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| 2. | Based      on my knowledge,  this report does not contain any      untrue  statement of a material fact or omit to state a material      fact  necessary to make the statements made, in light of the      circumstances under which such statements were      made,  not  misleading  with  respect  to      the period  covered by thisreport; |
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| 3. | Based      on      my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and      other  financial information  included  in      this  report,  fairly  present  in      all  material  respects the financial      condition,  results of operations and cash flows      of  the small  business  issuer as of, and      for, the periods  presented in      this  report; |
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| 4. | The  small  business  issuer's  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are      responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls      and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules  13a-15(e) and      15d-15(e)) for  the small business issuer and    have: |
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|   |  (a)      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such      disclosure  controls and procedures      to  be  designed  under  our      supervision,  to ensure      that  material  information  relating to      the   small business issuer, including its      consolidated  subsidiaries,  is   made  known      to us      by  others  within  those  entities,  particularly   during      the period in which this report is being  prepared; |
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|   |  (b)  Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of      the small  business  issuer's      disclosure  controls and procedures and presented in this report      our conclusions about the  effectiveness of the      disclosure  controls and procedures, as of the end of the period      covered by this report based on such evaluation;  and |
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|   |   (c)  Disclosed  in      this  report  any  change in      the  small  business   issuer's  internal  control      over  financial  reporting that      occurred   during the      small  business  issuer's most recent fiscal quarter      (the      small  business  issuer's  fourth  fiscal  quarter      in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is      reasonably likely to materially  affect,  the small      business issuer's internal control   over financial      reporting; and |
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|  5. | The  small  business  issuer's  other  certifying  officer(s)  and      I  have disclosed,  based on our most      recent  evaluation of internal  control over financial      reporting, to the small business issuer's auditors and the audit committee      of the small  business  issuer's  board of      directors (or persons performing the equivalent  functions): |
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|   | (a)      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of      internal  control  over  financial  reporting      which are reasonably  likely to adversely affect the small      business issuer's ability to record, process,  summarize and      report financial information; and |
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|   | (b)      Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer’s      internal control over financialreporting. |
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