J-S38002-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.Z.B., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: A.B., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2037 EDA 2023

Appeal from the Decree Entered July 19, 2023

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at 

No(s): CP-51-AP-0000111-2023

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 7, 2023

A.B. (Father) appeals from the decree, entered in the Court of Common 

Pleas of Philadelphia County, Juvenile Division, involuntarily terminating his 

parental rights to his minor child, A.Z.B. (born 05/2020), pursuant to section 

2511 of the Adoption Act.

1

 Father’s counsel, Harry R. Levin, Esquire, has filed 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101-2938.
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an Anders2 brief seeking to withdraw from representing Father on appeal.3 

After careful review, we affirm the trial court’s decree and grant counsel’s 

petition to withdraw. 

The Philadelphia Department of Human Services (DHS) received a 

General Protection Services (GPS) report on October 7, 2020, alleging

Philadelphia Police had responded to a domestic violence incident between 

Father and A.K. (Mother),

4

that Mother and A.Z.B. were locked out of the 

family home, that Mother had blood on her elbow, and that A.Z.B. was 

bleeding from his forehead. Mother admitted to accidentally hitting Father 

with a hammer, but stated she did not know how A.Z.B. had sustained a 

forehead injury. Police summoned paramedics to the scene after observing a 

lump on the back of A.Z.B.’s head, which was the size of a small orange. 

A.Z.B. was taken to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). A medical

examination indicated that A.Z.B. sustained a skull fracture and had 

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2 See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); see also Commonwealth 

v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). The Anders principles and process 

have been extended to appeals involving termination of parental rights. See

In re V.E., 611 A.2d 1267 (Pa. Super. 1992) (extending Anders briefing 

requirements to termination of parental rights appeals involving indigent 

parents represented by court-appointed counsel).

3 DHS notified this Court that it agrees with Attorney Levin’s conclusion that

there are no meritorious grounds for appeal and, thus, will not file a brief. 

See Letter, 9/7/23. 

4 Mother’s parental rights to A.Z.B. were involuntarily terminated on July 19, 

2023. She is not a party to this appeal. 
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methamphetamine in his system. See N.T. Termination Hearing, 7/19/23, at 

14-15.

On October 8, 2020, DHS obtained an Order of Protective Custody (OPC)

for A.Z.B., who remained hospitalized at CHOP. On October 9, 2020, the 

court held a shelter care hearing, the OPC was lifted, and A.Z.B. was 

committed to the custody of DHS. The court adjudicated A.Z.B. dependent

on March 19, 2021, found aggravated circumstances against both parents,

5

but ordered DHS to continue with reunification efforts. Father was 

incarcerated at the time of the adjudicatory hearing, and, since Covid-19

protocols were in effect at that time, Attorney Levin sent Father a link to 

participate remotely. Father, however, did not participate in the hearing.

DHS developed a single case plan (SCP) for Father, which included the 

following objectives: sign all necessary releases, attend medical 

appointments, complete dual diagnosis assessment, comply with assessment 

recommendations, complete random drug screens as per court order, 

complete domestic violence program, comply with Achieving Reunification 

Center (ARC) recommendations, and comply with court-ordered objectives 

regarding visitation, housing, and employment. See N.T. Termination 

Hearing, 7/29/23, at 36. 

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5 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(2) (child has been victim of physical abuse resulting 

in serious bodily injury, sexual violence, or aggravated physical neglect by 

parent).
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The court held six permanency review hearings and made the following 

findings with regard to Father: October 1, 2021 (no compliance with 

permanency plan); February 15, 2022 (no compliance with permanency plan 

and no progress toward alleviating circumstances that necessitated original 

placement); May 16, 2022 (minimal compliance with permanency plan; 

minimal progress toward alleviating circumstances that necessitated original 

placement); August 1, 2022 (minimal compliance with permanency plan; no 

progress toward alleviating circumstances that necessitated original 

placement); October 18, 2022 (no compliance with permanency plan; no 

progress toward alleviating circumstances that necessitated original 

placement); and, January 24, 2023 (minimal compliance with permanency 

plan; no progress toward alleviating circumstances that necessitated original 

placement). 

On March 24, 2023, DHS filed a petition to involuntarily terminate 

Father’s parental rights to A.Z.B. On July 19, 2023, the court held a 

termination hearing. At the hearing, before the Honorable Cateria R. McCabe, 

Community Umbrella Agency (CUA) caseworker Ashley Wolfe testified that she 

has been involved with this case since its inception in 2020. She stated that, 

throughout the life of this case, DHS has had difficulty contacting Father, that 

Father would not make himself available to meet with DHS outside of court 

hearings, that his visits with A.Z.B. were “inconsistent,” and that he attended 

a single case plan meeting, on September 30, 2022. See N.T. Termination 

Hearing, supra at 35-36. At the September 30, 2022 SCP meeting, 
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Caseworker Wolfe reviewed Father’s objectives with him. Caseworker Wolfe 

testified that Father completed none of his objectives, except for the dual 

diagnosis assessment, which Father completed after the petition for 

termination was filed. Id. at 37-38. Caseworker Wolfe stated Father’s

compliance with his objectives was “minimal,” id. at 39, and that he had made 

no progress toward alleviating the circumstances that brought A.Z.B. into 

care, including domestic violence. Id. 

Caseworker Wolfe testified that A.Z.B., who was 3 years old at the time 

of the termination hearing, has been in foster care with his younger brother

since 2020. Id. at 11, 44. She testified that A.Z.B. has a “parent[-]child” 

bond with foster parent, that A.Z.B. refers to foster parent as “mom,” that 

A.Z.B. seeks comfort from foster parent, and that A.Z.B.’s basic needs are 

being met by foster parent. Id. at 32. Caseworker Wolfe characterized 

Father’s bond with A.Z.B. as that of “uncle[-]nephew,” adding that, in her 

opinion, they were not close, that A.Z.B. does not look to Father to meet any 

of his needs, and that A.Z.B. is not upset when he leaves visits with Father. 

Id. at 41. 

Father did not appear at the hearing.6 At the conclusion of the hearing, 

the court stated the following on the record:

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6 Attached to Attorney Levin’s Anders brief is a copy of a letter from Father’s 

physician, dated August 3, 2023, indicating that Father underwent a 

diagnostic medical procedure on July 10, 2023, and was stable to return to 

work on July 23, 2023, with no limitations. Anders Brief, Appendix A.
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[Father] has made absolutely no progress. He visits at times but 

has failed to comply with the [SCP] objectives with [the] exception 

of approximately three. And those were after the filling of the 

goal change[/]termination petitions. He also has failed to provide 

any documentation of compliance with the [SCP] objectives. 

[V]isits have been inconsistent for [Father]. He[,] according to 

testimony, began to engage a little more since the last court date, 

which was May 31, 2023. There’s no father[-]child bond. The 

testimony reflects he’s more or less like an uncle to his son. 

Similarly, I find that [A.Z.B.] would not suffer any irreparable 

harm if [F]ather’s rights are terminated. This child has been in 

care almost three years and needs permanency. Again, the foster 

parent is meeting his needs and his bond is with her and he calls 

her [“]mom[”]. Thus, I find that it’s in his best interest for the 

goal to be changed to adoption and parental rights to be 

terminated under [subsection] 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8), as 

well as [subsection] (b). 

N.T. Termination Hearing, at 78-79. On July 19, 2023, the court entered its 

decree terminating Father’s parental rights to A.Z.B. Father filed this timely 

appeal. Both Father and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.7

Counsel raises the following questions on behalf of Father:

1. Whether the trial court committed reversible error when it 

involuntarily terminated Father’s parental rights where such 

determination was not supported by clear and convincing 

evidence under [] 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and 

(8)?

2. Whether the trial court committed reversible error when it 

involuntarily terminated Father’s parental rights without giving 

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7 Pa.R.A.P 905(a)(2) provides in pertinent part: “If the appeal is a children’s

fast track appeal, the concise statement of errors complained of on appeal as 

described in Rule 1925(a)(2) shall be filed with the notice of appeal and served 

in accordance with Rule 1925(b)(1).” Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(2). Here, Father filed 

his Rule 1925(b) statement contemporaneously with his notice of appeal. The 

trial court’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion sets forth the location in the record 

where the court stated the reasons for its decision. See Trial Court Opinion, 

8/17/23, at 1-2. 
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primary consideration to the effect that the termination would 

have on the developmental, physical, and emotional needs of 

[A.Z.B.] as required by [] 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b)?

3. Whether the trial court erred because the evidence was 

overwhelming and undisputed that Father demonstrated a 

genuine interest and sincere, persistent, and unrelenting effort 

to maintain a parent-child relationship with [A.Z.B.]?

4. Whether Father was too ill to attend the termination hearing? 

Anders Brief, at 6.

Our standard of review is well-settled:

In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our scope 

of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence 

presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal 

conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will 

reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial 

court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked 

competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s 

decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict. 

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

Further, we have stated:

Where the hearing court’s findings are supported by competent 

evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court even though 

the record could support an opposite result. We are bound by the 

findings of the trial court which have adequate support in the 

record so long as the findings do not evidence capricious disregard 

for competent and credible evidence. The trial court is free to 

believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented, and is likewise 

free to make all credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in 

the evidence. Though we are not bound by the trial court’s 

inferences and deductions, we may reject its conclusions only if 

they involve errors of law or are clearly unreasonable in light of 

the trial court’s sustainable findings.

In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).
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Before we begin our analysis, we must dispose of the application to 

withdraw as counsel filed by Attorney Levin. When counsel files an Anders

brief, this Court may not review the merits without first addressing counsel’s 

request to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Washington, 63 A.3d 797, 800 

(Pa. Super. 2013). We review Attorney Levin’s Anders brief for compliance 

with the requirements set forth by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. 

Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).

[C]ounsel must: 

(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with 

citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that 

counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth 

counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state 

counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. 

Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling 

case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion 

that the appeal is frivolous.

Id. at 361.

Additionally, pursuant to Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748 

(Pa. Super. 2005) and its progeny, “[c]ounsel also must provide a copy of the 

Anders brief to his client.” Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 880 

(Pa. Super. 2014). Counsel must attach to the brief a letter that advises the 

client of his right to: “(1) retain new counsel to pursue the appeal; (2) proceed 

pro se on appeal; or (3) raise any points that the appellant deems worthy of 

the court’s attention in addition to the points raised by counsel in the Anders 

brief.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Once counsel 

has satisfied the above requirements, it is then this Court’s duty to conduct 
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its own review of the trial court’s proceedings and render an independent 

judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.” 

Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 291 (Pa.Super.2007) (en 

banc), quoting Commonwealth v. Wright, 846 A.2d 730, 736 (Pa. Super. 

2004).

Here, Attorney Levin filed his petition to withdraw, indicating that he 

sent Father a letter informing him of his right to obtain new counsel, or to 

proceed pro se, and explaining that Father may raise any additional arguments 

with this Court. A copy of this letter is attached to the petition to withdraw. 

See Petition to Withdraw, 9/1/23; Letter to Father, 9/1/23. In his Anders

brief, Attorney Levin sets forth the relevant history of the case, as well as his 

reasons for concluding that Father’s appeal is wholly frivolous. Attorney Levin 

states in his petition that a copy of this brief was forwarded to Father. See

Petition to Withdraw, 9/1/23. Accordingly, we conclude that Attorney Levin 

has complied with the technical requirements of Anders, Santiago, and 

Millisock. We, therefore, proceed with our independent review of the record 

and the issues presented on Father’s behalf.

Instantly, the trial court terminated Father’s parental rights pursuant to 

23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(2), (5), (8), and (b). In order to affirm the 

termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree with the trial court’s 

findings under any one subsection of section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W., 

843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). After review, we conclude 

that the record supports termination under subsection 2511(a)(2). 
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Pursuant to subsection (a)(2), parental rights may be terminated, after 

the filing of a petition, when

[t]he repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect[,] or 

refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential 

parental care, control[,] or subsistence necessary for his physical 

or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the 

incapacity, abuse, neglect[,] or refusal cannot or will not be 

remedied by the parent.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2). 

The record demonstrates that, at nearly every turn, Father has failed to 

show any initiative to act as a parent, causing A.Z.B. to be without the 

essential parental care or control necessary for his well-being. Because of 

Father’s continued course of conduct, his failure to meet any of his objectives, 

and his inability or unwillingness to remedy the situation, we conclude DHS 

has met its burden of proof under section (a)(2). Accordingly, we conclude 

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in terminating Father’s parental 

rights to A.Z.B. pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2).

With respect to subsection (b), Judge McCabe concluded termination 

was would best serve A.Z.B.’s “developmental, physical[,] and emotional 

needs and welfare,” and, thus, termination was in A.Z.B.’s best interests. See

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b) (“The court in terminating the rights of a parent shall 

give primary consideration to the developmental, physical[,] and emotional 

needs and welfare of the child.”). The record, in particular Caseworker Wolfe’s 

testimony, supports this determination. See In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529, 

533 (Pa. Super. 2008) (when conducting bonding analysis, court is not 
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required to use expert testimony); see also. In re A.R.M.F., 837 A.2d 1231 

(Pa. Super. 2003) (holding court properly terminated parental rights where 

decision was based in part on social worker’s and caseworker’s testimony 

children did not share significant bond with biological parents and were well 

bonded with foster parents). 

With respect to the third issue, that the trial court erred because “the 

evidence was overwhelming and undisputed that Father demonstrated a 

genuine interest and sincere, persistent, and unrelenting effort to maintain a 

parent-child relationship [A.Z.B.],” Anders Brief, at 6, no relief is due. There 

is nothing in the record that would support this claim. 

Further, the final issue, whether Father was too ill to attend the 

termination hearing, merits no relief. Other than a photocopy of a letter 

attached to the Anders brief, there is nothing in the record that would enable 

this Court to review this claim. Moreover, even granting that Father was 

unable to physically attend, there is nothing indicating that Father could not 

attend the hearing virtually or by phone. Furthermore, Father’s attendance 

at the hearing would not undo the prior three years of inability or failure to 

demonstrate any progress or interest in maintaining a relationship with A.Z.B. 

See In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 340 (Pa. Super. 2002) (“Parents are required 

to make diligent efforts towards the reasonably prompt assumption of full 

parental responsibilities.”); see also In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 

753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“Parental rights are not preserved by waiting for 
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a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental responsibilities 

while others provide the child with his or her physical and emotional needs.”).

Finally, our review of the record does not reveal any non-frivolous issues 

overlooked by Attorney Levin. 

After our independent review, we conclude that the evidence presented 

supports the trial court’s decree involuntarily terminating Father’s parental 

rights pursuant to subsections 2511(a)(2) and (b). See In re Z.P., 904 A.2d 

1108, 1115 (Pa. Super. 2010) (absent abuse of discretion, error of law, or 

insufficient evidentiary support for trial court’s decision, decree in termination 

of parental rights proceeding must stand).

Decree affirmed. Motion to withdraw granted.

Date: 11/7/2023