14-996-bk 

Dedvukaj v. GECMC 2007 C-1 Burnett Street, LLC 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT 

SUMMARY ORDER 

Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed 

on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate 

Procedure 32.1 and this Court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a 

document filed with this Court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an 

electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order 

must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel. 

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at 

the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, 

on the 6th day of July, two thousand fifteen. 

PRESENT: JOSÉ A. CABRANES, 

ROSEMARY S. POOLER, 

 CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY, 

 Circuit Judges. 

 

IN RE: HOTI ENTERPRISES, L.P., 

 

VICTOR DEDVUKAJ, 

Debtor-Appellant, No. 14-996-bk

v. 

GECMC 2007 C-1 BURNETT STREET, LLC, 

 

Creditor-Appellee.*

 

FOR DEBTOR-APPELLANT: ARNOLD E. DIJOSEPH, III, Arnold E. 

DiJoseph, P.C., New York, NY.

 

* The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption to conform with the above, reflecting 

the fact that the instant appeal is brought solely by Debtor-Appellant Victor Dedvukaj. 
FOR CREDITOR-APPELLEE: GEORGE B. SOUTH, III (Daniel G. Egan, 

on the brief), DLA Piper LLP (US), New 

York, NY. 

 Appeal from a March 31, 2014 judgment of the United States District Court for the 

Southern District of New York (Edgardo Ramos, Judge). 

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, 

ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court be and hereby is 

AFFIRMED. 

Debtor-Appellant Victor Dedvukaj challenges a judgment of the District Court affirming the 

judgment of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court (Robert D. Drain, U.S.B.J.), which in turn had approved and 

directed payment of $256,774.69 in damages by Dedvukaj and the debtor corporations (the April 15, 

2013 “Payment Order”). The Bankruptcy Court had issued the Payment Order after finding that 

Dedvukaj, and the debtor corporations of which he was a principal, violated the terms of a previous 

order confirming the Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization and multiple subsequent contempt orders. 

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and 

the issues on appeal. 

We review the Bankruptcy Court’s findings of fact for clear error, its conclusions of law de 

novo, and its orders awarding costs, attorney’s fees, and damages for abuse of discretion. In re 

Bayshore Wire Prods. Corp., 209 F.3d 100, 103 (2d Cir. 2000). A court abuses its discretion “if it based 

its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or 

rendered a decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.” In re Sims, 534 

F.3d 117, 132 (2d Cir. 2008) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). 

On appeal, Dedvukaj challenges only the Payment Order, which he contends was unduly 

onerous and non-compliant with the standards for civil contempt damages. Specifically, Dedvukaj 

argues that the attorney’s fees and expenses awarded as damages were excessive and that the 

Bankruptcy Court failed to consider his financial circumstances as required by law. Both arguments 

are unavailing. 

The record reflects that the Bankruptcy Court carefully and independently reviewed the 

attorney time and expense reports to ensure that they were reasonable and commensurate with the 

tasks undertaken and the hourly rates of competitors in the marketplace. Dedvukaj’s claim that the 

Bankruptcy Court merely “rubber stamped” the requested fees, see Appellant’s Reply Br. at 3, is 

directly contradicted by the record reflecting the Bankruptcy Court’s thorough assessment of the 

submitted time records, identification of vague and unreimbursable entries amounting to 

approximately ten percent of requested damages, and commensurate reduction of the damages 

awarded in the Payment Order. Indeed, even Dedvukaj himself concedes that the Court “pa[id] 
3 

attention” to issues of reasonableness of fees, customary rates, and inapplicable entries. See

Appellant’s Br. at 10-11. We identify neither clearly erroneous fact-finding nor abuse of discretion 

in the Bankruptcy Court’s assessment of fees. 

Dedvukaj’s second argument—that the Bankruptcy Court failed to consider his financial 

condition as required by law—is premised on a fundamental misreading of the Supreme Court case 

on which he himself bases his claim. Dedvukaj appears to confuse the type of compensatory 

damages levied here with punitive sanctions imposed to coerce compliance with a court’s order, only 

the latter of which requires a court to “consider the amount of defendant’s financial resources and 

the consequent seriousness of the burden to that particular defendant.” United States v. United Mine 

Workers of Am., 330 U.S. 258, 304 (1947). Since the Bankruptcy Court here explicitly “grant[ed] 

remedial sanctions but not coercive ones,” App’x at 209, its focus on evidence of loss and 

reasonableness, rather than Dedvukaj’s financial circumstances, was entirely proper.1

CONCLUSION 

We have considered all of the arguments raised by Debtor-Appellant on appeal and find 

them to be without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the judgment of the District 

Court. 

 FOR THE COURT: 

 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk 

 

1 Apart from the merits as stated above, it bears noting that this argument was raised neither before 

the Bankruptcy Court nor before the District Court. Our “well-established general rule that an appellate 

court will not consider an issue raised for the first time on appeal” thus forms a separate basis for discounting 

this argument. Bogle-Assegai v. Connecticut, 470 F.3d 498, 504 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and 

citation omitted); see also In re McKenna, 238 F.3d 186, 187 (2d Cir. 2001), as amended (May 1, 2001) (“[A party’s] 

failure to raise [an] argument . . . at the bankruptcy court level and the district court level constitutes 

waiver.”).