)(3) or (d) of

22 such section) shall constitute a separate offense with

23 respect to each firearm product involved.

24 (b) APPLICABLE AMOUNT.—
11

HR 788 IH

1 (1) FIRST 5-YEAR PERIOD.—The applicable

2 amount for the 5-year period described in subsection

3 (f)(1) is $5,000.

4 (2) THEREAFTER.—The applicable amount for

5 any 5-year period described in subsection (f)(2) is

6 the dollar amount in effect under this section for the

7 5-year period, rounded in accordance with subsection

8 (e).

9 (c) DOLLAR AMOUNT IN EFFECT UNDER THIS SEC10 TION.—The dollar amount in effect under this section for

11 a 5-year period—

12 (1) $5,000; multiplied by

13 (2) the applicable inflation percentage.

14 (d) APPLICABLE INFLATION PERCENTAGE.—

15 (1) FIRST 5-YEAR PERIOD.—The applicable in16 flation percentage for 5-year period described in sub17 section (f)(1) is 1.00.

18 (2) THEREAFTER.—The applicable inflation

19 percentage for any 5-year period described in sub20 section (f)(2) is the percentage (if any) by which—

21 (A) the average of the Consumer Price

22 Index (as defined in section 1(f)(5) of the Inter23 nal Revenue Code of 1986) for the 5-year pe24 riod ending on June 30 of the 5th year of the
12

HR 788 IH

1 immediately preceding 5-year period described

2 in subsection (f); exceeds

3 (B) the average of the Consumer Price

4 Index (as so defined) ending on June 30, 1997.

5 (e) ROUNDING RULES.—

If the dollar amount in effect

under this section for a 5-

year period is:

The dollar amount is rounded

to the nearest multiple of:

Over $1,000 but not over $10,000 .......................................... $1,000.

Over $10,000 but not over $100,000 ...................................... $5,000.

Over $100,000 but not over $200,000 .................................... $10,000.

Over $200,000 ......................................................................... $25,000.

6 (f) 5-YEAR PERIODS.—A 5-year period is described

7 in this subsection if the period is—

8 (1) the 5-year period that begins on January 1,

9 1998; or

10 (2) a 5-year period that begins at the end of a

11 5-year period described in this subsection.

12 (g) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—Not

13 later than December 1, 1997, and every 5 years there14 after, the Secretary shall prescribe and publish in the Fed15 eral Register the schedule of maximum authorized pen16 alties that will apply for violations referred to in sub17 section (a) that occur during the 5-year period that begins

18 on the next January 1.

19 SEC. 302. INJUNCTIVE ENFORCEMENT AND SEIZURE.

20 (a) INJUNCTIVE ENFORCEMENT.—Upon request of

21 the Secretary, the Attorney General of the United States

22 may bring an action to restrain any violation of section
13

HR 788 IH

1 201 in the United States district court for any district

2 in which the violation has occurred, or in which the de3 fendant is found or transacts business.

4 (b) CONDEMNATION.—

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Upon request of the Sec6 retary, the Attorney General of the United States

7 may bring an action in rem for condemnation of a

8 qualified firearm product in the United States dis9 trict court for any district in which the Secretary

10 has found and seized for confiscation the product.

11 (2) QUALIFIED FIREARM PRODUCT DEFINED.—

12 As used in paragraph (1), the term ‘‘qualified fire13 arm product’’ means a firearm product—

14 (A) that is being transported or having

15 been transported remains unsold, is sold or of16 fered for sale, is imported, or is to be exported;

17 and

18 (B)(i) that is not in compliance with a reg19 ulation prescribed or an order issued under this

20 Act; or

21 (ii) with respect to which relief has been

22 granted under section 303.

23 SEC. 303. IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS FIREARMS.

24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the pendency of

25 any other proceeding in a court of the United States, the
14

HR 788 IH

1 Secretary may bring an action in a United States district

2 court to restrain any person who is a manufacturer of,

3 or dealer in, an imminently hazardous firearm product

4 from manufacturing, distributing, transferring, importing,

5 or exporting the product.

6 (b) IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS FIREARM PRODUCT.—

7 As used in subsection (a), the term ‘‘imminently hazard8 ous firearm product’’ means any firearm product with re9 spect to which the Secretary determines that—

10 (1) the product poses an unreasonable risk of

11 injury to the public; and

12 (2) time is of the essence in protecting the pub13 lic from the risks posed by the product.

14 (c) RELIEF.—In an action brought under subsection

15 (a), the court may grant such temporary or permanent

16 relief as may be necessary to protect the public from the

17 risks posed by the firearm product, including—

18 (1) seizure of the product; and

19 (2) an order requiring—

20 (A) the purchasers of the product to be no21 tified of the risks posed by the product;

22 (B) the public to be notified of the risks

23 posed by the product; or

24 (C) the defendant to recall, repair, or re25 place the product, or refund the purchase price
15

HR 788 IH

1 of the product (or, if the product is more than

2 1 year old, a lesser amount based on the value

3 of the product after reasonable use).

4 (d) VENUE.—An action under subsection (a)(2) may

5 be brought in the United States district court for the Dis6 trict of Columbia or for any district in which any defend7 ant is found or transacts business.

8 SEC. 304. PRIVATE CAUSE OF ACTION.

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Any person aggrieved by any vio10 lation of this Act or of any regulation prescribed or order

11 issued under this Act by another person may bring an ac12 tion against such other person in any United States dis13 trict court for damages, including consequential damages.

14 In any action under this section, the court, in its discre15 tion, may award to a prevailing plaintiff a reasonable at16 torney’s fee as part of the costs.

17 (b) RULE OF INTERPRETATION.—The remedy pro18 vided for in subsection (a) shall be in addition to any other

19 remedy provided by common law or under Federal or State

20 law.

21 SEC. 305. PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT.

22 Any interested person may bring an action in any

23 United States district court to enforce this Act, or restrain

24 any violation of this Act or of any regulation prescribed

25 or order issued under this Act. In any action under this
16

HR 788 IH

1 section, the court, in its discretion, may award to a pre2 vailing plaintiff a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the

3 costs.

4 SEC. 306. EFFECT ON PRIVATE REMEDIES.

5 (a) IRRELEVANCY OF COMPLIANCE WITH THIS

6 ACT.—Compliance with this Act or any order issued or

7 regulation prescribed under this Act shall not relieve any

8 person from liability to any person under common law or

9 State statutory law.

10 (b) IRRELEVANCY OF FAILURE TO TAKE ACTION

11 UNDER THIS ACT.—The failure of the Secretary to take

12 any action authorized under this Act shall not be admissi13 ble in litigation relating to the product under common law

14 or State statutory law.

15 Subtitle B—Criminal Enforcement

16 SEC. 351. CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

17 Any person who has received from the Secretary a

18 notice that the person has violated a provision of this Act

19 or of a regulation prescribed under this Act with respect

20 to a firearm product and knowingly violates such provision

21 with respect to the product shall be fined under title 18,

22 United States Code, imprisoned not more than 2 years,

23 or both.
17

HR 788 IH

1 TITLE IV—ADMINISTRATIVE

2 PROVISIONS

3 SEC. 401. FIREARMS VIOLENCE INFORMATION AND RE4 SEARCH.

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall—

6 (1) maintain a Firearms Violence Information

7 Clearinghouse to collect, investigate, analyze, and

8 disseminate data and information relating to the

9 causes and prevention of death and injury associated

10 with firearms;

11 (2) conduct continuing studies and investiga12 tions of firearm-related deaths and injuries and the

13 resulting economic costs and losses;

14 (3) compile an annual report detailing each case

15 of criminal misuse of machineguns registered under

16 the National Firearms Act that is known to the Sec17 retary;

18 (4) collect and maintain current production and

19 sales figures for each person registered as a manu20 facturer under the Gun Control Act;

21 (5) conduct research on, studies of, and inves22 tigation into the safety of firearm products and im23 proving the safety of firearm products; and

24 (6) develop firearm safety testing methods and

25 testing devices.
18

HR 788 IH

1 (b) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—On a regular

2 basis, but not less frequently than annually, the Secretary

3 shall make available to the public the results of the activi4 ties of the Secretary under paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and

5 (4) of subsection (a).

6 SEC. 402. ANNUAL REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.

7 The Secretary shall prepare and submit to the Presi8 dent and the Congress at the beginning of each regular

9 session of the Congress, a comprehensive report on the

10 administration of this Act for the most recently completed

11 fiscal year. The report shall include—

12 (1) a thorough appraisal, including statistical

13 analyses and projections, of the incidence of injury

14 and death and effects on the population resulting

15 from firearm products, with a breakdown, as prac16 ticable, among the various types of such products as17 sociated with the injuries and deaths;

18 (2) a list of firearm safety regulations pre19 scribed that year;

20 (3) an evaluation of the degree of compliance

21 with firearm safety regulations, including a list of

22 enforcement actions, court decisions, and settlements

23 of alleged violations, by name and location of the vi24 olator or alleged violator, as the case may be;
19

HR 788 IH

1 (4) a summary of the outstanding problems

2 hindering enforcement of this Act, in the order of

3 priority; and

4 (5) a log and summary of meetings between the

5 Secretary or employees of the Secretary and rep6 resentatives of industry, interested groups, or other

7 interested parties.

8 TITLE V—RELATIONSHIP TO

9 OTHER LAW

10 SEC. 501. SUBORDINATION TO ARMS EXPORT CONTROL

11 ACT.

12 In the event of any conflict between any provision of

13 this Act and any provision of the Arms Export Control

14 Act, the provision of the Arms Export Control Act shall

15 control.

16 SEC. 502. EFFECT ON STATE LAW.

17 This Act shall not be construed to preempt any provi18 sion of the law of any State or political subdivision thereof,

19 or prevent a State or political subdivision thereof from en20 acting any provision of law regulating or prohibiting con21 duct with respect to a firearm product, except to the ex22 tent that such provision of law is inconsistent with any

23 provision of this Act, and then only to the extent of the

24 inconsistency. A provision of State law is not inconsistent
20

HR 788 IH

1 with this Act if the provision imposes a regulation or pro2 hibition of greater scope or a penalty of greater severity

3 than any prohibition or penalty imposed by this Act.

4 TITLE VI—DEFINITIONS

5 SEC. 601. DEFINITIONS.

6 (a) SPECIFIC TERMS.—As used in this Act:

7 (1) FIREARMS DEALER.—The term ‘‘firearms

8 dealer’’ means—

9 (A) any person engaged in the business (as

10 defined in section 921(a)(21)(C) of title 18,

11 United States Code) of dealing in firearms at

12 wholesale or retail;

13 (B) any person engaged in the business (as

14 defined in section 921(a)(21)(D) of title 18,

15 United States Code) of repairing firearms or of

16 making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trig17 ger mechanisms to firearms; and

18 (C) any person who is a pawnbroker.

19 (2) FIREARM PART.—The term ‘‘firearm part’’

20 means—

21 (A) any part or component of a firearm as

22 originally manufactured;

23 (B) any good manufactured or sold—

24 (i) for replacement or improvement of

25 a firearm; or
21

HR 788 IH

1 (ii) as any accessory or addition to the

2 firearm; and

3 (C) any good that is not a part or compo4 nent of a firearm and is manufactured, sold, de5 livered, offered, or intended for use exclusively

6 to safeguard individuals from injury by a fire7 arm.

8 (3) FIREARM PRODUCT.—The term ‘‘firearm

9 product’’ means a firearm, firearm part, nonpowder

10 firearm, and ammunition.

11 (4) FIREARM SAFETY REGULATION.—The term

12 ‘‘firearm safety regulation’’ means a regulation pre13 scribed under this Act.

14 (5) FIREARM SAFETY STANDARD.—The term

15 ‘‘firearm safety standard’’ means a standard pro16 mulgated under this Act.

17 (6) MACHINEGUN.—The term ‘‘machinegun’’

18 means—

19 (A) any weapon which shoots, is designed

20 to shoot, or can be readily restored to shoot,

21 automatically more than 1 shot, without man22 ual reloading, by a single function of the trig23 ger;

24 (B) the frame or receiver of any such

25 weapon;
22

HR 788 IH

1 (C) any part or combination of parts de2 signed and intended for use in converting a

3 weapon into a device described in subparagraph

4 (A) or (B), whether or not modification to the

5 frame or receiver of the weapon is necessary to

6 complete the conversion; and

7 (D) any combination of parts from which

8 a device described in subparagraph (A) or (B)

9 can be assembled if such parts are in the pos10 session or under the control of a person.

11 (8) NONPOWDER FIREARM.—The term ‘‘non12 powder firearm’’ means a device specifically designed

13 to discharge BBs, pellets, darts, or similar projec14 tiles by the release of stored energy.

15 (9) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means

16 the Secretary of the Treasury or the delegate of the

17 Secretary.

18 (b) OTHER TERMS.—Each other term used in this

19 Act shall have the meaning (if any) given such term in

20 section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code.

21 TITLE VII—EFFECTIVE DATE

22 SEC. 701. EFFECTIVE DATE.

23 This Act shall take effect on the date of the enact24 ment of this Act.

Æ