Supreme Court of Florida

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No. SC17-500

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BRYAN FREDRICK JENNINGS,

Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

October 4, 2018

PER CURIAM.

We have for review Bryan Fredrick Jennings’ appeal of the postconviction

court’s order denying Jennings’ motion filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal 

Procedure 3.851. This Court has jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const. 

Jennings’ motion sought relief pursuant to the United States Supreme 

Court’s decision in Hurst v. Florida, 136 S. Ct. 616 (2016), and our decision on 

remand in Hurst v. State (Hurst), 202 So. 3d 40 (Fla. 2016), cert. denied, 137 S. Ct. 

2161 (2017). This Court stayed Jennings’ appeal pending the disposition of 

Hitchcock v. State, 226 So. 3d 216 (Fla.), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 513 (2017). 

After this Court decided Hitchcock, Jennings responded to this Court’s order to 
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show cause arguing why it should not be dispositive in this case. After reviewing 

Jennings’ response to the order to show cause, as well as the State’s arguments in 

reply, we ordered full briefing on Jennings’ claim that he was denied due process 

by the substitution of judges, without notice, between the time when the 

postconviction court denied his rule 3.851 motion and when the court heard his 

motion for rehearing. 

The crimes underlying Jennings’ convictions and sentence of death, at issue 

in this case, have been summarized as follows:

In the early morning hours of May 11, 1979, Rebecca Kunash was 

asleep in her bed. A nightlight had been left on in her room and her 

parents were asleep in another part of the house. The Defendant went 

to her window and saw Rebecca asleep. He forcibly removed the 

screen, opened the window, and climbed into her bedroom. He put 

his hand over her mouth, took her to his car and proceeded to an area 

near the Girard Street Canal on Merritt Island. He raped Rebecca, 

severely bruising and lacerating her vaginal area, using such force that 

he bruised his penis. In the course of events, he lifted Rebecca by her 

legs, brought her back over his head, and swung her like a sledge 

hammer onto the ground fracturing her skull and causing extensive 

damage to her brain. While she was still alive, Defendant took her 

into the canal and held her head under the water until she drowned. 

At the time of her death, Rebecca Kunash was six (6) years of age.

Jennings v. State (Jennings V), 512 So. 2d 169, 175-76 (Fla. 1987) (quoting 

sentencing order), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1079 (1988); see Jennings v. State

(Jennings I), 413 So. 2d 24, 25 (Fla. 1982). Jennings was convicted of first-degree 

murder and sentenced to death following a jury’s recommendation for death by a 

vote of eleven to one. Jennings V, 512 So. 2d at 173. His sentence of death 
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became final in 1988. Jennings, 484 U.S. 1079. Thus, Hurst does not apply 

retroactively to Jennings’ sentence of death. See Hitchcock, 226 So. 3d at 217. 

Accordingly, we affirm the postconviction court’s denial of Jennings’ motion.1

We further conclude that Jennings is not entitled to relief on his claim that 

he was denied due process by the substitution of judges on his case between the 

denial of his motion for postconviction relief and his motion for rehearing. This 

Court has explained that “[t]he essence of due process is that fair notice and a 

reasonable opportunity to be heard must be given to interested parties before 

judgment is rendered.” Scull v. State, 569 So. 2d 1251, 1252 (Fla. 1990); see Huff 

v. State, 622 So. 2d 982, 983 (Fla. 1993). 

Despite the change in judges, Jennings was given a meaningful opportunity 

to be heard before his motion for rehearing was denied. See Huff, 622 So. 2d at 

983. Jennings was also given a meaningful opportunity to raise objections on 

rehearing. In fact, the new judge, Judge Mahl, reviewed the entire case, as 

Jennings acknowledges, before denying Jennings’ motion for rehearing. See id.; 

see also Glock v. Moore, 776 So. 2d 243, 249 (Fla. 2001) (The defendant’s “ability 

to raise objections negated any due process concerns.”). Likewise, Jennings does 

 

1. The Court having carefully considered all arguments raised by Jennings, 

we caution that any rehearing motion containing reargument of Hurst-related 

claims will be stricken.
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not allege “any impropriety or appearance of impropriety by” Judge Mahl on 

rehearing. Marek v. State, 14 So. 3d 985, 1002 (Fla. 2009). 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons explained above, we affirm the postconviction court’s order

denying Jennings’ successive motion for postconviction relief. 

It is so ordered.

LEWIS, QUINCE, POLSTON, LABARGA, and LAWSON, JJ., concur.

CANADY, C.J., concurs in result.

PARIENTE, J., concurs in result with an opinion. 

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION AND, 

IF FILED, DETERMINED.

PARIENTE, J., concurring in result.

I agree that Jennings’ right to due process was not violated by the 

reassignment of judges, without notice, between the denial of his motion for

postconviction relief and his motion for rehearing. I concur in result only as to the 

Hurst2-related issue. While I recognize that this Court’s opinion in Hitchcock v. 

State, 226 So. 3d 216 (Fla.), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 513 (2017), is now final, as I 

explained in my dissenting opinion in Hitchcock, I would apply Hurst retroactively 

to Jennings’ sentence of death. See Hitchcock, 226 So. 3d at 220-23 (Pariente, J., 

 

2. Hurst v. State (Hurst), 202 So. 3d 40 (Fla. 2016), cert. denied, 137 S. Ct. 

2161 (2017); see Hurst v. Florida, 136 S. Ct. 616 (2016).
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dissenting); see also Asay v. State (Asay V), 210 So. 3d 1, 32-37 (Fla. 2016) 

(Pariente, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 41 

(2017). Applying Hurst to Jennings’ case, I would grant a new penalty phase 

based on the jury’s nonunanimous recommendation for death by a vote of eleven to 

one. Per curiam op. at 2.

An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Brevard County, 

Jeffrey Mahl, Judge - Case No. 051979CF000773AXXXXX

Martin J. McClain of McClain & McDermott, P.A., Wilton Manors, Florida, 

for Appellant

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, and Doris Meacham, 

Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, Florida, 

for Appellee