COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Benton, Humphreys and Senior Judge Overton

SONIA WILLIAMS MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 1152-03-2 PER CURIAM OCTOBER 14, 2003 CHESTERFIELD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CHESTERFIELD COUNTY Frederick G. Rockwell, III, Judge (Edwin F. Brooks, on brief), for appellant. (Michael S. J. Chernau, Senior As sistant County Atto rney, on brief), for appellee.
Sonia Williams appeals a decision terminating her parental rights to her s on. She contends (1) the evidence was in sufficient to support the termination and (2) that the trial judge erred by permitting "the prior social worker's notes to be admitted pursuant to the business records exception and used as s ubstantive evidence against [her ]." Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that th is appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial co urt. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND We view the evidence in the light most favor able to the prevailing party below and grant to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. S ee Logan v. Fairfax County Dep't of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991). So viewed, the evidence established the child wa s born on March 15, 1990. By the time the child was three years old,

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1- 413, this opinion is not designated for publication.- 2 - Williams had been imprisoned for multiple felony charges. When Williams was imprisoned, she left the child in the car e of his maternal grandmother. Af ter his grandmother died in 1996, the child resided with his maternal aunt and uncle until they petitioned to be relieved of custody because they were unable to manage his be havior. On October 25, 2000, the Chesterfield County Department of Social Services obta ined custody of the child. The Department implemented an initial foster care plan of "return home," upon the expectation that Williams would be paroled from prison in July 2001. The Department contacted Williams and advised her to avail herself of the rehabilitative programs available to her in pris on. The foster care plan call ed for the slow reintroduction of Williams to her son "in a manner that is therap eutic to [him]." The plan included initial telephone contact and lette r writing, to be followed by visits. The initial step s of reinitiating contact, however, were unsuccessful . After the initial contact, the child's behavior deteriorated. Williams wrote only sporadically and sometimes inappropriately. She falsely represented her release time and her continued incarcerati on prevented her from achieving any of her responsibilities unde r the initial foster care plan. The child was placed in a therapeutic fost er home in November 2000 because he was severely emotionally disturbed. Despite exte nsive counseling and ps ychiatric services, he continued to exhibit verbal and physical aggression. He was hospita lized three times in an effort to stabilize his behavior, and he was treated at the Virginia Tr eatment Center for Children for eight months in 2001. He has thri ved since his return to a therap eutic foster home. His foster parents are prepared to adopt him. Williams's scheduled release was postponed due to her misconduct in prison. At the time of trial in March 2003, her release date still had not been de termined. In his ruling, the trial- 3 - judge cited Williams's incarceration, her lack of contact with the child, and the child's need for structure and stability.
ANALYSIS
I. In pertinent part, Code § 16.1- 283(C)(2) provides that "[t]he residual parental rights of a parent . . . of a child placed in foster care as a result of court commitment . . . may be terminated if the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interests of the child" and that the following conditions exist: The parent or parents, wi thout good cause, have been unwilling or unable within a re asonable period of time not to exceed twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the c onditions which led to or required continuation of the child's foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate e fforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agen cies to such end. Proof that the parent or parents, without good caus e, have failed or been unable to make substantial progress towards elimination of the conditions which led to or required conti nuation of the child's foster care placement in accordance with th eir obligations under and within the time limits or goals set forth in a foster care plan filed with the court or any other plan jointly designed and agreed to by the parent or parents and a public or private social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agency shall constitute prima facie evidence of this condition. The court shall take into consideration the prior efforts of such agencies to rehabi litate the parent or parents prior to the placement of the child in foster care. Because "'[r]easonable and appropriate' effort s can only be judged with reference to the circumstances of a particular case," Fergus on v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 338, 417 S.E.2d 1, 4 (1992), we have held th at the trial judge "must determ ine what constitutes reasonable and appropriate efforts given the facts before the court." Id. at 338-39, 417 S.E.2d at 4. Williams contends that the Department failed to provide reasonable and appropriate services to assist her. Th e trial judge found, however, that the Department's actions were- 4 - reasonable, under the circumstances, and thatWilliams's incarceration limited the agency's capacity to remedy her deficiencies as a parent. In Ferguson, we held as follows: [W]hile long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize termination of parental rights or negate the Department's obligation to provide services, it is a va lid and proper circumstance which, when combined with other evid ence concerning the parent/child relationship, can support a court' s finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the chil d will be served by termination. Id. at 340, 417 S.E.2d at 5. The evidence proved that Williams was incarcerated from the time the child was three years old. She had only minimal contact with him during the period of incarceration and failed to maintain appropriate contact when offered the opportunity to reestablish her relationship with her child. In addition, the record contai ns expert testimony that the child needed stability to ensure improved de velopment and that direct contact with mother would be disruptive. The trial judge found that the Department ha d fulfilled its duties under the statute. We will not disturb this finding because the record i ndicates that it was not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it. Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep't of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 (1986). Thus, the record supports the trial judge's finding that the Department proved by clear and convincing evid ence that the best interests of the child would be served by terminating mother's parental righ ts pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
II. Social worker Kiva Best testified about entr ies made in the child's file by a prior social worker. Williams contends that the Department "m ade no effort to have the Court rule that the persons who made the entries or submitted the reports were unavailable or that it would be inconvenient to summons those persons to Court." She also contends that "there is nothing in the- 5 - trial Court record to indicate that the record entries . . . were made contemporaneous with the event described." She further contends "it is unclear what records were made by [the Department's] agents . . . and which records we re received from third party contractors." Williams failed to raise any of these specific obj ections in the trial c ourt. This Court will not consider an argument on appeal that was not presented to the trial court. Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998). Rule 5A:18 requires that objections to a trial court's action or ruling be made with specificity in order to preserve an issue for appeal. Campbell v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 476, 480, 405 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1991) ( en banc ). A trial court must be alerted to the prec ise "issue" to which a party objects. Neal v. Commonwealth, 15 Va. App. 416, 422-23, 425 S. E.2d 521, 525 (1992). Accordingly, Rule 5A:18 bars our consideration of these specific issues on appeal . Moreover, the record does not reflect any reason to invoke th e good cause or ends of justic e exceptions to Rule 5A:18. Williams did object that Best's testimony con cerned records she had not prepared. She argued that Best was not the "c ustodian" of the reco rds and did not have personal knowledge of the contents of the records. In determining the admissibilityof evidence under the business records exception, however, the pr oper inquiry is as follows: The more recent Virginia cases have firmly endorsed the view that an entry made by one who lacks personal knowledge of the facts is admissible under the [business reco rds] exception if the facts were related to the entrant by some person who (1) did have personal knowledge of the matters related, and (2) was himself or herself acting in the ordinary course of business. Charles E. Friend, The Law of Evidence in Virginia § 18-15 (6th ed. 2003). Best did not need personal knowledge of the facts recorded in th e business records at issue. The trial judge, therefore, did not err by allowing Best's testimony. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision . See Rule 5A:27. Affirmed.