2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

Contents

1

Contents 

ND-20-EPSCoR-Research-0005 ................................................................................................................... 3

Development of an Advanced Planetary Mobility Spacesuit using Advanced Additive Manufacturing 

Design and Techniques ............................................................................................................................... 3

MT-20-EPSCoR-Research-0006 ................................................................................................................... 4

The Origin of Supermassive Black Holes..............................................................................................................3

PR-20-EPSCoR-Research-0007.................................................................................................................... 6

NASA EPSCoR: Center of Sustainable Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse (CSTWR2) ........... 6

SC-20-EPSCoR-Research-0008 .................................................................................................................... 8

Rapid Laser 3D Printing of Reversible Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cell Stacks for Producing Pure O2 

from CO2 and Storing Electricity into Carbon ............................................................................................. 8

AK-20-EPSCoR-Research-0011..................................................................................................................10

Development of Test Sites and Atmospheric Corrosion Studies of Metal Alloys and Coatings Exposed to 

Cold Arctic/Sub-Arctic Climate ..................................................................................................................10

VT-20-EPSCoR-Research-0012..................................................................................................................12

New Unified Framework for Scalable, Risk-Aware, and Resilient Estimation and Control of Satellite 

Swarms......................................................................................................................................................12

OK-20-EPSCoR-Research-0014 .................................................................................................................13

Robust and High-Data-Rate Hybrid RF/Optical Communications for Lunar Missions .............................13

NM-20-EPSCoR-Research-0015 ................................................................................................................15

Next Generation Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications ...........................................................15

LA-20-EPSCoR-Research-0016 ..................................................................................................................17

Satellite-Assisted Forecasting Environment for Improving Oyster Safety (SAFE Oyster) .........................17

KS-20-EPSCoR-Research-0017 ..................................................................................................................19

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization and Planning ...................................19

WV-20-EPSCoR-Research-0020 ................................................................................................................21

3D Printable Soft Actuators with embedded Smart Sensors for Extraterrestrial Applications ................21

IA-20-EPSCoR-Research-0021...................................................................................................................22

Research Capacity Building Program In Iowa: Developing New High Energy Density Extremely Safe All 

Solid State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries ..........................................................................................................22

1
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

2

DE-20-EPSCoR-Research-0024..................................................................................................................24

NASA EPSCoR Research Project: Building a Competitive and Sustainable Delaware Remote Sensing Big 

Data Center for Cutting-Edge Coastal and Environmental Change Research and Workforce 

Development .............................................................................................................................................24

NV-20-EPSCoR-Research-0026 .................................................................................................................26

Self-Adaptive Lubricants for Extreme Space Mechanism Applications ....................................................26

ID-20-EPSCoR-Research-0027...................................................................................................................28

CryoIdaho: Building Idaho’s Cryosphere Research Community through Analysis of Terrain Effects on 

Snow and Ice Meltwater Fluxes ................................................................................................................28
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

ND-20-EPSCoR-Research-0005

Development of an Advanced Planetary Mobility Spacesuit using Advanced Additive Manufacturing 

Design and Techniques 

United Tribes Technical College 

Director/PI: Dr. Caitlin Nolby 

Science PI: Dr. Pablo De Leon 

NASA MD: HEOMD 

This proposal is responding to NASA EPSCoR announcement number NNH20ZHA005C, specifically Appendix 

G2.2: Commercial Space Capabilities, Research Request Number: CSCO-2020-03, Research Title: Improvement 

of Space Suit State of Art. 

Through our development programs of the NDX-1 and NDX-2 planetary suits, the University of North Dakota 

team has accrued extensive experience at fabricating complete Extravehicular Activity (EVA) spacesuit 

prototypes. We propose to meet the above research need through the design, development, and 

manufacturing of a spacesuit prototype using additive manufacturing (AM). Manufacture of this EVA suit will 

be equally possible in 1 g on Earth, in μ-g in space, and in fractional-g on the planetary surfaces of the Moon 

and Mars. 

This expertise assures confidence that the following key concerns can be satisfied: 

1. That the soft goods and woven materials will exhibit consistent characteristics and will be strong, durable, 

and reliable for operations in hostile environments 

2. That the suits will provide substantial surface mobility to achieve mission success 

3. That the ergonomics will ensure safety and comfort, including body contact with the suit and its extremities 

4. That the suits will be usable, permitting easy don and doff 

5. That the suits will substantially reduce dust contamination 

6. That astronaut crews will have the ability to fabricate any suit part in space, and 

7. That the suits will be consistently producible through standardized digital manufacturing, materials, and 

feed stock. 

Historically, spacesuit fabrication methodologies have relied extensively on traditional methods of fabric 

garment assembly and connection through sewing. These manufacturing methods require thousands of hours 

of artisan-like abilities that include patterning, cutting, sewing, gluing, applying rubber components, etc. 

Inspection of the work becomes a significant cost because of the normal individual variations. 

One of the ongoing challenges in spacesuit engineering is mating hard parts to soft parts. Additive 

manufacturing can solve a large part of this fabrication challenge by creating parts having both hard, rigid 

sections and soft, flexible sections while using the same materials. 

We expect the utilization of AM techniques to enable manufacturing and repairing pressure garments in-situ, 

thereby allowing for a sustainable presence on the Moon and Mars. Astronauts at a permanent base on the 

Moon or Mars will be able to fabricate nearly any EVA spacesuit part they need without waiting for delivery of 

replacement components from the Earth. The University of North Dakota Human Spaceflight Laboratory will 

develop AM techniques to produce a fully operational, pressurizable spacesuit. This capability will 

revolutionize the paradigm of the next generation spacesuit manufacturing. The funding for this proposed 

research will allow us realistically to advance from the current Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3-4 to TRL 6 

over the three-year period of performance. 

3
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

MT-20-EPSCoR-Research-0006

The Origin of Supermassive Black Holes 

Montana State University, Bozeman 

Director/PI: Dr. Angela Des Jardins 

Science PI: Dr. Amy Ellen Reines 

NASA MD: SMD 

The origin of supermassive black holes with M_BH = 10^6 10^10 Msun remains a major outstanding issue in 

modern astrophysics. These monster black holes reside in the nuclei of essentially every massive galaxy 

including our Milky Way and power the most luminous objects at the edge of the observable Universe. 

However, directly observing the first seed black holes in the earlier Universe - that can eventually grow to 

upwards of a billion solar masses - is not feasible with current telescopes. Present-day dwarf galaxies, on the 

other hand, are within observational reach and offer another avenue to learn about black hole seeds since 

low-mass galaxies can host relatively pristine black holes with M_BH <10^6 Msun. 

The primary goal of the proposed work is to advance our understanding of the birth and growth of 

supermassive black holes. In particular, the major scientific goals of this project are to (1) systematically search 

for supermassive black holes in dwarf galaxies using multi-wavelength observations and a variety of 

techniques, (2) characterize the least-massive galaxies that can form a supermassive black hole, (3) measure 

the masses of the smallest black holes to constrain seed masses, (4) determine the accretion and radiative 

properties of low-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies, and (5) probe black hole feedback in dwarf galaxies to 

inform galaxy formation models at all mass scales. Ultimately, this work will improve our understanding of 

black holes in dwarf galaxies and the mechanism that seeded the first black holes in the earlier Universe. 

The proposed study is closely aligned with the goals of the NASA Astrophysics Division within the Science 

Mission Directorate (SMD), and contains cutting-edge and innovative research that NASA currently wants 

performed. The proposed work is of direct relevance to NASA's strategic mission to expand human knowledge 

through new scientific discoveries, with specific goals of understanding the nature of black holes and the origin 

and evolution of galaxies. Moreover, this project will exploit the exceptional capabilities of NASA's Great 

Observatories including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The proposed 

research will also help lay the groundwork for future studies with NASA's next generation of powerful 

telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope. 

Science-I Dr. Amy Reines, an Assistant Professor at Montana State University (Bozeman), will direct the 

proposed study. Dr. Reines is a leading expert in the field of black holes in dwarf galaxies and an experienced 

user of HST and Chandra. Moreover, our team consists of researchers with a wealth of expertise in 

astrophysics, mathematics, statistics and big data science, all of which will contribute to the overall success of 

the proposed work. 

This study will also contribute to the research infrastructure, science and technology capabilities, and 

economic development of Montana. Through our interdisciplinary team and existing ties to NASA researchers, 

we will build new connections for NASA-related scientific research in Montana. Additionally, a NASA EPSCoR 

4
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

5

award will increase the number of Montana faculty (and students) working in NASA-related areas, and develop 

competitiveness for future NASA (and other) funding. Given the big data aspects of this proposal and 

student/postdoc training, there are also potential connections with Montana's high-tech industry and its need 

for data scientists. Finally, our proposal is aligned with Montana State University’s commitment to 

groundbreaking research and the Department of Physics strategic plan to advance our astrophysics focus. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

PR-20-EPSCoR-Research-0007

NASA EPSCoR: Center of Sustainable Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse (CSTWR2) 

University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 

Director/PI: Dr. Gerardo Morell 

Science PI: Dr. Marco De Jesus 

NASA MD: HEOMD 

The future of NASAs long-term space missions requires surpassing a major technical and engineering 

challenge: Provide a highly efficient, self-sustainable and renewable life support system. Such endeavor 

demands a proper mass balance of water, food and supplies to support the space explorers during these long 

journeys. Water is heavy and reduces the vectors payload. As a result, a low maintenance, high performance, 

energy-lean, and durable water recycling and purifying system to reuse water becomes paramount. 

Accordingly, this proposal aims at developing novel nano-biotechnological approaches for functional water 

recycling and reuse with stringent monitoring and control systems to produce safe, high-quality drinking 

water. 

Nowadays NASA uses a water recycling system, requiring low-pressure vacuum distillation. The entire process 

occurs within a rotating distillation assembly that counteracts zero gravity and, therefore, aids in the 

separation of liquids and gases in space. The system removes free gas and solid materials (hair, lint, etc.) and 

sends them through a series of multi-filtration beds for further purification. Any remaining organic 

contaminants and microorganisms are removed by a high-temperature catalytic reactor assembly. Water 

quality is monitored by electrical conductivity sensors. The drawbacks from this system are centered on its 

complexity and high energy consumption. NASA has also highlighted the need to enhance the efficiency of its 

water recovery, along with the microbe monitor and control systems. 

An interdisciplinary competitive team has been assembled to work in collaboration with the NASA Marshall 

Space Flight Center to develop novel, energy-efficient technologies to recover, treat, and purify used water 

from limited sources in the spacecraft, but mainly, from body fluids (i.e. urine). Three teams are established 

to address appropriate water impurities removal, while assuring water sanitation, quality and reliability for 

safe consumption as demanded by future manned missions. The project goals are to address appropriate 

water impurities removal and remediation, while assuring water sanitation, quality and reliability through 

biological monitoring and control. 

To achieve those challenging goals, the assembled team encompasses experienced researchers. The teams 

collective strength and synergy developed over 10 years of collaborative and professional interaction makes 

this initiative ideally suited to foster innovative applications in an area critical area to NASA interests. The 

theme is also vital not only for the jurisdiction. In effect, the availability of safe water for human consumption 

is a global necessity. Therefore, the proposed project reckons with such challenging goal through a system that 

is affordable, energy-lean, portable, and scalable. CSTWR2 aims at developing novel approaches for functional 

water recovery and reuse, quality, monitoring and control. Accordingly, this project aims at: 1). Develop novel 

nano-biotechnological approaches for functional water recycling and reuse with stringent monitoring and 

6
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

7

control systems to produce safe, high-quality drinking water. 2) Formation of a highly qualified cadre of 

professionals who would become leaders in NASA-driven STEM fields. 

The completion of this project will provide practical and diversified research and education/training 

experiences to foster the research of 6 graduate and over 6 undergraduates students from underrepresented 

groups in the applied STEM field of water reuse and reclamation. Project participants will receive a mentored, 

research training experience in the latest techniques for the detection, characterization prevention and 

purification of contaminants in water systems. Engineering and use advance tools to purify, characterize, and 

track emerging contaminants from their point of detection to their point of origin. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

SC-20-EPSCoR-Research-0008

Rapid Laser 3D Printing of Reversible Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cell Stacks for Producing Pure O2 

from CO2 and Storing Electricity into Carbon 

Clemson University 

Director/PI: Dr. Cassandra Runyon 

Science PI: Dr. Jianhua Tong 

NASA MD: HEOMD 

This NASA EPSCoR research project will specifically contribute to the mission priorities of NASAs Glenn 

Research Center (GRC) in space power generation, storage, distribution, and management. Specifically, the 

purpose of this research project is the development of a highly compacted reversible solid oxide 

electrochemical cell (R-SOECC) stack manufactured by a rapid laser 3D printing technique for efficient energy 

storage and oxygen (O2) production through redox cycles of CO2-CO or CO2-C. This technology will use the 

environmentally available CO2 on Mars to facilitate storage of solar electricity and the creation of pure oxygen, 

directly benefitting NASAs Moon to Mars campaign. 

The success of this project will provide new energy storage concepts and materials, and new advanced 

manufacturing techniques that will contribute to NASAs mission to drive advances in science, technology and 

space exploration. The implementation and effort to attain the objectives of this project will contribute to a 

highly skilled, competent, and diverse workforce in the following areas: 1) Contribution to and promotion of 

the development of research capabilities in South Carolina (SC) in areas of vital importance to the NASA 

mission. 2) Improvement in the ability of SC to gain support from sources outside the NASA EPSCoR program. 

3) Development of partnerships between and within NASA GRC, Clemson University, the University of South 

Carolina, and Benedict College (an HBCU). 4) Contributions to the overall research infrastructure, science and 

technology capabilities of higher education, and economic development of SC. 

To fulfill the above objectives, this proposal identifies four tasks. Task 1: Develop Novel Coking Resistive 

Electrodes for CO2-CO Electrochemical Redox Cycles. Development of new coking resistive electrodes with 

metal alloy nanoparticles supported double perovskite matrix materials will provide for the steady operation 

of R-SOECCs. Task 2: Develop Novel Electrodes for CO2-C Electrochemical Redox Cycles. Study of the CO2-C 

electrochemical redox cycle reaction kinetics and stability will contribute to the development of promising fuel 

electrode materials. Task 3: Study Laser 3D Printing of R-SOECC Components. This research will develop CAD 

design and 3D printing processes for R-SOECC components and resolve issues of cracking that occur with the 

rapid laser processing of ceramics. Task 4: Manufacture, Evaluate, and Characterize R-SOECC Cells and Stacks. 

This project will fabricate R-SOECC single cells and stacks using the L3DP technique and will test the 

performance of the single cells and stacks through postmortem analysis of the devices. 

This research on energy materials and devices and the related advanced manufacturing technology will 

contribute to the establishment of a collaborative relationship between NASA GRC and SC to accommodate 

the multiple missions of NASA and the mission of South Carolinas Vision 2025. First, this research will directly 

address the power storage and oxygen production challenges critical to advancing NASA's On to Mars Mission. 

This research proposal closely aligns with the mission of NASAs Space Technology Mission Directorate to 

8
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

9

develop advanced power generation and storage systems for deep space missions and to develop small power 

components and instruments for small spacecraft. Next, the research will contribute directly to the 

development of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis, CO2 reduction/utilization, and advanced manufacturing 

based on 3D printing and laser processing. Finally, the successful implementation of this project will 

significantly improve the science and technology infrastructure for research and education in related fields in 

SC. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

AK-20-EPSCoR-Research-0011

Development of Test Sites and Atmospheric Corrosion Studies of Metal Alloys and Coatings Exposed to 

Cold Arctic/Sub-Arctic Climate 

University of Alaska, Fairbanks 

Director/PI: Dr. Denise Thorsen 

Science PI: Dr. Raghu Srinivasan 

NASA MD: STMD 

It is commonly assumed that there is very little to no corrosion in cold environments. However, previous 

studies in the Antarctic and Arctic regions have shown significant corrosion damage when exposed to cold 

conditions. Moreover, very little corrosion data are available for metal alloys exposed to cold arctic and subarctic conditions. Atmospheric corrosion occurs when a metal surface is under a thin layer of moisture, but not 

completely immersed, and the metal surface corrodes while exposed to environmental factors. Three 

important factors that affect atmospheric corrosion rates are aerosol chlorides, SO2 and time of wetness 

(TOW) along with other climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. 

Aerosol chlorides can be carried to the metal surface both by natural means (wave/surf action or salt-laden 

snow from the marine environment) and by man-made pollutants (deicing salts on roads). Similarly, SO2 can 

also be deposited via natural means (volcanic) and man-made pollutants (combustion of fossil fuels). With the 

recent climate change in the arctic and sub-arctic region, there is a renewed interest to study the atmospheric 

corrosion mechanisms. The combination of urbanization and proximity to marine/volcanic environments make 

artic and sub-arctic regions in North America, particularly Alaska, an important natural laboratory to study 

atmospheric corrosion in cold regions. 

Goal and Objectives: The main goal of this proposal is to understand the underlying atmospheric corrosion 

mechanisms of metal alloys and coatings exposed to cold arctic climate. The main objectives of this proposed 

research are: 

1. To establish atmospheric corrosion test sites across the state of Alaska equipped with weather 

stations. 

2. To study the effect of sample orientation and snow/ice retention on the corrosion rates and study the 

ingress of air-borne chlorides and oxygen transportation through varying thickness of snow/ice. 

3. To evaluate the performance of an already developed anti-corrosion polymer nanocomposite coatings 

(PNCCs) in natural environments for aerospace applications. 

Alignment with NASA: Corrosion continues to be a major problem of NASA since its inception in 1962 and it is 

included in NASAs Space Technology Roadmap to reduce the cost and improve the sustainability and efficiency 

of its ground operations in support of future launch activities. According to the NASA Space Technology 

Roadmap, corrosion prevention, detection and mitigation fall under TA 13 Ground and Launch Systems (TA 

13.2.1). One of the grand challenges is to predict the corrosion life of materials systems in actual service 

conditions. Testing in actual atmospheric condition will also help in devising modified accelerated corrosion 

testing for better correlation. It is of great importance to study the limits of chemical and electrochemical 

stability of metal alloys and coatings under extreme conditions, which includes cold artic climate. The 

proposed project monitors the degradation of metal alloys that are widely used in land, sea and aerospace 

10
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Selected Proposal Abstracts

11

transportation and the data obtained will enhance the understanding of atmospheric corrosion mechanisms in 

cold arctic climate. 

NASA Mission Directorate Collaboration: This project directly aligns with NASA Kennedy Space Centers 

Mechanical and Environmental Test Laboratory and complements their facility in Florida. Collaborations with 

the NASA lab (Dr. Eliza Montgomery) will allow specific corrosion problems to be identified and tested in cold 

arctic climate conditions. Metal samples will be to deployed at the Beachside Atmospheric test site at KSC to 

get reference data for the metals exposed to hot tropical marine environment. 

Area of Expertise: The proposed research requires expertise in the field of corrosion and coatings. Science PI 

Dr. Raghu Srinivasan has extensive experience investigating corrosion rates and mechanisms associated with 

atmospheric corrosion. 
12

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

VT-20-EPSCoR-Research-0012

New Unified Framework for Scalable, Risk-Aware, and Resilient Estimation and Control of Satellite 

Swarms 

University of Vermont, Burlington 

Director/PI: Dr. Bernard Cole 

Science PI: Dr. Hamid Ossareh 

NASA MD: SMD, STMD 

Satellite swarm missions have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential utility in 

applications such as distributed antennas, synthetic aperture, distributed atmospheric sampling, and in-space 

assembly of large structures. However, current swarm missions are limited in scope and complexity due to a 

lack of on-board perception and autonomy, which can be attributed to gaps in the following key areas: (i) 

uncertainty quantification and robustification; (ii) formation and trajectory planning; (iii) real-time, collisionfree navigation and control; and (iv) robust, cooperative estimation and sensor fusion. 

The proposed project seeks to fill these gaps by researching and developing a validated and fully-integrated 

computational and operational framework for formation planning, estimation, and control of a satellite 

swarm, with application to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) swarm in close formation. Particular emphasis is 

on scalability (~100s of satellites), real-time feasibility (~100 MHz CPU, ~1 MB Memory), and quantification and 

robustness to uncertainties. The framework consists of theories, software tools, and scalable algorithms in the 

four areas mentioned above, as well as algorithms for fault detection and fault tolerant control of the patented 

propulsion technology (known as B125) developed by our Vermont-based industry partner, Benchmark Space 

Systems. 

The framework will be validated using software and HiL testing on a large swarm of SAR CubeSats, which must 

robustly and precisely maintain a desired formation and attitude to image Earth, avoid space debris and 

collisions, be robust to uncertainties and faults, and optimize the use of fuel. This project will be conducted by 

the science-I and Co-Is at the University of Vermont (UVM) with collaboration with researchers at Benchmark, 

as well as NASA scientists and engineers at JPL. Successful completion of this project will offer the burgeoning 

satellite industry strong evidence that large-scale swarms can be controlled and managed autonomously in an 

efficient and reliable manner to solve complex problems, and will position UVM and Vermont as leaders in 

space and CubeSat R&D. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

OK-20-EPSCoR-Research-0014

Robust and High-Data-Rate Hybrid RF/Optical Communications for Lunar Missions 

Oklahoma State University 

Director/PI: Dr. Andrew Arena 

Science PI: Dr. Sabit Ekin 

NASA MD: HEOMD, STMD, SMD 

A space communication network suitable for planned lunar missions requires a new architectural paradigm 

that is dynamic, scalable, and capable of supporting diverse mission types at unprecedented communication 

speed with high reliability, continuous coverage, and minimum latency. Considering the low data rate of radio 

frequency (RF) systems and the outage vulnerability of optical channels, we propose a hybrid approach, 

incorporating both RF and optical communication elements within a smart networking framework. Our 

theoretical and experimental effort will integrate RF and optical communication systems for small satellites 

(SmallSats) and will design an encompassing network architecture that leverages this combination among 

Earth stations, a LEO SmallSat constellation, the Lunar Gateway, and Moon explorers. 

The project will pursue three key research thrusts: (i) Hybrid RF/optical communication system design and 

integration, (ii) Network design for lunar communication architecture with hybrid RF/optical links, (iii) Systemlevel testing and evaluations. We will investigate the proposed architecture from several perspectives 

including operational frequency bands, data rates, integration, signal acquisition, quality of service, power 

requirements, appropriate protocols such as delay/disruption tolerant networking (DTN), access strategies, 

outage recovery, and communication-aware SmallSat constellation topologies. RF/optical communication 

modalities and low-cost SmallSats are both growing interests of NASA and bring critical forward progress to 

important NASA missions, partnering international space agencies, and private industry, such as Iridium, 

OneWeb, and Starlink (SpaceX). 

The proposed ideas align strongly with NASA priorities. Recent NASA missions, programs (Artemis), and 

reports, including The Future Lunar Communications Architecture study by the Interagency Operations 

Advisory Group (IOAG) on 9/25/19, all identify space communications as a key element of several NASA 

Strategic Objectives and NASA Technology Taxonomies, particularly the lunar and Mars missions. The project 

addresses the objectives of Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD), Space 

Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), and Science Mission Directorate (SMD), and complements ongoing 

research for lunar missions. The work closely aligns with NASA EPSCoR objectives. The project team 

collaborates with NASA members from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): Dr. Serhat Altunc, Networks 

Integration Manager, Telecommunication Networks & Technology Branch, Engineering and Technology 

Directorate, Dr. Obadiah Kegege, Engineering Project Manager, Near Earth Network Project, Flight Projects 

Directorate, and Mr. Peter M. Hughes, Center Chief Technologist, office of the Center Director. The team has 

prior partnerships with NASA GSFC through EPSCoR Research Initiation and Travel grants. 

The coherent and complementary team provides the expertise needed to complete the project: Science-I Ekin 

(OSU), industry experience in wireless communication system design, expertise in RF and cognitive radio; Co-I 

OHara (OSU), expertise in high-frequency RF, optical electromagnetics and atmospheric propagation; Co-I 

13
14

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

LoPresti (TU), expertise in optical communication and ad-hoc RF/optical networks; Co-I Imran (OU), expertise 

in network design, smart networks, and machine learning; Co-Is Song and Choi (OSU), expertise in RF 

transceiver front-end design; and Co-I Jacob (OSU), expertise in control and mechanical design of unmanned 

and satellite systems. The team members are from Oklahoma’s three largest research universities and have 

an established relationship and track record of collaboration through NASA EPSCoR, NSF, FAA, and USSOCOM 

projects. The team is committed to initiating Oklahoma’s first CubeSat program, providing an unparalleled 

opportunity for STEM education, and developing cutting-edge research and technology related to the states 

aerospace sector. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

NM-20-EPSCoR-Research-0015

Next Generation Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications 

New Mexico State University 

Director/PI: Dr. Paulo Oemig 

Science PI: Dr. Igor Sevostianov 

NASA MD: STMD 

This collaborative research effort focuses on the development of a methodology for quality control and 

optimization of processing parameters for Additive Manufacturing (AM) technological processes. The main 

application of the expected outcomes is developing a design-in-manufacturing methodology to produce 

structural parts in the conditions when processing parameters have to be adjusted during printing. This 

application is of particular interest to NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) for developing 

materials repurposing technology crucial for 3D-printing in space [2]. 

The project is strongly supported by NASAs Johnson Space Center, The Ames Research Center and White Sands 

Test Facility. The research is aligned with the following Technology areas indicated in the NASA 2020 

Technology Taxonomy: 12.1.1 (Lightweight Structural Materials), 12.2.2 (Design and Certification Methods), 

12.4.1 (Manufacturing Processes), 12.4.2 (Intelligent Integrated manufacturing), and 12.4.5 (Nondestructive 

Evaluation and Sensors). 

The ultimate goal of our project is to propose a novel methodology that integrates measurement techniques 

(e.g. in-situ sensing modalities) and material characterization (e.g. ex-situ material evaluation) with the 

optimization of AM processing parameters. Our research will focus on printing specimens from titanium and 

aluminum alloys and functionally graded materials using the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) method. Initial 

input parameters will be used for manufacturing the first set of specimens; the manufacturing process will be 

monitored using in-situ sensors (infrared, optical, and acoustic sensors). The printed specimens will be tested 

using ex-situ testing (X-ray computed tomography, electrical impedance, and ultrasound testing) and 

microscopy before being subjected to destructive mechanical tests. Information about a specimens 

microstructure and material properties will be used to develop and verify/validate the micromechanical model 

and Auditory Convolutional Neural Network. These two models will be used for optimization of the processing 

parameters. The flowchart of the proposed research is presented in Fig. 1. The proposed research will be done 

by an interdisciplinary team representing three universities from the state of New Mexico: New Mexico State 

University (NMSU), University of New Mexico (UNM) and New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 

(NMT). The team includes specialists in nondestructive testing and in-situ sensing, materials characterization, 

control and optimization, and micromechanical modeling. 

The proposed research has four technical and three non-technical objectives: 

Technical objectives 

1. Develop and use in-situ sensing modalities for real-time process monitoring. 

2. Determine the statistical correlations between microstructural defects, such as pores and microcracks, 

and processing parameters. 

15
16

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

3. Develop a micromechanical model linking processing parameters with the overall properties of 3Dprinted specimens. 

4. Develop a real-time control system to modify and optimize the process parameters to minimize the 

concentration of microstructural defects. 

Non-technical objectives 

1. Contribute to New Mexico aerospace engineering education and research programs; use these 

aerospace programs to engage New Mexico K-12 students in STEM disciplines. 

2. Develop a statewide Research Center in Advanced Manufacturing and related areas such as 

verification and validation (V&V), modeling and simulation, damage prognosis and prevention. The Advanced 

Manufacturing research area and the aforementioned Research Center will be a primary focus for Workforce 

Development Programs. 

3. Develop collaborations with aerospace industry and relevant NASA Centers, enhancing prospects for 

future nationally competitive research (see supporting letters). 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

LA-20-EPSCoR-Research-0016

Satellite-Assisted Forecasting Environment for Improving Oyster Safety (SAFE Oyster) 

Louisiana State University 

Director/PI: Dr. T. Gregory Guzik 

Science PI: Dr. Zhiqiang Deng 

NASA MD: SMD 

The purpose of this project is to develop and demonstrate innovative technologies to automatically transfer, 

sustainably use, and interactively visualize NASA satellite remote sensing products for intelligently forecasting 

oyster safety risks, protecting public health, and promoting economic (particularly oyster industry) 

development in Louisiana and beyond. 

Remote sensing is the only technology that can be used today to monitor large remote areas like oyster 

harvesting waters. A key barrier to the adoption and sustained use of remote sensing products in oyster safety 

monitoring and decision-making is the lack of experienced users and/or integrated systems that could work 

automatically. To overcome this barrier, the overall goal of this project is to investigate and develop products, 

which will advance the utility of NASA satellite remote sensing assets in improving oyster safety and protecting 

public health to achieve a paradigm shift in oyster safety management from the current post-outbreak 

response to a satellite-assisted forecasting model. This effort is directly related to the NASA Science Mission 

Directorate Earth System Division to understand the response of the Earth system to disasters as well as to 

further the use of Earth system science research to inform decisions and provide benefits to society. Further, 

this project will make a significant contribution to the economic development of Louisiana by reducing costly 

oyster ground closures and oyster recalls and thereby increasing oyster production. 

To achieve the project goal, the following research objectives will be addressed: (1) Convert NASA satellite 

remote sensing images to parameters indicating the environmental health of oyster harvesting waters; (2) 

Create models incorporating the remote sensing parameters to forecast the oyster safety risk level; and (3) 

Develop tools for automating the conversion, transfer, and sustained use of NASA satellite remote sensing 

data for assessing oyster safety and public health risk. These objectives motivate the development of a 

Satellite-Assisted Forecasting Environment, called SAFE Oyster (an automated decision support system), for 

monitoring environmental indicators of potential oyster safety threats, informing decisions on oyster safety 

and public health, and enabling the automated transfer and sustained use of NASAs archive of Earth 

observations. 

Development and validation of individual components of the SAFE Oyster system constitutes the specific tasks 

of this project: Task 1: Satellite-Assisted Monitoring of Environmental Predictors for Oyster Safety; Task 2: 

Forecasting of Oyster Norovirus Outbreak Risk; Task 3: Forecasting of Vibrio Prevalence Risk; Task 4: Field 

Sampling and Laboratory Analysis for Validation of Model Forecasts; Task 5: Quantitative Risk Assessment of 

Norovirus and Vibrio Threshold Infectivity Limits; Task 6: Development of Web-Enabled GIS Interface for SAFE 

Oyster System; Task 7: Development of Cyberinfrastructure and Mobile App for SAFE Oyster System. 

17
18

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

This project will be undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of researchers from Louisiana State University, 

Louisiana Tech University, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, and Southern University. The 

project will focus on Louisiana oyster harvesting areas along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast and synergistically 

combine AI-based modeling tools, geospatial mapping technologies, epidemiological investigations, field 

sampling and laboratory analyses, and NASA satellite remote sensing products within a cyberinfrastructure 

framework. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

KS-20-EPSCoR-Research-0017

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization and Planning 

Wichita State University 

Director/PI: Dr. Leonard Miller 

Science PI: Dr. Atri Dutta 

NASA MD: STMD 

Alignment with NASA: The proposed research efforts align with the objectives of NASA Space Technology 

Mission Directorate (STMD). Specifically, the proposal aims to develop collaborations with the Mission 

Architecture and Analysis Branch of NASA Glenn Research Center, and with the Outer Planet Mission Analysis 

group of Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 

Proposal Area: Astrodynamics, low-thrust trajectory optimization, machine learning, intelligent control 

Motivation: Spacecraft trajectory optimization is a critical aspect of space mission analysis. In recent years, 

there has been an increased interest within NASA in applying machine-learning algorithms to improve the 

performance of trajectory optimization solvers. Optimization of trajectories for spacecraft employing solarelectric propulsion is a challenging problem because it requires the solution of a nonlinear, non-convex 

mathematical programming problem. This problem is even more complicated when the spacecraft is located 

close to a planetary body. First, the low-thrust propulsion system provides a small acceleration relative to the 

local gravitational acceleration, making the transfer long and complex. Second, the presence of the planets 

shadow prohibits thrust generation by electric thrusters, thereby making the transfer multi-phase. Third, 

gravitationally trapped radiation degrades the spacecraft solar array that powers the electric thrusters. 

Proposal: The proposed research considers the development of a new, machine-learning assisted optimization 

tool for on-ground mission design. The automated, fast and robust nature of the proposed methodology 

makes the tool suitable for onboard implementation as well. The architecture of the proposed software allows 

for sequential progression of fidelity by incorporating increasingly rigorous force models at different levels of 

trajectory optimization; this facilitates the improvement of lower-fidelity solutions, while simultaneously 

managing the computational complexity of the underlying problem in an automated manner. Proposed 

modular architecture allows for application of the proposed software in two different settings, such as 

preliminary mission analysis by ground personnel and onboard mission planning. The overall trajectory design 

is modelled as a two-level process, with the low-level trajectory optimization phase, and a high-level planning 

that allows for the application of machine learning techniques to trajectory optimization. 

The proposal considers the following innovations: using dynamical coordinates in trajectory optimization, a 

modified state observer to estimate unmodeled acceleration, and the use of an artificial neural network for 

adaptive tuning of planning variables. Additionally, in the context of onboard implementation, we consider 

data driven updates of the neural networks based on information obtained for sensors. The proposed project 

will also consider the addition of atmospheric drag models for analysis of aero-capture and atmospheric entry. 

Team: The team has the following expertise required for the research. Sc-I Atri Dutta has expertise in 

astrodynamics and spacecraft trajectory optimization, Co-I/Institutional PI Arslan Munir (Computer Science, 

19
20

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

Kansas State University) has expertise in artificial intelligence and dynamic data driven applications, Co-I James 

Steck (Aerospace Engineering, WSU) has expertise in intelligent control systems, and Co-I/Institutional PI Craig 

McLaughlin (Aerospace Engineering, University of Kansas) has expertise in orbit determination and 

atmospheric drag models. The proposed research efforts will be complemented by educational efforts that 

focus on student training, engaging K-12 students in astronautics, and dissemination through public outreach 

events. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

WV-20-EPSCoR-Research-0020

3D Printable Soft Actuators with embedded Smart Sensors for Extraterrestrial Applications 

West Virginia University 

Director/PI: Dr. Majid Jaridi 

Science PI: Dr. Konstantinos Sierros 

NASA MD: STMD, SMD 

In this work we are proposing to set a novel paradigm for the design and manufacturing of smart soft robotic 

actuators for space applications. Space is an unknown and challenging environment that represents hard 

constrained design and manufacturing challenges. Current efforts to address them are based on preset 

mechanical compliance and biomimetic designs which are not highly effective for addressing open-ended 

design and manufacturing questions in space. 

Instead, we propose to remove such hard design constraints and manufacturing challenges by focusing on 

smart building blocks. We introduce PneuHinge (pneumatically activated hinge); a space-compatible silicone 

building block that exhibits pre-programmed stiffness and embedded tactile and temperature sensing 

capabilities. We are using tessellations (e.g. Origami) as versatile design platforms to achieve various soft 

actuator designs/geometries that are able to perform various actions when pneumatically actuated. The 

PneuHinge blocks are seamlessly assembled, to match the respective tessellation, using a novel additive 

manufacturing method based on microreactor enabled direct ink writing (multimaterial and single nozzle) that 

we will develop in this work. The advantages of our manufacturing approach, compared to traditional soft 

robot manufacturing (i.e. casting), include design freedom, no tooling, and more importantly the ability to tune 

the stiffness of the silicone matrix using particulate phases produced on the fly as well as embedding sensing 

capabilities in one step. 

We have four main aims for this project: 

(i) Formulation and characterization of space-compatible silicones for 3D printing. 

(ii) Printing and characterization of embedded sensors. 

(iii) Development of microreactor-enabled single nozzle multimaterial printer. 

(iv) Demonstration of a PneuHinge-enabled soft smart robotic tool. 

At the end of the project we expect to demonstrate a PneuHinge enabled soft smart tool that will be based on 

the Yoshimura origami pattern and will be able to perform gripping, grasping, and grappling actions while 

exhibiting tactile and temperature sensing capabilities. In addition, we will be demonstrating a prototype 

microreactor-enabled direct ink writing system (3D printer) that is multimaterial, single nozzle, and produces 

nano/micromaterials on demand. 

Finally, we are a very competitive research and development team from West Virginia University, Oregon State 

University, NASA Langley Research Center, and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. This team of experts will 

work closely and in a highly collaborative fashion and will interact at every stage of the project to ensure 

successful completion. 

21
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

IA-20-EPSCoR-Research-0021

Research Capacity Building Program In Iowa: Developing New High Energy Density Extremely Safe All 

Solid State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 

Iowa State University, Ames 

Director/PI: Mr. Tomas Gonzalez-Torres 

Science PI: Dr. Steve W. Martin 

NASA MD: STMD 

Key Central Objectives: The Sc-I, Dr. Steve W. Martin, proposes to use NASA EPSCoR funding to develop a 

sustainable research program in the State of Iowa that will conduct new research on developing new All Solid 

State Lithium-Sulfur Battery (ASSLSB) materials, chemistries, and architectures that will help NASA meet critical 

battery requirements in manned and unmanned space exploration missions. This sustainable research 

program will build upon the research strengths at ISU in developing new materials for Lithium Batteries (LBs). 

To build research capacity at ISU, we propose a program to address the problem most urgent to NASA in 

meeting the high-power densities required for mission goals. This will be achieved by enabling high-energydensity sulfur cathode materials in combination with lithium metal (LM) anodes, separated by a high Li+ ion 

conductivity and electrochemically and thermally stable glassy solid electrolyte (GSE). This proposal aligns with 

the Space Technology Mission Directorate, focused in Battery and Materials science. 

Concise Statement of Methods: Specifically, we will develop entirely new mixed oxy-sulfide-nitride (MOSN) 

GSEs that Sc-I Martin has shown optimally combine the low cost and chemical, thermal, and mechanical 

stability of oxide GSEs; the high Li+ ion conductivity of sulfide GSEs; and the high electrochemical stability of 

nitride GSEs. We propose to use these MOSN GSEs to create new high-energy-density LM anode and sulfur 

cathode ASSLSBs that will exceed NASAs requirements by achieving expected energy and power densities (cell 

level) of 900 Wh/kg, 800 Wh/l, and 5 kW/m3, respectively. The proposed research has four objectives: (1) to 

form the first ever thin-film (microns) mixed glass former (MGF) MOSN GSEs; (2) to create a new Li2S-based 

nanocomposite cathode (LSNCC); (3) to form a new Ni/Cu nanowire current collectors (NCNWCC) for a LM 

anode; and (4) to assemble and test cells made from the GSE, LSNCC, and the NCNWCC/LM anode. 

In objective 1, we will optimize the MGF MOSN GSEs for improved battery performance, stability in contact 

with LM and high, > 0.1 mS/cm at 25 C, Li+ ion conductivity and strong resistance to crystallization. These 

optimized MGF MOSN GSEs will then be melted and cast into 30 cm long x 5 cm wide x 0.5 microns thick 

preforms from which thin, 20-50 microns, and long, 5m, ribbons will be drawn. 

In objective 2, we will use electrochemical deposition techniques to develop NCNWCCs that are optimized to 

plate and strip planar LM without forming dendrites and at an aereal capacity of >10 mAh/cm^2. 

In objective 3, we will use nano-precipitation techniques to prepare LCNCCs that in conjunction with our MGF 

MOSN GSEs are optimized to completely solve the polysulfide shuttle problem and enable Li2S to be used as 

both a source of Li so that the cells can be safely assembled at low cost and as a high capacity sulfur cathode 

material. In objective 4, we will assemble symmetric, asymmetric, and full cells of ASSLSBs to evaluate and 

then optimize the performance of the ASSLSBs to meet and exceed the aggressive NASA requirements for 

energy density, power density, cycle life and safety. 

22
23

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

Statement of Perceived Significance: The success of planned and future NASA missions critically depends upon 

the use of portable energy sources, such as batteries. As the goals of these missions increase in complexity and 

duration, so do the demands for greater battery energy and power densities. This project will develop new 

ASSLSBs that will meet and exceed NASA mission requirements. The proposed ASSLSBs will create a new 

paradigm of performance and safety that will not only be mission enabling for specific planned Venus and 

Mars missions for extravehicular activities and rovers, they will also foster new battery systems that will 

significantly enhance the performance of LBs for nearly all terrestrial portable energy needs and applications. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

DE-20-EPSCoR-Research-0024

NASA EPSCoR Research Project: Building a Competitive and Sustainable Delaware Remote Sensing Big 

Data Center for Cutting-Edge Coastal and Environmental Change Research and Workforce 

Development 

University of Delaware 

Director/PI: Dr. William Matthaeus 

Science PI: Dr. Cathy Wu 

NASA MD: STMD 

Environmental change and coastal sea level rise pose new challenges. Large-scale variability (global 

environmental change) and mesoscale processes (such as regional sea level rise and eddies close to the 

continental shelf) influence coastal ecosystems and adversely affect water supply and quality, with 

consequences for coastal communities and population across Delaware. To address these issues requires 

state-of-the-art information of how the coastal ocean responds to large- and mesoscale variability. Remote 

sensing is one of the most powerful tools for improving understanding of the coastal ocean and land-aquatic 

interface. Meanwhile, advanced computational methods and data infrastructure are essential to identify 

patterns, detect trends, and derive actionable knowledge from the complex and massive remote sensing data. 

Delaware is the most instrumented State in the U.S. for collecting weather, climate and ocean remote sensing 

data. Delaware’s size and connectivity make it an ideal laboratory as a national model for remote sensing big 

data center for cutting-edge coastal and environmental change research. We have conducted multiple 

exploratory studies that demonstrate the importance of remote sensing data for understanding environmental 

variations. The University of Delaware (UD) is developing the next-generation computational and data science 

cyberinfrastructure through the Data Science Institute, including a new NSF MRI grant to implement an 

advanced high-performance computing and data system for transformative research and training. This project 

will leverage UDs expertise and infrastructure to develop the Delaware Remote Sensing Big Data Center and 

support research initiatives that will address critical environmental issues, bringing broad social, educational 

and economic benefits to Delaware and the Nation. 

General Goals: (1) align with NASA EPSCoR goals to build competitive and sustainable remote sensing big data 

infrastructure for climate and environmental research, (2) enhance the competitive research and technology 

for aerospace related Ocean/Earth sciences, (3) address State needs, (4) foster interdisciplinary research, 

inspiring and training postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students for the future workforce, and (5) 

promote research excellence with partnerships between university and NASA scientists, government agencies, 

the private sector, and small businesses. 

Specific Objectives: (1) develop real-time remote sensing big data center for environmental change research 

and for aquatic-terrestrial environments across the coast of Delaware, (2) carry out advanced research in: (a) 

coastal ocean and sea level response to environmental change, (b) remote sensing of hydrological, coastal 

resources, wetlands and land resources including coastal carbon (terrestrial-aquatic) and soil moisture, and (3) 

further develop machine learning/deep learning analyses, data fusion, semantic computing, image modeling 

and visual analytics through remote sensing research results and knowledge visualization. 

24
25

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

Merits and Impacts: The project will promote multidisciplinary research collaborations and data-driven 

discoveries on environmental changes, allowing scientists to measure effects of environmental change and the 

pulse of ecosystems in Delaware, diagnose problems, and prescribe the courses of action. To positively impact 

policy making, we will convert the large amounts of technical data into useful visual information for the public 

and decision-makers. In addition to infrastructure and research, this project will contribute to STEM workforce 

development by training new scientists: supporting and inspiring postdoctoral scientists and graduate and 

undergraduate students, and sparking their interest in NASA related research. We expect that this project will 

enhance the security and environmental quality of Delaware, making the State more attractive to residents, 

businesses and tourists, and ultimately improving the State economy. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

NV-20-EPSCoR-Research-0026

Self-Adaptive Lubricants for Extreme Space Mechanism Applications 

Desert Research Institute 

Director/PI: Dr. Lynn Fenstermaker 

Science PI: Dr. Pradeep Menezes 

NASA MD: STMD, SMD 

The research goal is to develop self-adaptive lubricant coatings for moving mechanical assemblies (MMAs), 

such as bearings, bushings, and gears, operating in extreme conditions. The successful operation of MMAs 

critically depends on adequate lubrication. Improper lubrication can lead to MMAs and overall mission failure. 

From Moon to Mars, surface conditions have wide temperature and atmospheric ranges. For example, the 

Moon has a very thin and tenuous atmosphere, where temperature varies from -232°C to 122°C. On Mars, the 

temperature can vary from -140°C to 30°C with high pressure up to 610 Pa, a carbon dioxide environment and 

a minor amount of water. Both Lunar and Martian atmospheres are harsh and dusty. Extended bearing life and 

lubrication systems in mechanical systems technology are desirable for long-duration Moon and Mars 

missions. 

The proposed research will support NASA missions by developing a self-adaptive solid lubricant coating that 

can provide adequate lubrication in both cryogenic and extreme environments. We hypothesize that taking 

advantage of preferential phase transformations that self-adaptive capability with improved performance for 

lubrication in the ceramic matrix can be achieved. It is expected that by controlling phase transformations by 

engineering the crystal chemistry and composition, we can engineer the lubrication performance of ceramic 

coatings over a wide temperature range. To address the various technical challenges associated with the 

development of the self-adaptive lubricating system, we have two research thrusts: A) Technology and 

Experimental Validation; and B) Modeling and Analytics. We also organized Bridge to Graduate School (Thrust 

C) to develop the workforce and increase student intake and retention in engineering for mission success. 

Through these thrusts, we will develop an experimentally validated approach as a viable lubrication technology 

to enable long-life MMAs, and will train students to become sophisticated, educated workers in aerospace, 

defense, and materials and manufacturing. This proposal will address the key factors for developing selfadaptive lubrication technology to support NASAs short-, mid-, and long-term missions to the Moon and Mars, 

thus aligning with NASA and Nevada’s strategic plans. To do this, we will pursue the following objectives. (1) 

Via experiments, develop a self-lubricating composite coating, characterize its microstructure and friction and 

wear behavior, and test its feasibility for space applications. (2) Via detailed computational modeling, predict 

the phase formation, and characteristics of phases in terms of crystal structure needed to provide lubrication. 

Develop modeling and data analysis tools to determine the specific metal dopant that provides easy shearing 

(layer structure). We will do this using information about the effective cohesive enthalpy of the respective 

oxides and the structure. (3) Develop a demonstration and educational module about the importance and 

challenges of materials, design, and manufacturing in NASAs mission to create a skilled workforce. 

After materials evaluation in a laboratory setting, testing of the coating will be conducted in NASA Glenns 

Extreme Environments Chamber. The anticipated outcome is that after reliable correlations between phase 

26
27

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

formation in given operating conditions and lubrication performance of the composite coating are established, 

a new multifunctional, self-adapting lubricating system can be developed for extreme MMA applications. 

Stakeholder industries have agreed to evaluate the self-lubricating composite technology for 

commercialization potential. 
2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

ID-20-EPSCoR-Research-0027

CryoIdaho: Building Idaho’s Cryosphere Research Community through Analysis of Terrain Effects 

on Snow and Ice Meltwater Fluxes 

University of Idaho, Moscow 

Director/PI: Dr. Matthew Bernards 

Science PI: Dr. Ellyn Enderlin 

NASA MD: SMD 

The seasonal accumulation of snow and melting of snow and ice exert important controls on the hydrology of 

mountain regions and glacier mass balance. Projections of snow and ice meltwater fluxes in a changing climate 

require both accurate estimates of snow and ice meltwater fluxes as well as process-based understanding of 

controls on snow accumulation and snow and ice melt. Snow accumulation and melt vary over a variety of 

length scales due to variations in terrain (topography, vegetation, roughness, etc.). Large-scale terrain effects 

can be approximated using empirical parameterizations, but the processes controlling smaller-scale variations 

in snow accumulation and melt and the influence of these variations on basin-scale meltwater fluxes remain 

poorly understood. For glacierized regions, our ability to predict meltwater fluxes is further complicated by the 

complex interplay between surface melting, glacier hydrology, and glacier sliding that can enhance or mitigate 

glacier mass loss. As such, improved understanding of snow accumulation and melt will advance our 

understanding of glaciers, and will improve streamflow forecasts for agriculture, flood, and hydropower. 

This collaborative project addresses the pressing scientific need reduce uncertainties in estimates of snow and 

ice meltwater fluxes through interdisciplinary research on snow and ice at Boise State University and the 

University of Idaho. The project leverages existing observational networks, including NASA SnowEx and USGS 

Benchmark Glacier programs, extends in situ and remotely sensed observations, and incorporates models to 

explore interactions between snow and underlying terrain. Importantly, the project will seek out processbased understanding of 1) micro-topographic effects on snow accumulation and melt and 2) feedbacks 

between glacier melt, hydrology, and sliding. The project will also test the performance of empirical and 

numerical models for mapping seasonal snow and will develop a workflow to optimize in situ observations 

needed to validate satellite- and model-derived meltwater flux estimates. The project will develop 

methodologies to use NASA ICESat-2 observations to map seasonal snow in mountain regions spanning a range 

of terrain characteristics and constrain uncertainties in the data, quantify biases and uncertainties in NASA 

ITS_LIVE glacier velocities, and reduce uncertainties in snow and glacier meltwater flux estimates. Thus, the 

success of this project will result in more accurate and low-cost quantification of seasonal snow and glacier 

meltwater fluxes using a novel NASA dataset and inform future NASA spaceborne missions with snow and ice 

applications. 

This project will bring together Idaho scientists with expertise in snow and ice geophysics, remote sensing, 

hydrology, and atmospheric modeling to work across disciplinary boundaries to better directly address the 

NASA 2017 Earth Science Mission decadal surveys priority to [q]uantify rates of snow accumulation, snowmelt, 

ice melt, and sublimation from snow and ice worldwide at scales driven by topographic variabilityin order to 

better predict snow and ice meltwater changes in mountain regions. The project will involve several federal 

28
29

2020 NASA EPSCOR Research 

Submitted Proposals Abstracts

collaborators, including NASA ICESat-2 Project Scientist Dr. Tom Neumann and Dr. Shad O’Neal at 

USGS Anchorage. 

Through this project, we will strengthen Idaho’s capacity and reputation for cryospheric research and equip a 

number of graduate and undergraduate students with a diverse array of expertise that will make them well 

equipped to enter the STEM workforce. Students will gain valuable experience in interdisciplinary scientific 

research, science communication, and education, making them well prepared to enter the STEM workforce. 

The public will be engaged in the research through citizen science performed at the McCall Outdoor Science 

School and through the Winter Wildland Alliance Snow School, introducing K-12 students to snow science 

and winter ecology.