**Exhibit        31.1**

**CERTIFICATION**

|   | 1. | I                have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-KSB of the Company; |
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|   | 2. | Based                on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement                of a                material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make                the                statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements                were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this                report; |
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|   | 3. | Based                on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information                included in this report, fairly present in all material respects                the                financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the                small                business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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|   | 4. | The                Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for                establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as                defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) for the Company                and                have: |
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|   | a. | designed                such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure                controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to                ensure                that material information relating to the Registrant, including its                consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those                entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly                report is                being prepared; |
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|   | b. | (paragraph                omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and                34-47986); |
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|   | c. | evaluated                the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and                presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness                of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period                covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation;                and |
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|   | d. | disclosed                in this quarterly report any change in the Company’s internal control over                financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal                quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to                materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial                reporting; and |
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|   | 5. | The                  Company’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our                  most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,                  to                  the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of                  directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
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|   | e. | all                significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or                operation of internal control over financial reporting which are                reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record,                process, summarize and report financial information;                and |
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|   | f. | any                fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other                employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control                over financial reporting. |
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