# Patent

## Title
Variable valve device for internal combustion engine

## Abstract

A device includes a timing sprocket configured to receive a rotational force from a crankshaft and includes an annular internal-teeth constituting portion having an inner circumferential portion formed with internal teeth; an eccentric shaft portion provided on a motor output shaft of an electric motor and formed in a cylindrical shape such that an outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion is eccentric relative to a rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion; and a plurality of rollers provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft portion and having total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth. A laser hardening is performed from a tooth top and both tooth surfaces of each internal tooth to attain a high degree of hardness. On the other hand, a tooth bottom surface of each internal tooth is not treated with the laser hardening.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a variable valve device for an internal combustion engine, in which opening and closing characteristics of intake valve and/or exhaust valve (engine valves) of the internal combustion engine are controlled.
BACKGROUND ART
Recently, a variable valve device is proposed in which valve timings of intake or exhaust valve are controlled by transmitting rotative force of an electric motor through a speed-reduction mechanism to a cam shaft (output shaft) and thereby varying a relative rotational phase of the cam shaft to a sprocket to which rotative force is transmitted from a crankshaft.
For example, a variable valve device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes an eccentric shaft which receives rotative force of an electric motor, an internal-teeth constituting portion which is formed in a radially-inner portion of sprocket and formed with internal teeth, and a plurality of rollers which are provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft and have total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth. This variable valve device employs a speed-reduction mechanism configured to output rotative force from a retainer that restricts a circumferential movement of the plurality of rollers.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-231700
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problem to be Solved
However, in the case of variable valve device disclosed in Patent Literature 1, alternating torque generated in the cam shaft due to spring force of a valve spring is transmitted to the retainer of the speed-reduction mechanism. This alternating torque generates a relatively large load which tries to cause the plurality of rollers held by the retainer to move circumferentially and ride over the internal teeth.
Accordingly, there is a problem that a tooth top and both tooth surfaces (both tooth-side surfaces) of each internal tooth of the internal-teeth constituting portion are abraded or worn so that a play (clearance) between the rollers and the teeth is produced resulting in generation of noises.
Hence, it is conceivable that the tooth top and the both tooth surfaces of each internal tooth are made to have a high degree of hardness to reduce the abrasion. However, if the hardness of these portions is excessively high, there is a risk that the rollers are abraded contrarily.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a variable valve device for an internal combustion engine, devised to suppress the occurrence of abrasion between the rollers and the internal teeth of the internal-teeth constituting portion even if alternating torque is applied to the retainer.
Solution to Problem
A device recited in claim 1 according to the present invention comprises: a drive rotating member configured to receive a rotational force from a crankshaft, the drive rotating member including an annular internal-teeth constituting portion having an inner circumferential portion formed with internal teeth; an electric motor including a motor output shaft configured to rotate relative to the drive rotating member on request; an eccentric shaft portion provided on the motor output shaft and formed in a cylindrical shape such that an outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion is eccentric relative to a rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion; a plurality of rollers provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft portion and having total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth; and a driven rotating member configured to rotate integrally with a cam shaft, permit the rollers to move in a radial direction of the driven rotating member according to the eccentric shaft portion, and restrict a movement of the rollers in a circumferential direction of the driven rotating member, wherein a hardness of a tooth bottom surface of the internal teeth of the internal-teeth constituting portion is lower than a hardness of a tooth top and a tooth surface of the internal teeth.
Effects of Invention
Accordingly, the occurrence of abrasion between the rollers and the internal teeth of the internal-teeth constituting portion can be sufficiently suppressed even if alternating torque is applied to the retainer.



BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 An enlarged sectional view illustrating rollers and internal teeth of an internal-teeth constituting portion provided in a variable valve device in an embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 A longitudinal sectional view illustrating the variable valve device in the embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 An exploded oblique perspective view illustrating main structural elements in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 A sectional view of FIG. 2, taken along a line A-A.
FIG. 5 A sectional view of FIG. 2, taken along a line B-B.
FIG. 6 A sectional view of FIG. 2, taken along a line C-C.
FIG. 7 A graph illustrating the relation between a hardness and a surface depth of laser hardening applied to a gear portion and the internal teeth in the embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of variable valve device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be explained referring to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the variable valve device according to the present invention is applied to an intake side of the internal combustion engine. However, the variable valve device according to the present invention is also applicable to an exhaust side of the internal combustion engine.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the variable valve device includes a timing sprocket 1, a cam shaft 2, a cover member 3 and a phase change mechanism 4. The timing sprocket 1 (functioning as a drive rotating member) is rotated and driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The cam shaft 2 is rotatably supported on a cylinder head through a bearing (not shown), and is rotated by a rotational force transmitted from the timing sprocket 1. The cover member 3 is provided on a front side (in an axially frontward direction) of the timing sprocket 1, and is fixedly attached to a chain cover (not shown). The phase change mechanism 4 is provided between the timing sprocket 1 and the cam shaft 2, and is configured to change a relative rotational phase between the timing sprocket 1 and the cam shaft 2 in accordance with an operating state of the engine.
Whole of the timing sprocket 1 is integrally formed of an iron-based metal in an annular shape. The timing sprocket 1 includes a sprocket main body 1a, a gear portion 1b and an internal-teeth constituting portion (internal-gear portion) 19. An inner circumferential surface of the sprocket main body 1a is formed in a stepped shape to have two relatively large and small diameters. The gear portion 1b is formed integrally with an outer circumference of the sprocket main body 1a, and receives rotational force through a wound timing chain (not shown) from the crankshaft. The internal-teeth constituting portion 19 is formed integrally with a front end portion of the sprocket main body 1a. 
A surface treatment is applied to an outer surface of the gear portion 1b by means of laser hardening (laser heat treatment). An effective hardening depth (effective case depth) of this surface treatment is approximately in a range from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.
The effective hardening depth is set within the range from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, for purpose of causing a hardness (Vickers hardness) of tooth top 19b and both tooth surfaces (flanks) 19c of each of internal teeth 19a of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 to approximately fall within a range between 800 HV and 500 HV as shown by a graph of FIG. 7.
A large-diameter ball bearing 43 which is a bearing having a relatively large diameter is interposed between the sprocket main body 1a and an after-mentioned follower member 9 provided on a front end portion of the cam shaft 2. The timing sprocket 1 is rotatably supported by the cam shaft 2 through the large-diameter ball bearing 43 such that a relative rotation between the cam shaft 2 and the timing sprocket 1 is possible.
The large-diameter ball bearing 43 includes an outer race 43a, an inner race 43b, and a ball(s) 43c interposed between the outer race 43a and the inner race 43b. The outer race 43a of the large-diameter ball bearing 43 is fixed to an inner circumferential portion (i.e., inner circumferential surface) of the sprocket main body 1a whereas the inner race 43b of the large-diameter ball bearing 43 is fixed to an outer circumferential portion (i.e., outer circumferential surface) of the follower member 9.
The inner circumferential portion of the sprocket main body 1a is formed with an outer-race fixing portion 60 which is in an annular-groove shape as obtained by cutting out a part of the inner circumferential portion of the sprocket main body 1a. The outer-race fixing portion 60 is formed to be open toward the cam shaft 2.
The outer-race fixing portion 60 is formed in a stepped shape to have two relatively large and small diameters. The outer race 43a of the large-diameter ball bearing 43 is fitted into the outer-race fixing portion 60 by press fitting in an axial direction of the timing sprocket 1. Thereby, one axial end of the outer race 43a is placed at a predetermined position, that is, a positioning of the outer race 43a is performed.
The internal-teeth constituting portion 19 is formed integrally with an outer circumferential side of the front end portion of the sprocket main body 1a. The internal-teeth constituting portion 19 is formed in a cylindrical shape (circular-tube shape) extending in a direction toward an electric motor 12 of the phase change mechanism 4. An inner circumference of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 is formed with wave-shaped internal teeth (internal gear) 19a. 
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the internal teeth 19a are formed continuously along a circumferential direction of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 such that each internal tooth 19a is equally spaced from adjacent internal tooth 19a. Each internal tooth 19a includes a tooth top 19b, both tooth surfaces (flanks) 19c and 19c, and a tooth bottom surface 19d. The tooth top 19b is formed in a V-shape (angle shape). The both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c are continuous with the tooth top 19b and extend in both circumferential directions of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19. The tooth bottom surface 19d is located between the tooth surfaces 19c and 19c. 
In the same manner as the gear portion 1b, the tooth top 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c of each internal tooth 19a of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 are treated with the laser hardening, so that the tooth top 19b and the tooth surface 19c have a hardness higher than that of a portion including the tooth bottom surface 19d. 
That is, the laser-hardening surface treatment is applied to the tooth top 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c of each internal tooth 19a such that the effective hardening depth (effective case depth) substantially falls within the range from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. This laser-hardening surface treatment is not applied to the tooth bottom surfaces 19d and an outer circumferential portion of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 which includes after-mentioned thin-wall portions 19e, except the tooth tops 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c. Therefore, a hardness (Vickers hardness) of the tooth tops 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c is approximately in the range between 800 HV and 490 HV whereas the tooth bottom surfaces 19d and the outer circumferential portion of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 have a hardness of normal iron-base metal, i.e. are relatively flexible. As mentioned above, in the laser-hardening surface treatment which is applied to the tooth tops 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c, the effective hardening depth is set to be approximately within the range between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm in the same manner as the gear portion 1b. This setting is done for purpose of causing the hardness of the tooth tops 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c of each internal tooth 19a to approximately fall within the range between 800 HV and 500 HV as shown by the graph of FIG. 7.
Moreover, a female-thread constituting portion 6 formed integrally with an after-mentioned housing 5 for the electric motor 12 is placed to face a front end portion of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19. The female-thread constituting portion 6 is formed in an annular shape.
Moreover, an annular retaining plate 61 is disposed on a (axially) rear end portion of the sprocket main body 1a, on the side opposite to the internal-teeth constituting portion 19. This retaining plate 61 is integrally formed of metallic sheet material. As shown in FIG. 2, an outer diameter of the retaining plate 61 is approximately equal to an outer diameter of the sprocket main body 1a. An inner diameter of the retaining plate 61 is approximately equal to a diameter of a radially center portion of the large-diameter ball bearing 43.
Therefore, an inner circumferential portion 61a of the retaining plate 61 faces and covers an axially outer end surface 43e of the outer race 43a through a predetermined clearance. Moreover, a stopper convex portion 61b which protrudes in a radially-inner direction of the annular retaining plate 61, i.e. protrudes toward a central axis of the annular retaining plate 61 is provided at a predetermined location of an inner circumferential edge (i.e., radially-inner edge) of the inner circumferential portion 61a. This stopper convex portion 61b is formed integrally with the inner circumferential portion 61a. 
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the stopper convex portion 61b is formed in a substantially fan shape. A tip edge 61c of the stopper convex portion 61b is formed in a circular-arc shape in cross section, along a circular-arc-shaped inner circumferential surface of an after-mentioned stopper groove 2b. Moreover, an outer circumferential portion of the retaining plate 61 is formed with six bolt insertion holes 61d each of which passes through the retaining plate 61. The six bolt insertion holes 61d are formed at circumferentially equally-spaced intervals in the outer circumferential portion of the retaining plate 61. A bolt 7 is inserted through each of the six bolt insertion holes 61d. 
An annular spacer 62 is interposed between an axially inner surface of the retaining plate 61 and the outer end surface 43e of the outer race 43a of the large-diameter ball bearing 43. Thereby, the inner surface of the retaining plate 61 faces the outer end surface 43e through the annular spacer 62. By this spacer 62, the inner surface of the retaining plate 61 applies a slight pressing force to the outer end surface 43e of the outer race 43a when the retaining plate 61 is jointly fastened to the timing sprocket 1 and the housing 5 by the bolts 7. However, a thickness of the spacer 62 is set at a certain degree at which a minute clearance between the outer end surface 43e of the outer race 43a and the retaining plate 61 is produced within a permissible range for an axial movement of the outer race 43a. 
An outer circumferential portion of the sprocket main body 1a (the internal-teeth constituting portion 19) is formed with six bolt insertion holes 1c each of which axially passes through the timing sprocket 1a. The six bolt insertion holes 1c are formed substantially at circumferentially equally-spaced intervals in the outer circumferential portion of the sprocket main body 1a. Moreover, the female-thread constituting portion 6 is formed with six female threaded holes 6a at its portions respectively corresponding to the six bolt insertion holes 1c and the six bolt insertion holes 61d of the outer circumferential portion of the retaining plate 61. By the six bolts 7 inserted into the six bolt insertion holes 61d, the six bolt insertion holes 1c and the six female threaded holes 6a; the timing sprocket 1a, the retaining plate 61 and the housing 5 are jointly fastened to one another from the axial direction.
It is noted that the sprocket main body 1a and the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 function as a casing for an after-mentioned speed-reduction mechanism 8.
The timing sprocket 1a, the internal-teeth constituting portion 19, the retaining plate 61 and the female-thread constituting portion 6 have outer diameters substantially equal to one another.
The cover member 3 is made of aluminum alloy material and is integrally formed in a cup shape. The cover member 3 includes a bulging portion (expanded portion) 3a formed at a front end portion of the cover member 3. The bulging portion 3a covers a front end portion of the housing 5. An outer circumferential portion of the bulging portion 3a is formed with a cylindrical wall 3b extending in the axial direction. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cylindrical wall 3b is formed integrally with the bulging portion 3a and includes a retaining hole 3c therein. An inner circumferential surface of the retaining hole 3c functions as a guide surface for an after-mentioned brush retaining member 28.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cover member 3 includes a flange portion 3d formed at an outer circumference of the cover member 3. The flange portion 3d is formed with six bolt insertion holes 3e. Each of the six bolt insertion holes 3e passes through the flange portion 3d. By bolts (not shown) inserted through the bolt insertion holes 3e, the cover member 3 is fixed to the chain cover.
As shown in FIG. 2, an oil seal 50 which is a seal member having a large diameter is interposed between an outer circumferential surface of the housing 5 and an inner circumferential surface of a stepped portion (multilevel portion) of outer circumferential side of the bulging portion 3a. The large-diameter oil seal 50 is formed in a substantially U-shape in cross section, and a core metal is buried inside a base material formed of synthetic rubber. An annular base portion of outer circumferential side of the large-diameter oil seal 50 is fixedly fitted in a stepped annular portion (annular groove) 3h formed in the inner circumferential surface of the cover member 3.
The housing 5 includes a housing main body (tubular portion) 5a and a sealing plate 11. The housing main body 5a is formed in a tubular shape having its bottom by press molding. The housing main body 5a is formed of iron-based metal material. The sealing plate 11 is formed of non-magnetic synthetic resin, and seals a front-end opening of the housing main body 5a. 
The housing main body 5a includes a bottom portion 5b at a rear end portion of the housing main body 5a. The bottom portion 5b is formed in a circular-disk shape. Moreover, the bottom portion 5b is formed with a shaft-portion insertion hole 5c having a large diameter, at a substantially center of the bottom portion 5b. An after-mentioned eccentric shaft portion 39 is inserted through the shaft-portion insertion hole 5c. A hole edge of the shaft-portion insertion hole 5c is formed integrally with an extending portion (exiting portion) 5d which protrudes from the bottom portion 5b in the axial direction of the cam shaft 2 in a cylindrical-tube shape. Moreover, an outer circumferential portion of a front-end surface of the bottom portion 5b is formed integrally with the female-thread constituting portion 6.
The cam shaft 2 includes two drive cams per one cylinder of the engine. Each drive cam is provided on an outer circumference of the cam shaft 2, and functions to open an intake valve (not shown). The front end portion of the cam shaft 2 is formed integrally with a flange portion 2a. 
As shown in FIG. 2, an outer diameter of the flange portion 2a is designed to be slightly larger than an outer diameter of an after-mentioned fixing end portion 9a of the follower member 9. An outer circumferential portion of a front end surface 2e of the flange portion 2a is in contact with an axially outer end surface of the inner race 43b of the large-diameter ball bearing 43, after an assembly of respective structural components. Moreover, the front end surface 2e of the flange portion 2a is fixedly connected with the follower member 9 from the axial direction by a cam bolt 10 under a state where the front end surface 2e of the flange portion 2a is in contact with the follower member 9 in the axial direction.
As shown in FIG. 5, an outer circumference of the flange portion 2a is formed with a stopper concave groove 2b into which the stopper convex portion 61b of the retaining plate 61 is inserted and engaged. The stopper concave groove 2b is formed along a circumferential direction of the flange portion 2a. The stopper concave groove 2b is formed in a circular-arc shape in cross section. The stopper concave groove 2b is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the flange portion 2a within a predetermined range given in a circumferential direction of the cam shaft 2. The cam shaft 2 rotates within this circumferential range relative to the sprocket main body 1a so that one of both end edges of the stopper convex portion 61b becomes in contact with the corresponding one of circumferentially-opposed edges 2c and 2d of the stopper concave groove 2b. Thereby, a relative rotational position of the cam shaft 2 to the timing sprocket 1 is restricted between a maximum advanced side and a maximum retarded side.
The stopper convex portion 61b is disposed axially away toward the cam shaft 2 from a point at which the outer race 43a of the large-diameter ball bearing 43 is pressed by the spacer for fixing the outer race 43a in the axial direction. Accordingly, the stopper convex portion 61b is not in contact with the fixing end portion 9a of the follower member 9. Therefore, an interference between the stopper convex portion 61b and the fixing end portion 9a can be sufficiently suppressed.
The stopper convex portion 61b and the stopper concave groove 2b constitute a stopper mechanism.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cam bolt 10 includes a head portion 10a and a shaft portion 10b. A washer portion 10c formed in an annular shape is provided on an end surface of the head portion 10a which is located on the side of the shaft portion 10b. An outer circumference of the shaft portion 10b includes a male thread portion 10d which is screwed into a female threaded portion of the cam shaft 2. The female threaded portion of the cam shaft 2 is formed from the end portion of the cam shaft 2 toward an inside of the cam shaft 2 in the axial direction.
The follower member 9 is integrally formed of an iron-based metal. As shown in FIG. 2, the follower member 9 includes the fixing end portion 9a, a cylindrical portion (circular tube portion) 9b and a cylindrical retainer 41. The fixing end portion 9a is in a circular-plate shape and is formed in a rear end side of the follower member 9. The cylindrical portion 9b protrudes in the axial direction from a front end of an inner circumferential portion of the fixing end portion 9a. The retainer 41 is formed integrally with an outer circumferential portion of the fixing end portion 9a, and retains a plurality of rollers 48.
A rear end surface of the fixing end portion 9a is in contact with the front end surface of the flange portion 2a of the cam shaft 2. The fixing end portion 9a is pressed and fixed to the flange portion 2a in the axial direction by an axial force of the cam bolt 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical portion 9b is formed with an insertion hole 9d passing through a center of the cylindrical portion 9b in the axial direction. The shaft portion 10b of the cam bolt 10 is passed through the insertion hole 9d. Moreover, a needle bearing 38 is provided on an outer circumferential side of the cylindrical portion 9b. 
As shown in FIGS. 2-4, the retainer 41 is formed in a cylindrical shape (circular-tube shape) having its bottom and protruding from the bottom in the extending direction of the cylindrical portion 9b. The retainer 41 is bent in a substantially L-shape in cross section from a front end of the outer circumferential portion of the fixing end portion 9a. A tubular tip portion 41a of the retainer 41 extends and exits through a space portion 44 toward the bottom portion 5b of the housing 5. The space portion 44 is an annular concave portion formed between the female-thread constituting portion 6 and the extending portion 5d. Moreover, a plurality of roller-retaining holes 41b are formed in the tip portion 41a substantially at circumferentially equally-spaced intervals. Each of the plurality of roller-retaining holes 41b is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in cross section, and functions as a roller retaining portion which retains the roller 48 to allow a rolling movement of the roller 48. The total number of the roller-retaining holes 41b (or the total number of the rollers 48) is smaller by one than the total number of the internal teeth 19a of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19.
An inner-race fixing portion 63 is formed in a cut-out manner between the outer circumferential portion of the fixing end portion 9a and a bottom-side connecting portion of the retainer 41. The inner-race fixing portion 63 fixes or fastens the inner race 43b of the large-diameter ball bearing 43.
The inner-race fixing portion 63 is formed by cutting the follower member in a stepped manner (multilevel manner) such that the inner-race fixing portion 63 faces the outer-race fixing portion 60 in the radial direction. The inner-race fixing portion 63 includes an outer circumferential surface 63a and a second fixing stepped surface (multilevel-linking surface) 63b. The outer circumferential surface 63a is in an annular shape (tubular shape) extending in the axial direction of the cam shaft 2. The second fixing stepped surface 63b is formed integrally with the outer circumferential surface 63a on a side opposite to an opening of the outer circumferential surface 63a, and extends in the radial direction. The inner race 43b of the large-diameter ball bearing 43 is fitted into the outer circumferential surface 63a in the axial direction by means of press fitting. Thereby, an inner end surface 43f of the press-fitted inner race 43b becomes in contact with the second fixing stepped surface 63b, so that an axial positioning of the inner race 43b is done.
The phase change mechanism 4 includes the electric motor 12 and the speed-reduction mechanism 8. The electric motor 12 functions as an actuator and is disposed on a front end side of the cam shaft 2, substantially coaxially to the cam shaft 2. The speed-reduction mechanism 8 functions to reduce a rotational speed of the electric motor 12 and to transmit the reduced rotational speed to the cam shaft 2.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electric motor 12 is a brush DC motor. The electric motor 12 is constituted by the housing 5, a motor output shaft 13, a pair of permanent magnets 14 and 15, and a stator 16. The housing 5 is a yoke which rotates integrally with the timing sprocket 1. The motor output shaft 13 functions as a medium rotating member, and is arranged inside the housing 5 to be rotatable relative to the housing 5. The pair of permanent magnets 14 and 15 are fixed to an inner circumferential surface of the housing 5. Each of the pair of permanent magnets 14 and 15 is formed in a half-round arc shape. The stator 16 is fixed to the sealing plate 11.
The motor output shaft 13 is formed in a stepped tubular shape (in a cylindrical shape having multileveled surface), and functions as an armature. The motor output shaft 13 includes a large-diameter portion 13a, a small-diameter portion 13b, and a stepped portion (multilevel-linking portion) 13c. The stepped portion 13c is formed at a substantially axially center portion of the motor output shaft 13, and is a boundary between the large-diameter portion 13a and the small-diameter portion 13b. The large-diameter portion 13a is located on the side of the cam shaft 2 whereas the small-diameter portion 13b is located on the side of the brush retaining member 28. An iron-core rotor 17 is fixed to an outer circumference of the large-diameter portion 13a. The eccentric shaft portion 39 is fitted and fixed into the large-diameter portion 13a in the axial direction by means of press fitting, so that an axial positioning of the eccentric shaft portion 39 is done by an inner surface of the stepped portion 13c. On the other hand, an annular member (tubular member) 20 is fitted over and fixed to an outer circumference of the small-diameter portion 13b by press fitting. A commutator 21 is fitted over and fixed to an outer circumferential surface of the annular member 20 by means of press fitting in the axial direction. Hence, an outer surface of the stepped portion 13c performs an axial positioning of the annular member 20 and the commutator 21. An outer diameter of the annular member 20 is substantially equal to an outer diameter of the large-diameter portion 13a. An axial length of the annular member 20 is slightly shorter than an axial length of the small-diameter portion 13b. 
The axial positioning (i.e., location setting) for both of the eccentric shaft portion 39 and the commutator 21 is performed by the inner and outer surfaces of the stepped portion 13c. Accordingly, an assembling work is easy while an accuracy of the positioning is improved.
The iron-core rotor 17 is formed of magnetic material having a plurality of magnetic poles. An outer circumferential side of the iron-core rotor 17 constitutes bobbins each having a slot. (A coil wire of) An electromagnetic coil 18 is wound on the bobbin.
The commutator 21 is made of electrical conductive material and is formed in an annular shape. The commutator 21 is divided into segments. The number of the segments is equal to the number of poles of the iron-core rotor 17. Each of the segments of the commutator 21 is electrically connected to a terminal 18c of the coil wire of the electromagnetic coil 18. That is, a tip of the terminal 18c of the coil wire is sandwiched by a turn-back portion of the commutator 21 which is formed on an inner circumferential side of the electromagnetic coil 18, so that the commutator 21 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coils 18.
The permanent magnets 14 and 15 are formed in a cylindrical shape (circular-tube shape), as a whole. The permanent magnets 14 and 15 have a plurality of magnetic poles along a circumferential direction thereof. An axial location of the permanent magnets 14 and 15 is deviated (offset) in the frontward direction from an axial location of the iron-core rotor 17.
Specifically, with respect to the axial direction, a center P of the permanent magnet 14 or 15 is located at a frontward site beyond a center P1 of the iron-core rotor 17 by a predetermined distance, as shown in FIG. 2. In other words, the stator 16 is closer to the center P of the permanent magnet 14 or 15 than to the center P1 of the iron-core rotor 17 by the predetermined distance, with respect to the axial direction.
Thereby, a front end portion 14a, 15a of the permanent magnet 14, 15 overlaps with the commutator 21 and also an after-mentioned first brush 25a, 25b of the stator 16 and so on, in the radial direction.
As shown in FIG. 6, the stator 16 mainly includes a resin plate 22, a pair of resin holders 23a and 23b, a pair of first brushes 25a and 25b each functioning as a switching brush (commutator), inner and outer slip rings 26a and 26b, and pigtail harnesses 27a and 27b. The resin plate 22 is formed in a circular plate shape, and is formed integrally with an inner circumferential portion of the sealing plate 11. The pair of resin holders 23a and 23b are provided on an inside portion (cam-shaft-side portion) of the resin plate 22. The pair of first brushes 25a and 25b are received or accommodated respectively in the pair of resin holders 23a and 23b such that the first brushes 25a and 25b are able to slide in contact with the resin holders 23a and 23b in the radial direction. Thereby, a tip surface of each of the first brushes 25a and 25b is elastically in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the commutator 21 in the radial direction by a spring force of coil spring 24a, 24b. Each of the inner and outer slip rings 26a and 26b is formed in an annular shape. The inner and outer slip rings 26a and 26b are buried in and fixed to front end surfaces of the resin holders 23a and 23b under a state where outer end surfaces (front end surfaces) of the slip rings 26a and 26b are exposed to a front-side space. The inner and outer slip rings 26a and 26b are disposed at radially inner and outer locations in a manner of radially-double layout. The pigtail harness 27a electrically connects the first brush 25a with the slip ring 26b whereas the pigtail harness 27b electrically connects the first brush 25b with the slip ring 26a. It is noted that the slip rings 26a and 26b constitute a part of a power-feeding mechanism according to the present invention. Moreover, the first brushes 25a and 25b, the commutator 21, the pigtail harnesses 27a and 27b and the like constitute an energization switching means according to the present invention.
A positioning of the sealing plate 11 is given by a concave stepped portion formed in an inner circumference of the front end portion of the housing 5. The sealing plate 11 is fixed into the concave stepped portion of the housing 5 by caulking. A shaft insertion hole 11a is formed in the sealing plate 11 to pass through a center portion of the sealing plate 11. One end portion of the motor output shaft 13 and so on are passing through the shaft insertion hole 11a. 
The brush retaining member 28 is fixed to the bulging portion 3a. The brush retaining member 28 is integrally molded by synthetic resin material, and constitutes the power-feeding mechanism.
As shown in FIG. 2, the brush retaining member 28 is substantially formed in an L-shape as viewed in a lateral direction perpendicular to the axial direction. The brush retaining member 28 mainly includes a brush retaining portion 28a, a connector portion 28b, a pair of bracket portions 28c and 28c, and a pair of terminal strips 31 and 31. The brush retaining portion 28a is substantially in a cylindrical shape, and is inserted in the retaining hole 3c. The connector portion 28b is located on an upper end portion of the brush retaining portion 28a. The pair of bracket portions 28c and 28c are formed integrally with the brush retaining portion 28a, and protrude from both sides of the brush retaining portion 28a in both directions. Through the pair of bracket portions 28c and 28c, the brush retaining member 28 is fixed to the bulging portion 3a. A major part of the pair of terminal strips 31 and 31 is buried in the brush retaining member 28.
The pair of terminal strips 31 and 31 extend in the upper-lower direction, and extend parallel to each other. The pair of terminal strips 31 and 31 are formed in a crank shape. One end (lower end) 31a of each of the terminal strips 31 and 31 is exposed at a bottom portion of the brush retaining portion 28a whereas another end (upper end) 31b of each of the terminal strips 31 and 31 is introduced in a female fitting groove 28d of the connector portion 28b and protrudes from a bottom of the female fitting groove 28d. Moreover, the another ends 31a and 31b of the terminal strips 31 and 31 are electrically connected through a male connector (not shown) to a battery power source.
The brush retaining portion 28a is provided to extend in a substantially horizontal direction (i.e., in the axial direction). The brush retaining portion 28a is formed with through-holes each having a cylindrical-column shape, at upper and lower portions of an inside of the brush retaining portion 28a. Sliding members 29a and 29b each having a sleeve shape are provided respectively in the upper and lower through-holes of the brush retaining portion 28a, and are respectively fixed to the upper and lower through-holes of the brush retaining portion 28a. Second brushes 30a and 30b are received and retained respectively in the sliding members 29a and 29b to allow the second brushes 30a and 30b to slide in contact with the sliding members 29a and 29b in the axial direction. A tip surface of each of the second brushes 30a and 30b is in contact with the slip ring 26a, 26b in the axial direction.
Each of the second brushes 30a and 30b is formed in a substantially rectangular-parallelepiped shape. Each of second coil springs 32a and 32b which is a biasing member is elastically disposed between the second brush 30a, 30b and the one end 31a of the terminal strip 31 which is exposed to a bottom portion of the through-hole of the brush retaining portion 28a. The second brushes 30a and 30b are biased respectively toward the slip rings 26b and 26a by spring forces of the second coil springs 32a and 32b. 
A pigtail harness 33a having a flexibility is disposed between a front end portion of the second brush 30a and one of the one ends 31a and 31a of the terminal strips 31 and 31, and is attached to the front end portion of the second brush 30a and the one of the one ends 31a and 31a by welding. In the same manner, a pigtail harness 33b having a flexibility is disposed between a front end portion of the second brush 30b and another of the one ends 31a and 31a of the terminal strips 31 and 31, and is attached to the front end portion of the second brush 30b and the another of the one ends 31a and 31a by welding. Thereby, the second brushes 30a and 30b are electrically connected to the terminal strips 31 and 31. A length of each of the pigtail harnesses 33a and 33b is designed to restrict a maximum sliding position of the second brush 30a, 30b such that the second brush 30a, 30b is prevented from dropping out from the sliding member 29a, 29b when the second brush 30a, 30b has moved and slid in an axially-outward direction at the maximum by the second coil spring 32a, 32b. 
Moreover, an annular (ring-shaped) seal member 34 is fitted into and held by an annular fitting groove which is formed on an outer circumference of a base portion side of the brush retaining portion 28a. The annular seal member 34 becomes elastically in contact with a tip surface of the cylindrical wall 3b to seal an inside of the brush retaining portion 28a when the brush retaining portion 28a is inserted into the retaining hole 3c. 
The male connector (not shown) is inserted into the female fitting groove 28d which is located at an upper end portion of the connector portion 28b. The another ends 31b and 31b which are exposed to the female fitting groove 28d of the connector portion 28b are electrically connected through the male connector to a control unit (not shown).
Each of the bracket portions 28c and 28c is formed in a substantially triangular shape and is formed with a bolt insertion hole 28e. Theses bolt insertion holes 28e and 28e located at both sides of the brush retaining portion 28a axially pass through the bracket portions 28c and 28c. A pair of bolts are respectively inserted through the bolt insertion holes 28e and 28e, and are screwed into a pair of female threaded holes (not shown) formed in the bulging portion 3a. Thereby, the brush retaining member 28 is fixed to the bulging portion 3a through the bracket portions 28c and 28c. 
The motor output shaft 13 and the eccentric shaft portion 39 are rotatably supported by the small-diameter ball bearing 37 and the needle bearing 38. The small-diameter ball bearing 37 is provided on an outer circumferential surface of a head-portion-side portion of the shaft portion 10b of the cam bolt 10. The needle bearing 38 is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 9b of the follower member 9, and is located axially adjacent to the small-diameter ball bearing 37. The small-diameter ball bearing 37 and the needle bearing 38 constitute a bearing mechanism.
The needle bearing 38 includes a cylindrical retainer 38a and a plurality of needle rollers 38b. The retainer 38a is formed in a cylindrical shape (circular-tube shape), and is fitted in an inner circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion 39 by press fitting. Each needle roller 38b is a rolling element supported rotatably inside the retainer 38a. The needle rollers 38b roll on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 9b of the follower member 9.
An inner race of the small-diameter ball bearing 37 is fixed between a front end edge of the cylindrical portion 9b of the follower member 9 and a washer 10c of the cam bolt 10 in a sandwiched state. On the other hand, an outer race of the small-diameter ball bearing 37 is axially positioned and supported between a snap ring 45 and a stepped portion (multilevel-linking portion) formed in an inner circumference of the motor output shaft 13. The snap ring 45 functions as a retaining ring.
A small-diameter oil seal 46 is provided between the outer circumferential surface of the motor output shaft 13 (eccentric shaft portion 39) and an inner circumferential surface of the extending portion 5d of the housing 5. The oil seal 46 prevents lubricating oil from leaking from an inside of the speed-reduction mechanism 8 into the electric motor 12. The oil seal 46 separates the electric motor 12 from the speed-reduction mechanism 8. An inner circumferential portion (radially-inner portion) of the small-diameter oil seal 46 is elastically in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the motor output shaft 13, and thereby gives friction resistance to the rotation of the motor output shaft 13.
The control unit detects a current operating state of the engine on the basis of information signals derived from various kinds of sensors and the like, such as a crank angle sensor, an air flow meter, a water temperature sensor and an accelerator opening sensor (not shown). Thereby, the control unit controls the engine. Moreover, the control unit performs a rotational control for the motor output shaft 13 by supplying electric power to the electromagnetic coils 18. Thereby, the control unit controls a relative rotational phase of the cam shaft 2 to the timing sprocket 1, through the speed-reduction mechanism 8.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the speed-reduction mechanism 8 is mainly constituted by the eccentric shaft portion 39, a medium-diameter ball bearing 47, the rollers 48, the retainer 41, and the follower member 9 formed integrally with the retainer 41. The eccentric shaft portion 39 conducts an eccentric rotational motion. The medium-diameter ball bearing 47 is provided on an outer circumference of the eccentric shaft portion 39. The rollers 48 are provided on an outer circumference of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47. The retainer 41 retains (guides) the rollers 48 along a rolling direction of the rollers 48, and permits a radial movement of each roller 48.
The eccentric shaft portion 39 is formed in a stepped cylindrical shape (stepped circular-tube shape) having a multilevel diameter. A small-diameter portion 39a of the eccentric shaft portion 39 which is located in a front end side of the eccentric shaft portion 39 is fixedly fitted in an inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter portion 13a of the motor output shaft 13 by press fitting. An outer circumferential surface of a large-diameter portion 39b of the eccentric shaft portion 39 which is located in a rear end side of the eccentric shaft portion 39, i.e. a cam surface of the eccentric shaft portion 39 has a center (axis) Y which is eccentric (deviated) slightly from a shaft center X of the motor output shaft 13 in the radial direction. It is noted that the medium-diameter ball bearing 47, the rollers 48 and the like constitute a planetary meshing portion.
Substantially whole of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 overlaps with the needle bearing 38 in the radial direction, i.e., the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 is located approximately within an axial existence range of the needle bearing 38. The medium-diameter ball bearing 47 includes an inner race 47a, an outer race 47b, and a ball(s) 47c interposed between both the races 47a and 47b. The inner race 47a is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion 39 by press fitting. The outer race 47b is not fixed in the axial direction, and thereby is in an axially freely-movable state. That is, one of axial end surfaces of the outer race 47b which is closer to the electric motor 12 is not in contact with any member whereas another 47d of the axial end surfaces of the outer race 47b faces an inside surface of the retainer 41 to have a first clearance (minute clearance) C between the another 47d of the axial end surfaces of the outer race 47b and the inside surface of the retainer 41. Moreover, an outer circumferential surface of the outer race 47b is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of each of the rollers 48 so as to allow the rolling motion of each roller 48. An annular second clearance C1 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the outer race 47b. By virtue of the second clearance C1, whole of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 can move in the radial direction in response to an eccentric rotation (of the outer circumferential surface) of the eccentric shaft portion 39, i.e., can perform an eccentric movement.
Each of the rollers 48 is formed of iron-based metal. With the eccentric movement of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47, the respective rollers 48 move in the radial direction and are fitted in the internal teeth 19a of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19. Also, with the eccentric movement of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47, the rollers 48 are forced to do a swinging motion in the radial direction while being guided in the circumferential direction by both side edges of the roller-retaining holes 41b of the retainer 41.
Lubricating oil is supplied into the speed-reduction mechanism 8 by a lubricating-oil supplying means. This lubricating-oil supplying means includes an oil supply passage, an oil supply hole 51, an oil hole 52 having a small hole diameter, and three oil discharge holes (not shown) each having a large hole diameter. The oil supply passage is formed inside the bearing of the cylinder head. Lubricating oil is supplied from a main oil gallery (not shown) to the oil supply passage. The oil supply hole 51 is formed inside the cam shaft 2 to extend in the axial direction as shown in FIG. 2. The oil supply hole 51 communicates though a groove(s) with the oil supply passage. The oil hole 52 is formed inside the follower member 9 to pass through the follower member 9 in the axial direction. One end of the oil hole 52 is open to the oil supply hole 51, and another end of the oil hole 52 is open to a region near the needle bearing 38 and the medium-diameter ball bearing 47. The three oil discharge holes are formed inside the follower member 9 to pass through the follower member 9 in the same manner.
By the lubricating-oil supplying means, lubricating oil is supplied to the space portion 44 and held in the space portion 44. Thereby, the lubricating oil is sufficiently supplied to moving elements such as the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 and the rollers 48. It is noted that the small-diameter oil seal 46 inhibits the lubricating oil held in the space portion 44 from leaking to the inside of the housing 5.
A cap 53 is fixedly fitted into an inner surface of front end portion of the motor output shaft 13 by press fitting. As shown in FIG. 2, the cap 53 is formed in a substantially U-shape in cross section, and closes a space adjacent to the cam bolt 10.
Next, operations in this embodiment according to the present invention will now be explained. At first, when the crankshaft of the engine is drivingly rotated, the timing sprocket 1 is rotated through the timing chain 42. This rotative force is transmitted through the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 and the female-thread constituting portion 6 to the housing 5. Thereby, the electric motor 12 rotates in synchronization. On the other hand, the rotative force of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 is transmitted through the rollers 48, the retainer 41 and the follower member 9 to the cam shaft 2. Thereby, the cam of the cam shaft 2 opens and closes the intake valve.
Under a predetermined engine-operating state after the start of the engine, the control unit supplies electric power to the electromagnetic coils 17 of the electric motor 12 through the terminal strips 31 and 31, the pigtail harnesses 32a and 32b, the second brushes 30a and 30b and the slip rings 26b and 26a and the like. Thereby, the rotation of the motor output shaft 13 is driven. This rotative force of the motor output shaft 13 is transmitted through the speed-reduction mechanism 8 to the cam shaft 2 so that a reduced rotation is transmitted to the cam shaft 2.
That is, the eccentric shaft portion 39 eccentrically rotates in accordance with the rotation of the motor output shaft 13. Thereby, each roller 48 rides over (is disengaged from) one internal tooth 19a of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 and moves to the other adjacent internal tooth 19a with its rolling motion while being radially guided by the roller-retaining holes 41b of the retainer 41, every one rotation of the motor output shaft 13. By repeating this motion sequentially, each roller 48 rolls in the circumferential direction under a contact state. By this contact rolling motion of each roller 48, the rotative force is transmitted to the follower member 9 while the rotational speed of the motor output shaft 13 is reduced. A speed reduction rate which is obtained at this time can be set at any value by adjusting the number of rollers 48 and the like.
Accordingly, the cam shaft 2 rotates in the forward or reverse direction relative to the timing sprocket 1 so that the relative rotational phase between the cam shaft 2 and the timing sprocket 1 is changed. Thereby, opening and closing timings of the intake valve are controllably changed to its advance or retard side.
A maximum positional restriction (angular position limitation) for the forward/reverse relative rotation of cam shaft 2 to the timing sprocket 1 is performed when one of respective lateral surfaces (circumferentially-opposed surfaces) of the stopper convex portion 61b becomes in contact with the corresponding one of the circumferentially-opposed surfaces 2c and 2d of the stopper concave groove 2b. 
Specifically, when the follower member 9 rotates (at a higher speed) in the same rotational direction as that of the timing sprocket 1 with the eccentric rotational motion of the eccentric shaft portion 39, one lateral surface of the stopper convex portion 61b becomes in contact with the circumferentially-opposed surface 1c of the stopper concave groove 2b so that a further relative rotation of the follower member 9 in the same direction is prohibited. Thereby, the relative rotational phase of the cam shaft 2 to the timing sprocket 1 is changed to the advance side at maximum.
On the other hand, when the follower member 9 rotates in a relatively opposite rotational direction to that of the timing sprocket 1 (i.e., at a lower speed than the timing sprocket 1), another lateral surface of the stopper convex portion 61b becomes in contact with the circumferentially-opposed surface 2d of the stopper concave groove 2b so that a further rotation of the follower member 9 in the relatively-opposite direction is prohibited. Thereby, the relative rotational phase of the cam shaft 2 to the timing sprocket 1 is changed to the retard side at maximum.
As a result, the opening and closing timings of the intake valve can be changed to the advance side or the retard side up to its maximum. Therefore, a fuel economy and an output performance of the engine are improved.
In this embodiment, as mentioned above, the laser hardening is not applied to entire timing sprocket 1, but is individually applied to the surface of the gear portion 1b and also the tooth tops 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c of the internal teeth 19a so as to secure a high degree of hardness. Thereby, particularly as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a thermal deformation in each thin-wall portion 19e located between the internal teeth 19a and the bolt insertion hole 1c of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 can be suppressed. Hence, whole of the internal teeth 19a has a uniform and accurate teeth profile (i.e., a uniform and accurate shape of each tooth).
That is, in the earlier technology, a heat treatment such as a carburizing-and-quenching is applied to entire timing sprocket 1 such that a high surface hardness of the entire timing sprocket 1 is secured, in order to ensure the uniform and accurate teeth profile of whole the internal teeth 19a and in order to ensure an abrasion resistance of the internal teeth 19a meshed with the rollers 48 and an abrasion resistance of the gear portion 1b on which the timing chain is wound. However, the thin-wall portion 19e located between the internal teeth 19a and the bolt insertion hole 1c is partly deformed by a thermal influence due to high heat at the time of the heat treatment. As a result, the uniform and accurate teeth profile over an entire circumference of the internal teeth 19a cannot be attained.
Because the accurate teeth profile of the internal teeth 19a is not obtained due to the partial deformation of each thin-wall portion 19e, a play (looseness) between the rollers 48 and the internal teeth 19a is not inhibited from being enlarged and also not inhibited from having an initial variability, in the case of earlier technology. As a result, relatively large noise occurs when the variable valve device is in operation.
Therefore, in the case of earlier technology, each bolt insertion hole 1c needs to exist at a location shifted in a radially outer direction of the internal-teeth constituting portion 19 such that the thin-wall portion is made to be thicker, in order to reduce the teeth-shape deformation of the internal teeth 19a which is caused due to the thermal deformation of the thin-wall portion 19e. As a result, whole the variable valve device inevitably grows in size.
In the embodiment according to the present invention, the thermal influence to the thin-wall portion 19e located between the internal teeth 19a and the bolt insertion hole 1c can be sufficiently suppressed by individually applying the laser-hardening heat treatment to the internal teeth 19a and the gear portion 1b. In more detail, the laser-hardening heat treatment is not applied to whole of the internal teeth 19a. That is, the laser-hardening heat treatment is applied to the tooth top 19b and the both tooth surfaces 19c and 19c which receive great load when the rollers 48 ride over the internal teeth 19a, and is not applied to the tooth bottom surface 19d. Hence, the thermal influence to each thin-wall portion 19e can be further avoided.
As a result, the abrasion of each internal tooth 19a can be suppressed, and also, the uniform and accurate teeth profile can be ensured over whole of the internal teeth 19a without shifting the forming location of each bolt insertion hole 1c in the radially outer direction.
Moreover, the thin-wall portion 19e has a sufficient toughness because the effective hardening depth is given within the range substantially from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. Accordingly, even if the thin-wall portion 19e is deformed a little in a diameter-shrinking direction at the time of heat treatment, crack or breakage of the thin-wall portion 19e is not generated. Moreover, when load acts from the rollers 48, the thin-wall portion 19e including the tooth bottom surface 19d is elastically deformed to absorb the shrunk diameter. Hence, the rollers 48 can smoothly go over the tooth tops 19b of the internal teeth 19a. 
Therefore, when alternating torque generated in the cam shaft 2 is transmitted through the retainer 41 to the rollers 48 so that the rollers 48 go over (ride over) the internal teeth 19a, the generation of abrasion and the worsening of teeth-shape accuracy due to load can be suppressed. Hence, noise which is generated by the play (looseness) between the internal teeth 19a and the rollers 48 can be sufficiently suppressed.
Moreover, in the embodiment according to the present invention, one winding wire 18a of the electromagnetic coil 18 is placed close to the commutator 21 with respect to the axial direction whereas another winding wire 18b of the electromagnetic coil 18 is placed in a recess 5e of the bottom portion 5b of the housing 5 in a state where the another winding wire 18b is accommodated in the recess 5e in the axial direction. Hence, an axial length of the variable valve device can be shortened. Accordingly, a mountability of the variable valve device to the internal combustion engine is improved.
Moreover, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the axial center P of the permanent magnet 14, 15 is deviated (offset) from the axial center P1 of the iron-core rotor 17 in the frontward direction, as mentioned above. Hence, the iron-core rotor 17 is sucked in the frontward direction (i.e., left direction of FIG. 2) by magnetic force generated between the permanent magnet 14, 15 and the iron-core rotor 17, so that the iron-core rotor 17, the motor output shaft 13 and the eccentric shaft portion 39 are constantly attracted in an arrow direction. That is, because each of the permanent magnet 14, 15 and the iron-core rotor 17 has its maximum magnetic force at the axial center P, P1 thereof, an attracting force of the permanent magnet 14, 15 acts on the iron-core rotor 17 so as to attract the iron-core rotor 17 toward the axial center P of the permanent magnet 14, 15. Thereby, the iron-core rotor 17, the motor output shaft 13 and the eccentric shaft portion 39 are strongly attracted in the arrow direction.
Concurrently, the small-diameter ball bearing 37, the needle bearing 38 and the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 are also attracted in the arrow direction.
Hence, the alternating torque which is caused in the cam shaft 2 due to spring force of a valve spring and the like can be inhibited from producing axial micro-vibrations of the ball bearings 37 and 47 and the needle bearing 38 which are accompanied by noises.
Moreover, because the axial location of the permanent magnet 14, 15 is deviated as mentioned above, the front end portion 14a, 15a of the permanent magnet 14, 15 can overlap with the commutator 21 and also the first brush 25a, 25b. Hence, the axial length of the variable valve device can be further shortened
The present invention is not limited to the structures explained in the above embodiments. For example, as the surface treatment of the gear portion 1b and the internal teeth 19a, an induction hardening or the like may be employed instead of the laser hardening.
Moreover, instead of the eccentric shaft portion, a thickness of the inner race 47a of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47 may be varied along the circumferential direction such that the inner race 47a is eccentric (deviated) with respect to an axis of the medium-diameter ball bearing 47. In this case, the eccentric shaft portion 39 is replaced with an extension of the motor output shaft 13 or a concentric cylindrical portion (concentric cylindrical-tube portion).
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SIGNS


    
    
        1 Timing sprocket (Drive rotating member)
        1a Sprocket main body
        1b Gear portion
        1c Bolt insertion hole (Hole)
        2 Cam shaft
        3 Cover member
        4 Phase change mechanism
        5 Housing
        7 Bolt
        8 Speed-reduction mechanism
        9 Follower member (Driven rotating member)
        12 Electric motor
        13 Motor output shaft
        14, 15 Permanent magnet
        19 Internal-teeth constituting portion (Inner-circumferential meshing portion)
        19a Internal teeth
        19b Tooth top
        19c Tooth surface
        19d Tooth bottom surface
        19e Thin-wall portion
        39 Eccentric shaft portion
        48 Roller

## Claims

1. A variable valve device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a drive rotating member configured to receive a rotational force from a crankshaft, the drive rotating member including an annular internal-teeth constituting portion having an inner circumferential portion formed with internal teeth;
an electric motor including a motor output shaft configured to rotate relative to the drive rotating member on request;
an eccentric shaft portion provided on the motor output shaft and formed in a cylindrical shape such that an outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion is eccentric relative to a rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion;
a plurality of rollers provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft portion and having total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth; and
a driven rotating member configured to
rotate integrally with a cam shaft,
permit the rollers to move in a radial direction of the driven rotating member according to the eccentric shaft portion, and
restrict a movement of the rollers in a circumferential direction of the driven rotating member,

wherein a hardness of a tooth bottom surface of the internal teeth of the internal-teeth constituting portion is lower than a hardness of a tooth top and a tooth surface of the internal teeth.

2. The variable valve device according to claim 1, wherein
the internal-teeth constituting portion includes a plurality of holes formed along the circumferential direction, and
each of the plurality of holes extends in an axial direction of the drive rotating member.

3. The variable valve device according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of holes are formed at even intervals in the circumferential direction of the internal-teeth constituting portion.

4. The variable valve device according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of holes pass through the drive rotating member in the axial direction.

5. The variable valve device according to claim 4, wherein
the electric motor includes a stator fixed to the drive rotating member, and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator,
the electric motor is configured to receive electric current from a non-rotating member through a brush and a slip ring, and
bolts are inserted into the plurality of holes such that the stator is fixed to the drive rotating member.

6. The variable valve device according to claim 5, wherein
a coil is wound on the rotor of the electric motor,
a permanent magnet is attached to the stator, and
a commutator provided on a tubular shaft of the electric motor is configured to switch electric current for energizing the coil to form magnetic flux.

7. The variable valve device according to claim 2, wherein
a surrounding portion of the plurality of holes has a hardness lower than the hardness of the tooth top and the tooth surface of the internal teeth.

8. The variable valve device according to claim 1, wherein
the internal-teeth constituting portion is molded by sintered metal, and
a surface treatment for hardening is applied to only a range from the tooth top to the tooth surface in the internal-teeth constituting portion.

9. The variable valve device according to claim 8, wherein
one of an induction hardening and a laser hardening is applied for hardening only the range from the tooth top to the tooth surface in the internal-teeth constituting portion.

10. The variable valve device according to claim 1, wherein
the eccentric shaft portion is constituted by an eccentric portion whose outer circumferential surface is eccentric relative to the rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion, an inner race fixed to the eccentric portion, and an outer race rotatable relative to the inner race through a plurality of rolling elements.

11. The variable valve device according to claim 10, wherein
the eccentric portion is integrally formed with the motor output shaft.

12. The variable valve device according to claim 1, wherein
a radially-outer side of the internal teeth has a hardness lower than a hardness of entire surface of the internal teeth.

13. A variable valve device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a drive rotating member configured to receive a rotational force from a crankshaft, the drive rotating member including an annular internal-teeth constituting portion having an inner circumferential portion formed with internal teeth;
an electric motor including a motor output shaft configured to rotate relative to the drive rotating member on request;
an eccentric shaft portion provided on the motor output shaft and formed in a cylindrical shape such that an outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion is eccentric relative to a rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion;
a plurality of rollers provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft portion and having total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth; and
a driven rotating member configured to
rotate integrally with a cam shaft,
permit the rollers to move in a radial direction of the driven rotating member according to the eccentric shaft portion, and
restrict a movement of the rollers in a circumferential direction of the driven rotating member,

wherein a tooth top and a tooth surface of the internal teeth of the drive rotating member are hardened up to a predetermined hardness by means of hardening treatment whereas a radially-outer portion from a tooth bottom surface of the internal teeth has a flexibility.

14. The variable valve device according to claim 12, wherein
an effective hardening depth of the hardening treatment is substantially within a range from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

15. The variable valve device according to claim 12, wherein
the hardening treatment is one of an induction hardening and a laser hardening.

16. A variable valve device for an internal combustion engine, the variable valve device being configured to vary an operating characteristic of an engine valve by rotating a control shaft, the variable valve device comprising:
an annular internal-teeth constituting portion having an inner circumferential portion formed with internal teeth;
an electric motor including a motor output shaft configured to rotate relative to the internal-teeth constituting portion on request;
an eccentric shaft portion provided on the motor output shaft and formed in a cylindrical shape such that an outer circumferential surface of the eccentric shaft portion is eccentric relative to a rotational center of the eccentric shaft portion;
a plurality of rollers provided between the internal teeth and the eccentric shaft portion and having total number smaller than total number of the internal teeth; and
an output member configured to
transmit rotational force to the control shaft,
permit the rollers to move in a radial direction of the output member according to the eccentric shaft portion, and
restrict a movement of the rollers in a circumferential direction of the output member,

wherein a hardness of a tooth bottom surface of the internal teeth of the internal-teeth constituting portion is lower than a hardness of a tooth top and a tooth surface of the internal teeth.