FI RST DI VI SI ON DOYLE, C. J.

, A NDREWS and RA

Y, JJ.

N O T IC E : M otions for r e c ons i de r a tion m us t be ph y sic a l ly r e ce iv ed i n our c le r k ’s offic e w ithin te n da y s of the da te of de c is ion to be de e m ed tim e ly file d.

http://w w w .ga a ppe a l s .us /r ule s

Febr uar y 1, 2017



# I n th e Co u r t o f

A p p eals o f

G eo r g ia

A1 6 A1 78 2 . ENTW ISLE v . THE STATE. DO-0 5 9 C

D O Y LE , Ch ief J ud g e.

Fo l l owi n g a j u ry t ri a l

, J o e D o n En twi sl e was co n v i ct ed o f fi rs t d eg ree

b u rg lary

, 1 s eco n d d eg ree b u rg l ary , 2 cri m in al t res p as s , 3 t wo co un t s o f t h eft b y t ak in g , 4

t h eft by recei v i n g , 5 co m

pu t er i n v as i o n o f p ri v acy , 6 an d p o s s es s i on o f a fi rearm b y a

1 OCGA § 1 6 -7 -1 (b ).

2 OCGA § 1 6 -7 -1 (c).

3 OCGA § 1 6 -7 -2 1 (a).

4 OCGA § 1 6 -8 -2

.

5 OCGA § 1 6 -8 -7 (a).

6 OCGA § 1 6 -9 -9 3 (c).co n vi ct ed fel o n

. 7 En t w i s l e ap p eal s t h e d en i al o f h is s ub s eq u en t m o t i on fo r n ew t ri al

,

arg u i n g t h at t ri al co u n sel was i neffect i v e; t h e t ri al co u rt erred b y ad m it t in g h i s p ri o r

co n vi ct i o n s wi t ho u t h ol d i n g a h eari n g as req u ired b y O CGA § 2 4-4 -4 0 3; an d t h e

ev i d en ce was in su ffi ci en t to s u p p o rt h i s co n v ict i o n fo r fi rs t d eg ree b u rg l ary

. Fo r t h e

reas on s t h at fo l l o w, w e rev ers e t h e d en i al o f En t wi s le’ s m o t i o n fo r n ew t ri al as to

co m p u t er i n v as i on o f p ri v acy , an d we affi rm h i s rem ai ni n g co n v i ct io ns

.

On ap p e al

, th e ev i d en ce m u st b e vi ewed i n t h e l i g h t m o s t

fav o rab le t o s u pp ort t h e v erd ict ; in d eed

, t h e ev i d en ce i s co n s t ru ed i n

fav o r o f th e ver d i c t

. [En t wi s l e] n o l o n g er en jo y s a p res u m

p ti o n o f

i n n o cen ce. M o reo v e r , an ap p el l at e co urt d et erm i nes ev i d en ce

s u ffi ci en cy an d d o es n o t wei g h th e ev i d en c e o r d et erm i n e wi t n es s

cred ib i l i t y

. 8

So v i ewed

, t h e reco rd s h o ws t h at i n earl y 2 01 3

, En t wi s l e ap p ro ach ed t h e b ack

d o o r t o Vi ll a Hi zer’ s h om e, weari n g a b ack pack

, an d t o ld h er t h at h e l i v ed o n a

n earb y s t reet an d was l o o k i n g fo r h i s m i s s i ng d o g

. Hi zer h ad n ev er s een E n t wi s l e

d u ri n g t h e 3 5 y ears s h e h ad l iv ed i n h er h o m e, n o r h ad s h e s een a d o g m at ch i n g t h e

d es cri p t io n g i v en b y En t wi s l e. A few week s l at er, o n Ap ri l 2 3

, 20 1 3

, Hi zer ret u rn ed

7 OCGA § 1 6 -1 1-1 31 (b ).

8 S er r i t t v. S t a t e , 2 6 1 Ga. Ap p . 3 44 (5 8 2 SE2 d 5 0 7 ) (2 0 0 3 ). See al s o Ja cks o n v. Vi r g i n i a , 4 4 3 U. S. 3 0 7 , 3 1 9 (III) (B) (9 9 SCt 2 7 8 1 , 6 1 LE2 d 5 6 0 ) (1 9 79 ).

2h o m e aft er b ei n g o u t of to w n , en t ered t h ro u gh t h e carp o rt do o r, wh i ch ap p eared t o b e

u n l o ck ed

, an d n o t i ced t hat cert ai n d o o rs were ajar an d d res ser d oo rs were o n t h e

fl oo r. Th e fo ll o w i ng it em s were m i s s i ng fro m Hi zer’ s h om e: wat ch es , jewel ry ,

b as eb al l card s , a l ap t op co m p ut er, a g u n , s t erl i ng s il v er l i g h t ers , an d a p i ece o f p ap er

l i s t in g secu ri t y co d es

. Hi zer an d po l i ce al s o d i s co v ered t hat a l o ck o n o n e o f h er

d i n i n g ro o m wi n d o ws h ad b een b ro k en , an d t h ere were p ry m ark s o n t he o u t s i d e o f

t h e wi n d o w fram e.

Al s o o n Ap ri l 2 3

, 2 0 1 3, p o l i ce arri ved at a l o cat i o n in res p o n s e t o a “ fi g h t cal l .”

W h en t h ey arri v ed

, o ff

i c e rs l earn ed t h at on e o f t h e s u s p ect s h ad fl ed t h e s cen e i n a

g reen Fo rd h ead in g t oward Pay n e Ro ad

. Sh o rt l y t h ereaft er, an o ffi cer s p o t t ed t h e F or d

p ark ed near wh at ap p eared t o b e an ab an d on ed ho u se o n Pay n e Ro ad

. Th e o ffi cer s aw

t h at t h e b a c k d oo r t o t h e h o u s e was ajar, l ead i n g hi m t o b el iev e t h at t h e fl eei n g

s u s p ect h ad en t ered t he h om e.

Th e o ffi cer at t em

pt ed t o en t er th e h o m e, b u t t h e d o o r w as b l ock ed b y a s t o v e;

h e t hen s aw J en n ifer Ro wl an d

, l at er i d en t i fi ed as En t wi s l e’ s g i rl fri en d

, i n s i d e t h e

h o u s e. W h i l e t h e o ffi cer s p o k e wi t h Ro wl an d

, h e h eard an o t her p ers o n ru nn i n g i n s i d e

t h e h o u s e. Th e o ffi cer wen t aro u nd t o t h e fro nt d o o r an d k n o ck ed

, a n d R o w l an d

o p en ed t h e d o or an d s q u eezed th ro u g h

, m ak i n g s u re t he offi cer co u l d n o t see i n s i de.

3W h i l e s p eak in g w i t h Ro w l an d

, t h e o ffi cer h eard an o t he r pe r s o n m ov i n g aro u n d i n s i d e

t h e h o u s e, an d Ro wl an d ev en t u al l y ad m i t t ed h er bo y fri en d

, En t wi s l e, was i n s i de.

Ro wl an d ag reed t o g o i n s i de; t he o ffi cer, co n cern ed fo r h i s s afet y , p rev en ted h er fro m

cl o s i ng th e d o o r an d fo l lo w ed her i n to t h e h ou s e, wh ere h e fo u n d En t wi s l e h i d i n g in

a b ed ro o m

. W h i l e h e was i n t h e h o u s e, t h e o ffi cer o b s erv ed t wo n ew b i cy cl es i n t h e

k i t ch en , s ev eral s u it cas es , an d m an y card b o ard b o x es

. H e ap p l i ed fo r a warran t to

s earch t h e h o u s e, b ut t h e warran t was d en ied

.

Th ereaft er, Hi zer p u rch as ed a n ew co m p u t er an d at t e m

p t ed t o res t o re h er

co m p u t er fi l es u s i n g Carb on it e, an o n l i n e b a c k u p s y s tem sh e h ad i n s tal l ed o n t h e

l a p t o p t h at was s t o l en fro m h er h o m e. W h i l e do i n g so , Hi zer l earn ed t hat so m e o n e

h ad u s ed t h e l ap t o p t he day aft er i t was s t o l en an d o p en ed h er Qu ick en fi l es , wh i ch

co n tai n ed p ri v at e fi n an ci al d at a, i n cl u di n g h er cred i t card an d b a n k a cco u nt

i n fo rm at i o n

.

An i n v es ti g at o r o b t ai n ed fro m Carb o n i t e t h e IP ad d res s es t h at were u s e d t o

acces s Hi zer’ s co m

p u t er, i n cl u d i n g on e fro m t h e Ki n g s In n m o t el . Th e i n v es t i g at o r

t h en l earn ed th at Ro wl an d h ad ren ted a ro om at t h at m o t el

, an d En t wi s le had s t ay ed

t h ere wi t h h er. Th e in ves ti g at o r al s o d i sco v ered th at s o m eo ne u s in g Hi zer’ s co m p u t er

aft er i t was s t o l en h ad acces s ed an em ai l acco un t co n t ai n i n g En t wi s l e’ s n am e.

4A f

t er learn in g t h at En t wi s le h ad b een t h e s u b ject o f th e i n v es t i g at i o n a t t h e

Pay n e Ro ad ho u s e o n th e s am e d ay t h at Hi zer’ s h o m e h ad b een b u r g l a r i zed

, t h e

i n v es t i g at o r o b t ai n ed a s earch warran t fo r t h e Pay n e Ro ad h o u se, wh ich warran t h e

ex ecu t ed o n M ay 6

, 2 0 13

. Du ri ng th e s earch

, p o l i ce reco v ered nu m ero u s s t o len i t em s ,

s o m e o f wh i ch b el o n g ed t o Hi zer an d h er h u s b an d

, i ncl u d in g jewel ry , a wat ch

, a p i ece

o f p ap er co n t ai n i n g v ari o u s secu ri t y al arm co des

, a p ai r o f ey eg l as s es , an d H i z e r ’s

h u s b an d ’ s d ri v er’ s l i cen s e. 9 Po l i ce al s o fo u n d a cro wb ar, wh ich t h e i n v es t i g at o r l at er

co m p ared t o an d fo un d co n s i s ten t wi t h t h e m ark i n g s o n Hi zer’ s wi nd o w fram e.

On M arch 9

, 2 01 3

, at ap p ro xi m at el y 1 0 :0 0 a. m ., J am es M cCrary an d h i s wi fe

ret u rn ed t o t h ei r ho m e o n Bu rn et t Ferry Ro ad i n Fl o y d Co u n t y aft er b reak fas t an d

d i s co v ered t h at t h e gl as s o n t h e d o o r l e ad i n g fro m t h ei r p at i o to t h e garag e was

b ro k en an d s cat t ered o n t h e fl o o r i ns i de t h e g arag e. 1 0 Lat e r t h a t aft ern o o n , p o l i ce

a r ri v ed at Ho l l an d Dri v e i n res p o n s e t o a 9 1 1 cal l rep o rt in g “ s u s p i ci o u s act i v i t y .”

Po l i ce fo u n d v ari o u s i tem s , i ncl u d i n g t o o l s , s trewn o n t h e s id e o f t h e ro ad way n ear

t h e wo o d s

. An o ffi cer fo ll o wed a t rai l t h ro u g h t h e w o o d s , al o n g w hi ch h e fo u n d

9 Po l i ce al s o fo u n d a l ev el wi t h En t wi s l e’ s n am e wri tt en o n i t i n m ark er, as wel l

as a d o cu m en t i n d i cat i n g th at En t wi sl e an d Ro wl an d were au th o ri zed t o o ccu p y t h e h o u s e.

1 0 Th e d oo r was l o ck ed wi t h a d ead b o l t

, an d i t req ui red a k ey t o b e u n l o ck ed

.

5ad d it i o n al i t em s o n t h e g ro u nd

, i n cl ud i n g a h an d t ru ck

, u n t i l h e reach ed t h e b ack o f

M cCrary ’ s p ro p ert y on n earb y Bu rn et t Ferry Ro ad

. Th ere, t h e o ffi cer s a w a f r eesta nding wo rk s h o p b eh i n d M cCrary ’ s p ro p ert y , an d M cC r a r y c onf ir m e d tha t t he ite m s

fo u n d i n t h e wo o d s b el o n ged t o h i m an d were t ak en fro m

h i s wo rk sh o p.

En t wi s l e’ s g irl fri en d

, Ro wl an d

, t e s t i fi ed l at er at t ri al t h at at hi s req ues t

, s h e

d ro p ped En t wi s l e o ff o n H o l l a n d Dri v e o n M arch 9

, 2 0 1 3

. Pu rs uan t t o h i s req u es t

,

Ro wl an d ret u rn ed t o th e s am e s p o t ap p ro x i m at el y 1 5 m i n ut es l at er, b u t s h e co u l d n ot

fi nd En twi s l e. W h i l e s h e was d ri v i n g an d l o o ki n g fo r h i m , h e cal l ed an d ad v i s ed h er

t h at h e h ad s een p o l i ce i n th e area; Ro wl an d l eft th e area aft er s he recei v ed t h e cal l

,

s a w t h e p o l i ce cars , an d “ had a b ad feel i n g .” Lat er th at n ig h t, Ro wl an d was a t a

fri en d’ s h o us e les s t han a m il e fro m w h ere s h e d ro p p ed En t wi s l e o ff o n H o l l an d Ro ad

wh en En t wi s l e arri v ed o n a b i k e. E n t wi s le, w h o h ad m ul t i p l e s cra t c h e s , was an g ry

wi t h Ro wl an d b ecau s e s h e w o u l d n o t h el p h i m ret ri ev e fro m t h e wo o d s i t em s t h at h e

s ai d h e g o t fro m a n earb y h om e; En t wi s l e t ol d h er th at h e h ad t o co v er h i m s el f an d

t h e i t em s wi t h l eav es wh en t he p o l i ce arri ved i n t h e area.

Fo l l owi n g a j u ry t ri al

, E n t wi s l e w as co n vi ct ed o f fi rs t d eg ree b u rg l ary , s eco n d

d eg ree b u rg l ary , cri m i n al t res p as s , two co u nt s o f t h eft b y t ak i n g , t h eft b y recei v i n g,

6co m

p u t er i n v as i on of p ri v acy , an d p o s ses s i o n o f a fi rearm b y a co n v i ct ed fel o n

. 1 1 Th e

t ri al co u rt d en i ed En t wi s l e’ s m o t i o n fo r n ew t ri al , an d t h i s ap peal fo ll owed

.

1. En t wi s l e co n t en d s t h at h e recei v ed i n effect iv e as s i st an ce o f co u n s el

. W e find

n o b as is fo r rev ers al

.

“ [T] o p rev ai l on a cl ai m o f in effect i v e a s s i s t an ce o f co u ns el

, [En t iws l e] m

u s t s ho w b o t h t h at co u n s e l ’ s p erfo rm an ce w as d efi ci en t

,

an d t h at t h e d efi ci en t perfo rm an ce w as p reju di ci al t o h i s d efen se. To

m eet t h e fi rs t p ro n g o f t h e req u i red t es t , h e m u s t o v erco m e t he “ st ro n g

p res um p t i o n” th at co u n s el ’ s p erfo rm an ce fel l w i t hi n a wi d e ran g e o f

r e a sona b le pr of e s sion al co n d u ct

, an d t h at co u ns el ’ s deci s i on s w e r e m a de

i n t h e ex erci s e o f reas o n ab l e p ro fes si o n al j u d gm en t

. Th e reas o nab l en es s

o f co u n s el ’ s co n du ct i s ex am i n ed fro m co u n s el ’ s p ers p ect i v e at t h e t i m e

o f t ri al an d u n d er t h e p art i cu l ar ci rcu m s t an ces o f t h e cas e. To m eet t he

s eco nd p ro n g o f t he t es t

, h e m u s t s h o w t h at t h ere is a rea s o n a b l e

p ro b ab i l i t y t h at

, ab s en t an y u n p ro fes si o n al erro rs o n co u n s el ’ s p art

, th e

res u lt o f h i s t ri al wo u l d h av e b een d i fferen t

. W e accep t t h e t ri al co u rt ’ s

fact u al fi n d i n g s an d cred i b i l i t y d et erm i n at i o n s u n l es s cl earl y erro n eo us , b u t we i nd ep en d en t l y

ap p l y t h e l eg al p ri nci p l es t o t h e fact s

. 1 2

1 1 Th e j u r y a l s o fo u nd En t wi s le g u il t y o f an o t her co u n t o f s eco n d d eg ree b u rg lary an d an o t h er co u n t o f t h eft b y t ak i n g, b u t t h os e co u n ts were m erg ed wi th

o t h ers d u ri n g s en t en ci n g

.

1 2 (Ci t at i o n s an d pu n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed ). Al l en v. St a te

, 2 9 6 Ga. 7 8 5

, 7 9 2 -7 9 3 (1 0 ) (7 7 0 SE2 d 8 2 4 ) (2 0 1 5 ) ci t i n g S t ri ckl a n d v. W a sh i n g t o n , 4 6 6 U. S. 66 8

, 6 8 7 (III) (1 0 4 SCt 2 05 2 , 8 0 LE2 d 6 7 4 ) (1 9 8 4 ).

7(a) Tri al co u ns el fi l ed an d arg u ed a m o t i on t o s up p res s t he ev i d en ce fo u n d at

t h e Pay n e Ro ad h o us e. En t wi s l e arg ues , h o wev er, t h at t ri al co un s el ren d ered

i n effect i v e as s i st an ce i n d o i ng s o b y “ fai l [i n g ] t o arg u e an y ap p li cab le l aw a n d

s u rren d er[i n g] t h e is s u e s o q u i ck l y as i f n o m o t i on was fi l ed at al l.” Sp eci fi ca l l y,

En t wi s le co n ten d s t hat t ri al co u n s el s h o u ld h av e arg u ed t h at En t wi s l e h ad a p ro t ect ed

Fo u rt h Am en d m en t i n t eres t i n t h e Pay n e Ro ad h o u s e b as ed u p o n hi s st at us as a g u es t

an d becau s e h e was p erfo rm i n g ren o v at i o n wo rk on t h e pro p ert y i n ex ch an g e fo r ren t

,

m ak i n g t he p ro p ert y

a wo rk s p ace.

In h i s m o t i o n t o s u p p res s , En t wi s l e av erred t h at : h e li v ed o n 1 07 Li n ds ey

Terrace; t h e Pay ne Ro ad h o u s e was o wn ed b y Del an e L y n ch

, h i s si s t er-i n -l aw; n o o n e

l i ved i n th e Pay n e Ro ad h o u s e; an d Ly n ch h ad g i v en En t wi s l e perm is s io n t o b e at t h e

Pay n e Ro ad ho m e t o wo rk

. Bas ed u p o n t ho s e as s ert i o n s , t h e t ri al co u rt co n cl u d ed t h at

En t wi s le d i d n ot h av e s t an d i n g t o ch al l en g e t h e s earch o f t h e Pay n e Ro ad h ou s e an d

d en ied t h e m o ti o n t o s up p res s.

At t ri al

, th e i n v es ti g at i n g o ffi cer tes t i fi ed t h at th e h o us e w as “ v ery d i l ap i d at ed

,

. . . h ad n o ru nn i n g wat er[,]

. . . h ad n o p o wer.

. . . It was i n ro u g h s h ap e.

. . . [I] t was

v ery d i rt y

. . . . Th e h o u se wa s

. . . b as i cal l y t o m e u n l i v eab l e.” Ly n ch

, t h e o wn er,

t es t i fi ed th at d uri n g t h e ti m e En t wi s l e was fo un d i n h er h o u s e, “ [v ] ag ran t s [wen t ] in

8an d o u t o f m y h o u s e al l t he t i m e b ecau s e i t ’ s

– th e g ras s [h as g ro w n] u p al l t h e way

t o t h e ro o f, an d t h ey can g o i n an d o u t e a s i l y. ” At t h e t i m e t h e p o li ce ex ecu t ed t h e

s earch warran t o f th e h o u s e , t h e y fo u n d a n o t e, wh i ch s t at ed : “ A s o f 4 / 2 2 / 2 0 1 3,

p ro p ert y at 1 2 4 Pay n e Ro ad i s b ei n g o ccu p ied b y J o e Do n En twi sl e an d J en ny

Ro wl an d

. Th e h o us e i s n o t ab an d o n ed

. Th ey are t h ere t o cl ean u p, s t ay , p ro t ect

, an d

res i de.

. . . An y q u es t i o n s co n cern i n g s earch i n g th e h o u s e s ho u l d b e at t h e d i s cret i o n

o f t h e occu p an t s o f t h e h o u se.” Th e n o t e was s i gn ed b y L y n ch

. Ro wl an d t es t i fi ed at

t r ial th at s he an d En t wi s l e l i v ed i n t h e h o u s e o n Pay n e Ro ad “ [f] o r a b ri ef t i m e,”

co n ced i ng t h at i t d i d n o t h av e u t i l it i es o r r u n n in g wat er. A cco rd i ng t o Ro wl an d,

i n s t ead o f p ay i n g ren t fo r t h e h o u s e, s h e an d En t wi s l e w ere s u p p o s ed “ t o fi x t h e p l ace

u p .”

“ In o rd er t o cl ai m t h e p ro t ect i o n of t h e Fo u rt h Am en d m en t ag ai n s t

u n reas o nab l e s earch an d s ei zu re, a d efen d an t m u s t d em o ns t rat e t h at h e p ers o n al l y h as

an e x p e c t a t i o n of p ri v acy in t h e p l ace s earch ed

, an d t h at h i s ex p ect at i o n i s

reas on ab l e.” 1 3 “ [A] d efen dan t m u s t d em o ns t rat e b o t h a ‘ s u b j ect i v e’ ex p ect at i o n o f

1 3 (Ci t at io n s an d p u nct u at i o n o m i t ted .) S m i t h v. S t a t e , 2 8 4 Ga. 1 7

, 21 (3 ) (6 6 3

SE2 d 1 4 2) (2 0 0 8).

9p ri v acy an d t h at t h e ex pect at i o n i s o n e th at s oci et y i s wi l l i n g t o reco g n i ze as

reas on ab l e.” 1 4

Reg ard l es s o f wh et her En t wi s l e l i v ed i n t h e Pay n e Ro ad h ou s e, “ a pl ace n eed

n o t b e res p o nd en t ’ s ‘ ho m e,’ t em p o rary o r o t h erwi s e, i n o rd er f o r h i m t o en

jo y a

reas on ab l e ex p ect at io n o f p ri v acy t h ere. Th e Fo u rt h Am en d m en t p ro t ect s p eo p l e, n ot

p l aces , an d p ro v i d es s an ct u ary fo r ci ti zen s wh erev er t h e y h av e a l eg i t i m at e

ex p ect at i o n o f p ri v acy .” 1 5 “ A p ers o n h as a l eg i t i m at e ex p ect at i o n o f p ri v acy i n h i s

.

. . h o m e an d m ay h av e a l eg it i m at e ex p ect at i o n o f p r i v acy i n a h o u se i n wh i ch t h e

p ers o n is an o v ern ig ht g u es t ; h o wev er, o n e wh o i s m erel y p res en t wi t h t h e co n s en t

o f t h e h o u s eh o l d er m ay

n o t cl ai m

t h e p ro t ect i o n o f t h e Fo u rt h Am en d m en t.” 1 6

1 4 (Ci t at i o n o m i t t ed .) Ra s h i d v. S t a t e , 2 9 2 Ga. 4 1 4

, 4 1 8 (3 ) (7 3 7 S E2 d 6 9 2 ) (2 0 1 3).

1 5 (Pu n ct u at i on o m i t t ed .) Mo s es v. S t a t e , 3 2 8 Ga. Ap p

. 6 25

, 6 2 7 (2 ) (7 6 0 SE2 d

2 1 7 ) (2 0 14 ), q u o t i ng Ar n o ld v. S ta t e , 23 7 Ga. Ap p. 8 5 7

, 8 5 9 ( 1 ) (5 1 7 SE2 d 9 7 ) (1 9 9 9).

1 6 (Pu n ct u at i o n o m it t ed .) Br o wn v. S t a t e , 2 9 5 Ga. 6 95

, 6 9 7 (2 ) (7 63 SE2 d 7 1 0 ) (2 0 1 4), q u ot i ng S

m i t h v. S t a t e , 2 8 4 Ga. 1 7 , 2 1 (3 ) (6 6 3 SE2 d 1 4 2 ) (2 0 0 8 ).

10Pret erm it t i n g wh et h er a fav o ra ble r uling on the m o t i on t o s u p p res s t h e ev i d en ce

was p o ss i b l e, 1 7 h o wev er, En t wi s l e h as fai l ed t o d em on s t rat e th at co u n s el ’ s fai l u re to

arg u e m o re em

p h at i cal l y th e m o t i o n co n s t it u t ed i neffect i v e as s is t an ce. “ Tri al t act i cs

an d st rat eg y , n o m at t er ho w m i s t ak en i n hi n ds i g ht

, are al m o s t nev er ad eq uat e g ro u nd s

fo r fi n d i n g t ri al co u n s el in effect i v e u nl es s th ey are s o p at en t l y u n reas o n ab l e t h at n o

co m p et en t at t o rn ey w o ul d h av e ch o s en th em .” 1 8 Gi v en E n t wi s l e’ s p o s i t i o n at t h e t i m e

h e fi led th e m o t i o n t o s u p p res s t hat n ei t h er h e n o r an y o n e el s e l i v ed i n t h e Pay n e

Ro ad h o u s e at t h e t im e o f t h e s earch an d th at he li v ed el s ewh ere, we fi n d n o b as i s to

co n cl u d e t h at co u n s el ’ s d eci s io n ag ai n s t arg u in g m o re s tren u o u s l y fo r s u pp res s i o n o f

t h e ev i d en ce “ was , at t h e t i m e o f t ri al

, u n r e a s o n a b l e.” 1 9 An d “ t h e fact t hat p res en t

1 7 Th e St at e arg u es t h at t h e o ffi cer’ s i ni t i al en t ry i n t o th e Pay ne Ro ad h o u s e o n Ap ri l 2 3

, 2 0 1 3

, was ju s t i fi ed b y ex i g en t ci rcu m s tan ces

. In t he o rd er d en y i n g t h e

m o ti o n fo r n ew t ri al

, t h e t ri al co u rt ag reed

, co n cl u d i n g t h at “ t h e o ffi cer was al l o wed

t o en t er t h e h o u se

. . . t o co n du ct a p ro t ect i ve s weep [,]

. . . [an d t ] h e o ffi cer h ad an

art i cu l ab l e s u s p i ci o n t hat t he s us p ect was i n t h e h o u s e.”

1 8 (Pu n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed .) Fl emi s t er v. S ta te

, 3 1 7 Ga. Ap p

. 7 49

, 7 5 7 (4 ) (b ) (7 3 2

SE2 d 8 1 0 ) (2 0 1 2), q u o t i ng Gr a y v. S t a t e , 2 9 1 G a. Ap p

. 5 7 3, 57 9 (2 ) (6 62 SE2 d 3 3 9 ) (2 0 0 8).

1 9 Ha mp t o n v. S ta te , 2 9 5 Ga. 6 6 5 , 6 7 0 (2 ) (7 6 3 SE2 d 4 6 7 ) (2 0 1 4 ).

11co u ns el d i s ag rees wi t h t ri al co u n s el ’ s s t rat eg y do es no t ren d er s u ch s t rat eg i c d eci s i o n

u n reas o nab l e.” 2 0

(b ) En t wi s l e m ai n t ai n s t hat t ri al co u n s el was i n effect i v e b y fai l i n g to o b ject to

t h e hears ay t e s t i m o n y b y H i zer i n t ro d uced b y t h e St at e t o s u p p o rt t h e co m p u t er

i n v as i o n o f p ro p ert y

ch arg e. W e ag ree.

At t ri al

, Hi zer t es ti fi ed t h at aft er t h e b urg l ary at h er h o m e , s h e l earn ed fro m

Carb o n i te t h at s o m e o n e h ad u sed her co m p u t er t o acces s h er Q u i ck en fi l es , wh i ch

co n tai n ed fi n an ci al i n fo rm at i o n reg ard i n g h er b an k an d cred it card acco un t s, an d s h e

i m m ed i at el y co n t act ed h er b an k an d cred i t card co m p an i es as a res u l t

. E n t wi s l e

arg u es t h at t h i s t es t i m o n y co n st i t u ted i n ad m i s s i b l e h ears ay

.

OCGA § 2 4 -8 -8 01 (c) pro v i d es : “ ‘ Hears ay ’ m ean s a s tat em en t

, o t her t h an o n e

m ad e b y t h e d ecl aran t wh i l e t es t i fy i n g at t h e t ri al o r h eari n g , o ffered i n ev i d en ce to

p ro v e t h e t ru th o f t he m at ter as s ert ed .” 2 1

2 0 Id

. , ci t i n g McKen z i e v. S t a te

, 2 8 4 Ga. 3 4 2

, 34 9 (4 ) (e) (6 6 7 SE2 d 4 3 ) (2 0 0 8 ).

2 1 E n t wi s le w a s t r i ed i n Sep t em b er 2 0 1 4

. Th erefo re, t h e n ew Ev i d en ce Co d e

ap p li ed t o h i s t ri al . See Ga. L. 2 0 1 1 , p . 9 9 , § 1 0 1 (“ T hi s Act s hal l b eco m e effect i v e

o n J an u ary 1

, 2 0 13

, an d s hal l ap pl y t o an y m ot i o n m ad e o r h eari n g o r t ri al

co m m en ced o n o r aft er s u ch d at e.”).

12Th e S t at e arg u es th at Hi zer’ s t es t i m o n y was no t h ears ay , b u t was i n s t ead

ad m i s s i b l e t o ex p l ai n h er su b seq u en t co n du ct in co n t act i n g h er ban k an d cred i t card

co m p an i es an d t o s h o w h o w t h e i n v es t i g at o r i d en t i fi ed En t wi s l e as a p o ten t ial s u s p ect

i n t h e b u rg l ary

. Pu rs u an t t o fo rm er OCGA § 2 4 -3 -2

, “ [w] h en , i n a l eg al i n ves t i g at i o n,

t h e co n d u ct an d m o t i v es o f t h e act or are m at t ers co n cern in g w h i ch t h e t ru th m u s t b e

fo u n d (i .e., are rel ev an t t o th e i s s u es o n t ri al ), t h en i n fo rm at i o n, co n v ers at i o n s , l et t ers

an d rep l i es , an d s i m i l ar ev id en ce k n o wn to t he act o r are ad m i s s i b l e t o ex p l ai n t h e

act o r’ s co n d u ct .” 2 2 Th at Co d e s ect i o n , h o w ev e r , w a s n o t carri ed o ver i n t o t h e n ew

Ev i d e n c e Co d e. 2 3 H i zer’ s st at em en t ab o u t wh at s h e l earn ed fro m Carb o n i t e was

i n t ro du ced t o p ro ve t h at E n t w i s l e u s ed h er co m p u t er t o acces s h er fi n an ci al

2 2 Mo mo n v. S t a t e , 2 4 9 Ga. 8 6 5 , 8 6 7 (2 94 SE2 d 4 8 2 ) (1 9 8 2 ).

2 3 Ev en if OCGA § 2 4 -3 -2 was i n effect at t h e t i m e o f En t wi s l e’ s t ri al

, i t wo u ld

n o t h av e au t h o ri zed t h e ad m i ss i o n o f Hi zer’ s t es t i m o n y b ecau s e “ wh ere t he co n d u ct

an d m ot i v es o f t h e act o r are no t m at t e r s c o n cern i n g wh i ch t h e tru t h m u s t b e fo u n d (i

. e., are i rrel ev an t t o t h e i s s u es o n t ri al ) t h en t h e in fo rm at i on , et c. o n wh i ch h e o r s h e

act e d s h a l l n o t b e ad m i s s i b le un d er

. . . OCGA § 2 4-3 -2

. In t h e cas e b efo re u s , t h e

co n du ct an d m o t i v es o f [Hi zer an d Sai l o rs ] were n o t rel ev an t t o th e i s s u es o n t ri al .”

Tea gu e v. S t a t e , 2 52 G a. 5 3 4, 5 3 5 (1 ) (3 1 4 SE2 d 9 1 0 ) (1 9 8 4) (p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed ).

13i n fo rm at i o n a n d th erefo re co n s t i t u t es h ears ay

. 2 4 T h e St at e d o es n o t co n t en d t h at

Hi zer’ s s t at em en t i s ad m i s s i b l e u n d er an y o t h er ex cep t i o n t o t h e h ears ay ru l e.

Al t h ou g h t h e d eci s i o n o f wh et h er t o i n t erp o s e cert ai n o b ject i o n s

i s gen eral ly a m at t er o f t ri al s trat eg y an d t act i cs , t ri al co u n s el p ro v i d ed

n o reas on fo r fai li n g t o o b j e c t t o [Hi zer’ s ] hears ay t es t i m on y ab o u t

[s o m eo n e u s in g h er co m

p u t er t o acces s h er fi n an ci al i n fo rm at i o n ]

. In

as s es s i n g t h e o b

ject i ve reas o n ab l en es s o f a l awy er’ s p erfo rm an ce, we

are n o t l i m i t ed t o th e s u bject i v e reas o n s offered b y tri al co u ns el fo r h i s

co n d u ct

. In s t ead

, we co n s i d er wh et h er “ a reas o nab l e l awy er m i g ht h av e

d o n e wh at t h e act u al l awy er d i d

– wh et h er fo r t h e s am e reas o ns g i v en b y

t h e act u al l awy er o r d i fferen t reas o ns en t i rel y ; ” i f t h e an swer t o t hat

q u es t i o n i s y es , t hen t h e “ act u al l awy er can no t b e sai d t o h av e p erfo rm ed

i n an o b j ect iv el y u n reas o n ab l e way .” In t h i s cas e, we can no t i d en t i fy an y

r e a s o n wh y a reas o n ab l e at t o rn ey wo u l d h av e d eci d ed n o t to o b jec t t o

t h e h ears ay t es t im o n y t h at p ro vi d ed t h e o n l y ev i d en t i ary b as i s fo r a

co n v i ct i o n o f [co m

p u t er i n v as i o n o f p ri v acy ]

. 2 5 As a res ul t

, t ri al co u n s el

was d efi ci en t fo r fai l i n g t o o b ject t o [Hi zer’ s ] h ears ay

t es t i m o n y

.

2 4 In i t s o rd er d en y i n g En t wi s l e’ s m o t i o n fo r n ew t ri al

, t h e t ri al co u rt co n cl u d ed

t h at Hi zer’ s t es t i m o ny was cu m u l at i v e o f t h e i n v es t i g at i n g o ffi cer’ s t es t i m o ny

reg ard i n g Carb o n it e. Bu t t h e o ffi cer t es t i fi ed o n l y th at i n fo rm at i o n h e o b t ai ned fro m Carb o n i te l ed hi m t o an em ai l ad d res s li n k ed t o En t wi s l e; h e d i d no t t e s t i f y t h at

En t wi s le u s ed Hi zer’ s co m p u t er i n an at t em

p t t o acces s h er fi n an ci al i n fo rm at i o n

.

2 5 To s u p p o rt a co n v i ct i o n fo r co m p ut er in v as i o n o f p ri v acy as ch arg ed i n t h e i n d i ct m en t

, t h e St at e w as req u i red t o p ro v e t h at En t wi s l e “ u se[d ] a co m p u t er o r

co m p u t er n et wo rk wi t h th e i n t en t i o n o f ex am in i ng [Hi zer’ s ] e m p l o y m en t

, m ed i cal

,

s al ary , c r e d i t

, o r an y o t h er fi n an ci al o r p ers o n al d at a

. . . wi t h k no wl ed g e t h at s u ch

ex am i n at i o n i s wi t h o u t au t h o ri ty . . . .” OCGA § 1 6 -9 -9 3 (c).

14Th e p reju d i ce fro m t ri al co u n s el ’ s d efi ci en cy i s cl ear. [Hi zer’ s ] h ears ay

t es t i m o n y was t he o n l y ev i d en ce o ffered t o p ro v e t h e el em en t s o f th e
[co m p u ter in v as i o n o f p ri v a cy ] o ffen s e[]

. Had t h is ev i d en ce b een

ex c l u d e d

, t h ere wo u l d n o t h av e b een s u ffi ci en t ev i d en ce t o co n v i ct
[Hi zer] o f [t h at o ffen s e]

. Th u s , b u t fo r co u n s el ’ s p erfo rm an ce, m o re t h an

a reas o n ab l e p ro b ab i l i t y ex i s t s t h at t h e o u t co m e o f t he tri al wo u l d h av e

b een d i fferen t

, an d t h i s am o u n t ed t o i n effect iv e as s i s t an ce of co u ns el

. Acco rd i ng l y , we rev ers e t h e t ri al co urt ’ s d en i al o f [En t wi s l e’ s] m o t i o n

fo r a n ew t ri al w i t h r e s p e c t t o th e [cri m i n al in v as io n of p ri vacy

co n v i ct i o n]

. 2 6

2

. E nt wi s le arg u es t h at t h e t ri al co urt erred b y ad m i t t i n g ev i d en ce of p ri o r b ad

act s . Th i s en u m erat i o n p res en t s n o b as i s fo r rev ers al

.

OCGA § 2 4 -4 -4 0 4 (b ) p ro v i d es i n rel ev an t p art :

Ev i d en ce o f ot h er cri m es , wro n g s, o r a c t s s h a ll n o t b e ad m is s i b l e t o

p ro v e t h e ch aract er o f a p ers o n i n o rd e r t o s h o w act i o n in co n fo rm i t y

t h erewi th

. It m ay , h o wev er, b e ad m i s s ib l e fo r o t h er p urp o s es , i n cl ud i n g , b u t n o t l im i t ed t o , p ro o f o f m o t i v e, op p o rt u n i t y , i n t en t, pr e p arat i o n , p l an , k n o wl ed g e, i d en t i t y , o r ab s en ce o f m i st ak e o r acci den t

. . . .

A t h ree

- p a r t t es t d et erm i n es t h e ad m i s s i b i l i t y o f ev i den ce u nd er t h i s

Co d e s ect i o n : (1 ) t h e ev i d en ce m us t b e rel ev an t t o an i s s u e o t h er t h an

d efen d an t ’ s ch aract er; (2 ) t h e p ro b at i v e v al u e m u st n o t b e su b s t an t i al l y

2 6 (Ci t at io ns an d p u n ct uat i o n o m i tt ed .) Ta yl o r v. S t at e , 3 37 Ga. Ap p

. 4 8 6

, 4 9 7

- 4 9 8 (4 ) (b ) (i ) (7 8 8 SE2 d 9 7 ) (2 0 1 6 ).

15o u t wei g h ed b y i t s u n d u e p reju d i ce; [an d ] (3 ) t he g o v ern m en t m u s t o ffer

s u ffi ci en t p ro o f so t h at t he ju ry co u l d fi n d t h at d efen d an t co m m i t t ed th e

act

. A d eci s i on t o ad m i t s uch ev id en ce wi l l n o t b e rev ers ed ab s en t a

cl ear ab u se o f d i s cret i o n

. 2 7

Pu rs uan t to OCGA § 2 4 -4 -4 0 3

, ev i d en ce o ffered fo r a p ro p er pu rp o s e u n d er

t h i s r ul e m ay b e ex cl u d ed “ i f i ts p ro b at i v e v al u e i s su b s t an t i al l y o u t wei g h ed b y t h e

d an ger o f u n fai r preju d ice, co n fu s i o n o f t h e i s su es , o r m i s l ead i n g t h e ju ry o r by

co n si d erat io n s o f u nd u e d el ay , was t e o f ti m e, o r n eed l es s p res en t at i o n o f cu m u l at i v e

ev i d en ce.” 2 8

On ap peal

, En t wi s l e arg ues t h at t h e tri al co urt erred b y ad m i t ti n g t h e p ri o r b ad

act s u n der OCGA § 2 4 -4 -4 0 4 (b ) wi t h o u t u n d ert ak i n g t h e b al an ci n g t es t req u i red by

OCGA § 2 4

- 4

- 4 0 3

. At th e o u t s et

, we n ot e t h at En t w i s le h as fai l ed t o i d en t i fy

p reci s el y wh at ev i d e n c e h e ch al l en g es , n o r d o es h e p ro v id e an y reco rd ci t at i o n s to

s p eci fi c ru l i n g s b y t h e t ri al co urt o n t h i s i s s u e o r hi s o b j ect i o n s t h eret o , h i n d eri n g o u r

2 7 (Fo o t no t e an d p u nct u at i o n o m i tt ed .) Ch as e v. S ta t e , 3 3 7 Ga. Ap p

. 4 4 9

, 4 5 4 (3 ) (7 8 7 SE2 d 8 02 ) (2 0 1 6 )

, q u o t i n g Br a d s h a w v. S t a t e , 2 96 Ga. 6 5 0

, 6 56 (3 ) (7 6 9

SE2 d 8 9 2) (2 0 1 5) an d ci t i n g Ol d s v. S t a t e , 2 9 9 Ga. 6 5

, 7 0 (2 ) (7 8 6 SE2 d 6 3 3 ) (2 0 1 6 ) (n o t i ng t h at al t h o u g h t he Co u rt ’ s ap p l i cat i o n o f t h e t es t i n Br a d sh a w “ m ay h av e

cau s ed s o m e co n fu s i o n , ” “ Br a ds h a w co rrect l y i d en t i fi ed t h e g en eral req u irem en t s fo r

t h e ad m is s i o n o f ev i d en ce o f o t h er act s .”).

2 8 S ma rt v. S t a t e , 2 9 9 Ga. 4 1 4 , 4 1 7 (2 ) (7 88 SE2 d 4 4 2 ) (2 0 1 6 ).

16rev i ew o f t h is en u m erat io n

. “ It i s n o t t h is Co u rt ’ s jo b t o cu l l t h e reco rd o n beh al f o f

t h e [ap p el l an t ] t o fi n d al leg ed erro rs

. Acco rd i n gl y , [En t wi s l e] h as fai l ed t o carry h i s

b u rd en o f s h o wi n g an ab u s e of d i s cret i o n b y t h e t ri al co ur t i n a d m i t t i n g t h e s i m i l ar

t ran s act io n ev id en ce. . . .” 2 9

No t wi t h s t an d i n g En t wi s le’ s wai v er o f t h is en u m erat i on , h owev er, i t p res en t s

n o bas i s fo r rev ers al

. Ou r rev iew o f t h e reco rd s h ows t h at al th o u g h th e t ri al co u rt d id

n o t m ak e s p eci fi c fi n d in g s reg ard i n g wh et her th e p ro b at i v e val u e o f t h e p ri o r cri m es

was o ut wei g h ed b y

i t s p reju d i ci al i m

p act , i t ex p l i ci t l y referen ced t h e b al an ci n g t es t

an d no t ed t hat “ t h e ev id en ce m u s t s at i s fy Ru l e 4 0 3

. ” Th u s , b y ad m i t t i n g t h e ev i d en ce,

t h e t ri al co u rt i m

p l i ci tl y fo u n d t hat t h e ev i d en ce was ad m i ss i b l e p u rs u an t t o t h i s t es t

. 3 0

Fu rt h er,

i t i s o n l y u n

f a i r p reju d i ce, s u b s t a nt i a l l y o u t wei g h in g pro b at i v e val u e,

wh i ch p erm i t s ex cl u si o n o f rel ev an t m at t er. As we h av e n o t ed , OCGA

§ 2 4 -4 -4 0 3 o ffers an ex t rao rd i n ary rem ed y t hat m u s t be u s ed s p ari n g l y

2 9 (Ci t at io n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t ted .) Hu n t v. S t a t e , 3 3 6 Ga. Ap p

. 8 2 1

, 8 2 9 (2 ) (7 8 3 SE2 d 4 5 6 ) (2 0 1 6 ), q uo t i n g Ma xwel l v

. S t a t e , 29 0 Ga. 5 7 4

, 5 7 5 (2 ) (7 2 2 SE2 d

7 6 3 ) (2 0 1 2 ).

3 0 See Ch as e v. S t a t e , 3 3 7 Ga. Ap p. 4 4 9, 4 5 5 (3 ) (a) (7 8 7 SE2 d 8 0 2 ) (2 0 1 6 ).

17b ecau s e i t res u l ts i n t h e ex cl u s i o n o f co n ced ed l y p ro b at i v e ev id en ce. In

cl o s e cas es , t h e b al an ce i s s tru ck i n fav o r o f ad m i s s i b il i t y

. 3 1

Ag ai n , En t w i s l e has n o t o ffered an y s p eci fi c arg u m en t reg ard i n g t he p reju d i ci al

i m p act o f t he ev i d e n c e, 3 2 fai l i n g to m eet h i s b urd en o f s h owi n g an ab u s e o f

d i s cret i o n

. 3 3 Fi n al l y , E n t wi s l e h as fai l ed t o es t ab l i s h t h at ad m i s s i o n o f t h e p ri o r c r im es

was n o t h arm l es s i n l i gh t of t h e s t ro n g ev i d en ce ad m it t ed at t ri al th at h e co m m i t t ed

t h e cri m es fo r wh i ch h e was co n v i ct ed

. 3 4

3 1 (Fo o t n o t e and punc tua tion om i tte d; e m p h as i s i n o ri gi n al .) Id

., q uo t i n g W i l so n v. S t a t e , 3 3 6 Ga. Ap p . 6 0

, 6 3 (2 ) (b ) (7 8 3 SE2 d 6 6 2 ) (2 0 1 6 ).

3 2 Al t h ou g h En t wi s le l i s t s an d an al y zes m u l t i p l e cas es ad d res si n g p reju d i ce in

t h i s co n t ex t

, h e fai l s t o t i e t h em i n an y way t o t h e pri o r act s i n t h i s cas e, wh i ch h e al s o fai l s t o i d en t i fy

wi t h an y s p eci fi ci t y

.

3 3 See Hu n t , 3 3 6 Ga. Ap p. at 8 2 9 (2 ).

3 4 See Ho o d v. S t a t e , 2 9 9 Ga. 9 5

, 1 0 5 -1 0 6 (4 ) (7 8 6 SE2 d 6 4 8 ) (2 0 1 6 ) (ad m i s s i o n o f ev i d en ce o f p ri or cri m es was h arm l es s be c a u s e “ t h e ev i d en ce t h at [a] p pel lan t co m

m it t ed t h e cri m es fo r wh i ch he was co n v i ct ed was s t ro n g, m ak i n g i t
h i g h l y u n l i k el y t h at t he j u ry co n v i ct e d h i m b as ed o n [t h e p ri o r cri m es ] ”), ci t i n g Peo pl es v. S t a t e , 2 95 Ga. 44

, 5 5 (7 5 7 SE2 d 6 4 6 ) (2 01 4 ) ; Li n go v. St a t e , 3 2 9 Ga. Ap p. 5 2 8, 533 ( 765 S E 2d 6 96) ( 2 0 1 4 ) (p h y si cal preced en t on l y ) (fi nd i n g h arm les s ev i d en ce ad m i t t ed i n v i o l at i on o f OCGA § 2 4 -4 -4 0 4 be c a u s e o f s t ro n g ev id en ce t h at t h e d efen d an t co m

m i t t ed t h e ch arg ed cri m es ).

183

. En t w i sl e co n t en d s t h at t h e ev i den ce w as i n s u ffi ci en t t o s u p p o rt h i s

co n vi ct i o n fo r fi rs t d eg ree b u rg l ary o f M cCrary ’ s h o m e. 3 5 W e d i s ag ree.

O C G A § 1 6 -7 -1 (b ) p ro v i d es i n rel ev an t p art t hat “ [a] p ers on co m m i t s t h e

o ffen s e of bu rg l ary i n t h e fi rs t d eg ree wh en , wi t h o u t au t h o ri t y an d wi t h th e i n t en t to

co m m i t a fel o n y o r t h eft t h erei n , h e

. . . en t ers o r rem ai n s wi t h i n a n o ccu p i ed

,

u n o ccu p i ed , o r v acan t d wel l i ng h o u s e o f an o th er. . . .”

En t wi s l e co n ten d s t h a t t h e St at e fai l ed t o p ro v e t h at h e en t ered t h e b u i l d i n g

b as ed u p o n M cCrary ’ s t ri al t es t i m o n y t hat t h e p ers o n w h o b ro k e t h e g l as s “ d i d n ’ t g et

i n t o t h e h o u s e. Th ey

. . . ju st b ro k e t h e wi n d o w.” Th i s arg um en t i s m eri t les s

.

Th e ev id en ce s up p o rt ed a fi n d i n g t h at En t wi s l e, wi t h o u t au t h o ri t y , en t ered t h e

wo rk s h o p at t he b ack o f M cCrary ’ s p ro p ert y an d t o o k m

u lt i pl e i t em s , an d h e b ro k e

t h e g l as s o n t h e d o o r l ead i n g fro m t h e pat i o t o t h e garag e o f M c C r a r y’s o ccu p i ed

h o m e , b u t t h e do o r was l o ck ed wi t h a d ead b o lt an d co u l d n o t b e o pen ed w i t h o u t a

k ey

. Vi ewi n g t h e e v i d en ce i n a l i g h t m o s t fav o rab l e t o t h e v erd ict

, t h ere was

s u ffi ci en t ev id en ce fro m wh i ch a rat i o nal t ri er o f fact co u l d fi n d b ey o n d a reas o n ab l e

3 5 En t wi sl e ch al l en g es h i s co n v i ct i on o n Co u nt 3, wh i ch ch arg ed hi m w i t h fi rs t
d eg ree b u rg lary o f M cCrary ’ s h o m e. Co u n t 4 ch arg ed En t w i s le wi t h s eco n d d eg ree b u rg lary o f M cCrary ’ s wo rk s h o p ; En t wi s l e was fo u n d g u i l t y o n Co u n t 4

, b u t i t was

m erg ed wi th Co u n t 3 at s en t en ci n g

.

19d o u b t th at E n t wi s l e “ ‘ [b ro k e] t h e pl an e o f th e s t ru ct u re wi t h t h e in t en t t o s teal o r wi th

t h e i n t en t t o co m

m i t a fel o ny

t h erei n .’ ” 3 6

Ju d g men t a f f i r med in p a rt a n d r ever

s ed i n p a r t

. A n d

r ews a n d Ra

y, JJ., co n cu r

.

3 6 Mea d o ws v. S ta t e , 2 6 4 Ga. Ap p

. 1 60

, 1 6 4 (3 ) (5 9 0 SE2 d 1 73 ) (2 0 0 3), ci t i n g Hewa t t v. S t a t e , 2 1 6 Ga. A p p

. 5 5 0

, 55 1 (4 5 5 SE2 d 1 04 ) (1 9 9 5 ) (d e f e n d a n t en t ered

v i ct i m ’ s h o m e b y “ b reak i n g t h e p l an e” wh en h e at tem p t ed to crawl i n a wi n d ow);

Mu l li n n ix v. St at e , 1 7 7 Ga. Ap p

. 1 6 8

, 1 6 9 (3 3 8 SE2 d 7 5 2 ) (1 9 8 5) (d efen d an t “ [b ro k e]

t h e p l an e” o f a b ui ld i n g wh en h e reach ed t h ro u g h a d o or k n ob h o l e t o rem o v e a n al arm d ev i ce wi t h i n t en t t o st eal ). See al s o Ken t v. S t a t e , 84 Ga. 4 3 8

, 4 3 9 (1 1 SE 3 5 5 ) (1 8 8 9) (“ [A] n en t ry b y t u rn i n g a b o l t

, n o t m ad e fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f l awfu l b u s i n es s ,

n o r wi t h in b u s i n es s h o u rs , i s an en t ry b y b reak i n g.”).

20