National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Updated Jan 2023

 NASA Astronaut Fact Book

Exploration is really the essence of the human spirit.

Frank Borman
PREFACE

(NASA) selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the 

required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training, as well as height below 5 

feet 11 inches, seven military men became the nation's first astronauts. The second and 

third groups chosen included civilians with extensive flying experience. By 1964, 

requirements changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, 

six scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a 

doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. 

The group named in 1978, NASA Class 8, was the first of the space shuttle flight crews

and the first class with women and minority astronauts. In 2013, the astronaut class was 

fifty percent women and fifty percent men. 

The most recent astronaut candidate group named in December 2021, NASA Class 23, 

is training for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International 

Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial 

companies, and departing for missions to the Moon with Artemis. The 2021 astronaut 

candidate class came from more than 12,000 applications. More information about 

NASA’s astronauts can be found at www.nasa.gov/astronauts. 

Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 

212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots. 

As of Jan. 2023, there are 41 active astronauts, 18 management astronauts, 10 

astronaut candidates, and 288 former astronauts or payload specialists, including those 

who have left NASA, and those who are deceased.

The spaceflights and statistics listed in this publication resulted from the vertical takeoff 

of an American space vehicle or Soyuz taxi flight to the International Space Station.

Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United 

States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the 

physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation 

that will fly. Selection of a payload specialist for a mission is made by the payload 

sponsor or customer. For NASA-sponsored spacecraft or experiments requiring a 

payload specialist, the specialist is nominated by an investigator working group and 

approved by NASA. Payload specialists for major non-NASA payloads or experiments 

are selected by the sponsoring organization. Payload specialists do not have to be U.S. 

citizens. However, they must meet strict NASA health and physical fitness standards. 

These individuals are included in the “Biographical Sketches.”

NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of 

backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for 

the intensive astronaut candidate training program. For more information on astronaut 

selection, please check online at www.nasa.gov/astronauts for the latest information.

Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts
CONTENTS

Section

1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS........................................................................

2.0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES .......................................................................

2.1 ACTIVE ASTRONAUTS

2.2 MANAGEMENT ASTRONAUTS.......................................................

2.3 ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES ...........................................................

2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS....................

2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS ...............

3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS .............................................

4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR.........................................

5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES ................................................

5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES..........................................................

5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS ..........................................................

5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES ...............................................................

6.0 ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES ...........................................

7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS .......................................................

8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS.............................................................................

8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE.........................................................

8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY..................................................................

8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ..................................................

8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS.................................................

8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY...................................................................

8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE...................................................

9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG..............................

9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT......................................................

9.2 SHUTTLE MISSIONS.......................................................................

9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS................................

9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS.......................

9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS....................
2.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS

Astronaut

Entry 

Year Group

# of 

flights STATUS

Acaba, Joseph M. 2004 19 3 Active

Adamson, James C. 1984 10 2 Former

Akers, Thomas D. 1987 12 4 Former

Aldrin, Buzz 1963 3 2 Former

Allen, Andrew M. 1987 12 3 Former

Allen, Joseph P. 1967 6 2 Former

Altman, Scott D. 1995 15 4 Former

Anders, William A. 1963 3 1 Former

Anderson, Clayton C. 1998 17 2 Former

Anderson, Michael P. 1995 15 2 Deceased

Antonelli, Dominic A. 2000 18 2 Former

Apt, Jerome, III 1985 11 4 Former

Archambault, Lee J. 1998 17 2 Former

Armstrong, Neil A. 1962 2 2 Deceased

Arnold, Richard R., II 2004 19 2 Management

Ashby, Jeffrey S. 1995 15 3 Former

Auñón-Chancellor, Serena 2009 20 1 Management

Ayers, Nichole 2021 23 0 Candidate

Bagian, James P. 1980 9 2 Former

Baker, Ellen S. 1984 10 3 Former

Baker, Michael A. 1985 11 4 Former

Barratt, Michael R. 2000 18 2 Active

Barron, Kayla 2017 22 1 Active

Barry, Daniel T. 1992 14 3 Former

Bassett, Charles A., II 1963 3 0 Deceased

Bean, Alan L. 1963 3 2 Deceased

Behnken, Robert L. 2000 18 3 Former

Berríos, Marcos G. 2021 23 0 Candidate

Birch, M. Christina 2021 23 0 Candidate

Blaha, John E. 1980 9 5 Former

Bloomfield, Michael J. 1995 15 3 Former

Bluford, Guion S., Jr. 1978 8 4 Former

Bobko, Karol J. 1969 7 3 Former

Boe, Eric A. 2000 18 2 Active

Bolden, Charles F., Jr. 1980 9 4 Former

Borman, Frank 1962 2 2 Former

Bowen, Stephen G. 2000 18 3 Active

Bowersox, Kenneth D. 1987 12 5 Management

Brady, Charles E., Jr. 1992 14 1 Deceased

Brand, Vance D. 1966 5 4 Former

Brandenstein, Daniel C. 1978 8 4 Former

Bresnik, Randolph J. 2004 19 2 Active
Bridges, Roy D., Jr. 1980

91 Former

Brown, Curtis L., Jr. 1987 126 Former

Brown, David M. 1996 161 Deceased

Brown, Mark N. 1984 102 Former

Buchli, James F. 197884 Former

Burnham, Deniz M. 2021 230 Candidate

Bull, John S. 196650 Deceased

Burbank, Daniel C. 1996 163 Former

Bursch, Daniel W. 1990 134 Former

Cabana, Robert D. 1985 114 Management

Cagle, Yvonne D. 1996 160 Management

Caldeiro, Fernando 1996 160 Deceased

Caldwell Dyson, Tracy 1998 172 Active

Camarda, Charles J. 1996 161 Management

Cameron, Kenneth D. 1984 103 Former

Cardman, Zena 2017 220 Active

Carey, Duane G. 1996 161 Former

Carpenter, M. Scott 195911 Deceased

Carr, Gerald P. 196651 Deceased

Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. 1984 101 Deceased

Casper, John H. 1984 104 Former

Cassada, Josh A. 2013 210 Active

Cassidy, Christopher J. 2004 193 Former

Cernan, Eugene A. 196333 Deceased

Chaffee, Roger B. 196330 Deceased

Chamitoff, Gregory E. 1998 172 Former

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. 198097 Former

Chapman, Philip K. 196760 Deceased

Chari, Raja 2017 221 Active

Chawla, Kalpana 1995 152 Deceased

Chiao, Leroy 1990 134 Former

Chilton, Kevin P. 1987 123 Former

Clark, Laurel B. 1996 161 Deceased

Cleave, Mary L. 198092 Former

Clifford, Michael R. 1990 133 Deceased

Coats, Michael L. 197883 Former

Cockrell, Kenneth D. 1990 135 Former

Coleman, Catherine G. 1992 143 Former

Collins, Eileen M. 1990 134 Former

Collins, Michael 196332 Deceased

Conrad, Charles, Jr. 196224 Deceased

Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. 195912 Deceased

Covey, Richard O. 197884 Former

Creamer, Timothy J. 1998 171 Management

Creighton, John O. 197883 Former
Crippen, Robert L. 1969

74 Former

Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. 1984 103 Former

Cunningham, Walter 196331 Deceased

Curbeam, Robert L., Jr. 1995 153 Former

Currie-Gregg, Nancy J. 1990 134 Former

Davis, N. Jan 1987 123 Former

Delaney, Luke 2021 230 Candidate

Dominick, Matthew 2017 220 Active

Douglas, Andre 2021 230 Candidate

Drew, Alvin B., Jr. 2000 182 Management

Duffy, Brian 1985 114 Former

Duke, Charles M., Jr. 196651 Former

Dunbar, Bonnie J. 198095 Former

Dutton, James P., Jr. 2004 191 Former

Edwards, Joe F., Jr. 1995 151 Former

Eisele, Donn F. 196331 Deceased

England, Anthony W. 196761 Former

Engle, Joe H. 196652 Former

Epps, Jeanette J. 2009 200 Active

Evans, Ronald E., Jr. 196651 Deceased

Fabian, John M. 197882 Former

Ferguson, Christopher J. 1998 173 Former

Feustel, Andrew J. 2000 183 Active

Fincke, E. Michael 1996 163 Active

Fischer, Jack D. 2009 201 Former

Fisher, Anna L. 197881 Former

Fisher, William F. 198091 Former

Foale, C. Michael 1987 126 Former

Ford, Kevin A. 2000 182 Former

Foreman, Michael J. 1998 172 Former

Forrester, Patrick G. 1996 163 Management

Fossum, Michael E. 1998 173 Former

Freeman, Theodore C. 196330 Deceased

Frick, Stephen N. 1996 162 Former

Fullerton, Charles G. 196972 Deceased

Garan, Ronald J., Jr. 2000 182 Former

Gardner, Dale A. 197882 Deceased

Gardner, Guy S. 198092 Former

Garriott, Owen K. 196542 Deceased

Gemar, Charles D. 1985 113 Former

Gernhardt, Michael L. 1992 144 Former

Gibson, Edward G. 196541 Former

Gibson, Robert L. 197885 Former

Givens, Edward G., Jr. 196650 Deceased

Glenn, John H., Jr. 195912 Deceased

Glover, Victor J. 2013 211 Active
Godwin, Linda M. 1985 11

4 Former

Good, Michael T. 2000 182 Former

Gordon, Richard F., Jr. 196332 Deceased

Gorie, Dominic L. 1995 154 Former

Grabe, Ronald J. 198094 Former

Graveline, Duane E. 196540 Deceased

Gregory, Frederick D. 197883 Former

Gregory, William G. 1990 131 Former

Griggs, S. David 197881 Deceased

Grissom, Virgil I. 195912 Deceased

Grunsfeld, John M. 1992 145 Former

Gutierrez, Sidney M. 1984 102 Former

Hague, Tyler N. 2013 211 Active

Haise, Fred W., Jr. 196651 Former

Halsell, James D., Jr. 1990 135 Former

Ham, Kenneth T. 1998 172 Former

Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. 1984 102 Former

Harbaugh, Gregory J. 1987 124 Former

Harris, Bernard A., Jr. 1990 132 Former

Hart, Terry J. 197881 Former

Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. 196973 Deceased

Hathaway, Jack 2021 230 Candidate

Hauck, Frederick H. 197883 Former

Hawley, Steven A. 197885 Former

Helms, Susan J. 1990 135 Former

Henize, Karl G. 196761 Deceased

Henricks, Terence T. 1985 114 Former

Hernandez, Jose M. 2004 191 Former

Herrington, John B. 1996 161 Former

Hieb, Richard J. 1985 113 Former

Higginbotham, Joan E. 1996 161 Former

Hilmers, David C. 198094 Former

Hines, Robert T. 2017 221 Active

Hire, Kathryn P. 1995 152 Former

Hobaugh, Charles O. 1996 163 Former

Hoburg, Warren 2017 220 Active

Hoffman, Jeffrey A. 197885 Former

Holmquest, Donald L. 196760 Former

Hopkins, Michael S. 2009 202 Active

Horowitz, Scott J. 1992 144 Former

Hurley, Douglas G. 2000 183 Former

Husband, Rick D. 1995 152 Deceased

Irwin, James B. 196651 Deceased

Ivins, Marsha S. 1984 105 Former

Jemison, Mae C. 1987 121 Former

Jernigan, Tamara E. 1985 115 Former
Jett, Brent W. 1992 14

4 Former

Johnson, Gregory C. 1998 171 Former

Johnson, Gregory H. 1998 172 Former

Jones, Thomas D. 1990 134 Former

Kavandi, Janet L. 1995 153 Former

Kelly, James M. 1996 162 Management

Kelly, Mark E. 1996 164 Former

Kelly, Scott J. 1996 163 Former

Kerwin, Joseph P. 196541 Former

Kilrain (Still), Susan L. 1995 152 Former

Kim, Jonny 2017 220 Active

Kimbrough, Robert Shane 2004 193 Former

Koch, Christina Hammock 2013 211 Active

Kopra, Timothy L. 2000 181 Former

Kregel, Kevin R. 1992 144 Former

Lawrence, Wendy B. 1992 144 Former

Lee, Mark C. 1984 104 Former

Leestma, David C. 198093 Former

Lenoir, William B. 196761 Deceased

Lind, Don L. 196651 Former

Lindgren, Kjell N. 2009 202 Active

Lindsey, Steven W. 1995 155 Former

Linenger, Jerry M. 1992 142 Former

Linnehan, Richard M. 1992 144 Management

Llewellyn, John A. 196760 Deceased

Lockhart, Paul S. 1996 162 Former

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. 1992 143 Former

Loria, Christopher J. 1996 160 Former

Lounge, J. Mike 198093 Deceased

Lousma, Jack R. 196652 Former

Love, Stanley G. 1998 171 Management

Lovell, James A., Jr. 196224 Former

Low, G. David 1984 103 Deceased

Lu, Edward T. 1995 153 Former

Lucid, Shannon W. 197885 Former

Magnus, Sandra H. 1996 163 Former

Mann, Nicole Aunapu 2013 210 Active

Marshburn, Thomas H. 2004 193 Former

Massimino, Michael J. 1996 162 Former

Mastracchio, Richard A. 1996 163 Former

Mattingly, Thomas K., II 196653 Former

McArthur, K. Megan 2000 182 Active

McArthur, William S., Jr. 199034 Former

McBride, Jon A. 197881 Former

McCandless, Bruce, II 196652 Deceased

McClain, Anne C. 2013 211 Active
McCool, William C. 1996 16

1 Deceased

McCulley, Michael J. 1984 101 Former

McDivitt, James A. 198422 Deceased

McMonagle, Donald R. 1987 123 Former

McNair, Ronald E. 197881 Deceased

Meade, Carl J. 1985 113 Former

Meir, Jessica U. 2013 211 Active

Melnick, Bruce E. 1987 122 Former

Melroy, Pamela A. 1995 153 Management

Melvin, Leland D. 1998 172 Former

Menon, Anil S. 2021 230 Candidate

Metcalf-Lindenburger, 

Dorothy 2004 191 Former

Michel, F. Curtis 196540 Deceased

Mitchell, Edgar D. 196651 Deceased

Moghbeli, Jasmin 2017 220 Active

Morgan, Andrew R. 2013 211 Active

Morgan, Barbara R. 1998 171 Former

Morin, Lee M. 1996 161 Management

Mullane, Richard M. 197883 Former

Musgrave, Story 196766 Former

Nagel, Steven R. 197884 Deceased

Nelson, George D. 197883 Former

Newman, James H. 1990 134 Former

Noriega, Carlos I. 1995 152 Former

Nowak, Lisa M. 1996 161 Former

Nyberg, Karen L. 2000 18

1 Former

O'Connor, Bryan D. 198092 Former

O’Hara, Loral 2017 220 Active

O'Leary, Brian T. 196760 Deceased

Ochoa, Ellen 1990 134 Former

Oefelein, William A. 1998 171 Former

Olivas, John D. 1998 172 Former

Onizuka, Ellison S. 197881 Deceased

Oswald, Stephen S. 1985 113 Former

Overmyer, Robert F. 196972 Deceased

Parazynski, Scott E. 1992 145 Former

Parker, Robert A. 196762 Former

Patrick, Nicholas J. M. 1998 172 Former

Peterson, Donald H. 196971 Deceased

Pettit, Donald R. 1996 163 Active

Phillips, John L. 1996 163 Former

Pogue, William R. 196651 Deceased

Poindexter, Alan G. 1998 172 Deceased

Polansky, Mark L. 1996 163 Former

Precourt, Charles J. 1990 134 Former
Readdy, William F. 1987 12

3 Former

Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. 1987 122 Former

Reilly, James F., II 1995 153 Former

Reisman, Garrett E. 1998 172 Former

Resnik, Judith A. 197881 Deceased

Richards, Paul W. 1996 161 Management

Richards, Richard N. 198094 Former

Ride, Sally K. 197882 Deceased

Robertson, Patricia Hilliard 1998 170 Deceased

Robinson, Stephen K. 1995 154 Former

Rominger, Kent V. 1992 145 Former

Roosa, Stuart A. 196651 Deceased

Ross, Jerry L. 198097 Former

Rubins, Kathleen (Kate) 2009 202 Active

Rubio, Frank 2017 220 Active

Runco, Mario, Jr. 1987 123 Former

Satcher, Robert L., Jr. 2004 191 Former

Schirra, Walter M., Jr. 195913 Deceased

Schmitt, Harrison H. 196541 Former

Schweickart, Russell L. 196331 Former

Scobee, Francis R. 197881 Deceased

Scott, David R. 196333 Former

Scott, Winston E. 1992 142 Former

Searfoss, Richard A. 1990 133 Deceased

Seddon, Margaret Rhea 197883 Former

See, Elliot M., Jr. 196220 Deceased

Sega, Ronald M. 1990 132 Former

Sellers, Piers J. 1996 163 Deceased

Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. 197883 Former

Shepard, Alan B., Jr. 195912 Deceased

Shepherd, William M. 1984 104 Former

Shriver, Loren J. 197883 Former

Slayton, Donald K. 195911 Deceased

Smith, Michael J. 198090 Deceased

Smith, Steven L. 1992 144 Former

Spring, Sherwood C. 198091 Former

Springer, Robert C. 198092 Former

Stafford, Thomas P. 196224 Former

Stefanyshyn-Piper, H. M. 1996 162 Former

Stewart, Robert L. 197882 Former

Stott, Nicole P. 2000 182 Former

Sturckow, Frederick W. 1995 154 Former

Sullivan, Kathryn D. 197883 Former

Swanson, Steven R. 1998 172 Former

Swigert, John L., Jr. 196651 Deceased

Tani, Daniel M. 1996 162 Former
Tanner, Joseph R. 1992 14

4 Former

Thagard, Norman E. 197885 Former

Thomas, Andrew S. W. 1992 144 Former

Thomas, Donald A. 1990 134 Former

Thorne, Stephen D. 1985 110 Deceased

Thornton, Kathryn C. 1984 104 Former

Thornton, William E. 196762 Deceased

Thuot, Pierre J. 1985 113 Former

Tingle, Scott D. 2009 201 Active

Truly, Richard H. 196972 Former

Van Hoften, James D. 197882 Former

Vande Hei, Mark T. 2009 202 Active

Veach, Charles Lacy 1984 102 Deceased

Virts, Terry W., Jr. 2000 181 Former

Voss, James S. 1987 125 Former

Voss, Janice E. 1990 135 Deceased

Walheim, Rex J. 1996 163 Former

Walker, David M. 197884 Deceased

Walker, Shannon 2004 192 Active

Walz, Carl E. 1990 134 Former

Watkins, Jessica 2017 221 Active

Weber, Mary E. 1992 142 Former

Weitz, Paul J. 196652 Deceased

Wetherbee, James D. 1984 106 Former

Wheelock, Douglas H. 1998 172 Active

White, Edward H., II 196221 Deceased

Whitson, Peggy A. 1996 162 Former

Wilcutt, Terrence W. 1990 134 Management

Williams, Christopher L. 2021 230 Candidate

Williams, Clifton C., Jr. 196330 Deceased

Williams, Donald E. 197882 Deceased

Williams, Jeffrey N. 1996 164 Management

Williams, Sunita L. 1998 172 Active

Wilmore, Barry E. 2000 182 Active

Wilson, Stephanie D. 1996 163 Active

Wiseman, G. Reid 2009 201 Active

Wisoff, Peter J. K. 1990 134 Former

Wittner, Jessica A. 2021 230 Candidate

Wolf, David A. 1990 133 Former

Woodward, Neil W., III 1998 170 Former

Worden, Alfred M. 196651 Deceased

Young, John W. 196226 Deceased

Zamka, George D. 1998 172 Former
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

2.1 ACTIVE U.S. ASTRONAUTS

***There are 41 active NASA astronauts as of Jan. 2023***

1. ACABA, Joseph M.

Educator astronaut

Born May 17, 1967, in Inglewood, Calif.; hometown: Anaheim, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Geology from the University of California-Santa Barbara

Master of Science in Geology from University of Arizona

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Expedition 31/32 on Soyuz in 2012 

Expeditions 53/54 on Soyuz in 2018

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 46 minutes

Total time in space: 306 days

2. BARRATT, Michael R., M.D.

Born April 16, 1959, in Vancouver, Wash.; hometown: Camas, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Washington

Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University

Master of Science in Aerospace Medicine from Wright State University

Expedition 19/20 on Soyuz in 2009 

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

2 spacewalks for a total time of 5 hours, 6 minutes

Total time in space: 212 days

3. BARRON, Kayla J., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy

Born Sept. 19, 1987, in Pocatello, Idaho; hometown: Richland, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from University of Cambridge

Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022

2 spacewalks: 13 hours, 26 minutes

Total time in space: 177 days

4. BOE, Eric A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Oct. 1, 1964, in Miami, Fla.; hometown: Atlanta, Ga.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force 

Academy

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of 

Technology

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

Total time in space: 28 days

5. BOWEN, Stephen G., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Feb. 13, 1964, in Cohasset, Mass.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from MIT

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010 

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 18 minutes

Total time in space: 40 days

6. BRESNIK, Randolph J., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps

Born Sept.11, 1967, in Fort Knox, Ky.; hometown: Santa Monica, Calif.

Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from The Citadel

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of TennesseeKnoxville

Graduate of Air War College

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Expedition 52/53 on Soyuz in 2017

5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours

Total time in space: 149 days

7. CALDWELL DYSON, Tracy, Ph.D.

Born Aug. 14, 1969, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from California State University-Fullerton

Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Chemistry from the University of CaliforniaDavis

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

Expedition 23/24 on Soyuz in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 49 minutes

Total time in space: 188 days

8. CARDMAN, Zena M.

Born Oct. 26, 1987, in Urbana, Ill.; hometown: Williamsburg, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Master of Science in Marine Sciences from University of North Carolina, Chapel 

Hill

Total time in space: 0 

9. CASSADA, Josh A., Ph.D., Captain (Sel), U.S. Navy

Born July 18, 1973, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: White Bear Lake, Minn.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Albion College

Master of Arts in Physics with specialty in high particle physics from University

of Rochester

Total time in space: 0 

10. CHARI, Raja J.V., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born June 24, 1977, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Cedar Falls, Iowa

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force 

Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT

Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022

2 spacewalks for a total of 13 hours and 8 minutes 

Total time in space: 177 days

11. DOMINICK, Matthew S., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
Born Dec. 7, 1981, in Wheat Ridge, Colo.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of San Diego

Master of Systems Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School

Total time in space: 0 

12. EPPS, Jeanette J., Ph.D.

Born Nov. 3, 1970, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Physics from LeMoyne College

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from 

University of Maryland

Total time in space: 0 

13. FEUSTEL, Andrew J., Ph.D.

Born Aug. 25, 1965, in Lancaster, Pa.; hometown: Lake Orion, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Solid Earth Sciences from Purdue University

Master of Science in Geophysics from Purdue University

Doctor of Philosophy in Seismology from Queen’s University-Canada

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011

Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018

9 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 48 minutes

Total time in space: 226 days

14. FINCKE, Edward M. “Mike,” Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born March 14, 1967, in Pittsburgh, Pa; hometown: Emsworth, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT

Bachelor of Science in Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences from MIT

Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University

Master of Science in Physical Sciences (Planetary Geology) from

University of Houston-Clear Lake

Expedition 9 on Soyuz in 2004

Expedition 18 on Soyuz in 2008

STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011

9 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 36 minutes

Total time in space: 381 days

15. GLOVER, Victor J., Commander, U.S. Navy

Born April 30, 1976, in Pomona, Calif.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from California Polytechnic State 

University 

Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from Air University

Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Naval Post Graduate School

Master of Military Operational Art and Science from Air University

Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021

4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 7 minutes

Total time in space: 167 days

16. HAGUE, Tyler N. “Nick”, Colonel, U.S. Space Force

Born Sept. 24, 1975, in Belleville, Kan.; hometown: Hoxie, Kan.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Expedition 59/60 on Soyuz in 2019

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 56 minutes

Total time in space: 202 days

17. HINES, Robert “Bob” T., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Jan. 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: Harrisburg, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Boston University

Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from U.S. Air Force Test Pilot 

School

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama

Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022

Total time in space: Mission ongoing 

18. HOBURG, Warren “Woody” W., Ph.D.

Born Sept. 16, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology

Doctorate in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from University of

California, Berkeley

Total time in space: 0 

19. HOPKINS, Michael S., Colonel, U.S. Space Force

Born Aug. 6, 1969, in Lebanon, Mo.; hometown: Richland, Mo.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Illinois

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Stanford University

Expedition 37/38 on Soyuz in 2013-2014

Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020

5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 1 minute

Total time in space: 166 days 

20. KIM, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy

Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego

Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School

Total time in space: 0

21. KOCH, Christina H.

Born Jan. 29, 1979, in Grand Rapids, Mich.; hometown: Jacksonville, N.C.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from North Carolina State 

University 

Bachelor of Science in Physics from North Carolina State University 

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from North Carolina State University 

Expedition 59/60/61 on Soyuz in 2019-2020

6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 15 minutes

Total time in space: 328 days

22. LINDGREN, Kjell N., M.D.

Born Jan. 23, 1973, in Taipei, Taiwan; home country: England
Bachelor of Science in Biology from the U.S. Air Force Academy 

Master of Science in Cardiovascular Physiology from Colorado State University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Colorado

National Library of Medicine Post-Doctoral Fellowship and Master of Health 

Informatics from University of Minnesota

Master of Public Health from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston 

Board-certified in emergency medicine and aerospace medicine

Expedition 44/45 on Soyuz in 2015

Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022

2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 4 minutes

Total time in space: Mission ongoing

23. MANN, Nicole A., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps

Born June 27, 1977, in Petaluma, Calif.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics 

from Stanford University

Total time in space: 0 

24. McARTHUR, Megan K., Ph.D.

Born Aug. 30, 1971, in Honolulu, Hawaii; home state: California

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of CaliforniaLos Angeles

Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography from the University of California-San 

Diego

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Crew-2 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2021

Total time in space: 212 days

25. MCCLAIN, Anne C., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army

Born June 7, 1979, in Spokane, Wash.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical/Aeronautical Engineering from 

U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Bath (England)

Master of Science in International Relations from University of Bristol (England)

Expedition 58/59 in 2018-2019

2 spacewalks for total time of 13 hours, 8 minutes

Total time in space: 203 days

26. MEIR, Jessica U., Ph.D.

Born July 1, 1977, in Caribou, Maine; hometown: same

Bachelor of Arts in Biology from Brown University

Master of Science in Space Studies from International Space University

(France)

Doctorate in Marine Biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Expedition 61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020

3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 44 minutes

Total time in space: 205 days

27. MOGHBELI, Jasmin, Major, U.S. Marine Corps
Born June 24, 1983, in Bad Nauheim, Germany; hometown: Baldwin, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering with Information Technology 

from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate 

School

Total time in space: 0

28. MORGAN, Andrew “Drew” R., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Army

Born Feb. 5, 1976, in Morgantown, W.Va.; hometown: New Castle, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Environmental Engineering from the U.S. Military 

Academy

Doctorate in Medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health 

Sciences

Expedition 60/61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020

7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 48 minutes

Total time in space: 272 days

29. O’HARA, Loral

Born May 3, 1983, in Houston; hometown: Sugarland, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Kansas

Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Purdue University

Total time in space: 0 

30. PETTIT, Donald R., Ph.D.

Born April 20, 1955, in Silverton, Ore.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Oregon State University

Doctorate in Chemical Engineering from University of Arizona

Expedition 6 on Soyuz in 2003

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

Expedition 30/31 on Soyuz in 2012

2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes

Total time in space: 369 days

31. RUBINS, Kathleen “Kate,” Ph.D.

Born Oct. 14, 1978, in Farmington, Conn.; hometown: Napa, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Molecular Biology from the University of California-San 

Diego

Doctor of Philosophy in Cancer Biology from Stanford University Medical 

School

Expedition 48/49 on Soyuz in 2016

Expedition 63/64 on Soyuz in 2020-2021

4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 46 minutes

Total time in space: 300 days

32. RUBIO, Frank, M.D., Major, U.S. Army

Born Dec. 11, 1976, in Los Angeles, Calif.; hometown: Miami, Fla.

Bachelor’s in International Relations from the United States Military Academy 

Doctor of Medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health 

Sciences

Total time in space: 0 
33. TINGLE, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 19, 1965, in Attleboro, Mass.; hometown: Randolph, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Southeastern 

Massachusetts University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics

and propulsion from Purdue University

Expedition 54/55 on Soyuz in 2017-2018

1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 24 minutes

Total time in space: 168 days

34. VANDE HEI, Mark T., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Nov. 10, 1966, in Falls Church, Va.; hometown: Chanhassen, Minn.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Saint John’s University

Master of Science in Applied Physics from Stanford University

Expedition 53/54 on Soyuz in 2017-2018

Expedition 64/65 on Soyuz in 2021

4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 523 days

35. WALKER, Shannon, Ph.D.

Born June 4, 1965, in Houston, Texas; hometown: same

Bachelor of Arts, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in Space Physics 

from Rice University

Expedition 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010

Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021

Total time in space: 331 days

36. WATKINS, Jessica, Ph.D.

Born May 5, 1988, in Gaithersburg, Md.; hometown: Lafayette, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Geological and Environmental Sciences from Stanford 

University

Doctorate in Geology from the University of California, Los Angeles

Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022

Total time in space: Mission ongoing

37. WHEELOCK, Douglas H., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born May 5, 1960, in Binghamton, N.Y.; hometown: Windsor, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Engineering

from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of 

Technology

STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007

Expeditions 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010

6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 30 minutes

Total time in space: 178 days

38. WILLIAMS, Sunita “Suni” L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 19, 1965, in Euclid, Ohio; hometown: Needham, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Physical Science from the U.S. Naval Academy
Master of Science in Engineering Management from Florida Institute of 

Technology

Expedition 14/15: Launched on STS-116 Space Shuttle Discovery & Landed on

STS-117 Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

Expedition 32/33 on Soyuz in 2012

7 spacewalks for a total time of 50 hours, 40 minutes

Total time in space: 321 days

39. WILMORE, Barry “Butch” E., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Dec. 29, 1962, in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; hometown: Mount Juliet, Tenn.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from 

Tennessee Technological University

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Expedition 41/42 on Soyuz in 2014-2015

4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 36 minutes

Total time in space: 178 days

40. WILSON, Stephanie D.

Born Sept. 27, 1966, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Pittsfield, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from Harvard University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

Total time in space: 42 days

41. WISEMAN, G. Reid, Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Nov. 11, 1975; hometown: Baltimore, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Computer & Systems Engineering from 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y

Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Johns Hopkins University

Expedition 40/41 on Soyuz in 2013-2014

2 spacewalks for total time of 12 hours, 47 minutes

Total time in space: 165 days
2.2 U.S. MANAGEMENT ASTRONAUTS

42. ARNOLD, Richard R., II

Educator astronaut

Born Nov. 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Md.; hometown: Bowie, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Frostburg State University

Master of Science in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from

University of Maryland

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018

5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 4 minutes

Total time in space: 209 days

43. AUÑÓN-CHANCELLOR, Serena M., M.D.

Born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from George Washington

University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas - Health Science Center in 

Houston

Expedition 56/57 on Soyuz in 2018

Total time in space: 197 days 

44. BOWERSOX, Kenneth D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Nov. 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Va.; hometown: Bedford, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

Expedition 6: STS-113 Endeavour (up) in 2002 and Soyuz (down) in 2003

2 spacewalks with total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes

Total time in space: 211 days

45. CABANA, Robert D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Jan. 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minn.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy

STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

Total time in space: 37 days, 22 hours, 42 minutes

46. CAGLE, Yvonne D., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born April 24, 1959, in West Point, N.Y.; hometown: Novato, Calif.

Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from San Francisco State University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Washington

Certified senior aviation medical examiner from FAA

Total time in space: 0 
47. CAMARDA, Charles J., Ph.D.

Born May 8, 1952, in Queens, N.Y.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of 

Brooklyn

Master of Science in Engineering Science from George Washington University

Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from Virginia Polytechnic 

Institute and State University

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

Total time in space: 13 days

48. CREAMER, Timothy J. “T.J.”, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Nov. 15, 1959, in Fort Huachuca, Ariz.; hometown: Upper Marlboro, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Loyola College

Master of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Expedition 22/23 on Soyuz in 2010

Total time in space: 163 days

49. DREW, B. Alvin, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 5, 1962, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering and Physics from the 

U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Aerospace Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Master of Strategic Studies in Political Science from the U.S. Air Force 

Academy

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 48 minutes

Total time in space: 25 days

50. FORRESTER, Patrick G., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Applied Sciences and Engineering from U.S. Military

Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from University of

Virginia

STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 30 minutes

Total time in space: 39 days

51. KELLY, James “Jim” M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 14, 1964, in Burlington, Iowa; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama

STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

Total time in space: 26 days

52. LINNEHAN, Richard M., B.S., D.V.M., MPA
Born Sept. 19, 1957, in Lowell Mass.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Animal Sciences (minor in microbiology) from

University of New Hampshire

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Master of Public Administration from The Kennedy School of Government at 

Harvard University

STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 59 days

53. LOVE, Stanley G., Ph.D.

Born June 8, 1965, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Eugene, Ore.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from

University of Washington

STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008

2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 23 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days

54. MELROY, Pamela A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, Calif.; hometown Rochester, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Physics & Astronomy from Wellesley College

Master of Science in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007

Total time in space: 38 days

55. MORIN, Lee M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 9, 1952, in Manchester, N.H.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Mathematical/Electrical Science from the 

University of New Hampshire

Master of Science in Biochemistry from New York University

Doctor of Medicine from New York University

Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology from New York University

Master of Public Health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Master of Physics from University of Houston-Clear Lake

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

2 spacewalks for a total time of 14 hours, 7 minutes

Total time in space: 10 days

56. RICHARDS, Paul W.

 Born May 20, 1964 in Scranton, Pa; hometown: Dunmore, Pa.

 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University

 Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland
 STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes

 Total time in space: 12 days

57. WILCUTT, Terrence “Terry” W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

 Born Oct. 31, 1949 in Russellville, Ky.; hometown: Louisville, Ky.

 Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from Western Kentucky University

 STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

 STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

 STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

 STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

 Total time in space: 42 days

58. WILLIAMS, Jeffrey “Jeff” N., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Jan. 18, 1958, in Superior, Wis.; hometown: Winter, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Engineering

from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval 

War College

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Expedition 13 on Soyuz in 2006

Expeditions 21/22 on Soyuz in 2009

Expeditions 47/48 on Soyuz in 2016

5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 534 days
2.3 NASA ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES

AYERS, V. Nichole, Major, U.S. Air Force

Born ,1989, in San Diego, Cal.; hometown: Divide, Colorado 

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics with a minor in Russian from the U.S. Air Force 

Academy

Master of Science in Computational and Applied Mathematics from Rice University 

BERRIOS, G. Marcos, Ph.D., Major, U.S. Air Force

Born, 1984 Fort Campbell, TN.; hometown: Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Doctorate in Aeronautics from Stanford University 

U.S. Naval Test Pilot School 

BIRCH, M. Christina, Ph.D. 

Born Nov.17, 1986, in Mesa, Ariz.; hometown: Gilbert, Arizona

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of Arizona

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics with a minor in Spanish 

from University of Arizona

Doctorate in Biological Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

BURNHAM, M. Deniz, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy

Born in 1985 at Incirlik Air Base in Turkey; home: Wasilla, Alaska

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from University of California

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Southern California

DELANEY, Luke, Major, U.S. Marine Corps, (retired)

Born in 1979 Miami FL.; hometown: DeBary, Florida

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of North Florida

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Naval Postgraduate School

DOUGLAS, Andre, Ph.D. 

Born 1986 in Miami FL.; hometown: Chesapeake, Virginia

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Michigan

Master of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from University of 

Michigan

Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from John Hopkins 

University

Doctorate in Systems Engineering from George Washington University 

HATHAWAY, Jack, Commander, U.S. Navy 

Born 1982 in South Windsor, Connecticut

Bachelor of Science in Physics and History from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Flight Dynamics from Cranfield University 

Master of Science in National Security and Strategic Studies from U.S. Naval War 

College

Empire Test Pilot School 
MENON, S. Anil, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Oct. 15, 1976 in Minneapolis, Minnesota

Bachelor of Science in Neurobiology from Harvard University 

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University 

Doctor of Medicine, Stanford Medical School 

Residency of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University

Fellowship in Wilderness Medicine, Stanford University

Residency in Aerospace Medicine from University of Texas Medical Branch at 

Galveston 

Master of Science in Public Health from University of Texas Medical Branch at 

Galveston

WILLIAMS, L. Christopher, Ph.D. 

Born 1983 in New York City, NY.; hometown: Potomac, Maryland

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Stanford University 

Doctorate in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Residency Training at Harvard Medical Residency Program 

WITTNER, A. Jessica, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy

Born 1983 Fresno, CA.; hometown: Clovis, California

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Arizona 

U.S. Naval Test Pilot School 

Master of science in Aerospace Engineering from U.S. Naval Post Graduate School 

Naval Command and staff graduate from U.S. Naval War College
2.3 FORMER U.S. ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

ACTON, Loren W., Ph.D.

Payload specialist

Born March 7, 1936, in Lewiston, Mont.

Bachelor of Science from Montana State University

Doctorate from the University of Colorado

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days

ADAMSON, James C., Colonel, U. S. Army (retired)

Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University

Graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School

STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989

STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

Total time in space: 13 days

AKERS, Thomas D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Mo.; hometown: Eminence, Mo.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Applied Mathematics from the

Missouri University of Science and Technology

STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 40 minutes

Total time in space: 33 days

ALDRIN, Buzz, Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy

Doctor of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Gemini 12 in 1966

Apollo 11 in 1969

2 spacewalks for a total time of 4 hours, 41 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days

ALLEN, Andrew M., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University

Master’s in Business Administration from the University of Florida

STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

Total time in space: 37 days

ALLEN, Joseph P., Ph.D.

Born June 27, 1937, in Crawfordsville, Ind.
Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from DePauw University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Yale University

STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 13 days

ALTMAN, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 15, 1959, in Lincoln, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from the University 

of Illinois

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998

STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Total time in space: 51 days

ANDERS, William A., Major General, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired)

Born Oct. 17, 1933, in Hong Kong

Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U. S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology

Apollo 8 in 1968

Total time in space: 6 days

ANDERSON, Clayton C.

Born Feb. 23, 1959, in Omaha, Neb.; hometown: Ashland, Neb.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Hastings College

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University

Expedition 15: STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-120 on Space 

Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2007

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

6 spacewalks for a total time of 38 hours, 28 minutes

Total time in space: 166 days

ANTONELLI, Dominic A., Commander, U.S. Navy

Born August 23, 1967, in Detroit, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from University of Washington

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 

STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010

Total time in space: 24 days

APT, Jerome, Ph.D.

Born April 18, 1949, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Harvard College

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 13 minutes

Total time in space: 35 days

ARCHAMBAULT, Lee J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 25, 1960, in Oak Park, Ill.; hometown: Bellwood, Ill.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautical/astronautical 

engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Total time in space: 26 days

ASHBY, Jeffrey S., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born June 16, 1954, in Dallas, Texas; hometown: Evergreen, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Idaho

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee

Graduate of the Naval Test Pilot School

Graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun)

STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999

STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

Total time in space: 27 days

BAGIAN, James P., M.D.

Born Feb. 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University

Doctor of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University

STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

Total time in space: 14 days

BAKER, Ellen S., M.D.

Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: New York, N.Y.

Bachelor of Arts in Geology from the State University of New York – Buffalo

Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University

Master of Public Health from the University of Texas

STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

Total time in space: 28 days

BAKER, Michael A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Oct. 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tenn.; hometown: Lemoore, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas

STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
Total time in space: 40 days

BARRY, Daniel T, M.D., Ph.D.

Born Dec. 30, 1953, in Norwalk, Conn.; hometown: South Hadley, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University

Master of Engineering from Princeton University

Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering/computer science 

from Princeton University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Miami

STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 49 minutes

Total time in space: 30 days

BARTOE, John-David F., Ph.D.

Payload Specialist

Born Nov. 17, 1944, in Abington, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Lehigh University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy of Physics from Georgetown University

SS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days 

BEHNKEN, Robert L., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born July 28, 1970, in Creve Coeur, Mo.; hometown: St. Ann, Mo.

Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mechanical Engineering from Washington 

University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from

California Institute of Technology

STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

Demo-2 and Expedition 63 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020

10 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 10 minutes

Total time in space: 63 days

BLAHA, John E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 26, 1942, in San Antonio, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University

STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

Mir: STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) in 1996 and STS-81 on Atlantis 

(landing) in 1997

Total time in space: 160 days

BLOOMFIELD, Michael J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born March 16, 1959, in Flint, Mich.; hometown: Lake Fenton, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Mechanics from the U.S Air Force Academy
Master of Engineering Management from Old Dominion University

STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

Total time in space: 32 days

BLUFORD, Guion S., Jr., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 22, 1942, in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from The Pennsylvania State

University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from the Air 

Force Institute of Technology

Master of Business Administration from the University of Houston-Clear Lake

STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

Total time in space: 28 days

BOBKO, Karol J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Dec. 23, 1937, in New York, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern 

California

STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

Total time in space: 16 days

BOLDEN, Charles F., Jr., Major General, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Aug. 19, 1946, in Columbia, S.C.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Science from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Systems Management from the University of Southern 

California

STS-61-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986

STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

Total time in space: 28 days

BORMAN, Frank, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born March 14, 1928, in Gary, Ind.,

Bachelor of Science the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from California Institute of 

Technology

Gemini 7 in 1965

Apollo 8 in 1968

Total time in space: 19 days
BRAND, Vance D., U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Reserve and Air National Guard 

(retired)

Born May 9, 1931, in Longmont, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Business and Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical

Engineering from the University of Colorado

Master of Business Administration from the University of California, Los Angeles

ASTP in 1975

STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

Total time in space: 31 days

BRANDENSTEIN, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Jan. 17, 1943, in Watertown, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Physics from the University of Wisconsin

STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

Total time in space: 32 days

BRIDGES, Roy D., Jr., Major General, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born July 19, 1943, in Atlanta, Ga.

Bachelor of Engineering Science from the U.S Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautics from Purdue University

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days

BROWN, Curtis L., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born March 11, 1956, in Elizabethtown, N.C.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy

STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994

STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

Total time in space: 57 days

BROWN, Mark N., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 18, 1951, in Valparaiso, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from Purdue 

University

Master of Science in astronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of

Technology

STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989

STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

Total time in space: 10 days

BUCHLI, James F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born June 20, 1945, in New Rockford, N.D.: hometown: Fargo, N.D.
Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering Systems from the University of West 

Florida

STS-51-C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

Total time in space: 20 days

BUCKEY, Jay Clark, M.D.

Payload specialist

Born June 6, 1956, in New York, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering Cornell University

Doctorate in Medicine, Cornell University

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia 1998

Total time in space: 15 days

BURBANK, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Coast Guard (retired)

Born July 27, 1961, in Manchester, Conn.; hometown: Yarmouthport, Mass. 

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University

STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006

Expedition 29/30 on Soyuz in 2012

1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 11 minutes

Total time in space: 188 days

BURSCH, Daniel W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 25, 1957 in Bristol, Pa.; hometown: Vestal, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Engineering Science from the Naval Postgraduate School

STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

Expedition 4: STS-108 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 Endeavour 

(landing) in 2002

2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes

Total time in space: 226 days

CAMERON, Kenneth D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Nov. 29, 1949, in Cleveland, Ohio

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Graduated from the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School

Master of Business Administration from Michigan State University

STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

Total time in space: 23 days

CAREY, Duane G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born April 30, 1957, in St. Paul, Minn.
Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering & Mechanics from the University of 

Minnesota-Minneapolis

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of MinnesotaMinneapolis

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

Total time in space: 10 days

CASPER, John H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born July 9, 1943, in Greenville, S.C.; hometown: Gainesville, Ga.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautics from Purdue University

Graduate of the Air Force Air War College

STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

Total time in space: 34 days, 9 hours, 52 minutes

CASSIDY, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born Jan. 4, 1970, in Salem, Mass.; hometown: York, Maine

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009

Expedition 35/36 on Soyuz in 2013

Expedition 63 on Soyuz in 2020

10 spacewalks for a total time of 54 hours, 51 minutes 

Total time in space: 378 days

CENKER, Robert

Payload specialist

Born Nov. 5, 1948, in Uniontown, Pa.

Bachelor’s in Aerospace Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University

Master’s in Aerospace Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University

Master’s in Electrical Engineering from Rutgers University

STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia

Total time in space: 6 days

CHAMITOFF, Gregory E., Ph.D.

Born August 6, 1962, in Montreal, Canada; hometown: San Jose, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from California Polytechnic 

State University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from California Institute of 

Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Planetary Geology from University of Houston-Clear Lake

Expedition 17/18: STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch), STS-126

Endeavour (landing) in 2008

STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011

2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes
Total time in space: 198 days

CHANG-DIAZ, Franklin R., Ph.D.

Born April 5, 1950, in San Jose, Costa Rica

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Connecticut

Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Plasma Physics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986

STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 30 minutes

Total time in space: 66 days

CHIAO, Leroy, Ph.D.

Born Aug. 28, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Danville, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from the University of California

Berkeley

Master of Science and Doctorate in Chemical Engineering from the University of 

California-Santa Barbara

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

Expedition 10 on Soyuz in 2004-2005

6 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 19 minutes

Total time in space: 229 days

CHILTON, Kevin P., General, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 3, 1954, in Los Angeles

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

Total time in space: 29 days

CLEAVE, Mary L., Ph. D.

Born Feb. 5, 1947, in Southampton, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Biological Sciences from Colorado State University

Master of Science in Microbial Ecology from Utah State University

Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering from Utah State University

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

Total time in space: 10 days

COATS, Michael L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Jan. 16, 1946, in Sacramento, Calif.
Bachelor of Science from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Administration of Science & technology from George 

Washington University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

Total time in space: 19 days

COCKRELL, Kenneth D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired)

Born April 9, 1950, in Austin, Texas; hometown: Rockdale, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas

Master of Science in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida

STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

Total time in space: 64 days

COLEMAN, Catherine G. “Cady,” Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Dec. 14, 1960, in Charleston, S.C.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Polymer Science & Engineering from the 

University of Massachusetts

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999

Expedition 26/27 on Soyuz in 2011

Total time in space: 180 days

COLLINS, Eileen M., Colonel, U.S Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 19, 1956, in Elmira, N.Y.

Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics & Economics from Syracuse University

Master of Science in Operations Research from Stanford University

Master of Arts in Space Systems Management from Webster University

STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

Total time in space: 37 days

COVEY, Richard O., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 1, 1946, in Fayetteville, Ark.; hometown: Fort Walton Beach, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Purdue University

STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988

STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

Total time in space: 26 days
CREIGHTON, John O., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born April 28, 1943, in Orange, Texas

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Administration of Science & Technology from George

Washington University

STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

Total time in space: 16 days

CRIPPEN, Robert L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 11, 1937, in Beaumont, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas

STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981

STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 23 days

CROUCH, Roger K., Ph.D.

Payload specialist

Born Sept. 12, 1940, in Jamestown, Tenn.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Tennessee Polytechnic Institute

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Virginia 

Polytechnic Institute

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

Total time in space: 19 days

CULBERTSON, Frank L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born May 15, 1949, in Charleston, S.C.; hometown: Holly Hill, S.C.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

Expedition 3: STS-105 Discovery (launch) and STS-108 Endeavour (landing) in 

2001

1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 4 minutes

Total time in space: 143 days

CURBEAM, Robert L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 5, 1962, in Baltimore, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School

Degree in Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 33 minutes
Total time in space: 37 days

CURRIE-GREGG, Nancy J. (Sherlock), Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Dec. 29, 1958, in Wilmington, Del.; hometown: Troy, Ohio

Bachelor of Arts in Biological Science from Ohio State University

Master of Science in Safety Engineering from the University of Southern California

Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial Engineering from the University of Houston

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

Total time in space: 41 days

DAVIS, N. Jan, Ph.D.

Born Nov. 1, 1953, in Cocoa Beach, Fla.; hometown: Huntsville, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Biology from Georgia Institute of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Auburn University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from the

University of Alabama-Huntsville

STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

Total time in space: 28 days 

DELUCAS, Lawrence J., Ph.D.

Payload specialist

Born July 11, 1950, in Syracuse, N. Y.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Chemistry, Bachelor of Science in

Physiological Optics, Doctorate in Optometry, and Doctorate in Biochemistry

from the University of Alabama at Birmingham 

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

Total time in space: 13 days

DUFFY, Brian, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 20, 1953, in Boston, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Systems Management from the University of Southern

California

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

Total time in space: 40 days

DUKE, Charles M., Jr., Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Oct. 3, 1935, in Charlotte, N.C.

Bachelor of Science in Naval Sciences from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Apollo 16 in 1972

3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes

Total time in space: 11 days

DUNBAR, Bonnie, Ph.D.
Born March 3, 1949, in Sunnyside, Wash.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Ceramic Engineering from the 

University of Washington

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical/Biomedical Engineering from the University 

of Houston

Certified Professional Engineer in Texas

STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

Total time in space: 50 days

DURRANCE, Samuel T., Ph.D.

Payload specialist

Born Sept. 17, 1943, in Tallahassee, Fla.; hometown: Tampa, Fla.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Physics from California State 

University, Los Angeles, Calif.

Doctor of Philosophy in Astro-Geophysics from the University of Colorado

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

Total time in space: 25 days

DUTTON, James P., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Nov. 20, 1968, in Eugene, Ore.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from the University of Washington

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

Total time in space: 15 days

EDWARDS, Joe F., Jr., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Feb. 3, 1958, in Richmond, Va.; hometowns: Roanoke and Lineville, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville

STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

Total time in space: 8 days

ENGLAND, Anthony W., Ph.D.

Born May 15, 1942, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: West Fargo, N.D.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Geology and Doctor of Philosophy in 

Geophysics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days

ENGLE, Joe H., Major General, Air National Guard/U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 26, 1932, in Dickinson County, Kan.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Kansas

16 flights in USAF/NASA X-15 – 3 flights into space

ALT flights 2 and 4

STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981

STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
Total time in space: 9 days

FABIAN, John M., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Jan. 28, 1939, in Goose Creek, Texas; hometown: Pullman, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Washington State University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of

Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Aeronautics & Astronautics from the University of 

Washington

STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

Total time in space: 13 days

FERGUSON, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 1, 1961, in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011

Total time in space: 40 days 

FETTMAN, Martin J., Ph.D.

Payload specialist

Born Dec. 31, 1956, in Brooklyn, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Animal Nutrition from Cornell University

Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology from Colorado State University

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia

Total time in space: 14 days

FISCHER, Jack D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Jan. 23, 1974, in Louisville, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology 

Expedition 51/52 on Soyuz in 2017

2 spacewalks for a total time of 6 hours, 59 minutes

Total time in space: 136 days

FISHER, Anna L., M.D.

Born Aug. 24, 1949, in New York, N.Y.; hometown: San Pedro, Calif.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Chemistry from the University of 

California-Los Angeles

Doctor of Medicine from the University of California-Los Angeles

STS-51-A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

Total time in space: 7 days

FISHER, William F., M.D.

Born April 1, 1946, in Dallas, Texas
Bachelor of Arts from Stanford University

Master of Science in Engineering from the University of Houston

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Florida

STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes

Total time in space: 7 days

FOALE, C. Michael, Ph.D.

Born Jan. 6, 1957, in Louth, England; hometown: Cambridge, England

Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Cambridge University

Doctor of Philosophy in Laboratory Astrophysics from Cambridge University

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

Mir 23 on STS-84 Atlantis (launch) and STS-86 Atlantis (landing) in 1997

STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

Expedition 8 on Soyuz in 2003

4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 45 minutes

Total time in space: 373 days

FORD, Kevin A., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born July 7, 1960, in Portland, Ind.; hometown: Montpelier, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Notre Dame

Master of Science in International Relations from Troy State University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Florida

 Doctorate in Astronautical Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology

Graduate of Squadron Officer School, the Air Command and Staff College

Associate Program and Air War College

STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Expedition 33/34 on Soyuz in 2013

Total time in space: 157 days

FOREMAN, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 29, 1957, in Columbus, Ohio; hometown: Wadsworth, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 20 minutes 

Total time in space: 26 days

FOSSUM, Michael E., U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired)

Born Dec. 19, 1957, in Sioux Falls, S.D.; hometown: McAllen, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University

Master of Science in Systems Engineering from the Air Force Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Physical Science (Space Science) from the 

University of Houston-Clear Lake

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008

Expedition 28/29 on Soyuz in 2011

7 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 32 minutes 

Total time in space: 193 days

FRICK, Stephen N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 30, 1964, in Pittsburgh, Pa..; hometown: Gibsonia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008

Total time in space: 23 days

GAFFNEY, F. Andrew (Drew), M.D.

Payload specialist

Born June 9, 1946, in Carlsbad, N.M.

Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley

Doctor of Medicine from the University of New Mexico

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

Total time in space: 9 days

GARAN, Ronald J., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Oct. 30, 1961, in Yonkers, N.Y. 

Bachelor of Science in Business Economics from State University of New York

Master of Aeronautical Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Florida

STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008

Expedition 27/28, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2011

4 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 3 minutes

Total time in space: 177 days

GARDNER, Guy S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Jan. 6, 1948, in Alta-Vista, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Sciences, Astronautics and Mathematics from

the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautics from Purdue University

STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

Total time in space: 13 days

GARN, Jake, U. S. Senator

Payload specialist

Born Oct. 12, 1932, in Richfield, Utah

Bachelor of Science in Business and Finance from the University of Utah

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days

GEMAR, Charles D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Yankton, S.D.; hometown: Scotland, S.D.
Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy

STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

Total time in space: 24 days

GERNHARDT, Michael L., Ph.D.

Born May 4, 1956, in Mansfield, Ohio; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Vanderbilt University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Bioengineering from

University of Pennsylvania

STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

4 spacewalks for a total time of 23 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 43 days

GIBSON, Edward G., Ph.D.

Born Nov. 8, 1936, in Buffalo, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the University of Rochester

Master of Science in Engineering and Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering from

California Institute of Technology

Skylab 4 in 1974

3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 21 minutes

Total time in space: 84 days

GIBSON, Robert L. “Hoot”, Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Oct. 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, N.Y.; hometown: Lakewood, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from California Polytechnic 

Institute

STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986

STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988

STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

Total time in space: 36 days

GODWIN, Linda M., Ph.D. 

Born July 2, 1952, in Cape Girardeau, Mo.; hometown: Jackson, Mo

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Physics from Southeast Missouri State

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from the University of 

Missouri

STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 14 minutes

Total time in space: 38 days
GOOD, Michael T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Oct. 13, 1962, in Parma, Ohio; hometown: Broadview Heights, Ohio

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the 

University of Notre Dame

STS-125 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2009

STS-132 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2010

4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 53 minutes

Total time in space: 24 days

GORIE, Dominic L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born May 2, 1957, in Lake Charles, La.

Bachelor of Science in Ocean Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee

STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

Total time in space: 48 days

GRABE, Ronald J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 13, 1945, in New York, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

Total time in space: 26 days

GREGORY, Frederick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Jan. 7, 1941, in Washington D.C.

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master’s in Information Systems from George Washington University

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

Total time in space: 18 days

GREGORY, William G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 14, 1957, in Lockport, N.Y

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Engineering Mechanics from Columbia University

Master of Science in Management from Troy State University

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

Total time in space: 16 days

GRUNSFELD, John M., Ph.D.

Born Oct. 10, 1958 in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from the University of 

Chicago

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

8 spacewalks for a total time of 58 hours, 30 minutes

Total time in space: 58 days

GUTIERREZ, Sidney M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 27, 1951, in Albuquerque, N.M.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Arts in Management from Webster College

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

Total time in space: 20 days

HAISE, Fred W., Jr.

Born Nov. 14, 1933, in Biloxi, Miss.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma

ALT tests 1, 3, 5

Apollo 13 in 1970

Total time in space: 5 days

HALSELL, James D., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept. 29, 1956, in Monroe, La.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Management from Troy State University

Master of Science in Space Operations from the U.S. Air Force Institute of 

Technology

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Total time in space: 52 days

HAM, Kenneth T., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Dec. 12, 1964, in Plainfield, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School

STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008

STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010

Total time in space: 25 days

HAMMOND, L. Blaine, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Jan. 16, 1952, in Savannah, Ga.; hometown: St. Louis, Mo.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science and Mechanics from the U. S. Air 

Force Academy
Master of Science in Engineering Science and Mechanics from the Georgia Institute 

of Technology

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

Total time in space: 19 days

HARBAUGH, Gregory J.

Born April 15, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown: Willoughby, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from Purdue 

Master of Science in Physical Science from the University of Houston-Clear Lake

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 29 minutes

Total time in space: 34 days

HARRIS, Bernard A., Jr., M.D. 

Born June 26, 1956, in Temple, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Houston

Doctor of Medicine from Texas Tech University

STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 39 minutes

Total time in space: 18 days

HART, Terry J.

Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Lehigh University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Rutgers University

STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 6 days

HAUCK, Frederick H., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born April 11, 1941, in Long Beach, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Tufts University

Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988

Total time in space: 18 days

HAWLEY, Steven A., Ph. D.

Born Dec. 12, 1951, in Ottawa, Kan.; hometown: Salina, Kan.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics & Astronomy from the University of Kansas

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy & Astrophysics from the University of California

STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986

STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999

Total time in space: 32 days

HELMS, Susan J., Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force

Born Feb. 26, 1958, in Charlotte, N.C.; hometown: Portland, Ore.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University

STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Expedition 2: STS-102 Discovery (launch) and STS-105 Discovery (landing) in 2001

1 spacewalk for a total time of 8 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 210 days

HENNEN, Thomas J., Chief Warrant Officer, U. S. Army (retired)

Payload specialist

Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Albany, Ga.; hometown: Columbus, Ohio

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

Total time in space: 6 days

HENDRICKS, Terence T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born July 5, 1952, in Bryan, Ohio; hometown: Woodville, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Arts in Public Administration from Golden Gate University

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

Total time in space: 42 days

HERNANDEZ, Jose M.

Born Aug. 7, 1962, in French Camp, Calif.; hometown: Stockton, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Pacific

Master of Science in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of 

California-Santa Barbara

STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Total time in space: 13 days

HERRINGTON, John B., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Sept. 14, 1958, in Wetumka, Okla.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics from the University of Colorado

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 13 days

HIEB, Richard J.

Born Sept. 21, 1955, in Jamestown, N.D.
Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from Northwest Nazarene College

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 31 days

HIGGINBOTHAM, Joan E.

Born Aug. 3, 1964 in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale

Master’s in Management from the Florida Institute of Technology 

Master’s in Space Systems from Florida Institute of Technology

STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

Total time in space: 12 days

HILMERS, David O., Colonel, U.S Marine Corps (retired)

Born Jan. 28, 1950, in Clinton, Iowa

Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from Cornell University

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988

STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

Total time in space: 20 days

HIRE, Kathryn P. “Kay,” Captain, U.S Navy Reserve

Born Aug. 26, 1959, in Mobile, Ala.; hometown: Merritt Island, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering & Management from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Space Technology from Florida State Institute of Technology

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

Total time in space: 29 days

HOBAUGH, Charles O., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Nov. 6, 1961, in Bar Harbor, Maine

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Total time in space: 36 days

HOFFMAN, Jeffrey A., Ph.D. 

Born Nov. 2, 1944, in Brooklyn, N.Y.; hometown: Scarsdale, N.Y.

Bachelor of Arts in Astronomy from Amherst College

Master’s Degree in Materials Science from Rice University

Doctor of Philosophy in Astrophysics from Harvard University

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 8 minutes

Total time in space: 50 days

HOLMQUEST, Donald L., Ph.D., M.D., J.D.

Born April 7, 1939, in Dallas, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University

Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology from Baylor University

Doctor of Medicine from Baylor University

Juris Doctorate from the University of Houston

Total time in space: 0 

HOROWITZ, Scott J., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born March 24, 1957, in Philadelphia, Pa.; hometown: Thousand Oaks, Calif. 

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from California State University-Northridge

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of 

Technology

STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

STS-105 on Discovery in 2001

Total time in space: 47 days 

HUGHES-FULFORD, Millie, Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born Dec. 21, 1945, in Mineral Wells, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry and Biology from Tarleton State University

Doctor of Philosophy from Texas Woman’s University

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

Total time in space: 9 days 

HURLEY, Douglas G., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Oct. 21, 1966 in Endicott, N.Y.; hometown: Apalachin, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Tulane University

STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009

STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011

SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo 2 in 2020

Total time in space: 64 days

IVINS, Marsha S.

Born April 15, 1951, in Baltimore, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado

STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

Total time in space: 55 days
JEMISON, Mae C., M.D. 

Born Oct. 17, 1956, in Decatur, Ala.; hometown: Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University

Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University

STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

Total time in space: 7 days

JERNIGAN, Tamara E., Ph.D. 

Born May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga, Tenn.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Stanford University

Master of Science in Engineering Science from Stanford University

Master of Science in Astronomy from the University of California-Berkeley

Doctor of Philosophy in Space Physics and astronomy from Rice University

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

1 spacewalk with total time of 7 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 62 days

JETT, Brent W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Oct. 5, 1958, in Pontiac, Mich.; hometown: Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006

Total time in space: 41 days

JOHNSON, Gregory C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 30, 1954, in Seattle, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Washington

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Total time in space: 12 days

JOHNSON, Gregory H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 12, 1962, in South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Flight Structures Engineering from Columbia University

Master of Business Administration from the University of Texas

STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011

Total time in space: 31 days

JONES, Thomas D., Ph.D. 

Born Jan. 22, 1955, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown: Essex, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Basic Sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy
Doctor on Philosophy in Planetary Science from the University of Arizona

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 48 minutes

Total time in space: 53 days

KAVANDI, Janet L., Ph.D.

Born July 17, 1959, in Springfield, Mo.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Missouri Southern State University

Master of Science in Chemistry from the Missouri University of Science and 

Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Analytical Chemistry from the University of Washington

STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

Total time in space: 33 days

KELLY, Mark E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J.; hometown: West Orange, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering & Nautical Science from the U.S.

Merchant Marine Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008

STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011

Total time in space: 54 days

KELLY, Scott J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the State University of 

New York Maritime College

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville

STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

Expedition 26, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 20 minutes

Total time in space: 520 days

KERWIN, Joseph P., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Feb. 19, 1932, in Oak Park, Ill.

Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy from College of the Holy Cross

Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University Medical School

Skylab 2 in 1973

1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 25 minutes

Total time in space: 28 days
KILRAIN (Still), Susan L., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born October 24, 1961, in Augusta, Ga.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Embry-Riddle University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

Total time in space: 19 days

KIMBROUGH, Robert “Shane”, Colonel, U.S. Army

Born June 4, 1967, in Killeen, Texas; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Operations Research from Georgia Institute of Technology

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

Expedition 49/50 on Soyuz in 2016-2017

Crew-2 and Expedition 64/65 in 2021

9 spacewalks for a total time of 59 hours, 28 minutes as of August 31, 2021

Total time in space: 388 days

KOPRA, Timothy L., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born April 9, 1963, in Austin, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology

Master of Strategic Studies from the U. S. Army War College

Expedition 20: STS-127 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-128 Space 

Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009

Expedition 46/47 in 2015-2016

3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 31 minutes

Total time in space: 58 days

KREGEL, Kevin R.

Born Sept. 16, 1956, in New York City; hometown: Amityville, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U. S. Air Force Academy

Master of Public Administration from Troy State University

STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

Total time in space: 52 days

LAWRENCE, Wendy B., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 2, 1959, in Jacksonville, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Ocean Engineering from the U.S Naval Academy

Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

Total time in space: 50 days
LEE, Mark C., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 14, 1952, in Viroqua, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 1 minute

Total time in space: 32 days

LEESTMA, David C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born May 6, 1949, in Muskegon, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-41-G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes

Total time in space: 22 days

LESLIE, Fred W., Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born Dec. 19, 1951, in Ancon, Panama

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the University of Texas

Doctor of Philosophy and Master’s in Meteorology from the University of Oklahoma 

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

Total time in space: 15 days

LICHTENBERG, Byron K., Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born Feb. 19, 1948, in Stroudsburg, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Brown University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Doctor of Science Biomedical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 

Total time in space: 19 days

LIND, Don L., Ph.D. 

Born May 18, 1930, in Midvale, Utah

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the University of Utah

Doctor of Philosophy in High-Energy Nuclear Physics from the University of 

California-Berkley

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 7 days,
LINDSEY, Steven W., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Aug. 24, 1960, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: Temple City, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of

Technology

STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

Total time in space: 62 days

LINENGER, Jerry M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Jan. 16, 1955, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Eastpointe, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Bioscience from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Systems Management from the University of Southern 

California

Master of Public Health in Health Policy from the University of North Carolina

Doctor of Medicine from Wayne State University

Doctor of Philosophy in Epidemiology from the University of North Carolina

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-81 Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-84 Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) 

in 1997

1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 59 minutes

Total time in space: 143 days

LINTERIS, Gregory T., Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born Oct. 4, 1957, in Demarest, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from 

Princeton University

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS 94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

Total time in space: 19 days

LOCKHART, Paul S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born April 28, 1956, in Amarillo, Texas

Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from Texas Tech University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas

Graduate of the Royal College of Defense Studies, London, England

STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

Total time in space: 27 days

LOPEZ-ALEGRIA, Michael E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born May 30, 1958, in Madrid, Spain; hometown: Mission Viejo, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

Graduate of Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Program for Senior

Executives in National and International Security

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

Expedition 14 on Soyuz in 2006

10 spacewalks for a total time of 67 hours, 40 minutes

Total time in space: 257 days

LORIA, Christopher J. “Gus”, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born July 9, 1960, in Belmont, Mass.; hometown: League City, Texas

Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master’s in Public Administration from Harvard University John F. Kennedy School

of Government

Total time in space: 0 

LOUSMA, Jack R., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Feb. 29, 1936, in Grand Rapids, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Michigan

Master in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School

Skylab 3 in 1973

STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 2 minutes

Total time in space: 67 days

LOVELL, James A., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy

Advanced Management Program – Harvard Business School

Gemini 7 in 1965

Gemini 12 in 1966

Apollo 8 in 1968

Apollo 13 in 1970

Total time in space: 29 days

LU, Edward T., Ph.D. 

Born July 1, 1963, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University

Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Physics from Stanford University

STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Expedition 7 on Soyuz in 2003

1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours 14 minutes

Total time in space: 206 days 

LUCID, Shannon W., Ph.D. 

Born Jan. 14, 1943, in Shanghai, China; hometown: Bethany, Okla.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Oklahoma
Master of Science in Biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma

Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma

STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

Mir: STS-76 on Atlantis (launch) and STS-79 on Atlantis (landing) in 1996 

Total time in space: 223 days

MAGNUS, Sandra H., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 30, 1964, in Belleville, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the University of Missouri-Rolla

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Missouri University of Science 

and Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering from Georgia Institute of

Technology

STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

Expedition 18: STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-119 on

Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009

STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011

Total time in space: 157 days

MARSHBURN, Thomas H., M.D.

Born Aug. 29, 1960, in Statesville, N.C.; hometown: same

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Davidson College

Master of Science in Engineering Physics from University of Virginia

Doctor of Medicine from Wake Forest University

Master’s in Medical Science from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston

STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009

Expedition 34/35 on Soyuz in 2013

Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022

5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 1 minutes

Total time in space: 337 Days

MASSIMINO, Michael J., Ph.D.

Born Aug. 19, 1962, in Oceanside, N.Y.; hometown: Franklin Square, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering from Columbia University

Master of Science in Technology and Policy from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

4 spacewalks with total time of 30 hours, 44 minutes

Total time in space: 23 days

MASTRACCHIO, Richard A.

Born Feb. 11, 1960, in Waterbury, Conn. 
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the 

University of Connecticut

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 

Master of Science in Physical Sciences from the University of Houston-Clear Lake

STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

9 spacewalks for a total time of 53 hours, 4 minutes

Total time in space: 39 days

MATTINGLY, Thomas K., II, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 17, 1936, in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Auburn University

Apollo 16 in 1972

STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 24 minutes

Total time in space: 21 days

McARTHUR, William S. “Bill,” Jr., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born July 26, 1951, in Laurinburg, N.C.; hometown: Wakulla, N.C.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Science & Engineering from the U.S. Military 

Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

Expedition 12 on Soyuz in 2005

4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 21 minutes

Total time in space: 224 days

McBRIDE, Jon A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 14, 1943, in Charleston, W. Va.; hometown: Beckley, W.V. 

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval 

Postgraduate School

STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes

McCULLEY, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 4, 1943, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Livingston, Tenn.

Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical Engineering from Purdue University

Master of Science in Metallurgical Engineering from Purdue University

STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

Total time in space: 4 days 

McMONAGLE, Donald R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 14, 1952, in Flint, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering for the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from California State UniversityFresno
STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994

Total time in space: 25 days

MEADE, Carl J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Nov. 16, 1950 at Chanute Air Force Base, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering from the University of Texas

Master of Science in Electronics Engineering from California Institute of Technology

STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 51 minutes

Total time in space: 29 days

MELNICK, Bruce E., Commander, U.S. Coast Guard (retired)

Born Dec. 5, 1949, in New York, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S Coast Guard Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Systems from West Florida University

STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

Total time in space: 12 days

MELVIN, Leland D.

Born Feb. 15, 1964, in Lynchburg, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Richmond

Master of Science in Materials Science Engineering from the University of Virginia

STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

Total time in space: 23 days

METCALF-LINDENBURGER, Dorothy M.

Educator Astronaut

Born May 2, 1975, in Colorado Springs, Colo.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.

Bachelor of Arts in Geology from Whitman College

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

Total time in space: 15 days

MORGAN, Barbara R.

Born Nov. 28, 1951, in Fresno, Calif.; hometowns: Fresno, Calif. and McCall, Idaho

Bachelor of Arts in Human Biology from Stanford University

Teaching credentials from the College of Notre Dame – Belmont, California

STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007

Total time in space: 12 days

MULLANE, Richard M. (Mike), Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept. 10, 1945, in Wichita Falls, Texas; hometown: Albuquerque, N.M.

Bachelor of Science in Military Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Air Force Institute of 

Technology
STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988

STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

Total time in space: 14 days

MUSGRAVE, Story, M.D. 

Born Aug. 19, 1935, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Lexington, Ky.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Statistics from Syracuse University

Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Marietta College

Master of Business Administration in Operations Analysis and Computer 

Programming from the University of California-Los Angeles

Master of Science in Physiology and Biophysics from the University of Kentucky

Master of Arts in Literature from the University of Houston

Doctor of Medicine from Columbia University

STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 53 days

NELSON, Bill, J.D., U. S. senator

Payload specialist

Born Sept. 29, 1942, in Miami, Fla.

Bachelor’s degree from Yale University

Law degree from the University of Virginia

STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1985

Total time in space: 6 days

NELSON, George D., Ph.D. 

Born July 13, 1950, in Charles City, Iowa; hometown: Willmar, Minn.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College

Master of Science in Astronomy from the University of Washington

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from the University of Washington

STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-6-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986

STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988

2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hour, 22 minutes

Total time in space: 17 days

NEWMAN, James H., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 16, 1956, in Trust Territory, Pacific Islands; hometown: San Diego, Calif.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Dartmouth College

Master of Arts in Physics from Rice University

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Rice University

STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002

6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 13 minutes

Total time in space: 43 days

NOREIGA, Carlos I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Oct. 8, 1959, in Lima, Peru; hometown: Santa Clara, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from the University of Southern California

Master of Science in Computer Science from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School

Master of Science in Space Systems Operations from the Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1987

STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 20 minutes

Total time in space: 20 days

NOWAK, Lisa M. Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born May 10, 1963, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: Rockville, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

Total time in space: 12 days

NYBERG, Karen L., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 7, 1969, in Parker’s Prairie, Minn.; hometown: Vining, Minn.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of North Dakota

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from the 

University of Texas

STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008

Expedition 36/37 on Soyuz in 2013

Total time in space: 180 days 

OCHOA, Ellen, Ph.D. 

Born May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles; hometown: La Mesa, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from San Diego State University

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from 

Stanford University

STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994

STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

Total time in space: 40 days

O’CONNOR, Bryan D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Sept. 6, 1946, in Orange, Calif.; hometown: Twentynine Palms, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Systems from West Florida University

Graduated Naval Safety School from the Naval Postgraduate School

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
Total time in space: 15 days

OEFELEIN, William A., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 29, 1965, in Ft. Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Anchorage, Alaska

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Oregon State University

Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee Space 

Institute

STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

Total time in space: 12 days, 20 hours, 45 minutes

OLIVAS, John D., Ph.D. 

Born May 25, 1966, in North Hollywood, Calif.; hometown: El Paso, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas-El 

Paso

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Houston

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science from Rice 

University

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

5 spacewalks for a total time of 34 hours, 28 minutes

Total time in space: 27 days

OSWALD, Stephen S.

Born June 30, 1951, in Seattle, Wash.; hometown: Bellingham, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

Total time in space: 33 days

PAILES, William A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Payload Specialist

Born June 26, 1952, in Hackensack, N.J.; hometown: Kinnelon, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from the U. S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Computer Science from Texas A&M University

STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

Total time in space: 4 days

PARAZYNSKI, Scott E., M.D. 

Born July 28, 1961, in Little Rock, Ark.; hometowns: Palo Alto, Calif. and 

Evergreen, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Biology from Stanford University

Doctor of Medicine from Stanford University

STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994

STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007

7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 5 minutes

Total time in space: 58 days
PARKER, Robert A. R., Ph.D. 

Born Dec. 14, 1936, in New York City

Bachelor of Arts in Astronomy and Physics from Amherst College

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from California Institute of Technology

STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

Total time in space: 19 days

PATRICK, Nicholas J.M., Ph.D.

Born March 22, 1964, in Saltburn, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom; hometowns: 

London, England, and Rye, N.Y.

Bachelor of Arts in Engineering from the University of Cambridge, England

Master of Arts in Engineering from the University of Cambridge, England

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 14 minutes

Total time in space: 26 days

PAWELCZYK, James A., Ph.D.

Payload Specialist

Born Sept. 20, 1960, in Buffalo, N.Y.; hometown: Elma, N.Y.

Bachelor of Arts in Biology and Psychology from the University of Rochester

Master of Science in Physiology from Pennsylvania State University

Doctor of Philosophy in Biology from the University of North Texas

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998

Total time in space: 15 days

PAYTON, Gary E., major, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Payload Specialist

Born June 20, 1948, in Rock Island, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering the U. S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautical and Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue 

University 

STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

Total time in space: 3 days

PHILLIPS, John L., Captain, Ph.D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired)

Born April 15, 1951, in Fort Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Scottsdale, Ariz.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy

Bachelor of Science in Russian from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida

Master of Science in Geophysics and Space Physics from the University of 

California-Los Angeles

Doctorate in Geophysics and Space Physics from the University of CaliforniaLos Angeles

STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001

Expedition 11 on Soyuz in 2005

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 58 minutes
Total time in space: 203 days

POLANSKY, Mark L.

Born June 2, 1956, in Paterson, N.J.; hometown: Edison, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering from Purdue 

University

Master of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering from Purdue 

University

STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009

Total time in space: 41 days

PRECOURT, Charles J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 29, 1955, in Waltham, Mass.; hometown: Hudson, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Engineering Management from Golden Gate University

Master of Arts in National Security Affairs & Strategic Studies from the U.S Naval

War College

STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

Total time in space: 39 days

READDY, William F., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Jan. 24, 1952, in Quonset Point, R.I.; hometown: McLean, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S Naval Academy

STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

Total time in space: 28 days

REIGHTLER, Kenneth S., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born March 24, 1951, in Patuxent River, MD; hometown: Virginia Beach, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

Master of Science in Systems Management from the University of Southern 

California

STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

Total time in space: 13 days

REILLY, James F., Ph.D. 

Born March 18, 1954, at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho; hometown: Mesquite, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas

Master of Science in Geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas

Doctor of Philosophy in Geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas

STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

5 spacewalks for a total time of 30 hours, 39 minutes

Total time in space: 35 days

REISMAN, Garrett E., Ph.D. 

Born Feb. 10, 1968, in Morristown, N.J.; hometown: Parsippany, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of 

Technology

Expedition 16/17: STS-123 Endeavour (launch) and STS-124 Discovery (landing),

in 2008

STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 107 days

RICHARDS, Richard N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 24, 1946, in Key West, Fla.; hometown: St. Louis, Mo.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from the University of Missouri

Master of Science in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida

STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989

STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

Total time in space: 33 days

ROBINSON, Stephen K., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 26, 1955, in Sacramento, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical/Aeronautical Engineering from the University of 

California – Davis

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering (minor in aeronautics and 

astronautics) from Stanford University

STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 5 minutes 

Total time in space: 48 days

ROMINGER, Kent V., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 7, 1956, in Del Norte, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Colorado State University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1991

Total time in space: 67 days

ROSS, Jerry L., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Jan. 20, 1948, in Crown Point, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988

STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995

STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

9 spacewalks for a total time of 57 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 58 days

RUNCO, Mario, Jr., Lieutenant Commander, U.S Navy (retired)

Born Jan. 26, 1952, in Bronx, N.Y. 

Bachelor of Science in Earth & Planetary Science from City College of New York

Master of Science in Atmospheric Physics from Rutgers University

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 28 minutes

Total time in space: 22 days

SACCO, Albert, Jr., Ph.D.

Payload Specialist

Born May 3, 1949, in Boston, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Northeastern University

Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

Time in space: 15 days

SATCHER, Robert L., Jr., M.D. 

Born Sept. 22, 1965, in Hampton, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Doctorate in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Doctor of Medicine from Harvard University

STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009

2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 19 minutes 

Total time in space: 10 days

SCHMITT, Harrison H.

Born July 3, 1935, in Santa Rita, N.M.

Bachelor of Science in Geology from California Institute of Technology
Doctor of Philosophy in Geology from Harvard University

Apollo 17 in 1972

3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 5 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days

SCHWEICKART, Russell L.

Born on Oct. 25, 1935 in Neptune, N.J.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Apollo 9 in 1969

1 spacewalk for a total time of 46 minutes 

Total time in space: 10 days 

SCOTT, David R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 6, 1932, in San Antonio, Texas

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Gemini 8 in 1966

Apollo 9 in 1969

Apollo 15 in 1971

3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 35 minutes

Total time in space: 22 days

SCOTT, Winston E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Aug. 6, 1950, in Miami, Fla.

Bachelor of Arts in music from Florida State University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

STS-72 on Endeavour in 1996

STS-87 on Columbia in 1997

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 36 minutes

Total time in space: 24 days

SCULLY- POWER, Paul D.

Payload specialist

Born May 28, 1944, in Sydney, Australia

Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics from the University of Sydney

STS-41G on Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 8 days

SEDDON, Margaret Rhea

Born Nov. 8, 1947, in Murfreesboro, Tenn.

Bachelor of Arts in Physiology from the University of California-Berkeley

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Tennessee

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
Total time in space: 30 days

SEGA, Ronald M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired)

Born Dec. 4, 1952, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometowns: Northfield, Ohio, and 

Colorado Springs, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Physics & Math from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Physics from The Ohio State University

Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from the University of Colorado

STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994

STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

Total time in space: 17 days

SHAW, Brewster H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born May 16, 1945, in Cass City, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Mechanics from the University of Wisconsin

Master of Science in Engineering Mechanics from the University of Wisconsin

STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989

Total time in space: 22 days

SHEPHERD, William M., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 26, 1949, in Oak Ridge, Tenn.; hometown: Babylon, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988

STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

Expedition 1: Soyuz (launch) in 2000 and STS-102 Space Shuttle Discovery 

(landing) in 2001

Total time in space: 159 days

SHRIVER, Loren J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept. 23, 1944, in Jefferson, Iowa

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University

STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

Total time in space: 16 days

SMITH, Steven L.

Born Dec. 30, 1958, in Phoenix, Ariz.; hometown: San Jose, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University

Master’s in Business Administration from Stanford University

STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

7 spacewalks for a total time of 49 hours, 48 minutes

Total time in space: 40 days

SPRING, Sherwood C., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Sept. 3, 1944, in Hartford, Conn.

Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from the U.S Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Arizona

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 13 minutes

Total time in space: 6 days

SPRINGER, Robert C., Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born May 21, 1942, in St. Louis; hometown: Ashland, Ohio.

Bachelor of Science in Naval Science from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Operations Research & Systems Analysis from the U.S. Naval 

Postgraduate School

STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

Total time in space: 9 days

STAFFORD, Thomas P., lieutenant general, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Okla.

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy

Gemini 6 in 1965

Gemini 9 in 1966

Apollo 10 in 1969

Apollo Soyuz Test Project in 1975

Total time in space: 21 days

STEFANYSHYN-PIPER, Heidemarie M., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Feb. 7, 1963, in St. Paul, Minn.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006

STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008

5 spacewalks for a total time of 33 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 27 days

STEWART, Robert L., Brigadier General, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Aug. 13, 1942, in District of Columbia

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the University of Southern Mississippi 

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas-Arlington

STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days

STOTT, Nicole P.

Born Nov. 19, 1962, in Albany, N.Y.; hometown: Clearwater, Fla. 
Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University

Master of Science in Engineering Management from the University of Central 

Florida

Expeditions 20/21 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011

1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 35 minutes

Total time in space: 104 days

STURCKOW, Frederick W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Aug. 11, 1961, in La Mesa, Calif.; hometown: Lakeside, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from California Polytechnic 

State University

STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

Total time in space: 51 days

SULLIVAN, Kathryn D., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 3, 1951, in Patterson, N.J.; hometown: Woodland Hills, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Earth Sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz

Master of Science in Earth Sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz

Doctor of Philosophy in Geology from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia

STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992

1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes

Total time in space: 22 days

SWANSON, Steven R., Ph.D.

Born Dec. 3, 1960, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: Steamboat Springs, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Physics from the University of Colorado

Master of Applied Science in Computer Systems from Florida Atlantic University

Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science from Texas A&M University

STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007

STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009

5 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 58 minutes

Total time in space: 26 days, 15 hours, 41 minutes

TANI, Daniel M.

Born Feb. 1, 1961, in Ridley Park, Pa.; hometown: Lombard, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-108 on Endeavour in 2001

Expedition 16: STS-120 Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-122 Space 

Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 2008

6 spacewalks for a total time of 39 hours, 11 minutes

Total time in space: 31 days
TANNER, Joseph R.

Born Jan. 21, 1950, in Danville, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois

STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994

STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997

STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

STS-115 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

7 spacewalks for a total time of 46 hours, 29 minutes

Total time in space: 43 days

THAGARD, Norman E., M.D. 

Born July 3, 1943, in Marianna, Fla.; hometown: Jacksonville, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from Florida State University

Master of Science in Engineering Science from Florida State University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School

STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

Mir: Soyuz (launch) and STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 1995

Total time in space: 140 days

THOMAS, Andrew S.W., Ph.D.

Born Dec. 18, 1951, in Adelaide, South Australia

Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Adelaide

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Adelaide

STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996

Mir: STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-91 on Space Shuttle 

Discovery (landing) in 1998

STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005

1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes

Total time in space: 177 days

THOMAS, Donald A., Ph.D.

Born May 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Case Western Reserve University

Master of Science in Materials Science from Cornell University

Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science from Cornell University

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

Total time in space: 43 days

THORNTON, Kathryn C.,

Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Montgomery, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Auburn University

Master of Science in Physics from the University of Virginia

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from the University of Virginia

STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995

3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 11 minutes

Total time in space: 40 days

THUOT, Pierre J., Commander, U.S. Navy 

Born May 19, 1955, in Groton, Conn.; hometowns: Fairfax, Va., and 

New Bedford, Mass.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in System Management from the University of Southern 

California

STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990

STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992

STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 27 days

TRINH, Eugene H., Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born Sept. 14, 1950, in Saigon, Vietnam. 

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering-Applied Physics from 

Columbia University

Master of Science and of Philosophy in Applied Physics from Yale University

Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Physics from Yale University

STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

Total time in space: 13 days

TRULY, Richard H., vice admiral, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Nov. 12, 1937, in Fayette, Miss.

Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology

ALT tests 2 and 4

STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981

STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

Total time in space: 8 days

VAN DEN BERG, Lodewijk, Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born March 24, 1932, in Sluiskil, The Netherlands

Master of Science in Chemical Engineering from Technical University, Delft, 

The Netherlands

Master of Science in Applied Science from the University of Delaware

Doctor of Philosophy Applied Science from the University of Delaware

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Time in space: 7 days, 8 minutes

VAN HOFTEN, James D., Ph.D. 

Born June 11, 1944, in Fresno, Calif.; hometown: Burlington, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the University of California-Berkeley

Master of Science in Hydraulic Engineering from Colorado State University

Doctor of Philosophy in Fluid Mechanics from Colorado State University
STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

4 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 8 minutes

Total time in space: 14 days

VIRTS, Terry, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Dec. 1967, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown: Columbia, Md. 

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & minor in French from the U.S. Air Force 

Academy

Master of Advanced Studies in Aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 2 minutes

Total time in space: 13 days

VOSS, James S., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born March 3, 1949, in Cordova, Ala.; hometown: Opelika, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Auburn University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering sciences from the University of 

Colorado

STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Expedition 2: STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-105 on Space 

Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2001 

4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 35 minutes

Total time in space: 202 days

WALKER, Charles D.

Payload specialist

Born Aug. 29, 1948, in Bedford, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical Wngineering from 

Purdue University

STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985

Total time in space: 19 days

WALHEIM, Rex J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Oct. 10, 1962, in Redwood, Calif.; hometown: San Carlos, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California 

Berkeley

Master of Science in Industrial Engineering from University of Houston

STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008

STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011

5 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 23 minutes

Total time in space: 36 days
WALZ, Carl E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Sept. 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Kent State University

Master of Science in Solid-State Physics from John Carroll University

STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993

STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994

STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

Expedition 4: STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 on

Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 2002

3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 55 minutes

Total time in space: 230 days

WANG, Taylor G., Ph.D. 

Payload specialist

Born June 16, 1940, Mainland China

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the University of California at Los Angeles

Master of Science in Physics from the University of California at Los Angeles

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from the University of California at Los Angeles

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days

WEBER, Mary E., Ph.D. 

Born Aug. 24, 1962, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown: Bedford Heights, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University

Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Chemistry from the University of CaliforniaBerkeley

STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000

Total time in space: 18 days

WETHERBEE, James D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born Nov. 27, 1952, in Flushing, N.Y.; hometown: Huntington Station, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Notre Dame

STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992

STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001

STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002

Total time in space: 66 days

WHITSON, Peggy A., Ph.D.

Born Feb. 9, 1960, in Mt. Ayr, Iowa; hometown: Beaconsfield, Iowa

Bachelor of Science in Biology/Chemistry from Iowa Wesleyan College

Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry from Rice University

Expedition 5: STS-111 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) & STS-113 Space Shuttle 

Endeavour (landing) in 2002

Expedition 16 on Soyuz 2007

10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes

Total time in space: 376 days
WISOFF, Peter J. K., Ph.D. 

Born Aug. 16, 1958, in Norfolk, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the University of Virginia

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Physics from Stanford 

University

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997

STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000

3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 53 minutes

Total time in space: 44 days

WOLF, David A.

Born Aug. 23, 1956, in Indianapolis, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University

Doctor of Medicine from Indiana University

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

Mir: STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-89 on Space Shuttle 

Endeavour (landing) in 1998

STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis 2002

STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009

7 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 57 minutes

Total time in space: 168 days

WOODWARD, Neil W., III, Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)

Born July 26, 1962, in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Master of Arts in Physics from the University of Texas-Austin

Master of Management from George Washington University

Total time in space: 0 

ZAMKA, George D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born June 29, 1962, in Jersey City, N.J.; hometown: Rochester, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Engineering Management from Florida Institute of Technology

STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007

STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010

Total time in space: 28 days
2.5 DECEASED U.S. ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

ANDERSON, Michael P., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Dec. 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, N.Y.; hometown: Spokane, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Physics/Astronomy from University of Washington

Master of Science in Physics from Creighton University

STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 24 days, 18 hours, 8 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003

ARMSTRONG, Neil A.

Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Southern California

Gemini 8 in 1966

Apollo 11 in 1969

1 spacewalk for a total time of 2 hours, 32 minutes

Total time in space: 8 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes

DIED: Aug. 25, 2012

BASSETT II, Charles A., Captain, U.S. Air Force

Born Dec. 30, 1931, in Dayton, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Texas Technological College

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Feb. 28, 1966

BEAN, Alan L., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born March 15, 1932, in Wheeler, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Texas

Apollo 12 in 1969

Skylab 3 in 1973

3 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 8 minutes

Total time in space: 69 days, 15 hours, 45 minutes

DIED: May 26, 2018 

BRADY, Charles E., Jr., M.D., Captain, U. S. Navy

Born Aug. 12, 1951, in Pinehurst, N.C.; hometown: Robbins, N. C.

Doctor of Medicine from Duke University

STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996

Total time in space: 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes

DIED: July 23, 2006

BROWN, David M., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born April 16, 1956, in Arlington, Va.

Bachelor of Science in Biology from College of William & Mary

Doctor of Medicine from Eastern Virginia Medical School

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
BULL, John S., Ph.D. 

Born Sept. 25, 1934, in Memphis, Tenn.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Rice University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Stanford University

Doctorate in Aeronautical Engineering from Stanford University

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Aug. 11, 2008

CALDEIRO, Fernando

Born June 12, 1958, in Buenos Aires, Argentina; hometown: New York, N.Y. and 

Merritt Island, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Arizona

Master of Science in Engineering Management from University of Central Florida

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Oct. 3, 2009

CARPENTER, M. Scott, Commander, U.S. Navy 

Born May 1, 1925, in Boulder, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Colorado

Mercury 7 in 1962

Total time in space: 4 hours, 54 minutes

DIED: Oct. 10, 2013

CARR, Gerald P., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)

Born Aug. 22, 1932, in Denver, Colo.

Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Southern 

California

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U. S. Naval Post 

Graduate School

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Princeton University

Honorary Doctor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Parks College-St. 

Louis University

Skylab 4 in 1974

3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 49 minutes 

Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes

DIED: August 26, 2020

CARTER, Manley Lanier “Sonny”, M.D., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Aug. 15, 1947, in Macon, Ga.

Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Emory University

Doctor of Medicine from Emory University

STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989

Total time in space: 5 days, 7 minutes

DIED: April 5, 1991

CERNAN, Eugene A., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born March 14, 1934, in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Navy Postgraduate 

School
Gemini 9 in 1966

Apollo 10 in 1969

Apollo 17 in 1972

4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 14 minutes

Total time in space: 23 days, 14 hours, 15 minutes

DIED: January 16, 2017

CHAFFEE, Roger B., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy

Born Feb. 15, 1935, in Grand Rapids, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Jan. 27, 1967

CHAPMAN, Philip K., Ph.D. 

Born March 5, 1935, in Melbourne, Australia

Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mathematics from the University of Sydney

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Doctor of Science in Instrumentation for Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: April 5, 2021

CHAWLA, Kalpana, Ph.D. 

Born July 1, 1961, in Karnal, India

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Texas-Arlington

Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from University of Colorado

STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 30 days, 14 hours, 54 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003

CLARK, Laurel B., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born March 10, 1961, in Ames, Iowa; hometown: Racine, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Wisconsin-Madison

Doctor of Medicine from University of Wisconsin-Madison

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003

CLIFFORD, Michael R., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)

Born Oct. 13, 1952, in San Bernardino, Calif.; hometown: Ogden, Utah

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology

STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994

STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 2 minutes

Total time in space: 27 days, 18 hours, 25 minutes

Died: Dec. 28, 2021
COLLINS, Michael, Major General, U.S. Air Force reserve (retired)

Born Oct. 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy

Bachelor of Science from the U.S Military Academy

Gemini 10 in 1966

Apollo 11 in 1969

1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 27 minutes

Total time in space: 11 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes

DIED: April 28, 2021

CONRAD, Charles “Pete”, Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born June 2, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Princeton University

Gemini 5 in 1965

Gemini 11in 1966

Apollo 12 in 1969

Skylab 2 in 1973

4 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 28 minutes

Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 38 minutes

DIED: July 8, 1999.

COOPER, L. Gordon, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 

Born March 6, 1927, in Shawnee, Okla.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Air Force Institute of 

Technology

Honorary Doctor of Science from Oklahoma City University

Mercury 9 in 1963

Gemini 5 in 1965

Total time in space: 9 days, 9 hours, 15 minutes

DIED: Oct. 4, 2004

CUNNINGHAM, Walter, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve (retired)

Born March 16, 1932, in Creston, Iowa

Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in Physics from the University of 

California-Los Angeles

Apollo 7 in 1968

Total time in space: 10 days

DIED: Jan. 3, 2023

EISELE, Donn F., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 

Born June 23, 1930, in Columbus, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Astronautics from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Astronautics from U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology

Apollo 7 in 1968

Total time in space: 10 days, 20 hours, 8 minutes

DIED: Dec. 2, 1987

EVANS, Ronald E., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born Nov. 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kan.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of Kansas
Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School

Apollo 17 in 1972

1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 7 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes

DIED: April 6, 1990

FREEMAN, Theodore C., Captain, U.S. Air Force

Born Feb. 18, 1930, in Haverford, Pa

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Michigan

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Oct. 31, 1964

FULLERTON, C. Gordon, Colonel, U.S. Air Force 

Born Oct. 11, 1936, in Rochester, N.Y.

Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from 

California Institute of Technology

STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes

DIED: Aug. 21, 2013

GARDNER, Dale A., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born Nov. 8, 1948, in Fairmont, Minn.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Physics from the University of Illinois

STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes

Total time in space: 14 days, 53 minutes

DIED: Feb. 19, 2014

GARRIOTT, Owen K.

Born Nov. 22, 1930, in Enid, Okla.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma

Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from Stanford

University

Skylab 3 in 1973

STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes

Total time in space: 69 days, 18 hours, 56 minutes

DIED: April 15, 2019

GIVENS, Edward G. Jr., Major, U.S. Air Force

Born Jan. 5, 1930, in Quanah, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Naval Sciences from U.S. Naval Academy

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: June 6, 1967

GLENN, John H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps 

Born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio
Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Muskingum College

Mercury 6 in 1962

STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998

Total time in space: 9 days, 2 hours, 39 minutes

DIED: Dec. 8, 2016

GORDON, Richard F., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy 

Born Oct. 5, 1929, in Seattle, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Washington

Gemini 11 in 1966

Apollo 12 in 1969

1 spacewalk for a total time of 38 minutes

Total time in space: 13 days, 3 hours, 53 minutes

DIED: Oct. 4, 2004

GRAVELINE, Duane F.

Born March 2, 1931, in Newport, Vt.

Bachelor of Science from the University of Vermont

Master of Science in Public Health from John Hopkins University

Doctor of Medicine from the University of Vermont

Total time in space: 0

DIED: September 5, 2016 

GRIGGS, S. David

Born Sept. 7, 1939, in Portland, Ore.

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Administration from George Washington University

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 6 minutes

Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 55 minutes

DIED: June 17, 1989

GRISSOM, Virgil I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born April 3, 1926, in Mitchell, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University

Mercury 4 in 1961

Gemini 3 in 1965

Total time in space: 5 hours, 8 minutes

DIED: Jan. 27, 1967

HARTSFIELD, Henry W., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 

Born Nov. 21, 1933, in Birmingham, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Auburn University

Master of Science in Engineering Science from the University of Tennessee

STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 20 days, 2 hours, 50 minutes

DIED: July 17, 2014
HENIZE, Karl G., Ph.D. 

Born Oct. 17, 1926, in Cincinnati, Ohio

Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from University of Virginia

Master of Arts in Astronomy from University of Virginia

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Michigan

STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes

DIED: Oct. 5, 1993

HUSBAND, Rick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born July 12, 1957, in Amarillo, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech University

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from California State University

STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 25 days, 17 hours, 33 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003

IRWIN, James B., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 

Born March 17, 1930, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Naval Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation Engineering from 

University of Michigan

Apollo 15 in 1971

3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 56 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes

DIED: Aug. 8, 1991

JARVIS, Gregory

Payload Specialist

Born Aug. 24, 1944, in Detroit, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from State University of New York at 

Buffalo

Master’s in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University

Total time in space: 0

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

LENOIR, William B.

Born March 14, 1939, in Miami, Fla.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

Total time in space: 5 days, 2 hours, 14 minutes

DIED: Aug. 26, 2012

LLEWELLYN, John A., Ph.D. 

Born April 22, 1933, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University College at Cardiff

Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from the University College of Cardiff

Total time in space: 0

DIED: July 2, 2013

LOUNGE, John M. “Mike”

Born June 28, 1946, in Denver, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mathematics from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Astrogeophysics from University of Colorado

STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

Total time in space: 20 days, 3 hours, 23 minutes

DIED: March 1, 2011

LOW, G. David

Born Feb. 19, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Physics-Engineering from Washington & Lee University

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University

Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Stanford University

STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 50 minutes

Total time in space: 29 days, 18 hours, 6 minutes

DIED: March 15, 2008

MCAULIFFE, S. Christa

Educator Astronaut

Born Sept. 2, 1948, in Boston, Mass.

Bachelor of Arts in Education Framingham State College

Master’s in Education Bowie State College

Total time in space: 0

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 

McCANDLESS, Bruce, II, Captain, U.S. Navy

Born June 8, 1937, in Boston, Mass.

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University 

Master of Science in Business Administration from the University of Houston-Clear 

Lake

STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990

2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes

Total time in space: 13 days, 31 minutes

DIED: Dec. 21, 2017

McCOOL, William C., Commander, U.S. Navy

Born Sept. 23, 1961, in San Diego, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Science from U.S Naval Academy
Master of Science in Computer Science from University of Maryland

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School

STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003

Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes

DIED: Feb. 1, 2003

McDIVITT, James A., Brigadier General U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born June 10, 1929, in Chicago, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the University of Michigan

Gemini 4 in 1965

Apollo 9 in 1969

Total time in space: 14 days

DIED: Oct. 13, 2022

McNAIR, Ronald E., Ph.D.

Born Oct. 21, 1950, in Lake City, S.C.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from North Carolina A&T State College

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

MICHEL, F. Curtis, Ph.D. 

Born June 5, 1934, in LaCrosse, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Physics from California Institute of Technology

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from California Institute of Technology

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Feb. 26, 2015

MITCHELL, Edgar D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Hereford, Texas

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Management from Carnegie Institute of

Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University)

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval 

Postgraduate School

Doctor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology

Apollo 14 in 1971

2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes

Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes

DIED: Feb. 4, 2016

NAGEL, Steven R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Canton, Ill.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Illinois

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from California State UniversityFresno

STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

Total time in space: 30 days, 1 hour, 36 minutes

DIED: Aug. 21, 2014 

O’LEARY, Brian T.

Born Jan. 27, 1940, in Boston, Mass.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Williams College

Master of Arts in Astronomy from Georgetown University

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of California-Berkeley

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: July 28, 2011

ONIZUKA, Ellison S., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born June 24, 1946, in Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Colorado

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Colorado

STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

Total time in space: 3 days, 1 hour, 33, minutes

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

OVERMYER, Robert F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps

Born July 14, 1936, in Lorain, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Baldwin Wallace College

Master of Science in Aeronautics from U.S Naval Postgraduate School

STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 12 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes

DIED: March 22, 1996

PARISE, Ronald A.

Payload Specialist

Born May 24, 1951, in Warren, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Youngstown State University

Master of Science in Astronomy from University of Florida

Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Florida

STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990

STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

Total time in space: 25 days, 14 hours, 14 minutes 

DIED: May 9, 2008

PETERSON, Donald H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Oct. 22, 1933, in Winona, Miss.

Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of 

Technology

STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 17 minutes

Total time in space: 5 days, 23 minutes

DIED: May 27, 2018
POGUE, William, Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Jan. 23, 1930, in Okemah, Okla.

Bachelor of Science in Education from Oklahoma Baptist University

Master of Science in Mathematics from Oklahoma State University

Skylab 4 in 1974

2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 34 minutes

Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes

DIED: March 3, 2014

POINDEXTER, Alan G., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Nov. 5, 1961, in Pasadena, Calif.; hometown: Rockville, Md.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute 

of Technology

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from U.S. Naval 

Postgraduate School

STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008

STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010

Total time in space: 27 days, 21 hours, 9 minutes

DIED: July 1, 2012

RESNIK, Judith A., Ph.D. 

Born April 5, 1949, in Akron, Ohio

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University

Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from University of Maryland

STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

Total time in space: 6 days, 56 minutes

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

RIDE, Sally K., Ph.D. 

Born May 26, 1951, in Los Angeles

Bachelor of Science in Physics from Stanford University

Bachelor of Arts in English from Stanford University

Master of Science in Physics from Stanford University

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Stanford University

STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 14 days, 7 hours, 46 minutes

DIED: July 23, 2012

ROBERTSON, Patricia Hilliard, M.D. 

Born March 12, 1963, in Indiana, Pa.; hometown: Homer City, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Biology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Doctor of Medicine from Medical College of Pennsylvania

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: May 24, 2001

ROOSA, Stuart A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Aug. 16, 1933, in Durango, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Colorado

Apollo 14 in 1971
Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes 

DIED: Dec. 12, 1994

SCHIRRA, Walter M., Captain, U.S Navy

Born March 12, 1923, in Hackensack, N.J.

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Mercury 8 in 1962

Gemini 6 in 1965

Apollo 7 in 1968

Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes

DIED: May 2, 2007

SCOBEE, Francis R., Major, U.S. Air Force

Born May 19.1939, in Cle Elum, Wash.

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Arizona

STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984

Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

SEARFOSS, Richard A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born June 5, 1956, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Portsmouth, N.H.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautics from California Institute of Technology

STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993

STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996

STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998

Total time in space: 39 days, 3 hours, 19 minutes

DIED: Sept. 29, 2018

SEE, Elliot M., Jr.

Born July 23, 1927, in Dallas, Texas

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Merchant Marine Academy

Master of Science in engineering from University of California – Los Angeles

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Feb. 28, 1966

SELLERS, Piers J., Ph.D.

Born April 11, 1955, in Crowborough, Sussex, U.K.

Bachelor of Science in Ecological Science from the University of Edinburgh 

(Scotland)

Doctor of Philosophy in Biometeorology from Leeds University (U.K.)

STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002

STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006

STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010

6 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 10 minutes

Total time in space: 34 days, 23 hours, 4 minutes

DIED: December 23, 2016

SHEPARD, Alan B. Jr., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy

Born Nov. 18, 1923, in East Derry, N.H.
Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Mercury 3 in 1961

Apollo 14 in 1971

2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes

Total time in space: 9 days, 57 minutes

DIED: July 21, 1998

SLAYTON, Donald K., major, U.S. Air Force Reserve

Born March 1, 1924, in Sparta, Wis.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Minnesota

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975

Total time in space: 9 days, 1 hour 28, minutes

DIED: June 13, 1993

SMITH, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Aug. 30, 1945, in Beaufort, N.C.

Bachelor of Science in Naval Science from U.S. Naval Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: Jan. 28, 1986

SWIGERT, John L. Jr.

Born Aug. 30, 1931, in Denver, Colo.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Colorado

Master of Science in Aerospace Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Master of Business Administration from University of Hartford

Apollo 13 in 1970

Total time in space: 5 days, 22 hours, 54 minutes

DIED: Dec. 27, 1982

THORNE, Stephen D., lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy

Born Feb. 11, 1953, in Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany

Bachelor of Science in Engineering from U.S Naval Academy

Total time in space: 0 

DIED: May 24, 1986 

THORNTON, William E., M.D. 

Born April 14, 1929, in Faison, N.C. 

Bachelor of Science in Physics from the University of North Carolina

Doctor of Medicine from the University of North Carolina

STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985

Total time in space: 13 days, 2 hour, 47 minutes

DIED: January 11, 2021

VEACH, Charles Lacy

Born Sept. 18, 1944, in Chicago, Ill.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Management from U.S. Air Force Academy

STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991

STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
Total time in space: 18 days, 4 hours, 18 minutes

DIED: Oct. 3, 1995

VOSS, Janice E., Ph.D.

Born Oct. 8, 1956, in South Bend, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from Purdue University

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Doctor in Aeronautics/Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993

STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995

STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997

STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000

Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 50 minutes

DIED: Feb. 6, 2012 

WALKER, David M., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born May 20, 1944, in Columbus, Ga.; hometown: Eustis, Fla.

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy

STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984

STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992

STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995

Total time in space: 30 days, 4 hours, 30 minutes

DIED: April 23, 2001

WEITZ, Paul J., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born July 25, 1932, in Erie, Pa.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate 

School

Skylab 2 in 1973

STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983

1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 36 minutes

Total time in space: 33 days, 1 hour, 13 minutes

DIED: Oct. 24, 2017

WHITE, Edward H. II, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force

Born Nov. 14, 1930, in San Antonio, Texas

Bachelor of Science from U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Michigan

Gemini 4 in 1965

1 spacewalk for a total time of 36 minutes

Total time in space: 4 days, 1 hour, 56 minutes

DIED: Jan. 27, 1967

WILLIAMS, Clifton C. Jr., Major, U.S. Marine Corps

Born Sept. 26, 1932, in Mobile, Ala.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Auburn University

Total time in space: 0 
DIED: Oct. 5, 1967

WILLIAMS, Donald E., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Feb. 13, 1958 in Lafayette, Ind.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University

STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985

STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989

Total time in space: 11 days, 23 hours, 34 minutes

DIED: Feb. 23, 2016

WORDEN, Alfred M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)

Born Feb. 7, 1932, in Jackson, Mich.

Bachelor of Science in Military Science from the U.S. Military Academy

Master of Science in Astronautical & Aeronautical Engineering & Instrumentation 

Engineering from the University of Michigan

Apollo 15 in 1971

1 spacewalk for a total time of 41 minutes

Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes

DIED: March 18, 2020

YOUNG, John W., Captain, U.S. Navy

Born Sept. 24, 1930, in San Francisco, Calif.

Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the Georgia Institute 

of Technology

Gemini 3 in 1965

Gemini 10 in 1966

Apollo 10 in 1969

Apollo 16 in 1972

STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981 

STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983

3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes

Total time in space: 34 days, 19 hours, 39 minutes

DIED: Jan. 5, 2018
3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS

GROUP 1 - Mercury Astronauts, April 1959: 

Carpenter/USN, Cooper/USAF, Glenn/USMC, Grissom/USAF, Schirra/USN, A. 

Shepard/USN, Slayton/USAF Reserves (7)

GROUP 2 - Pilot Astronauts, September 1962: 

Armstrong, Borman/USAF, Conrad/USN, Lovell/USN, McDivitt/USAF, See, 

Stafford/USAF, White/USAF, Young/USN (9)

GROUP 3 - Pilot Astronauts, October 1963: 

Aldrin/USAF, Anders/USAF, Bassett/USAF, Bean/USN, Cernan/USN, Chaffee/USN, 

M. Collins/USAF, Cunningham/USMC Reserves, Eisele/USAF, Freeman/USAF, 

Gordon/USN, Schweickart/ANG, D. Scott/USAF, C. Williams/USMC (14)

GROUP 4 - Scientist Astronauts, June 1965: 

Garriott, E. Gibson, Graveline, Kerwin/USN, Michel, Schmitt (6)

GROUP 5 - Pilot Astronauts, April 1966: 

Brand, Bull/USN, Carr/USMC, Duke/USAF, Engle/USAF, Evans/USN, 

Givens/USAF, Haise, Irwin/USAF, Lind/USNR, Lousma/USMC, Mattingly/USN, 

McCandless/USN, Mitchell/USN, Pogue/USAF, Roosa/USAF, Swigert, Weitz/USN, 

Worden/USAF (19)

Group 6 - Scientist Astronauts, August 1967: 

J. Allen, Chapman, England, Henize, Holmquest, Lenoir, Llewellyn, Musgrave, 

O’Leary, Parker, W. Thornton (11)

GROUP 7 - Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Astronauts, August 1969: 

Bobko/USAF, Crippen/USN, Fullerton/USAF, Hartsfield/USAF, Overmyer/USMC, 

Peterson/USAF, Truly/USN (7)

GROUP 8 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1978: 

Bluford/USAF, Brandenstein/USN, Buchli/USMC, Coats/USN, Covey/USAF, 

Creighton/USN, Fabian/USAF, A. Fisher, D. Garner/USN, R. Gibson/USN, 

F. Gregory/USAF, Griggs/USNR, Hart/ANG, Hauck/USN, Hawley, Hoffman, Lucid, 

McBride/USN, McNair, Mullane/USAF, Nagel/USAF, Nelson, Onizuka/USAF, 

Resnik, Ride, Scobee/USAF, Seddon, Shaw/USAF, Shriver/USAF, Stewart/USA, 

Sullivan, Thagard, van Hoften/UNR, D. Walker/USN, D. Williams/USN (35)

GROUP 9 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1980: 

Bagian/USAFR, Blaha/USAF, Bolden/USMC, Bridges/USAF, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, 

Dunbar, W. Fisher, G. Gardner/USAF, Grabe/USAF, Hilmers/USMC, Leestma/USN, 

Lounge, O’Connor/USMC, R. Richards/USN, Ross/USAF, M. Smith/USN, 

Spring/USA, Springer/USMC (19)

GROUP 10 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1984: 

Adamson/USA, E. Baker, M. Brown/USAF, Cameron/USMC, Carter/USN, 

Casper/USAF, Culbertson/USN, Gutierrez/USAF, Hammond/USAF, Ivins, 
Lee/USAF, Low, McCulley/USN, W. Shepherd/USN, K. Thornton, Veach/ANG, 

Wetherbee/USN (17)

GROUP 11 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1985: 

Apt, M. Baker/USN, Cabana/USMC, Duffy/USAF, Gemar/USA, Godwin, 

Hendricks/USAF, Hieb, Jernigan, Meade/USAF, Oswald/USNR, Thorne/USN, 

Thuot/USN (13)

GROUP 12 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, August 1987: 

Akers/USAF, A. Allen/USMC, Bowersox/USN, C. Brown/USAF, Chilton/USAF, 

Davis, Foale, Harbaugh, Jemison, McMonagle/USAF, Melnick/USCG, Readdy/USN, 

Reightler/USN, Runco/USN, James Voss/USA (15)

GROUP 13 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1990: 

Bursch/USN, Chiao, Clifford/USA, Cockrell/USN, E. Collins/USAF, Currie (Sherlock)

USA, W. Gregory/USAF, Halsell/USAF, Harris, Helms/USAF, Jones, W. 

McArthur/USA, Newman, Ochoa, Precourt/USAF, Searfoss/USAF, Sega/USAFR, D. 

Thomas, Janice Voss, Walz/USAF, Wilcutt/USMC, Wisoff, Wolf/ANG (23)

GROUP 14 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, March 1992: 

Barry, Brady/USN, Coleman/USAF, Gernhardt, Grunsfeld, Horowitz/USAF, 

Jett/USN, Kregel/, Lawrence/USN, Linenger/USN, Linnehan, Lopez-Alegria/USN, 

Parazynski, Rominger/USN, W. Scott/USN, S. Smith, Tanner, A. Thomas, M. Weber

(19)

GROUP 15 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1995: 

Altman/USN, M. Anderson/USAF, Ashby/USN, Bloomfield/USAF, Chawla, 

Curbeam/USN, Edwards/USN, Gorie/USN, Hire/USNR, Husband/USAF, Kavandi, 

Lindsey/USAF, Lu, Melroy/USAF, Noriega/USMC, Reilly/USNR, S. Robinson, 

Kilrain (Still)/USN, Sturckow/USMC (19)

GROUP 16 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1996: 

D. Brown/USN, Burbank/USCG, Cagle/USAF, Caldeiro, Camarda, Carey/USAF, 

Clark/USN, Fincke/USAF, Forrester/USA, Frick/USN, Herrington/USN, 

Higginbotham, Hobaugh/USMC, J. Kelly/USAF, M. Kelly/USN, S. Kelly/USN, 

Lockhart/USAF, Loria/USMC, Magnus, Massimino, Mastracchio, McCool/USN, 

Morin/USN, Nowak/USN, Pettit, Phillips/USNR, Polansky, P. Richards, Sellers, 

Stefanyshyn-Piper/USN, Tani, Walheim/USAF, Whitson, J. Williams/USA, Wilson

(35)

GROUP 17 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1998: 

C. Anderson, Archambault/USAF, Dyson (Caldwell), Chamitoff, Creamer/USA, 

Ferguson/USN, Foreman/USN, Fossum/USAFR, Ham/USN, G.C. Johnson/USNR, 

G.H. Johnson (Box)/USAF, Love, Melvin, B. Morgan, Oefelein/USN, Olivas, Patrick,

Poindexter/USN, Reisman, Robertson, Swanson, Wheelock/USA, S. Williams/USN, 

Woodward/USN, Zamka/USMC (25)

GROUP 18 - Pilots and Mission Specialists, July 2000: 
Antonelli/USN, Barratt, Behnken/USAF, Boe/USAF, Bowen/USN, Drew/USAF, 

Feustel, Ford/USAF, Garan/USAF, Good/USAF, Hurley/USMC, Kopra/USA, M. 

McArthur, Nyberg, Stott, Virts/USAF, Wilmore/USN (17)

GROUP 19 - Pilots, Mission Specialists & Educator Mission Specialists, May 2004: 

Acaba (edu), Arnold (edu), Bresnik/USMC, Cassidy/USN, Dutton/USAF, 

Hernandez, Kimbrough/USA, Marshburn, Metcalf-Lindenburger (edu), Satcher, S. 

Walker (11)

GROUP 20 – U. S. Astronauts, July 2009 

Aunon, Epps, Fischer/USAF, Hopkins/USAF, Lindgren, Rubins, Tingle/USN, 

Vande Hei/USA, Wiseman/USN (9) 

GROUP 21 – U.S. Astronauts, June 2013

Cassada/USN, Glover/USN, Hague/USAF, Koch, Mann/USMC, McClain/USA, Meir, 

A. Morgan/USA (8)

GROUP 22- U.S. Astronauts, June 2017

Barron/USN, Cardman, Chari/USAF, Dominick/USN, Hines/USAF, Hoburg, 

Kim/USN, Moghbeli/USMC, O’Hara, Rubio/USA, Watkins

GROUP 23- U.S. Astronauts, December 2021

Ayers/USAF, Berrios/USAF, Birch, Burnham/USN, Delaney/USMC, Douglas, 

Hathaway/USN, Menon/USAF, Williams, Wittner/USN
4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR

In honor of NASA's 20th anniversary, President Jimmy Carter visited NASA John F. 

Kennedy Space Center on October 1, 1978, and awarded the first Congressional Space 

Medal of Honor to six former astronauts. Authorized by Congress in 1969, the award 

recognized "any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished 

himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation 

and mankind." Recipients are recommended by the NASA Administrator and presented 

by the President of the United States. These astronauts received this special honor:

Neil A. Armstrong, for actions to overcome problems on the Gemini 8 mission and 

for Apollo 11 when he took his "...giant leap for mankind."

Frank Borman, who commanded the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions. The latter 

was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.

Charles Conrad, Jr., who participated in four space flights of increasing duration, 

complexity and achievement: Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2. On the first 

manned Skylab mission, he commanded the crew that performed repairs to the 

damaged orbital workshop, thus saving the two-billion-dollar program from potential 

failure.

John H. Glenn, Jr., who in Mercury 6 was the first American to orbit the Earth. The

success of his flight demonstrated the value of the human pilot in space.

Virgil I. Grissom (posthumously), the second American in space, who took part in 

Mercury and Gemini flights and lost his life during preparations for the first Apollo flight. 

He flew on Mercury 4 and Gemini 3.

Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who was the first American in space, aboard Mercury 3. He 

also commanded the Apollo 14 mission.

Roger B. Chaffee (posthumously) was one of the third group of astronauts chosen 

but lost his life before his first flight during preparations for the first Apollo flight. 

President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

Edward H. White (posthumously) piloted Gemini 4 and performed the first U.S. 

space walk, floating outside the capsule for 21 minutes. President William Clinton 

awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

John W. Young, who demonstrated leadership, courage, and technical skill in a 

space flight career that spanned two decades and five (at that time) space flights pivotal 

to human progress in space. He flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, and 

STS-1 prior to receipt of the medal which was presented May 19, 1981, by President 

Ronald Reagan.

Thomas J. Stafford, who commanded the first flight of the lunar module to the Moon 

and the American crew that rendezvoused with a Soviet spacecraft in 1975. He was 

recognized for his past contributions, and for continuing to serve the Nation in charting a 
future vision for our space program. He flew on Gemini 6 and 9, Apollo 10, and the 

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Vice President Dan Quayle at the direction of President 

George Bush presented the medal in 1992.

James A. Lovell, who flew on Gemini 7 and 12, and Apollo 8 and 13, was presented 

the medal on July 26, 1995. In his remarks, President Bill Clinton especially commended 

Lovell for his performance on Apollo 13, which demonstrated, “the kind of 

resourcefulness, grit, and grace under pressure that is the province of heroes.”

Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days in space on the U.S. space shuttle and the 

Russian space station Mir, was presented the medal on December 2, 1996. Noting that 

the medal is given out sparingly because it honors “extraordinary service to the nation,” 

President Bill Clinton added that “Dr. Lucid achieved that kind of service for 188 days 

this year, the longest flight by an American in space, the longest time for any woman of 

any nation in space, five shuttle missions altogether.”

William Shepherd, who was the first astronaut to command a crew on the 

International Space Station, received the medal from President George W. Bush on 

January 15, 2003. Shepherd and the two other members of his crew spent 141 days in 

space, beginning a new era of international cooperation in space exploration.

Rick D. Husband, Willie C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. 

Anderson, Laurel B. Clark and Ilan Ramon were posthumously presented the medal for 

their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nations and mankind. President George W. 

Bush presented the medal to their families on February 3, 2004.

Francis R. Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith A. Resnik, Ellison S. Onizuka, Ronald 

E. McNair, Gregory B. Jarvis and Sharon Christa McAuliffe were posthumously 

presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nation and mankind. 

President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on July 23, 2004.

Robert Crippen was presented the medal for his dedicated service to the country as 

a military aviator, test pilot, engineer, and astronaut, including his assignment as pilot for 

the historic STS-1 mission, the first orbital spaceflight of the Space Shuttle program. In 

the same month as the 25th anniversary of STS-1, the medal was presented by NASA 

Administrator Michael Griffin in the name of President George W. Bush on April 26, 

2006. 
5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES

5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES

STATE ASTRONAUT STATUS

Alabama (6) Hartsfield, Hank Deceased

Hire, Kathryn Former

Jemison, Mae Former

Thornton, Kathryn Former

Voss, James S. Former

Williams, Clifton C. Deceased

Alaska (1) Burnham, M. Deniz Candidate

Arizona (3) Birch, M. Christina Candidate

Creamer, T. J. Management

Smith, Steven Former

Arkansas (2) Covey, Richard Former

Parazynski, Scott Former

California (30) Acaba, Joseph Active

Dyson, Tracy Caldwell Active

Cassada, Josh A. Active

Chamitoff, Gregory Former

Chilton, Kevin Former

Clifford, Michael Former

Coats, Michael Former

Glover, Victor J. Active

Hauck, Rick Former

Hernandez, Jose Former

Kim, Jonny Active

Lindsey, Steve Former

Love, Stanley Management

Mann, Nicole Anuapu Active

McCulley, Michael Former

McCool, Willie Deceased

Melroy, Pamela Management

Morgan, Barbara Former

Ochoa, Ellen Former

O'Connor, Bryan Former

Olivas, John "Danny" Former

Poindexter, Alan Deceased

Ride, Sally Deceased

Robinson, Steve Former

Rubio, Frank Active

Sturckow, Rick Former

van Hoften, James Former

Walheim, Rex Former

Wittner, A. Jessica Candidate
Young, John Deceased

Colorado (11) Ayers, Nichole Candidate

Brand, Vance Former 

Carpenter, Scott Deceased

Carr, Gerald Deceased

Dominick, Matthew Active

Fischer, Jack Former

Lounge, John "Mike" Deceased

Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dottie Former

Rominger, Kent Former

Roosa, Stuart Deceased

Swigert, John Deceased

Connecticut (7) Barry, Dan Former

Burbank, Dan Former

Hathaway, Jack Candidate

Mastracchio, Richard Former

Rubins, Kathleen “Kate” Active

Spring, Sherwood “Woody” Former

Thuot, Pierre Former

DC (4) 

 Drew, B. Alvin Management

Gregory, Fred Former

Nowak, Lisa Former

Stewart, Robert Former

Delaware (1) Currie, Nancy Former

Florida (8) Boe, Eric Active

Davis, Jan Former

Delaney, Luke Candidate

Lawrence, Wendy Former

Lenoir, William Deceased

Richards, Richard Former

Scott, Winston Former

Thagard, Norman Former

Georgia (5) Bridges, Roy Former

Carter, Manley "Sonny" Deceased

Hammond, Blaine Former

Kilrain, Susan (Still) Former

Walker, David Deceased

Hawaii (2) McArthur, Megan Active

Onizuka, Ellison Deceased

Idaho (2) Barron, Kayla Active

Reilly, James Former

Illinois (15) Altman, Scott Former

Archambault, Lee J. Former

Cardman, Zena Active

Cernan, Eugene Deceased
Grunsfeld, John Former

Higginbotham, Joan Former

Kerwin, Joe Former

Magnus, Sandy Former

Mattingly, Tom Former

McDivitt, James “Jim” Deceased

Meade, Carl Former

Nagel, Steve Deceased

Tanner, Joe Former

Veach, Charles “Lacy” Deceased

Woodward, Neil Former

Indiana (11) Allen, Joe Former

Auñón-Chancellor, Serena Active

Borman, Frank Former

Brown, Mark Former

England, Anthony “Tony” Former

Ford, Kevin Former

Grissom, Virgil “Gus” Deceased

Ross, Jerry Former

Voss, Janice E. Deceased

Williams, Donald Deceased

Wolf, David Former

Iowa (7) Clark, Laurel Deceased

Cunningham, Walter Former

Hilmers, Dave Former

Kelly, James “Jim” Management

Nelson, George Former

Shriver, Loren Former

Whitson, Peggy Former

Kansas (4) Engle, Joseph Former

Evans, Ronald Deceased

Hague, Tyler N. “Nick” Active

Hawley, Steven Former

Kentucky (2) Bresnik, Randolph “Randy” Active

Wilcutt, Terrance “Terry” Management

Louisiana (2) Gorie, Dominic Former

Halsell, James Former

Maine (2) Hobaugh, Charles Former

Meir, Jessica U. Active

Maryland (9) Arnold, Richard “Ricky” Management

Curbeam, Robert Former

Ivins, Marsha Former

Jones, Tom Former

Reightler, Kenneth Former

Virts, Terry Former
Watkins, Jessica Active

Wiseman, G. Reid Active

Williams, L. Christopher Candidate

Massachusetts (13) Apt, Jay Former

Bowen, Steve Active

Cassidy, Christopher J. Former

Duffy, Brian Former

Linnehan, Richard Management

Loria, Chris Former

Lu, Ed Former

McCandless, Bruce Deceased

Musgrave, Story Former

O'Leary, Brian Deceased

Precourt, Charlie Former

Tingle, Scott Active

Wilson, Stephanie Active

Michigan (11) Antonelli, Dominic “Tony” Former

Bloomfield, Michael Former

Chaffee, Roger Deceased

Jett, Brent Former

Leestma, David Former

Linenger, Jerry Former

Lousma, Jack Former

McMonagle, Donald Former

Searfoss, Richard Deceased

Shaw, Brewster Former

Worden, Al Deceased

Minnesota (6) Cabana, Robert Management

Carey, Duane Former

Gardner, Dale Deceased

Menon, S. Anil Candidate 

Nyberg, Karen Former

Stefanyshyn-Piper, H.M. Former

Mississippi (3) Haise, Fred Former

Peterson, Donald Deceased

Truly, Richard Former

Missouri (6) Akers, Thomas Former

Behnken, Robert Former

Godwin, Linda Former

Hopkins, Mike Active

Kavandi, Janet Former

Springer, Robert Former

Nebraska (1) Anderson, Clayton Former

New Hampshire (2) Morin, Lee Management

Shepard, Alan Deceased
New Jersey (10) Aldrin, Edwin "Buzz" Former

Ham, Ken Former

Kelly, Mark Former

Kelly, Scott Former

Polansky, Mark Former

Reisman, Garrett Former

Schirra, Walter “Wally” Deceased

Schweickart, Russell “Rusty” Former

Sullivan, Kathy Former

Zamka, George Former

New Mexico (2) Gutierrez, Sidney Former

Schmitt, Harrison Former

New York (26) Adamson, James Former

Anderson, Michael Deceased

Bobko, Karol Former

Cagle, Yvonne Management

Camarda, Charles J. Management

Cleave, Mary Former

Collins, Eileen Former

Epps, Jeanette Active

Fisher, Anna Former

Fullerton, Gordon Deceased

Garan, Ronald Former

Gibson, Edward Former

Gibson, Robert Former

Grabe, Ron Former

Gregory, William Former

Hurley, Douglas Former

Hoffman, Jeffrey Former

Kregel, Kevin Former

Massimino, Michael Former

Melnick, Bruce Former

Parker, Robert Former

Runco, Mario Former

Stott, Nicole Former

Swanson, Steve Former

Wetherbee, James Former

Wheelock, Douglas Active

North Carolina (11) Baker, Ellen Former

Brady, Charles Deceased

Brown, Curt Former

Duke, Charlie Former

Helms, Susan Former

Hines, Robert “Bob” T. Active

Koch, Christina Hammock Active
Marshburn, Tom Former

McArthur, William “Bill” Former

Smith, Michael Deceased

Thornton, William “Bill” Deceased

North Dakota (2) Buchli, James Former

Hieb, Richard Former

Ohio (20) Armstrong, Neil Deceased

Bassett, Charles Deceased

Cameron, Kenneth Former

Eisele, Donn Deceased

Foreman, Michael Former

Gernhardt, Michael Former

Glenn, John Deceased

Good, Michael Former

Harbaugh, Greg Former

Henize, Karl Deceased

Henricks, Terence Former

Lovell, James Former

Low, G. David Deceased

Overmyer, Robert Deceased

Resnik, Judy Deceased

Sega, Ronald Former

Thomas, Donald Former

Walz, Carl Former

Weber, Mary Ellen Former

Williams, Sunita Active

Oklahoma (5) Cooper, Gordon Deceased

Garriott, Owen Deceased

Herrington, John Former

Pogue, William Deceased

Stafford, Thomas Former

Oregon (3) Dutton, James Former

Griggs, S. David Deceased

Pettit, Donald Active

Pennsylvania (18) Allen, Andy Former

Bagian, James Former

Bluford, Guion Former

Bursch, Daniel Former

Conrad, Charles Deceased

Ferguson, Chris Former

Feustel, Drew Active

Fincke, Michael Active

Freeman, Theodore Deceased

Frick, Steven Former

Hart, Terry Former
Hoburg, Warren “Woody” Active

Horowitz, Scott Former

Irwin, James Deceased

Richards, Paul Management

Robertson, Patricia Deceased

Tani, Daniel Former

Weitz, Paul Deceased

Rhode Island (1) Readdy, William Former

South Carolina (5) Bolden, Charles Former

Casper, John Former

Coleman, Catherine “Cady” Former

Culbertson, Frank Former

McNair, Ronald Deceased

South Dakota (2) Fossum, Michael Former

Gemar, Charles “Sam” Former

Tennessee (6) Baker, Michael Former

Bull, John Deceased

Jernigan, Tammy Former

Seddon, Margaret Former

Shepherd, William Former

Wilmore, Barry “Butch” Active

Texas (23) Ashby, Jeff Former

Bean, Alan Deceased

Blaha, John Former

Cockrell, Ken Former

Creighton, John Former

Crippen, Robert Former

Fabian, John Former

Fisher, William Former

Forrester, Patrick Management

Givens, Edward Deceased

Harris, Bernard Former

Holmquest, Donald Former

Husband, Rick Deceased

Kimbrough, Robert “Shane” Former

Kopra, Tim Former

Lockhart, Paul Former

Mitchell, Edgar Deceased

Mullane, Mike Former

O’Hara, Loral Active

Scott, David Former

See, Eliot Deceased

Walker, Shannon Active

White, Edward Deceased

Utah (1) Lind, Don Former
Vermont (1) Graveline, Duane Deceased

Virginia (11) Bowersox, Ken Management

Brown, David Deceased

Douglas, Andre Candidate

Edwards, Joe Former

Gardner, Guy Former

Melvin, Leland Former

Oefelein, Bill Former

Phillips, John Former

Satcher, Robert “Bobby” Former

Vande Hei, Mark Active

Wisoff, Peter J.K. (Jeff) Former

Washington (7) Barratt, Mike Active

Dunbar, Bonnie Former

Gordon, Richard Deceased

Johnson, Greg C. Former

McClain, Anne C. Active

Oswald, Steve Former

Scobee, Richard Deceased

West Virginia (2) McBride, John Former

Morgan, Andrew R. Active

Wisconsin (7) Brandenstein, Daniel Former

Chari, Raja Active

Chiao, Leroy Former

Lee, Mark Former

Michel, Curtis Deceased

Slayton, Donald K. “Deke” Deceased

Williams, Jeffrey “Jeff” Management

Puerto Rico (1) Berrios, G. Marcos Candidate
5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS

ASTRONAUT STATUS HOMETOWN

Acaba, Joseph M. Active Anaheim, Calif.

Adamson, James C. Former Woodbine, Md.

Akers, Thomas D. Former Eminence, Mo.

Aldrin, Buzz Former Montclair, N.J.

Allen, Andrew M. Former Philadelphia, Pa.

Allen, Joseph P. Former Crawfordsville, Ind.

Altman, Scott D. Former Lincoln, Ill.

Anders, William A. Former Hong Kong

Anderson, Clayton C. Former Ashland, Neb.

Anderson, Michael P. Deceased Spokane, Wash.

Antonelli, Dominic A. Former Indiana & N.C.

Apt, Jerome, III Former Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Archambault, Lee J. Former Bellwood, Ill. 

Armstrong, Neil A. Deceased Wapakoneta, Ohio

Arnold, Richard R., II Management Bowie, Md.

Ashby, Jeffrey S. Former Evergreen, Colo.

Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M. Management Fort Collins, Colo.

Ayers, Nichole Candidate Divide, Colo. &

Colorado Spring, Colo.

Bagian, James P. Former Philadelphia, Pa. 

Baker, Ellen S. Former New York, N.Y.

Baker, Michael A. Former Lemoore, Calif.

Barratt, Michael R. Active Camas, Wash.

Barron, Kayla Active Richland, Wash.

Barry, Daniel T. Former South Hadley, Mass.

Bassett, Charles A., II 

 Deceased Dayton, Ohio

Bean, Alan L. Deceased Wheeler, Texas

Behnken, Robert L. Former St. Ann, Mo.

Berrios, Marcos Candidate Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

Birch, Christina Candidate Gilbert, Ariz.

Blaha, John E. Former San Antonio, Texas

Bloomfield, Michael J. Former Lake Fenton, Mich.

Bluford, Guion S., Jr. Former Philadelphia, Pa.

Bobko, Karol J. Former New York City

Boe, Eric A. Active Atlanta, Ga.

Bolden, Charles F., Jr. Former Alexandria, Va.

Borman, Frank Former Tucson, Ariz.

Bowen, Stephen G. Active Cohasset, Mass.

Bowersox, Kenneth D. Management Bedford, Ind.

Brady, Charles E., Jr. Deceased Pinehurst, N.C.

Brand, Vance D. Former Longmont, Colo.

Brandenstein, Daniel C. Former Watertown, Wis.
Bresnik, Randolph J. Active Santa Monica, Calif.

Bridges, Roy D., Jr. Former Gainesville, Ga. 

Brown, Curtis L., Jr. Former Elizabethtown, N.C.

Brown, David M. Deceased Arlington, Va.

Brown, Mark N. Former Valparaiso, Ind.

Buchli, James F. Former New Rockford & Fargo, N.D.

Bull, John S. Deceased Memphis, Tenn. 

Burbank, Daniel C. Former Yarmouth Port, Mass.

Burnham, Deniz Candidate Wasilla, Alaska

Bursch, Daniel W. Former Vestal, N.Y.

Cabana, Robert D. Management Minneapolis, Minn.

Cagle, Yvonne D. Management Novato, Calif.

Caldeiro, Fernando Deceased Merritt Island, Fla. & New York

Caldwell Dyson, Tracy E. Active Arcadia, Calif.

Camarda, Charles J. Management Queens, N.Y.

Cameron, Kenneth D. Former Cleveland, Ohio

Cardman, Zena Active Williamsburg, Va. 

Carey, Duane G. Former St. Paul, Minn.

Carpenter, M. Scott Deceased Boulder, Colo.

Carr, Gerald P. Deceased Santa Ana, Calif.

Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. Deceased Warner Robins, Ga.

Casper, John H. Former Gainesville, Ga. 

Cassada, Josh A. Active White Bear Lake, Minn.

Cassidy, Christopher J. Former York, Maine

Cernan, Eugene A. 

 Deceased Chicago, Ill. 

Chaffee, Roger B. Deceased Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Chamitoff, Gregory E. Former Montreal, Canada

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. Former San Jose, Costa Rica

Chapman, Philip K. Deceased Melbourne, Australia

Chari, Raja Active Cedar Falls, Iowa

Chawla, Kalpana Deceased Karnal, India

Chiao, Leroy Former Danville, Calif.

Chilton, Kevin P. Former Los Angeles

Clark, Laurel B. Deceased Racine, Wis.

Cleave, Mary L. Former Southampton, N.Y.

Clifford, Michael R. Deceased Ogden, Utah

Coats, Michael L. Former Riverside, Calif.

Cockrell, Kenneth D. Former Rockdale, Texas

Coleman, Catherine G. Former Charleston, S.C.

Collins, Eileen M. Former Elmira, N.Y.

Collins, Michael Deceased Rome, Italy

Conrad, Charles, Jr. Deceased Philadelphia, Pa. 

Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. Deceased Shawnee, Okla.

Covey, Richard O. Former Fort Walton Beach, Fla.

Creamer, Timothy J. Management Upper Marlboro, Md. 
Creighton, John O. Former Seattle, Wash.

Crippen, Robert L. Former Beaumont, Texas

Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. Former Holly Hill, S.C.

Cunningham, Walter Former Creston, Iowa

Curbeam, Robert L., Jr. Former Baltimore, Md.

Currie, Nancy J. Former Troy, Ohio

Davis, N. Jan Former Cocoa Beach, Fla.

Delaney, Luke Candidate Debary, Fla.

Dominick, Matthew Active Wheat Ridge, Colo.

Douglas, Andre Candidate Chesapeake, 

Va.

Drew, B. Alvin, Jr. Management Washington, D.C.

Duffy, Brian Former Boston, Mass.

Duke, Charles M., Jr. Former Charlotte, N.C.

Dunbar, Bonnie J. Former Sunnyside, Wash.

Dutton, James P., Jr. Former Eugene, Ore. 

Edwards, Joe F., Jr. Former Lineville & Roanoke, Ala.

Eisele, Donn F. Deceased Columbus, Ohio

England, Anthony W. Former West Fargo, N.D.

Engle, Joe H. Former Dickinson County, Kan.

Epps, Jeanette J. Active Syracuse, N.Y.

Evans, Ronald E., Jr. Deceased St. Francis, Kan.

Fabian, John M. Former Pullman, Wash.

Ferguson, Christopher J. Former Philadelphia, Pa. 

Feustel, Andrew J. Active Lake Orion, Mich.

Fincke, E. Michael Active Emsworth, Pa. 

Fischer, Jack D. Former Louisville, Colo.

Fisher, Anna L. Former San Pedro, Calif.

Fisher, William F. Former Dallas, Texas

Foale, C. Michael Former Cambridge, England

Ford, Kevin A. Former Montpelier, Ind.

Foreman, Michael J. Former Wadsworth, Ohio

Forrester, Patrick G. Management El Paso, Texas

Fossum, Michael E. Former McAllen, Texas

Freeman, Theodore C. Deceased Haverford, Pa.

Frick, Stephen N. Former Gibsonia, Pa.

Fullerton, Charles G. Deceased ---

Garan, Ronald J., Jr. Former Yonkers, N.Y.

Gardner, Dale A. Deceased Fairmont, Minn.

Gardner, Guy S. Former Alexandria, Va.

Garriott, Owen K. Deceased Enid, Okla.

Gemar, Charles D. Former Scotland, S.D.

Gernhardt, Michael L. Former Mansfield, Ohio

Gibson, Edward G. Former Buffalo, N.Y.

Gibson, Robert L. Former Lakewood, Calif.

Givens, Edward G., Jr. Deceased Quanah, Texas
Glenn, John H., Jr. Deceased Cambridge, Ohio

Glover, Victor J. Active Pomona, Calif.

Godwin, Linda M. Former Jackson, Mo.

Good, Michael T. Former Broadview Heights, Ohio

Gordon, Richard F., Jr. Deceased Seattle, Wash.

Gorie, Dominic L. Former Lake Charles, La.

Grabe, Ronald J. Former New York, N.Y.

Graveline, Duane E. Deceased Newport, Vt.

Gregory, Frederick D. Former Washington, D.C.

Gregory, William G. Former Lockport, N.Y.

Griggs, S. David Deceased Portland, Ore.

Grissom, Virgil I. Deceased Mitchell, Ind.

Grunsfeld, John M. Former Chicago, Ill. 

Gutierrez, Sidney M. Former Albuquerque, N.M.

Haise, Fred W., Jr. Former Biloxi, Miss.

Hague, Tyler N. Active Hoxie, Kan.

Halsell, James D., Jr. Former West Monroe, La.

Ham, Kenneth T. Former Plainfield, N.J.

Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. Former St. Louis, Mo.

Harbaugh, Gregory J. Former Willoughby, Ohio

Harris, Bernard A., Jr. Former Temple, Texas

Hart, Terry J. Former Pittsburgh, Pa.

Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. Deceased Birmingham, Ala.

Hathaway, Jack Candidate South Windsor, Conn.

Hauck, Frederick H. Former Long Beach, Calif.

Hawley, Steven A. Former Salina, Kan.

Helms, Susan J. Former Portland, Ore.

Henize, Karl G. Deceased Cincinnati, Ohio

Henricks, Terence T. Former Woodville, Ohio

Hernandez, Jose M. Former Stockton, Calif.

Herrington, John B. Former

Colorado Springs, Colo. & Riverton,

Wyo. & Plano, Texas

Hieb, Richard J. Former Jamestown, N.D.

Higginbotham, Joan E. Former Chicago, Ill.

Hilmers, David C. Former DeWitt, Iowa

Hines, Robert “Bob” T. Active Harrisburg, Pa.

Hire, Kathryn P. Former Mobile, Ala. & Merritt Island, Fla. 

Hobaugh, Charles O. Former Bar Harbor, Maine

Hoburg, Warren “Woody” Active Pittsburgh, Pa.

Hoffman, Jeffrey A. Former Scarsdale, N.Y.

Holmquest, Donald L. Former Dallas, Texas

Hopkins, Michael S. Active Richland, Mo.

Horowitz, Scott J. Former Thousand Oaks, Calif.

Hurley, Douglas G. Former Apalachin, N.Y.

Husband, Rick D. Deceased Amarillo, Texas
Irwin, James B. Deceased Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Ivins, Marsha S. Former Baltimore, Md. 

Jemison, Mae C. Former Chicago, Ill.

Jernigan, Tamara E. Former Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Jett, Brent W. Former Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 

Johnson, Gregory C. Former Seattle, Wash.

Johnson, Gregory H. Former South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K.

Jones, Thomas D. Former Baltimore, Md.

Kavandi, Janet L. Former Springfield, Mo.

Kelly, James “Jim” M. Management Burlington, Iowa

Kelly, Mark E. Former West Orange, N.J.

Kelly, Scott J. Former West Orange, N.J.

Kerwin, Joseph P. Former Oak Park, Ill.

Kilrain (Still), Susan L. Former Augusta, Ga.

Kim, Jonny Active Los Angeles, Calif.

Kimbrough, Robert Shane Former Killeen, Texas

Koch, Christina Hammock Active Jacksonville, N.C. & Livingston, Mont.

Kopra, Timothy L. Former Austin, Texas

Kregel, Kevin R. Former Amityville, N.Y.

Lawrence, Wendy B. Former Jacksonville, Fla. 

Lee, Mark C. Former Viroqua, Wis.

Leestma, David C. Former Muskegon, Mich. 

Lenoir, William B. Deceased Miami, Fla. 

Lind, Don L. Former Midvale, Utah

Lindgren, Kjell N. Active England

Lindsey, Steven W. Former Temple City, Calif.

Linenger, Jerry M. Former Eastpointe, Mich. 

Linnehan, Richard M. Management Lowell, Mass.

Llewellyn, John A. Deceased Cardiff, Wales, U.K.

Lockhart, Paul S. Former Amarillo, Texas

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. Former Mission Viejo, Calif.

Loria, Christopher J. Former Belmont, Mass.

Lounge, J. Mike Deceased Burlington, Colo.

Lousma, Jack R. Former Grand Rapids, Mich.

Love, Stanley G. Management Eugene, Ore.

Lovell, James A., Jr. Former Cleveland, Ohio

Low, G. David Deceased Cleveland, Ohio

Lu, Edward T. Former Honolulu, Hawaii & Webster N.Y.

Lucid, Shannon W. Former Bethany, Okla.

Magnus, Sandra H. Former Belleville, Ill.

Mann, Nicole Aunapu Active Petaluma, Calif.

Marshburn, Thomas H. Active Statesville, N.C.

Massimino, Michael J. Former Franklin Square, N.Y.

Mastracchio, Richard A. Former Waterbury, Conn.

Mattingly, Thomas K., II Former Miami, Fla.
McArthur, K. Megan Active Calif.

McArthur, William S., Jr. Former Wakulla, N.C.

McBride, Jon A. Former Beckley, W. Va.

McCandless, Bruce, II Deceased Boston, Mass.

McClain, Anne C. Active Spokane, Wash.

McCool, William C. Deceased San Diego, Calif.

McCulley, Michael J. Former Livingston, Tenn.

McDivitt, James A. Deceased Chicago, Ill.

McMonagle, Donald R. Former Flint, Mich.

McNair, Ronald E. 

 Deceased Lake City, S.C.

Meir, Jessica U. Active Caribou, Maine

Melnick, Bruce E. Former Inglis, Fla.

Melroy, Pamela A. Management Palo Alto, Calif.

Melvin, Leland D. Former Lynchburg, Va.

Menon, Anil Candidate Minneapolis, Minn.

Metcalf-Lindenberger, Dorothy Former Fort Collins, Colo.

Michel, F. Curtis Deceased La Crosse, Wis.

Mitchell, Edgar D. Deceased Artesia, N.M.

Moghbeli, Jasmin Active Baldwin, N.Y.

Morgan, Andrew R. Active New Castle, Pa. 

Morgan, Barbara R. Former Fresno, Calif.

Morin, Lee M. Management Manchester, N.H.

Mullane, Richard M. Former Albuquerque, N.M.

Musgrave, Story Former Lexington, Ky. 

Nagel, Steven R. Deceased Canton, Ill. 

Nelson, George D. Former Willmar, Minn.

Newman, James H. Former San Diego, Calif.

Noriega, Carlos I. Former Santa Clara, Calif.

Nowak, Lisa M. Former Washington, D.C.

Nyberg, Karen L. Former Vining, Minn.

O'Connor, Bryan D. Former Twentynine Palms, Calif.

O’Hara, Loral Active Sugar Land, Texas

O'Leary, Brian T. Deceased Boston, Mass.

Ochoa, Ellen Former La Mesa, Calif.

Oefelein, William A. Former Anchorage, Alaska

Olivas, John D. Former El Paso, Texas

Onizuka, Ellison S. Deceased Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii

Oswald, Stephen S. Former Bellingham, Wash.

Overmyer, Robert F. Deceased Westlake, Ohio

Parazynski, Scott E. Former Little Rock, Ark.

Parker, Robert A. Former Shrewsbury, Mass.

Patrick, Niclolas J. M. Former London, England & Rye, N.Y.

Peterson, Donald H. Deceased Winona, Miss.

Pettit, Donald R. Active Silverton, Oregon

Phillips, John L. Former Fort Belvoir, Va.
Pogue, William R. Deceased Okemah, Okla.

Poindexter, Alan G. Deceased Rockville, Md.

Polansky, Mark L. Former Edison, N.J.

Precourt, Charles J. Former Hudson, Mass.

Readdy, William F. Former McLean, Va.

Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. Former Virginia Beach, Va.

Reilly, James F., II Former Mesquite, Texas

Reisman, Garrett E. Former Parsippany, N.J.

Resnik, Judith A. Deceased Akron, Ohio

Richards, Paul W. Management Dunmore Pa. 

Richards, Richard N. Former Houston, Texas

Ride, Sally K. Deceased Los Angeles, Calif.

Robertson, Patricia Hilliard Deceased Indiana, Pa. 

Robinson, Stephen K. Former Sacramento, Calif.

Rominger, Kent V. Former Del Norte, Colo.

Roosa, Stuart A. Deceased Durango, Colo. 

Ross, Jerry L. Former Crown Point, Ind. 

Rubins, Kathleen (Kate) Active Napa, Calif.

Rubio, Frank Active Miami, Fla. 

Runco, Mario, Jr. Former Bronx, N.Y.

Satcher, Robert L., Jr. Former Hampton, Va. 

Schirra, Walter M., Jr. Deceased Hackensack, N.J.

Schmitt, Harrison H. Former Santa Rita, N.M.

Schweickart, Russell L. Former Neptune, N.J.

Scobee, Francis R. Deceased Cle Elum, Wash. 

Scott, David R. Former San Antonio, Texas

Scott, Winston E. Former Miami, Fla. 

Searfoss, Richard A. Deceased Mount Clemens, Mich.

Seddon, Margaret Rhea Former Murfreesboro, Tenn. 

See, Elliot M., Jr. Deceased Dallas, Texas

Sega, Ronald M. Former Cleveland, Ohio

Sellers, Piers J. Deceased Crowborough, Sussex, U.K.

Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. Former Cass City, Mich.

Shepard, Alan B., Jr. Deceased East Derry, N.H.

Shepherd, William M. Former Babylon, N.Y.

Shriver, Loren J. Former Paton, Iowa

Slayton, Donald K. Deceased Sparta, Wis. 

Smith, Michael J. Deceased Beaufort, N.C.

Smith, Steven L. Former San Jose, Calif.

Spring, Sherwood C. Former Harmony, R.I.

Springer, Robert C. Former Ashland, Ohio

Stafford, Thomas P. Former Weatherford, Okla.

Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie Former St. Paul, Minn.

Stewart, Robert L. Former Washington, D.C.

Stott, Nicole P. Former Clearwater, Fla. 
Sturckow, Frederick W. Former Lakeside, Calif.

Sullivan, Kathryn D. Former Woodland Hills, Calif.

Swanson, Steven R. Former Steamboat Springs, Colo.

Swigert, John L., Jr. Deceased Denver, Colo.

Tani, Daniel M. Former Lombard, Ill.

Tanner, Joseph R. Former Danville, Ill.

Thagard, Norman E. Former Jacksonville, Fla.

Thomas, Andrew S. W. Former Adelaide, South Australia

Thomas, Donald A. Former Cleveland, Ohio

Thorne, Stephen D. Deceased Frankfurt

-on-Main, West Germany

Thornton, Kathryn C. Former Montgomery, Ala.

Thornton, William E. Deceased Faison, N.C.

Thuot, Pierre J. Former Fairfax, Va. & New Bedford, Mass.

Tingle, Scott D. Active Randolph, Mass.

Truly, Richard H. Former Fayette, Miss.

van Hoften, James D. Former Burlingame, Calif.

Vande Hei, Mark T. Active Chanhassen, Minn.

Veach, Charles Lacy Deceased Honolulu, Hawaii

Virts, Terry W., Jr. Former Columbia, Md.

Voss, James S. Former Opelika, Ala.

Voss, Janice E. Deceased Rockford, Ill.

Walheim, Rex J. Former San Carlos, Calif.

Walker, David M. Deceased Columbus, Ga.

Walker, Shannon Active Houston, Texas

Walz, Carl E. Former Cleveland, Ohio

Watkins, Jessica Active Lafayette, Colo.

Weber, Mary E. Former Bedford Heights, Ohio

Weitz, Paul J. Deceased Erie, Pa.

Wetherbee, James D. Former Huntington Station, N.Y.

Wheelock, Douglas H. Active Windsor, N.Y.

White, Edward H., II Deceased San Antonio, Texas

Whitson, Peggy A. Former Beaconsfield, Iowa

Wilcutt, Terrence W. Management Louisville, Ky.

Williams, Christopher Candidate Potomac, Md.

Williams, Clifton C., Jr. Deceased Mobile, Ala.

Williams, Donald E. Deceased Lafayette, Ind.

Williams, Jeffrey N. Management Winter, Wis. 

Williams, Sunita L. Active Needham, Mass.

Wilmore, Barry E. Active Mt. Juliet, Tenn.

Wilson, Stephanie D. Active Boston, Mass.

Wiseman, G. Reid Active Baltimore, Md. 

Wisoff, Peter J. K. Former Norfolk, Va.

Wittner, Jessica Candidate Clovis, Calif.

Wolf, David A. Former Indianapolis, Ind.

Woodward, Neil W., III Former Chicago, Ill.
Worden, Alfred M. Deceased Jackson, Mich.

Young, John W. Deceased San Francisco, Calif. 

Zamka, George D. Former

New York & Irvington, N.Y. & 

Rochester Hills, Mich. & Medellin, 

5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES

ALABAMA

• Auburn University (6)

Former: J. Davis, T. Mattingly, K. Thornton, J.S. Voss

Deceased: H. Hartsfield, C. Williams 

• Troy State (4)

Former: K. Ford, W. Gregory, J. Halsell, K. Kregel 

• University of Alabama (2)

Active: R.T. Hines

Management: J. Kelly

• University of Alabama-Huntsville (1)

Former: J. Davis 

• University of Alabama-Birmingham (1)

Management: L. Morin

• Air University (1)

Active: V. Glover

• Air War College (1)

Active: Randy Bresnik 

ARIZONA

• University of Arizona (7)

Active: J. Acaba, D. Pettit 

Former: T. Jones, S. Spring 

Deceased: F. Caldeiro, D. Scobee

Candidate: C. Birch, J. Wittner

CALIFORNIA

• Naval Postgraduate School (37)

Active: M. Dominick, V. Glover, J. Moghbeli,

Former: S. Altman, D. Bursch, M. Coats, R. Curbeam, C. Ferguson, M. Foreman, S. 

Frick, K. Ham, J. Herrington, D. Hilmers, B. Jett, M. Kelly, D. Leestma, M. LopezAlgeria, J. Lousma, J. McBride, C. Noriega, L. Nowak, K. Reightler, K. Rominger, 

W. Scott, R. Springer, J. Williams

Deceased: G. Carr, E. Cernan, R. Evans, W. McCool, E. Mitchell, R. Overmyer, A. 

Poindexter, M. Smith, P. Weitz

Candidate: L. Delaney, J. Wittner

• Stanford University (26)

Active: M. Fincke, M. Hopkins, N. Mann, K. Rubins, M. Vande Hei, J. Watkins

Former: E. Collins, W. Fisher, S. Helms, M. Jemison, T. Jernigan, E. Lu, B. Morgan,

E. Ochoa, S. Parazynski, S. Robinson, S. Smith, J. Wisoff

Deceased: J. Bull, O. Garriott, D. Low, B. McCandless, S. Ride

Candidate: M. Berrios, A. Menon, C. Williams 
 Stanford Medical School (1)

Candidate: A. Menon

• California Institute of Technology (11)

Former: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H. 

Schmitt, R. Behnken

Deceased: C.G. Fullerton, C. Michel, R. Searfoss

• University of Southern California (11)

Former: K. Bobko, C. Bolden, N. Currie, B. Duffy, J. Linenger, C. Noriega, K. 

Reightler, P. Thuot

Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr

Candidate: D. Burnham

• University of California-Berkeley (9)

Active: W. Hoburg

Former: L. Chiao, T. Jernigan, D. Lind, M. Seddon, J. van Hoften, R. Walheim, M. 

Weber

Deceased: B. O’Leary

• University of California-Los Angeles (9)

Active: M. McArthur, J. Watkins

Former: V. Brand, W. Cunningham, A. Fisher, S. Musgrave, J. Phillips

Deceased: E. See

Candidate: D. Burnham

• California Polytechnic (4)

Active: V. Glover

Former: G. Chamitoff, R. Gibson, R. Sturckow

• California State-Fresno (3)

Former: D. McMonagle

Deceased: R. Husband, S. Nagel

• California State University-Fullerton (1) 

Active: T.C. Dyson 

• California State University-Northridge (1) 

Former: S. Horowitz 

• University of California-Santa Barbara (3)

Active: J. Acaba

Former: L. Chiao, J. Hernandez

• Golden Gate (2)

Former: T. Henricks, C. Precourt

• Harvey Mudd (2)

Management: S. Love 

Former: G. Nelson

• University of California-Davis (2)

Active: T.C. Dyson

Former: S. Robinson

• University of California-San Diego (3)

Active: M. McArthur, K. Rubins

Candidate: D. Burnham

• University of California-Santa Cruz (2)

Former: S. Hawley, K. Sullivan

• University of San Diego
Active: M. Dominick, J. Kim

• San Diego State (1) 

Former: E. Ochoa

• San Francisco State (1)

Management: Y. Cagle 

• University of Pacific (1) 

Former: J. Hernandez 

• Air University (1)

Active: V. Glover

• Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1)

Active: J. Meir

COLORADO

• United States Air Force Academy (38)

Active: E. Boe, R. Chari, T. Hague, K. Lindgren

Management: B.A. Drew, J. Kelly

Former: J. Blaha, M. Bloomfield, K. Bobko, R. Bridges, C. Brown, J. Casper, K. 

Chilton, R. Covey, B. Duffy, J. Dutton, J. Fischer, G. Gardner, R. Grabe, F. Gregory, 

W. Gregory, S. Gutierrez, J. Halsell, B. Hammond, S. Helms, T. Hendricks, G.H. 

Johnson, T. Jones, K. Kregel, M. Lee, S. Lindsey, D. McMonagle, C. Precourt, R. 

Sega, L. Shriver, T. Virts

Deceased: R. Searfoss, C. Veach

Candidate: N. Ayers

• University of Colorado (14)

Active: K. Lindgren

Former: V. Brand, J. Herrington, R. Hieb, M. Ivins, R. Sega, S. Swanson, J.S. Voss

Deceased: S. Carpenter, K. Chawla, M. Lounge, E. Onizuka, S. Roosa, J. Swigert 

• Colorado State (4)

Active: K. Lindgren

Former: M. Cleave, K. Rominger, J. van Hoften

CONNECTICUT

• Coast Guard Academy (3)

Former: D. Burbank, B. Melnick

Candidate: A. Douglas

• University of Connecticut (2)

Former: F. Chang-Diaz, R. Mastracchio 

• Hartford (1) 

Deceased: J. Swigert

• Yale (1)

Former: J. Allen 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

• George Washington University (7)

Active: S. Auñón-Chancellor

Management: C. Camarda

Former: M. Coats, J. Creighton, F. Gregory, N. Woodward

Deceased: D. Griggs
Candidate: A. Douglas

• Georgetown (1) 

Deceased: B. O’Leary 

FLORIDA

• Embry-Riddle University (6)

Management: A. Drew

Former: D. Burbank, R. Garan, S. Still-Kilrain, N. Stott, T. Virts

• University of West Florida (6)

Former: J. Buchli, K. Cockrell, B. Melnick, B. O’Connor, J. Phillips 

Deceased: R. Richards

• Florida Institute of Technology (4)

Active: S. Williams 

Former: J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, G. Zamka

• University of Florida (3)

Former: W. Fisher, K. Ford, R. Garan

• Florida State (2)

Former: W. Scott, N. Thagard

• Atlantic (1)

Former: S. Swanson 

• University of Central Florida (2)

Former: N. Stott

Deceased: F. Caldeiro 

• University of Miami (1)

Former: D. Barry 

 University of North Florida (1)

Candidate: L. Delaney

GEORGIA

• Georgia Institute of Technology (14)

Active: E. Boe, R.S. Kimbrough, D. Wheelock

Former: M. Clifford, J. Davis, B. Hammond, S. Horowitz, T. Kopra, S. Magnus, W. 

McArthur, S. Still-Kilrain, R. Truly

Deceased: A. Poindexter, J. Young

• Emory (1) 

Deceased: M. Carter 

IOWA

• Cornell (1) 

Former: D. Hilmers 

• Iowa State (1)

Former: C. Anderson 

• Wesleyan (1)

Former: P. Whitson 

IDAHO

• Northwest Nazarene (1)

Former: R. Hieb 
• University of Idaho (1)

Former: J. Ashby 

ILLINOIS

• University of Illinois (6)

Active: M. Hopkins

Former: S. Altman, L. Archambault, J. Tanner

Deceased: D. Gardner, S. Nagel

• Northwestern (2)

Active: M. Barratt

Former: J. Kerwin

• Southern Illinois University (1)

Former: J. Higginbotham

• University of Chicago (1)

Former: J. Grunsfeld 

INDIANA

• Purdue University (21)

Active: A. Feustel, L. O’Hara, S. Tingle 

Former: J. Blaha, R. Bridges, M. Brown, J. Casper, R. Covey, G. Gardner, 

G. Harbaugh, M. McCulley, M. Polansky, J. Ross, L. Shriver, M. Weber, D. Wolf

Deceased: N. Armstrong, E. Cernan, R. Chaffee, V. Grissom, D. Williams

• Notre Dame (3)

Management: M. Good

Former: K. Ford, J. Wetherbee

• DePauw University (1)

Former: J. Allen 

• Indiana University (1)

Former: D. Wolf 

KANSAS

• United States Army Command and General Staff College (1)

Active: R. Chari

• University of Kansas (4)

Active: L. O’Hara

Former: J. Engle, S. Hawley

Deceased: R. Evans

KENTUCKY

• University of Kentucky (1)

Former: S. Musgrave

• Western Kentucky University (1)

Management: T. Wilcutt 

LOUISIANA

• Tulane University (1)

Former: D. Hurley 
MARYLAND

• United States Naval Academy (55)

Active: K. Barron, S. Bowen, C. Cassidy, R.T. Hines, N. A. Mann, S. Williams

Management: K. Bowersox, R. Cabana

Former: W. Anders, C. Bolden, J. Buchli, D. Bursch, M. Coats, J. Creighton, F. 

Culbertson, R. Curbeam, C. Duke, J. Edwards, M. Foreman, S. Frick, D. Gorie, K. 

Ham, K. Hire, C. Hobaugh, B. Jett, W. Lawrence, D. Leestma, J. Linenger, M. 

Lopez-Alegria, C. Loria, J. Lovell, L. Nowak, B. O’Connor, S. Oswald, J. Phillips, W. 

Readdy, K. Reightler, W. Shepherd, R. Springer, T. Stafford, P. Thuot, G. Zamka

Deceased: D. Eisele, T. Freeman, E. Givens, D. Griggs, J. Irwin, M. Lounge, B. 

McCandless, W. McCool, W. Schirra, A. Shepard, M. Smith, S. Thorne, D. Walker

Candidate: J. Hathaway

• United States Naval Test Pilot School (6)

Active: R. Chari, M. Dominick, J. Moghbeli

Candidate: M. Berrios, L. Delaney, J. Wittner

• University of Maryland (5)

Active: J. Epps

Management: R. Arnold, P. Richards,

Deceased: W. McCool, J. Resnik 

• Johns Hopkins (2)

Active: G. R. Wiseman

Candidate: A. Douglas

• Frostburg State University (1)

Management: R. Arnold 

• Loyola University (1)

Management: T.J. Creamer 

• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (2)

Active: A. Morgan, F. Rubio

MASSACHUSETTS

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (41)

Active: S. Bowen, R. Chari, M. Fincke, T. N. Hague, W. Hoburg, J. Moghbeli

Management: T.J. Creamer

Former: E. Aldrin, D. Antonelli, J. Apt, K. Cameron, C. Cassidy, G. Chamitoff, F. 

Chang-Diaz, C. Coleman, C. Duke, A. England, J. Fischer, J. Grunsfeld, T. Hart, F. 

Hauck, W. Lawrence, M. Lee, M. Massimino, P. Melroy, N. Patrick, R. Satcher, R. 

Schweickart, D. Scott, W. Shepherd, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, D. Tani, N. Woodward

Deceased: P. Chapman, W. Lenoir, R. McNair, E. Mitchell, J.E. Voss

Candidate: G. Berrios, C. Birch, C. Williams

• Harvard University (7)

Active: J. Kim, S. Wilson

Management: R. Linnehan

Former: J. Hoffman, R. Satcher, H. Schmitt

Candidate: A. Menon

Harvard Medical School (1)

Candidate: C. Williams

• Amherst (2)

Former: J. Hoffman, R. Parker
• University of Massachusetts (1)

Former: C. Coleman 

• SE Massachusetts University (1)

Active: S. Tingle 

• Harvard College (1)

Former: J. Apt 

• Holy Cross (1)

Former: J. Kerwin 

• Tufts (1)

Former: R. Hauck

• Williams College (1)

Deceased: B. O’Leary 

• Boston University (1)

Active: R.T. Hines

MICHIGAN

• University of Michigan (8)

Former: J. Lousma, J. McDivitt

Deceased: T. Freeman, K. Henize, J. Irwin, E. White, A. Worden

Candidate: A. Douglas

• Albion College (1)

Active: J. Cassada

• Oakland Community College (1)

Active: Andrew Feustel 

MINNESOTA

• University of Minnesota (3)

Active: K. Lindgren

Former: D. Carey

Deceased: D. Slayton

• St. John’s University (1)

Active: M. Vande Hei 

MISSOURI

• Missouri University of Science and Technology (3)

Former: T. Akers, J. Kavandi, S. Magnus

• University of Missouri-Columbia (2)

Former: L. Godwin

Deceased: R. Richards

• Webster-Missouri (2)

Former: E. Collins, S. Gutierrez

• Missouri Southern State University (1)

Former: J. Kavandi 

• Southeast Missouri State (1)

Former: L. Godwin 

• Washington University (1)

Former: R. Behnken 
MISSISSIPPI

• Southern Mississippi (1)

Former: R. Stewart 

MONTANA

• John Carroll University (1)

Former: C. Walz 

NEBRASKA

• Creighton (1)

Deceased: M. Anderson

• Hastings (1)

Former: C. Anderson

• Wayne State (1)

Former: J. Linenger

NEW HAMPSHIRE

• University of New Hampshire (2)

Management: R. Linnehan, L. Morin

• Dartmouth (1)

Former: J. Newman

NEW JERSEY

• Princeton (4)

Former: J. Adamson, D. Barry

Deceased: G. Carr, C. Conrad

• Rutgers (2)

Former: T. Hart, M. Runco

NEW YORK

• United States Military Academy (21)

Active: R.S. Kimbrough, A. McClain, A. Morgan, F. Rubio, D. Wheelock,

Management: P. Forrester

Former: J. Adamson, E. Aldrin, F. Borman, M. Clifford, C. Gemar, T. Kopra, W. 

McArthur, R. Mullane, D. Scott, S. Spring, J. Williams

Deceased: M. Collins, D. Peterson, E. White, A. Worden

• Columbia University (6)

Former: K. Chilton, W. Gregory, G.H. Johnson, M. Massimino, S. Musgrave

Management: K. Bowersox

• Cornell University (6)

Former: E. Baker, D. Barry, M. Jemison, E. Lu, D. Thomas

Deceased: D. Low

• Rensselaer Polytechnic (3)

Active: G. R. Wiseman

Deceased: R. Mastracchio, J. Swigert

• Merchant Marine Academy (2)

Former: M. Kelly
Deceased: E. See

• State University of New York (2)

Former: E. Baker, R. Garan

• Syracuse (2)

Former: E. Collins, S. Musgrave

• City College (1)

Former: M. Runco 

• LeMoyne College (1)

Active: J. Epps 

• New York University (1)

Management: L. Morin 

• Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1)

Management: C. Camarda 

• Rochester (2) 

 Active: J. Cassada

Former: E. Gibson

• NY State-Farmingdale (1)

Deceased: F. Caldeiro 

• NY State-Maritime (1)

Former: S. Kelly 

NORTH CAROLINA

• University of North Carolina (4)

Active: Z. Cardman

Former: J. Linenger

Deceased: C. Brady, W. Thornton

• Davidson College (1)

Active: T. Marshburn 

• Duke University (1)

Deceased: C. Brady 

• Wake Forest (1)

Active: T. Marshburn 

• Agricultural & Technical State (1)

Deceased: R. McNair

• North Carolina State University (1)

Active: C. Koch

NORTH DAKOTA

• University of North Dakota (1) 

Former: K. Nyberg 

OHIO

• Air Force Institute of Technology (12)

Former: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell, 

S. Lindsey, M. Mullane

Deceased: G. Cooper, D. Eisele, D. Peterson

• United States Air Force Test Pilot School (2)
Active: B. Hines

• The Ohio State University (3)

Management: R. Linnehan

Former: N. Currie, R. Sega

• Baldwin-Wallace (1)

Deceased: R. Overmyer 

• Case Western (1)

Former: D. Thomas 

• Kent State (1)

Former: C. Walz 

• Marietta (1)

Former: S. Musgrave 

• Muskingum (1)

Deceased: J. Glenn 

• Wright State (1)

Active: M. Barratt 

OKLAHOMA

• University of Oklahoma (3)

Former: F. Haise, S. Lucid

Deceased: O. Garriott

• Oklahoma Baptist (1)

Deceased: W. Pogue 

• Oklahoma City (1)

Deceased: G. Cooper 

• Oklahoma State (1)

Deceased: W. Pogue 

OREGON

• Oregon State (2)

Active: D. Pettit

Former: W. Oefelein

PENNSYLVANIA

• Drexel University (3)

Management: P. Richards

Former: J. Bagian, C. Ferguson

• University of Pennsylvania (2)

Management: M. Gernhardt

Former: G. Reisman

• Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1)

Deceased: P. Robertson

• Carnegie-Mellon (2)

Deceased: E. Mitchell, J. Resnik

• The Pennsylvania State University (2)

Former: G. Bluford

Deceased: P. Weitz
• Lehigh (1)

Former: T. Hart 

• Pennsylvania Medical College (1)

Deceased: P. Robertson 

• Thomas Jefferson (1)

Former: J. Bagian 

• Villanova (1)

Former: A. Allen 

RHODE ISLAND

• Naval War College (2)

Former: J. Williams 

Candidate: J. Hathaway, J, Wittner

• Brown University (2)

Active: J. Meir

Former: B. Lichtenberg

SOUTH CAROLINA

• The Citadel (1)

Active: R. Bresnik

TENNESSEE

• University of Tennessee-Knoxville (7) 

Active: B. Wilmore, R. Bresnik

Former: J. Ashby, J. Edwards, D. Gorie, S. Kelly, M. Seddon

Deceased: H. Hartsfield

• Tennessee Technical University (1)

Active: B. Wilmore 

• Vanderbilt (1)

Management: M. Gernhardt 

• Tennessee Space Institute (1)

Former: W. Oefelein 

TEXAS

• University Of Houston (7)

Former: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R. 

Walheim

• University of Texas (13)

Active: S. Auñón-Chancellor, S. Wilson

Former: M. Baker, K. Cockrell, R. Crippen, G.H. Johnson, P. Lockhart, C. Meade, K. 

Nyberg, N. Thagard, N. Woodward

Deceased: A. Bean, K. Chawla

• University of Texas-Health Science Center

Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor

• Rice University (8)

Active: S. Walker

Former: J. Hoffman, T. Jernigan, J. Newman, D. Olivas, P. Whitson

Deceased: J. Bull
Candidate: N. Ayers

• University of Houston-Clear Lake (7)

Active: M. Fincke

Former: G. Bluford, G. Chamitoff, M. Fossum, G. Harbaugh, R. Mastracchio

Deceased: B. McCandless

• Texas Tech (4)

Former: B. Harris, P. Lockhart

Deceased: C. Bassett, R. Husband

• Texas A&M (2)

Former: M. Fossum, S. Swanson

• University of Texas-Arlington (1)

Former: R. Stewart

• University of Texas-Medical Branch (3)

Active: K. Lindgren, T. Marshburn

Candidate: A. Menon

• Baylor University (1)

Former: D. Holmquest 

• University of Texas-Dallas (1)

Former: J. Reilly 

• University of Texas-El Paso (1)

Former: D. Olivas 

• Univ. of Texas-Public Health (1)

Former: E. Baker 

UTAH

• University of Utah (1)

Former: D. Lind 

• Utah State (1)

Former: M. Cleave 

VERMONT

• University of Vermont (1)

Deceased: D. Graveline 

VIRGINIA

• University of Virginia (6)

Active: T. Marshburn

Management: P. Forrester

Former: L. Melvin, K. Thornton, J. Wisoff

Deceased: K. Henize

• East Virginia Medical (1)

Deceased: D. Brown 

• Old Dominion (1)

Former: M. Bloomfield 

• Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1)

Management: C. Camarda 

• William & Mary (1)

Deceased: D. Brown
• University of Richmond (1)

Former: L. Melvin 

• Washington & Lee (1)

Deceased: D. Low 

WASHINGTON

• University of Washington (12)

Active: M. Barratt

Management: Y. Cagle, S. Love

Former: D. Antonelli, B. Dunbar, J. Dutton, J. Fabian, G.C. Johnson, J. Kavandi, G. 

Nelson

Deceased: M. Anderson, R. Gordon

• Washington State (1)

Former: J. Fabian 

• Whitman College (1)

Former: D. Metcalf-Lindenburger 

WISCONSIN

• University of Wisconsin-Madison (2)

Former: B. Shaw

Deceased: L. Clark

• University of Wisconsin-River Falls (1)

Former: D. Brandenstein 
6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES

ARGENTINA: F. Caldeiro

AUSTRALIA: P. Chapman, P. Scully-Power, A. Thomas

BRAZIL: M. Pontes

CANADA: G. Chamitoff, C. Hadfield, J. Hansen, J. Payette, D. Saint-Jacques, R. Thirsk, 

D. R. Williams

CHINA: W. Anders, S. Lucid, T. Wang

COSTA RICA: F. Chang-Diaz

DENMARK: A. Mogensen

ENGLAND: M. Foale, G.H. Johnson, N. Patrick, T. Peake, P. Sellers

FRANCE: L. Eyharts, T. Pesquet

GERMANY: A. Gerst, H. Schlegel, S. Thorne, J. Moghbeli

INDIA: K. Chawla

ITALY: M. Collins, P.

NETHERLANDS: L. Van Den Berg

PACIFIC ISLANDS: J. Newman

PERU: C. Noriega

SPAIN: M. Lopez-Alegria

SWITZERLAND: C. Nicollier

SWEDEN: C. Fuglesang

TAIWAN: K. Lindgren

TURKEY: D. Burnham

VIETNAM: E. Trinh

WALES: J. Llewellyn
7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS

EAGLE:

Astronaut Candidate: J. Hathaway, C. Williams

Active: R. Chari, K. Lindgren, D. Pettit

Management: P. Forrester

Former: J. Adamson, J. Bagian, G. Bluford, K. Bowersox, C. Brady, G. Chamitoff, R. 

Covey, J. Creighton, C. Duke, M. Fossum, W. Gregory, J. Hoffman, G.H. Johnson, T. 

Jones, M. Lee, D. Lind, S. Lindsey, J. Lovell, M. McCulley, B. O’Leary, S. Oswald, S. 

Parazynski, K. Reightler, J. Tanner, R. Truly

Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, M. Carter, R. Chaffee, D. Eisele, G.H. Fullerton, S.D.

Griggs, J. Llewellyn (King's Scout, U.K.), W. McCool, E. Onizuka, R. Searfoss, E. See, 

D. Walker

GIRL SCOUT:

Active: K. Barron, C. Koch, N. Mann, M. McArthur, J. Meir, L. O’Hara, K. Rubins, J. 

Watkins, S. Williams

Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor, Y. Cagle

Former: E. Collins, N. Currie-Gregg, J. Davis, A. Fisher, S. Helms, J. Higginbotham, K. 

Hire, T. Jernigan, S. Kilrain (Still), W. Lawrence, S. Magnus, D. Metcalf-Lindenburger, B. 

Morgan, L. Nowak, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, M.R. Seddon, K. Sullivan, K. Thornton, M. 

Weber

Deceased: L. Clark, J.E. Voss
8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS

8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

Akers, Thomas D. Former Lt. Colonel USAF Retired

Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Anderson, Michael P. Deceased Lt. Colonel USAF

Archambault, Lee J. (Bru) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Ayers, Nichole Candidate Major USAF

Bassett, Charles A. Deceased Captain USAF

Behnken, Robert L. Former Lt. Colonel USAF

Berrios, Marcos G. Candidate Major USAF

Blaha, John E. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Bloomfield, Michael J. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Bluford, Guion S. (Guy) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Bobko, Karol J. (Bo) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Boe, Eric A. Active Colonel USAF Retired

Borman, Frank Former Colonel USAF Retired

Bridges, Roy D. Former Major General USAF Retired

Brown, Curtis L., Jr. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Brown, Mark N. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Cagle, Yvonne D. Management Colonel USAF Retired

Carey, Duane G. Former Lt. Colonel USAF Retired

Casper, John H. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Chari, Raja Active Colonel USAF

Chilton, Kevin P. Former General USAF Retired

Coleman, Catherine G. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Collins, Eileen M. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Cooper, L. Gordon Deceased Colonel USAF Retired 

Covey, Richard O. (Dick) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Drew, B. Alvin (Al) Management Colonel USAF Retired

Duffy, Brian Former Colonel USAF Retired

Duke, Charles M., Jr. Former Brig. General USAF Retired

Dutton, James P. (Jim) Former Colonel USAF

Eisele, Donn F. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Engle, Joe H. Former Major General USAF Retired

Fabian, John M. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Fincke, E. Michael (Mike) Active Colonel USAF Retired

Fischer, Jack D. Former Lt. Colonel USAF

Ford, Kevin A. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Freeman, Theodore C. Deceased Captain USAF

Fullerton, C. Gordon Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Garan, Ronald J. (Ron) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Gardner, Guy S. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Givens, Edward G. Deceased Major General USAF

Good, Michael T. Former Colonel USAF Retired
Grabe, Ronald J. (Ron) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Gregory, Frederick D. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Gregory, William G. (Bill) Former Lt. Colonel USAF Retired

Grissom, Virgil I. (Gus) Deceased Lt. Colonel USAF 

Gutierrez, Sidney M. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Halsell, James D. (Jim) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Hammond, L. Blaine Former Colonel USAF Retired

Hartsfield, Henry W. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Helms, Susan J. Former Lt. General USAF

Hendricks, Terence T. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Hines, Robert “Bob” T. Active Lt. Colonel USAF

Horowitz, Scott J. (Doc) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Husband, Rick D. Deceased Colonel USAF

Irwin, James B. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Johnson, Greg H. (Box) Former Colonel USAF Retired

Kelly, James M. (Jim) Management Colonel USAF Retired

Lee, Mark C. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Lindsey, Steven W. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Lockhart, Paul S. Former Colonel USAF Retired

McDivitt, James A. (Jim) Deceased Brig. General USAF Retired

McMonagle, Donald R. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Meade, Carl J. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Melroy, Pamela A. (Pam) Management Colonel USAF Retired

Menon, Anil Candidate Lt. Colonel USAF

Mullane, Richard M. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Nagel, Steven R. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Onizuka, Ellison S. Deceased Lt. Colonel USAF

Peterson, Donald H. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Pogue, William R. (Bill) Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Precourt, Charles J. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Roosa, Stuart A. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Ross, Jerry L. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Scobee, Francis R. (Dick) Deceased Major General USAF Retired

Scott, David R. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Searfoss, Richard A. Deceased Colonel USAF Retired

Shaw, Brewster H. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Shriver, Loren J. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Stafford, Thomas P Former Lt. General USAF Retired

Virts, Terry W. Former Colonel USAF

Walheim, Rex J. Former Colonel USAF Retired

Walz, Carl E. Former Colonel USAF Retired

White, Edward H. (Ed) Deceased Lt. Colonel USAF

Worden, Alfred M. (Al) Deceased Colonel USAF Retired
8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY

Adamson, James C. Former Colonel USA Retired

Clifford, Michael R. (Rich) Former Lt. Colonel USA Retired

Creamer, Timothy J. (TJ) Management Colonel USA Retired

Currie (Sherlock), Nancy

J Former Colonel USA Retired

Forrester, Patrick (Pat) Management Colonel USA Retired

Gemar, Charles (Sam) Former Lt. Colonel USA Retired

Kimbrough, Robert S. 

(Shane) Former Colonel USA Retired

Kopra, Timothy L. (Tim) Former Colonel USA Retired

McArthur, William S. (Bill) Former Colonel USA Retired

McClain, Anne C. Active Lt. Colonel USA

Morgan, Andrew R. Active Colonel USA

Rubio, Francisco “Frank” Active Major USA

Spring, Sherwood C. 

(Woody) Former Colonel USA Retired

Stewart, Robert L. Former Brig. General USA Retired

Vande Hei, Mark T. Active Colonel USA Retired

Voss, James S. (Jim) Former Colonel USA Retired

Wheelock, Douglas H. 

(Doug) Active Colonel USA Retired

Williams, Jeffrey N. (Jeff) Management Colonel USA Retired

8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

Burbank, Daniel C. (Dan) Former Captain

USCG

Retired

Melnick, Bruce E. Former Commander

USCG 

Retired

Douglas, Andre Candidate USCG

 

8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

Allen, Andrew M. Former Lt. Colonel USMC Retired

Bolden, Charles F. Former Major General USMC Retired

Brand, Vance D. Former Commander USMC Retired

Bresnik, Randolph J. Active Colonel USMC Retired

Buchli, James F. (Jim) Former Colonel USMC Retired

Cabana, Robert D. (Bob) Management Colonel USMC Retired

Cameron, Kenneth D. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Carr, Gerald P. (Gerry) Deceased Colonel USMC Retired

Cunningham, Walter 

(Walt) Deceased Colonel

USMC Reserve 

Retired
Delaney, Luke Candidate Major USMC Retired

Glenn, John H. Deceased Colonel USMC Retired

Hilmers, David C. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Hobaugh, Charles O. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Hurley, Douglas G. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Loria, Christopher J. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Lousma, Jack R. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Mann, Nicole Anuapu Active Colonel USMC

Moghbeli, Jasmin Active Lt. Colonel USMC

Noriega, Carlos I. Former Lt. Colonel USMC Retired

O'Connor, Bryan D. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Overmyer, Robert F. Deceased Colonel USMC Retired

Springer, Robert C. (Bob) Former Colonel USMC Retired

Sturckow, Frederick J. Former Colonel USMC Retired

Wilcutt, Terrence W. Management Colonel USMC Retired

Williams, Clifford C. Deceased Major USMC

Zamka, George D. Former Colonel USMC Retired

8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY

Altman, Scott D. Former Captain USN Retired

Antonelli, Dominic A. Former Captain USN Retired

Ashby, Jeffrey S. (Jeff) Former Captain USN Retired

Baker, Michael A. Former Captain USN Retired

Barron, Kayla Active Lt. Commander USN

Bean, Alan L. (Al) Deceased Captain USN Retired

Bowen, Stephen G. Active Captain USN Retired

Bowersox, Kenneth D. Management Captain USN Retired

Brady, Charles E. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Brandenstein, Daniel D. Former Captain USN Retired

Brown, David M. (Dave) Deceased Captain USN Retired

Burnham, Deniz Candidate Lieutenant USN

Bursch, Daniel W. (Dan) Former Captain USN Retired

Carpenter, M. Scott Deceased Commander USN Retired

Carter, Manley L. (Sonny) Deceased Captain USN

Cassada, John A. Active Lt. Commander USN

Cassidy, Christopher J. Former Captain USN

Cernan, Eugene A. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Chaffee, Roger B. Deceased Lt. Commander USN

Clark, Laurel B. Deceased Captain USN

Coats, Michael L. Former Captain USN Retired

Cockrell, Kenneth D. (Ken) Former Captain USN

Conrad, Charles, Jr. Deceased Captain USN

Creighton, John O. Former Captain USN Retired

Crippen, Robert L. (Crip) Former Captain USN Retired
Curbeam, Robert L. Former Captain USN Retired

Culbertson, Frank L. Former Captain USN Retired

Dominick, Matthew Active Commander USN

Edwards, Joe F., Jr. Former Commander USN Retired

Evans, Ronald E. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Ferguson, Christopher J. Former Captain USN Retired

Foreman, Michael (Mike) Former Captain USN Retired

Frick, Stephen N. (Steve) Former Captain USN Retired

Gardner, Dale A. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Gibson, Robert L. (Hoot) Former Captain USN Retired

Glover, Victor J. Active Captain USN

Gordon, Richard F., Jr. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Gorie, Dominic L. (Dom) Former Captain USN Retired

Ham, Kenneth T. (Ken) Former Captain USN

Hathaway, Jack Candidate Commander USN

Hauck, Frederick H. (Rick) Former Captain USN Retired

Herrington, John B. Former Commander USN Retired

Hire, Kathryn P. (Kay) Former Captain USN

Jett, Brent W. Former Captain USN Retired

Johnson, Gregory C. Former Captain USN Retired

Kelly, Mark E. Former Captain USN Retired

Kelly, Scott J. Former Captain USN Retired

Kerwin, Joseph P. (Joe) Former Captain USN Retired

Kilrain (Still), Susan L. Former Commander USN Retired

Kim, Jonny ActiveLt. Commander USN

Lawrence, Wendy B. Former Captain USN Retired

Leestma, David C. Former Captain USN Retired

Linenger, Jerry M. Former Captain USN Retired

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. Former Captain USN Retired

Lovell, James A. (Jim) Former Captain USN Retired

Mattingly, Thomas K. (TK) Former Rear Admiral USN Retired

McBride, Jon A. Former Captain USN Retired

McCandless, Bruce Deceased Captain USN Retired

McCool, William C. (Willie) Deceased Commander USN

McCulley, Michael J. Former Captain USN Retired

Mitchell, Edger D. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Morin, Lee M. Management Captain USN Retired

Nowak, Lisa M. Former Commander USN Retired

Oefelein, William A. Former Commander USN Retired

Phillips, John L. Former Captain USN

Poindexter, Alan G. (Dex) Deceased Commander USN

Readdy, William F. (Bill) Former Captain USN Retired

Reightler, Kenneth S. Former Captain USN Retired

Richards, Richard N. Former Captain USN Retired

Rominger, Kent V. Former Captain USN Retired 
Runco, Mario, Jr. Former Lt. Commander USN Retired

Schirra, Walter M. (Wally) Deceased Captain USN Retired

Scott, Winston E. Former Captain USN Retired

Shepard, Alan B. (Al) Deceased Rear Admiral USN Retired

Shepherd, William M. (Bill) Former Captain USN Retired

Smith, Michael J. Deceased Captain USN

Stefanyshyn-Piper, 

Heidemarie Former Captain USN

Thorne, Stephen D. Deceased Lt. Commander USN

Thuot, Pierre J. Former Commander USN

Tingle, Scott D. Active Captain USN

Truly, Richard H. (Dick) Former Vice Admiral USN Retired

Walker, David M. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Weitz, Paul J. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Wetherbee, James D. Former Captain USN Retired

Williams, Donald E. Deceased Captain USN Retired

Williams, Sunita L. (Suni) Active Captain USN Retired

Wilmore, Barry E. (Butch) Active Captain USN

Wiseman, G. Reid Active Lt. Commander USN Retired

Wittner, Jessica A. Candidate Lt. Commander USN

Woodward, Neil W. Former Commander USN Retired

Young, John W. Deceased Captain USN Retired

8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE

Hague, Tyler N. Active Colonel USSF

Hopkins, Michael S Active Colonel USSF
9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG

9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT

MERCURY-REDSTONE

Mercury 3 Shepard, Alan B. May 5, 1961 15 min – 28 sec

Mercury 4 Grissom, Virgil I. July 21, 1961 15 min – 37 sec

Mercury 6 Glenn, John H. Feb. 20, 1962 4 hr – 55 min – 23 sec

Mercury 7 Carpenter, Scott M. May 24, 1962 4 hr – 56 min – 05 sec

Mercury 8 Schirra, Walter M. Oct. 3, 1962 9 hr – 13 min – 11 sec

Mercury 9 Cooper, L. Gordon May 5-15, 1963 34 hr – 19 min – 49 sec

GEMINI-TITAN

Gemini III Grissom, Virgil I.

Young, John W. March 23, 1965 4 hr – 52 min – 31 sec

Gemini IV McDivitt, James A. 

White, Edward H. June 3-7, 1965 97 hr – 56 min – 12 sec

Gemini V Cooper, L. Gordon

Conrad, Charles Aug. 21-29, 1965 190 hr – 55 min –

14 sec

Gemini VII Borman, Frank

Lovell, James A. Dec. 4-18, 1965 330 hr – 35 min – 01 

sec

Gemini VI-A Schirra, Walter M.

Stafford, Thomas P. Dec. 15-16, 1965 25 hr – 51 min – 24 

sec

Gemini VIII Armstrong, Neil A.

Scott, David R. March 16, 1966 10 hr – 41 min – 26 sec

Gemini IX-A Stafford, Thomas P.

Cernan, Eugene A. June 3-6, 1966 72 hr – 20 min – 50 sec

Gemini X Young, John W.

Collins, Michael July 18-21, 1966 70 hr – 46 min – 39 sec

Gemini XI Conrad, Charles
Gordon, Richard F. Sept. 12-15, 1966 71 hr – 17 min – 08 sec

Gemini XII Lovell, James A.

Aldrin, Buzz Nov. 11-15, 1966 94 hr – 34 min – 31 

sec

APOLLO-SATURN

Apollo 7 Schirra, Walter M.

Eisele, Donn F.

Cunningham Walter Oct. 11-22, 1968 260 hr – 09 min – 03 

sec

Apollo 8 Borman, Frank

Lovell, James A.

Anders, William A. Dec. 21-27, 1968 147 hr – 00 min –

42 sec

Apollo 9 McDivitt, James A.

Scott, David R.

Schweickart, Russell L. March 3-13, 1969 241 hr – 00 min –

54 sec

Apollo 10 Stafford, Thomas P.

Young, John W. 

Cernan, Eugene A. May 18-26, 1969 192 hr – 23 min – 23 

sec

Apollo 11 Armstrong, Neil A.

Collins, Michael

Aldrin, Buzz July 16-24, 1969 195 hr – 18 min – 35 

sec

Apollo 12 Conrad, Charles

Gordon, Richard F.

Bean, Alan L. Nov. 14-24, 1969 244 hr – 36 min –

24 sec

Apollo 13 Lovell, James A.

Swigert, John L.

Haise, Fred W. April 11-17, 1970 142 hr – 54 min –

41 sec

Apollo 14 Shepard, Alan B.

Roosa, Stuart A. Jan. 31 –

Mitchell, Edgar D. Feb.9, 1971 216 hr – 01 min – 58 

sec

Apollo 15 Scott, David R.
Worden, Alfred M. July 26 –

Irwin, James B. Aug. 7, 1971 305 hr – 11 min –

53 sec

Apollo 16 Young, John W.

Mattingly, Thomas K.

Duke, Charles M. April 16-27, 1972 265 hr – 51 min 

– 05 sec

Apollo 17 Cernan, Eugene A.

Evans, Ronald E.

Schmitt, Harrison H. Dec. 7-19, 1972 301 hr – 51 min – 59 

sec

SKYLAB

Skylab SL-2 Conrad, Charles

Kerwin, Joseph P. May 25 –

Weitz, Paul J. June 22, 1973 672 hr – 49 min – 49 

sec

Skylab SL-3 Bean, Alan L.

Garriott, Owen K. July 28 –

Lousma, Jack R. Sept. 25, 1973 1427 hr – 09 min – 04 

sec

Skylab SL-4 Carr, Gerald P.

Gibson, Edward G. Nov. 16, 1973 –

Pogue, William R. Feb. 8, 1974 2017 hr – 16 min – 00 

sec

APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP)

Stafford, Thomas P.

Brand, Vance D.

Slayton, Donald K. July 15-24, 1975 223 hours – 28 min –

sec
9.1 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM MISSIONS
Flight 

Vehicle 

Crew -

Designation

(STS seat)

Duration 

Days/Hrs./Min 

Orbits 

Miles, sm

Date 

Launch 

Landing

Time 

Launch 

Landing 

(Main gear)

STS-1

Young, John W. -

CDR 02/06/20 Apr-12-81

06:00 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Crippen, Robert L. 

- PLT 36 Apr-14-81

12:20 p.m. 

CST

933,757 EAFB

STS-2

Engle, Joe H. -

CDR 02/06/13

Nov-12-

81

09:10 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Truly, Richard H. –

PLT 36 

Nov-14-

81

03:23 p.m. 

CST

933,757 EAFB

STS-3

Lousma, Jack R. –

CDR 08/00/04

Mar-22-

82

10:00 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Fullerton, Gordon 

– PLT 129 

Mar-30-

82

10:04 a.m. 

CST

3,900,000 

White 

Sands

Space Harbor, 

NM

STS-4

Mattingly, Thomas 

– CDR 07/01/11 Jun-27-82

09:59 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Hartsfield, Henry 

W. – PLT 112 Jul-04-82

11:11 a.m. 

CDT

2,900,000 EAFB

STS-5

Brand, Vance D. -

CDR 5/02/14

Nov-11-

82

06:19 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Overmyer, Robert 

F. - PLT 81 

Nov-16-

82

08:33 a.m. 

CST

Allen, Joseph P. -

MS 1,850,000 EAFB

Lenoir, William B. -

MS

STS-6

Weitz, Paul J. -

CDR 5/00/23 Apr-04-83

01:30 p.m. 

CST

Challenger

Bobko, Karol J. -

PLT 80 Apr-09-83

01:53 p.m. 

CST

Peterson, Donald 

H. - MS 1,820,000 EAFB

Musgrave, F. Story 

- MS

STS-7

Crippen, Robert L. 

- CDR 06/02/23 Jun-18-83

06:33 a.m. 

CDT
Challenger

Hauck, Frederick 

H. - PLT 98 Jun-24-83

08:56 a.m. 

CDT

Ride, Sally K. - MS 2,220,000 EAFB

Fabian, John M. -

MS

Thagard, Norman 

E. - MS

STS-8

Truly, Richard H. -

CDR 6/01/08

Aug-30-

83

01:32 a.m. 

CDT

Challenger

Brandenstein, 

Daniel C. - PLT 98 

Sep-05-

83

02:40 a.m. 

CDT

Gardner, Dale A. -

MS 2,220,000 EAFB

Bluford, Guion S. -

MS

Thornton, William 

E. - MS

Parker, Robert A. -

MS

Lichtenberg, Byron 

K.- PS

Merbold, Ulf - PS 

(Germany)

41-B

Brand, Vance D. -

CDR 7/23/15

Feb-03-

84

07:00 a.m. 

CST

Challenger

Gibson, Robert L. -

PLT 127

Feb-11-

84

06:15 a.m. 

CST

McCandless II, 

Bruce - MS 2,870,000 KSC

Stewart, Robert L. - MS

McNair, Ronald E. - MS

41-C

Crippen, Robert L. - CDR 6/23/40 Apr

-06-84

07:58 a.m. 

CST

Challenger

Scobee, Francis 

R. - PLT 107 Apr-13-84

07:38 a.m. 

CST

Nelson, George D. - MS 2,880,000 EAFB

Van Hoften, 

James D. - MS

Hart, Terry J. - MS

41-D

Hartsfield, Henry 

W. - CDR 06/00/56/4

Aug-30-

84

07:41 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Coats, Michael L. -

PLT 97 

Sep-05-

84

08:37 a.m. 

CDT
Resnik, Judith A. -

MS 2,210,000 EAFB

Hawley, Steven A. 

- MS

Mullane, Richard 

M. - MS

Walker, Charles D. 

- PS

41-G

Crippen, Robert L. 

- CDR 08/05/23 Oct-05-84

06:03 a.m. 

CDT

Challenger

McBride, Jon A. -

PLT 133 Oct-13-84

11:26 a.m. 

CDT

Sullivan, Kathryn 

D. - MS 3,400,000 KSC

Ride, Sally K. - MS

Leestma, David D. 

- MS

Garneau, Marc -

PS (Canada)

Scully-Power, Paul 

D. - PS

51-A

Hauck, Frederick 

H. - CDR 07/23/44

Nov-08-

84

06:15 a.m. 

CST

Discovery

Walker, David M. -

PLT 127

Nov-16-

84

05:59 a.m. 

CST

Fisher, Anna L. -

MS 2,870,000 KSC

Gardner, Dale A. -

MS

Allen, Joseph P. -

MS

51-C

Mattingly, Thomas 

K. - CDR 3/01/33 Jan-24-85

01:50 p.m. 

CST

Discovery

Shriver, Loren J. -

PLT 48 Jan-27-85

03:23 p.m. 

CST

Onizuka, Ellison S. 

- MS 1,242,566 KSC

Buchli, James F. -

MS

Payton, Gary E. -

PS (DOD)

51-D

Bobko, Karol J. -

CDR 6/23/54 Apr-12-85

07:59 a.m. 

CST
Discovery

Williams, Donald 

E. - PLT 110 Apr-19-85

07:54 a.m. 

CST

Seddon, M. Rhea -

MS 2,889,785 KSC

Hoffman, Jeffrey 

A. - MS

Griggs, S. David -

MS

Walker, Charles D. 

- PS

Garn, Jake - PS (U.S. Sen-UT)

51-B

Overmyer, Robert 

F - CDR 7/00/08 Apr-29-85

11:02 a.m. 

CDT

SL-3

Gregory, William 

G. - PLT 110

May-06-

85

11:11 a.m. 

CDT

Challenger Lind, Don L. - MS 2,900,000 EAFB

Thagard, Norman 

E. - MS

Thornton, William 

E. - MS

van den Berg, 

Lodewijk - PS 

Wang, Taylor G. -

PS

51-G

Brandenstein, 

Daniel C. - CDR 07/01/39 Jun-17-85

06:33 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Creighton, John O. 

- PLT 112 Jun-24-85

08:12 a.m. 

CDT

Lucid, Shannon W. 

- MS 2,916,127 EAFB

Fabian, John M. -

MS

Nagel, Steven R. -

MS

Baudry, Patrick -

PS (France)

Al-Saud, Sultan Salman Abdelazize - PS (Saudi Arabia)

51-F

Fullerton, C. 

Gordon - CDR 07/22/45 Jul-29-85

04:00 p.m. 

CDT

SL-2

Bridges, Roy D. -

PLT 126

Aug-06-

85

02:45 p.m. 

CDT

Challenger

Musgrave, F. Story 

- MS 2,850,000 EAFB

England, Anthony 

W. - MS
Henize, Karl G. -

MS

Acton, Loren W. – PS (Lockheed)

Bartoe, John-David - PS (US Navy Civ.)

51-I

Engle, Joe H. -

CDR 07/03/17

Aug-27-

85

05:58 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Covey, Richard O. 

- PLT 111

Sep-03-

85

08:15 a.m. 

CDT

Van Hoften, 

James D. - MS 2,500,000 EAFB

Lounge, John M. -

MS

Fisher, William F. -

MS

51-J

Bobko, Karol J. -

CDR 04/01/44 Oct-03-85

10:15 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Grabe, Ronald J. -

PLT 65 Oct-07-85

12:00 p.m. 

CDT

Hilmers, David C. -

MS 1,682,641 EAFB

Stewart, Robert C. 

- MS

Pailes, William A. - PS (Maj., Air Force)

61-A

Hartsfield, Henry 

W. - CDR 07/00/44 Oct-30-85

11:00 a.m. 

CST

Challenger

Nagel, Steven R. -

PLT 110

Nov-06-

85

11:44 a.m. 

CST

Buchli, James F. -

MS 2,501,290 EAFB

Bluford, Guion S. -

MS

Dunbar, Bonnie J. 

- MS

Furrer, Reinhard - PS (DFVLR -

Germany)

Messerschmid, Ernst - PS (DFVLR -

Germany)

Ockels, Wubbo J. - PS (ESA - The 

Netherlands)

61-B

Shaw, Brewster H. 

- CDR 06/21/04

Nov-26-

85

06:29 p.m. 

CST

Atlantis

O'Connor, Bryan 

D. - PLT 108

Dec-03-

85

03:33 p.m. 

CST
Cleave, Mary L. -

MS 2,466,956 EAFB

Spring, Sherwood 

C. - MS

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS

Neri Vela, Rodolfo 

- PS (Mexico)

Walker, Charles D. 

- PS

61-C

Gibson, Robert L. -

CDR 06/02/03 Jan-12-86

05:55 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Bolden, Charles F. 

- PLT 96 Jan-18-86

07:58 p.m. 

CST

Chang-Diaz, 

Franklin R. - MS 2,197,305 EAFB

Hawley, Steven A. 

- MS

Nelson, George D. 

- MS

Cenker, Robert J. - PS (RCA Corp)

Nelson, Bill - PS 

(U.S. Rep-FL)

51-L

Scobee, Francis 

R. - CDR 0/00/01 Jan-28-86

10:38 a.m. 

CST

Challenger

Smith, Michael J. -

PLT

Resnik, Judith A. -

MS

Onizuka, Ellison S. 

- MS

McNair, Ronald E. 

- MS

Jarvis, Gregory -

PS (Hughes)

McAuliffe, Sharon C. – Space Flight Participant 

(Teacher)

STS-26

Hauck, Frederick 

H. - CDR 04/01/00

Sep-29-

88

10:37 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Covey, Richard O. 

- PLT 64

Oct-03-

88

11:37 a.m. 

CDT

Lounge, John M. -

MS 1,430,505 EAFB

Nelson, George D. 

- MS
Hilmers, David C. -

MS

STS-27

Gibson, Robert L. -

CDR 04/09/06

Dec-02-

88

08:30 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Gardner, Guy S. -

PLT 70

Dec-06-

88

05:36 p.m. 

CST

Mullane, Richard 

M. - MS 1,812,075 EAFB

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS

Shepherd, William 

M. - MS

STS-29

Coats, Michael L. -

CDR 04/23/39

Mar-13-

89

08:57 a.m. 

CST

Discovery

Blaha, John E. -

PLT 80

Mar-18-

89

08:36 a.m. 

CST

Bagian, James P. -

MS 1,800,000 EAFB

Buchli, James F. -

MS

Springer, Robert 

C. - MS

STS-30

Walker, David M. -

CDR 04/00/56

May04-8901:46 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Grabe, Ronald J. -

PLT 64

May08-8902:44 p.m. 

CDT

Thagard, Norman 

E. - MS 1,477,500 EAFB

Cleave, Mary L. -

MS

Lee, Mark C. - MS

STS-28

Shaw, Brewster H. 

- CDR 05/01/00

Aug-08-

89

07:37 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Richards, Richard 

N. - PLT 80

Aug-13-

89

08:37 a.m. 

CDT

Adamson, James 

C. - MS 2,070,943 EAFB

Leestma, David C. 

- MS

Brown, Mark N. -

MS

STS-34

Williams, Donald 

E. - CDR 04/23/41

Oct-18-

89

11:53 a.m. 

CDT
Atlantis

McCulley, Michael 

J. - PLT 79

Oct-23-

89

11:34 a.m. 

CDT

Chang-Diaz, 

Franklin R. - MS 1,800,000 EAFB

Lucid, Shannon W. - MS

Baker, Ellen S. -

MS

STS-33

Gregory, William 

G. - CDR 05/00/07

Nov-22-

89

06:23 p.m. 

CST

Discovery

Blaha, John E. -

PLT 79

Nov-27-

89

06:31 p.m. 

CST

Musgrave, F. Story - MS 2,045,056 EAFB

Carter, Manley L. -

MS

Thornton, Kathryn 

C. - MS

STS-32

Brandenstein, 

Daniel C. - CDR 10/21/01

Jan-09-

90

06:35 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Wetherbee, James 

D. - PLT 173

Jan-20-

90

03:36 a.m. 

CST

Dunbar, Bonnie J. - MS 4,509,972 EAFB

Low, G. David -

MS

Ivins, Marsha S. -

MS

STS-36

Creighton, John O. - CDR 04/10/19Feb-28-

90

01:50 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Casper, John H. -

PLT 71

Mar-04-

90

12:09 p.m. 

CST

Mullane, Richard 

M. - MS 1,837,962 EAFB

Hilmers, David C. -

MS

Thuot, Pierre J. -

MS

STS-31

Shriver, Loren J. -

CDR 05/01/16

Apr-24-

90

07:33 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Bolden, Charles F. - PLT 76Apr-29-

90

08:49 a.m. 

CDT

Hawley, Steven A. - MS 2,068,213 EAFB
McCandless II, 

Bruce - MS

Sullivan, Kathryn 

D. - MS

STS-41

Richards, Richard 

N. - CDR 04/02/10

Oct-06-

90

06:47 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Cabana, Robert D. 

- PLT 66

Oct-10-

90

08:57 a.m. 

CDT

Shepherd, William 

M. - MS 1,707,445 EAFB

Melnick, Bruce E. -

MS

Akers, Thomas D. 

- MS

STS-38

Covey, Richard O. 

- CDR 04/21/54

Nov-15-

90

05:48 p.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Culbertson, Frank 

L. - PLT 79

Nov-20-

90

03:42 p.m. 

CST

Springer, Robert 

C. - MS 2,045,056 KSC

Meade, Carl J. -

MS

Gemar, Charles D. 

- MS

STS-35

Brand, Vance D. -

CDR 08/23/05

Dec-02-

90

12:49 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Gardner, Guy S. -

PLT 142

Dec-10-

90

11:54 p.m. 

CST

Hoffman, Jeffrey 

A. - MS 3,728,636 EAFB

Lounge, John M. -

MS

Parker, Robert Allan Ridley - MS

Durrance, Samuel 

T. - PS

Parise, Ronald A. -

PS

STS-37

Nagel, Steven R. -

CDR 05/23/32

Apr-05-

91

08:22 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Cameron, Kenneth 

D. - PLT 93

Apr-11-

91

08:55 a.m. 

CDT

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS 2,487,075 EAFB

Apt, Jerome - MS
Godwin, Linda M. 

-

MS

STS-39

Coats, Michael L. -

CDR 08/07/22

Apr-28-

91

06:33 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Hammond, L. 

Blaine - PLT 134

May-

06-91

01:55 p.m. 

CDT

Bluford, Guion S. -

MS 3,475,000 KSC

Harbaugh, 

Gregory J. - MS

Hieb, Richard J. -

MS

McMonagle, 

Donald R. - MS

Veach, Charles 

Lacy - MS

STS-40

O'Connor, Bryan 

D. - CDR 09/2/14

Jun-05-

91

08:24 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Gutierrez, Sidney 

M. - PLT 146

Jun-14-

91

10:39 a.m. 

CDT

Seddon, M. Rhea – MS 3,290,226 EAFB

Bagian, James P. – MS

Jernigan, Tamara 

E. - MS

Gaffney, F. Drew –

PS

Hughes-Fulford, 

Millie - PS

STS-43

Blaha, John E. –

CDR 08/21/21

Aug-02-

91

10:02 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Baker, Michael A. – PLT 142Aug-11-

91

07:23 a.m. 

CDT

Lucid, Shannon W. – MS 3,700,400 KSC

Adamson, James 

C. - MS

Low, G. David –

MS

STS-48

Creighton, John O. - CDR 05/08/27Sep-12-

91

06:11 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Reightler, Kenneth 

S. - PLT 81

Sep-18-

91

02:38 a.m. 

CDT
Buchli, James F. –

MS 2,193,670 EAFB

Gemar, Charles D. 

– MS

Brown, Mark N. –

MS

STS-44

Gregory, Frederick 

D. - CDR 06/22/50

Nov-24-

91

05:44 p.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Henricks, Terence 

T. - PLT 110

Dec-01-

91

04:34 p.m. 

CST

Musgrave, F. Story 

– MS 2,890,067 EAFB

Runco, Jr., Mario –

MS

Voss, James S. –

MS

Hennen, Thomas J. - PS (CWO4, Army)

STS-42

Grabe, Ronald J. 

– CDR 08/01/14

Jan-22-

92

08:52 a.m. 

CST

Discovery

Oswald, Stephen 

S. - PLT 128

Jan-30-

92

10:07 a.m. 

CST

Thagard, Norman 

E. - MS 3,349,830 EAFB

Hilmers, David C. 

– MS

Readdy, William F. 

– MS

Bondar, Roberta L. - PS (Canada)

Merbold, Ulf D. - PS (Germany)

STS-45

Bolden, Charles F. 

- CDR 08/22/09

Mar-24-

92

07:13 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis Duffy, Brian - PLT 143

Apr-02-

92

05:23 a.m. 

CST

Sullivan, Kathryn 

D. - MS (PYLD 

CDR) 3,274,946 KSC

Foale, C. Michael -

MS

Leestma, David C. 

- MS

Lichtenberg, Byron 

K. - PS

Frimout, Dirk D. - PS (Belgium)
STS-49

Brandenstein, 

Daniel C - CDR 08/21/17

May07-9206:40 p.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Chilton, Kevin P. -

PLT 141

May16-9203:57 p.m. 

CDT

Thuot, Pierre J. –

MS (PYLD CDR) 3,969,019 EAFB

Thornton, Kathryn 

C. - MS

Hieb, Richard J. -

MS

Akers, Thomas D. 

- MS

Melnick, Bruce E. -

MS

STS-50

Richards, Richard 

N. - CDR 13/19/30

Jun-25-

92

11:12 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Bowersox, 

Kenneth D. - PLT 221

Jul-09-

92

06:42 a.m. 

CDT

Dunbar, Bonnie J. 

– MS (PYLD CDR) 5,758,332 KSC

Baker, Ellen S. -

MS

Meade, Carl J. -

MS

DeLucas, 

Lawrence J. - PS

Trinh, Eugene H. -

PS

STS-46

Shriver, Loren J. -

CDR 07/2316

Jul-31-

92

08:57 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Allen, Andrew M. -

PLT 127

Aug-08-

92

08:12 a.m. 

CDT

Hoffman, Jeffrey 

A. - MS 3,321,007 KSC

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS (PYLD 

CDR) 

Nicollier, Claude - MS (Switzerland)

Ivins, Marsha S. -

MS

Malerba, Franco -

PS (Italy)

STS-47

Gibson, Robert L. -

CDR 7/22/30

Sep-12-

92

09:23 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Brown, Curtis L. -

PLT 127

Sep-20-

92

07:53 a.m. 

CDT
Lee, Mark C. -

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 3,310,922 KSC

Apt, Jerome - MS2

Davis, N. Jan -

MS3

Jemison, Mae C. -

MS4

Mohri, Mamoru -

PS1 (Japan)

STS-52

Wetherbee, James 

D. - CDR 9/20/56

Oct-22-

92

12:09 p.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Baker, Michael A. -

PLT 159

Nov-01-

92

08:05 a.m. 

CST

Veach, Charles 

Lacy - MS1 4,129,028 KSC

Shepherd, William 

M. - MS2

Jernigan, Tamara 

E - MS3

MacLean, Steve - PS1 (Canada)

STS-53

Walker, David M. -

CDR 7/07/19

Dec-02-

92

07:24 a.m. 

CST

Discovery

Cabana, Robert D. 

- PLT 116

Dec-09-

92

02:43 p.m. 

CST

Bluford, Guion S. 

- MS1 3,034,680 EDW

Voss, James S. -

MS2

Clifford, Michael R. 

- MS3

STS-54

Casper, John H. -

CDR 5/23/38

Jan-13-

93

07:59 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour

McMonagle, 

Donald R. - PLT 96

Jan-19-

93

07:38 a.m. 

CST

Runco, Jr., Mario -

MS1 2,501,277 KSC

Harbaugh, 

Gregory J. - MS2

Helms, Susan J. -

MS3

STS-56

Cameron, Kenneth 

D. - CDR 9/6/9

Apr-09-

93

12:29 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Oswald, Stephen 

S. - PLT 148

Apr-17-

93

06:37 a.m. 

CDT
Foale, C. Michael -

MS1 3,853,997 KSC

Cockrell, Kenneth 

D. - MS2

Ochoa, Ellen -

MS3

STS-55

Nagel, Steven R. -

CDR 9/23/39

Apr-26-

93

09:50 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Henricks, Terence 

T. - PLT 160

May06-9309:30 a.m. 

CDT

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS1 4,164,183 EAFB

Precourt, Charles 

J. - MS2

Harris, Jr., Bernard 

A. - MS3

Walter, Ulrich - PS1 (Germany)

Schlegel, Hans W. - PS2 (Germany)

STS-57

Grabe, Ronald J. -

CDR 9/23/44

Jun-21-

93

08:07 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour Duffy, Brian - PLT 155

Jul-01-

93

07:52 a.m. 

CDT

Low, G. David -

MS1 4,118,037 KSC

Currie (Sherlock), Nancy - MS2

Wisoff, Peter J.K. 

- MS3

Voss, Janice E. -

MS4

STS-51

Culbertson, Jr., 

Frank L. - CDR 9/20/11

Sep-12-

93

06:45 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Readdy, William F. 

- PLT 158

Sep-22-

93

02:56 a.m. 

CDT

Newman, James 

H. - MS1 4,106,411 KSC

Bursch, Daniel W. 

- MS2

Walz, Carl E. -

MS3

STS-58

Blaha, John E. -

CDR 14/00/12

Oct-18-

93

09:53 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Searfoss, Richard 

A. - PLT 225

Nov-01-

93

09:06 a.m. 

CST
Seddon, M. Rhea 

-

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 5,840,450 EDW

McArthur, William 

S. - MS2

Wolf, David A. -

MS3

Lucid, Shannon W. - MS4

Fettman, Martin J. - PS

STS-61

Covey, Richard O. - CDR 10/19/58Dec-02-

93

03:27 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Bowersox, 

Kenneth D. - PLT 163

Dec-12-

93

11:26 p.m. 

CST

Musgrave, F. Story - MS4 (PYLD 

CDR) 4,433,772 KSC

Thornton, Kathryn 

C. - MS1

Nicollier, Claude - MS2

Hoffman, Jeffrey 

A. - MS3

Akers, Thomas D. - MS5

STS-60 Bolden, Jr., 

Charles F. - CDR 8/07/09

Feb-03-

94

06:10 a.m. 

CST

Discovery Reightler, Jr., 

Kenneth S. - PLT 130

Feb-11-

94

01:19 p.m. 

CST

Chang-Diaz, 

Franklin R. - MS3 3,439,704 KSC

 (PYLD CDR)

Davis, N. Jan - MS1

Sega, Ronald M. - MS2

Krikalev, Sergei K. - MS4 (Russia)

STS-62 Casper, John H. 

- CDR 13/23/16

Mar-04-

94

07:53 a.m. 

CST

Columbia Allen, Andrew M. 

- PLT 224

Mar-18-

94

07:09 a.m. 

CST

Thuot, Pierre J. - MS1 5,820,146 KSC

Gemar, Charles D. - MS2

Ivins, Marsha S. - MS3

STS-59 Gutierrez, Sidney 

M. - CDR 11/05/49

Apr-09-

94

06:06 a.m. 

CDT
Endeavour Chilton, Kevin P. 

- PLT 182

Apr-20-

94

11:54 a.m. 

CDT

Godwin, Linda M. - MS3 (PYLD CDR) 4,704,835 EAFB

Apt, Jerome - MS1

Clifford, Michael R. - MS2

Jones, Thomas D. - MS4

STS-65 Cabana, Robert D. - CDR 14/17/55

Jul-08-

94

11:43 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia Halsell, Jr., James 

D. - PLT 236

Jul-23-

94

05:38 a.m. 

CDT

Hieb, Richard J. - MS1 (PYLD CDR) 6,143,846 KSC

Walz, Carl E. - MS2

Chiao, Leroy - MS3

Thomas, Donald 

A. - MS4

Naito-Mukai, Chiaki - PS1 (Japan)

STS-64

Richards, Richard 

N. - CDR 10/22/49

Sep-09-

94

05:23 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Hammond, L. 

Blaine - PLT 177

Sep-20-

94

04:14 p.m. 

CDT

Linenger, Jerry M. - MS1 4,576,174 EDW

Helms, Susan J. - MS2

Meade, Carl J. - MS3/EV2

Lee, Mark C. - MS4/EV1

STS-68 Baker, Michael A. 

- CDR 11/05/46

Sep-30-

94

06:16 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Wilcutt, Terrence 

W. - PLT 182

Oct-11-

94

12:02 p.m. 

CDT

Smith, Steven L. - MS1 4,703,000 EDW

Bursch, Daniel W. - MS2

Wisoff, Peter J. K. - MS3

Jones, Thomas D. - MS4 (PYLD CDR)

STS-66

McMonagle, 

Donald R. - CDR 10/22/34

Nov-03-

94

11:00 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Brown, Curtis L. -

PLT 175

Nov-14-

94

09:34 a.m. 

CST
Ochoa, Ellen -

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 4,554,791 EDW

Tanner, Joseph R. 

- MS2

Clervoy, Jean-Francois - MS3 (France)

Parazynski, Scott 

E.- MS4

STS-63

Wetherbee, James 

D. - CDR 8/06/28

Feb-02-

95

11:22 p.m. 

CST

Discovery

Collins, Eileen M. 

- PLT 129

Feb-11-

95

05:51 a.m. 

CST

Harris, Jr., Bernard 

A. - MS1 (PYLD 

CDR) 2,922,000 KSC

Foale, C. Michael -

MS2

Voss, Janice E. -

MS3

Titov, Vladimir - MS4 (Russia)

STS-67

Oswald, Stephen 

S. - CDR 16/15/08

Mar-02-

95

12:38 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Gregory, William 

G. - PLT 262

Mar-18-

95

03:48 p.m. 

CST

Grunsfeld, John M. 

- MS1 6,892,836 EDW

Lawrence, Wendy 

B. - MS2

Jernigan, Tamara E. - MS3 (PYLD CDR)

Durrance, Samuel 

T. - PS1

Parise, Ronald A. -

PS2

STS-71

Gibson, Robert L. 

– CDR 9/19/22

Jun-27-

95

02:32 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Precourt, Charles 

J. – PLT 153

Jul-07-

95

09:55 a.m. 

CDT

Baker, Ellen S. -

MS1 4,100,000 KSC

Harbaugh, 

Gregory J. - MS2

Dunbar, Bonnie J.-

MS3

Solovyev, Anatoly Y. - M19 CDR (Russia, 

up)

Budarin, Nikolai M. - M19 FE (Russia, up)
Dezhurov, Vladimir - M18 CDR (Russia, 

down)

Strekalov, Gennady - M18 FE (Russia, 

down)

Thagard, Norman E. - M18 (down)

STS-70

Henricks, Terence 

T. – CDR 8/22/20

Jul-13-

95

08:42 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Kregel, Kevin R. –

PLT 142

Jul-22-

95

07:02 a.m. 

CDT

Thomas, Donald 

A. - MS1 3,700,000 KSC

Currie, Nancy J. -

MS2

Weber, Mary Ellen 

- MS3

STS-69

Walker, David M. –

CDR 10/20/28

Sep-07-

95

10:09 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Cockrell, Kenneth 

D. – PLT 170

Sep-18-

95

06:37 a.m. 

CDT

Voss, James S. -

MS1/EV1 (PYLD 

CDR) 4,500,000 KSC

Newman, James 

H. - MS2

Gernhardt, Michael L. - MS3/EV2

STS-73

Bowersox, 

Kenneth D. – CDR 15/21/52

Oct-20-

95

08:53 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Rominger, Kent V. 

– PLT 256

Nov-05-

95

05:45 a.m. 

CST

Coleman, 

Catherine G. -

MS1 6,600,000 KSC

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. - MS2

Thornton, Kathryn 

C. - MS3

Leslie, Fred W. -

PS1

Sacco Jr., Albert -

PS2

STS-74

Cameron, Kenneth 

D. – CDR 8/04/30

Nov-12-

95

06:31 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Halsell, James D., 

Jr. – PLT 129

Nov-20-

95

11:01 a.m. 

CST
Hadfield, Chris A. -

MS1 (Canada) 3,400,000 KSC

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS2

McArthur, William 

S. - MS3

STS-72 Duffy, Brian - CDR 8/22/00

Jan-11-

96

03:41 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Jett, Brent W. –

PLT 142

Jan-20-

96

01:42 a.m. 

CST

Chiao, Leroy -

MS1 3,700,000 KSC

Scott, Winston E. -

MS2

Wakata, Koichi -

MS3

Barry, Daniel T. -

MS4

STS-75

Allen, Andrew M. –

CDR 15/17/40

Feb-22-

96

02:18 p.m. 

CST

Columbia

Horowitz, Scott J. 

– PLT 252

Mar-09-

96

07:58 a.m. 

CST

Hoffman, Jeffrey 

A. - MS1 6,500,000 KSC

Cheli, Maurizio -

MS2 (Italy)

Nicollier, Claude -

MS3 (Switzerland)

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. - MS4 (PYLD 

CDR)

Guidoni, Umberto -

PS1 (Italy)

STS-76

Chilton, Kevin P. –

CDR 9/05/15

Mar-22-

96

02:13 a.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Searfoss, Richard 

A. - PLT 144

Mar-31-

96

07:29 a.m. 

CST

Sega, Ronald M. -

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 3,800,000 EDW

Clifford, Michael R. 

- MS2

Godwin, Linda M. -

MS3

Lucid, Shannon W. 

- MS4 (up)
STS-77

Casper, John H. –

CDR 10/00/39

May19-9605:30 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Brown, Curtis L. –

PLT 160

May29-9606:09 a.m. 

CDT

Thomas, Andrew -

MS1 4,100,000 KSC

Bursch, Daniel W. 

- MS2

Runco, Mario -

MS3

Garneau, Marc - MS4 (Canada)

STS-78

Henricks, Terence 

T. - CDR 16/21/47

Jun-20-

96

09:49 a.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Kregel, Kevin R. –

PLT 271

Jul-07-

96

07:37 a.m. 

CDT

Linnehan, Richard 

M. - MS1 7,046,000 KSC

Helms, Susan J. - MS2 (PYLD CDR)

Brady, Charles E. -

MS3

Favier, Jean-Jacques - PS1 (Canada)

Thirsk, Robert B. - PS2 (Canada)

STS-79 Readdy, William F. 

- CDR 10/03/18

Sep-16-

96

03:55 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Wilcutt, Terrence 

W. - PLT 159

Sep-26-

96

07:13 a.m. 

CDT

Apt, Jerome - MS1 3,900,000 KSC

Akers, Thomas D. 

– MS

Walz, Carl E. - MS3

Blaha, John E. - MS4 (up)

Lucid, Shannon W. - MS4 (down)

STS-80 Cockrell, Kenneth 

D. - CDR 17/15/53

Nov-19-

96

01:56 p.m. 

CST

Columbia Rominger, Kent V. 

- PLT 278

Dec-07-

96

05:49 a.m. 

CST

Jernigan, Tamara 

E. - MS1 7,043,950 KSC

Jones, Thomas D. 

- MS2

Musgrave, F. Story 

- MS3

STS-81 Baker, Michael A. 

– CDR 10/04/55

Jan-12-

97

03:27 a.m. 

CST
Atlantis Jett, Brent W. 

– PLT 161

Jan-22-

97

08:23 a.m. 

CST

Wisoff, Peter J.K. - MS1 3,900,000 KSC

Grunsfeld, John M. - MS2

Ivins, Marsha S. - MS3

Linenger, Jerry M. - MS4 (up)

Blaha, John E. - MS4 (down)

STS-82 Bowersox, 

Kenneth D. - CDR 9/23/37

Feb-11-

97

02:55 a.m. 

CST

Discovery Horowitz, Scott J. – PLT 149

Feb-21-

97

02:32 a.m. 

CST

Tanner, Joseph R. - MS1 3,800,000 KSC

Hawley, Steve A. - MS2

Harbaugh, 

Gregory J. - MS3

Lee, Mark C. - MS4

Smith, Steven L. - MS5

STS-83 Halsell, James D. – CDR 3/23/12

Apr-04-

97

01:21 p.m. 

CST

Columbia Still (Kilrain), 

Susan L. - PLT 63

Apr-08-

97

01:33 p.m. 

CDT

Voss, Janice E. - MS1 (PYLD CDR) 1,500,000 KSC

Gernhardt, 

Michael L. - MS2

Thomas, Donald 

A. - MS3

Crouch, Roger K. - PS1

Linteris, Gregory 

T. - PS2

STS-84 Precourt, Charles 

J. – CDR 9/05/19

May-

15-97

03:08 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Collins, Eileen M. – PLT 144

May-

24-97

08:28 a.m. 

CDT

Clervoy, Jean- Francois - MS1 

(France) 3,600,000 KSC

Noriega, Carlos I. - MS2

Lu, Edward T. - MS3

Kondakova, Elena V. - MS4 (Russia) Foale, C. Michael 

(up)
Linenger, Jerry M. 

(down)

STS-94

Halsell, James D. 

– CDR 15/16/44

Jul-01-

97

01:02 p.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Still (Kilrain), 

Susan L. - PLT 251

Jul-17-

97

05:47 a.m. 

CDT

Voss, Janice E. -

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 6,200,000 KSC

Gernhardt, 

Michael L. - MS2

Thomas, Donald 

A. - MS3

Crouch, Roger K. -

PS1

Linteris, Gregory 

T. - PS2

STS-85

Brown, Curtis L. –

CDR 11/20/26

Aug-07-

97

09:41 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Rominger, Kent V. 

– PLT 189

Aug-19-

97

06:08 a.m. 

CDT

Davis, N. Jan -

MS1 (PYLD CDR) 4,725,000 KSC

Curbeam, Robert 

L. - MS2

Robinson, Steven 

K. - MS3

Tryggvason, Bjarni V. - PS1 (Canada)

STS-86

Wetherbee, James 

D. – CDR 10/19/20

Sep-25-

97

09:34 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Bloomfield, 

Michael J. - PLT 169

Oct-06-

97

04:55 p.m. 

CDT

Titov, Vladimir -

MS1 (Russia) 4,225,000 KSC

Parazynski, Scott 

E. - MS2

Chretien, Jean-Loup - MS3 (France)

Lawrence, Wendy 

B. - MS4

Wolf, David A. -

MS5 (up)

Foale, C. Michael - MS5 (down)

STS-87

Kregel, Kevin R. –

CDR 15/16/34

Nov-19-

97

01:46 p.m. 

CST
Columbia

Lindsey, Steven 

W. – PLT 251

Dec-05-

97

06:20 a.m. 

CST

Chawla, Kalpana -

MS1 6,544,000 KSC

Scott, Winston E. -

MS2

Doi, Takao - MS3 

(Japan)

Kadenyuk, Leonid K. - PS1 (Ukraine)

STS-89

Wilcutt, Terrence 

W. – CDR 8/19/46

Jan-22-

98

08:48 p.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Edwards Jr., Joe 

F. – PLT 138

Jan-31-

98

04:35 p.m. 

CST

Reilly II, James F. 

- MS1 3,610,000 KSC

Anderson, Michael 

P. - MS2

Dunbar, Bonnie J. - MS3 (PYLD CDR)

Sharipov, Salizhan - MS4 (Russia)

Thomas, Andrew S. W. - MS5 (up)

Wolf, David A. -

MS5 (down)

STS-90

Searfoss, Richard 

A. – CDR 15/21/49

Apr-17-

98

01:19 p.m. 

CDT

Columbia

Altman, Scott D. –

PLT 255

May03-9811:09 a.m. 

CDT

Linnehan, Richard 

M. - MS1 (PYLD 

CDR) 6,375,000 KSC

Hire, Kathryn P. -

MS2

Williams, David R. -MS3 (Canada)

Buckey Jr., Jay 

Clark - PS1

Pawelczyk, James 

A. - PS2

STS-91

Precourt, Charles 

J. – CDR 9/19/53

Jun-02-

98

05:06 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery Gorie, Dominic L. 

– PLT 154

Jun-12-

98 01 p.m. CDT

Chang-Diaz, 

Franklin R. - MS1 3,800,000 KSC

 (PYLD CDR)

Lawrence, Wendy 

B. - MS2

Kavandi, Janet L. - MS3
Ryumin, Valery 

- MS4 (Russia)

Thomas, Andrew S.W. - MS5 (down)

STS-95

Brown, Curtis L. – CDR 8/21/43

Oct-29-

98

01:20 p.m. 

CST

Discovery Lindsey, Steven 

W. – PLT 134

Nov-07-

98

11:04 a.m. 

CST

Robinson, Steven 

K. - MS1 3,644,459 KSC

Parazynski, Scott 

E. - MS2

Duque, Pedro - MS3

Naito-Mukai, 

Chiaki - PS1

Glenn Jr., John H. - PS2

STS-88

Cabana, Robert D. – CDR 11/19/17

Dec-04-

98

02:36 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour Sturckow, 

Frederick W. - PLT 185

Dec-15-

98

09:54 p.m. 

CST

Ross, Jerry L. - MS1 4,650,000 KSC

Currie, Nancy J. - MS2

Newman, James 

H. - MS3

Krikalev, Sergei - MS4 (Russia)

STS-96 Rominger, Kent V. – CDR 9/19/13

May-

27-99

05:50 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Husband, Rick D. – PLT 153

Jun-06-

99

01:03 a.m. 

CDT

Jernigan, Tamara 

E. - MS1 4,051,000 KSC

Ochoa, Ellen - MS2

Barry, Daniel T. - MS3

Payette, Julie - MS4 (Canada)

Tokarev, Valery - MS5 (Russia)

STS-93

Collins, Eileen M. – CDR 4/22/49

Jul-22-

99

11:31 p.m. 

CDT

Columbia Ashby, Jeffrey S. 

– PLT 79

Jul-27-

99

10:21 p.m. 

CDT

Coleman, 

Catherine G. - MS1 1,796,000 KSC

Hawley, Steven A. - MS2
Tognini, Michel - MS3 (France)

STS-103

Brown, Curtis L. – CDR 7/23/11

Dec-19-

99

06:50 p.m. 

CST

Discovery Kelly, Scott J. – PLT 120

Dec-27-

99

06:01 p.m. 

CST

Smith, Steven L. - MS1 3,267,360 KSC

Clervoy, Jean-Francois - MS2 (France)

Grunsfeld, John M. 

- MS3

Foale, C. Michael - MS4

Nicollier, Claude - MS5 (Switzerland)

STS-99

Kregel, Kevin R. –

CDR 11/05/38

Feb-11-

00

11:44 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Gorie, Dominic L. 

– PLT 181

Feb-22-

00

05:22 p.m. 

CST

Thiele, GerhardMS1 (Germany) 4,708,821 KSC

Kavandi, Janet L. -

MS2

Voss, Janice E. -

MS3

Mohri, Mamoru -

MS4 (Japan)

STS-101

Halsell, James D. 

– CDR 9/20/09

May19-0005:11 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Horowitz, Scott J. 

– PLT 155

May29-0001:20 a.m. 

CDT

Weber, Mary Ellen 

- MS1 5,076,281 KSC

Williams, Jeff N. -

MS2

Voss, James S. -

MS3

Helms, Susan J. -

MS4

Usachev, Yury - MS5 (Russia)

STS-106

Wilcutt, Terrence 

W. – CDR 11/19/12

Sep-08-

00

07:46 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Altman, Scott D. –

PLT 203

Sep-20-

00

02:56 a.m. 

CDT

Lu, Edward T. -

MS1 4,919,243 KSC
Mastracchio, 

Richard A. - MS2

Burbank, Daniel C. 

- MS3

Malenchenko, Yuri - MS4 (Russia)

Morukov, Boris - MS5 (Russia)

STS-92 Duffy, Brian - CDR 12/21/40

Oct-11-

00

06:17 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Melroy, Pamela A. 

– PLT 202

Oct-24-

00

04:00 p.m. 

CDT

Chiao, Leroy -

MS1 5,331,301 EDW

McArthur, William 

S. - MS2

Wisoff, Peter J. K. 

- MS3

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. - MS4

Wakata, Koichi -

MS5 (Japan)

STS-97

Jett Jr., Brent W. –

CDR 10/19/58

Nov-30-

00

09:06 p.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Bloomfield, 

Michael J. – PLT 170

Dec-11-

00

05:04 p.m. 

CST

Tanner, Joseph R. 

- MS1 4,476,164 KSC

Noriega, Carlos I. -

MS3

Garneau, Marc - MS2 (Canada)

STS-98

Cockrell, Kenneth 

D. – CDR 12/21/20

Feb-7-

01

05:13 p.m. 

CST

Atlantis

Polansky, Mark L. 

– PLT 203

Feb-20-

01

02:33 p.m. 

CST

Curbeam, Robert 

L. - MS1 5,369,576 EDW

Ivins, Marsha S. -

MS2

Jones, Thomas D. 

- MS3

STS-102

Wetherbee, James 

D. – CDR 12/19:49

Mar-8-

01

05:42 a.m. 

CST

Discovery

Kelly, James M. –

PLT 201

Mar-21-

01

01:31 a.m. 

CST
Thomas, Andrew 

S. W. - MS1 5,357,432 KSC

Richards, Paul W. 

- MS2

Voss, James S. - MS3 (Exp 2 up)

Helms, Susan J. - MS4 (Exp 2, up)

Usachev, Yury - MS5 (Exp 2, Russia, up)

Shepherd, William M. - (Exp 1, down)

Gidzenko, Yuri - (Exp 1, Russia, down)

Krikalev, Sergei - (Exp 1, Russia, down)

STS-100

Rominger, Kent V. 

– CDR 11/21/30

Apr-19-

01

01:41 p.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Ashby, Jeffrey S. –

PLT 186

May-1-

01

11:11 a.m. 

CDT

Hadfield, Chris -

MS1 (Canada) 4,910,188 EDW

Phillips, John L. -

MS2

Parazynski, Scott 

E. - MS3

Guidoni, Umberto -

MS4 (Italy)

Lonchakov, Yuri - MS5 (Russia)

STS-104

Lindsey, Steven 

W. – CDR 12/18/35

Jul-12-

01

04:04 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Hobaugh, Charles 

O. – PLT 200

Jul-24-

01

10:39 p.m. 

CDT

Gernhardt, 

Michael L. - MS1 5,309,429 KSC

Kavandi, Janet L. -

MS2

Reilly II, James F. 

- MS3

STS-105

Horowitz, Scott J. 

– CDR 11/21/13

Aug-10-

01

04:10 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery

Sturckow, 

Frederick W. - PLT 186

Aug-22-

01

01:23 p.m. 

CDT

Forrester, Patrick 

G. - MS1 4,912,389 KSC

Barry, Daniel T. -

MS2

Culbertson Jr., Frank L. - MS3 (Exp 3, up)

Dezhurov, Vladimir - MS4 (Exp 3, Russia, 

up)
Tyurin, Mikhail - MS5 (Exp 3, Russia, up)

Voss, James S. - MS3 (Exp 2, down)

Helms, Susan J. - MS4 (Exp 2, down)

Usachev, Yury - MS5 (Exp 2, Russia, down)

STS-108

Gorie, Dominic L. 

– CDR 11/19/36

Dec-5-

01

04:19 p.m. 

CST

Endeavour

Kelly, Mark E. –

PLT 185

Dec-17-

01

11:55 a.m. 

CST

Godwin, Linda W. 

- MS1 4,817,649 KSC

Tani, Daniel M. -

MS2

Walz, Carl E.- MS3, (Exp 4, up)

Bursch, Daniel W. - MS4 (Exp 4, up)

Onufrienko, Yury - MS5 (Exp 4, Russia, 

up)

Culbertson Jr., Frank L. - MS3 (Exp 3, 

down)

Dezhurov, Vladimir - MS4 (Exp 3, Russia, down)

Tyurin, Mikhail - MS5 (Exp 3, Russia, 

down)

STS-109

Altman, Scott D. –

CDR 10/22/10

Mar-1-

02

05:22 a.m. 

CST

Columbia

Carey, Duane G. –

PLT 165

Mar-12-

02

03:32 a.m. 

CST

Grunsfeld, John M. 

- MS1 (PYLD 

CDR) 3,941,705 KSC

Currie, Nancy J. -

MS2

Linnehan, Richard 

M. - MS3

Newman, James 

H. - MS4

Massimino, 

Michael J. - MS5

STS-110

Bloomfield, 

Michael J. – CDR 10/19/43

Apr-08-

02

03:44 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis

Frick, Steven N. –

PLT 170

Apr-19-

02

11:27 a.m. 

CDT

Walheim, Rex J. -

MS1 4,525,299 KSC

Ochoa, Ellen -

MS2
Morin, Lee M. -

MS3

Ross, Jerry L. -

MS4

Smith, Steven L. -

MS5

STS-111

Cockrell, Kenneth 

D. – CDR 13/20/35

Jun-05-

02

04:23 p.m. 

CDT

Endeavour

Lockhart, Paul S. –

PLT 217

Jun-19-

02

12:58 p.m. 

CDT

Chang-Diaz, 

Franklin R. - MS1 5,781,115 EDW

Perrin, Philippe - MS2 (France)

Korzun, Valery – MS3 (Exp 5, Russia, up)

Whitson, Peggy A. – MS5 (Exp 5, up)

Onufrienko, Yury - MS3 (Exp 4, Russia, 

down)

Walz, Carl E. – MS4 (Exp 4, down)

Bursch, Daniel W. - MS5 (Exp 4, down)

STS-112 Ashby, Jeffrey S. - CDR 10/19/58

Oct-07-

02

02:46 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Melroy, Pamela A. - PLT 170

Oct-18-

02

10:44 a.m. 

CDT

Wolf, David A. - MS1

4,513,01

5 KSC

Magnus, Sandra H. - MS2

Sellers, Piers J. - MS3

Yurchikhin, Fyodor - MS4 (Russia)

STS-113

Wetherbee, James D. –

CDR 13/18/47

Nov-23-

02

06:50 p.m. 

CST

Endeavour Lockhart, Paul S. - PLT 215

Dec-07-

02

01:37 p.m. 

CST

Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. -

MS1

5,735,60

0 KSC

Herrington, John B. - MS2

Bowersox, Kenneth D.– MS3 (Exp 6, up)

Budarin, Nikolai - MS4 (Exp 6, Russia, up)

Pettit, Donald R. - MS5 (Exp 6, up)

Korzun, Valery - MS3 (Exp 5, Russia, 

down)

Whitson, Peggy A. - MS4 (Exp 5, down)

Treschev, Sergei - MS5 (Exp 5, Russia, down)
STS-107 Husband, Rick D. - CDR 15/22/20

Jan-16-

03

09:39 a.m. 

CST

Columbia McCool, William C. - PLT 255

Feb-01-

03

07:59 a.m. 

CST

Brown, David M. - MS1

6,649,75

7

Chawla, Kalpana - MS2

Anderson, Anderson P. -

MS3

Clark, Laurel B. - MS4

Ramon, Ilan - PS1 (Israel)

STS-114 Collins, Eileen M. - CDR 13/21/32

Jul-26-

05

09:39 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery Kelly, James M. - PLT 220

Aug-09-

05

07:11 a.m. 

CDT

Noguchi, Soichi - MS1 

(Japan)

5,796,41

9 EDW

Robinson, Steven K. - MS2

Thomas, Andrew S. W. -

MS3

Lawrence, Wendy B. - MS4

Camarda, Charles J. - MS5

STS-121 Lindsey, Steven W. - CDR 12/18/37 Jul-4-06

01:38 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery Kelly, Mark E. - PLT 202

Jul-17-

06

08:15 a.m. 

CDT

Fossum, Michael E. - MS1 5,293,923 KSC

Nowak, Lisa M. - MS2

Wilson, Stephanie D. - MS3

Sellers, Piers J. - MS 4

Reiter, Thomas - MS5 (Exp 13/14, up) (Germany)

STS-115 Jett, Brent W. - CDR 11/19/06

Sep-09-

06 10:15 a.m. CT

Atlantis Ferguson, Christopher J. - PLT 186

Sep-21-

06 05:21 a.m. CT

Tanner, Joseph R. - MS 1 4,910,268 KSC

Burbank, Daniel C. - MS 2

Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie M. – MS3

MacLean, Steve - MS4 (Canada)

STS-116 Polansky, Mark L. - CDR 12/20/45

Dec-09-

06 07:47 p.m. CT
Discovery Oefelein, William A. - PLT 203

Dec-22-

06 04:32 p.m. CT

Patrick, Nicholas J. M. - MS1 5,330,39

8 KSC

Curbeam, Robert L. - MS2

Fuglesang, Christer – MS3 (Sweden) Higginbotham, Joan E. - MS4

Williams, Sunita L. - MS5 (Exp 14/15, up)

Reiter, Thomas - MS5 (Exp. 13/14, down) (Germany)

STS-117 Sturckow, Frederick W. - CDR 13/20/11

Jun-08-

07 06:38 p.m. CT

Atlantis Archambault, Lee J. - PLT 220

Jun-22-

07 02:49 p.m. CT

Forrester, Patrick G. - MS1

5,809,36

3 EDW

Swanson, Steven R. - MS2

Olivas, John D. - MS3

Reilly II, James F. - MS4

Anderson, Clayton C. - MS5 (up)

Williams, Sunita L. - MS5 (down)

STS-118 Kelly, Scott J. - CDR 12/17/56

Aug-08-

07 05:36 p.m. CT

Endeavour Hobaugh, Charles O. - PLT 201

Aug-21-

07 11:32 a.m. CT

Dyson, Tracy Caldwell - MS15,274,97

7 KSC

Mastracchio, Richard A. - MS2

Williams, David R. – MS3 (Canada)

Morgan, Barbara R. – MS4

Drew, B. Alvin Jr. - MS5

STS-120 Melroy, Pamela A. - CDR 15/02/23

Oct-23-

07

10:38 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery Zamka, George D. - PLT 238

Nov-07-

07

12:01 p.m. 

CST

Parazynski, Scott E. - MS1 6,249,432 KSC

Wilson, Stephanie D. - MS2

Wheelock, Douglas H. - MS3

Nespoli, Paolo - MS4 (Italy)

Tani, Daniel M. - MS5 (up) Anderson, Clayton C. - MS5 (down)

STS-122 Frick, Steven N. - CDR 12/18/22

Feb-07-

08

01:45 p.m. 

CST
Atlantis Poindexter, Alan G. - PLT 202

Feb-20-

08

08:07 a.m. 

CST

Melvin, Leland D. - MS1

5,296,84

2 KSC

Walheim, Rex J. - MS2

Schlegel, Hans – MS3 (Germany)

Love, Stanley G. - MS4

Eyharts, Leopold - MS5 (up) (France)

Tani, Daniel M. - MS5 

(down )

STS-123 Gorie, Dominic L. - CDR 15/18/11

Mar-11-

08

01:28 a.m. 

CDT

Endeavour Johnson, Greg H. - PLT

Mar-26-

08

07:39 p.m. 

CDT

Behnken, Robert L. - MS1

6,577,85

7 KSC

Foreman, Michael J. - MS2

Doi, Takao - MS 3 (Japan)

Linnehan, Richard M. -

MS4

Reisman, Garrett E. - MS5 

(up)

Eyharts, Leopold - MS5 (down) (France)

STS-124 Kelly, Mark E. - CDR 13/18/13

May31-0804:02 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery Ham, Kenneth T. - PLT 217

Jun-14-

08

10:15 a.m. 

CDT

Nyberg, Karen L. - MS1

5,735,64

3 KSC

Garan Jr., Ronald J. - MS2

Fossum, Michael E. - MS3

Hoshide, Akihiko - MS4 (Japan)

Chamitoff, Gregory E. - MS5 (up)

Reisman, Garrett E. - MS5 (down)

STS-126

Ferguson, Christopher J. -

CDR 15/20/30

Nov-14-

08

06:55 p.m. 

CST

Endeavour Boe, Eric A. - PLT 251

Nov-30-

08

03:25 p.m. 

CST

Pettit, Donald R. - MS1

6,615,10

9 EDW

Bowen, Stephen G. - MS2

Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie M. – MS3

Kimbrough, Robert S. -

MS4
Magnus, Sandra H. - MS5 (up)

Chamitoff, Gregory E. - MS5 (down)

STS-119 Archambault, Lee J. - CDR 12/19/29

Mar-15-

09

06:43 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery Antonelli, Dominic A. - PLT 202

Mar-28-

09

02:15 p.m. 

CDT

Acaba, Joseph M. - MS1

5,304,10

6 KSC

Swanson, Steven R. - MS2

Arnold, Richard R. - MS3

Phillips, John L. - MS4

Wakata, Koichi-MS5 (down) (Japan)

Magnus, Sandra H. - MS5 (down)

STS-125 Altman, Scott D. – CDR 12/21/37

May11-0901:01 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Johnson, Gregory C. – PLT 197

May24-0910:39 a.m. 

CDT

Good, Michael T. - MS1

5,276,00

0 EDW

McArthur, K. Megan - MS2

Grunsfeld, John M. - MS3

Massimino, Michael J. -

MS4

Feustel, Andrew J. - MS5

STS-127 Polansky, Mark L. - CDR 15/16/45

July-15-

09

05:03 p.m. 

CDT

Endeavour Hurley, Douglas G. - PLT 248

July-31-

09

09:48 a.m. 

CDT

Cassidy, Christopher J. -

MS1

6,547,85

3 KSC

Payette, Julie - MS2 

(Canada)

Marshburn, Thomas H. -

MS3

Wolf, David A. - MS4

Kopra, Timothy L. - MS5 

(up)

Wakata, Koichi - MS5 (down) (Japan)

STS-128

Sturckow, Frederick W. -

CDR 13/20/54

Aug-28-

09

10:59 p.m. 

CDT

Discovery Ford, Kevin A. - PLT 219

Sep-11-

09

07:53 p.m. 

CDT
Forrester, Patrick G. - MS1

5,755,27

5 EDW

Hernandez, Jose M. - MS2

Olivas, John D. - MS3

Fuglesang, Christer - MS4 

(Sweden)

Stott, Nicole P. - MS5 (up)

Kopra, Timothy L. - MS5 (down)

STS-129

Hobaugh, Charles O. -

CDR 10/19/16

Nov-16-

09

01:28 p.m. 

CST

Atlantis Wilmore, Barry E. - PLT 171

Nov-27-

09

08:44 a.m. 

CST

Melvin, Leland D. - MS1

4,490,13

8 KSC

Bresnik, "Randy" - MS2

Foreman, "Mike" - MS3

Satcher Jr., Robert L. -

MS4

Stott, Nicole P. - MS5 

(down)

STS-130 Zamka, George D. - CDR 13/18/06

Feb-08-

10

03:14 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour Virts Jr., Terry W. - PLT 217

Feb-21-

10

09:20 p.m. 

CST

Hire, Kathryn P. - MS1

5,738,99

1 KSC

Robinson, Stephen K. -

MS2

Patrick, Nicholas J. M. -

MS3

Behnken, Robert L. - MS4

STS-131 Poindexter, Alan G. - CDR 15/02/47

Apr-05-

10

05:21 a.m. 

CDT

Discovery Dutton Jr., James P. - PLT 238

Apr-20-

10

08:08 a.m. 

CDT

Mastracchio, Richard A. -

MS1

6,232,23

5 KSC

Metcalf-Lindenberger, Dorothy M. – MS2

Wilson, Stephanie D. -

MS3

Yamazaki, Naoko - MS4 (Japan)

Anderson, Clayton C. -

MS5
STS-132 Ham, Kenneth T. - CDR 11/18/28

May14-1001:20 p.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Antonelli, Dominic A. - PLT 186

May26-1007:48 a.m. 

CDT

Reisman, Garrett E. - MS1

4,879,97

8 KSC

Good, Michael T. - MS2

Bowen, Stephen G. - MS3

Sellers, Piers J. - MS4

STS-133 Lindsey, Steve L. - CDR 12/19/00

Feb-24-

11

03:53 p.m. 

CST

Discovery Boe, Eric A. - PLT 202

Mar-09-

11

10:57 a.m. 

CST

Final Drew Jr., B. Alvin- MS1

5,304,14

0

Flight 

(39th) Bowen, Stephen G. - MS2

148,221,6

75 total 

miles

Barratt, Michael R. - MS3

Stott, Nicole P. - MS4

STS-134 Kelly, Mark E. - CDR 15/17/39

May16-1107:56 a.m. 

CST

Endeavour Johnson, Greg H. - PLT 248

Jun-01-

11

01:35 a.m. 

CST

Final Fincke, Michael E. - MS 1

6,510,22

1

Flight 

(25th)

Vittori, Roberto - MS2 

(Italy)

122,883,1

51 total 

miles

Feustel, Andrew J. - MS3

Chamitoff, Gregory E. -

MS4

STS-135

Ferguson, Christopher J. -

CDR 12/18/27

Jul-08-

01

10:29 a.m. 

CDT

Atlantis Hurley, Douglas G. - PLT 200

Jul-21-

11

04:57 a.m. 

CDT

Final Magnus, Sandra H. - MS1

5,284,86

2

Flight 

(33rd) Walheim, Rex J. - MS2

125,935,7

69 total 

miles
9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS 

Flight 

Vehicle 

Duration 

Days/Hrs/

Min 

Orbits 

Miles, sm

Date 

Launch, Location 

Landing, Location

Time 

Launch 

Landing

DM-2

Hurley, Douglas G. -

CDR 63/23/25

30 May 2020, KSC 

39-A

02:22 p.m.

CST

Endeavor

Behnken, Robert L. –

JOC 1,024 02 Aug 2020, GOM

03:48 p.m. 

CST

27.1 million

Crew-1

Hopkins, Michael S. -

CDR 167/06/29

16 Nov 2020, KSC 

39-A

08:27 p.m. 

CST

Resilience Glover, Victor J. - PLT 2,688 02 May 2021, GOM

01:56 a.m. 

CST

Walker, Shannon – MS 71.1 million

Noguchi, Soichi – MS 

(Japan)

Crew-2

Kimbrough, R. Shane -

CDR 198

23 April 2021, KSC 

39-A

04:49 a.m. 

CST

Endeavor

McArthur, K. Megan -

PLT 3,194

9 November 2021, 

GOM

9:33 p.m. 

CST

Pesquet, Thomas –

MS (ESA) 84,653,119

Hoshide, Aki – MS 

(Japan)

Crew-3 Chari, Raja - CDR 177

10 November 2021, 

KSC 39-A

8:03 p.m. 

CST

Marshburn, Thomas –

PLT 2,832 6 May 2022, GOM

11:43 p.m. 

CST

Barron, Kayla – MS 75,060,792

Maurer, Matthias – MS 

(ESA)

Total Time Shuttles Were in Space: 37164 days, 31 hours, 05 minutes

Total Miles Shuttles Flew: 542,398,878 (135 flights)
Crew-4 Lindgren, Kjell - CDR

27 April 2022, KSC 

39-A

2:52 a.m. 

CST

Hines, Robert – PLT

Watkins, Jessica – MS 

Cristoforetti, Samantha 

– MS (ESA)

9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS

Expedition 1

William Shepherd – Yuri Gidzenko – Sergei Krikalev

Launch: October 2000

Land: March 2001

141 days

Expedition 2

Yury Usachev – Jim Voss – Susan Helms

Launch: March 2001

Land: August 2001

167 days

Expedition 3

Frank Culbertson – Vladimir Dezhurov – Mikhail Tyurin

Launch: August 2001

Land: December 2001

129 days

Expedition 4

Yury Onufrienko – Carl Walz – Daniel Bursch

Launch: December 2001

Land: June 2002

196 days

Expedition 5

Valery Korzum – Sergei Treschev – Peggy Whitson

Launch: June 2002

Land: December 2002

185 days

Expedition 6

Ken Bowersox – Nikolai Budarin – Donald Pettit

Launch: November 2002

Land: May 2003

161 days

Expedition 7 Up with Expedition 8/Down with Expedition 7

Yuri Malenchenko – Ed Lu Pedro Duque
Launch: April 2003 Launch & Land: October 2003

Land: October 2003 10 days

185 days

Expedition 8 Up with Expedition 9/Down with Expedition 8

Mike Foale – Alexander Kaleri Andre Kuipers 

Launch: October 2003 Launch & Land: April 2004

Land: April 2004 11 days

195 days

Expedition 9 Up with Expedition 10/Down with Expedition 9

Gennady Padalka – Michael Fincke Yuri Shargin

Launch: April 2004 Launch & Land: October 2004

Land: October 2004 10 days

188 days

Expedition 10 Up with Expedition 11/Down with Expedition

10

Leroy Chiao – Salizhan Sharipov Roberto Vittori

Launch: October 2004 Launch & Land: April 2005

Land: April 2005 10 days

193 days

Expedition 11

Sergei Krikalev – John Phillips

Launch: April 2005

Land: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)

179 days

Expedition 12

William McArthur – Valery Tokarev

Launch: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)

Land: April 2006

190 days

Expedition 13 Expedition 13 & Expedition 14

Pavel Vinogradov – Jeffrey Williams Thomas Reiter

Launch: March 2006 Launch: July 2006

Land: September 2006 Land: December 2006

183 days 171 days

Expedition 14 Expedition 14 & Expedition 15

Mike Lopez-Alegria – Mikhail Tyurin Sunita Williams

Launch: September 2006 Launch: December 2006

Land: April 2007 Land: June 2007

215 days 194 days

Expedition 15 Expedition 15 & Expedition 16

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Oleg Kotov Clay Anderson
Launch: April 2007 Launch: June 2007

Land: October 2007 Land: November 2007

196 days 152 days

Expedition 16 Expedition 16 

Peggy Whitson – Yuri Malenchenko Dan Tani

Launch: October 2007 Launch: October 2007

Land: April 2008 Land: February 2008

192 days 120 days

Expedition 16 Expedition 16 & Expedition 17

Leopold Eyharts Garrett Reisman

Launch: February 2008 Launch: March 2008

Land: March 2008 Land: June 2008

48 days 95 days

Expedition 17 Expedition 17 & Expedition 18

Sergey Volkov – Oleg Kononenko Gregory Chamitoff

Launch: April 2008 Launch: May 2008

Land: October 2008 Land: November 2008

199 days 183 days

Expedition 18 Expedition 18 & Expedition 19

Michael Fincke – Yuri Lonchakov Koichi Wakata

Launch: October 2008 Launch: March 2009

Land: April 2009 Land: July 2009

178 days 137 days

Expedition 18

Sandy Magnus

Launch: November 2008

Land: March 2009

134 days

Expedition 19 & Expedition 20

Gennady Padalka – Michael Barratt

Launch: March 2009

Land: October 2009

199 days

Expedition 20 & Expedition 21

Roman Romanenko – Frank DeWinne – Robert Thirsk

Launch: May 2009

Land: December 2009

187 days

Expedition 20

Tim Kopra

Launch: July 2009
Land: September 2009

58 days

Expedition 21 & Expedition 22

Jeffrey Williams – Maxim Suraev

Launch: September 2009

Land: March 2010

169 days

Expedition 21

Nicole Stott

Launch: August 2009

Land: November 2009

91 Days

Expedition 22 & Expedition 23

Oleg Kotov – Soichi Noguchi – Timothy Creamer

Launch: December 2009

Land: June 2010

163 days

Expedition 23 & Expedition 24

Aleksandr Skvortsov – Mikhail Kornienko – Tracy Caldwell Dyson

Launch: April 2010

Land: September 2010

176 days

Expedition 24 & Expedition 25

Douglas Wheelock – Fyodor Yurchikhin – Shannon Walker

Launch: June 2010

Land: November 2010

163 days

Expedition 25 & Expedition 26

Scott Kelly – Aleksandr Kaleri – Oleg Skripochka

Launch: October 2010

Land: March 2011

159 days

Expedition 26 & Expedition 27

Dmitri Kondratyev – Catherine Coleman – Paolo Nespoli

Launch: December 2010

Land: May 2011

159 days

Expedition 27 & Expedition 28

Andrey Borisenko – Aleksandr Samokutyaev – Ronald Garan

Launch: April 2011

Land: September 2011
164 days

Expedition 28 & Expedition 29

Michael Fossum – Sergey Volkov – Satoshi Furukawa

Launch: June 2011

Land: November 2011

167 days

Expedition 29 & Expedition 30

Daniel Burbank – Anton Shkaplerov – Anatoly Ivanishin

Launch: November 2011

Land: April 2012

165 days

Expedition 30 & Expedition 31

Oleg Kononenko – Donald Pettit – Andre Kuipers

Launch: December 2011

Land: July 2012

192 days

Expedition 31 & Expedition 32

Gennadi Padalka – Sergei Revin – Joseph Acaba

Launch: May 2012

Land: September 2012

123 Days

Expedition 32 & Expedition 33

Sunita Williams – Yuri Malenchenko – Aki Hoshide

Launch: July 2012

Land: November 2012

127 Days

Expedition 33 & Expedition 34

Kevin Ford – Oleg Novitsky – Yevgeni Tarelkin

Launch: October 2012

Land: March 2013

144 Days

Expedition 34 & Expedition 35

Chris Hadfield – Roman Romanenko – Tom Marshburn

Launch: December 2012

Land: May 2013

146 Days

Expedition 35 & Expedition 36

Pavel Vinogradov – Aleksander Misurkin – Chris Cassidy

Launch: March 2013

Land: September 2013

166 Days
Expedition 36 & Expedition 37

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Luca Parmitano – Karen Nyberg

Launch: May 2013

Land: November 2013

166 Days

Expedition 37 & Expedition 38

Oleg Kotov – Sergey Ryzansky – Mike Hopkins

Launch: September 2013

Land: March 2014

167 days

Expedition 38 & Expedition 39

Koichi Wakata – Mikhail Tyurin – Rick Mastracchio

Launch: November 2013

Land: May 2014

188 days

Expedition 39 & Expedition 40

Steve Swanson – Aleksandr Skvortsov – Oleg Artemiev

Launch: March 2014

Land: September 2014

169 days

Expedition 40 & Expedition 41

Makin Suraev – Reid Wiseman – Alexander Gerst

Launch: June 2014

Land: November 2014 

165 days

Expedition 41 & Expedition 42

Barry Wilmore – Alexander Samokutyaev – Yelena Serova

Launch: September 2014

Land: March 2015

167 days

Expedition 42 & Expedition 43 

Anton Shkaplerov – Samantha Cristoforetti – Terry Virts

Launch: November 2014

Land: May 2015

199 days

Expedition 43 & Expedition 44

Gennady Padalka

Launch: March 2015

Land: October 2015

168 days
Expedition 43, Expedition 44, Expedition 45, Expedition 46

Scott Kelly – Mikhail Kornienko

Launch: March 2015

Land: March 2016

340 days

Expedition 44 & Expedition 45

Oleg Kononenko – Kjell Lindgren – Kimiya Yui

Launch: May 2015

Land: March 2016

141 days

Expedition 45 & Expedition 46

Sergey Volkov

Launch: October 2015

Land: March 2016 

182 days

Visiting Crew

Andreas Mogensen – Aidyn Aimbetov

Launch: with Volkov, October 2015

Land: with Padalka, October 2015

10 days

Expedition 46 & Expedition 47

Yuri Malenchenko – Tim Kopra – Timothy Peake

Launch: December 2015

Land: June 2016

186 days

Expedition 47 & Expedition 48

Jeff Williams – Alexey Ovchinin – Oleg Skripochka

Launch: March 2016

Land: September 2016

172 days

Expedition 48 & Expedition 49

Anatoly Ivanishin – Kate Rubins – Takuya Onishi

Launch: July 2016

Land: October 2016 

115 days

Expedition 49 & Expedition 50

Shane Kimbrough – Sergey Ryzhikov – Andrey Borisenko

Launch: October 2016

Land: April 2017

173 days

Expedition 50 & Expedition 51
Oleg Novistsky – Thomas Pesquet

Launch: November 2016

Land: June 2017

196 days

Expedition 50, Expedition 51 & Expedition 52

Peggy Whitson

Launch: November 2016

Land: September 2017

288 days

Expedition 51 & Expedition 52

Jack Fischer – Fyodor Yurchikhin 

Launch: April 2017

Land: September 2017

136 days

Expedition 52 & Expedition 53

Sergey Ryazanskiy – Randy Bresnik – Paolo Nespoli

Launch: July 2017

Land: December 2017

139 days

Expedition 53 & Expedition 54

Alexander Misurkin – Joseph Acaba – Mark Vande Hei

Launch: September 2017

Land: February 2018

168 days

Expedition 54 & Expedition 55

Anton Shkaplerov – Scott Tingle – Norshige Kanai

Launch: December 2017

Land: June 2018

168 days

Expedition 55 & Expedition 56

Oleg Aremyev – Drew Feustel – Ricky Arnold

Launch: March 2018

Land: October 2018

197 days

Expedition 56 & 57

Alexander Gerst – Serena Auñón-Chancellor – Sergey Prokopyev

Launch: June 2018

Land: December 2018

197 days

Expedition 58 & Expedition 59

Oleg Kononenko – Anne McClain – David St. Jacques
Launch: December 2018

Land: June 2019

204 days

Expedition 59 & Expedition 60

Aleksey Ovchinin – Nick Hague – Christina H. Koch

Launch: March 14, 2019

Land: October 3, 2019

204 days

Expedition 60 & Expedition 61

Andrew Morgan – Luca Parmitano – Aleksandr Skvortsov 

Launch: July 20, 2019

Land: February 6, 2020 (Christina H. Koch landed with Expedition 60-61)

202 days

Expedition 61 & Expedition 62

Andrew Morgan – Jessica Meir – Oleg Skripochka 

Launch: September. 25, 2019

Land: April 17, 2020

206 days

Expedition 62 & Expedition 63

Christopher Cassidy – Anatoli Ivanishin – Ivan Vagner

Launch: April 9, 2020

Land: October 21, 2020

196 days

Expedition 63

Doug Hurley – Bob Behnken

Launch: May 30, 2020

Land: August 2, 2020

65 days

Expedition 63 & 64

Sergey Ryzhikov – Sergey Kud-Sverchkov – Kathleen Rubins

Launch: October 14, 2020

Land: April 17, 2021

181 days

Expedition 64 & 65

Michael Hopkins – Victor Glover – Soichi Noguchi – Shannon Walker

Launch: November 16, 2020

Land: May 2, 2021

168 days

Oleg Novitsky

Launch: April 17, 2021

Land: October 17, 2021
Expedition 64, 65, & 66

Pyotr Dubrov – Mark Vande Hei

Launch: April 17, 2021

Land: March 30, 2022

355 days

Expedition 65

Akihiko Hoshide – Shane Kimbrough – Megan McArthur – Thomas Pesquet

Launch: April 23, 2021

Land: November 9, 2021 

Expedition 66

Raja Chari - Thomas Mashburn - Matthias Maurer - Kayla Barron

Launch: November 11, 2021

Land: May 6, 2022

Expedition 67

Kjell Lindgren – Robert Hines – Jessica Watkins – Samantha Cristoforetti 

Launch: April 27, 2022
9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS

Michael E. Lopez-Algeria 10 67 hours – 40 minutes

Peggy A. Whitson 10 60 hours – 21 minutes 

Andrew J. Feustel 9 61 hours – 48 minutes

Robert L. Behnken 10 61 hours – 10 minutes

Robert S. Kimbrough 9 59 hours – 28 minutes 

Jerry L. Ross 9 57 hours – 55 minutes

Christopher J. Cassidy 10 54 hours – 51 minutes

Richard A. Mastracchio 9 53 hours – 04 minutes 

E. Michael Fincke 9 48 hours – 36 minutes

John M. Grunsfeld 8 58 hours – 30 minutes

Sunita L. Williams 7 50 hours – 40 minutes

Steve L. Smith 7 49 hours – 48 minutes

Michael E. Fossum 7 48 hours – 32 minutes

Steve G. Bowen 7 47 hours – 18 minutes

David A. Wolf 7 47 hours – 05 minutes

Scott E. Parazynski 7 47 hours – 05 minutes

Joseph R. Tanner 7 46 hours – 29 minutes

Andrew R. Morgan 7 45 hours – 48 minutes

Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. 7 45 hours – 33 minutes

Douglas H. Wheelock 6 43 hours – 30 minutes

James H. Newman 6 43 hours – 13 minutes

Christina H. Koch 6 42 hours – 15 minutes

Richard J. Linnehan 6 42 hours – 12 minutes

Piers Sellers 6 41 hours – 10 minutes

Daniel M. Tani 6 39 hours – 11 minutes

Clayton C. Anderson 6 38 hours – 28 minutes

Leroy Chiao 6 36 hours – 19 minutes

Rex J. Walheim 5 36 hours – 23 minutes

John D. Olivas 5 34 hours – 28 minutes

Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 5 33 hours – 42 minutes

Michael J. Foreman 5 32 hours – 20 minutes

Richard R. Arnold 5 32 hours – 04 minutes

Michael S. Hopkins 5 32 hours – 01 minutes

Randolph J. Bresnik 5 32 hours – 00 minutes

Jeffrey N. Williams 5 31 hours – 55 minutes

Thomas Marshburn 5 31 hours - 1 minute

James F. Reilly 5 30 hours – 43 minutes

Michael J. Massimino 4 30 hours – 44 minutes

Michael T. Good 4 29 hours – 53 minutes

Thomas D. Akers 4 29 hours – 40 minutes

Steven R. Swanson 5 27 hours – 58 minutes

Ronald J. Garan, Jr. 4 27 hours – 03 minutes

Kathleen H. Rubins 4 26 hours – 46 minutes

Mark Vande Hei 4 26 hours – 42 minutes

Story Musgrave 4 26 hours – 19 minutes

Victor J. Glover 4 26 hours – 07 minutes

Mark C. Lee 4 26 hours – 01 minutes
Daniel T. Barry

4 25 hours – 53 minutes

Barry E. Wilmore4 25 hours – 36 minutes

Patrick G. Forrester4 25 hours – 30 minutes

Jeffrey A. Hoffman4 25 hours – 08 minutes

William W. McArthur, Jr.4 24 hours – 21 minutes

Eugene A. Cernan4 24 hours – 14 minutes

Thomas H. Marshburn4 24 hours – 29 minutes

Michael L. Gernhardt4 23 hours – 16 minutes

C. Michael Foale4 22 hours – 45 minutes

James S. Voss4 22 hours – 35 minutes

Jessica U. Meir3 21 hours – 44 minutes

James D. A. van Hoften4 21 hours – 08 minutes

Tracy Caldwell Dyson3 22 hours – 49 minutes 

Harrison H. Schmitt3 22 hours – 05 minutes

Garrett E. Reisman3 21 hours – 12 minutes

Kathryn C. Thornton3 21 hours – 11 minutes

Charlie M. Duke, Jr.3 20 hours – 14 minutes

John W. Young3 20 hours – 14 minutes

Steven K. Robinson3 20 hours – 05 minutes

John B. Herrington3 19 hours – 55 minutes

Peter J. K. Wisoff3 19 hours – 53 minutes

Thomas D. Jones3 19 hours – 48 minutes

Joseph M. Acaba3 19 hours – 46 minutes

David R. Scott 3 19 hours – 35 minutes 

Winston E. Scott3 19 hours – 36 minutes

Franklin R. Chang-Diaz3 19 hours – 30 minutes

Carlos I. Noriega3 19 hours – 20 minutes

Carl E. Walz3 18 hours – 55 minutes

James B. Irwin 3 18 hours – 35 minutes

Gregory J. Harbaugh3 18 hours – 29 minutes

Nicholas J. M. Patrick3 18 hours – 14 minutes

Pierre J. Thuot3 17 hours – 42 minutes

Richard J. Hieb3 17 hours – 42 minutes

Gerald P. Carr3 15 hours – 49 minutes

Owen K. Garriott3 13 hours – 43 minutes

Timothy L. Kopra3 13 hours – 31 minutes

Edward G. Gibson3 15 hours – 21 minutes

Alan L. Bean3 10 hours – 26 minutes

Tyler N. Hague3 19 hours – 56 minutes

Terry W. Virts3 19 hours –02 minutes

Scott J. Kelly3 18 hours – 20 minutes

Stanley G. Love2 15 hours – 23 minutes

Kjell N. Lindgren2 15 hours – 04 minutes

Lee M. Morin2 14 hours – 07 minutes

Gregory E. Chamitoff2 13 hours – 43 minutes

William R. Pogue2 13 hours – 34 minutes

Kayla Barron2 13 hours – 26 minutes 

Kenneth D. Bowersox2 13 hours – 17 minutes

Donald R. Pettit2 13 hours – 17 minutes
Barron, Kayla 2 13 hours - 26 minutes

Raja Chari 2 13 hours - 8 minutes 

Anne C. McClain 2 13 hours – 8 minutes

B. Alvin Drew 2 12 hours – 48 minutes

G. Reid Wiseman 2 12 hours – 47 minutes

Charles Conrad, Jr. 4 12 hours – 28 minutes 

Robert L. Satcher, Jr. 2 12 hours – 19 minutes

Sherwood C. Spring 2 12 hours – 13 minutes

Dale A. Gardner 2 12 hours – 42 minutes

Joseph M. Allen 2 12 hours – 14 minutes

Bruce McCandless, II 2 12 hours – 12 minutes

Robert L. Stewart 2 12 hours – 12 minutes

William F. Fisher 2 11 hours – 52 minutes

Daniel W. Bursch 2 11 hours – 46 minutes

Jack R. Lousma 2 11 hours – 02 minutes

Jerome Apt 2 10 hours – 49 minutes

Linda M. Godwin 2 10 hours – 14 minutes

George D. Nelson 2 10 hours – 06 minutes

Alan B. Shepard, Jr. 2 9 hours – 35 minutes

Edgar D. Mitchell 2 9 hours – 35 minutes

Edwin Aldrin 2 7 hours – 52 minutes

Jack D. Fischer 2 6 hours – 59 minutes

Michael R. Barratt 2 5 hours – 06 minutes

Susan J. Helms 1 8 hours – 55 minutes

Tamara E. Jernigan 1 7 hours – 55 minutes

Scott D. Tingle 1 7 hours – 24 minutes

Daniel C. Burbank 1 7 hours – 11 minutes

Chari, Raja 1 6 hours - 54 minutes

Carl J. Meade 1 6 hours – 51 minutes

Nicole P. Stott 1 6 hours – 39 minutes

Andrew S. W. Thomas 1 6 hours – 21 minutes

Paul W. Richards 1 6 hours – 21 minutes

Edward T. Lu 1 6 hours – 14 minutes

Michael R. Clifford 1 6 hours – 02 minutes

G. David Low 1 5 hours – 50 minutes

Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. 1 5 hours – 04 minutes

John L. Phillips 1 4 hours – 58 minutes

Jerry M. Linenger 1 4 hours – 59 minutes

Bernard A. Harris, Jr. 1 4 hours – 39 minutes 

Mario Runco Jr. 1 4 hours – 28 minutes

Donald H. Peterson 1 4 hours – 17 minutes

David C. Leestma 1 3 hours – 29 minutes

Kathryn D. Sullivan 1 3 hours – 29 minutes

Joseph P. Kerwin 1 3 hours – 25 minutes

S. David Griggs 1 3 hours – 06 minutes

Neil A. Armstrong 1 2 hours – 32 minutes

Paul J. Weitz 1 2 hours– 11 minutes 

Michael Collins 1 1 hour – 27 minutes 

Thomas K. Mattingly 1 1 hour – 24 minutes 
Ronald E. Evans

1 1 hour – 07 minutes

Russell L. Schweickart1 0 hours – 46 minutes 

Alfred M. Worden1 0 hours – 41 minutes

Richard F. Gordon, Jr.1 0 hours – 38 minutes 

Edward H. White, II1 0 hours – 36 minutes