### IN THE CO URT OF CR IMINAL APPEALS OF T ENN ESSEE AT NASHVILL E Ass ig ne d o n B rie fs Nov em be r 10 , 20 10

STATE OF TENNESS EE v . VERONICA LYNN FLOYD

D i r e c t A p p e a l f

r o m t h e C i r c u i t C o u r t f o r B e d f o r d C o u n t y N o
. 1 6 8 6 5 L e e R u s s e l l , J u d g e

N o
. M 2 0 1 0

- 0 0 1 7 7

- C C A

- R 3

- C D

- F i l e d D e c e m b e r 8 , 2 0 1 0

T h e d e f en d an t, V ero n ica L y

n n F lo y d

, p led g u ilty in th e B ed f o rd C o u n ty C ircu it C o u rt to th ree co u n ts o f th ef

t o f p ro p erty o v er $ 1 0 ,0 0 0
, C lass C f elo n ies, an d o n e co u n t o f th ef t o f
p ro p erty o v er $ 1 0 0 0
, a C lass D f elo n y

. S h e w as se n t e n ced as a R an g e I o f f en d er to f iv e y ears o n each o f th e th ef t o v er $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 co n v ictio n s, w i t h t w o o f th e co u n ts to b e serv ed

co n cu rren tly an d o n e co u n t co n secu tiv ely to th e o th ers , an d th ree y ears o n th e th ef t o v er $ 1 0 0 0 co n v ictio n , to b e serv ed co n secu tiv ely to th e o th er co u n ts, f o r a to tal ef

f ectiv e

sen ten ce o f th irteen y ears. T h e d ef en d an t w as o rd ered to serv e n in e m o n th s o f h er sen ten ce in th e co u n ty j ail w ith th e rem ain in g term o n co m m u n ity co rrectio n s. O n ap p eal, sh e arg u es th at th e trial co u rt im

p o sed an ex cessiv e sen ten ce. A f ter rev iew , w e af

f irm th e j u d g m en ts

o f th e trial co u rt.

T e n n
. R

. A p p
. P

. 3 A p p e a l a s o f R i g h t ; J u d g m e n t s o f t h e C i r c u i t C o u r t A f f i r m e d

A LA N E

. G LE N N , J

. , d e l i v e r e d t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e C o u r t , i n w h i c h T H O M A S T

. W O O D A LL a n d
J A M E S C U R W O O D W IT T , J R

. , J J

. , j o i n e d

.

G r e g o r y D

. S m i t h

, C l a r k s v i l l e , T e n n e s s e e ( o n a p p e a l ) ; a n d M i c h a e l J

. C o l l i n s , A s s i s t a n t P u b l i c D e f

e n d e r ( a t t r i a l )

, f

o r t h e a p p e l l a n t , V e r o n i c a L y n n F l o y d

.

R o b e r t E

. C o o p e r , J r

. , A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l a n d R e p o r t e r ; C l a r k B

. T h o r n t o n , A s s i s t a n t A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l ; C h a r l e s F r a n k C r a w f o r d

, J r

. , D i s t r i c t A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l ; a n d M i c h a e l D

. R a n d l e s , A s s i s t a n t D i s t r i c t A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l

, f o r t h e a p p e l l e e , S t a t e o f T e n n e s s e e

.

O P I N I O N

F A C T S

T h e d ef en d an t w as in d icted o n f

o u r co u n ts o f th ef

t o f p ro p erty

. C o u n ts o n e, tw o an dth ree alleg ed th at th e d ef en d an t ap p ro p riated $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o re b u t less th an $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 f ro m th e v ictim “o n d iv ers[ e] d ay s” in 2 0 0 6
, 2 0 0 7
, an d 2 0 0 8
, re s p e c t i v e l y

. C o u n t f o u r alleg ed th at th e d ef

en d an t ap p ro p riated $ 1 0 0 0 o r mo r e b u t less th an $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 f ro m th e v ictim “o n d iv ers[ e] d ay s” in 2 0 0 9

. T h e u n d erly in g f acts o f th e case w ere su m m arized b y th e S tate at th e g u ilty p lea h earin g as f

o llo w s:

T h e v ictim in th is c a s e i s a g en tlem en n am ed B o b b y K irk

. H e’s an eld erly g en tlem en w h o , I b eliev e, is also d isab led

. . . . [ H e] m ay h av e s o m e b eg in n in g stag es o f A lzh eim er’s, th in g s lik e th at. H e liv es h ere in B ed f o rd C o u n ty

.

S o m e y ear s a go, t

he def en d an t b ecam e, essen tially

, a careg iv er f o r h im

. S h e w o u ld h elp , I g u ess, g et h is g ro ceries, [ an d ] v ario u s o th er th in g s . . . .

[ T h e v i c t im ] h ad a co u p le o f so u rces o f in co m e. I th in k th ere w a s a p en sio n an d th en m ay

b e a d isa b i l ity p ay

m en t, th in g s lik e th at, w h ich

, o f

co u rse, h is b ills an d su ch w ere su p p o sed to b e p aid o u t o f

.
Well, o v er th e y ears, so m e o f h is b ills w o u ld n o t g et p aid

, b u t ev en th e

o n es th a t w o u l d

, y o u co u ld lo o k an d see h o w m u ch m o n ey h e w as b rin g in g in each m o n th an d h o w m u ch w as g ettin g p aid th at co u ld b e sp ecif i c a l ly

a t t rib u ted to h im

, an d th ere w o u ld b e, ty p ically

, w ell o v er $ 1 ,0 0 0 lef t o v e r each m o n th

, b u t h e h ad -- o n ce th is b eg an , th e in v estig atio n b eg an an d su ch

, h e h ad really n o th in g to sh o w f o r it. S o th ere’s n o t b een an accu m u latio n o f

sav in g s o v er th e y ears.

A n d th en o v er th e y ears, th e d ef en d an t b eg an sp en d in g so m e o f th at

m o n ey f o r th in g s th at w o u ld p ro b ab ly b e g en erally asso cia t e d j u s t f o r h er b en ef it, I th in k

, to w ard s a h o u se,

. . . so m e o f h er ex p en ses asso ciated w ith th at h o u se, su ch as c a b l e t elev isio n an d telep h o n e, an d I th in k th ere w as

m ay b e a G en eral S e s s i o n s ch arg e, w h ere sh e h ad a f in e an d co st o r so m e restitu tio n o r so m eth in g , an d [ th e v ictim ’s] m o n ey w as ap p lied to w ard s th at. S o th ere w as sp en d in g o f th e [ v ictim ’s] m o n ey

b y th e d ef

en d an t, w h ich w as

n o t f o r th e b en ef

it o f ex p licitly

to [ th e v ictim ]

.

U n d er q u estio n in g b y th e co u rt at th e p lea h earin g , th e d ef en d an t stated th at sh e h ad

access to th e v ictim ’s m o n ey b ecau se sh e h ad a p o w er o f atto rn ey “to p ay h is b ills an d stu f f .” S h e ack n o w led g ed th at sh e co u ld still c o mmi t th ef t ev en if sh e h ad a p o w er o f atto rn ey if sh e to o k th e v ictim ’s m o n ey w ith o u t h is p erm issio n w ith in ten t to d ep riv e h im o f it.

-2-T h e trial co u rt accep ted th e d ef en d an t’s g u ilty p leas to th e f o u r co u n ts as ch arg ed an d

s o o n th ereaf

ter co n d u cted a sen ten cin g h earin g

. A t th e h earin g , Jam es R o d n ey K irk

, th e

v ictim ’s b ro th er an d co n serv ato r, testif ied th at th e v ictim

w as in a n u rsin g h o m e su f f erin g f ro m early o n set A lzh eim er’s, d iab etes, p erip h eral artery d isease, pul m ona r y di s e a se an d f

iv e

o th er p erm an e n t d i s eases an d illn esses. H e said th at th e v ictim w as h o sp italized in N o v em b er 2 0 0 8
, n ear d eath

, su f

f erin g f ro m th e af

o rem en tio n ed illn esses an d tw elv e o th er tem p o rary , b u t serio u s, ailm en ts. H e ex p lain ed th at th e ailm en ts w ere th e “cu lm in atio n o f [ th e d ef en d an t’s] lack o f care f o r [ t h e v i c t i m ] o v er th e th ree y ear d u ratio n o f th eir relatio n sh ip .” K irk stated th at th e d ef en d an t’s “lies, d eceit, m an ip u latio n , tri a n g u l a tio n , f rau d an d th ef

t to o k [ th e v ictim ] to th is n ear d eath p h y sical d eteri o r a t i o n ” as w ell as req u irin g tw o p sy ch iatric h o sp italizatio n s d u e to su icid e th reats. H e said th at th e d ef en d an t

m an ip u lated th e v ictim to m ak e h im f eel iso lated

, h elp less, an d h o p eless. K irk ex p lain ed th at th e d ef

en d an t also led to th e v ictim ’s f in an cial d ev astatio n b ecau se sh e d iv erted alm o st $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 o f th e v ictim ’s i n c o me f o r h e r o w n u se an d lef

t h im w ith th o u san d s o f d o llars o f

u n p aid b ills d esp ite h is h av in g ad eq u ate in co m e to p ay th em

.

A f ter h earin g th e arg u m en ts o f th e p arties, th e trial co u rt sen ten ced th e d ef en d an t to f iv e y ears o n each o f th e th ef t o v er $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 co n v ictio n s, w i t h t h e f irst tw o co u n ts to b e

serv ed co n cu rren tly

an d th e th ird co u n t co n secu tiv ely to th e o th ers, an d th ree y ears o n th e t h e f t o v er $ 1 0 0 0 co n v ictio n , to b e serv ed co n secu tiv ely to th e o th er co u n ts, f o r a to tal ef f ectiv e sen ten ce o f th irteen y ears. T h e co u r t o r d ered a sen ten ce o f sp lit co n f in em en t

–
n in et y d a y s i n co n f

in em en t in th e co u n ty j ail w ith th e rem ain d er serv ed o n co m m u n ity

co rrectio n s.

A N A L Y S IS

T h e d ef en d a n t a r g u e s th at th e sen ten ce im p o sed b y th e trial co u rt w as ex cessiv e b eca u se th e trial co u rt im p o sed co n secu tiv e sen ten ces an d o rd ered th at sh e serv e th e n o n

in carcerativ e p o rtio n o f

h er sen ten ce o n co m m

u n ity co rrectio n s in stead o f

p ro b atio n

.

Wh en an accu sed ch allen g es th e len g th an d m an n er o f serv ice o f a sen ten ce, it is th e d u ty o f th is co u rt to co n d u ct a d e n o vo rev iew o n th e reco rd w ith a p re su m p tio n th at “th e d eterm in atio n s m ad e b y th e co u rt f ro m w h ich th e ap p eal is tak en are co rrect.” T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -4 0 1 (d ) (2 0 0 6 ). T h is p resu m p tio n is “co n d itio n ed u p o n th e af f irm ativ e sh o w in g in th e reco rd th at th e trial co u rt co n sid ered th e sen ten cin g p rin cip les an d all relev an t f acts an d circu m stan ces.” S tate v

. A sh b y , 8 2 3 S .W.2 d 1 6 6
, 1 6 9 (T en n

. 1 9 9 1 ). T h e p resu m p tio n d o es n o t ap p ly to th e leg al co n clu sio n s reach ed b y th e trial co u rt in sen ten cin g th e accu sed o r to th e d eterm in atio n s m ad e b y th e trial co u rt w h ich a r e p r e d icated u p o n

u n co n tro v erted f

acts. S tate v

. B u tler, 9 0 0 S .W.2 d 3 0 5
, 3 1 1 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 4 ); S tate

v

. S m ith

, 8 9 1 S .W.2 d 9 2 2
, 9 2 9 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 4 ); S tate v

. B o n estel, 8 7 1 S .W.2 d 1 6 3
,

-3-1 6 6 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 3 ), o v erru led o n o th er g ro u n d s b y S tate v

. H o o p er, 2 9 S .W.3 d

1 , 9 (T en n . 2 0 0 0 ).

In co n d u ctin g a d

e n o vo rev iew o f a sen ten ce, th is co u rt m u st co n sid er (a) an y

ev id en ce receiv ed at th e trial an d /o r sen ten cin g h earin g , (b ) th e p resen ten ce rep o rt, (c) th e p rin cip les o f sen ten cin g , (d ) th e arg u m en ts o f co u n sel relativ e to sen ten cin g altern ativ es, (e) th e n atu re an d ch aracteristics o f th e o f f en se, (f ) an y m itig atin g o r en h an cem en t f acto rs, (g )

an y statistical in f

o rm atio n p ro v id ed b y th e ad m in istrativ e o f f ice o f the c our

ts as to T en n essee

sen ten cin g p ractices f

o r sim ilar o f

f en ses, (h ) an y statem en ts m ad e b y th e accu sed in h is o w n b eh alf

, an d (i) th e accu sed ’s p o ten tial o r lack o f p o ten tial f o r re h a b i litatio n o r treatm en t. T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § § 4 0 -3 5 -1 0 3
, -2 1 0 (2 0 0 6 ); S tate v . T ay lo r, 6 3 S .W.3 d 4 0 0
, 4 1 1 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 2 0 0 1 ). T h e p arty ch al l e n g i n g t h e sen ten ce im p o sed b y th e trial co u rt h as th e b u rd en o f estab lish in g th at th e sen ten ce is erro n eo u s. T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -4 0 1 (2 0 0 6 ), S en ten cin g C o m

m issio n C m ts.; A sh b y , 8 2 3 S .W.2 d at 1 6 9

.

I n i m p o s i n g a s p e c i f

i c s e n t e n c e w i t h i n a r a n g e , a t r i a l c o u r t “ s h a l l c o n s i d e r , b u t i s n o t b o u n d b y ” c e r t a i n a d v i s o r y s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s , i n c l u d i n g t h a t t h e “ m i n i m u m s e n t e n c e

w i t h i n t h e r a n g e o f p u n i s h m e n t i s t h e s e n t e n c e t h a t s h o u l d b e i m p o s e d ” a n d t h a t “ [ t ] h e

s e n t e n c e l e n g t h w i t h i n t h e r a n g e s h o u l d b e a d j u s t e d

, a s a p p r o p r i a t e , b y t h e p r e s e n c e o r

a b s e n c e o f m i t i g a t i n g a n d e n h a n c e m e n t f a c t o r s [

. ] ” T e n n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0

- 3 5

- 2 1 0 ( c ) ( 1 )

, ( 2 )

. T h e w e i g h i n g o f t h e v a r i o u s m i t i g a t i n g a n d e n h a n c e m e n t f a c t o r s i s “ l e f

t t o t h e t r i a l c o u r t ’ s

s o u n d d i s c r e t i o n

. ” S t a t e v

. C a r t e r , 2 5 4 S

. W

. 3 d 3 3 5
, 3 4 5 ( T e n n

. 2 0 0 8 )

.

In sen ten c i n g th e d ef

en d an t, th e trial co u rt n o ted th at th e d ef en d an t h ad a “slig h t” crim in al reco rd , co n sistin g o f p assin g a w o rth less ch eck an d d iso rd erly co n d u ct, an d g av e th e f acto r v ery little w eig h t. S ee T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 4 (1 ). T h e co u rt o b serv ed th at th e v ictim w as p articu larly v u ln erab le b ecau se o f b o th a p h y sical an d m en tal d isab ility

, see id . § 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 4 (4 ), an d th at su ch f acto r w as p resen t “in a v ery d ram atic w ay ,” th u s g iv in g it “g reat w eig h t.” T h e co u rt also f o u n d th at th e d ef

en d an t ab u sed a p o sitio n o f p riv ate tru st,

see id

. § 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 4 (1 4 ), in th at sh e w as su p p o sed to h av e b een “tak in g care o f [ th e v ictim ’s]

reso u rces f

o r h is b en e f

i t a n d i n s tead

, o n a v ery m aj o r scale, o v er f o u r y ears, w as ap p ro p riatin g m o n ey f

o r h erself .” T h e co u rt d eterm in ed th at su ch f acto r w as also p resen t “in a v ery d ram atic w ay .” In resp o n se to th e d ef en d an t ’ s a r g u m en t reg ard in g m itig atin g f acto rs, th e trial co u rt ag re e d t h a t t h e tak in g o f m o n ey d id n o t cau se n o r th reaten serio u s b o d ily h arm , see id

. § 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 3 (1 ), b u t g av e th e f acto r v ery little w eig h t. A s su ch

, th e trial

co u rt reach ed a sen ten ce o f f iv e y ears o n each o f th e d ef en d an t’s C f

elo n y co n v ictio n s an d th ree y ears o n h er D f

elo n y co n v ictio n

. T h e d ef en d an t d o es n o t ap p ear to co n test th e len g th

o f sen ten ce im

p o sed b y th e trial co u rt, an d th e term im p o sed w a s p ro p erly w ith in th e trial

co u rt’s d iscretio n

.

-4-T en n essee C o d e A n n o tated sectio n 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 5 (b ) p ro v id es th at a trial co u rt m ay , in

its d iscretio n , o rd er sen ten ces to ru n co n s e c u t i v e l y i f it f in d s b y a p rep o n d eran ce o f th e

ev id en ce, as p ertin en t h ere, th at th e d ef e n d a n t is an o f

f en d er w h o se reco rd o f crim in al activ ity is ex ten siv e. T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -1 1 5 (b )(2 ) (2 0 0 6 ). In th is case, th e trial co u rt f o u n d th at th e d ef

en d an t h ad an ex ten siv e reco rd o f crim in al activ ity

as to th e co n v ictio n s stem m in g f

ro m h er 2 0 0 8 an d 2 0 0 9 activ ities b u t n o t w ith reg ard to th e co n v ictio n s stem m in g f ro m h er 2 0 0 6 an d 2 0 0 7 activ ities. T h e co u rt reaso n ed th at b y 2 0 0 8 an d 2 0 0 9
, th e d ef en d an t’s co n d u ct o v er th e p rev io u s tw o an d th ree y ears, resp ectiv ely

, w as ap p licab le as

ex ten siv e crim in al h isto ry to th e su b seq u en t co n d u ct.

We h av e p rev io u sl y h e l d th at th e “[ c] u rren t o f f en ses m ay b e u sed in d eterm in in g crim in al h isto ry f

o r th e p u rp o ses o f co n secu tiv e sen ten cin g .” S tate v

. C aro ly n J. N o b les, N o

. M 2 0 0 6 -0 0 6 9 5 -C C A -R 3 -C D
, 2 0 0 7 W L 6 7 7 8 6 1
, at * 1 2 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. M ar. 7
, 2 0 0 7 ) (citin g S tate v

. C u m

m in g s, 8 6 8 S .W.2 d 6 6 1
, 6 6 7 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 2 )). C u m m in g s p resen ted a situ atio n w h ere a d ef en d an t h ad n o p rio r crim in al reco rd b u t p led g u ilty to eig h t

o f f en ses. 8 6 8 S .W.2 d at 6 6 3 -6 4

. In th at case, th is co u rt af f irm ed th e trial co u rt’s im

p o sitio n

o f co n secu tiv e sen ten ces o n th e b asis o f th e d e f e n d a n t’s h av in g an ex ten siv e reco rd o f crim in al activ ity

. Id

. at 6 6 7

. O th er p an els o f th is co u rt h a v e a l so af f irm ed in sim ilar

s c en ario s. S ee, e.g ., S tate v

. M ark R o b ert C arter, N o

. M 2 0 0 7 -0 2 7 0 6 -C C A -R 3 -C D
, 2 0 0 9 WL 1 3 4 9 2 0 6
, at * 1 0 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. M ay 1 4
, 2 0 0 9 ), p erm

. to ap p eal d en ied (T en n

. S ep t. 2 8
, 2 0 0 9 ) ; C aro ly

n J. N o b les, 2 0 0 7 WL 6 7 7 8 6 1
, at * 1 2 ; S tate v

. B rian L ee C ab le, N o

. E 2 0 0 5 -0 0 6 0 8 -C C A -R 3 -C D , 2 0 0 6 WL 1 3 8 1 4 8 4
, at * 8 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. M ay 1 9 , 2 0 0 6 ),
p erm

. to ap p ea l d e n ied (T en n

. S ep t. 2 5
, 2 0 0 6 ); S tate v

. M o n san to U n d rez C an n o n , N o

. M 2 0 0 5 -0 1 2 5 8 -C C A -R 3 -C D
, 2 0 0 6 WL 1 6 3 2 4
, at * 5 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. Jan

. 4
, 2 0 0 6 ); S tate

v

. R ach el N

. B en n ett, N o

. M 2 0 0 2 -0 1 2 1 5 -C C A -R 3 -C D
, 2 0 0 3 WL 1 5 6 2 0 9 0
, at * 3 (T en n

. C rim . A p p . M ar. 2 6 , 2 0 0 3 ).

In arg u in g th at co n secu tiv e sen ten cin g w as in ap p ro p riate, th e d ef en d an t attem

p ts to d istin g u ish C aro ly

n J. N o b les f

ro m th e f acts o f h er case o n th e g ro u n d th at sh e o n ly h ad f o u r th ef t co n v ictio n s in co n trast to N o b les’ sev en ty -o n e ch eck f o rg ery co n v ictio n s. It is tru e th at
t h e a c t u a l n u m

b er o f th e d ef

en d an t’s co n v ictio n s is lo w er, b u t su ch is ex p lain ed b ecau se N o b les w as ch arg ed p er ch eck f o rg ery ; w h ereas th e d ef

en d an t w as ch arg ed o f th ef t p er y ear,

n o t f o r each d iscrete ap p ro p riatio n

. In so m e reg ard s, th e d ef en d an t’s crim in al activ ity w as

m o re ex t en siv e th an N o b les’ in th at th e d ef en d an t’s co n d u ct to o k p lace o v er a f o u r-y ear p erio d in co n trast to N o b les’ “f o u r m o n th s an d a w eek .” S ee C aro ly n J. N o b les, 2 0 0 7 WL 6 7 7 8 6 1
, at * 7

. We co n clu d e th at th e trial co u rt d i d n o t a b u s e its d iscretio n in im p o sin g

co n secu tiv e sen ten ces o n tw o o f th e co n v ictio n s.

A d ef en d an t w h o receiv es a sen ten ce o f ten y ears o r less is elig ib le f o r p ro b atio n , su b j ect to certain ex cep tio n s

. T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -3 0 3 (a) (2 0 0 6 ). E v en if elig ib le,

-5-h o w ev e r , t h e d ef en d an t is n o t au to m atically en titled to p ro b atio n as a m atter o f law

. S ee T en n

. C o d e A n n

. § 4 0 -3 5 -3 0 3 (b ). T h e b u r d e n is o n th e d ef en d an t to sh o w th e d en ial o f
p ro b atio n w as im

p ro p er. Id .; see also S tate v

. S u m m ers, 1 5 9 S .W.3 d 5 8 6
, 5 9 9 -6 0 0 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 2 0 0 4 ) (citin g A sh b y , 8 2 3 S .W.2 d at 1 6 9 ); S tate v

. B ak er, 9 6 6 S .W.2 d 4 2 9
, 4 3 4 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 7 ) (statin g th at “[ a] crim in al d ef en d an t seek in g f

u ll p ro b atio n b ears th e b u rd en o n ap p eal o f sh o w in g th e sen ten ce actu ally im p o sed is im

p ro p er, an d th at f

u ll
p ro b atio n w ill b e in b o th th e b est in terest o f th e d ef en d an t an d th e p u b lic”).

T h e r e i s n o b rig h t lin e ru le f o r d eterm in in g w h en a d ef en d an t sh o u ld b e g ran t e d
p ro b atio n

. S tate v

. B in g h am , 9 1 0 S .W.2 d 4 4 8
, 4 5 6 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 5 ), o v erru led o n

o th er g ro u n d s b y H o o p er, 2 9 S .W.3 d at 9 -1 0

. E v ery sen ten cin g d ecisio n n ecessarily req u i r e s

a case-b y -case an aly sis. Id

. F acto rs to b e co n sid ered in clu d e th e circu m stan ces su rro u n d in g th e o f f en se, th e d ef

en d an t’s crim in al reco rd

, th e d ef en d an t’s so cial h ist o r y an d p resen t

co n d itio n , th e n eed f

o r d eterren ce, an d th e b est in terests o f th e d ef en d an t a n d t h e p u b lic. S tate v

. G o o d e, 9 5 6 S .W.2 d 5 2 1
, 5 2 7 (T en n

. C rim

. A p p

. 1 9 9 7 ). A n o th er ap p ro p riate f acto r f o r a trial co u rt t o c o n sid er in d eterm in in g w h eth er to g ran t p ro b atio n is a d ef en d an t’s cred ib ility o r lack th ereo f

, as th is ref

lects o n th e d ef

en d an t’s p o ten tial f

o r reh ab ilitatio n

. Id

. A lso rele v a n t is w h eth er a sen ten ce o f p ro b atio n w o u ld u n d u ly d ep reciate th e serio u sn ess

o f t h e o f f en se. S ee S tate v

. D av is, 9 4 0 S .W.2 d 5 5 8
, 5 5 9 (T en n

. 1 9 9 7 ); B in g h am , 9 1 0 S .W.2 d at 4 5 6

.

T o q u alif y f o r co n sid eratio n f

o r p u n ish m en t in th e co m m u n ity

, an o f

f en d er m u st m eet all o f th e f o llo w in g criteria:

(A ) P erso n s w h o , w ith o u t th is o p tio n , w o u ld b e in c a r c e rated in a

co rrectio n al in stitu tio n ;

(B ) P erso n s w h o are co n v icted o f p ro p erty -related

, o r d ru g -o r alco h o l-related f

elo n y o f f en ses o r o th er f

elo n y o f f en ses n o t in v o lv in g crim es ag ain st th e p erso n as p ro v id ed in title 3 9 , ch ap ter 1 3 , p arts 1 -5 ;

(C ) P erso n s w h o are co n v icted o f n o n v io len t f

elo n y o f f en ses;

(D ) P erso n s w h o are co n v icted o f f elo n y o f f en ses in w h ich th e u se o r p o ssessio n o f

a w eap o n w as n o t in v o lv ed ;

(E ) P erso n s w h o d o n o t d em o n strate a p resen t o r p ast p attern o f b eh av io r in d icatin g v io len ce; [ an d ]

(F ) P erso n s w h o d o n o t d em o n strate a p attern o f co m m i t t i n g v io len t

-6-o f

f en ses[ .]

T en n . C o d e A n n . § 4 0 -3 6 -1 0 6 (a)(1 ) (2 0 0 6 ).

In d eterm in in g th e m an n er o f serv ice o f th e d ef en d an t’s sen ten ce, th e trial co u rt stated th at th ere ap p eared to b e “little p o ten tial f o r r e h a b ilitatio n in th e ab sen ce o f serv in g so m e

sen ten ce.” T h e co u rt o b serv ed th e n eed o f th e v ictim to receiv e restitu tio n f o r h is lo ss an d th e n eed o f p rev en tin g th e d ef en d an t f ro m sim ilar f

u tu re em p lo y m en t. T h e c o u r t o r d ered th at th e d ef

en d an t se r v e n i n e m o n th s o f h er sen ten ce w ith th e rem ain d er serv ed o n

co m m u n ity co rrectio n s.

T h e d ef en d an t arg u es th at th e trial co u rt sh o u ld h av e o rd ered th at sh e serv e th e b alan ce o f

h er sen ten ce o n p ro b atio n in stead o f co m m u n ity co rrectio n s. A s th e d ef

en d an t

co rrectly p o in ts o u t, sh e is statu to rily elig ib le f o r p ro b atio n

. H o w ev er, w e d iscern f ro m th e trial co u rt’ s f

i n d in g s th at th e co u rt w as co n cern ed ab o u t th e d ef en d an t’s p o ten tial f

o r reh ab ilitatio n an d th at it co n sid ered th e b est in terest o f th e p u b lic an d th e circu m stan ces o f th e o f f en ses in ap p aren tly co n clu d in g t h a t t h e in creased su p erv isio n req u irem en ts o f

c o mmu n i t y co rrectio n s w ere ap p ro p riate f o r th e d ef en d an t. We can n o t co n clu d e th at th e trial co u rt ab u sed its d iscretio n in th e m an n er o f serv ice o f

sen ten ce im

p o sed

.

C O N C L U S IO N

B ased o n th e f

o reg o in g au th o rities an d reaso n in g , w e af f irm th e j u d g m en ts o f th e trial

co u rt.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A L A N E

. G L E N N
, J U D G E

-7-