Opinion filed November 27, 2019

In The

Eleventh Court of Appeals 

__________

No. 11-17-00350-CR

__________

JOHNNY WAYNE ROBERTSON, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 441st District Court

Midland County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. CR45429

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

The State charged Johnny Wayne Robertson with capital murder in 

connection with the death of Jennifer Sockey. The jury convicted Appellant of the 

lesser included offense of murder and assessed punishment at confinement for 

ninety-nine years. We affirm.

Appellant raises two issues on appeal. First, Appellant challenges the 

sufficiency of the evidence to support the conviction. Second, Appellant contends 

that counsel for the State made improper remarks during jury argument.
2

Appellant and Sockey were in a romantic relationship and lived together in 

Sockey’s small house in Midland. Testimony at trial characterized their relationship 

as “abusive.” Appellant and Sockey often drank and then had arguments that ended

in Appellant’s becoming violent. Sockey’s neighbors testified that they had seen

bruises on Sockey after she and Appellant had been in an argument; the neighbors 

had called the police on Sockey’s behalf on multiple occasions.

Merisa Mireles, one of Sockey’s neighbors, testified that, on one occasion,

she had heard “bickering and fighting and yelling” coming from Sockey’s residence

and that she ran outside to see what was happening. Sockey’s front door was open, 

and she was standing in the living room just inside the front door. Appellant was 

standing outside the front door next to a small charcoal grill that had a fire burning 

in it. Mireles saw Appellant grab the grill and hurl it through the front door and into 

the living room where Sockey was standing. Mireles called the police and got

Sockey out of the house. Mireles testified that Sockey was crying and “just kept 

repeating, ‘He’s trying to kill me. . . . I’m telling y’all, he’s trying to kill me. 

Nobody believes me.’”

Around six months later, Officer Zackary Owens with the Midland Police 

Department responded to a call that there was a structure fire at Sockey’s address. 

When he arrived, the house “was fully engulfed in flames.” He and another officer 

then “attempted to make contact with anybody inside but were unsuccessful.” 

Midland Fire Department Captain Preston Wright found Sockey inside the burning 

home; Sockey was dead.

After the fire had been extinguished, Detective David Olvera sent officers to 

locate Appellant, who was absent from the scene. The officers found Appellant 

asleep in a draw under a nearby bridge. Appellant appeared to be heavily 

intoxicated, and the hair on his arms was singed.
3

The officers took Appellant to the scene of the fire. After the officers and 

Appellant arrived there, the officers arrested Appellant on an existing warrant and 

took him to the police department.

Detective Olvera testified that he conducted an interview with Appellant after 

the fire. During the interview, Appellant initially claimed that he was trying to cook 

dinner for Sockey. Appellant suggested that, when he lit the grill to warm up the 

water for Ramen noodles, “he could have stepped on the lighter fluid and spilled 

some charcoal over it.” Later in the interview, however, Appellant admitted that he 

intentionally started the fire. Appellant told Detective Olvera that he started the fire 

because he wanted to get back at Sockey.

In his first issue, Appellant asserts that the evidence was legally and factually 

insufficient to convict him of murder. We note that there is no longer any distinction 

between the legal and factual sufficiency standards of review. Brooks v. State, 323 

S.W.3d 893, 894–95 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010); Polk v. State, 337 S.W.3d 286, 289 

(Tex. App.—Eastland 2010, pet. ref’d) (“Accordingly, a challenge to the factual 

sufficiency of the evidence is no longer viable.”). Thus, whether styled as a factual 

or legal insufficiency point, we apply the Jackson v. Virginia standard in determining 

whether the evidence is sufficient to support each element of a criminal offense.

Polk, 337 S.W.3d at 288–89 (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979)); see

Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 895.

Under the Jackson v. Virginia standard, we review all the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could 

have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.

Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. We measure the sufficiency of the evidence by “the 

elements of the offense as defined by the hypothetically correct jury charge” for the 

case. Morgan v. State, 501 S.W.3d 84, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016); Malik v. State, 

953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).
4

The jury is the sole judge of the credibility and weight to be attached to the 

testimony of witnesses and may draw reasonable inferences from the facts, so long 

as the evidence presented at trial supports those inferences. Temple v. State, 390 

S.W.3d 341, 360 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (citing Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319). When 

the evidence contains facts that support conflicting inferences, “we presume that the 

jury resolved the conflicts in favor of the verdict and therefore defer to that 

determination.” Id. (citing Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326).

Appellant claims that Sockey’s level of intoxication led to her death and that 

the fire was the result of an accident; he therefore argues that a rational trier of fact 

could not have found the essential elements of murder beyond a reasonable doubt. 

We disagree.

We will first consider Appellant’s claim that the evidence was insufficient to 

show that the fire caused Sockey’s death. As an element of murder, the State had to 

prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Sockey died as a result of Appellant’s starting 

the fire in her home. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(3) (West 2019).

Evidence at trial established that Sockey drank often and that she was very 

intoxicated at the time of her death. Dr. Marc Krouse, the Tarrant County Chief 

Deputy Medical Examiner, performed an autopsy on Sockey. He testified that 

Sockey’s blood alcohol concentration was at 0.215 when she died. Using the 0.08

standard for driving while intoxicated in Texas as a point of comparison, Dr. Krouse 

described Sockey’s blood alcohol concentration level as being very high and 

indicated that the average person would be stumbling at that level. When asked 

whether a blood alcohol level of 0.215 could itself suffice to actually cause death, 

Dr. Krouse testified that it could not. On cross-examination, Dr. Krouse testified 

that a blood alcohol concentration as high as Sockey’s could play “a minor 

contributing role,” though it would not be a cause of death.
5

However, Dr. Krouse also testified that the level of carbon monoxide he 

detected in Sockey would itself suffice to actually cause death. In fact, based on the 

autopsy, Dr. Krouse determined Sockey’s cause of death to be “inhalation of smoke 

and carbon monoxide due to the residence fire.” He testified ultimately that even a 

person in perfect health could not survive the level of carbon monoxide saturation 

detected in Sockey as a result of the fire.

We will next consider Appellant’s contention that his accidentally causing the 

fire that killed Sockey does not establish proof of murder beyond a reasonable doubt. 

In order to convict Appellant of murder as charged in this case, the State had to prove 

beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant started the fire with the intent to destroy 

or damage Sockey’s home. See PENAL §§ 19.02(b)(3), 28.02(a).

The jury heard evidence on Appellant’s claim that the fire started as an 

accident. As we have noted, Appellant originally told Detective Olvera that he was 

trying to cook dinner for Sockey. Appellant claimed that “he could have stepped on 

the lighter fluid and spilled some charcoal over it.” Later in the interview, however, 

Appellant admitted to intentionally starting the fire and told Detective Olvera that 

he did so because he wanted to get back at Sockey.

We have reviewed the record and the evidence in the light most favorable to 

the verdict of the jury, and we conclude that the evidence is sufficient to support 

Appellant’s conviction. We overrule Appellant’s first issue.

In his second issue, Appellant contends that certain remarks made by the State 

in its closing jury arguments during both the guilt/innocence and punishment phases 

of trial were improper. According to Appellant, the State exceeded permissible 

limits during its closing, made unfair arguments to the jury, and apparently sought 

to bring the jurors into the case as future possible victims.

Although Appellant points to several statements made by the prosecutor 

during closing arguments, he did not object to any of those statements at trial. The 
6

State maintains that Appellant has therefore failed to preserve his complaint for 

appellate review. We agree. Failure to object to remarks made during jury argument 

results in forfeiture of the right to complain about the remarks on appeal. Cockrell v. 

State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); see Archie v. State, 221 S.W.3d 

695, 699 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (“To preserve error in prosecutorial argument, a 

defendant must pursue to an adverse ruling his objections to jury argument.”). We 

overrule Appellant’s second issue.

We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

JIM R. WRIGHT

SENIOR CHIEF JUSTICE

November 27, 2019

Do not publish. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Panel consists of: Bailey, C.J.,

Stretcher, J., and Wright, S.C.J.1

Willson, J., not participating.

 

1

Jim R. Wright, Senior Chief Justice (Retired), Court of Appeals, 11th District of Texas at Eastland, 

sitting by assignment.