FY 2025 Budget Request Agency Summary

AGENCY FACT SHEET

($ in Billions) FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029

NASA Budget 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.9 26.4 26.9 27.5

FY 2023 reflects the funding amount specified in Public Law 117-328, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, as 

revised in NASA's FY 2023 final Operating Plan, September 2023. Amounts include $8 million that was transferred 

to NASA's Information Technology Modernization Working Capital Fund.

A full-year 2024 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, the 

budget assumes this account is operating under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of P.L. 117- 

328, as amended). The amounts included for 2024 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Totals may not add due to rounding.

The President’s Fiscal Year 2025 Budget Request for NASA is $25.4 billion. With this 

proposed budget, NASA will fund the following efforts: 

Agency Highlights 

• Invests $7.8 billion to build on the success of Artemis I and return American astronauts to

the Moon, including the first woman and first person of color, as part of the overall Artemis

campaign; establish a sustainable lunar presence; and lay the groundwork for humanity’s

first crewed mission to Mars. This request supports activities related to Artemis missions II

through XII, including the launches of Artemis II in 2025, Artemis III in 2026, and Artemis

IV in 2028.

• Invests $4.4 billion to sustain human presence in low-Earth orbit (LEO) with operations of

the International Space Station (ISS) until 2030 and then a transition to the use of

commercial space stations thereafter. This includes $109 million for a U.S. deorbit vehicle

that will enable the safe and responsible deorbit of the ISS at the end of this decade; and

$170 million for U.S. industry to develop commercial LEO destinations that enable a

continuous presence in LEO.

• Advances space technology research and development with $1.2 billion. With this

investment in technology and innovation, the budget request will advance mission

capabilities and technologies needed to grow the commercial space economy and support

NASA’s missions, including integrated Moon to Mars efforts, through strategic partnerships,

and leveraging early- stage innovators.

• Includes $7.6 billion to conduct scientific exploration enabled by space-based

observatories, which observe the Earth, perform fundamental research, visit other

bodies in the solar system, and gaze out into the galaxy and beyond.

• Continues investments in Earth science and green aviation that will protect our home

planet. Specifically, this request proposes $2.4 billion to fund Earth science and

observations that enhance our understanding of the Earth system and continues efforts to

make data more accessible and useful to a wide range of stakeholders, including

scientists and policymakers. This request also includes over $500 million in Aeronautics

to improve aircraft efficiency and reduce the climate impact of aviation.

• Broadens and diversifies student participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) with $143.5 million for the Office of STEM Engagement to inspire and
FY 2025 Budget Request Agency Summary

AGENCY FACT SHEET

develop the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers.

• Invests $3.5 billion in NASA’s workforce and infrastructure including the vital functions

that underpin the success of our missions, including NASA’s facilities, information 

technology, core business, and technical services.

• Demonstrates NASA’s commitment to advancing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and 

Accessibility (DEIA) throughout the workforce with a request of $22.4 million.

• Invests $41.2 million for space sustainability to better understand and mitigate the hazard of 

orbital debris.

Deep Space Exploration Systems - $7.6 billion

• $4.2 billion for Moon to Mars Transportation Systems (formerly Common Exploration Systems 

Development) to support lunar missions, with $1.0 billion to build Orion capsules for Artemis, 

$2.4 billion for the Space Launch System, and $758.8 million for Exploration Ground Systems, 

including Mobile Launcher-2.

• $3.2 billion for Moon to Mars Lunar System Development (formerly Artemis Campaign 

Development) to advance lunar exploration capabilities, with $1.8 billion for the Human Landing 

System program to develop and deploy multiple landing systems, $817.7 million for the 

Gateway, $434.2 million for space suits and lunar rovers, and $140.2 million for Advanced

Exploration Systems for future lunar surface habitats.

• $117.1 million for Human Exploration Requirements and Architecture to support Moon and Mars 

strategy and architecture development, with $45.9 million for Future Systems to identify 

technologies as a precursor to Mars and $71.2 million for Strategy and Architecture to support 

requirements and manifest planning.

Space Operations - $4.4 billion

• $1.3 billion for ISS operations and research to continue leveraging the multi-national space 

platform to conduct research, identify risks to human health, test exploration technologies, and 

support the growth of a commercial economy in LEO. The ISS budget decreases in the outyears 

to support an increase in funding for the Commercial LEO Development program and for 

commercial development of the United States Deorbit Vehicle (USDV) that will safely de-orbit 

ISS at the end of operations.

• $1.9 billion for Space Transportation to continue NASA’s partnership with the U.S. commercial 

space industry to operate safe, reliable, and affordable systems to transport crew and cargo to and 

from the ISS, including $109 million in funding for the USDV.

• $1.1 billion for Space and Flight Support to enable safe, reliable, and productive human space 

exploration, including funding to provide mission-critical space communications; provide launch 

and test services; and conduct astronaut training and research into the health of humans living 

and working in space.

• $170 million for Commercial LEO Development to partner with the U.S. commercial space

industry to develop and deploy commercial space stations in LEO.

Space Technology - $1.2 billion

• $459 million for Technology Demonstration for ground and space flight testing, including a 

collaboration with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to advance 
FY 2025 Budget Request Agency Summary

AGENCY FACT SHEET

nuclear propulsion technologies; conducting two Cryogenic Fluid Management technology flight 

demonstrations; maturing and developing Fission Surface Power and Solar Electric Propulsion; 

and increasing the pace of space exploration with small spacecraft and flight opportunities. 

Funding for these technology demonstration missions is in part made possible by the close-out of

OSAM-1.

• $341 million for Technology Maturation to advance revolutionary disruptive space technologies 

at mid-technology readiness levels in space transportation; entry, descent, and landing; in-situ

resource utilization; power and energy storage; materials and structures; and robotic systems for 

sustainable exploration.

• $140 million for Early-Stage Innovation and Partnerships that source ideas from a broad, diverse 

base of innovators, and transfer space technology into the space economy.

• $242 million for Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer 

to develop new technologies, drive investments in small businesses, and spur economic growth.

Science - $7.6 billion

• The request for Science invests in over 125 space science missions, including 54 that are 

currently preparing for launch and approximately 70 in operation. This request also funds U.S. 

scientists in universities, industry, and government labs through more than 4,000 openly 

competed research awards.

• $2.7 billion for Planetary Science to support innovative approaches to exploring new destinations 

in the solar system. This request continues development of numerous other missions, including 

the NEO Surveyor mission to detect potentially hazardous asteroids, the Dragonfly mission to 

explore a moon of Saturn, Europa Clipper which explores the icy moon of Jupiter, the VERITAS 

and DAVINCI missions to Venus, and contributions to the joint European EnVision mission to 

Venus, and Rosalind Franklin mission to Mars. The request also supports the Commercial Lunar 

Payload Services (CLPS) project to deliver scientific, exploration, and technology payloads to the 

Moon. The request includes $200M for Mars Sample Return that will allow the project to 

advance formulation of mission components and capabilities that have a high likelihood of being 

used in any future sample return architecture, and to evaluate and appropriately incorporate 

relevant findings from funded industry and center architecture studies.

• $2.4 billion for Earth Science to enhance understanding of the Earth system through continued 

investment in a broad portfolio of missions including Surface Biology and Geology, 

GRACE-Continuity, Landsat Next, and others; initiate the first Earth System Explorers mission; 

support the ongoing development of multiple innovative Venture Class missions; implement the 

Responsive Science Initiatives program, which consolidates and enhances current activities 

within Earth Science to increase the impact of NASA-funded observations and Earth system 

science; and continue robust support for research and applications related to wildland fire 

management and agriculture.

• $1.6 billion for Astrophysics to revolutionize our understanding of the origins and evolution of 

galaxies by supporting operation of the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space 

Telescope, as well as the development of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, a mission 

designed to unravel the secrets of dark energy and dark matter and to search for and image 

exoplanets; develop the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of 

Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx); support initial selections for the first Astrophysics 
FY 2025 Budget Request Agency Summary

AGENCY FACT SHEET

Probe mission; and initiate important investments in precursor science, mission, and technology 

maturation efforts for a potential future Habitable Worlds Observatory, a Decadal Survey

recommendation.

• $787 million for Heliophysics to study the Sun and its influence throughout the solar system, 

including the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) and the Carruthers Geocorona 

Observatory; support the competitive Explorer Program including recently selected missions 

Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) and HelioSwarm; expand the Space Weather Program focused 

on applied research and applications to enable the nation to better protect our technology and 

astronauts from space weather; continue the Diversify, Realize, Integrate, Venture, Educate 

(DRIVE) research initiative; and support orbital debris investments to enable characterization of 

the population of small debris in space.

• $91 million for Biological and Physical Sciences to better understand how biological and

physical systems work from the unique vantage point of space and to develop transformative 

research capabilities with the commercial space industry to dramatically increase the pace of 

space-based research.

Aeronautics Research - $966 million

• $279 million for Advanced Air Vehicles to develop technologies and concepts that enable new 

generations of civil aircraft that are safer, faster, more energy-efficient, and have a smaller 

environmental footprint; demonstrate integrated small core aircraft engine technologies; develop 

techniques for high-rate manufacturing of composite structures; and advance long-term 

opportunities for supersonic and hypersonic flight.

• $264 million for Integrated Aviation Systems to explore, assess, and demonstrate the benefits of 

the most promising technologies at an integrated system level, including in flight; develop 

Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstrations and a Sustainable Flight Demonstrator that will 

pave the way to reducing aviation emissions; and conduct test flights of the X-59 Low Boom 

Flight Demonstrator exploring quiet supersonic flight.

• $151 million for Airspace Operations and Safety to modernize and transform the national air 

traffic management system, in partnership with the Federal Aviation Administration and the 

aviation community; develop and explore advanced technologies for more efficient flight 

trajectories; lead research to integrate new advanced air mobility vehicles safely into the national

airspace; provide tools to support in-time system-wide safety assurance; and develop a concept of

operations to improve aerial responses to wildfires.

• $155 million for Transformative Aeronautics Concepts to support revolutionary aviation concepts 

development with opportunities focused on reducing aviation emissions, new computational

tools, and experimental capability advancement.

• $116 million for Aerosciences Evaluation and Test Capabilities, supporting NASA’s 12 large 

wind tunnels across three centers.

STEM Engagement - $144 million

• NASA’s STEM engagement efforts will focus on broadening student participation, continuing 

K-12 student engagement in STEM pathways, and building partnerships and networks to magnify 

reach and impact. Investments include: $57 million for Space Grant, $24.8 million for 

Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), $46.3 million for Minority 
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AGENCY FACT SHEET

University Research and Education Project (MUREP), and $15.4 million for Next Gen STEM.

Safety, Security and Mission Services (SSMS) - $3.0 billion

• $2.1 billion for Mission Services and Capabilities to advance NASA’s Information Technology, 

Mission Enabling Services, and Infrastructure and Technical Capabilities. These programs will 

provide agency-wide business, technical, and infrastructure services that enable NASA's 

ambitious mission portfolio to help maintain U.S. leadership in space, aviation, science, and 

technology. This request includes critical funding for high priority areas such as managing 

cybersecurity risk and leveraging the innovation of Artificial Intelligence while ensuring our 

systems are safe and secure.

• $1.0 billion for Engineering, Safety, and Operations for nine NASA Centers, Headquarters, and 

component facilities. Center Engineering, Safety, and Operations ensures NASA's unique, 

technical, and innovative capabilities are mission ready. Through the Agency Technical 

Authority program, this funding provides independent oversight over NASA’s missions and 

programs to ensure the health, safety, and security of NASA people and property as well as the

public.

Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration (CECR) - $424 million

• $424.1 million to ensure agency infrastructure, laboratories, and critical facilities are safe, 

secure, environmentallysound, appropriately sized, efficiently operated, and

mission-ready.