UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT 

 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

 Plaintiff - Appellee, 

v. 

ESTEBAN OLIVAS-LASOS, 

a/k/a Estefan Olivas-Lasos, 

a/k/a Isidro Carillo-Frausto, 

 Defendant - Appellant. 

No. 14-1372 

(D.C. No. 1:13-CR-00497-PAB-1) 

(D. Colo.)

 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

 

Before HOLMES, MATHESON, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges. 

 

 Esteban Olivas-Lasos entered into a plea agreement that included an appeal 

waiver. He pleaded guilty to illegal re-entry of a previously deported alien following 

an aggravated felony conviction in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and (b)(2) and was 

sentenced to thirty months in prison. Despite his appeal waiver, he filed a notice of 

appeal. The government has moved to enforce the waiver under United States v. 

 

* This panel has determined that oral argument would not materially assist the 

determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The 

case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment 

is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, 

and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent 

with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED 

United States Court of Appeals 

Tenth Circuit 

February 27, 2015

Elisabeth A. Shumaker 

Clerk of Court

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Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315, 1328 (10th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (per curiam). We grant the 

motion and dismiss the appeal. 

 In considering a motion to enforce an appeal waiver, Hahn directs us to 

consider “(1) whether the disputed appeal falls within the scope of the waiver of 

appellate rights; (2) whether the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his 

appellate rights; and (3) whether enforcing the waiver would result in a miscarriage 

of justice.” Id. at 1325. A miscarriage of justice occurs if (1) “the district court 

relied on an impermissible factor such as race”; (2) there was “ineffective assistance 

of counsel in connection with the negotiation of the waiver,” making it invalid; 

(3) “the sentence exceeds the statutory maximum”; or (4) “the waiver is otherwise 

unlawful.” Id. at 1327 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also United States v. 

Polly, 630 F.3d 991, 1001 (10th Cir. 2011) (“This list is exclusive: enforcement of 

an appellate waiver does not result in a miscarriage of justice unless enforcement 

would result in one of the four situations enumerated above.” (internal quotation 

marks omitted)). 

Mr. Olivas-Lasos does not deny that this appeal is within the scope of the 

appeal waiver or that he entered into the waiver knowingly and voluntarily. He, 

instead, argues that the waiver will result in a miscarriage of justice because his 

sentence is substantively unreasonable due to the use of a twenty-two-year-old prior 

conviction to triple his offense level and to assign him three criminal history points. 

Although he does not enumerate which of the four miscarriage-of-justice bases 

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applies, we assume that he is claiming that the appeal waiver is otherwise unlawful. 

“To be otherwise unlawful, an error must seriously affect the fairness, integrity or 

public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United States v. Smith, 500 F.3d 1206, 

1212 (10th Cir. 2007) (brackets omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

Mr. Olivas-Lasos’s substantive-unreasonableness-of-his-sentence argument 

does not fit within the otherwise-unlawful category of a miscarriage of justice. That 

category allows us to consider only whether the waiver is otherwise unlawful, not 

whether there may be legal error with the sentence. See id. at 1212-13. 

Mr. Olivas-Lasos also argues that this court “has the inherent authority [to] 

resolve an appeal on its merits, despite an appeal waiver.” Resp. at 7-8. To support 

his argument, he cites to United States v. Black, 773 F.3d 1113, 1115 n.2 (10th Cir. 

2014), which declined to engage in an appeal-waiver analysis and instead resolved 

the appeal on its merits. We, however, recently distinguished Black and declined to 

apply it in an appeal-waiver case. See United States v. Garcia-Ramirez, ___ F.3d 

___, 2015 WL 676802, at *1 (10th Cir. Feb. 18, 2015) (per curiam). In doing so, we 

determined that 

[i]t was appropriate to bypass resolution of the waiver issue in Black

because (1) the waiver issue was relatively complex, (2) the government 

had briefed the merits, and (3) Black’s appellate argument clearly 

failed. Because this court was able to determine there was no merit to 

Black’s substantive claim, the appeal could be affirmed without 

devoting judicial resources to decide the waiver issue. In short, Black

merely addressed a matter of judicial economy in deciding cases, it 

signaled no change in our appeal waiver jurisprudence. 

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Id. (footnote omitted). Like the Garcia-Ramirez appeal, Mr. Olivas-Lasos’s appeal 

presents no compelling matter of judicial economy warranting a by-pass of the Hahn

appeal-waiver analysis. The waiver issue, as noted above, is not complex, and the 

government has not briefed the merits of a substantive-reasonableness argument. 

Under the circumstances of this case, we will not exercise our discretion to decide the 

merits of Mr. Olivas-Lasos’s substantive-reasonableness argument. 

 Accordingly, the motion to enforce is granted, and this appeal is dismissed. 

 Entered for the Court 

 Per Curiam 

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