RENDERED: MARCH 22, 2024; 10:00 A.M.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky

Court of Appeals

NO. 2023-CA-0731-MR

MARY ROSS APPELLANT 

v. 

APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT

HONORABLE DENISE D. BROWN, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 15-CI-502860

WILLIAM ROSS APPELLEE 

OPINION

REVERSING AND REMANDING

**   **  **

BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; ACREE AND CALDWELL, JUDGES.

THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE: Mary Ross appeals from orders of the Jefferson 

Circuit Court which awarded her $500 in attorney fees. Appellant argues that she 

was entitled to a larger award of attorney fees. After reviewing Appellant’s 

arguments and the law, we agree that Appellant is entitled to a larger award of 

attorney fees; therefore, we reverse and remand.
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FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Appellant and William Ross were divorced in 2015. As part of their 

divorce decree, the court incorporated by reference the parties’ marital settlement 

agreement. That agreement awarded Appellant $1,000 per month in maintenance. 

The settlement agreement also required any party who defaulted on the terms of 

the agreement to pay the costs and attorney fees for the other party seeking to 

enforce the terms. Over the years, Appellee began to fall behind on his 

maintenance payments and accrued an arrearage. 

On January 17, 2023, Appellant moved to hold Appellee in contempt 

for continuing to fall into arrears on his maintenance payments. The motion also 

requested she be awarded attorney fees. A hearing was set for March 23, 2023. In 

February of 2023, Appellant propounded upon Appellee discovery requests, which 

Appellee failed to respond to. Appellant then filed a motion to compel, which was 

granted. Appellee still failed to comply with the discovery request. Appellant then 

filed a motion seeking sanctions against Appellee for failing to answer her 

discovery requests in violation of the court’s order. This motion also sought an 

award of attorney fees. Appellant’s trial counsel filed an affidavit with the court 

outlining the amount of time he has spent on the case and the amount of attorney 

fees Appellant had accrued. Appellant had incurred $5,920 in attorney fees since 
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the January motion for contempt. In addition, $1,400 of that amount was directly 

related to Appellee’s failure to answer discovery.

At the March 23 hearing, Appellee appeared telephonically and 

without representation. He admitted he had not been paying Appellant the full 

amount of his maintenance obligation. He also acknowledged that the settlement 

agreement allowed Appellant to seek attorney fees from him. 

On April 11, 2023, the trial court entered an order which found that 

Appellee’s arrearage was $28,444.03. The court awarded Appellant a judgment 

against Appellee in that amount. The court also awarded Appellant $500 in 

attorney fees. On April 20, 2023, Appellant filed a motion to alter or amend and 

requested the court increase the amount of attorney fees she was awarded. The

court declined to increase the attorney fee award and this appeal followed. 

ANALYSIS

We must first address the fact that Appellee did not file a brief. 

Kentucky Rules of Appellate Procedure (RAP) 31(H)(3) states:

If the appellee’s brief has not been filed within the time 

allowed, the court may: (a) accept the appellant’s 

statement of the facts and issues as correct; (b) reverse 

the judgment if appellant’s brief reasonably appears to 

sustain such action; or (c) regard the appellee’s failure as 

a confession of error and reverse the judgment without 

considering the merits of the case.
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What sanctions to impose, if any, are left to our discretion. F.E. v. E.B., 641 

S.W.3d 700, 705 (Ky. App. 2022). In this case, we choose to review the issue on 

appeal based on the merits.

Appellant raises one issue on appeal: whether the court erred by only 

awarding her $500 in attorney fees. We review a trial court’s decision regarding 

the award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. Sexton v. Sexton, 125 S.W.3d 

258, 272 (Ky. 2004). “The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial judge’s 

decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal 

principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999). 

We believe the trial court erred in its award of attorney fees because 

of the terms of the marital settlement agreement. Kentucky Revised Statutes 

(KRS) 403.180 states in relevant part:

(1) To promote amicable settlement of disputes between 

parties to a marriage attendant upon their separation or 

the dissolution of their marriage, the parties may enter 

into a written separation agreement containing provisions 

for maintenance of either of them, disposition of any 

property owned by either of them, and custody, support

and visitation of their children.

(2) In a proceeding for dissolution of marriage or for 

legal separation, the terms of the separation agreement, 

except those providing for the custody, support, and 

visitation of children, are binding upon the court unless it 

finds, after considering the economic circumstances of 

the parties and any other relevant evidence produced by 

the parties, on their own motion or on request of the 

court, that the separation agreement is unconscionable.
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. . . 

(5) Terms of the agreement set forth in the decree are 

enforceable by all remedies available for enforcement of 

a judgment, including contempt, and are enforceable as 

contract terms.

Here, the court found that the settlement agreement was not unconscionable and 

incorporated it into the divorce decree. 

Settlement agreements “are a type of contract and therefore are 

governed by contract law[.]” Frear v. P.T.A. Industries, Inc., 103 S.W.3d 99, 105 

(Ky. 2003) (internal quotation marks, footnote, and citation omitted). “It is well 

established that construction and interpretation of a written instrument are 

questions of law for the court. We review questions of lawde novo and, thus, 

without deference to the interpretation afforded by the circuit court.” Cinelli v. 

Ward, 997 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Ky. App. 1998) (citations omitted).

The settlement agreement states:

The parties agree that in the event either party defaults or 

breaches any of his or her respective obligations and 

duties as contained in this agreement, then the defaulting 

or breaching party shall be responsible for and pay to the 

injured party, in addition to such other damages as any 

court may award, all of his or her attorneys’ fees, court 

costs, and other related expenses incurred to enforce the 

provisions contained herein against the defaulting party.

After reviewing the terms of the settlement agreement and KRS 403.180(2), which 

requires that those terms be binding upon the court, we conclude that the trial court 
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abused its discretion in only awarding Appellant $500. The settlement agreement 

is clear in that it requires the party who breached the agreement to pay the costs 

and attorney fees of the injured party. Here, Appellee violated the settlement 

agreement by not paying his maintenance obligation. Appellant then incurred 

attorney fees trying to recover the money she was entitled to. Furthermore, there 

was no finding that awarding Appellant attorney fees was unconscionable or 

overburdensome to Appellee. Appellant is entitled to her reasonable attorney fees.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, we reverse and remand for additional 

proceedings. On remand, the trial court shall determine Appellant’s reasonable 

attorney fees that she incurred in trying to collect the maintenance money owed to 

her. Appellant is entitled to recover those fees based on the terms of the settlement 

agreement.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:

Jason A. Bowman

Louisville, Kentucky

NO BRIEF FOR APPELLEE.