National Aeronautics and Space Administration

PRESS KIT/SEPTEMBER 2009

Expedition 21 and 22 

Assembling Science

www.nasa.gov
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OCTOBER 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS i

Section Page 

MISSION OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................... 1

EXPEDITION 21 & 22 CREW .................................................................................................... 11

EXPEDITION 21/22 MAJOR MILESTONES ............................................................................... 23

EXPEDITION 21/22 SPACEWALKS .......................................................................................... 25

RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA ............................................................................................................. 27

SOYUZ BOOSTER ROCKET CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

PRELAUNCH COUNTDO W N T I M E L I N E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

ASCENT/INSERTION T I M E L I N E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 33

ORBITAL INSERTION TO DOC K I N G T I M E L I N E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

KEY TIMES FOR EXPEDITION 21/22 INTERNA T I O N A L S P A C E S T A T I O N E V E N T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9

EXPEDITION 20/SOYUZ T M A - 1 4 L A N D I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

SOYUZ TMA-14 ENT R Y T I M E L I NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 44

MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 ................................................................................................... 47

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: EXPEDITION 21/22 SCIENCE OVERVIEW ....................... 53

DIGITAL NASA TELEVISION .................................................................................................... 109

EXPEDITION 21/22 PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICERS (PAO) CONTACTS ....................................... 111

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS OCTOBER 2009

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OCTOBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 1

Mission Overview 

Expeditions 21 and 22 

The next set of overlapping crews to live and 

work aboard the International Space Station will 

continue its evolution from orbiting outpost to 

multidisciplinary laboratory, activating recently 

delivered research facilities, integrating new 

supply lines and enhancing living conditions. 

A total of nine long-term residents will span 

the Expedition 21 and 22 timeframe, welcoming 

13 guests. These comings and goings are 

indicative of the fast-paced traffic pattern that 

will continue as the space station transitions 

from construction site to research center. 

The Expedition 21 and 22 crews will be 

instrumental in setting up and activating new 

research facilities, such as the Fluids Integrated 

Rack and Materials Science Research Rack 1 

that were delivered to the station by the 

STS-128 shuttle mission. They’ll also activate 

the new Combined Operational Load-Bearing 

External Resistance Treadmill (COLBERT); 

unberth the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle 

when its supply mission is complete; and 

welcome a new Russian docking module, two 

shuttle crews and a Progress resupply ship. 

Belgian astronaut Frank De Winne will become 

the first European Space Agency commander 

of the station not long after the next crew 

transport arrives to continue outfitting the 

station for an expanding research portfolio. 

De Winne will take over for Commander 

Gennady Padalka, the Russian cosmonaut who 

has been station commander for the past 

six months, when Padalka and NASA astronaut 

Mike Barratt are ready to return home to Earth 

in early October. 

By that time, the next station commander, 

NASA astronaut Jeff Williams, and Russian 

flight engineer Max Suraev, will have arrived 

on the station and joined De Winne, 

astronaut Nicole Stott, Canadian astronaut 

Robert Thirsk and Russian flight engineer 

Roman Romanenko. Those spacefarers will 

comprise the Expedition 21 crew. 

Williams and Suraev, along with Canadian 

spaceflight participant Guy Laliberte, are 

set for launch to the space station on Sept. 30, 

2009, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in 

Kazakhstan aboard the Russian Soyuz TMA-16 

spacecraft. Williams and Suraev will serve as 

Expedition 21 flight engineers until DeWinne, 

Romanenko and Thirsk return to Earth in 

November and Williams assumes command of 

the Expedition 22 crew. 
2 MISSION OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

Expedition 22 crew members from the left (front row) are NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams, 

commander; and Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov, flight engineer. From the left (back row) are 

NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer, Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev and Japan Aerospace 

Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, all flight engineers. 

Expedition 21 crew members take a break from training at NASA’s Johnson Space Center to 

pose for a crew portrait. Pictured on the front row are European Space Agency astronaut 

Frank De Winne (center), commander; NASA astronaut Nicole Stott and Russian cosmonaut 

Roman Romanenko, both flight engineers. Pictured on the back row (from the left) are Russian 

cosmonaut Maxim Suraev, NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams and Canadian Space Agency 

astronaut Robert Thirsk, all flight engineers. 
OCTOBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 3

Astronaut Jeffrey Williams (center), Expedition 21 flight engineer and Expedition 22 

commander, participates in a 1-G Extravehicular Activity (EVA) training session in the staging 

area in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Crew 

trainer Ernest Bell (left) assists Williams. 

The first indirect crew exchange of the 

program will result in Williams and Suraev 

being together alone for 16 days before the 

arrival of Russian cosmonaut and Expedition 23 

commander Oleg Kotov, NASA astronaut 

T.J. Creamer and Japanese Aerospace 

Exploration Agency spaceflight veteran 

Soichi Noguchi. They are scheduled to launch 

from Baikonur in December aboard the Soyuz 

TMA-17 spacecraft. 

De Winne, Thirsk and Romanenko will depart 

the station Dec. 1, in their Soyuz 19 spacecraft 

after 187 days in orbit. Stott will return home 

aboard the space shuttle Atlantis at the 

conclusion of the STS-129 mission, the last 

astronaut expected to use the shuttle for 

transportation to or from the station. 
4 MISSION OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, Expedition 22/23 flight 

engineer, gets help in the donning of a training version of his Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) 

spacesuit before being submerged in the waters of the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near 

NASA’s Johnson Space Center. 

Williams, 51, a retired U.S. Army colonel from 

Winter, Wis., is making his third space flight. 

The West Point graduate began working with 

NASA in 1987 on assignment from the Army, 

and was selected as an astronaut in 1996. 

In May 2000, he served as the flight engineer 

and lead spacewalker on STS-101. In 

July 2002, he commanded a nine-day undersea 

coral reef expedition operating from the 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration’s Aquarius habitat off the coast 

of Florida. In 2006, he served as Expedition 13 

flight engineer aboard the station, spending 

nearly 183 days in orbit. All totaled, Williams 

has logged more than 193 days in space, 

including more than19 hours on three 

spacewalks. 

Suraev, 37, a Russian Air Force major, will be 

making his first space flight, commanding the 

Soyuz spacecraft for its launch and landing 

and serving as a station flight engineer. Born in 

Chelyabinsk, Russia, he graduated with honors 

from the Kachin Air Force Pilot School in 1994. 

That same year, he entered the Zhukovski 

Air Force Academy, from which he also 

graduated with honors in 1998, as pilotengineer-researcher. At the pilot school he flew 

L-39 and Su-27 (Flanker) aircraft and has 

logged around 500 hours of flight time. He 

was selected as a test-cosmonaut candidate 

of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center 

Cosmonaut Office in 1997. 
OCTOBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 5

NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut 

Soichi Noguchi (mostly out of frame), both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, participate in a 

training session with the Vestibule Operations Trainer (VOT) in the Space Vehicle Mock-up 

Facility at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. 

Laliberte, 50, from Québec City, Canada, is the 

founder and chief executive officer of the 

entertainment troupe Cirque de Soleil. He will 

spend nine days on the station, flying under an 

agreement between the Russian Federal Space 

Agency and Space Adventures, Ltd. 

Kotov, 43, a physician and Russian Air Force 

colonel, will be making his second spaceflight 

and serving his second tour aboard the station. 

Selected as a cosmonaut in 1996, he trained as 

a cosmonaut researcher for a flight on the 

Soyuz and as a backup crew member to the 

Mir-26 mission. A former lead test doctor at 

Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, he served 

as a flight engineer and Soyuz commander on 

the Expedition 15 mission in 2007. He will be a 

flight engineer for Expedition 22, and assume 

the duties of Expedition 23 commander when 

Williams departs in March 2010. 

Creamer, 49, a U.S. Army colonel from Upper 

Marlboro, Md., will be making his first 

spaceflight. Assigned to NASA’s Johnson 

Space Center in 1995 as a space shuttle 

vehicle integration test engineer, he supported 

eight shuttle missions as a vehicle integration 

test team lead and specialized in coordinating 

the information technologies for the Astronaut 

Office. Selected as an astronaut in 1998, 

Creamer worked with hardware integration and 

robotics, and was a support astronaut for 

Expedition 12. 
6 MISSION OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Frank De Winne, Expedition 20 flight engineer and 

Expedition 21 commander, and astronaut Nicole Stott, Expedition 20/21 flight engineer, 

participate in a HTV berthing robotics operations training session in the Avionics Systems 

Laboratory at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. 

Noguchi, 49, an aeronautical engineer from 

Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, will be making 

his second spaceflight. He was selected as a 

National Space Development Agency of Japan 

(NASDA), now JAXA, as an astronaut 

candidate in 1996 and trained at Johnson 

Space Center. After completing his astronaut 

training, he supported development and 

integration of the station’s Japanese Kibo 

experiment module. Noguchi flew on the 

STS-114 return-to-flight mission of Discovery in 

2005. He has logged nearly 14 days in space, 

including more than 20 hours of spacewalks to 

test new procedures for shuttle inspection and 

repair techniques. 

The Expedition 21 and 22 crews will work with 

experiments across a variety of fields, including 

human life sciences, physical sciences and 

Earth observation, and conduct technology 

demonstrations. As with prior expeditions, 

many experiments are designed to gather 

information about the effects of long-duration 

spaceflight on the human body, which will help 

with planning future exploration missions to the 

moon and Mars. 

They also will activate the new COLBERT 

treadmill for scientific exercise program 

development and relocate it to the 

U.S. Tranquility module after its arrival on the 

shuttle Endeavour in February 2010. 
OCTOBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 7

Padalka and Barratt, joined by Laliberte, will 

undock and return home to Earth after 

nine days of handover activities, landing in 

Kazakhstan on Oct. 11, 2009. The Russian 

Progress 35 spacecraft will launch from 

Baikonur on Oct. 15, and arrive at the station’s 

Pirs docking port on Oct. 17, bringing two tons 

of food, fuel, air and supplies. 

Expedition 23 commander, Oleg Kotov; and 

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 

(JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (left), 

Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, participate 

in a training session in an International 

Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space 

Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA’s Johnson 

Space Center. 

The newest Russian module to be added to the 

station will launch from Baikonur on Nov. 10 

atop a Soyuz rocket and dock with to the 

Zvezda service module’s space-facing port on 

Nov. 12. 

The shuttle Discovery is scheduled to launch 

from Kennedy Space Center, Fla., on Nov. 12, 

and dock with the station on Nov. 14. The 

STS-129 Utilization and Logistics Flight-3 crew 

will deliver two Express Logistics Carriers, 

additional equipment and supplies for use 

inside the station and conduct three 

spacewalks. The spacewalkers will install two 

new materials exposure experiments and a new 

high-pressure gas tank and position additional 

external spare parts. Discovery is scheduled to 

spend seven days at the station before 

undocking, bringing Stott home after more than 

100 days on orbit. 

The Soyuz 21 craft commanded by Kotov will 

launch from Baikonur on Dec. 21, and deliver 

him, Creamer and Noguchi to the station, with 

docking to the Zarya control module’s Earthfacing port. 

There are no U.S.-based spacewalks currently 

scheduled for Expedition 21 or 22. However, 

Suraev and Kotov will don Russian Orlan 

spacesuits in January for the station’s 24th 

Russian spacewalk. It will be Kotov’s third 

spacewalk and Suraev’s first. 

The focus of the spacewalk will be the Russian 

segment’s Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2), 

which is scheduled to dock to the station in 

November and will provide an additional 

docking port and airlock on the station. Kotov 

and Suraev will be preparing the module by 

installing a docking target on its exterior and 

connecting an antenna that will be used to 

guide approaching vehicles to the larger 

antenna system on the Zvezda service module. 

They’ll also lay cables to connect the module to 

the station’s Ethernet system and install 

handrails on the hatches that will be used for 

spacewalks. 
8 MISSION OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (foreground), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 

commander, along with NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer (center) and Japan Aerospace Exploration 

Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, participate in 

a training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle 

Mock-up Facility at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. 

Williams and Suraev are scheduled to relocate 

their Soyuz to the newly connected MRM2 in 

January, making room at Zvezda’s aft port for 

the Progress 36 cargo vehicle in February. 

During three months together as a crew of five, 

Williams, Suraev, Kotov, Creamer and Noguchi 

will continue station research and outfitting 

activities, using Canadarm2 to move 

Pressurized Mating Adapter 3 from its current 

location on the port side of the Harmony 

module to Harmony’s Earth-facing common 

berthing mechanism port, and transferring 

External Stowage Platform 3 to the opposite 

side of the station’s truss structure. They’ll also 

complete unloading of the HTV cargo vehicle, 

load it with refuse, and, using Canadarm2, 

unberth it from the station and set it adrift so 

that flight controllers in Japan can command it 

to reenter the Earth’s atmosphere and be 

destroyed. 

Noguchi and Creamer also will assemble and 

check out the new JAXA Small Fine Arm (SFA) 

and install the Kibo airlock’s depressurization 

pump, which will allow experiments to be 

installed and tested on the Kibo “back porch,” 

also known as the Japanese External 

Facility (JEF). 

The Small Fine Arm will be used to manipulate 

experiments on the JEF. Based on robot arm 

technologies and operation experience from the 

Manipulator Flight Demonstration conducted on 

STS-85 in 1997, the SFA includes a 5-foot-long 

arm with six joints, a tool mechanism and a 

camera. It was designed so that it could pass 

through the Kibo airlock for repair and 

maintenance inside Kibo. 

In January, one of the station’s new commercial 

resupply rockets, built by Space Exploration 

Technologies Corp. (SpaceX), will make its first 
OCTOBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 9

Expedition 21 and 22 crews during Emergency Scene 6 crew training in 

space station mockups. 

demonstration flight. The station crew will not 

be involved in the mission, but it will mark an 

important milestone in providing additional 

supply lines for the station. 

Also during this period, another Progress 

resupply exchange is planned. Progress 35 is 

scheduled to undock from the Pirs docking 

compartment on Feb. 2. The next Russian 

cargo shot, Progress 37, will launch from 

Baikonur and dock with the aft Zvezda port in 

April. 

Another shuttle mission in February, STS-130, 

will deliver the final pressurized U.S. module, 

Tranquility, and its seven-window cupola. 

Tranquility will be installed on the newly 

vacated port berthing mechanism, and 

spacewalkers will connects its external utilities 

over the course of three spacewalks. 

The shuttle and station crews will work together 

to integrate regenerative life support systems 

into the new Tranquility module, which will 

become the station’s utility and exercise room. 

They will move the Air Revitalization System 

and its carbon dioxide removal equipment, the 

Waste and Hygiene Compartment toilet system, 

the Water Recovery System, the Oxygen 

Generation System, the Advanced Resistive 

Exercise Device, the COLBERT treadmill and a 

crew quarters rack into the newly arrived 

Tranquility module, freeing up much needed 

research space in the Destiny Laboratory. 
10 MISSION OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

Williams will hand over command of the station 

to Kotov, and then he and Suraev will depart 

the station in their Soyuz, with landing in 

Kazakhstan set for March 18, 2010. 

The next expedition crew members are set to 

arrive at the station in early April. 
OCTOBER 2009 CREW 11

Expedition 21 & 22 Crew 

Expedition 21 

Expedition 21 Patch 

The central element of the patch is inspired by 

a fractal of six, symbolizing the teamwork of the 

six-person crew. From the basic element of 

one person, together six people form a much 

more complex and multifaceted entity, toward 

the infinity of the universe. The patch shows 

children, on Earth in the bright sun, as our 

future and the reason we explore. The Soyuz 

and shuttle are the vehicles that enable human 

space exploration today, while the International 

Space Station is leading to our next goals, 

the moon and Mars. The patch shape has 

six tips, geometrically sound yet reminiscent 

of a leaf, representing symmetry and 

ecological harmony, and the six stars in deep 

space represent the current crew and future 

exploration crews. 
12 CREW OCTOBER 2009

Expedition 22 

Expedition 22 Patch 

The 22nd Expedition to the International Space 

Station is dedicated to the final stages of 

assembly and the transition to full use as an 

orbiting laboratory. The sun, providing power 

and life support to the space station, shines 

through one of the solar arrays as the 

station orbits above Earth. The oceans and 

atmosphere, providing life support to Earth, are 

shown in all their beauty. The moon hovers in 

the distance as the goal of the next era of 

exploration. The six stars illustrate the 

increased capability of the crew complement. 

In the border are the national flags of the crew 

members, as well as their surnames in their 

native languages. 
OCTOBER 2009 CREW 13

Frank De Winne 

European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut 

Frank De Winne will serve as the International 

Space Station commander of Expedition 21 

after serving as a flight engineer on 

Expedition 20. He will be the first ESA 

astronaut to command the station. He served 

as the flight engineer-1 on Soyuz TMA-15 that 

launched on May 27, 2009, and has been on 

board the station since docking on 

May 29, 2009. 

Born in Ghent, Belgium, De Winne received a 

master’s degree in telecommunications and civil 

engineering from the Royal Military Academy, 

Brussels, in 1984 and, in 1992, graduated from 

the Empire Test Pilots School in Boscombe 

Down, England. Since then, De Winne has 

logged more than 2,300 hours of flight time in 

several types of high-performance aircraft 

including Mirage, F16, Jaguar and Tornado. 

De Winne joined the ESA Astronaut Corps in 

2000 and two years later flew on a Soyuz to the 

space station as part of the Odissea mission. 

During his nine-day stay, he carried out 

23 experiments in the fields of life and physical 

sciences and education. 
14 CREW OCTOBER 2009

Roman Romanenko 

Cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, a lieutenant 

colonel in the Russian Air Force, will serve as a 

flight engineer on Expedition 21, after serving 

on Expedition 20. He was the commander of 

the Soyuz TMA-15 that launched on 

May 27, 2009. He has been on board the 

space station since docking on May 29, 2009. 

Born in the Schelkovo, Moscow Region, 

Romanenko graduated from pilot school and 

then served as a second commander in the Air 

Force. He flew L-39 and Tu-134 aircraft, 

logging more than 500 hours of flight time. In 

December 1997, he was selected as a 

test-cosmonaut candidate of the Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center Cosmonaut Office. 

From January 1998 to November 1999, 

Romanenko completed his basic training 

course and then qualified as a test-cosmonaut. 
OCTOBER 2009 CREW 15

Robert Thirsk 

Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut 

Robert Thirsk will serve as a flight engineer on 

Expedition 21, after serving on Expedition 20. 

He served as flight engineer-2 on Soyuz 

TMA-15 that launched on May 27, 2009. He 

has been on board the space station since 

docking on May 29, 2009. 

Born in New Westminster, British Columbia, 

Thirsk holds engineering degrees from the 

University of Calgary and MIT, an MBA from 

MIT, and a medical degree from McGill 

University. In December 1983, he was selected 

to the CSA astronaut program and has been 

involved in various CSA projects including 

parabolic flight campaigns and mission 

planning. He served as a crew commander for 

two space mission simulations: the seven-day 

CAPSULS mission in 1994 at Defense 

Research and Development Canada in Toronto; 

and the 11-day NASA Extreme Environment 

Mission Operations 7 (NEEMO 7) undersea 

mission in 2004 at the National Undersea 

Research Center in Key Largo, Fla. 

In 1996, Thirsk flew as a payload specialist 

aboard space shuttle mission STS-78, the Life 

and Microgravity Spacelab mission. During the 

17-day flight aboard shuttle Columbia, he and 

his six crewmates performed 43 international 

experiments devoted to the study of life and 

materials sciences. 
16 CREW OCTOBER 2009

Nicole Stott 

NASA astronaut Nicole Stott will serve as a 

flight engineer on Expedition 21 after serving on 

Expedition 20 since Aug. 30, 2009. She 

launched on board the space shuttle Discovery 

on the STS-128 mission on Aug. 28, 2009, and 

joined the Expedition 20 crew, replacing NASA 

astronaut Tim Kopra. She will return to Earth 

on board STS-129 in November 2009. 

Born in Albany, N.Y., Stott has degrees from 

Embry-Riddle University and the University of 

Central Florida. She joined NASA’s Kennedy 

Space Center in 1988 as an operations 

engineer in the Orbiter Processing Facility 

before being promoted to vehicle flow director 

for Endeavour and orbiter test engineer for 

Columbia. During her last two years at 

Kennedy, Stott served as the NASA project 

lead for the space station truss elements under 

construction at the Boeing Space Station 

Facility. 

In 1998, she joined NASA’s Johnson Space 

Center team in Houston as a member of the 

NASA Aircraft Operations Division, where she 

served as a flight simulation engineer on the 

Shuttle Training Aircraft. She was selected as 

a NASA astronaut in July 2000 and, after initial 

training, was assigned to the Astronaut Office 

Station Operations Branch, where she 

performed crew evaluations of station payloads. 

She also worked as a support astronaut and 

capsule communicator for the space station 

Expedition 10 crew. In April 2006, she was a 

crew member on the NASA Extreme 

Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO, 

9 mission. She lived and worked with a 

six-person crew for 18 days on the Aquarius 

undersea research habitat. 
OCTOBER 2009 CREW 17

Jeffrey Williams 

NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams, a retired 

U.S. Army colonel, will serve as a flight 

engineer on Expedition 21 and then as 

commander of Expedition 22. He will serve as 

flight engineer-1 on Soyuz TMA-16 scheduled 

to launch on Sept. 30, 2009. He will remain on 

board the space station after docking on 

Oct. 2, 2009, until the planned Soyuz landing in 

Kazakhstan on March 18, 2010. 

Born in Superior Wis., Williams has degrees 

from the U.S. Military Academy, the Naval 

Postgraduate School and the Naval War 

College. Williams began his NASA experience 

on an Army assignment at NASA’s Johnson 

Space Center in Houston from 1987 to 1992. 

He served as a shuttle launch and landing 

operations engineer, a pilot in the Shuttle 

Avionics Integration Laboratory and chief of the 

Operations Development Office, Flight Crew 

Operations Directorate. Williams attended the 

U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1992 and 

worked as an experimental test pilot at Edwards 

Air Force Base in California. He was selected 

by NASA in the 1996 Astronaut Class. Since 

his selection, he has completed assignments 

working on the final assembly of the 

U.S. Laboratory Module at NASA’s Marshall 

Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., 

co-chairing the space shuttle cockpit avionics 

upgrade development, commanding the 9-day 

NEEMO-3 mission on the Aquarius undersea 

research habitat, and supporting legislative 

affairs in Washington, D.C. 

In May 2000, he served as the flight engineer 

and lead spacewalker on STS-101 and, in 

1996, as the flight engineer for Expedition 13. 

Williams has logged more than 193 days in 

space, more than 19 hours of spacewalking 

time in both U.S. and Russian suits, and more 

than 2,500 hours in more than 50 different 

aircraft. 
18 CREW OCTOBER 2009

Maxim Suraev 

Cosmonaut Maxim Suraev, a colonel in the 

Russian Air Force, will serve as a flight

engineer on Expeditions 21 and 22. He will 

serve as the commander of Soyuz TMA-16 

scheduled to launch on Sept. 30, 2009. He will 

remain on board the space station after docking 

on Oct. 2, 2009, until the planned Soyuz 

landing in Kazakhstan on March 18, 2010. 

Born in Chelyabinsk, Russia, Suraev graduated 

with honors from the Kachin Air Force Pilot 

School as pilot-fighter in 1994. That same year, 

Suraev entered the Zhukovski Air Force 

Academy from which he also graduated with 

honors, in 1998, as pilot-engineer-researcher. 

At the pilot school he flew L-39 and 

Su-27 (Flanker) aircraft and has logged about 

500 hours of flight time. He was selected as a 

test-cosmonaut candidate of the Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center Cosmonaut Office 

in 1997. 
OCTOBER 2009 CREW 19

Oleg Kotov 

Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov, a colonel in the 

Russian Air Force, will serve as a flight 

engineer on Expedition 22 and then as 

commander of Expedition 23. He will serve as 

the commander of Soyuz TMA-17 scheduled to 

launch in December 2009. He will remain on 

board the space station until a planned Soyuz 

landing in Kazakhstan in May 2010. 

Born in Simferopol, Russia, Kotov entered the 

Kirov Military Medical Academy from which he 

graduated in 1988. He served at the Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center where he held the 

positions of deputy lead test-doctor and 

lead test-doctor. Kotov was selected as a 

cosmonaut candidate by GCTC in 1996. From 

June 1996 to March 1998, he completed a 

course of basic training for spaceflight. In 

March 1998, he received a test-cosmonaut 

qualification. Since July 1998, Kotov has been 

a cosmonaut-researcher and test-cosmonaut 

of the GCTC Cosmonaut Office. He began 

advanced training, in October 1998, for space 

station flights. During 2001 and 2002 he 

worked as a CAPCOM for Expeditions 3 and 4. 

In 2004, he became chief of the CAPCOM 

Branch in the Cosmonaut Office. 

In 2007, Kotov served as a flight engineer on 

Expedition 15 and as the commander of Soyuz 

TMA-10. He has logged nearly 197 days in 

space and 5 hours, 25 minutes of spacewalking 

time. 
20 CREW OCTOBER 2009

Soichi Noguchi 

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut 

Soichi Noguchi will serve as a flight engineer on 

Expeditions 22 and 23. He also will serve as 

flight engineer-1 on Soyuz TMA-17 scheduled 

to launch in December 2009. He will remain on 

board the space station until a planned Soyuz 

landing in Kazakhstan in May 2010. 

Born in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Noguchi 

has degrees from the University of Tokyo and 

holds a flight instructor certificate as CFII and 

MEI. He is a member of the Japan Society for 

Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Noguchi 

was selected by the National Space 

Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) in 

June 1996. 

Noguchi reported to the Johnson Space Center 

in August 1996. Having completed two years of 

training and evaluation, he is qualified for flight 

assignment as a mission specialist. He 

participated in the basic training course for 

Russian human space systems at the Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia in 1998. 

In 2005, Noguchi flew aboard space shuttle 

Discovery on STS-114, the return-to-flight 

mission. During that flight, the shuttle docked 

with the space station, and the crew tested and 

evaluated new procedures for flight safety and 

shuttle inspection and repair techniques. 

Noguchi has logged more than 333 hours in 

space and more than 20 hours of spacewalking 

time. 
OCTOBER 2009 MISSION MILESTONES 21

Timothy Creamer 

NASA astronaut Timothy “TJ” Creamer, a 

colonel in the U.S. Army, will serve as a flight 

engineer on Expeditions 22 and 23, and as the 

flight engineer-2 on Soyuz TMA-17 scheduled 

to launch in December 2009. He will remain on 

board the space station until a planned Soyuz 

landing in Kazakhstan in May 2010. 

Born in Ft. Huachuca, Ariz., Creamer 

entered the U.S. Army Aviation School in 

December 1982, and was designated as an 

Army aviator in August 1983, graduating as the 

distinguished graduate from his class. He is 

currently the Army’s NASA detachment 

commander. Creamer has degrees from 

Loyola College and MIT. 

Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson 

Space Center, in July 1995, as a space shuttle 

vehicle integration test engineer. He has 

directly supported eight shuttle missions as a 

vehicle integration test team lead. Creamer 

was selected as a NASA astronaut in 

June 1998. Beginning in November 2000, he 

became the crew support astronaut for the 

Expedition 3 crew. In March 2002, he headed 

the Hardware Integration Section of the Space 

Station Branch, responsible for ensuring all 

hardware configurations were properly 

integrated and that all operational aspects of 

the future station hardware are accounted for. 

He was the real-time support lead for 

Expedition 12 for robotics operations on the 

space station. 
22 CREW OCTOBER 2009

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OCTOBER 2009 MISSION MILESTONES 23

Expedition 21/22 Major Milestones 

(Dates are subject to change) 

2009: 

Sept. 30 Launch of the Expedition 21/22 crew (Williams, Suraev) and Canadian 

spaceflight participant (Laliberte) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, 

on Soyuz TMA-16 

Oct. 2 Expedition 21 docks to the International Space Station’s Zvezda Service Module 

aft port in Soyuz TMA-16 with Canadian space-flight participant 

Oct. 11 Undocking of Expedition 20 crew (Padalka and Barratt) and Canadian spaceflight 

participant (Laliberte) from Pirs Docking Compartment and landing in Kazakhstan 

on Soyuz TMA-14; Expedition 21 formally begins with De Winne as 

ISS Commander 

Oct. 17 Docking of the ISS Progress 35 cargo ship to the Pirs Docking Compartment 

Oct. 30 Undocking of Japanese HTV from the Earth-facing port of the Harmony node 

Nov. 10 Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, 

Kazakhstan, on a Russian Soyuz 

Nov. 12 MRM2 docks to the zenith port of the Zvezda Service Module’s transfer 

compartment; launch of Atlantis on the STS-129/ULF3 mission from the Kennedy 

Space Center 

Nov. 14 Docking of Atlantis to ISS Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (PMA-2); Stott becomes 

an STS-129 crew member 

Nov. 21 Undocking of Atlantis from ISS PMA-2 

Nov. 23 Landing of Atlantis to complete STS-129/ULF3 

Dec. 1 Undocking of Expedition 20 crew (De Winne, Thirsk, Romanenko) from Zarya 

module and landing in Kazakhstan on Soyuz TMA-15; Expedition 22 formally 

begins with Williams as ISS Commander (ISS temporarily occupied by crew of 

two, Williams and Suraev) 

Dec. 7 Launch of the Expedition 22/23 crew (Kotov, Noguchi, Creamer) from the 

Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Soyuz TMA-17 

Dec. 9 Docking of the Expedition 22/23 crew and Soyuz TMA-17 to the Zarya module; 

ISS increases in size to five crew members 
24 MISSION MILESTONES OCTOBER 2009

2010: 

January Russian spacewalk by Suraev and Kotov in Orlan suits to outfit the new MRM2 

and retrieve science hardware 

January Relocation of Soyuz TMA-16 to from the Zvezda Service Module aft port to the 

new MRM2 

Jan. 5 Relocation of Pressurized Mating Adapter-3 (PMA3) to the Unity node’s 

Earth-facing port in preparation for the arrival of the Tranquility node 

Jan. 12 Relocation of External Stowage Platform-3 (ESP3) to the S3 truss segment 

Feb. 2 Undocking of ISS Progress 35 from the Pirs Docking Compartment 

Feb. 3 Launch of the ISS Progress 36 cargo ship from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in 

Kazakshtan 

Feb. 4 Targeted launch of Endeavour on the STS-130/20A mission from the Kennedy 

Space Center 

Feb. 5 Docking of the ISS Progress 36 cargo ship to the Zvezda Service Module’s 

aft port 

Feb. 6 Docking of Endeavour to ISS PMA-2 

Feb. 13 Undocking of Endeavour from ISS PMA-2 

Feb. 16 Landing of Endeavour to complete STS-130/20A 

March 18 Undocking of Expedition 22 crew (Williams, Suraev) from MRM2 and landing in 

Kazakhstan on Soyuz TMA-16; Expedition 23 formally begins with Kotov as 

ISS Commander; ISS temporarily manned by crew of three; launch of Discovery 

on the STS-131/19A mission from the Kennedy Space Center 

March 20 Docking of Discovery to ISS Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (PMA-2) 

March 29 Undocking of Discovery from ISS PMA-2 

March 31 Landing of Discovery to complete STS-131/19A 
OCTOBER 2009 SPACEWALKS 25

Expedition 21/22 Spacewalks 

There are no U.S.-based spacewalks currently 

scheduled for Expedition 21 or 22. However, 

Russian Flight Engineers Maxim Suraev and 

Oleg Kotov will don Russian Orlan spacesuits 

in January 2010 for the station’s 24th Russian 

spacewalk out of the Pirs Docking 

Compartment. It will be Kotov’s third spacewalk 

and Suraev’s first. 

The focus of the spacewalk will be the outfitting 

of the Russian segment’s new Mini-Research 

Module 2 (MRM2), which is scheduled to dock 

to the station in November after its launch from 

the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to 

provide a new docking port on the station and 

also be used as an airlock for spacewalks. It 

will replace Pirs, which will eventually be 

undocked and deorbited. 

Kotov and Suraev will prepare the module for 

dockings by installing a docking target on its 

exterior and connecting an antenna that will be 

used to guide approaching vehicles to the 

station including to the larger antenna system 

on the Zvezda service module. They’ll also lay 

cables to connect the module to the station’s 

Ethernet system and install handrails on the 

hatches that will be used for spacewalks. 

The only non-Mini Research Module related 

tasks scheduled for the spacewalk will be the 

removal of a Russian experiment container 

from the station’s exterior. The container is part 

of the Biorisk experiment, which studies the 

effects of microgravity on microbial bacteria and 

fungus on structural materials. The data will be 

used in future spacecraft design, taking into 

account how solar activity affects the growth of 

the microbes. 
26 SPACEWALKS OCTOBER 2009

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OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 27

Russian Soyuz TMA 

The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is designed to serve 

as the ISS’s crew return vehicle, acting as a 

lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency 

would require the crew to leave the station. A 

new Soyuz capsule is normally delivered to the 

station by a Soyuz crew every six months, 

replacing an older Soyuz capsule at the ISS. 

The Soyuz spacecraft is launched to the space 

station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in 

Kazakhstan aboard a Soyuz rocket. It consists 

of an orbital module, a descent module and an 

instrumentation/propulsion module. 

Orbital Module 

This portion of the Soyuz spacecraft is used by 

the crew while on orbit during free-flight. It has 

a volume of 6.5 cubic meters (230 cubic feet), 

with a docking mechanism, hatch and 

rendezvous antennas located at the front end. 

The docking mechanism is used to dock with 

the space station and the hatch allows entry 

into the station. The rendezvous antennas are 

used by the automated docking system – a 

radar-based system – to maneuver towards the 

station for docking. There is also a window in 

the module. 

The opposite end of the orbital module 

connects to the descent module via a 

pressurized hatch. Before returning to Earth, 

the orbital module separates from the descent 

module – after the deorbit maneuver – and 

burns up upon re-entry into the atmosphere. 

Descent Module 

The descent module is where the cosmonauts 

and astronauts sit for launch, re-entry and 

landing. All the necessary controls and 

displays of the Soyuz are here. The module 

also contains life support supplies and batteries 

used during descent, as well as the primary and 

backup parachutes and landing rockets. It also 

contains custom-fitted seat liners for each crew 

member, individually molded to fit each 

person's body – this ensures a tight, 

comfortable fit when the module lands on the 

Earth. When crew members are brought to the 

station aboard the space shuttle, their seat 

liners are brought with them and transferred to 

the Soyuz spacecraft as part of crew handover 

activities. 

The module has a periscope, which allows the 

crew to view the docking target on the station or 

the Earth below. The eight hydrogen peroxide 

thrusters located on the module are used to 

control the spacecraft's orientation, or attitude, 

during the descent until parachute deployment. 

It also has a guidance, navigation and control 

system to maneuver the vehicle during the 

descent phase of the mission. 
28 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

This module weighs 2,900 kilograms 

(6,393 pounds), with a habitable volume of 

4 cubic meters (141 cubic feet). Approximately 

50 kilograms (110 pounds) of payload can be 

returned to Earth in this module and up to 

150 kilograms (331 pounds) if only two crew 

members are present. The Descent Module is 

the only portion of the Soyuz that survives the 

return to Earth. 

Instrumentation/Propulsion Module 

This module contains three compartments: 

intermediate, instrumentation and propulsion. 

The intermediate compartment is where the 

module connects to the descent module. It also 

contains oxygen storage tanks and the attitude 

control thrusters, as well as electronics, 

communications and control equipment. The 

primary guidance, navigation, control and 

computer systems of the Soyuz are in the 

instrumentation compartment, which is a sealed 

container filled with circulating nitrogen gas to 

cool the avionics equipment. The propulsion 

compartment contains the primary thermal 

control system and the Soyuz radiator, with a 

cooling area of 8 square meters (86 square 

feet). The propulsion system, batteries, solar 

arrays, radiator and structural connection to the 

Soyuz launch rocket are located in this 

compartment. 

The propulsion compartment contains the 

system that is used to perform any 

maneuvers while in orbit, including rendezvous 

and docking with the space station and the 

deorbit burns necessary to return to Earth. 

The propellants are nitrogen tetroxide 

and unsymmetric-dimethylhydrazine. The main 

propulsion system and the smaller reaction 

control system, used for attitude changes while 

in space, share the same propellant tanks. 

The two Soyuz solar arrays are attached to 

either side of the rear section of the 

instrumentation/propulsion module and are 

linked to rechargeable batteries. Like the 

orbital module, the intermediate section of the 

instrumentation/propulsion module separates 

from the descent module after the final deorbit 

maneuver and burns up in atmosphere upon 

re-entry. 

TMA Improvements and Testing 

The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for 

the Soyuz TM, which was used from 1986 to 

2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir 

and then to the International Space Station. 

The TMA increases safety, especially in 

descent and landing. It has smaller and more 

efficient computers and improved displays. In 

addition, the Soyuz TMA accommodates 

individuals as large as 1.9 meters (6 feet, 

3 inches) tall and 95 kilograms (209 pounds), 

compared to 1.8 meters (6 feet) and 

85 kilograms (187 pounds) in the earlier TM. 

Minimum crew member size for the TMA is 

1.5 meters (4 feet, 11 inches) and 50 kilograms 

(110 pounds), compared to 1.6 meters (5 feet, 

4 inches) and 56 kilograms (123 pounds) for the 

TM. 

Two new engines reduce landing speed and 

forces felt by crew members by 15 to 

30 percent and a new entry control system and 

three-axis accelerometer increase landing 

accuracy. Instrumentation improvements 

include a color “glass cockpit,” which is easier 

to use and gives the crew more information, 

with hand controllers that can be secured under 

an instrument panel. All the new components 

in the Soyuz TMA can spend up to one year in 

space. 

New components and the entire TMA were 

rigorously tested on the ground, in hangar-drop 

tests, in airdrop tests and in space before the 

spacecraft was declared flight-ready. For 

example, the accelerometer and associated 

software, as well as modified boosters 

(incorporated to cope with the TMA’s additional 

mass), were tested on flights of Progress 

unpiloted supply spacecraft, while the new 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 29

cooling system was tested on two Soyuz TM 

flights. 

Descent module structural modifications, seats 

and seat shock absorbers were tested in 

hangar drop tests. Landing system 

modifications, including associated software 

upgrades, were tested in a series of airdrop 

tests. Additionally, extensive tests of systems 

and components were conducted on the 

ground. 

Soyuz Launcher 

Throughout history, more than 1,500 launches 

have been made with Soyuz launchers to orbit 

satellites for telecommunications, Earth 

observation, weather, and scientific missions, 

as well as for human flights. 

The basic Soyuz vehicle is considered a 

three-stage launcher in Russian terms and is 

composed of: 

• A lower portion consisting of four boosters 

(first stage) and a central core (second 

stage). 

• An upper portion, consisting of the third 

stage, payload adapter and payload fairing. 

• Liquid oxygen and kerosene are used as 

propellants in all three Soyuz stages. 

First Stage Boosters 

The first stage’s four boosters are assembled 

around the second stage central core. The 

boosters are identical and cylindrical-conic in 

shape with the oxygen tank in the cone-shaped 

portion and the kerosene tank in the cylindrical 

portion. 

An NPO Energomash RD 107 engine with four 

main chambers and two gimbaled vernier 

thrusters is used in each booster. The vernier 

thrusters provide three-axis flight control. 

Ignition of the first stage boosters and the 

second stage central core occur simultaneously 

on the ground. When the boosters have 

completed their powered flight during ascent, 

they are separated and the core second stage 

continues to function. 

First stage separation occurs when the 

pre-defined velocity is reached, which is about 

118 seconds after liftoff. 

A Soyuz launches from the Baikonur 

Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. 
30 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Second Stage 

An NPO Energomash RD 108 engine powers 

the Soyuz second stage. This engine has four 

vernier thrusters, necessary for three-axis flight 

control after the first stage boosters have 

separated. 

An equipment bay located atop the second 

stage operates during the entire flight of the first 

and second stages. 

Third Stage 

The third stage is linked to the Soyuz second 

stage by a latticework structure. When the 

second stage’s powered flight is complete, the 

third stage engine is ignited. Separation occurs 

by the direct ignition forces of the third stage 

engine. 

A single-turbopump RD 0110 engine from KB 

KhA powers the Soyuz third stage. 

The third stage engine is fired for about 

240 seconds. Cutoff occurs at a calculated 

velocity. After cutoff and separation, the third 

stage performs an avoidance maneuver by 

opening an outgassing valve in the liquid 

oxygen tank. 

Launcher Telemetry Tracking & Flight 

Safety Systems 

Soyuz launcher tracking and telemetry is 

provided through systems in the second and 

third stages. These two stages have their own 

radar transponders for ground tracking. 

Individual telemetry transmitters are in each 

stage. Launcher health status is downlinked to 

ground stations along the flight path. Telemetry 

and tracking data are transmitted to the mission 

control center, where the incoming data flow is 

recorded. Partial real-time data processing and 

plotting is performed for flight following and 

initial performance assessment. All flight data 

is analyzed and documented within a few hours 

after launch. 

Baikonur Cosmodrome Launch 

Operations 

Soyuz missions use the Baikonur 

Cosmodrome’s proven infrastructure, and 

launches are performed by trained personnel 

with extensive operational experience. 

Baikonur Cosmodrome is in the Republic of 

Kazakhstan in Central Asia between 

45 degrees and 46 degrees north latitude and 

63 degrees east longitude. Two launch pads 

are dedicated to Soyuz missions. 

Final Launch Preparations 

The assembled launch vehicle is moved to the 

launch pad on a railcar. Transfer to the launch 

zone occurs two days before launch. The 

vehicle is erected and a launch rehearsal is 

performed that includes activation of all 

electrical and mechanical equipment. 

On launch day, the vehicle is loaded with 

propellant and the final countdown sequence is 

started at three hours before the liftoff time. 

Rendezvous to Docking 

A Soyuz spacecraft generally takes two days 

to reach the space station. The rendezvous 

and docking are both automated, though once 

the spacecraft is within 150 meters (492 feet) of 

the station, the Russian Mission Control Center 

just outside Moscow monitors the approach and 

docking. The Soyuz crew has the capability to 

manually intervene or execute these 

operations. 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 31

Soyuz Booster Rocket Characteristics 

First Stage Data - Blocks B, V, G, D 

Engine RD-107 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 102 

Burn time (sec) 122 

Specific impulse 314 

Length (meters) 19.8 

Diameter (meters) 2.68 

Dry mass (tons) 3.45 

Propellant mass (tons) 39.63 

Second Stage Data, Block A 

Engine RD-108 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 96 

Burn time (sec) 314 

Specific impulse 315 

Length (meters) 28.75 

Diameter (meters) 2.95 

Dry mass (tons) 6.51 

Propellant mass (tons) 95.7 

Third Stage Data, Block I 

Engine RD-461 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 30 

Burn time (sec) 240 

Specific impulse 330 

Length (meters) 8.1 

Diameter (meters) 2.66 

Dry mass (tons) 2.4 

Propellant mass (tons) 21.3 

PAYLOAD MASS (tons) 6.8 

SHROUD MASS (tons) 4.5 

LAUNCH MASS (tons) 309.53 

TOTAL LENGTH (meters) 49.3 

 
32 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Prelaunch Countdown Timeline 

T- 34 Hours 

 

 

 

 

 

Booster is prepared for fuel loading 

T- 6:00:00 Batteries are installed in booster 

T- 5:30:00 State commission gives go to take launch vehicle 

T- 5:15:00 Crew arrives at site 254 

T- 5:00:00 Tanking begins 

T- 4:20:00 Spacesuit donning 

T- 4:00:00 Booster is loaded with liquid oxygen 

T- 3:40:00 Crew meets delegations 

T- 3:10:00 Reports to the State commission 

T- 3:05:00 Transfer to the launch pad 

T- 3:00:00 Vehicle 1st and 2nd stage oxidizer fueling complete 

T- 2:35:00 Crew arrives at launch vehicle 

T- 2:30:00 Crew ingress through orbital module side hatch 

T- 2:00:00 Crew in re-entry vehicle 

T- 1:45:00 Re-entry vehicle hardware tested; suits are ventilated 

T- 1:30:00 Launch command monitoring and supply unit prepared 

Orbital compartment hatch tested for sealing 

T- 1:00:00 Launch vehicle control system prepared for use; gyro instruments 

activated 

T - :45:00 Launch pad service structure halves are lowered 

T- :40:00 Re-entry vehicle hardware testing complete; leak checks performed on 

suits 

T- :30:00 Emergency escape system armed; launch command supply unit 

activated 

T- :25:00 Service towers withdrawn 

T- :15:00 Suit leak tests complete; crew engages personal escape hardware auto 

mode 

T- :10:00 Launch gyro instruments uncaged; crew activates on-board recorders 

T- 7:00 All prelaunch operations are complete 

T- 6:15 Key to launch command given at the launch site 

Automatic program of final launch operations is activated 

T- 6:00 All launch complex and vehicle systems ready for launch 

T- 5:00 Onboard systems switched to onboard control 

Ground measurement system activated by RUN 1 command 

Commander's controls activated 

Crew switches to suit air by closing helmets 

Launch key inserted in launch bunker 

T- 3:15 Combustion chambers of side and central engine pods purged with 

nitrogen 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 33

Prelaunch Countdown Timeline (concluded) 

 T- 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2:30 Booster propellant tank pressurization starts 

Onboard measurement system activated by RUN 2 command 

Prelaunch pressurization of all tanks with nitrogen begins 

T- 2:15 Oxidizer and fuel drain and safety valves of launch vehicle are closed 

Ground filling of oxidizer and nitrogen to the launch vehicle is terminated

T- 1:00 Vehicle on internal power 

Automatic sequencer on 

First umbilical tower separates from booster 

T- :40 Ground power supply umbilical to third stage is disconnected 

T- :20 Launch command given at the launch position 

Central and side pod engines are turned on 

T- :15 Second umbilical tower separates from booster 

T- :10 Engine turbopumps at flight speed 

T- :05 First stage engines at maximum thrust 

T- :00 Fueling tower separates 

 Lift off 

 

Ascent/Insertion Timeline 

 T- :00 Lift off 

T+ 1:10 Booster velocity is 1,640 ft/sec 

T+ 1:58 Stage 1 (strap-on boosters) separation 

T+ 2:00 Booster velocity is 4,921 ft/sec 

T+ 2:40 Escape tower and launch shroud jettison 

T+ 4:58 Core booster separates at 105.65 statute miles 

Third stage ignites 

T+ 7:30 Velocity is 19,685 ft/sec 

T+ 9:00 Third stage cut-off 

 Soyuz separates 

Antennas and solar panels deploy 

Flight control switches to Mission Control, Korolev 

 
34 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Orbital Insertion to Docking Timeline 

FLIGHT DAY 1 OVERVIEW 

Orbit 1 Post insertion: Deployment of solar panels, antennas and docking 

probe 

- Crew monitors all deployments 

- Crew reports on pressurization of OMS/RCS and ECLSS systems 

and crew health. Entry thermal sensors are manually deactivated 

- Ground provides initial orbital insertion data from tracking 

Orbit 2 Systems Checkout: IR Att Sensors, Kurs, Angular Accels, 

“Display” TV Downlink System, OMS engine control system, 

Manual Attitude Control Test 

- Crew monitors all systems tests and confirms onboard indications 

- Crew performs manual RHC stick inputs for attitude control test 

- Ingress into HM, activate HM CO2 scrubber and doff Sokols 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established. 

Orbit 3 Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish LVLH 

attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence) 

- Crew monitors LVLH attitude reference build up 

- Burn data command upload for DV1 and DV2 (attitude, TIG Delta 

V’s) 

- Form 14 preburn emergency deorbit pad read up 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Auto maneuver to DV1 burn attitude (TIG - 8 minutes) while LOS 

- Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

DV1 phasing burn while LOS 

- Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

Orbit 4 Auto maneuver to DV2 burn attitude (TIG - 8 minutes) while LOS 

- Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

DV2 phasing burn while LOS 

- Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 35

FLIGHT DAY 1 OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 

Orbit 4 

(continued) 

Crew report on burn performance upon AOS 

- HM and DM pressure checks read down 

- Post burn Form 23 (AOS/LOS pad), Form 14 and “Globe” corrections 

voiced up 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established. 

External boresight TV camera ops check (while LOS) 

 Meal 

Orbit 5 Last pass on Russian tracking range for Flight Day 1 

Report on TV camera test and crew health 

Sokol suit clean up 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 6-12 Crew Sleep, off of Russian tracking range 

- Emergency VHF2 comm available through NASA VHF Network 

FLIGHT DAY 2 OVERVIEW 

Orbit 13 Post sleep activity, report on HM/DM Pressures 

Form 14 revisions voiced up 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 14 Configuration of RHC-2/THC-2 work station in the HM 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 15 THC-2 (HM) manual control test 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 16 Lunch 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 17 (1) Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish LVLH 

attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence) 

RHC-2 (HM) Test 

- Burn data uplink (TIG, attitude, delta V) 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Auto maneuver to burn attitude (TIG - 8 min) while LOS 

Rendezvous burn while LOS 

Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established. 
36 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

FLIGHT DAY 2 OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 

Orbit 18 (2) Post burn and manual maneuver to +Y Sun report when AOS 

- HM/DM pressures read down 

- Post burn Form 23, Form 14 and Form 2 (Globe correction) voiced 

up 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 19 (3) CO2 scrubber cartridge change out 

 Free time 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 20 (4) Free time 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 21 (5) Last pass on Russian tracking range for Flight Day 2 

 Free time 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 22 (6) - 27 

(11) 

Crew sleep, off of Russian tracking range 

- Emergency VHF2 comm available through NASA VHF Network 

FLIGHT DAY 3 OVERVIEW 

Orbit 28 (12) Post sleep activity 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 29 (13) Free time, report on HM/DM pressures 

- Read up of predicted post burn Form 23 and Form 14 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 30 (14) Free time, read up of Form 2 “Globe Correction,” lunch 

- Uplink of auto rendezvous command timeline 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radar and radio transponder tracking 

FLIGHT DAY 3 AUTO RENDEZVOUS SEQUENCE 

Orbit 31 (15) Don Sokol spacesuits, ingress DM, close DM/HM hatch 

- Active and passive vehicle state vector uplinks 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radio transponder tracking 
FLIGHT DAY 3 AUTO RENDEZVOUS SEQUENCE (CONCLUDED) 

Orbit 32 (16) Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish LVLH 

attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence) 

Begin auto rendezvous sequence 

- Crew monitoring of LVLH reference build and auto rendezvous 

timeline execution 

- A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

- Radio transponder tracking 

FLIGHT DAY 3 FINAL APPROACH AND DOCKING 

Orbit 33 (1) Auto Rendezvous sequence continues, flyaround and station 

keeping 

 - Crew monitor 

- Comm relays via SM through Altair established 

- Form 23 and Form 14 updates 

- Fly around and station keeping initiated near end of orbit 

- A/G (gnd stations and Altair), R/T TLM (gnd stations), Display TV 

downlink (gnd stations and Altair) 

- Radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 34 (2) Final Approach and docking 

- Capture to “docking sequence complete” 20 minutes, typically 

- Monitor docking interface pressure seal 

- Transfer to HM, doff Sokol suits 

- A/G (gnd stations and Altair), R/T TLM (gnd stations), Display TV 

downlink (gnd stations and Altair) 

- Radio transponder tracking 

FLIGHT DAY 3 STATION INGRESS 

Orbit 35 (3) Station/Soyuz pressure equalization 

- Report all pressures 

- Open transfer hatch, ingress station 

- A/G, R/T and playback telemetry 

- Radio transponder tracking 

 

OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 37
38 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Typical Soyuz Ground Track 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 39

Key Times for Expedition 21/22 International Space Station Events 

Expedition 21/SFP Launch on Soyuz TMA-16

2:14:42 a.m. CT on Wednesday, Sept. 30 

7:14:42 GMT on Wednesday, Sept. 30 

11:14:42 a.m. Moscow time on Wednesday, Sept. 30 

13:14:42 p.m. Baikonur time on Wednesday, Sept. 30 

Expedition 21/SFP Docking to International Space Station on Soyuz TMA-16 (Zvezda Service 

Module aft port)

3:37 a.m. CT on Friday, Oct. 2 

8:37 GMT on Friday, Oct. 2 

12:37 p.m. Moscow time on Friday, Oct. 2 

Expedition 21/SFP Hatch Opening to Space Station

6:40 a.m. CT on Friday, Oct. 2 

11:40 GMT on Friday, Oct. 2 

15:40 p.m. Moscow time on Friday, Oct. 2 

Expedition 20/SFP Hatch Closing to Space Station

5 p.m. CT on Saturday, Oct. 10 

22:00 GMT on Saturday, Oct. 10 

2 a.m. Moscow time on Sunday, Oct.11 

4 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Sunday, Oct. 11 
40 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Expedition 20/SFP Undocking from Space Station on Soyuz TMA-14 (Pirs Docking 

Compartment)

8:05 p.m. CT on Saturday, Oct. 10 

1:05 GMT on Sunday, Oct. 11 

5:05 a.m. Moscow time on Sunday, Oct. 11 

7:05 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Sunday, Oct. 11 

Expedition 20/SFP Deorbit Burn on Soyuz TMA-14

10:38 p.m. CT on Saturday, Oct. 10 

3:38 GMT on Sunday, Oct. 11 

7:38 a.m. Moscow time on Sunday, Oct. 11 

9:38 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Sunday, Oct. 11 

Expedition 20/SFP Landing in Soyuz TMA-14

11:29:52 p.m. CT on Saturday, Oct. 10 

4:29:52 GMT on Sunday, Oct. 11 

8:29:52 a.m. Moscow time on Sunday, Oct. 11 

10:29:52 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Sunday, Oct. 11 (appx. 2:41 after sunrise at the landing site) 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 41

Expedition 20/Soyuz TMA-14 Landing 

European Space Agency astronauts Frank De Winne (right), Expedition 20 flight engineer, and 

Christer Fuglesang, STS-128 mission specialist, prepare to install a new crew quarters 

compartment in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station while space shuttle 

Discovery remains docked with the station. 

After a nine day handover with the newly 

arrived Expedition 21 crew, Expedition 20 

Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, NASA 

Flight Engineer Mike Barratt and Canadian 

spaceflight participant Guy Laliberte will board 

their Soyuz TMA-14 capsule for undocking and 

a one-hour descent back to Earth. Padalka and 

Barratt will complete a six month mission in 

orbit, while Laliberte will return after an 11-day 

flight. 

About three hours before undocking, 

Padalka, Barratt and Laliberte will bid farewell 

to the new Expedition 21 crew, Commander 

Frank De Winne and Flight Engineers 

Jeff Williams, Maxim Suraev, Nicole Stott, 

Roman Romanenko and Robert Thirsk. 

Williams and Suraev are launching to the 

International Space Station from the Baikonur 

Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz 

TMA-16 vehicle. Stott arrived at the station 

in August on space shuttle Discovery. 
42 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Romanenko, Thirsk and De Winne arrived in 

May on board the Soyuz TMA-15 vehicle. The 

departing crew will climb into their Soyuz 

vehicle and close the hatch between Soyuz and 

the Zarya module. Barratt will be seated in the 

Soyuz’ left seat for entry and landing as 

onboard engineer. Soyuz Commander Padalka 

will be in the center seat, as he was for launch 

in March, and Laliberte will occupy the right 

seat. 

After activating Soyuz systems and getting 

approval from flight controllers at the Russian 

Mission Control Center outside Moscow, 

Padalka will send commands to open hooks 

and latches between Soyuz and Zarya. 

Padalka will fire the Soyuz thrusters to back 

away from Zarya. Six minutes after undocking, 

with the Soyuz about 66 feet away from 

the station, Padalka will conduct a separation 

maneuver, firing the Soyuz jets for about 

15 seconds to begin to depart the vicinity of the 

complex. 

About 2.5 hours after undocking, at a distance 

of about 12 miles from the station, Soyuz 

computers will initiate a deorbit burn braking 

maneuver. The 4.5-minute maneuver to slow 

the spacecraft will enable it to drop out of orbit 

and begin its reentry to Earth. 

About 30 minutes later, just above the first 

traces of the Earth’s atmosphere, computers 

will command the pyrotechnic separation of the 

three modules of the Soyuz vehicle. With the 

crew strapped in the Descent Module, the 

uppermost Orbital Module, containing the 

docking mechanism and rendezvous antennas, 

and the Instrumentation and Propulsion Module 

at the rear, which houses the engines and 

avionics, will separate and burn up in the 

atmosphere. 

The Descent Module’s computers will orient the 

capsule with its ablative heat shield pointing 

forward to repel the buildup of heat as it 

plunges into the atmosphere. The crew will feel 

the first effects of gravity about three minutes 

after module separation at the point called 

entry interface, when the module is about 

400,000 feet above the Earth. 

About eight minutes later, at an altitude of about 

33,000 feet, traveling at about 722 feet per 

second, the Soyuz will begin a computercommanded sequence for the deployment of 

the capsule’s parachutes. First, two “pilot” 

parachutes will be deployed, extracting a larger 

drogue parachute, which stretches out over an 

area of 79 square feet. Within 16 seconds, 

the Soyuz’ descent will slow to about 262 feet 

per second. 

The initiation of the parachute deployment will 

create a gentle spin for the Soyuz as it dangles 

underneath the drogue chute, assisting in the 

capsule’s stability in the final minutes prior to 

touchdown. 

A few minutes before touchdown, the drogue 

chute will be jettisoned, allowing the main 

parachute to be deployed. Connected to the 

Descent Module by two harnesses, the main 

parachute covers an area of about 3,281 feet. 

The deployment of the main parachute slows 

the Descent Module to a velocity of about 

23 feet per second. Initially, the Descent 

Module will hang underneath the main 

parachute at a 30 degree angle with respect 

to the horizon for aerodynamic stability. The 

bottommost harness will be severed a few 

minutes before landing, allowing the Descent 

Module to right itself to a vertical position 

through touchdown. 

At an altitude of a little more than 16,000 feet, 

the crew will monitor the jettison of the Descent 

Module’s heat shield, which will be followed by 

the termination of the aerodynamic spin cycle 

and the dissipation of any residual propellant 

from the Soyuz. Computers also will arm the 

module’s seat shock absorbers in preparation 

for landing. 
When the capsule’s heat shield is jettisoned, 

the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the surface of 

the Earth. Signals are bounced to the ground 

from the Soyuz and reflected back, providing 

the capsule’s computers updated information 

on altitude and rate of descent. 

At an altitude of about 39 feet, cockpit 

displays will tell Padalka to prepare for the soft 

landing engine firing. Just 3 feet above the 

surface, and just seconds before touchdown, 

the six solid-propellant engines will be fired in a 

final braking maneuver. This will enable the 

Soyuz to settle down to a velocity of about five 

feet per second and land, completing its 

mission. 

As always is the case, teams of Russian 

engineers, flight surgeons and technicians in 

fleets of MI-8 helicopters will be poised near the 

normal and “ballistic” landing zones, and 

midway in between, to enact the swift recovery 

of Barratt, Padalka and Laliberte once the 

capsule touches down. 

OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 43

A portable medical tent will be set up near the 

capsule in which the crew can change out of its 

launch and entry suits. Russian technicians will 

open the module’s hatch and begin to remove 

the crew members. The crew will be seated in 

special reclining chairs near the capsule for 

initial medical tests and to begin readapting to 

Earth’s gravity. 

About two hours after landing, the crew will be 

assisted to the recovery helicopters for a flight 

back to a staging site in northern Kazakhstan, 

where local officials will welcome them. The 

crew then will board a Russian military plane 

and be flown to the Chkalovsky Airfield adjacent 

to the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in 

Star City, Russia, where their families will meet 

them. In all, it will take around eight hours 

between landing and the return to Star City. 

Assisted by a team of flight surgeons, Barratt 

and Padalka will undergo planned medical 

tests and physical rehabilitation. Laliberte’s 

acclimation to Earth’s gravity will take a much 

shorter period of time due to the brevity of his 

flight. 

NASA astronauts Rick Sturckow (left), STS-128 commander; Nicole Stott, Expedition 20 flight 

engineer; and Tim Kopra, STS-128 mission specialist, pose for a photo on the middeck of space 

shuttle Discovery while docked with the International Space Station. 
44 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

Soyuz TMA-14 Entry Timeline 

Farewells and Hatch Closing

5 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

22:00 GMT on Oct. 10 

2 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

4 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Undocking Command to Begin to Open Hooks and Latches; Undocking Command + 0 mins.)

8:02 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

1:02 GMT on Oct. 11 

5:02 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

7:02 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Hooks Opened/Physical Separation of Soyuz from Zarya Module nadir port at .12 meter/sec.; 

Undocking Command + 3 mins.)

8:05 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

1:05 GMT on Oct. 11 

5:05 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

7:05 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Separation Burn from International Space Station (15 second burn of the Soyuz engines, .65 

meters/sec.; Soyuz distance from the ISS is ~20 meters)

8:08 p.m. CT on Oct.10 

1:08 GMT on Oct. 11 

5:08 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

7:08 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct.11 
OCTOBER 2009 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA 45

Deorbit Burn (appx 4:22 in duration, 115.2 m/sec.; Soyuz distance from the Space Station is 

~12 kilometers; Undocking Command appx + ~2 hours, 30 mins.)

10:38 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

3:38 GMT on Oct. 11 

7:38 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

9:38 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Separation of Modules (~23 mins. after Deorbit Burn; Undocking Command + ~2 hours, 

57 mins.)

11:02 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

4:02 GMT on Oct. 11 

8:02 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

10:02 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Entry Interface (400,000 feet in altitude; 3 mins. after Module Separation; 31 mins. after Deorbit 

Burn; Undocking Command + ~3 hours)

11:06 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

4:06 GMT on Oct. 11 

8:06 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

10:06 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Command to Open Chutes (8 mins. after Entry Interface; 39 mins. after Deorbit Burn; Undocking 

Command + ~3 hours, 8 mins.)

11:14 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

4:14 GMT on Oct. 11 

8:14 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

10:14 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 

Two pilot parachutes are first deployed, the second of which extracts the drogue chute. The drogue 

chute is then released, measuring 24 square meters, slowing the Soyuz down from a descent rate of 

230 meters/second to 80 meters/second. 
46 RUSSIAN SOYUZ TMA OCTOBER 2009

The main parachute is then released, covering an area of 1,000 meters; it slows the Soyuz to a descent 

rate of 7.2 meters/second; its harnesses first allow the Soyuz to descend at an angle of 30 degrees to 

expel heat, then shifts the Soyuz to a straight vertical descent. 

Soft Landing Engine Firing (6 engines fire to slow the Soyuz descent rate to 1.5 meters/second 

just .8 meter above the ground)

Landing – appx. 2 seconds 

Landing (~50 mins. after Deorbit Burn; Undocking Command + ~3 hours, 24 mins.)

11:29:52 p.m. CT on Oct. 10 

4:29:52 GMT on Oct. 11 

8:29:52 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 11 

10:29:52 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Oct. 11 (~2:41 after sunrise at the landing site). 
OCTOBER 2009 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 47

Mini-Research Module 2 

The Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) is a new 

Russian module that will arrive at the

International Space Station early in the

Expedition 21 increment. It is scheduled to be 

launched Nov. 10 from the Baikonur

Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on a Russian Soyuz 

rocket, and will dock to the space-facing port of 

the Zvezda Service Module two days later. 

Developed at RSC Energia, MRM2 will double 

as a new airlock and docking port for arriving 

Russian vehicles to the space station. 

The module will increase the number of ports 

on the Russian segment of the station and 

enable further development of the Russian 

program of space station experiments and 

research. 

MRM2 will provide a docking target for visual 

monitoring of automated Soyuz and Progress 

vehicle dockings and will provide up to 3 cubic 

meters of pressurized volume for stowing cargo 

and science hardware. 

For its flight to the station, MRM2 will deliver up 

to 1,000 kg (2,204 lb) of cargo in its pressurized 

compartment. Eight hundred kilograms 

(1,764 lb) will consist of Russian Orlan space 

suits and life support equipment. 

MRM2 Basic Specifications 

Launch mass 3670 ± 50 kg 

(8091 ± 110 lb) 

Maximum hull diameter 2.550 m 

(8 ft 4 in) 

Hull length between docking assembly 

planes 

4.049 m 

(13 ft 3 in) 

Pressurized volume 14.8 m3 

(523 ft3) 

Habitable volume 10.7 m3 

(380 ft3) 

Number of egress hatches (open inward) 2 

Egress hatch diameter 1.000 m 

(3 ft 3 in) 

 
48 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 OCTOBER 2009

External Features

Cargo Boom

EV Hatch

Science Hardware
OCTOBER 2009 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 49

Payload System Workstations

Multipurpose workstation

(to be delivered)

Magnetic locks

Workstations inside МRМ2 

(on windows)
50 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 OCTOBER 2009

ISS Russian Segment after MRM2 Integration

DC1

МRМ2

SМ

FGB

Soyuz ТМA

Progress М

Soyuz ТМА

Progress М
OCTOBER 2009 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 51

MRM2

MRM1

MLM

SM

ISS after MRM2, MRM1, and MLM Integration
52 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE 2 OCTOBER 2009

This page intentionally blank 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 53

International Space Station: Expedition 21/22 Science Overview 

The Expedition 21/22 mission marks start of the 

transition from assembling the International 

Space Station to using it for continuous 

scientific research in the fall of 2010. 

Nearly 150 operating experiments in 

human research; biological and physical 

sciences; technology development; Earth 

observation, and educational activities will be 

conducted aboard the station, including several 

pathfinder investigations under the auspices of 

the station’s new role as a U.S. National 

Laboratory. 

In the past, assembly and maintenance 

activities have dominated the available time for 

crew work. But as completion of the orbiting 

laboratory nears, additional facilities, and the 

crew members to operate them, will enable a 

measured increase in time devoted to research 

as a national and multinational laboratory. 

Among the new National Laboratory

Pathfinder (NLP) investigations are the latest 

experiments in the NLP-Vaccine series, which 

will follow up on recent discoveries about how 

the infectious nature of some germs can be 

controlled. The NLP Vaccine research is aimed 

at developing vaccines against microbial 

pathogens, with results already obtained 

targeting Salmonella bacteria that cause 

diarrhea.

CSA, 5

ESA, 44

NASA, 87

JAXA, 29

19

42

36

42

26

Human Research

Technology Development

Physical Sciences

Biological Sciences

Earth Observation & Education

• Expeditions 19 – 24

– 165 U.S.O.S.-integrated investigations

• 104 new investigations

• 78 International Partner investigations

– > 400 scientists

Number of Investigations, Expeditions 19 – 24

Disciplines for U.S.O.S.-integrated Science

ISS Research Plans

(Expeditions 19 – 24 , April 2009 – October 2010, data as of September 15, 2009)
54 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

Outside the station, the new Materials 

International Space Station Experiment, 

MISSE 7, will be installed by the STS-129 crew 

of Atlantis in December. MISSE 7 will test 

space suit materials for use on the lunar 

surface and materials for the new solar arrays 

being designed for NASA’s Orion spacecraft, 

evaluating how well they withstand the effects 

of atomic oxygen, ultraviolet, direct sunlight, 

radiation, and extremes of heat and cold. 

The work of more than 400 scientists, this 

research has been prioritized based on 

fundamental and applied research needs 

established by NASA and the international 

partners – the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), 

the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan 

Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the 

Russian Federal Space Agency (RSA). 

Managing the international laboratory’s 

scientific assets, as well as the time and space 

required to accommodate experiments and 

programs, from a host of private, commercial, 

industry and government agencies nationwide, 

makes the job of coordinating space station 

research critical. 

Teams of controllers and scientists on the 

ground continuously plan, monitor and remotely 

operate experiments from control centers 

around the globe. Controllers staff payload 

operations centers around the world, effectively 

providing for researchers and the station crew 

around the clock, seven days a week. 

State-of-the-art computers and communications 

equipment deliver up-to-the-minute reports 

about experiment facilities and investigations 

between science outposts across the United 

States and around the world. The payload 

operations team also synchronizes the payload 

time lines among international partners, 

ensuring the best use of valuable resources 

and crew time. 

The control centers of NASA and its partners 

are

• NASA Payload Operations Center, 

Marshall Space Flight Center in 

Huntsville, Ala. 

• RSA Center for Control of Spaceflights 

(“TsUP” in Russian) in Korolev, Russia 

• JAXA Space Station Integration and 

Promotion Center (SSIPC) in Tskuba, 

Japan 

• ESA Columbus Control Center (Col-CC) in 

Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 

• CSA Payloads Operations Telesciences 

Center, St. Hubert, Quebec, Canada 

NASA’s Payload Operations Center serves as a 

hub for coordinating much of the work related to 

delivery of research facilities and experiments 

to the space station as they are rotated in and 

out periodically when space shuttles or other 

vehicles make deliveries and return completed 

experiments and samples to Earth. 

The payload operations director leads the 

POC’s main flight control team, known as the 

"cadre," and approves all science plans in 

coordination with Mission Control at NASA’s 

Johnson Space Center in Houston, the 

international partner control centers and the 

station crew.

On the Internet 

For fact sheets, imagery and more on 

Expedition 21/22 experiments and payload 

operations, visit 

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 55

Location of International Space Station Experiment Facilities 

JPM1D1

JPM1F1 JPM1F4

JPM1D4

JPM 103

JPM1A1 JPM1A4

JPM1O2

JPM1A5

JPM1O1 JPM1O4 JPM 1O5

deck

forward

aft

overhead

Radial Port

JPM 1A2 JPM1A3 JPM1A6

RMS

SE#355

DMS -2

SE#352

DMS -1

SE#351

HDP

JRSR-1 ICS /

PROX

SE#360

RYUTAI

SE#364

SAIBO

SE#365

JRSR-2

ZSR AVCO

JPM1D2 JPM1D3 JPM1D5 JPM 1D6

ECLSS /

TCS -2

SE#357

CQ -3 MELFI-1

SE#62

EPS-1

SE#358

EPS-2

SE#359

ECLSS /

TCS-1

JPM1F3 JPM1F5 JPM1F6

ZSR

SE#117

ARS W/S

SE#8

EXPR-4 

SE#17

EXPR-5

SE#31

SE#356 SE#25

SE#23 SE#362

SE#354 SE#353

J 

P

M

JPM1F2

ITCS

JLP1A2 JLP1P2 JLP1F2 JLP1S2

JLP1A1 JLP1P1 JLP1F1 JLP1S1

AVCO HDP ZSR

SE#121

JLP

aft port forward starboard 

ZSR ZSR HDP HDP

HDP

SE#120 SE#122

COL1O4 COL1O3

C 

o 

l 

u 

m 

b 

u 

s

COL1O1

ZSR

SE#112

ZSR

SE#113

FSL

SE#412

COL1O2

ZSR

SE#126

COL1A4 COL1A3 COL1A1

HRF-2

SE#417

EPM

SE#413

EXPR-3 

(ARIS )

SE#16

COL1A2

Bio Lab

SE#414

COL1D4 COL1D3 COL1D1

ETC

SE#415

System

SE#400

System

SE#400

COL1D2

System

SE#400

COL1F4 COL1F3 COL1F1

HRF -1 AVCO EDR

SE#411

COL1F2

MSG

SE#13 SE#18

NOD2O5

ZSR

SE#118

NOD2O4

DDCU 

JEM-1

SE#301

NOD2S5

NOD2D5

N 

o 

d 

e 

2

NOD2P5

CQ-1

SE#60

T2

SE#45

CQ -4

SE#63

NOD2S4

NOD2D4

NOD2P4

DDCU 

ESA-2

SE#304

DDCU 

ESA-1

SE#303

DDCU 

JEM-2

SE#302

P

M

A 

- MPLM 2

deck

overhead

AIR1O1

Stowage 

SE#191

AIR1A1

AIR1D1

SE#192

AIR1F1

Avionics

A 

i 

r 

l 

o 

c 

k forward

aft CA Equip

Stowage 

SE#193

SE#194

P

M

A 

-

2

LAB1O1

EXPR-2 

(ARIS )

SE#15

LAB1O3

MSRR -1 

(ARIS )

SE#22

LAB1O2

EXPR-1

SE#14

LAB1S6 LAB1S3 LAB1S1

LAB1P5

LAB1D5

L

A

B

LAB1O6

LAB1D6

ARS

SE#314

LAB1D4

Avionics-1

SE#4

LAB1D3 LAB1D2 LAB1D1

Window Avionics-2

SE#5

Avionics-3

SE#6

WRS -1

SE#315

DDCU -2

SE#9

LAB1S5 LAB1S4 LAB1S2

MELFI-2

SE#34

TCS

SE#3

MSS/AV

SE#12

LAB1P6

TCS

SE#2

LAB1P3 LAB1P1

MSS/AV

SE#11

DDCU -1

SE#7

LAB1P4 LAB1P2

WHC

SE#317

LAB1O5 LAB1O4

SE#21

CIR 

(PaRIS ) TeSS

GALLEY 

(EXPR-6)

FIR 

(ARIS )

SE#370

WRS -2 OGS

RSR 

(CHeCS )

SE#155 SE#318

SE#316 SE#313

SE#27

NOD1D4

NOD1P4 N 

o 

d 

e 

1

NOD1O4

ZSR

SE#110

RSR

SE#381

NOD1S4

ZSR

SE#116

ZSR

SE#111

overhead

starboard

deck

port PMA -3

Z1 

Truss

Air -

lock

PMA -

3

P

M

A 

-

2

CMRS reserved zone

NASA 

Stowage

Subsystem

NASA 

Payload IP Payload

RWS CEVIS

ARIS /PaRIS 

Capable

forward

IRED ARED

IP Stowage

Rack Pivot Point

FGB

COL

JEM

PM
56 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

International Space Station Experiment Facilities 

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

BioLab Biological 

Experiment 

Laboratory 

ESA Facilities Biological Experiment Laboratory in 

Columbus (BioLab) is a multi-user 

research facility located in the 

European Columbus Laboratory. It will 

be used to perform space biology 

experiments on microorganisms, cells, 

tissue cultures, small plants and small 

invertebrates. BioLab will allow a better 

Columbus 

understanding of the effects of 

microgravity and space radiation on 

biological organisms 

EDR European 

Drawer Rack 

ESA Facilities European Drawer Rack (EDR) is a 

multidiscipline facility to support up to 

seven modular Experiment Modules 

(EM). Each payload may be composed 

of several EMs. Each payload will have 

its own cooling, power, and data 

communications, as well as vacuum, 

venting and nitrogen supply if required 

Columbus 

EPM European 

Physiology 

Module 

ESA Facilities European Physiology Module (EPM) is 

designed to investigate the effects of 

short-term and long-duration space 

flights on the human body. It includes 

equipment for studies in neuroscience, 

cardiovascular, bone and muscle 

physiology 

Columbus 

ETC European 

Transportation 

Carrier 

ESA Facilities The European Transportation 

Carrier (ETC) will provide on-orbit 

stowage for payload items and support 

of additional European facilities. After 

the first use of the rack, it will be used 

primarily as a transport rack in 

conjunction with the Multi-Purpose 

Logistics Module (MPLM) 

Columbus 

FSL Fluid Science 

Laboratory 

ESA Facilities Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) is a 

multiuser facility, designed by the 

European Space Agency (ESA) for 

conducting fluid physics research in 

microgravity conditions. It can be 

operated in fully or in semi-automatic 

mode and can be controlled onboard by 

the International Space Station (ISS) 

crewmembers, or from the ground in 

telescience mode 

Columbus 
International Space Station Experiment Facilities (continued) 

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 57

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

Solar Sun 

Monitoring on 

the External 

Payload 

Facility of 

Columbus 

ESA Facilities Sun Monitoring on the External Payload 

Facility of Columbus (Solar) is a 

monitoring observatory that will 

measure the solar spectral irradiance. 

Apart from scientific contributions for 

solar and stellar physics, the 

knowledge of the solar energy 

irradiance into the Earth’s atmosphere 

and its variations is of great importance 

for atmospheric modeling, atmospheric 

chemistry and climatology 

External 

Ryutai Ryutai 

Experiment 

Rack 

JAXA Facilities Ryutai Experiment Rack (Ryutai) which 

means “fluid,” is a multipurpose 

payload rack system that includes a 

Fluid Physics Experiment Facility, 

Solution Crystallization Observation 

Facility, Protein Crystallization 

Research Facility, and image 

processing 

Kibo 

Saibo Saibo 

Experiment 

Rack 

JAXA Facilities Saibo Experiment Rack (Saibo), which 

means “living cell,” includes a Clean 

Bench glovebox with microscope that 

isolates the organisms being studied, 

and Cell Biology Experiment Facility 

that includes incubator and centrifuges 

Kibo 

CIR Combustion 

Integrated 

Rack 

NASA Facilities The Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) 

includes an optics bench, combustion 

chamber, fuel and oxidizer control, and 

five different cameras for performing 

combustion experiments in microgravity 

Destiny 

EMCS European 

Modular 

Cultivation 

System 

NASA Facilities European Modular Cultivation 

System (EMCS) allows for cultivation, 

stimulation and crew-assisted operation 

of biological experiments under 

well-controlled conditions 

(e.g., temperature, atmospheric 

composition, water supply and 

illumination). It includes two 

centrifuges that can provide artificial 

gravity from 0 to 2G 
58 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

International Space Station Experiment Facilities (continued) 

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

EXPRESS 

Rack-1 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-1 

NASA Facilities EXpedite the PRocessing of 

Experiments to Space Station Rack-1 

(EXPRESS Rack-1) is a multipurpose 

payload rack system that stores and 

supports experiments aboard the 

International Space Station. 

The EXPRESS Rack system supports 

science experiments in any discipline 

by providing structural interfaces, 

power, data, cooling, water and other 

items needed to operate science 

experiments in space 

Destiny 

EXPRESS 

Rack-2A 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-2 Active 

Rack Isolation 

System 

NASA Facilities EXpedite the PRocessing of 

Experiments to Space Station Rack-2 

Active Rack Isolation System 

(EXPRESS Rack-2A) is a modified 

EXPRESS Rack (ER) that house 

experiments aboard the International 

Space Station. The ARIS component 

of the ER reduces external vibration 

disturbances at selected experiment 

locations inside the ER, allowing the 

payloads to operate in an environment 

of greatly reduced vibrational 

disturbances 

Destiny 

EXPRESS 

Rack-3A 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-3 Active 

Rack Isolation 

System 

NASA Facilities EXpedite the PRocessing of 

Experiments to Space Station Rack-3 

Active Rack Isolation System 

(EXPRESS Rack-3A) is a modified 

EXPRESS Rack (ER) that house 

experiments aboard the International 

Space Station. The ARIS component 

of the ER reduces external vibration 

disturbances at selected experiment 

locations inside the ER, allowing the 

payloads to operate in an environment 

of greatly reduced vibrational 

disturbances 

Columbus 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 59

International Space Station Experiment Facilities (continued) 

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

EXPRESS 

Rack-4 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-4 

NASA Facilities The EXPRESS Rack is a multipurpose 

payload rack system that transports, 

stores and supports experiments 

aboard the International Space Station. 

The EXPRESS Rack system supports 

science payloads in any discipline by 

providing structural interfaces, power, 

data, cooling, water and other items 

needed to operate science experiments 

in space 

Kibo 

EXPRESS 

Rack-5 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-5 

NASA Facilities The EXPRESS Rack are multipurpose 

payload rack systems that store and 

supports experiments aboard the 

International Space Station. The 

EXPRESS Rack system supports 

science payloads in any discipline by 

providing structural interfaces, power, 

data, cooling, water and other items 

needed to operate science experiments 

in space 

Kibo 

EXPRESS 

Rack-6 

EXpedite the 

PRocessing of 

Experiments 

to Space 

Station 

Rack-6 

NASA Facilities EXpedite the PRocessing of 

Experiments to Space Station Rack-6 

(EXPRESS Rack-6) are multipurpose 

payload rack systems that store and 

support experiments aboard the 

International Space Station. 

The EXPRESS Rack system supports 

science experiments in any discipline 

by providing structural interfaces, 

power, data, cooling, water and other 

items needed to operate science 

FIR Fluids 

Integrated 

Rack 

NASA Facilities The Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) is a 

complementary fluid physics research 

facility designed to host investigations 

in areas such as colloids, gels, bubbles, 

wetting and capillary action, and phase 

changes including, boiling and cooling 

Destiny 

HRF-1 Human 

Research 

Facility-1 

NASA Facilities The Human Research Facility-1 

(HRF-1) enables study of the effects of 

long-duration space flight on the human 

body. Equipment in the HRF-1 

includes a clinical ultrasound and a 

Columbus 

device for measuring mass 
60 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009

International Space Station Experiment Facilities (continued) 

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

HRF-2 Human 

Research 

Facility-2 

NASA Facilities The Human Research Facility-2 

(HRF-2) enables study of the effects of 

long-duration space flight on the human 

body. HRF-2 equipment includes a 

refrigerated centrifuge; devices for 

measuring blood pressure, and heart 

function; and the Pulmonary Function 

System for measuring lung function 

Columbus 

MELFI Minus 

Eighty-Degree 

Laboratory 

Freezer for 

ISS 

NASA Facilities Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory 

Freezer for ISS (MELFI) is a European 

Space Agency built, National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration 

operated freezers will store samples on 

ISS at temperatures as low as 

-80 degrees C 

Kibo 

MELFI-2 Minus 

Eighty-Degree 

Laboratory 

Freezer for 

ISS -2 

NASA Facilities Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory 

Freezer for ISS (MELFI) is a European 

Space Agency built, National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration 

operated freezers will store samples on 

ISS at temperatures as low as 

-80 degrees C 

MSG Microgravity 

Science 

Glovebox 

NASA Facilities Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) 

provides a safe contained environment 

for research with liquids, combustion 

and hazardous materials aboard the 

Columbus 

International Space Station (ISS). 

Without the MSG, many types of 

hands-on investigations would be 

impossible or severely limited onboard 

the Station 

MSRR Materials 

Science 

Research 

Rack-1 

NASA Facilities The Materials Science Research 

Rack-1 (MSRR-1) will be used for basic 

materials research in the microgravity 

environment of the ISS. MSRR-1 can 

Destiny 

accommodate and support diverse 

Experiment Modules (EMs). In this way 

many material types, such as metals, 

alloys, polymers, semiconductors, 

ceramics, crystals, and glasses, can be 

studied to discover new applications for 

existing materials and new or improved 

materials 
International Space Station Experiment Facilities (concluded) 

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 61

Name Title Agency Category Summary Location 

UMS Urine NASA Facilities The Urine Monitoring System (UMS) is 

Monitoring a system designed to collect an 

System individual crewmember’s void, gently 

separate urine from air, accurately 

measure void volume, allow for void 

sample acquisition, and discharge 

remaining urine into the Waste and 

Hygiene Compartment (WHC) onboard 

the International Space Station (ISS) 
62 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

AgCam Agricultural Camera NASA Observing the 

Earth and 

Educational 

Activities 

The Agricultural Camera (AgCam) will take frequent images, in visible and infrared light, of vegetated areas on the Earth, principally of growing crops, rangeland, grasslands, forests, and wetlands in the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions of the United States. Images will be delivered within 2 days directly to requesting farmers, ranchers, foresters, natural resource managers and tribal officials to help improve their environmental stewardship of the land. Images will also be shared with educators for classroom use 

Express Rack AgCam was built 

and will be operated primarily by students and faculty at the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND. George A. Seielstad, Ph.D., University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 

ISS 

ARISS Amateur Radio on 

the International Space Station 

NASA Observing the 

Earth and 

Educational 

Activities 

The Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) uses ham radio equipment onboard the International Space Station (ISS) to connect crewmembers to groups that include general public, teachers, students, and parents. The goal of ARISS is to get students interested in mathematics and science by allowing them to talk directly with the crews living and working aboard the ISS 

Unknown ISS 

Zag Ambiguous Tilt and 

Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight 

ESA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight (Zag) will investigate the exposure to combined tilt and translation motion profiles. It will also examine the effects of stimulus frequency (0.15 - 0.6Hz) on adaptive changes in eye movements and motion perception, and evaluate how a tactile prosthesis can be used to improve control performance 

No Facility Gilles Clement, 

Ph.D., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France 

PrePos
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 63 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Aquarium RSA Biomedical Study of stability of model closed ecological system and its parts under microgravity conditions, both as microsystem components and as perspective biological systems of space crews life support ARIL RSA Biotechnology Effect produced by SFFs on expression of strains producing interleukins 1α, 1β, "ARIL" EKE Assessment of Endurance Capacity by Gas Exchange and Heart Rate Kinetics during Physical Training ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Assessment of Endurance Capacity by Gas Exchange and Heart Rate Kinetics during Physical Training (EKE) targets the development of a diagnostic tool for the assessment of endurance capacity from respiratory and cardiovascular kinetics in response to changes in exercise intensity. It will also provide data for the development of a physiological model to explore the delay and distortion of muscle VO2 signals during their travel to the lungs No Facility U. Hoffman, S. Fasoulas, Dieter Essfeld, T. Drager ISS Astrovaktsina (astrovaccine) RSA Biotechnology Cultivation of E.Coli-protein Caf1 producer in zero-g AIS/GATOR Automatic Identification System/ Grappling Adaptor to On-Orbit Railing ESA Technology Development AIS/GATOR (Automatic Identification System/Grappling Adaptor to On-Orbit Railing) aims to demonstrate the space-based capability of identification of maritime vessels using the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The Grappling Adaptor to On-Orbit Railing (GATOR) demonstrates the on- orbit capability of simple hardware designed to attached small passive equipment/payloads externally to the ISS Extravehicular handrails Unknown Karsten Strauch, European Space Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, The Netherlands ISS Bakteriofag RSA Biotechnology Study of effect produced by space flight factors on bacteriophage 
Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

 Bar RSA Complex Analysis 

Effectiveness 

Estimation 

Testing of principles and methods for the Space Station leak area control, selection of the sensor design and configuration 

 BIF RSA Biotechnology Study of effect produced by space 

flight factors on technological and biomedical characteristics of bifid bacteria 

 BIMS (Onboard 

Information Medical System) 

RSA Biomedical Study of flight medical information 

support using onboard information medical system 

BCAT-3 Binary Colloidal Alloy 

Test - 3 

NASA Physical Sciences 

in Microgravity 

Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 (BCAT-3) will allow crews to photograph samples of colloidal particles (tiny nanoscale spheres suspended in liquid) to document liquid/gas phase changes, and the formation of colloidal crystals confined to a surface. Results will help scientists develop fundamental physics concepts previously hindered by the effects of gravity. Data may lead to improvements in supercritical fluids used in rocket propellants and biotechnology applications, and advancements in fiber-optics technology 

No Facility David 

Weitz, Ph.D. and Peter Lu, Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 

ISS 

BCAT-4 Binary Colloidal Alloy 

Test - 4 

NASA Physical Sciences 

in Microgravity 

Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 4 (BCAT-4) is a follow-on experiment to BCAT-3. BCAT-4 will study ten colloidal samples. Seven of these samples will determine phase separation rates and add needed points to the phase diagram of a model critical fluid system initially studied in BCAT-3. Three of these samples will use model hardspheres to explore colloidal crystal formation, providing insight into how nature brings order out of disorder 

No Facility David Weitz, 

Ph.D. and Peter Lu, Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Paul M. Chaikin, Ph.D., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ and New York University, New York, NY 

ISS 

64 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 65 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

BCAT-5 Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5 NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity The Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5 (BCAT-5) is a suite of four investigations that will photograph randomized colloidal samples onboard the International Space Station (ISS) to determine their resulting structure over time. The use of EarthKAM software and hardware will allow the scientists to capture the kinetics (evolution) of their samples, as well as the final equilibrium state of each sample No Facility Arjun Yodh, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, University Park, PA; Barbara Frisken, Ph.D., Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Matthew Lynch, Ph.D., Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH; David Weitz, Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Paul Chaikin, Ph.D., New York University, New York, NY ISS 

Biodegradatsiya RSA Biotechnology Assessment of the initial stages of biodegradation and biodeterioration of the surfaces of structural materials Bioemulsiya (Bioemulsion) RSA Biotechnology Study and improvement of closed- type autonomous reactor for obtaining biomass of microorganisms and bioactive substance without additional ingredients input and metabolism products removal 
 2009 66 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Hair Biomedical analyses JAXA Human Spaceflight Hair will study the effects of long- No Facility Chiaki Mukai, ISS 

of human hair Technology term exposure to the space JAXA exposed long-term Development environment on gene expression space flight and mineral metabolism in human hair. Human hair is one of the most suitable biological specimens for a space experiment since there are no special requirements for handling or for use of hardware. Hair matrix cells actively divide in a hair follicle while these cell divisions sensitively reflect physical conditions. The hair shaft records the information of the astronauts' metabolic conditions. These samples give us useful physiological information to examine the effects of spaceflight on astronauts participating in long- duration spaceflight missions. In the experiment, two different analyses will be performed using the ISS crew members' hair: 1) Nucleic Acids (RNA and mitochondrial DNA) and proteins in the hair root and 2) Minerals in the hair shaft Biorisk RSA Biomedical Study of space flight impact on microorganisms-substrates systems state related to space technique ecological safety and planetary quarantine problem Biotrack RSA Biotechnology Study of space radiation heavy charged particles fluxes influence on genetic properties of bioactive substances cells-producers 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 67 Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Bisphosphonates Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (Bisphosphonates) will determine whether antiresorptive agents (help reduce bone loss), in conjunction with the routine inflight exercise program, will protect ISS crewmembers from the regional decreases in bone mineral density documented on previous ISS missions Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Adrian LeBlanc, Ph.D., Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston TX; Toshio Matsumoto, M.D., Ph.D., University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Japan ISS 

BISE Bodies in the Space Environment CSA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Bodies in the Space Environment (BISE) will evaluate adaptation to, the effect of, and recovery from long-duration microgravity exposure on the perception of orientation using the OCHART protocol No Facility Laurence R. Harris, Ph.D., York University, North York, Ontario, Canada ISS 

CFE-2 Capillary Flow Experiment – 2 NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity Capillary Flow Experiment – 2 (CFE-2) is a versatile experiment to study characteristics of low-g capillary flows. CFE-2 is designed to probe capillary phenomena of fundamental and applied importance, such as: capillary flow in complex containers, critical, critical wetting in discontinuous structures and surfaces, and passive gas-liquid phase separators No Facility Mark Weislogel, Ph.D., Portland State University, Portland, OR ISS 

International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
68 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Integrated Cardiac Atrophy and NASA Human Research Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Human Benjamin D. ISS 

Cardiovascular Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Countermeasures Development Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Integrated Cardiovascular) will quantify the extent, time course and clinical significance of cardiac atrophy (decrease in the size of the heart muscle) associated with long- duration space flight. This experiment will also identify the mechanisms of this atrophy and the functional consequences for crewmembers who will spend extended periods of time in space Research Facility-1 (HRF-1) Levine, M.D., Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX CCISS Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS (CCISS) will study the effects of long-duration space flight on crewmembers' heart functions and their blood vessels that supply the brain. Learning more about the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems could lead to specific countermeasures that might better protect future space travelers. This experiment is collaborative effort with the Canadian Space Agency Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Richard Lee Hughson, Ph.D., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ISS 

Cascad (Cascade) RSA Biotechnology Study of various types cells cultivation processes 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 69 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

CSI-03 Commercial Generic 

Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert – 03 NASA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert – 03 (CSI-03) is the third set of investigations in the CSI program series. The CSI program provides the K-12 community opportunities to utilize the unique microgravity environment of the International Space Station as part of the regular classroom to encourage learning and interest in science, technology, engineering and math. CSI-03 will examine the complete life cycle of the painted lady butterfly and the ability of an orb weaving spider to spin a web, eat and remain healthy in space Express Rack Nancy Moreno, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Paula Cushing, Ph.D., Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO; Mark Stowe, Gainesville, FL; Mary Ann Hamilton, Butterfly Pavilion, Westminster, CO; Ken Werner, Gulf Coast Butterflies, Naples, FL; Louis Stodieck, Ph.D., University of Colorado - Boulder, BioServe Space Technologies, Boulder, CO ISS 
70 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

SWAB Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft (SWAB) will use advanced molecular techniques to comprehensively evaluate microbes on board the space station, including pathogens (organisms that may cause disease). It also will track changes in the microbial community as spacecraft visit the station and new station modules are added. This study will allow an assessment of the risk of microbes to the crew and the spacecraft No Facility Duane L. Pierson, Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS Constant RSA Biotechnology Study of the influence factor space flight on activity ferment CVB Constrained Vapor Bubble NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) consists of a remotely controlled microscope and a small, wickless heat pipe or heat exchanger operating on an evaporation/condensation cycle. The objective is to better understand the physics of evaporation and condensation as they affect heat transfer processes in a heat exchanger designed for cooling critical, high heat output, components in microgravity Fluids Integration Rack (FIR) Peter C. Wayner, Jr., Ph.D., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York ISS Contur (Sidebar) RSA Technical Studies Development of the methods of management through Internet robot-manipulator on ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 71 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

CEO Crew Earth 

Observations NASA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities Crew Earth Observations (CEO) takes advantage of the crew in space to observe and photograph natural and human-made changes on Earth. The photographs record the Earth’s surface changes over time, along with dynamic events such as storms, floods, fires and volcanic eruptions. These images provide researchers on Earth with key data to better understand the planet No Facility Susan Runco, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS 

DTN Delay Tolerant Networking NASA Technology Development The Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) will test communication protocols with the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA) onboard the International Space Station that can be used for exploration. The primary purpose of this activity is to rapidly mature the DTN technology for use in NASA’s exploration missions and space communications architecture Kevin Gifford, Ph.D., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO ISS 
A

72 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

DECLIC DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization (DECLIC) is a multi-user facility consisting of three investigations, DECLIC - Alice Like Insert (DECLIC-ALI), DECLIC - High Temperature Insert (DECLIC-HTI) and DECLIC - Directional Solidification Insert (DECLIC-DSI) to study transparent media and their phase transitions in microgravity on board the International Space Station (ISS) Express Rack Yves Garrabos, Ph.D., Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Matter of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bernard Billia, Ph.D., University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France; Fabienne Duclos, Centre National d ’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France ISS 
Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Pro-K Dietary Intake Can 

Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery investigation 

NASA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

The Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery investigation (Pro K) is NASA’s first evaluation of a dietary countermeasure to lessen bone loss of astronauts. Studies to date have not proven any countermeasures against bone loss to be effective during flight. Pro K investigators propose that a flight diet with a decreased ratio of animal protein to potassium will lead to decreased loss of bone mineral. This investigation will allow researchers to see how diet affects loss of bone mass and recovery of bone after landing. Pro K will have an impact on the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems for future exploration missions to the Moon and Mars, and could yield a method of counteracting bone loss that would have virtually no risk of side effects and require no additional launch mass or crew time 

Human Research Facility-1 (HRF-1) 

Scott M. Smith, Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 

ISS 

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 73 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
D

74 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

OSIS-DOBIES Dose Distribution Inside ISS - Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The Dose Distribution Inside ISS - Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space (DOSIS-DOBIES) consist of two investigations. The DOSIS portion of the experiment will provide documentation of the actual nature and distribution of the radiation field inside the spacecraft. Integral measurements of energy, charge and LET spectra of the heavy ion component will be done by the use of different nuclear track detectors. The objective of DOBIES is to develop a standard dosimetric method (as a combination of different techniques) to measure the absorbed doses and equivalent doses in biological samples European Physiology Module (EPM) Guenther Reitz, Ph.D., German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany; Filip Vanhavere, Ph.D., Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Brussels, Belgium ISS 

 Dykhanie RSA Biomedical Study of respiration regulation and biomechanics under space flight conditions EDOS Early Detection of Osteoporosis in Space ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Early Detection of Osteoporosis in Space (EDOS) will test the ability of XtremeCT technology (developed by SCANCO Medical) to detect bone architecture changes and provide a better evaluation of the kinetics of bone loss recovery postflight No Facility Christian Alexandre, M.D., Universite Jean Monnet, St. Etienne, France Pre

Pos
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 75 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

EarthKAM Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students NASA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM), an education activity, allows middle school students to program a digital camera on board the International Space Station to photograph a variety of geographical targets for study in the classroom. Photos are made available on the world wide web for viewing and study by participating schools around the world. Educators use the images for projects involving Earth Science, geography, physics, and social science No Facility Sally Ride, Ph.D., University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA ISS 

EPO-Demos Education Payload Operation - Demonstrations NASA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities Education Payload Operation - Demonstrations (EPO-Demos) are recorded video education demonstrations performed on the International Space Station (ISS) by crewmembers using hardware already onboard the ISS. EPO- Demos are videotaped, edited, and used to enhance existing NASA education resources and programs for educators and students in grades K-12. EPO-Demos are designed to support the NASA mission to inspire the next generation of explorers No Facility Matthew Keil, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS 
A

N

76 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

eurospat Effect of Gravitational Context on EEG Dynamics: A Study of Spatial Cognition, Novelty Processing and Sensorimotor Integration ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Effect of Gravitational Context on EEG Dynamics: A Study of Spatial Cognition, Novelty Processing and Sensorimotor Integration (Neurospat) consists of two investigational protocols. One protocol will test prefrontal brain functions and spatial cognition and the other will determine the effect of gravitational context on brain processing European Physiology Module (EPM) L. Balazs, Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Guy Cheron, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ISS 

ERB-2 Erasmus Recording Binocular-2 ESA Technology Development Erasmus Recording Binocular-2 (ERB-2) is a three-dimensional (3-D) video camera that is used to take images of the environment onboard the International Space Station (ISS). These images are used to create an accurate three- dimensional map of the interior of ISS European Drawer Rack (EDR) Massimo Sabbatini, European Space Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, The Netherlands ISS 

VO2Max Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions (VO2max) will document changes in maximum oxygen uptake for crewmembers onboard the International Space Station (ISS) on long-duration missions, greater than 90 days. This investigation will establish the characteristics of VO2max during flight and assess the validity of the current methods of tracking aerobic capacity change during and following the ISS missions No Facility Alan D. Moore, Jr., Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 77 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

Focus Foam Casting and Utilization in Space ESA Physical Sciences in Microgravity Foam Casting and Utilization in Space (FOCUS) will provide nanoparticle stabilized foam generation and bubble nucleation and development in microgravity BioLab Pal Barczy, Admatis Ltd., Miskolc, Hungary ISS 

Functional Task Test Functional Task Test: Physiological Factors Contributing to Changes in Postflight Functional Performance NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Functional Task Test: Physiological Factors Contributing to Changes in Postflight Functional Performance (FTT) tests astronauts on an integrated suite of functional and physiological tests before and after short and long-duration space flight. The study will identify critical mission tasks that may be impacted, map physiological changes to alterations in physical performance and aid in the design of countermeasures that specifically target the physiological systems responsible for impaired functional performance No Facility Jacob Bloomberg, Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX Pre

Pos

Vascular Health Consequences of Long-Duration Flight CSA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Health Consequences of Long- Duration Flight (Vascular) will provide an integrated approach to gain knowledge concerning the mechanisms responsible for changes that will occur in vascular structure with long-duration space flight and to link this with their functional and health consequences Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Richard Lee Hughson, Ph. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanaD., da ISS 

HREP-HICO HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean NASA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HREP-HICO) will operate a visible and near- infrared (VNIR) Maritime Hyperspectral Imaging (MHSI) system, to detect, identify and quantify coastal geophysical features from the International Space Station No Facility Mike Corson, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC ISS 
78 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

S

HREP-RAIDS HICO and RAIDS 

Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System 

NASA Technology 

Development 

The HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (HREP-RAIDS) experiment will provide atmospheric scientists with a complete description of the major constituents of the thermosphere (layer of the Earth’s atmosphere) and ionosphere (uppermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere), global electron density profiles at altitudes between 100 - 350 kilometers 

No Facility Scott Budzien, 

Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 

ISS 

JAXA-PCG High Quality Protein 

Crystal Growth Experiment 

JAXA Applied Research JAXA PCG seeks to grow crystals 

of biological macromolecules by the 

counter diffusion technique. The main scientific objective of the JAXA PCG experiment is to produce fine-quality protein crystals in microgravity.The crystals will be grown in the JAXA PCG Canister using the Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF) in the RYUTAI rack. The space-grown crystals will be applied to structural biology and pharmaceutical activities.This experiment is a JAXA-ROSCOSMOS science collaboration. JAXA is performing the onboard experiments, including samples from the Russian research group, and OSCOSMOS is operating the launch and retrieval 

Ryutai Tomoyuki 

Kobayashi, Masaru Sato, Satoshi Sano, JAXA 

ISS 

 Identifikatsiya RSA Technical Studies Identification of disturbance 

sources when the microgravity conditions on the ISS are disrupted 

 Impulse (

Рulse) RSA Geophysical Ionospheric sounding by pulsed 

plasma sources 
I

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 79 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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RadSilk Integrated Assessment of Long- term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, in Space JAXA Life Science Rad Silk will examine the effects of space radiation and microgravity on silkworm eggs. The silkworm egg is assumed to have a highly sensitive stage during radiation exposure after diapause, since white spots are observed on silkworm caterpillars when exposed to radiation during their egg stages. The eggs will be placed in egg cases. After the launch, at 4°C (39.2°F), the eggs in the egg cases will be kept cool in the MELFI at 2°C (35.6°F) for diapause. Before returning to the ground, the eggs will be incubated at 20°C (68°F) for 6 days using the CBEF, then stored in the MELFI at 2°C (35.6°F). Some eggs will be frozen at -95°C (-139°F). As the control sample, one egg case will remain at 2°C (35.6°F) without incubation. On the ground, the returned eggs will be germinated, and the effects of radiation will be analyzed with a mutation assay, a genetic assay, and biochemical assays Saibo Toshiharu Furusawa, Kyoto Institute of Technology University ISS 

nSPACE-3 Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 3 NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 3 (InSPACE-3) will study the particle dynamics of magnetorheological fluids (fluids that change properties in response to magnetic fields) that can be used to improve or develop new brake systems and robotics Microgravity Sciences Glovebox (MSG) Eric M. Furst, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Newark, DE ISS 

Izgib RSA Technical Studies Study of the relationship between the onboard systems operating modes and ISS flight conditions 
Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Dewey's Forest Japan Aerospace 

Exploration Agency - Education Payload Observation "Dewey's Forest" 

JAXA Educational 

payload 

Observation 

Dewey's Forest is intended to show how gravity controls the law of nature and influences our way of thinking. After cultivating four Plant 

Units (Seiryu, Byakko, Suzaku, and Genbu) for 2 months, crew members create a garden and talk about it while taking video. This is a catalyst to rediscover the relationship between plants and humankind, and the history of gardening and nature 

No Facility Shiro matsui, 

Kyoto City University of Arts 

ISS 

 Kon’yugatsiya 

(Conjugation) 

RSA Biotechnology Working through the process of 

genetic material transmission using bacteria conjugation method 

 Kristallizator 

(Crystallizer) 

RSA Technology & 

Material Science 

Biological macromolecules crystallization and obtaining biocrystal films under microgravity conditions 

Laktolen RSA Biotechnology Effect produced by space flight 

factors on Laktolen producing strain 

LES - II/III Lessons from Space ESA Observing the 

Earth and 

Educational 

Activities 

Lessons from Space (LES) are educational activities that will demonstrate basic principles of science, mathematics, technology, engineering and geography. These activities are videotaped and then used in classrooms across Europe 

No Facility ISS 

80 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
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Sp

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 81 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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aceSeed Life Cycle of Higher Plants under Microgravity Conditions JAXA Life Science Space Seed will investigate the role of gravity in regulating the developmental processes of higher plants, using Arabidopsis thaliana, also known as Arabidopsis or thale cress. The seeds will be planted in the plant experiment sample chambers in the Plant Experiment Unit (PEU) before launch. On orbit, the plants in the eight PEUs will be incubated in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) in the SAIBO rack and will be observed using the PEU CCD camera. After about 30 days of incubation, half of the germinated samples (stems, leaves, and roots) will be harvested, fixed, and stored in the Minus Eighty-degree Laboratory Freezer for the ISS (MELFI) at 2°C (35.6°F) and -95°C (-139°F). A quarter of the other half will be harvested after an additional 30 days of incubation, then fixed and refrigerated in the MELFI. The rest of the samples, including seeds produced in microgravity, will also be refrigerated. All stored samples will be returned to the ground to be analyzed morphologically and genetically Saibo Seiichiro Kamisaka, Toyama University ISS 
82 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Card Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment (Card) experiment studies blood pressure decreases when the human body is exposed to microgravity. In order to increase the blood pressure to the level it was on Earth, salt is added to the crewmembers' diet. To monitor this, blood pressure readings and urine samples are performed at different intervals during the mission Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Peter Norsk, M.D. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ISS 

MISSE-7 Materials International Space Station Experiment - 7 NASA Technology Development Materials International Space Station Experiment – 7 (MISSE-7) is a test bed for materials and coatings attached to the outside of the International Space Station (ISS) being evaluated for the effects of atomic oxygen, ultraviolet, direct sunlight, radiation, and extremes of heat and cold. This experiment allows the development and testing of new materials to better withstand the rigors of space environments. Results will provide a better understanding of the durability of various materials when they are exposed to the space environment with applications in the design of future spacecraft No Facility Robert Walters, Ph.D., Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 83 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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MSL-CETSOL and MICAST Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to- Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions NASA Physical Sciences in Microgravity The Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MSL- CETSOL and MICAST) are two investigations that support research into metallurgical solidification, semiconductor crystal growth (Bridgman and zone melting), and measurement of thermo-physical properties of materials. This is a cooperative investigation with the European Space Agency (ESA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for accommodation and operation aboard the International Space Station (ISS) Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) Charles-Andre Gandin, Ph.D., Ecole de Mines de Paris, ARMINES- CEMEF, Sophia Antipolis, France (CETSOL); Lorenz Ratke, Prof., German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany (MICAST) ISS 

 Matryeshka-R RSA Biomedical Study of radiation environment dynamics along the ISS RS flight path and in ISS compartments, and dose accumulation in anthropomorphous phantom, located inside and outside ISS MAUI Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections NASA Technology Development Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI) will observe the Space Shuttle engine exhaust plumes from the Maui Space Surveillance Site in Hawaii. The observations will occur when the Space Shuttle fires its engines at night or twilight. A telescope and all-sky imagers will take images and data while the Space Shuttle flies over the Maui site. The images will be analyzed to better understand the interaction between the spacecraft plume and the upper atmosphere of Earth No Facility Rainer A. Dressler, Ph.D., Hanscom Air Force Base, Lexington, MA Sor
A

3

84 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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D-Space Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The purpose of the Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight (3D-Space) experiment is to investigate the effects of exposure to microgravity on the mental representation of spatial cues by astronauts during and after space flight. The absence of the gravitational frame of reference during spaceflight could be responsible for disturbances in the mental representation of spatial cues, such as the perception of horizontal and vertical lines, the perception of objects’ depth, and the perception of targets’ distance European Physiology Module (EPM) Eric M. Furst, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Newark, DE ISS 

MDS Mice Drawer System NASA Biological Sciences in Microgravity Mice Drawer System(MDS) is an Italian Space Agency investigation that will use a validated mouse model to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying bone mass loss in microgravity. Research conducted with the MDS is an analog to the human research program, which has the objective to extend the human presence safely beyond low Earth orbit Express Rack Mice Drawer System (MDS) is an Italian Space Agency investigation that will use a validated mouse model to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying bone mass loss in microgravity. Research conducted with the MDS is an analog to the human research program, which has the objective to extend the human presence safely beyond low Earth orbit ISS 
Acr

MAMS

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 85 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) onym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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/SAMS-II Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) and Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) NASA Technology Development Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) and Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) measures the International Space Station (ISS) vibrational accelerations during specific periods of operations, as requested. MAMS and SAMS-II will further the understanding of accelerations resulting from physical disturbances on the ISS. MAMS and SAMS-II also, helps characterize accelerations that may affect the ISS experiments Express Rack William Foster, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH ISS 

MAXI Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image JAXA Astrophysics/Earth Observation MAXI is an external observatory operated on the EF. MAXI was launched and installed on Kibo's EF during the STS-127 Mission. MAXI has been and will be monitoring X-ray variability for more than 1,000 X-ray sources covering the entire sky. MAXI consists of two types of highly sensitive X-ray slit cameras, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and the Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC). The GSC uses a gas proportional counter for X-ray detection, and the SSC uses Peltier-cooled CCDs for X-ray detection. MAXI is equipped with 12 GSCs and 2 SSCs. The discoveries of X-ray novae and gamma-ray bursts with MAXI are to be distributed worldwide via the Internet, so that astronomical observatories may conduct follow- up and detailed observations with telescopes or astronomical satellites JEM-EF Masaru Matsuoka, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ISS 
86 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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MDCA-FLEX-2 Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame Extinguishment and Fundamental Studies in Droplet Combustion in Microgravity - 2 NASA Technology Development Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame Extinguishment and Fundamental Studies in Droplet Combustion in Microgravity - 2 (FLEX-2) investigates several fundamental aspects of droplet combustion in microgravity. The objective of this research is to determine the properties of flame extinction boundaries of combustibles in microgravity Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) Forman A. Williams, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA ISS 

MDCA-FLEX Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - FLame Extinguishment Experiment NASA Technology Development Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - FLame Extinguishment Experiment (MDCA-FLEX) will assess the effectiveness of fire suppressants in microgravity and quantify the effect of different possible crew exploration atmospheres on fire suppression. The goal of this research is to provide definition and direction for large scale fire suppression tests and selection of the fire suppressant for next generation crew exploration vehicles Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) Forman A. Williams, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 87 A International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Myco 1 Mycological evaluation of crew member exposure to ISS ambient air JAXA Human Spaceflight Technology Development Myco1 will investigate and evaluate the risk of inhalation and adhesion of microorganisms to astronauts who are exposed to ambient air on board the ISS during long-duration missions. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to develop medically effective countermeasures to protect ISS crew members living in a closed environment of microgravity against the living environmental risks caused by microorganisms. Normal human flora is thought to be strongly affected by the living environment. The environment on board the ISS would progressively be contaminated by microorganisms since various microorganisms are brought up to the station along with commodities and or crew members themselves. Some of them are possible allergens in our living environment. To mitigate the risk of microbial contamination on board, it is necessary to take some countermeasures against microbial contaminations No Facility Chiaki MUKAI, Japan ISS 
88 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 NN International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Repositiory National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) is a storage bank that is used to maintain biological specimens over extended periods of time and under well-controlled conditions. Biological samples from the International Space Station (ISS), including blood and urine, will be collected, processed and archived during the preflight, inflight and postflight phases of ISS missions. This investigation has been developed to archive biosamples for use as a resource for future space flight related research Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Kathleen A. McMonigal, M.D. (Curator), Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS 

LP-Cells-2 National Lab Pathfinder - Cells-2 NASA Biological Sciences in Microgravity National Lab Pathfinder-Cells-2 (NLP-Cells-2) experiment assesses the effects of space flight on the virulence and gene expression of specific virulence factors of S. pneumonia David W. Niesel, Ph.D., University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX SorLP-Cells-3 National Lab Pathfinder - Cells-3 NASA Biological Sciences in Microgravity National Lab Pathfinder-Cells-3 (NLP-Cells-3) experiment examines the effects of space flight on normal cellular replication and differentiation Sor
Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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NLP-Vaccine-6 National Lab 

Pathfinder – Vaccine – 6 

NASA Biological Sciences 

in Microgravity 

National Lab Pathfinder – Vaccine – 6 (NLP-Vaccine-6) is part of a suite of investigations serving as a pathfinder for the use of the International Space Station as a National Laboratory after ISS assembly is complete. It contains several different pathogenic (disease causing) organisms. This research is investigating the use of space flight to develop potential vaccines for the prevention of different infections caused by these pathogens on Earth and in microgravity 

GAP Timothy 

Hammond, M.B.B.S., Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 

Sor

NLP-Vaccine-7 National Lab 

Pathfinder – Vaccine – 7 

NASA Biological Sciences 

in Microgravity 

National Lab Pathfinder – Vaccine – 7 (NLP-Vaccine-7) is part of a suite of investigations serving as a pathfinder for the use of the International Space Station as a National Laboratory after ISS assembly is complete. It contains several different pathogenic (disease causing) organisms. This research is investigating the use of space flight to develop potential vaccines for the prevention of different infections caused by these pathogens on Earth and in microgravity 

GAP Timothy 

Hammond, M.B.B.S., Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 

Sor

Immuno Neuroendocrine and 

Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS 

ESA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS (Immuno) will provide an understanding for the development of pharmacological tools to counter unwanted immunological side effects during long-duration missions in space 

Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) 

Alexander Chouker, M.D., University of Munich, Munich, Germany 

ISS 

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 89 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
90 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Nutrition Nutritional Status Assessment NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) is the most comprehensive inflight study done by NASA to date of human physiologic changes during long- duration space flight; this includes measures of bone metabolism, oxidative damage, nutritional assessments, and hormonal changes. This study will impact both the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems for future space exploration missions to the Moon and Mars. This experiment will also help to understand the impact of countermeasures (exercise and pharmaceuticals) on nutritional status and nutrient requirements for astronauts Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) Scott M. Smith, Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX ISS 

OChB RSA Biotechnology Effect produced by SFFs on strain producing superoxidodismutase (SOD) Otolith Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation (Otolith) will assess otolith (small bones of the inner ear) function in crewmembers preflight and postflight No Facility Andrew H. Clarke, Ph.D., Charite Medical School, Berlin, Germany Pre

Pos
A

P

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 91 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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ADLES Passive Dosimeter for Lifescience Experiment in Space JAXA Human Spaceflight Technology Development Area PADLES surveys the space radiation environment inside Kibo using the PADLES analysis system and passive and integrating dosimeter developed by JAXA for measuring absorbed dose, LET distributions, and dose equivalents. Ultimate goals of this program are to support risk assessment and dose management for Japanese astronauts, and to update radiation assessment models for human spaceflight in the next generation. There are 17 Area PADLES dosimeters installed in Kibo's Pressurized Module (PM) and Kibo's Experiment Logistics Module-Pressurized Section (ELM-PS). They are replaced during each space station expedition. This series of experiments began from Expedition 17 No Facility Keiji Murakami,Aiko Nagamatsu, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ISS 

Pilot RSA Biomedical Researching for individual features of state psychophysiological regulation and crewmembers professional activities during long space flights Plazmida RSA Biomedical Investigation of microgravity effect on the rate of transfer and mobilization of bacteria plasmids Pneumocard RSA Biomedical Study of space flight factors impacts on vegetative regulation of blood circulation, respiration and contractile heart function during long space flights Poligen RSA Biomedical Detection of genotypic features (experimental object – Drozophila midge), determining individual characteristics of resistance to the long-duration flight factors 
92 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Nanoskeleton 1 Production of high performance nanomaterials "Nanoskeleton" in microgravity JAXA Applied Research Nanoskeleton1 will quantitatively evaluate gravitational effects on a new nanomaterial during its chemical reaction process. The nanoskeleton, a coined word that is defined as a functional nanoframework, is expected to be a highly functional material because of its high surface area. The high surface area is due to the pore structure and the functionality of framework itself. The TiO2 nanoskeleton, especially, has potential as a high-performance photocatalyst and highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cell. The TiO2 nanoskeleton is synthesized from a mixture of CTAB surfactant solution and TiOSO4-H2SO4 solution at 40C or 3 days under isothermal conditions. The nanoskeleton experiment will be performed using the CBEF in the SAIBO rack. Oil will be used to enlarge the pore size of the honeycomb structure of the TiO2 nanoskeleton so that flotation of the oil can be suppressed in microgravity. All of the experiment samples will be retrieved and evaluated on the ground. The retrieved samples will be evaluated to clarify convective flow, flotation, and sedimentation effects on the sample quality. During the experiment, temperature and downlinked images of the samples will be monitored. The results of this study may enable the synthesizing of nanoskeleton materials on a mass roduction scale, and eventually, commercial realization of nanoskeleton materials as photocatalytic particles and so on. This experiment will be performed under JAXA's ISS applied research center promotion program, which is a joint versity/Industry/Government research project Saibo Masahiko Abe, Tokyo University of Science ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 93 RAcronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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eaction Self Test Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station NASA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station (Reaction Self Test) is a portable 5-minute reaction time task that will allow the crewmembers to monitor the daily effects of fatigue on performance while on board the International Space Station No Facility David F. Dinges, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA ISS 

RAMBO-2 Ram Burn Observations - 2 NASA Technology Development Ram Burn Observations - 2 (RAMBO-2) is an experiment in which the Department of Defense uses a satellite to observe space shuttle orbital maneuvering system engine burns. Its purpose is to improve plume models, which predict the direction the plume, or rising column of exhaust, will move as the shuttle maneuvers on orbit. Understanding the direction in which the spacecraft engine plume, or exhaust flows could be significant to the safe arrival and departure of spacecraft on current and future exploration missions No Facility William L. Dimpfl, Ph.D., Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA Sor

Rasteniya RSA Biomedical Study of the space flight effect on the growth and development of higher plants Relaksatsiya RSA Geophysical Study of chemiluminescent chemical reactions and atmospheric light phenomena that occur during high-velocity interaction between the exhaust products from spacecraft propulsion systems and the Earth atmosphere at orbital altitudes and during the entry of space vehicles into the Earth upper atmosphere International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 
A

C

SO

94 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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ERISE RNA interference and protein phosphorylation in space environment using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans JAXA Life Science CERISE will examine RNA activity in microgravity, and also investigate protein phosphorylation and signal transduction, which are involved in muscle formation, using a model specimen, C. elegans. RNA interference is a useful technique for silencing specific gene expression with sequence homology, which presently applies to not only basic life science study but also several clinical examinations. From the experiment, the first verification of RNA interference activity in space and signal transduction by microgravity will be clarified Saibo Atsushi Higashitani , Tohoku University ISS 

Rusalka RSA Study of Earth natural resources and ecological monitoring Testing of the procedure to determine the carbon dioxide and methane content in the Earth atmosphere to understand a role of natural processes in human activity DI-IVIDIL Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument – Influence of Vibration on Diffusion of Liquids ESA Physical Sciences in Microgravity Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument – Influence of Vibration on Diffusion of Liquids (SODI-IVIDIL) will study the influence of controlled vibration stimulus (slow shaking) on diffusion between different liquids in absence of convection induced by the gravity field. Such investigation will help scientists to model numerically this physical phenomenon Microgravity Sciences Glovebox (MSG) Valentina Shevtsova, PhD, Microgravity Research Center, University of Brussels, Belgium ISS 
Acr

SOD

S

S

OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 95 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) onym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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I-DSC Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument–Diffusion and Soret Coefficient ESA Physical Sciences in Microgravity The Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument–Diffusion and Soret Coefficient (SODI-DSC) experiment will study diffusion in six different liquids over time in the absence of convection induced by the gravity field Microgravity Sciences Glovebox (MSG) Stefan Van Vaerenbergh, Ph.D., Microgravity Research Center, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium ISS 

NFM Serial Network Flow Monitor NASA Technology Development Using a commercial software CD and minimal up-mass, Serial Network Flow Monitor (SNFM) monitors the payload Local Area Network (LAN) to analyze and troubleshoot LAN data traffic. Validating LAN traffic models may allow for faster and more reliable computer networks to sustain systems and science on future space missions No Facility Carl Konkel, Boeing, Houston, TX ISS 

Seyener RSA Study of Earth natural resources and ecological monitoring Experimental methodses of the interaction of the crews to cosmic station with court Fishing in process of searching for and mastering commercial-productive region of the World ocean EITE Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments NASA Technology Development Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments (SEITE) will use space-based sensors to detect the ionospheric turbulence inferred from the radar observations from a previous Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) burn experiment using ground-based radar No Facility Paul A. Bernhardt, Ph.D., Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC Sor
96 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 Acr SIM Slee Slee

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SOL

International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

onym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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PLEX Shuttle Ionospheric 

Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments 

NASA Technology 

Development 

The Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX) will investigate plasma turbulence driven by rocket exhaust in the ionosphere using ground-based radars 

No Facility Paul A. 

Bernhardt, Ph.D., Naval Research Lab, Washington DC 

Sor

p-Short Sleep-Wake 

Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight - Short 

NASA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight - Short (Sleep-Short) will examine the effects of space flight on the sleep of the astronauts during space shuttle missions. Advancing state-of-the-art technology for monitoring, diagnosing and assessing treatment of sleep patterns is vital to treating insomnia on Earth and in space 

Unknown Charles A. 

Czeisler, M.D., Ph.D. and Laura K. Barger, Ph.D., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 

Sor

p-Long Sleep-Wake 

Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long 

NASA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long (Sleep-Long) will examine the effects of space flight and ambient light exposure on the sleep-wake cycles of the crewmembers during long-duration stays on the space station 

Human Research Facility-1 (HRF-1) 

Charles A. Czeisler, M.D., Ph.D., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 

ISS 

SLS (System laser relationship) 

RSA Technical Studies Otrabotka systems lazer 

relationship for issue greater array to information from target equipment ISS 

olarACES SOLar Auto- Calibrating EUV/UV 

Spectrophotometers 

ESA External Space 

Exposure and Sun 

Observation 

SOLar Auto-Calibrating EUV/UV Spectrophotometers (SOLACES) measures the extremeultraviolet/ultraviolet (EUV/UV) spectrum (17 nm to 220 nm) with moderate spectral resolution 

Solar G. Schmidtke, 

FraunhoferInstitut for Physikalische Messtechnik, Freiburg, Germany 

ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 97 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator 

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Solar- SOLar SPECtral ESA External Space SOLar SPECtral Irradiance Solar M. G. Thuillier, IS

SOLSPEC Irradiance Exposure and Sun Measurements (SOLSPEC) will Centre National Measurements Observation operate at high spectral resolution de la Recherche in the range 180 to 3000 nm, Scientifique, with an accuracy of 2% in Verrieres le ultravaiolet (UV) and 1% in visible and infrared (IR) Buisson, France Solar-SOVIM SOLar Variable and ESA External Space SOLar Variable and Irradiance Solar Claus IS

Irradiance Monitor Exposure and Sun Monitor (SOVIM) will measure Froehlich, Ph.D., Observation solar spectral irradiance via Physikalisch- filter-radiometers in the Meteorologisches near-UV (402 nanometers), Observatorium- visible (500 nanometers) and World Radiation near-IR (862 nanometers) Centre, Davos, regions, together with the total solar irradiance, using two types of radiometers covering the range from 200 nanometers to Switzerland 100 micrometers Sonokard RSA Biomedical Integrated study of physiological functions during sleep period throughout a long space flight 
98 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 Sp International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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aceDRUMS Space Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System NASA Technology Development Space Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System (SpaceDRUMS) comprises a suite of hardware that enables containerless processing (samples of experimental materials can be processed without ever touching a container wall). Using a collection of 20 acoustic beam emitters, SpaceDRUMS can completely suspend a baseball-sized solid or liquid sample during combustion or heat-based synthesis. Because the samples never contact the container walls, materials can be produced in microgravity with an unparalleled quality of shape and composition. The ultimate goal of the SpaceDRUMS hardware is to assist with the development of advanced materials of a commercial quantity and quality, using the space-based experiments to guide development of manufacturing processes on Earth Express Rack Jacques Guigne, Ph.D., Guigne Space Systems, Incorporated, Paradise, Newfoundland, Canada ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 99 Ac S International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) ronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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EDA-AP Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload JAXA Astrophysics/Earth Observation SEDA-AP is an external experiment conducted on the Exposed Facility (EF). SEDA-AP was launched and installed on Kibo's Exposed Facility (EF) during the STS-127 Mission, and it has been collecting space environment data ever since. It consists of common bus equipment, a mast that extends the neutron monitor sensor into space, and seven measurement units that measure space environment data. The measurement units are (1) Neutron Monitor (NEM), (2) Heavy Ion Telescope (HIT), (3) Plasma Monitor (PLAM), (4) Standard Dose Monitor (SDOM), (5) Atomic Oxygen Monitor (AOM), (6) Electronic Device Evaluation Equipment (EDEE), and (7) Micro-Particles Capture (MPAC) and Space Environment Exposure Device (SEED) JEM-EF Tateo Goka, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ISS 
100 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 Ac MaraElo International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) ronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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ngoni UVP Spatio-tempral Flow JAXA Material Science Marangoni UVP is one of JAXA's Ryutai Yasushi Takeda, ISS 

Structure in Marangoni experiments performed Hokkaido Marangoni using the Fluid Physics Experiment University Convection Facility (FPEF) in the RYUTAI rack. The operational method is similar to that of the preceding Marangoni experiment: Chaos, Turbulence, and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection (MEIS). During the experiment, the flow phenomenon will be investigated using a pulsed ultrasonic velocity profiler to obtain the spatiotemporal velocity field inside the fluid column, so as to investigate and clarify the flow transition scheme from laminar to turbulence through chaos. The experiment cell of this experiment will be delivered to the ISS on the HTV-1 Mission scheduled to launch to the ISS in September 2009 Spinal Spinal Elongation NASA Human Research The purpose of the Spinal Unknown Sudhakar Sor

ngation and its Effects on and Elongation and its Effects on Rajulu, Ph.D., Seated Height in a Countermeasures Seated Height in a Microgravity Johnson Space Microgravity Development Environment (Spinal Elongation) Center, Environment study is to provide quantitative data as to the amount of change that Houston, TX occurs in the seated height due to spinal elongation in microgravity Sreda-ISS (Environment) RSA Technical Studies Studying ISS characteristics as researching environment Structure RSA Biotechnology Reception high-quality crystal рекомбинантных squirrel 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 101 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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SMILES Superconductining Submillimeter-wave Limb-emission Sounder JAXA Astrophysics/Earth Observation SMILES is an external observatory to be operated on the EF. SMILES will be launched and installed during the HTV-1 Mission and aims at globally mapping stratospheric trace gases, using the most sensitive submillimeter receiver. A Superconductor/Insulator/ Superconductor (SIS) mixer in a dedicated cryostat with a mechanical cooler achieved SMILES's super-high sensitivity. SMILES will observe ozone depletion-related molecules, such as ClO, HCl, HO2, HNO3, BrO, and O3, in the frequency bands of 624.32 to 626.32 GHz and 649.12 to 650.32 GHz. A scanning antenna will cover tangent altitudes from 10 to 60 km every 53 seconds, while tracing the latitudes from 38°S to 65°N along its orbit. Due to its global coverage capability, SMILES can observe the low- and mid-latitudinal areas, as well as the Arctic peripheral region. SMILES data will enable us to investigate chlorine and bromine chemistry, and will provide a database for ozone variations in time and position around the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere JEM-EF Masato Shiotani, Kyoto University ISS 

SVS (СВС) RSA Technology &Material Science Self-propagating high-temperature fusion in space 
102 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 ASP International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) cronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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HERES Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites NASA Technology Development Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) are bowling- ball sized spherical satellites. They will be used inside the space station to test a set of well-defined instructions for spacecraft performing autonomous rendezvous and docking maneuvers. Three free-flying spheres will fly within the cabin of the Space Station, performing flight formations. Each satellite is self- contained with power, propulsion, computers and navigation equipment. The results are important for satellite servicing, vehicle assembly and formation flying spacecraft configurations No Facility David W. Miller, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA ISS 

Tropi-II The Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism – II NASA Biological Sciences in Microgravity The Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism - II (Tropi-II) investigation will study the effects of various gravity levels on the responses of plants to light. The results of this experiment can lead to information to help in food production during future long-duration space exploration missions Express Rack John Z. Kiss, Ph.D., Miami University, Oxford, OH ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 103 Bi

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International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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oRyhthms The effect of 

long-term microgravity exposure on cardiac autonomic function by analyzing 24-hours electrocardiogram 

JAXA Human Spaceflight 

Technology 

Development 

Biological Rhythms will record 24-hour continuous ECG data of ISS crew members using a commercial Holter ECG recorder. The recordings will be performed once pre-flight, three times in-flight and once post-flight. The in-flight data are downlinked to the ground after measurement. Using the data, cardiovascular and autonomic functions are analyzed. The data are also used to evaluate Biological Rhythm fluctuations and heart rest qualities of crew members while they sleep on board the ISS. The results of this experiment will be applied to improving health care technologies for the ISS crew 

No Facility Chiaki Mukai, 

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 

ISS 

hermolab Thermoregulation in 

Humans During Long-term Space Flight 

ESA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Thermoregulation in Humans During Long-term Space Flight (Thermolab) aims to investigate the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations during rest and exercise in the course of a long-term microgravity exposure. It is hypothesized that heat balance, thermoregulation and circadian temperature rhythms are altered in humans during long-term space flights. Since all physiological change factors are particularly cross-linked with each other in view of thermoregulation, an integrative study of the topic under microgravity conditions is mandatory 

Human Research Facility-2 (HRF-2) 

 ISS 

Tipologia RSA Biomedical Researching for typological 

features of the activities of the ISS crews as operators activities in long term space flight phases 
104 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 Acr T International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) onym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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AGES Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System NASA Biological Sciences in Microgravity Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System (TAGES) investigation is one in a pair of investigations that use the Advanced Biological Research System facility. TAGES uses Arabidopsis thaliana, thale cress, with sensor promoter-reporter gene constructs that render the plants as biomonitors (an organism used to determine the quality of the surrounding environment) of their environment using real-time nondestructive Green Fluorescent Protein imagery and traditional postflight analyses Advanced Biological Research Facility (ABRS)/ Express Rack (ER) Robert Ferl, Ph.D., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL ISS 

Uragan RSA Geophysical Experimental verification of the ground and space-based system for predicting natural and man- made disasters, mitigating the damage caused, and facilitating recovery Spin Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight ESA Human Research and Countermeasures Development The Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight (Spin) experiment will investigate the effect of microgravity on otolith-ocular reflexes and autonomic function to correlate the otolith-ocular reflex on orthostatic tolerance. It will also study the effect of microgravity on subjective perception of verticality No Facility Floris Wuyts, Ph.D. University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Pre

Pos
OCTOBER 2009 105 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 

II

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International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) 

Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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ntegrated 

Immune 

Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function 

NASA Human Research 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function (Integrated Immune) will assess the clinical risks resulting from the adverse effects of space flight on the human immune system and will validate a flight-compatible immune monitoring strategy. Researchers will collect and analyze blood, urine and saliva samples from crewmembers before, during and after space flight to monitor changes in the immune system. Changes in the immune system will be monitored by collecting and analyzing blood and saliva samples from crewmembers during flight and blood, urine, and saliva samples before and after space flight 

Human Research Facility-1 (HRF-1) 

Clarence Sams, Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 

ISS 

ntegrated Validation of NASA Human Research Validation of Procedures for Unknown Clarence Sams, Sor

mune-SDBI Procedures for 

Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function - Short Duration Biological Investigation 

and 

Countermeasures 

Development 

Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function - Short Duration Biological Investigation (Integrated Immune-SDBI) will assess the clinical risks resulting from the adverse effects of space flight on the human immune system and will validate a flight-compatible immune monitoring strategy. Immune system changes will be monitored by collecting and analyzing blood, urine and saliva samples from crewmembers before, during and after space flight 

Ph.D., Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 

 Vektor-T RSA Technical Studies Study of a high-precision system 

for ISS motion prediction 

Veterok RSA Technical Studies Otrabotka new technology to 

optimization of the gas ambience in inhabited compartment ISS RS 
106 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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Vsplesk (Burst) RSA Geophysical Seismic effects monitoring. Researching high-energy particles streams in near-Earth space environment Vzaimodeistvie (Interaction) RSA Biomedical Monitoring of the group crew activities under space flight conditions Yeast-B Yeast In No Gravity: The Influence of Microgravity on Cellular Adhesion, Biofilm Formation and Invasive Growth in the Model Eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae - B ESA Biological Sciences in Microgravity Yeast In No Gravity: The Influence of Microgravity on Cellular Adhesion, Biofilm Formation and Invasive Growth in the Model Eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae - B (Yeast-B) examines the affect of microgravity on specific proteins of yeast cells 

(Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This two part investigation uses two different types of cultures, liquid and solid. The objective of this investigation is to provide scientists with data on the impact of microgravity on organized cell structures 

BioLab Ronnie 

Willaert, Ph.D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 

ISS 

 Zhenshen’-2 

(Ginseng-2) 

RSA Biotechnology Study of the possibility to increase 

the ginseng biological activity 

Cambium CSA Biological Sciences 

in Microgravity 

The Cambium investigation is one in a pair of investigations which utilizes the Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS). Cambium seeks definitive evidence that gravity has a direct effect on cambial cells (cells located under the inner bark where secondary growth occurs) in willow, Salix babylonica

Advanced Biological Research Facility (ABRS)/ Express Rack (ER) 

Rodney Savidge, Ph.D., Professor of Tree Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada 

ISS 
OCTOBER 2009 SCIENCE OVERVIEW 107 International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (continued) Acronym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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FOAM-Stability ESA Observing the Earth and Educational Activities Foam-Stability examines the characteristics and stability of foam under microgravity conditions No Facility Dominique Langevin, Ph.D. Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris Sud, Orsay France ISS 

RSA Complex Analysis Effectiveness Estimation Experimental researching of ISS RS resources estimating f ecological investigation of are or as RSA Complex Analysis Effectiveness Estimation Study of plasma environment on ISS external surface by optical radiation characteristics RSA Complex Analysis Effectiveness Estimation Study of microdestruction processes in the ISS habitation modules under the long-term manned flight conditions RSA Complex Analysis Effectiveness Estimation Study of the plasma-dust crystals and fluids under microgravity RSA Complex Analysis Effectiveness Estimation Study of reflection characteristics of spacecraft plasma environment with onboard engines activated RSA Study of cosmic rays Study of fast and thermal neutrons fluxes RSA Space education Scientific-educational demonstration of physical laws and phenomena in microgravity conditions: - operation of basic physical motion laws in weightlessness including the effect of reactive and gyroscopic forces on a solid body of revolution; - diffusion processes and the effect of the liquid surface tension, gas bubbles aggregation during the phase separation of gas-liquid fine-disperser medium 
108 SCIENCE OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2009 Acr International Space Station Experiments – Expedition 21 and 22 (concluded) onym Title Agency Category Summary Facility Principal Investigator I

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RSA Space education Spacecraft and up-to-date technologies for personal communications RSA Commercial Exposure of material samples in open space conditions to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation on them 
OCTOBER 2009 NASA TELEVISION 109

Digital NASA Television 

NASA Television can be seen in the continental 

United States on AMC-6, at 72 degrees west 

longitude, Transponder 17C, 4040 MHz, vertical 

polarization, FEC 3/4, Data Rate 36.860 MHz, 

Symbol 26.665 Ms, Transmission DVB. If you 

live in Alaska or Hawaii, NASA TV can now be 

seen on AMC-7, at 137 degrees west longitude, 

Transponder 18C, at 4060 MHz, vertical 

polarization, FEC 3/4, Data Rate 36.860 MHz, 

Symbol 26.665 Ms, Transmission DVB. 

Digital NASA TV system provides higher quality 

images and better use of satellite bandwidth, 

meaning multiple channels from multiple NASA 

program sources at the same time. 

Digital NASA TV has four digital channels: 

1. NASA Public Service (“Free to Air”), 

featuring documentaries, archival 

programming, and coverage of NASA 

missions and events. 

2. NASA Education Services (“Free to 

Air/Addressable”), dedicated to providing 

educational programming to schools, 

educational institutions and museums. 

3. NASA Media Services (“Addressable”), for 

broadcast news organizations. 

4. NASA Mission Operations (Internal Only). 

Note: Digital NASA TV channels may not 

always have programming on every 

channel simultaneously. 

Internet Information 

Information is available through several sources 

on the Internet. The primary source for mission 

information is the NASA Human Space Flight 

Web, part of the World Wide Web. This site 

contains information on the crew and its 

mission and will be updated regularly with 

status reports, photos and video clips 

throughout the flight. The NASA Shuttle Web’s 

address is: 

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov

General information on NASA and its programs 

is available through the NASA Home Page and 

the NASA Public Affairs Home Page: 

http://www.nasa.gov

or 

http://www.nasa.gov/newsinfo/

index.html
110 NASA TELEVISION OCTOBER 2009

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OCTOBER 2009 PAO CONTACTS 111

Expedition 21/22 Public Affairs Officers (PAO) Contacts 

Michael Braukus International Partners 202-358-1979

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

michael.j.braukus@nasa.gov

Katherine Trinidad Shuttle, Space Station Policy 202-358-1100

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

katherine.trinidad@nasa.gov

John Yembrick Shuttle, Space Station Policy 202-358-1100

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

john.yembrick-1@nasa.gov

Michael Curie Shuttle, Space Station Policy 202-358-1100

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

michael.curie@nasa.gov

Grey Hautaluoma Research in Space 202-358-0668

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

grey.hautaluoma-1@nasa.gov

Ashley Edwards Research in Space 202-358-1756

NASA Headquarters 

Washington, D.C. 

ashley.edwards-1@nasa.gov

James Hartsfield Astronauts/Mission Operations 281-483-5111

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

james.a.hartsfield@nasa.gov

Rob Navias Mission Operations 281-483-5111

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

rob.navias-1@nasa.gov

Josh Byerly Mission Operations 281-483-5111

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

josh.byerly@nasa.gov
112 PAO CONTACTS OCTOBER 2009

Kelly Humphries International Space Station and 281-483-5111

NASA Johnson Space Center Mission Operations Directorate 

Houston 

kelly.o.humphries@nasa.gov

Nicole Cloutier-Lemasters Astronauts 281-483-5111

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

nicole.cloutier-1@nasa.gov

Steve Roy Science Operations 256-544-0034

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Huntsville, Ala. 

steven.e.roy@nasa.gov

Ed Memi International Space Station 281-226-4029

The Boeing Company 

Houston 

edmund.g.memi@boeing.com

Adam K. Morgan International Space Station 281-226-4030

The Boeing Company 

Houston 

adam.k.morgan@boeing.com

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 

JAXA Public Affairs Office 

Tokyo, Japan 

011-81-50-3362-4374, 011-81-3-6266-6400 

proffice@jaxa.jp

Naoko Matsuo 

JAXA Public Affairs Representative 

Houston 

281-792-7468 

matsuo.naoko@jaxa.jp

Canadian Space Agency (CSA) 

Media Relations Office 

Canadian Space Agency 

450-926-4370 
OCTOBER 2009 PAO CONTACTS 113

European Space Agency (ESA) 

Clare Mattok 

Communication Manager 

European Space Agency (ESA) 

Paris, France 

011-33-1-5369-7412 

clare.mattok@esa.int
114 PAO CONTACTS OCTOBER 2009

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