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WO 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 

Kaylee Earls, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner 

of Social Security, 

Defendant. 

No. CV-15-08165-PCT-NVW 

ORDER 

Plaintiff Kaylee Earls seeks review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) of the final decision 

of the Commissioner of Social Security (“the Commissioner”), which denied her 

supplemental security income under section 1614(a)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act. 

Because the decision of the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) is supported by 

substantial evidence and is not based on legal error, the Commissioner’s decision will be 

affirmed. 

I. BACKGROUND 

Plaintiff was born in November 1990 and applied for Supplemental Security 

Income benefits when she was 21 years old. She has at least a high school education and 

is able to communicate in English. When she was 12 years old, she had surgery for 

lumbar scoliosis, which caused nerve damage. She continues to have leg and back pain 

for which she takes pain medication. In 2013, she worked two days a week for about 

three hours a day handling mail for a medical facility. She was able to drive, help with 

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grocery shopping, do laundry, lift a gallon of milk, but not lift her two-year-old son who 

weighed 28 pounds. She drives three hours to visit her family, but has developed a leg 

cramp, which required her to stop and walk around for about an hour to relieve the 

cramp. 

On May 31, 2012, Plaintiff applied for supplemental security income benefits, 

alleging disability beginning April 13, 2008. On December 13, 2013, she appeared with 

her attorney and testified at a video hearing before the ALJ. A vocational expert also 

testified. On January 30, 2014, the ALJ issued a decision that Plaintiff was not disabled 

within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s 

request for review of the hearing decision, making the ALJ’s decision the 

Commissioner’s final decision. On August 31, 2015, Plaintiff sought review by this 

Court. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

The district court reviews only those issues raised by the party challenging the 

ALJ’s decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The court 

may set aside the Commissioner’s disability determination only if the determination is 

not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 

625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, less than a 

preponderance, and relevant evidence that a reasonable person might accept as adequate 

to support a conclusion considering the record as a whole. Id. As a general rule, 

“[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, one of 

which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be upheld.” Thomas v. 

Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002) (citations omitted); accord Molina v. Astrue, 

674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012) (“Even when the evidence is susceptible to more 

than one rational interpretation, we must uphold the ALJ’s findings if they are supported 

by inferences reasonably drawn from the record.”). 

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III. FIVE-STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 

To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Social Security 

Act, the ALJ follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). The claimant bears 

the burden of proof on the first four steps, but the burden shifts to the Commissioner at 

step five. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). 

At the first step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant is engaging in 

substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not 

disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step two, the ALJ determines whether the claimant 

has a severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). 

If not, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step three, the ALJ 

considers whether the claimant’s impairment or combination of impairments meets or 

medically equals an impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404. 

§ 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically found to be disabled. Id. If 

not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s residual 

functional capacity and determines whether the claimant is still capable of performing 

past relevant work. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not disabled and the 

inquiry ends. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, where he determines 

whether the claimant can perform any other work based on the claimant’s residual 

functional capacity, age, education, and work experience. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If so, the 

claimant is not disabled. Id. If not, the claimant is disabled. Id. 

At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful 

activity since May 31, 2012, the protective application date. At step two, the ALJ found 

that Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: status post lumbar scoliosis 

reduction surgery and fusion (in 2003); degenerative disc disease; nerve damage; and leg 

pain. At step three, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or 

combination of impairments that meets or medically equals an impairment listed in 20 

C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. 

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At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff: 

has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in 20 

CFR 416.967(b) except: she is limited to occasional postural activities such 

as climbing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching and crawling; she is 

precluded from climbing ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; she is to avoid 

concentrated exposure to extreme cold; and, she is to avoid even moderate 

exposure to hazards, such as machinery or working at heights. 

The ALJ further found that Plaintiff has no past relevant work. At step five, the ALJ 

concluded that, considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, and residual 

functional capacity, there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national 

economy that Plaintiff can perform, such as bagger, cleaner, and ticket seller. 

IV. ANALYSIS 

A. The ALJ Provided Clear and Convincing Reasons for Discrediting 

Plaintiff’s Symptom Testimony. 

If a claimant’s statements about pain or other symptoms are not substantiated by 

objective medical evidence, the ALJ must consider all of the evidence in the case record, 

including any statement by the claimant and other persons, concerning the claimant’s 

symptoms. SSR96-7p. Then the ALJ must make a finding on the credibility of the 

claimant’s statements about symptoms and their functional effects. Id. 

In evaluating the credibility of a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or 

other symptoms, the ALJ is required to engage in a two-step analysis: (1) determine 

whether the claimant presented objective medical evidence of an impairment that could 

reasonably be expected to produce some degree of the pain or other symptoms alleged; 

and, if so with no evidence of malingering, (2) reject the claimant’s testimony about the 

severity of the symptoms only by giving specific, clear, and convincing reasons for the 

rejection. Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009). “This is not an easy 

requirement to meet: ‘The clear and convincing standard is the most demanding required 

in Social Security cases.’” Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1015 (9th Cir. 2014) 

(quoting Moore v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 278 F.3d 920, 924 (9th Cir. 2002)). 

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To ensure meaningful review, the ALJ must specifically identify the testimony 

from a claimant the ALJ finds not to be credible and explain what evidence undermines 

the testimony. Treichler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1102 (9th Cir. 

2014). The ALJ must make findings “sufficiently specific to permit the court to conclude 

that the ALJ did not arbitrarily discredit claimant’s testimony.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 

F.3d 947, 958 (9th Cir. 2002); accord Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th 

Cir. 2008). 

In making a credibility determination, an ALJ “may not reject a claimant’s 

subjective complaints based solely on a lack of objective medical evidence to fully 

corroborate the claimant’s allegations.” Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 

1219, 1227 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). But “an ALJ 

may weigh inconsistencies between the claimant’s testimony and his or her conduct, 

daily activities, and work record, among other factors.” Id. Further, the claimant is not 

required to produce objective medical evidence of the symptom or its severity. Garrison, 

759 F.3d at 1014. The ALJ must consider all of the evidence presented, including the 

claimant’s daily activities; the location, duration, frequency, and intensity of the pain or 

other symptoms; factors that precipitate and aggravate the symptoms; effectiveness and 

side effects of any medication taken to alleviate pain or other symptoms; treatment other 

than medication; any measures other than treatment the claimant uses to relieve pain or 

other symptoms; and any other factors concerning the claimant’s functional limitations 

and restrictions due to pain or other symptoms. SSR 96-7p. 

First, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s “medically determinable impairments could 

reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms.” Second, the ALJ found 

Plaintiff’s “statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the 

symptoms not entirely credible to the extent they are inconsistent with the residual 

functional capacity assessment.” 

Plaintiff testified that she is unable to work full-time because she has too much 

pain and cannot stay in a single position for very long, like working at an office desk. 

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She said her pain is located in her back and right leg and is constant. She also said that 

she gets shooting pains from her back down to her right knee, which causes her knee to 

give out. 

The ALJ gave the following reasons for finding Plaintiff’s subjective symptom 

testimony less than fully credible: (1) Plaintiff acknowledged being able to drive, do 

some household chores and grocery shopping, and work for three hours a day, two days a 

week. (2) The objective evidence showed only mild tenderness on palpitation of her back 

and full range of motion in all of her extremities. (3) Plaintiff’s treatment during the 

relevant period has been routine and primarily limited to medication management. The 

ALJ specifically identified the testimony that he found to lack credibility and explained 

what evidence undermined it. The ALJ gave specific, clear, and convincing reasons for 

finding Plaintiff’s testimony regarding the severity of her symptoms not fully credible. 

B. The ALJ Did Not Err in Weighing Medical Source Opinion Evidence. 

1. Legal Standard 

Generally, more weight should be given to the opinion of a treating physician than 

to the opinions of physicians who do not treat the claimant, and the weight afforded a 

non-examining physician’s opinion depends on the extent to which he provides 

supporting explanations for his opinions. Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1012 (9th 

Cir. 2014). Where a treating physician’s opinion is not contradicted by another 

physician, it may be rejected only for “clear and convincing” reasons, and where it is 

contradicted, it may not be rejected without “specific and legitimate reasons” supported 

by substantial evidence in the record. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 632 (9th Cir. 2007). 

In deciding weight to give any medical opinion, the ALJ considers not only 

whether the source has a treating or examining relationship with the claimant, but also 

whether the treatment or examination is related to the alleged disability, the length of the 

relationship, frequency of examination, supporting evidence provided by the source, and 

medical specialization of the source. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). Generally, more weight is 

given to the opinion of a specialist about medical issues related to his area of specialty 

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than to the opinion of a source who is not a specialist. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(5). The 

ALJ may discount a physician’s opinion that is based only the claimant’s subjective 

complaints without objective evidence. Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 

1190, 1195 (9th Cir. 2004). The opinion of any physician, including that of a treating 

physician, need not be accepted “if that opinion is brief, conclusory, and inadequately 

supported by clinical findings.” Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 

1228 (9th Cir. 2009). 

2. Treating Pain Specialist Sarah Buenviaje-Smith, M.D. 

On July 10, 2012, Dr. Buenviaje-Smith began treating Plaintiff for management of 

chronic low back and leg pain. She saw Plaintiff on August 7 and 21, 2012. On 

September 11, 2012, Dr. Buenviaje-Smith completed a Residual Functional Capacity 

Questionnaire and opined that Plaintiff can sit for 30 minutes at one time and stand/walk 

for 30 minutes at one time. She opined that in an 8-hour workday Plaintiff can sit for a 

total of one hour and stand/walk for a total of two hours. She further opined that Plaintiff 

would need to take 5-10 minute breaks every hour. Dr. Buenviaje-Smith said Plaintiff 

can frequently lift less than 10 pounds and occasionally lift up to 20 pounds. She 

estimated that Plaintiff would be absent from work 3-4 times a month as a result of her 

impairments or treatments. She also opined that Plaintiff is not physically capable of 

working an 8-hour day, 5 days a week, on a sustained basis. 

The ALJ stated that he “considered, but ultimately gave very little weight to, the 

Residual Functional Capacity Questionnaire completed by Dr. Buenviaje-Smith” because 

(1) Dr. Buenviaje-Smith did not list the specific objective medical findings upon which 

she based her opinion, (2) the opinion was inconsistent with Plaintiff’s admitted activities 

of daily living, (3) Dr. Buenviaje-Smith’s treating relationship was of short duration, (4) 

Dr. Buenviaje-Smith’s treatment consisted entirely of medication management, and (5) 

Dr. Buenviaje-Smith’s opinion appears to have relied heavily on Plaintiff’s subjective 

complaints without objective evidence. These are clear and convincing reasons, 

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supported by substantial evidence in the record, for giving Dr. Buenviaje-Smith’s opinion 

little weight. 

3. State Agency Medical Consultant D. Rose, M.D. 

Dr. Rose reviewed Plaintiff’s records at the reconsideration level and concluded 

she is capable of performing a limited range of light work. The ALJ gave great weight to 

Dr. Rose’s opinion because State agency consultants are highly qualified physicians who 

are experts in Social Security disability programs, the governing regulations, and 

evaluation of medical issues in disability claims. The ALJ gave greater weight to Dr. 

Rose’s opinion on reconsideration than to the opinion formed during the initial review, 

which found fewer limitations, because Dr. Rose was able to review more recent medical 

evidence. 

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by giving great weight to Dr. Rose’s opinion 

because the opinion mentioned the symptoms in Plaintiff’s right leg only once and these 

symptoms could affect her ability to walk or stand for six hours as opined by Dr. Rose 

and concluded by the ALJ. Dr. Rose commented that on August 9, 2012, the treating 

orthopedist noted Plaintiff complained of low back pain with radiation down her right leg 

and right leg weakness. Dr. Rose did not note that on July 10, 2012, Dr. Buenviaje-Smith 

found mild right lower extremity weakness and diminished right lower extremity deep 

tendon reflexes. Dr. Rose also did not note that on September 20, 2012, November 27, 

2012, and December 13, 2012, Dr. Buenviaje-Smith found right leg pain within normal 

limits and no abnormal neurological findings. During examinations on October 30, 2012, 

and December 27, 2012, Dr. Buenviaje-Smith did not find right leg pain. These 

omissions do not show that Dr. Rose’s opinion was not consistent with the overall 

medical record. 

Plaintiff also contends that Dr. Rose did not provide sufficient explanation for her 

opinion to find that it was supported by substantial evidence. Dr. Rose cited to a lumbar 

CT from July 27, 2012, but did not state that the CT report said, “There is some atrophy 

of the lower back paraspinous musculature.” Although Dr. Rose did not report every 

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detail described in the CT report’s “Findings” section, Dr. Rose included everything 

reported in the CT report’s “Impressions” section. Plaintiff contends that “some atrophy” 

indicates a limited activity level, which is consistent with Plaintiff’s testimony and shows 

Dr. Rose apparently failed to consider the evidence of muscle atrophy. Mild atrophy may 

suggest that Plaintiff has not been actively using certain muscles, but Dr. Rose’s failure to 

comment on mild atrophy does not show that Dr. Rose failed to consider it. Mild atrophy 

of lower back muscles alone does not indicate Plaintiff’s functionality. Dr. Rose 

accurately summarized the CT results as showing severe scoliosis in Plaintiff’s lower 

back, postoperative changes, and no significant bony spinal canal, neural foraminal 

stenosis, or acute fracture within the lumbar spine. 

4. Records Prior to May 31, 2012 

In the context of Plaintiff’s credibility regarding the severity of her symptoms and 

limitations, the ALJ noted that some of the records are for treatment occurring prior to 

May 31, 2012, and therefore are of limited usefulness. The ALJ stated, “However, in 

order to view the record in the light most favorable to the claimant, the undersigned has 

read and considered the entire medical record prior to making a decision on this case.” 

Contrary to Plaintiff’s assertion, the ALJ did not “essentially ignore” these treatment 

records. Rather, the ALJ expressly found Plaintiff had severe impairments due to 

surgeries and nerve damage, but found treatment records before the relevant period to be 

of limited usefulness in assessing the severity of her current symptoms and limitations. 

C. The ALJ Did Not Err by Incomplete Questioning of the Vocational 

Expert. 

It was not necessary for the ALJ to present to the vocational expert a hypothetical 

regarding an individual with limitations not supported by the medical evidence. 

/ / / 

/ / / 

/ / / 

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IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner of 

Social Security is affirmed. The Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall 

terminate this case. 

Dated this 31st day of March, 2016. 

Neil V. Wake

United States District Judge

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