1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

WO 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 

Edward Paul Moss, 

Petitioner, 

v. 

Charles L Ryan, et al., 

Respondents.

No. CV15-2600-PHX-DGC

ORDER 

On December 21, 2015, Petitioner Edward Paul Moss filed a pro se petition for 

writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Doc. 1. The Court referred the 

petition to Magistrate Judge Michelle H. Burns. Doc. 5. On April 14, 2016, Judge Burns 

issued a report and recommendation (“R&R”) that the Court dismiss the petition as 

untimely. Doc. 13. Moss filed pro se objections to the R&R. Doc. 14. The Court will 

overrule these objections and adopt Judge Burns’s recommendation. 

 The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) 

establishes a one-year statute of limitations for habeas petitions filed by state prisoners. 

28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). As relevant here, the limitations period runs from “the date on 

which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of 

the time for seeking such review.” § 2244(d)(1)(A). The limitations period is subject to 

both statutory and equitable tolling. Statutory tolling is available for “[t]he time during 

which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review 

Case 2:15-cv-02600-DGC Document 15 Filed 05/25/16 Page 1 of 3
- 2 - 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending.” § 2244(d)(2). Equitable 

tolling is available where “extraordinary circumstances beyond a prisoner’s control 

ma[d]e it impossible to file a petition on time.” Roy v. Lampert, 465 F.3d 964, 968 (9th 

Cir. 2006). In addition, a petitioner is entitled to an equitable exception to the AEDPA’s 

statute of limitations if he makes “a credible showing of actual innocence.” McQuiggin 

v. Perkins, 133 S. Ct. 1924, 1931 (2013). 

Judge Burns recommended that the Court dismiss Moss’s petition as untimely. 

She found that (1) the statute of limitations began to run on January 3, 2009, when the 

Maricopa County Superior Court denied Moss’s petition for post-conviction review; 

(2) the limitations period ran uninterrupted for one year until it expired; and (3) Moss was 

not entitled to equitable tolling because “nothing in the record suggest[ed] that [he] 

pursued his rights diligently, or that an external force prevented him from timely filing a 

federal habeas petition.” Doc. 13 at 7-8. 

Moss does not dispute that his petition is untimely, nor does he contend that he is 

actually innocent. Instead, Moss argues that he is entitled to equitable tolling because he 

diligently pursued his rights and faced extraordinary circumstances that prevented him 

from timely filing his petition. Doc. 14 at 3. 

“[E]quitable tolling is unavailable in most cases.” Miranda v. Castro, 292 F.3d 

1063, 1066 (9th Cir. 2002) (citation and quotation marks omitted). “[T]he threshold 

necessary to trigger equitable tolling under AEDPA is very high, lest the exceptions 

swallow the rule.” Id. (citation omitted, alterations incorporated). Moss argues that he 

faced extraordinary circumstances because he was unable to access a law library, he was 

ignorant of the AEDPA, and he was limited in his ability to interact with other inmates 

who might have been more knowledgeable about the law. These do not constitute 

extraordinary circumstances. See Ramirez v. Yates, 571 F.3d 993, 998 (9th Cir. 2009) 

(ordinary prison limitations on access to legal materials, including limitations related to 

administrative segregation, do not constitute extraordinary circumstances); Rasberry v. 

Garcia, 448 F.3d 1150, 1154 (9th Cir. 2006) (“a pro se petitioner’s lack of legal 

Case 2:15-cv-02600-DGC Document 15 Filed 05/25/16 Page 2 of 3
- 3 - 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

sophistication is not, by itself, an extraordinary circumstance warranting equitable 

tolling”); Miller v. Marr, 141 F.3d 976, 978 (10th Cir. 1998) (the fact that petitioner 

“simply did not know about the [statute of limitations] in the AEDPA until it was too 

late” was not an extraordinary circumstance). Moss’s petition is nearly six years late and 

he not identified any extraordinary circumstances which explain this delay. The Court 

will therefore accept the R&R and deny the petition as untimely. 

IT IS ORDERED: 

1. Judge Burns’s R&R (Doc. 13) is accepted.

2. The petition for writ of habeas corpus (Doc. 1) is denied with prejudice. 

3. The Clerk of the Court is directed to terminate this action. 

Dated this 24th day of May, 2016. 

Case 2:15-cv-02600-DGC Document 15 Filed 05/25/16 Page 3 of 3