Exhibit
4.3


 





 



 


GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.


 





 



 


INDENTURE


 


Dated as of       , 20


 





 



 


[__________]


 


Trustee


 




     


     


    

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS


 


	 	 	Page
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	1
	 	 	 
	Section 1.1	Definitions	1
	Section 1.2	Other Definitions	4
	Section 1.3	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	5
	Section 1.4	Rules of Construction	5
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES	6
	 	 	 
	Section 2.1	Issuable in Series	6
	Section 2.2	Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities	6
	Section 2.3	Execution and Authentication	9
	Section 2.4	Registrar and Paying Agent	10
	Section 2.5	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust	10
	Section 2.6	Securityholder Lists	11
	Section 2.7	Transfer and Exchange	11
	Section 2.8	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	11
	Section 2.9	Outstanding Securities	12
	Section 2.10	Treasury Securities	13
	Section 2.11	Temporary Securities	13
	Section 2.12	Cancellation	13
	Section 2.13	Defaulted Interest	13
	Section 2.14	Global Securities	13
	Section 2.15	CUSIP Numbers	15
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE III REDEMPTION	16
	 	 	 
	Section 3.1	Notice to Trustee	16
	Section 3.2	Selection of Securities to be Redeemed	16
	Section 3.3	Notice of Redemption	17
	Section 3.4	Effect of Notice of Redemption	18
	Section 3.5	Deposit of Redemption Price	18
	Section 3.6	Securities Redeemed in Part	18
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE IV COVENANTS	18
	 	 	 
	Section 4.1	Payment of Principal and Interest	18
	Section 4.2	SEC Reports	18
	Section 4.3	Compliance Certificate	19
	Section 4.4	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	19
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS	19
	 	 	 
	Section 5.1	When Company May Merge, Etc	19
	Section 5.2	Successor Corporation Substituted	20



 



    i


     


    

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS


(Continued)


 


	 	 	Page
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	20
	 	 	 
	Section 6.1	Events of Default	20
	Section 6.2	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	22
	Section 6.3	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	22
	Section 6.4	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	23
	Section 6.5	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	24
	Section 6.6	Application of Money Collected	24
	Section 6.7	Limitation on Suits	24
	Section 6.8	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest	25
	Section 6.9	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	25
	Section 6.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	26
	Section 6.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	26
	Section 6.12	Control by Holders	26
	Section 6.13	Waiver of Past Defaults	27
	Section 6.14	Undertaking for Costs	27
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE	27
	 	 	 
	Section 7.1	Duties of Trustee	27
	Section 7.2	Rights of Trustee	29
	Section 7.3	Individual Rights of Trustee	30
	Section 7.4	Trustee’s Disclaimer	30
	Section 7.5	Notice of Defaults	31
	Section 7.6	Reports by Trustee to Holders	31
	Section 7.7	Compensation and Indemnity	31
	Section 7.8	Replacement of Trustee	32
	Section 7.9	Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc	33
	Section 7.10	Eligibility; Disqualification	33
	Section 7.11	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	33
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE	33
	 	 	 
	Section 8.1	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	33
	Section 8.2	Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification	34
	Section 8.3	Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series	35
	Section 8.4	Covenant Defeasance	36
	Section 8.5	Repayment to Company	37
	Section 8.6	Reinstatement	37
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS	38
	 	 	 
	Section 9.1	Without Consent of Holders	38
	Section 9.2	With Consent of Holders	39
	Section 9.3	Limitations	39
	Section 9.4	Compliance with Trust Indenture Act	40
	Section 9.5	Revocation and Effect of Consents	40



 



    ii


     


    

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS


(Continued)


 


	 	 	Page
	 	 	 
	Section 9.6	Notation on or Exchange of Securities	41
	Section 9.7	Trustee Protected	41
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS	41
	 	 	 
	Section 10.1	Trust Indenture Act Controls	41
	Section 10.2	Notices	41
	Section 10.3	Communication by Holders with Other Holders	42
	Section 10.4	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent	43
	Section 10.5	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion	43
	Section 10.6	Rules by Trustee and Agents	43
	Section 10.7	Legal Holidays	43
	Section 10.8	No Recourse Against Others	44
	Section 10.9	Counterparts	44
	Section 10.10	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction	44
	Section 10.11	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	44
	Section 10.12	Successors	45
	Section 10.13	Severability	45
	Section 10.14	Table of Contents, Headings, Etc	45
	Section 10.15	Securities in a Foreign Currency	45
	Section 10.16	Judgment Currency	46
	Section 10.17	Force Majeure	46
	Section 10.18	U.S.A. Patriot Act	46
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS	46
	 	 	 
	Section 11.1	Applicability of Article	46
	Section 11.2	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	47
	Section 11.3	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	47


 




    iii


     


    

 


GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS,
INC.


 


Reconciliation and tie between
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of     , 20


 


	§ 310(a)(1)	 	7.10
	(a)(2)	 	7.10
	(a)(3)	 	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	 	Not Applicable
	(a)(5)	 	7.10
	(b)	 	7.10
	§ 311(a)	 	7.11
	(b)	 	7.11
	(c)	 	Not Applicable
	§ 312(a)	 	2.6
	(b)	 	10.3
	(c)	 	10.3
	§ 313(a)	 	7.6
	(b)(1)	 	7.6
	(b)(2)	 	7.6
	(c)(1)	 	7.6
	(d)	 	7.6
	§ 314(a)	 	4.2, 10.5
	(b)	 	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	 	10.4
	(c)(2)	 	10.4
	(c)(3)	 	Not Applicable
	(d)	 	Not Applicable
	(e)	 	10.5
	(f)	 	Not Applicable
	§ 315(a)	 	7.1
	(b)	 	7.5
	(c)	 	7.1
	(d)	 	7.1
	(e)	 	6.14
	§ 316(a)	 	2.10
	(a)(1)(A)	 	6.12
	(a)(1)(B)	 	6.13
	(b)	 	6.8
	§ 317(a)(1)	 	6.3
	(a)(2)	 	6.4
	(b)	 	2.5
	§ 318(a)	 	10.1


 





 






Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not,
for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.


 




    iv


     


    

 


Indenture dated as of       ,
20      between Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware (the “Company”), and [__________],
a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States, as trustee (the “Trustee”).


 


Each party agrees as follows for the benefit
of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE
I

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE


 


Section 1.1 Definitions. 


 


“Additional Amounts” means
any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the
Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.


 


“Affiliate” of any specified
person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified person.
For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by”
and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of
the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities
or by agreement or otherwise.


 


“Agent” means any Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent.


 


“Board of Directors” means
the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.


 


“Board Resolution” means a
copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors
or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered
to the Trustee.


 


“Business Day” means, any
day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York, New York (or in connection with any payment, the place of payment)
on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.


 


“Capital Stock” means any
and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.


 


“Company” means the party
named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.


 




    	 	1	 



     


    

 


“Company Order” means a written
order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer.


 


“Corporate Trust Office” means
the principal office of the Trustee at which at any time this Indenture shall be administered, which office as of the date hereof is located
at the address specified in Section 10.2. With respect to presentation for transfer or exchange, conversions or principal payment,
such address shall be at the address specified in Section 10.2, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by
written notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address
as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by written notice to the Holders and the Company).


 


“Default” means any event
which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.


 


“Depositary” means, with respect
to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated
as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at
any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean
the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.


 


“Discount Security” means
any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


“Dollars” and “$”
means the currency of The United States of America.


 


“Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


 


“Foreign Currency” means any
currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.


 


“Foreign Government Obligations”
means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed
by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is
pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.


 


“GAAP”
means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting
Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting
Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession,
which are in effect as of the date of determination.


 




    	 	2	 



     


    

 


“Global Security” or “Global
Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all
or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary
or nominee.


 


“Holder” or “Securityholder”
means a person in whose name a Security is registered on the books of the Registrar.


 


“Indenture” means this Indenture
as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated
hereunder.


 


“interest” with respect to
any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.


 


“Maturity,” when used with
respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided,
whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.


 


“Officer” means the Chief
Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary,
and any Vice President of the Company.


 


“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any Officer that meets the requirements of Section 10.5.


 


“Opinion of Counsel” means
a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The opinion may contain customary limitations, qualifications, conditions
and exceptions. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.


 


“person” means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization
or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.


 


“principal” of a Security
means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.


 


“Responsible Officer” means
any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also
means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of
his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.


 


“SEC” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission.


 


“Securities” means the debentures,
notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.


 




    	 	3	 



     


    

 


“Series” or “Series
of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections
2.1 and 2.2 hereof.


 


“Stated Maturity” when used
with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or interest
is due and payable.


 


“Subsidiary” of any specified
person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital
Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof
is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or
a combination thereof.


 


“TIA” means the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that
in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment,
the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.


 


“Trustee” means the person
named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant
to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any
Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.


 


“U.S. Government Obligations”
means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith
and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary
receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest
on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided
that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such
depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary
receipt.


 


Section 1.2 Other Definitions. 


 


	
    TERM
	 	
    DEFINED IN SECTION

	“Bankruptcy Law”	 	6.1
	“Custodian”	 	6.1
	“Event of Default”	 	6.1
	“Judgment Currency”	 	10.16
	“Legal Holiday”	 	10.7
	“mandatory sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“New York Banking Day”	 	10.16
	“Notice Agent”	 	2.4
	“optional sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“Paying Agent”	 	2.4
	“Registrar”	 	2.4
	“Required Currency”	 	10.16
	“Specified Courts”	 	10.10
	“successor person”	 	5.1


 






    	 	4	 



     


    

 


Section 1.3 Incorporation by Reference of Trust
Indenture Act. 


 


Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision
of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture
have the following meanings:


 


“Commission” means the SEC.


 


“indenture securities” means
the Securities.


 


“indenture security holder”
means a Securityholder.


 


“indenture to be qualified”
means this Indenture.


 


“indenture trustee” or “institutional
trustee” means the Trustee.


 


“obligor” on the indenture securities
means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.


 


All other terms used in this Indenture that are
defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein
are used herein as so defined.


 


Section 1.4 Rules of Construction. 


 


Unless the context otherwise requires:


 


(a) a term
has the meaning assigned to it;


 


(b) an accounting
term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;


 


(c) “or”
is not exclusive;


 


(d) words
in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and


 


(e) provisions
apply to successive events and transactions.


 






    	 	5	 



     


    

 


ARTICLE
II

THE SECURITIES


 


Section 2.1 Issuable in Series. 


 


The aggregate principal amount of Securities
that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities
of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
or an Officer’s Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution.
In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental
indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method
by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined.
Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled
to the benefits of the Indenture.


 


Section 2.2 Establishment of Terms of Series
of Securities. 


 


At or prior to the issuance of any Securities
within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such
Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.23) by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s
Certificate:


 


2.2.1. the
title (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including
the terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series;


 


2.2.2. the
price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;


 


2.2.3. any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);


 


2.2.4. the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;


 




    	 	6	 



     


    

 


2.2.5. the
rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including,
but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall
bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if
any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;


 


2.2.6. the
place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of
such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect
of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other
means;


 


2.2.7. if
applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of
the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;


 


2.2.8. the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;


 


2.2.9. the
dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option
of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;


 


2.2.10. if
other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be
issuable;


 


2.2.11. the
forms of the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;


 


2.2.12. if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;


 


2.2.13. the
currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination
is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;


 


2.2.14. the
designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities
of the Series will be made;


 




    	 	7	 



     


    

 


2.2.15. if
payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units
other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments
will be determined;


 


2.2.16. the
manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such
amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index,
stock exchange index or financial index;


 


2.2.17. the
provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;


 


2.2.18. any
addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right
of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section
6.2;


 


2.2.19. any
addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;


 


2.2.20. any
Depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents, conversion agents or other agents with respect to Securities
of such Series if other than those appointed herein;


 


2.2.21. the
provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange
price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders
thereof or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and provisions affecting
conversion or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed;


 


2.2.22. any
other terms of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series),
including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
of that Series; and


 


2.2.23. whether
any of the Company’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination,
if any, of such guarantees.


 


All Securities of any one Series need not be
issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant
to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate referred to above. No Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate may affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise with respect to any Series of Securities except as the Trustee may agree in writing.


 






    	 	8	 



     


    

 


Section 2.3 Execution and Authentication. 


 


An Officer shall sign the Securities for the
Company by manual or facsimile signature.


 


If an Officer whose signature is on a Security
no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.


 


A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been
authenticated under this Indenture.


 


The Trustee shall at any time, and from time
to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto
or Officer’s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.


 


The aggregate principal amount of Securities
of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section
2.8.


 


Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series,
the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series
and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officer’s Certificate complying with
Section 10.4, (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4 and (d) an Opinion of Counsel (which may be the same Opinion of Counsel
referred to in the preceding clause (c)) that such Securities, when they have been duly executed, issued, and authenticated in accordance
with the terms of the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor in the circumstances described in such Opinion of Counsel, will
be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.


 


The Trustee shall have the right to decline to
authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may
not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability
to Holders of any then-outstanding Series of Securities.


 


The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent
acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do
so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has
the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.


 






    	 	9	 



     


    

 


Section 2.4 Registrar and Paying Agent. 


 


The Company shall maintain, with respect to each
Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where
Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series
may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (“Notice Agent”). The Registrar
shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written
notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.
If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the
Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices
and demands; provided, however, that any appointment of the Trustee as the Notice Agent shall exclude the appointment of
the Trustee or any office of the Trustee as an agent to receive the service of legal process on the Company.


 


The Company may also from time to time designate
one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided,
however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar,
Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company
will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such
co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the
term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Notice Agent” includes any
additional notice agent. The Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.


 


The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial
Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is
appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.


 


Section 2.5 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. 


 


The Company shall require each Paying Agent other
than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities,
or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify
the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require
a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by
it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall
have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold
in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any
bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.


 




    	 	10	 



     


    

 


Section 2.6 Securityholder Lists. 


 


The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form
as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities
and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form
and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.


 


Section 2.7 Transfer and Exchange. 


 


Where Securities of a Series are presented to
the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities
of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met.
To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service
charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than
any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).


 


Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be
required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business
fifteen days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending
at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected,
called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called
for redemption in part.


 


Section 2.8 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and
Stolen Securities. 


 


If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the
Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series
and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.


 




    	 	11	 



     


    

 


If there shall be delivered to the Company and
the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity bond
as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the
Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a Company Order the
Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of
the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.


 


In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or
stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security,
pay such Security.


 


Upon the issuance of any new Security under this
Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.


 


Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant
to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the
Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all
the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.


 


The provisions of this Section are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities.


 


Section 2.9 Outstanding Securities. 


 


The Securities outstanding at any time are all
the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions
in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section
as not outstanding.


 


If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section
2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide
purchaser.


 


If the Paying Agent (other than the Company,
a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such
Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them
ceases to accrue.


 


The Company may purchase or otherwise acquire
the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because
the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section 2.10 below).


 




    	 	12	 



     


    

 


In determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder,
the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal
thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


Section 2.10 Treasury Securities. 


 


In determining whether the Holders of the required
principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver,
Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only
Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.


 


Section 2.11 Temporary Securities. 


 


Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery,
the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially
in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without
unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate definitive Securities
of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the
same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.


 


Section 2.12 Cancellation. 


 


The Company at any time may deliver Securities
to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for
registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement
or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act and
the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue
new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.


 


Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest. 


 


If the Company defaults in a payment of interest
on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted
interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date
and payment date. At least 10 days before the special record date, the Company shall send to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of
the Series a notice that states the special record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted
interest in any other lawful manner.


 


Section 2.14 Global Securities. 


 


2.14.1. Terms
of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate shall establish whether the Securities
of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security
or Securities.


 


2.14.2. Transfer
and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any
Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other
than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to
continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the
Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange
Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate to the effect
that such


 


Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global
Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the
Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor
and terms.


 


Except as provided in this Section 2.14.2, a Global
Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary,
by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a
successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.


 


Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall have any
responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.


 






    	 	13	 



     


    

 


2.14.3. Legends.
Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


 


“THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN
THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY. THIS
SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED
CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY,
BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR
DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”


 


In addition, so long as the Depository Trust
Company (“DTC”) is the Depositary, each Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee shall bear a legend
in substantially the following form:


 


“UNLESS THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS PRESENTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT
FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER
NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED
BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL
INASMUCH THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.”


 


2.14.4. Acts
of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.


 


(a) Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by
Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or
by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument
or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments
(and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of Holders signing such
instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for
any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.


 


(b) The
fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution
or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual
signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to such officer the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a
capacity other than such signer’s individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of such
signer’s authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing
the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.


 




    	 	14	 



     


    

 


(c) The
ownership of Global Securities or any Securities issued in certificated form shall be proved by the Registrar.


 


(d) Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future
Holder of the same Security and the holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor
or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether
or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.


 


(e) If the
Company shall solicit from the Holders any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company
may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so.
If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before
or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for
the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented
to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities
shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date
shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after
the record date.


 


2.14.5. Payments.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal
of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.


 


2.14.6. Consents,
Declaration and Directions. The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of
outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary
or by the applicable procedures of such Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations,
waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.


 


Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers. 


 


The Company in issuing the Securities may use
“CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption
as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such
numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the
other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission
of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change that the Company is aware of in the CUSIP numbers.


 




    	 	15	 



     


    

 


ARTICLE
III

REDEMPTION


 


Section 3.1 Notice to Trustee. 


 


The Company may, with respect to any Series of
Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or
any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of
Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series
of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the principal
amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 5 days before the notice is delivered to the
Holders, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the Trustee.


 


Section 3.2 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed. 


 


Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series
by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series
are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as follows: (a) if the Securities are in the form
of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b) if the Securities are listed on any national securities
exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed,
or (c) if not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b) in the manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including pro
rata, by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange requirements, subject, in the case of
Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities
of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations
larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selected for redemption shall be in
amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to
Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and the authorized integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture
that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.


 


Section 3.3 Notice of Redemption. 


 


Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series
by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, at least 15 days but not more than 60 days before
a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically, in accordance with the procedures
of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.


 




    	 	16	 



     


    

 


The notice shall identify the Securities of the
Series to be redeemed and shall state:


 


(a) the
redemption date;


 


(b) the
redemption price (or manner of calculation if not then known);


 


(c) the
name and address of the Paying Agent;


 


(d) if any
Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that, after the redemption
date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original
Security shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security;


 


(e) that
Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;


 


(f) that
interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company defaults
in the deposit of the redemption price;


 


(g) the
CUSIP number, if any; and


 


(h) any
other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.


 


At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall
give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has delivered to the
Trustee, at least 5 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date, an Officer’s Certificate
requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice.


 


Section 3.4 Effect of Notice of Redemption. 


 


Once notice of redemption is sent as provided
in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price.
Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate for a Series, a notice of
redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued
interest to the redemption date.


 






    	 	17	 



     


    

 


Section 3.5 Deposit of Redemption Price. 


 


On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time,
on the redemption date, the Company shall irrevocably deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient (as determined by the Company) to
pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.


 


Section 3.6 Securities Redeemed in Part. 


 


Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed
in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount
to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.


 


ARTICLE
IV

COVENANTS


 


Section 4.1 Payment of Principal and Interest. 


 


The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit
of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities
of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the
applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest, if any,
on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.


 


Section 4.2 SEC Reports. 


 


To the extent any Securities of a Series are
outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and
of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall
comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a). Reports, information and documents filed with the SEC via the EDGAR system (or
any successor system thereto) will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of this
Section 4.2, it being understood that the Trustee shall have no responsibility whatsoever to determine if such filings have been made,
and that the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of the information contained therein.


 


Delivery of reports, information and documents
to the Trustee under this Section 4.2 are for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute
constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s
compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates).


 




    	 	18	 



     


    

 


Section 4.3 Compliance Certificate. 


 


To the extent any Securities of a Series are
outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s
Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made
under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled
its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her
knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default
in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have
occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge).


 


Section 4.4 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. 


 


The Company covenants (to the extent that it
may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage
of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance
of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage
of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted
to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.


 


ARTICLE
V

SUCCESSORS


 


Section 5.1 When Company May Merge, Etc. 


 


The Company shall not consolidate with or merge
with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor
person”) unless:


 


(a) the
Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly existing
under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee,
the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture; and


 


(b) immediately
after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.


 




    	 	19	 



     


    

 


Where the Company is not the surviving corporation,
the Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate to the foregoing
effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.


 


Notwithstanding the above, any Subsidiary of
the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officer’s Certificate
nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.


 


Section 5.2 Successor Corporation Substituted. 


 


Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale,
lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor
corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other
disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture
with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor
Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants
under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


ARTICLE
VI

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES


 


Section 6.1 Events of Default. 


 


“Event of Default,” wherever
used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture or Officer’s Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:


 


(a) default
in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period
of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to 11:00
a.m., New York City time, on the 30th day of such period); or


 


(b) default
in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or


 


(c) default
in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraphs
(a) or (b) above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities
other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified
mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice
is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or


 




    	 	20	 



     


    

 


(d) the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:


 


(i) commences
a voluntary case,


 


(ii) consents
to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,


 


(iii) consents
to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,


 


(iv) makes
a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or


 


(v) generally
is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or


 


(e) a court
of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:


 


(i) is
for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,


 


(ii) appoints
a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or


 


(iii) orders
the liquidation of the Company,


 


and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect
for 60 days; or


 


(f) any
other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.


 


The term “Bankruptcy Law”
means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar U.S. Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian”
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


The Company will provide the Trustee written
notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which
notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes
to take in respect thereof.


 






    	 	21	 



     


    

 


Section 6.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission
and Annulment. 


 


If an Event of Default with respect to Securities
of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then
in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may
declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may
be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be
due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration
such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event
of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest,
if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other
act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.


 


At any time after such a declaration of acceleration
with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee
as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by
written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with
respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which
have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.


 


No such rescission shall affect any subsequent
Default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


Section 6.3 Collection of Indebtedness and
Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 


 


The Company covenants that if


 


(a) default
is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period
of 30 days, or


 


(b) default
is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or


 


(c) default
is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms of a Security,


 


then,
the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due
and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable,
interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.


 




    	 	22	 



     


    

 


If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith
upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection
of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company
or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.


 


If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities
of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of
the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect
and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.


 


Section 6.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 


 


In case of the pendency of any receivership,
insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee
(irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise
and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall
be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,


 


(a) to file
and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other
papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the compensation,
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding,
and


 


(b) to collect
and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver,
assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder
to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.


 




    	 	23	 



     


    

 


Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim
of any Holder in any such proceeding.


 


Section 6.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without
Possession of Securities. 


 


All rights of action and claims under this Indenture
or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof
in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an
express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.


 


Section 6.6 Application of Money Collected. 


 


Any money or property collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution
of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment
if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:


 


First: To the payment of all amounts due the
Trustee under Section 7.7; and


 


Second: To the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest,
respectively; and


 


Third: To the Company.


 


Section 6.7 Limitation on Suits. 


 


No Holder of any Security of any Series shall
have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless


 


(a) such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;


 


(b) the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee
to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;


 




    	 	24	 



     


    

 


(c) such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities
which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request;


 


(d) the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and


 


(e) no direction
inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;


 


it being understood, intended and expressly covenanted
by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any
manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other
of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under
this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series.


 


Section 6.8 Unconditional Right of Holders
to Receive Principal and Interest. 


 


Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture,
the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest,
if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of
redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired
without the consent of such Holder.


 


Section 6.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 


 


If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any
proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding,
the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.


 






    	 	25	 



     


    

 


Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 


 


Except as otherwise provided with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon
or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing
at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent
permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.


 


Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 


 


No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any
Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute
a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee
or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the
case may be.


 


Section 6.12 Control by Holders. 


 


The Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for
any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such
Series, provided that


 


(a) such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,


 


(b) the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,


 


(c) subject
to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability,
and


 


(d) prior
to taking any action as directed under this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it against the losses,
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.


 






    	 	26	 



     


    

 


Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults. 


 


The Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series, by written notice
to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in
the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default
that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom
shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default
or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs. 


 


All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any
suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered
or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such
court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit,
having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or
group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit
instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Maturity of
such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).


 


ARTICLE
VII

TRUSTEE


 


Section 7.1 Duties of Trustee. 


 


(a) If an
Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use
the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of
such person’s own affairs.


 


(b) Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default:


 


(i) The
Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations
shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.


 




    	 	27	 



     


    

 


(ii) In
the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements
of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions
hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer’s Certificates and Opinions
of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the
accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).


 


(c) The
Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct,
except that:


 


(i) This
paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.


 


(ii) The
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved in a court of competent
jurisdiction that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.


 


(iii) The
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any
Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of
such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series in accordance with Section
6.12.


 


(d) Every
provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.


 


(e) The
Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the losses,
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.


 


(f) The
Trustee shall not be liable for interest or investment on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the
Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.


 


(g) No provision
of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers.


 


(h) The
Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth in paragraphs
(e), (f) and (g) of this Section and in Section 7.2, each with respect to the Trustee.


 






    	 	28	 



     


    

 


Section 7.2 Rights of Trustee. 


 


(a) The
Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document (whether in its original
or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate
any fact or matter stated in the document.


 


(b) Before
the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee
shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion
of Counsel.


 


(c) The
Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any attorney or agent
appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or
omission by any Depositary.


 


(d) The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights
or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute willful misconduct or negligence.


 


(e) The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without willful misconduct or negligence, and in reliance
thereon.


 


(f) The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered (and, if requested, provided) to the Trustee security or indemnity
satisfactory to it against the losses, costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
direction.


 


(g) The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document,
but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.


 


(h) The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge
thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee, and such notice references the existence of a Default or Event of Default, the Securities generally or the Securities
of a particular Series and this Indenture.


 


(i) In no
event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage
of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss
or damage and regardless of the form of action.


 




    	 	29	 



     


    

 


(j) The
permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do
so.


 


(k) No bond
or surety shall be required with respect to performance of Trustee’s duties and powers.


 


(l) Under
no circumstances shall the Trustee be liable in its individual capacity for the obligations evidenced by the Securities.


 


(m) Any
request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Order and any resolution of the Board
of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution.


 


(n) The
Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized
at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.


 


(o) The
rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified,
are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person
employed to act hereunder.


 


Section 7.3 Individual Rights of Trustee. 


 


The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity
may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights
it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.


 


Section 7.4 Trustee’s Disclaimer. 


 


The Trustee shall not be responsible for and
makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s
use of the proceeds from the Securities, or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of
this Indenture, it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee,
and it shall not be responsible for any statement herein or in the Securities or any other document in connection with the sale of the
Securities other than its authentication. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates
of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no responsibility
for their correctness.


 




    	 	30	 



     


    

 


 


Section 7.5 Notice of Defaults. 


 


If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is
continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee
shall send to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs
or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default
or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so
long as it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.


 


Section 7.6 Reports by Trustee to Holders. 


 


Within 60 days after each          , commencing                         ,
20    , the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar,
a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313.


 


A copy of each report at the time of its sending
to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on which the Securities of that Series
are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing when Securities of any Series are listed on any national securities
exchange or delisted from any national securities exchange.


 


Section 7.7 Compensation and Indemnity. 


 


The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time
to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s
compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee
upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses
of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.


 


The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee
and any predecessor Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself) against any cost, damages, losses, expense or liability, including
taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in the
next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture or in connection with its acceptance of its obligations hereunder,
as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee
to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless and to the extent that the Company is materially
prejudiced thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel
and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its
consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders
and agents of the Trustee.


 


The Company need not reimburse any expense or
indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee
through willful misconduct or negligence, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction.


 


To secure the Company’s payment obligations
in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the
Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.


 






    	 	31	 



     


    

 


When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to
constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


The provisions of this Section shall survive
the termination of this Indenture or the resignation or removal of the Trustee.


 


Section 7.8 Replacement of Trustee. 


 


A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment
of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.


 


The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities
of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and
the Company in writing at least 30 days prior to such removal. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or
more Series with at least 30 days written notice if:


 


(a) the
Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;


 


(b) the
Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;


 


(c) a Custodian
or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or


 


(d) the
Trustee becomes incapable of acting.


 


If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a
vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after
the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then-outstanding Securities may appoint a successor
Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.


 


If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee,
the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.


 


A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance
of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Promptly after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held
by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring
Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to
each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall send a notice of its succession
to each Securityholder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s
obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred
by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement.


 






    	 	32	 



     


    

 


Section 7.9 Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc. 


 


If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts
into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, or national banking association,
the successor corporation or national banking association without any further act shall be the successor Trustee, subject to Section 7.10.


 


Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification. 


 


This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who
satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least
$50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).


 


Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims
Against Company. 


 


The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a),
excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA §
311(a) to the extent indicated.


 


ARTICLE
VIII

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE


 


Section 8.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 


 


This Indenture shall upon Company Order be discharged
with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect as to all Securities of such Series (except as hereinafter
provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when


 


(a) either


 


(i) all
Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and
that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or


 


(ii) all
such Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation


 


(1) have
become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, or


 






    	 	33	 



     


    

 


(2) will
become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or


 


(3) have
been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving
of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or


 


(4) are
deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;


 


and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above,
shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount of money or U.S. Government
Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient (as determined by the Company) for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment
of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates
such installments of principal or interest are due;


 


(b) the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and


 


(c) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5 shall survive.


 


Section 8.2 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification. 


 


(a) Subject
to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with
the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose
payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments
as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.


 


(b) The
Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in
respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.


 






    	 	34	 



     


    

 


(c) The
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess
of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any
U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.


 


Section 8.3 Legal Defeasance of Securities
of any Series. 


 


Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified,
pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire
indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph
(d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect
(and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging the same),
except as to:


 


(a) the
rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the
principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Maturity of such principal
or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such
Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such
Series;


 


(b) the
provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and


 


(c) the
rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith;


 


provided that, the following conditions shall have
been satisfied:


 


(d) the
Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds
specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities
of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series
denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment
of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax
liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient,
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund
payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest and such sinking fund
payments are due;


 






    	 	35	 



     


    

 


(e) such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;


 


(f) no Default
or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or
during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;


 


(g) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this
Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such
Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal
income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount
and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;


 


(h) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the
intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(i) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section 8.4 Covenant Defeasance. 


 


Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities
of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and, unless otherwise specified therein,
any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s
Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event
of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such
Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.18 and designated as an
Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, but, except
as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby; provided that the following conditions
shall have been satisfied:


 


(a) with
reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section
8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for,
and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars,
cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency
(other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in
respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on
such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments)
of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;


 






    	 	36	 



     


    

 


(b) such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;


 


(c) no Default
or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;


 


(d) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this
Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such
Opinion of Counsel shall confirm, subject to customary exclusions, that the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize
income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, covenant defeasance and discharge and will be subject
to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, covenant
defeasance and discharge had not occurred;


 


(e) The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent
of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(f) The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section 8.5 Repayment to Company. 


 


Subject to applicable abandoned property law,
the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest
that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general
creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person, and the Trustee shall have no further liability with
respect to such money.


 


Section 8.6 Reinstatement. 


 


If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable
to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding
or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application,
the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such Series
shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying
Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.1; provided, however, that if the Company has made
any payment of principal of or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its
obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or
U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the Holders.


 






    	 	37	 



     


    

 


ARTICLE
IX

AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS


 


Section 9.1 Without Consent of Holders. 


 


The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement
this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:


 


(a) to cure
any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency as evidenced by an Officer Certificate;


 


(b) to comply
with Article V;


 


(c) to provide
for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;


 


(d) to add
guarantees with respect to Securities of any Series or secure Securities of any Series;


 


(e) to surrender
any of the Company’s rights or powers under this Indenture;


 


(f) to add
covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;


 


(g) to comply
with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;


 


(h) to make
any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;


 


(i) to provide
for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;


 


(j) to evidence
and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the
trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;


 


(k) to comply
with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA;


 






    	 	38	 



     


    

 


(l) to
add to, change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture or the Securities of such Series in accordance with the TIA, or to comply
with the provisions of DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream or the Trustee with respect to provisions of this Indenture or the Securities of
such Series relating to transfers or exchanges of the Securities of such Series or beneficial interests in the Securities of such Series;
or


 


(m) to
conform any provision of this Indenture, in so far as it relates to the Securities of such Series, to the description of the Securities
of such Series in the prospectus supplement relation to the offering of the Securities of such Series.


 


Section 9.2 With Consent of Holders. 


 


The Company and the Trustee may enter into a
supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange
offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of
the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each
such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities
of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.


 


It shall not be necessary for the consent of
the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but
it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes
effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture
or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the
validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.


 


Section 9.3 Limitations. 


 


Without the consent of each Securityholder affected,
an amendment or waiver may not:


 


(a) reduce
the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;


 






    	 	39	 



     


    

 


(b) reduce
the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;


 


(c) reduce
the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any
sinking fund or analogous obligation;


 


(d) reduce
the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;


 


(e) waive
a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration
of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series
and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);


 


(f) make
the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;


 


(g) make
any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or


 


(h) waive
a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company’s option.


 


Section 9.4 Compliance with Trust Indenture
Act. 


 


Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities
of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.


 


Section 9.5 Revocation and Effect of Consents. 


 


Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental
indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent
Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation
of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or
portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver
becomes effective.


 


Any amendment or waiver once effective shall
bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a)
through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every
subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.


 


The Company may, but shall not be obligated to,
fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action described above or
required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the second immediately preceding
paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled
to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders
after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date.




    	 	40	 



     


    

 


Section 9.6 Notation on or Exchange of Securities. 


 


The Company or the Trustee may place an appropriate
notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of
that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities
of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.


 


Section 9.7 Trustee Protected. 


 


In executing, or accepting the additional trusts
created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer’s Certificate
or an Opinion of Counsel or both complying with Section 10.4 and stating that the supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by
this Indenture and constitutes a legal valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.
The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures upon delivery of such an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel or both,
except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities or immunities
under this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE
X

MISCELLANEOUS


 


Section 10.1 Trust Indenture Act Controls. 


 


If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies,
or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision
shall control.


 


Section 10.2 Notices . 


 


Any notice or communication by the Company or
the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed
by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission, email or overnight air courier guaranteeing
next day delivery, to the others’ address:


 


if to the Company:


 


Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc.


5000 Executive Parkway, Suite 520


San Ramon, CA 94583


Attention: Chief Operating Officer


 






    	 	41	 



     


    

 


with a copy to:


 


Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional
Corporation


650 Page Mill Road


Palo Alto, CA 94304


Attention: Katharine A. Martin


 


if to the Trustee:


 


[__________]


[__________]


Attention: [__________]


 


The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other
may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. Any notice or communication delivered to the
Trustee shall be deemed effective upon actual receipt thereof.


 


Any notice or communication to a Securityholder
shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar, in accordance with the
procedures of the Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not
affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.


 


If a notice or communication is sent or published
in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it.


 


If the Company sends a notice or communication
to Securityholders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.


 


Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture
or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption) to a Holder
of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given to the Depositary for such Security (or its
designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.


 


Section 10.3 Communication by Holders with
Other Holders. 


 


Securityholders of any Series may communicate
pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture
or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA
§ 312(c).


 




    	 	42	 



     


    

 


Section 10.4 Certificate and Opinion as to
Conditions Precedent. 


 


Upon any request or application by the Company
to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:


 


(a) an Officer’s
Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to
the proposed action have been complied with; and


 


(b) an Opinion
of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.


 


Section 10.5 Statements Required in Certificate
or Opinion. 


 


Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance
with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall
comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:


 


(a) a statement
that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;


 


(b) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate
or opinion are based;


 


(c) a statement
that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed
opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and


 


(d) a statement
as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.


 


Section 10.6 Rules by Trustee and Agents. 


 


The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action
by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its
functions.


 


Section 10.7 Legal Holidays. 


 


A “Legal Holiday” is any day
that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next
succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.


 






    	 	43	 



     


    

 


Section 10.8 No Recourse Against Others. 


 


A director, officer, employee or stockholder
(past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the
Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting
a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.


 


Section 10.9 Counterparts. 


 


This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and
all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages
by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may
be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be
deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.


 


Section 10.10 Governing Law; Waiver of Jury
Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction. 


 


THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING
ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK. THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST
EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE,
THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.


 


Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising
out of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States
of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York (collectively,
the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any
such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable
statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or
other proceeding brought in any such court. The Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities) each hereby
irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts
and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in
an inconvenient forum.


 


Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of
Other Agreements. 


 


This Indenture may not be used to interpret another
indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be
used to interpret this Indenture.


 






    	 	44	 



     


    

 


Section 10.12 Successors. 


 


All agreements of the Company in this Indenture
and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.


 


Section 10.13 Severability. 


 


In case any provision in this Indenture or in
the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall
not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.


 


Section 10.14 Table of Contents, Headings,
Etc. 


 


The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table,
and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered
a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.


 


Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency. 


 


Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution,
a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to
a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage
in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at
such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in more than one currency, then the principal amount of
Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be determined by converting
any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified
in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture
with respect to a particular Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the spot rate for the purchase of the designated currency
as published in The Financial Times in the “Currency Rates” section (or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or
if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such source as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any
date of determination. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities
of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms
of this Indenture.


 


All decisions and determinations provided for
in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and
irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.


 






    	 	45	 



     


    

 


Section 10.16 Judgment Currency. 


 


The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that
it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert
the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required Currency”)
into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be
the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency
with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day,
then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The
City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable
judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged
or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency
other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee,
of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative
or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt
shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being
obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any
day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law,
regulation or executive order to close.


 


Section 10.17 Force Majeure. 


 


In no event shall the Trustee be responsible
or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly,
forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military
disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or
computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable best efforts which are consistent
with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.


 


Section 10.18 U.S.A. Patriot Act. 


 


The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance
with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person
or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will
provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot
Act.


 


ARTICLE
XI

SINKING FUNDS


 


Section 11.1 Applicability of Article. 


 


The provisions of this Article shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided by the terms of such Securities pursuant to Section
2.2 and except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.


 






    	 	46	 



     


    

 


The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”
and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund
payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series
as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.


 


Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments
with Securities. 


 


The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any
part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1)
deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously
called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is
applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such
Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments
or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.
Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officer’s Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15
days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such
purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of
such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments
pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash
payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company
Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding
sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a
Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by
the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment
required to be released to the Company.


 


Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for
Sinking Fund. 


 


Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated
in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities)
prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and
crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing
mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days
(unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular
Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date will
be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice of the redemption thereof to
be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in and in accordance with Section 3.3. Such notice having
been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.


 




    	 	47	 



     


    

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused
this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


 


	 	GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name: 
	 	 	Its: 
	 	 	 
	 	[__________],
	 	as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name: 
	 	 	Its: