* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

** Honorable John W. Lungstrum, District Judge, United States District Court

for the District of Kansas, sitting by designation.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Filed 12/9/96

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

WILLIAM H. DAVIS, Trustee of the

Joe D. Davis Revocable Trust,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

SONAT EXPLORATION COMPANY,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 95-5248

(D.C. No. 94-C-828-H)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BALDOCK and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges, and LUNGSTRUM,** District

Judge.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
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argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. 

Plaintiff William H. Davis, as Trustee of the Joe D. Davis Revocable Trust

(Davis Trust), appeals from the entry of summary judgment in favor of defendant

Sonat Exploration Co. (Sonat) in this diversity action for breach of contract and

related tortious conduct. As explained below, we affirm for substantially the

reasons stated in the district court’s thorough and well-reasoned order granting

Sonat’s motion for summary judgment. 

Plaintiff brought suit to recover damages incurred when Sonat, invoking a

buyer’s satisfaction clause included in the parties’ preliminary agreement,

withdrew its offer to purchase certain oil and gas properties from the Davis Trust. 

Acknowledging application of the clause, plaintiff claimed Sonat breached its

attendant duty of good faith and fair dealing by relying on environmental

problems which, being insufficient to warrant a reasonable invocation of the

clause in themselves, merely served as a pretext concealing Sonat’s ulterior

motivation to terminate the agreement on impermissible economic grounds. The

district court held plaintiff’s evidence legally insufficient to support such

allegations and, accordingly, granted Sonat’s motion for summary judgment. 

We review the grant or denial of summary judgment de novo,

applying the same legal standard used by the district court pursuant

to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Summary judgment is appropriate if the

pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on
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file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine

issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law. When applying this standard, we

examine the factual record and reasonable inferences therefrom in

the light most favorable to the party opposing summary

judgment. . . .

While the movant bears the burden of showing the absence of a

genuine issue of material fact, the movant need not negate the

non-movant’s claim. . . . If the movant carries this initial burden, the

non-movant may not rest upon its pleadings, but must set forth

specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial as to those dispositive

matters for which it carries the burden of proof. An issue of material

fact is genuine if a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the

non-movant.

Wolf v. Prudential Ins. Co., 50 F.3d 793, 796 (10th Cir. 1995)(citations and

quotations omitted). We note that plaintiff bore the burden of establishing the 

conditions precedent to Sonat’s obligations under the parties’ agreement. See

Smith v. Government Employees Ins. Co., 558 P.2d 1160, 1162 (Okla. 1976). 

On appeal, the parties dispute the proper legal standard for assessing

Sonat’s invocation of the satisfaction clause. Plaintiff contends the district court

should have applied an objective “reasonableness” standard, while Sonat defends

the court’s use of a subjective “good faith” standard. We need not resolve this

uncertain question of state law. Both parties have argued points involving each

standard. Indeed, plaintiff’s insistence on an objective standard is peculiarly at

odds with his substantial reliance on allegations of pretextual--i.e., subjectively
1 Uncontroverted testimony established both the environmental rigor and

commercial rationale for Sonat’s internal standards.

2 Davis Trust employee Oran Hall likewise expressed a conclusory opinion

generally discounting the environmental problems involved without even

addressing Sonat’s environmental standards. 

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improper--conduct. In any event, under either standard the evidence of record

warrants the entry of summary judgment in favor of Sonat. 

It is undisputed that the decision to withdraw Sonat’s $600,000 purchase

offer was made exclusively by David Minor, Sonat’s vice president and manager

of its mid-continent region. Minor assertedly based his decision on (1) the

substantial cost of bringing the properties up to Sonat’s high environmental

standards1 (estimated at $157,000), and (2) the potential for future environmental

liabilities, particularly relating to groundwater contamination. These reasons

match the documented findings and recommendation of Sonat’s operations group,

which was specifically responsible for the assessment of environmental problems

in connection with proposed acquisitions. The affidavit submitted by plaintiff’s

expert, who conceded “a strong possibility that one or more violations of the

Clean Water Act has occurred or will occur” and failed even to address the

substantial cost of bringing the properties up to Sonat’s own standards,2 does not

effectively undercut Sonat’s unfavorable environmental assessment of the

properties and consequent withdrawal of its purchase offer. Accordingly, we hold

as a matter of law that the pertinent testimonial evidence and documentation
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relating thereto demonstrate an objectively reasonable basis for Sonat’s

withdrawal of its purchase offer. 

We also agree with the district court’s rejection of plaintiff’s pretext

evidence. The excerpts from plaintiff’s own deposition ascribing concealed,

improper motivations to Sonat reflect nothing more than his self-described

“assumptions” and “feelings,” admittedly lacking in supporting information or

documentation. Essentially the same is true of the testimony plaintiff relies on

from two Sonat acquisition personnel, who personally disagreed with the

operations group’s recommendation to terminate the transaction they had been

working to consummate. Since the pertinent environmental assessment fell within

the expertise and responsibility of the operations group, whose recommendation

was adopted by a separate executive decisionmaker, the contrary opinions of the

acquisition employees does not evidence either objective or subjective bad faith.

Finally, in both his deposition testimony and appellate briefing, plaintiff

maintains that Sonat’s improper motivation may be inferred from its refusal to

renegotiate the purchase contract with suitable concessions from Davis Trust to

accommodate the environmental deficiencies found. This contention

misconceives the nature and function of the satisfaction clause included in the

parties’ agreement. The nonfulfillment of this condition precedent did not simply

afford Sonat a bargaining advantage in some mandatory contract modification
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negotiations, but, rather, discharged Sonat’s obligations (and Davis Trust’s

corresponding rights) under the agreement altogether. See, e.g., Smith, 558 P.2d

at 1162; Sunray DX Oil Co. v. Great Lakes Carbon Corp., 476 P.2d 329, 336-37

(Okla. 1970); McDaniel v. McCauley, 371 P.2d 486, 488 (Okla. 1962). 

The judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern District

of Oklahoma is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

John W. Lungstrum 

District Judge