COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Elder, Humphreys and Kelsey 

Argued at Richmond, Virginia 

CHARLES DEANDRE DEVILLE 

 OPINION BY 

v. Record No. 2801-04-2 JUDGE D. ARTHUR KELSEY 

 MARCH 28, 2006 

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA 

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 

William H. Ledbetter, Jr., Judge 

Clifford Y. Rose (Clifford Y. Rose, P.C., on brief), for appellant. 

Leah A. Darron, Assistant Attorney General (Judith Williams 

Jagdmann, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee. 

 

Charles Deandre Deville appeals his conviction of conspiring to commit grand larceny by 

false pretenses. He was denied a fair trial, Deville argues, because the Commonwealth failed to 

disclose exculpatory information required by Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963). The trial 

judge who presided over Deville’s bench trial found that, even if the disclosure had been made 

earlier, no prejudice could be shown because there was no possibility the outcome of the trial 

would have been any different. Finding this determination reasonable, we affirm. 

I. 

In a Brady motion filed after the guilt phase of his bench trial, but before his sentencing 

hearing, Deville asserted that the Commonwealth’s main witness gave inconsistent statements 

prior to trial that could have been used for impeachment.1

 One statement was summarized in the 

 

1

 At trial, Deville also claimed the Commonwealth failed to produce the videotape of an 

interview he had previously given to an FBI agent. Deville admitted to the trial judge, however, 

that the interview “by itself” did not warrant a new trial. At oral argument on appeal, Deville 

repeated this concession and expressly withdrew any Brady challenge on this ground. 
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witness’s plea agreement, the other in a presentence report prepared upon Deville’s conviction in 

another jurisdiction. The trial judge, who had earlier presided over the guilt phase of Deville’s 

bench trial, examined both summaries in detail. “I can’t see for the life of me,” the judge ruled, 

“how these statements that [the witness] had earlier made are so inconsistent with her trial 

testimony as to create a prejudice that would require this Court to overturn the conviction.” 

After denying the Brady motion, the trial judge sentenced Deville and entered the final order. 

Settled principles recognize “three components of a true Brady violation: The evidence 

at issue must be favorable to the accused, either because it is exculpatory, or because it is 

impeaching; that evidence must have been suppressed by the State, either willfully or 

inadvertently; and prejudice must have ensued.” Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 281-82 

(1999); see also Vinson v. True, 432 F.3d 310, 318 (4th Cir. 2005), aff’g on habeas review, 

Vinson v. Commonwealth, 258 Va. 459, 522 S.E.2d 170 (1999). For purposes of this appeal, we 

assume arguendo that Deville satisfies the first two components. He still must establish 

prejudice, defined as a “reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceeding would have 

been different had the evidence been disclosed to the defense.” Muhammad v. Commonwealth, 

269 Va. 451, 511, 611 S.E.2d 537, 571 (2005); see also Vinson, 432 F.3d at 318. 

Prejudice cannot be shown where, as here, “the trial judge was the trier of fact and, upon 

learning of the undisclosed information,” rules unequivocally that the impeachment evidence 

“would have had no impact” on the factfinding underlying the defendant’s conviction. Correll v. 

Commonwealth, 232 Va. 454, 466, 352 S.E.2d 352, 359 (1987). When a trial judge, sitting as 

“both trier of fact and arbiter of law,” finds the Brady evidence inconsequential, there can be “no 

logical possibility” that its earlier disclosure “would have altered the outcome of the case.” 

Stroik v. State, 671 A.2d 1335, 1340 (Del. 1996). Under such circumstances, we need not 

hypothesize how a reasonable jury would likely have reacted to the new information. We know 
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with certitude, from the factfinder himself, that the outcome of the proceeding would not have 

been different had the evidence been disclosed earlier. 

In this respect, a trial judge’s denial of a Brady motion to vacate a conviction ⎯ if 

predicated on an unequivocal finding of no prejudice in a bench trial ⎯ produces a result 

conceptually no different from that which would follow the granting of the motion, a reopening 

of the evidentiary record for the new evidence to be admitted, and a reinstatement of the earlier 

conviction order. See generally John L. Costello, Virginia Criminal Law & Procedure § 50.3-2, 

at 666 (3d ed. 2002) (noting the practical difficulty of showing prejudice when a trial judge 

following a bench trial finds that the Brady evidence “would not have affected his trial decision 

in the slightest”). 

That said, a trial judge cannot foreclose appellate review by an ipse dixit denial of 

prejudice. Just as the original finding of guilt must fail if no “rational trier of fact” could have 

made such a finding, Stevens v. Commonwealth, 46 Va. App. 234, 248-49, 616 S.E.2d 754, 761 

(2005) (en banc); Kelly v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 250, 257, 584 S.E.2d 444, 447 (2003) 

(en banc), so too the factual finding of no prejudice should be set aside if patently unreasonable. 

Because Deville does not make that assertion here, we need not scrutinize the underlying 

statements to discern whether a rational factfinder could find them incapable of having an 

“impact on his finding” of guilt. See Correll, 232 Va. at 466, 352 S.E.2d at 359. 

The Commonwealth also contends Deville failed to exercise due diligence, mistakenly 

assumed the prosecutor’s Brady duty extended beyond the principal investigatory files, and 

presented evidence which would not be admissible at trial in any event ⎯ all defects fatal to 

Deville’s Brady claim, the Commonwealth argues. Given our desire to decide cases “on the best 

and narrowest ground available,” Logan v. Commonwealth, 47 Va. App. 168, 171 n.3, 622 

S.E.2d 771, 773 n.3 (2005) (en banc) (citations omitted), we offer no opinion on these matters. 
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The absence of prejudice, by itself, defeats Deville’s Brady claim and renders all other issues 

analytically superfluous.2

II. 

 Deville’s Brady claim fails on appeal for the same reason it failed in the trial court. He 

cannot show a reasonable probability that the outcome of his trial would have been different had 

the evidence been disclosed earlier. We thus affirm his conviction. 

 Affirmed.

 

2

 At oral argument on appeal, Deville asked in the alternative that we remand this matter 

for the trial court to order the production of the original statements summarized in the plea 

agreement and presentence report. Deville made no similar request at the Brady hearing in the 

trial court, however. See Rule 5A:18. Nor did he proffer any impeachment information he 

believed would be present in the statements, but omitted from the summaries. See Jones v. 

Commonwealth, 32 Va. App. 30, 46, 526 S.E.2d 281, 288 (2000) (“Because defense counsel did 

not proffer specifically any evidence that might have impeachment value, he did not show a 

Brady violation.”). We thus reject Deville’s request that we remand this case for additional 

discovery.