Fiscal Year

BUDGET ESTIMATES

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Summary 

Budget Authority, $ in million 

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009 

Enacted 

Recovery 

Act FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Science 4,733.2 4,503.0 400.0 4,477.2 4,747.4 4,890.9 5,069.0 5,185.4 

 

 Earth Science 1,237.4 1,379.6 325.0 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0 

 Planetary Science 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2 

 Astrophysics 1,395.6 1,206.2 75.0 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6 

 Heliophysics 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6 

Aeronautics 511.4 500.0 150.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0 

 

Exploration 3,299.4 3,505.5 400.0 3,963.1* 6,076.6* 6,028.5* 5,966.5* 6,195.3*

 

 Constellation Systems 2675.9 3033.2 400.0 3505.4 5543.3 5472.0 5407.6 5602.6 

 Advanced Capabilities 623.5 472.3 457.7 533.3 556.5 558.9 592.7 

Space Operations 5,427.2 5,764.7 0.0 6,175.6 3,663.8 3,485.3 3,318.6 3,154.8 

 

 Space Shuttle 3,295.4 2,981.7 3.157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0 

 International Space Station 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9 

 Space and Flight Support 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9 

Education 146.8 169.2 0.0 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5 

 

 Education 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5 

Cross-Agency Support 3,251.4 3,306.4 50.0 3,400.6 3,468.4 3,525.7 3,561.4 3,621.4 

 

 Center Management and 

Operations 

2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9 

 Agency Management and 

Operations 

834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5 

 Institutional Investments 325.5 293.7 50.0 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0 

 Congressionally Directed 

Items 

80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Inspector General 32.6 33.6 2.0 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6 

 

NASA FY 2010 17,401.9 17,782.4 1,002.0 18,686.0 18,631.0 18,613.0 18,607.0 18,858.0 

 

 Year to Year Change 2.2% 5.1% -0.3% -0.1% 0.0% 1.3% 

* Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for 

Exploration activities reflecting the review’s results. 
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

i

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Science 4,733.2 4,903.0 4,477.2 4,747.4 4,890.9 5,069.0 5,185.4 

 

Earth Science 1,237.4 1,704.6 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0 

Earth Science Research 358.3 437.4 397.5 407.5 404.2 416.8 412.1 

 Earth Science Research and Analysis 259.4 313.7 281.7 300.3 294.2 304.4 296.5 

 Computing and Management 98.9 123.7 115.8 107.2 110.0 112.4 115.6 

Earth Systematic Missions 546.1 898.9 715.5 725.4 786.4 818.8 867.6 

 Global Precipitation Measurement 

 (GPM) 74.4 157.8 159.5 127.6 137.5 111.2 80.4 

 Glory Mission 82.3 50.7 27.1 10.1 4.4 1.9 0.0 

 Landsat Data Continuity Mission 

 (LDCM) 127.3 200.9 120.6 137.4 165.0 90.0 15.0 

 NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) 46.1 57.1 112.8 33.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 

 Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation 

Satellite 

 (ICESat-II) 

9.6 38.8 39.2 74.6 99.1 126.9 161.7 

 Soil Moisture Active and Passive 

 (SMAP) 9.6 104.3 70.0 132.2 180.4 135.0 40.0 

 Decadal Survey Missions 16.8 82.3 0.0 10.9 8.8 161.1 374.6 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 180.1 206.9 186.3 198.9 186.0 187.5 190.8 

Earth System Science Pathfinder 106.8 118.3 63.9 128.8 114.2 121.4 119.1 

 Aquarius 33.4 44.7 18.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 0.0 

 Venture Class Missions 0.0 21.0 12.9 79.2 66.5 75.1 75.7 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 73.4 52.6 32.8 43.3 43.5 43.5 43.4 

Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations 143.0 148.1 149.9 160.3 165.4 161.3 165.5 

 Earth Science Multi-Mission 

Operations 143.0 148.1 149.9 160.3 165.4 161.3 165.5 

Earth Science Technology 43.0 54.1 45.9 47.2 48.2 49.5 52.7 

 Earth Science Technology 43.0 54.1 45.9 47.2 48.2 49.5 52.7 

Applied Sciences 40.2 47.8 32.2 30.7 31.5 32.2 33.1 

 Pathways 40.2 47.8 32.2 30.7 31.5 32.2 33.1 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

ii

Budget Authority, $ in million 

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Planetary Science 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2 

Planetary Science Research 183.1 162.1 161.7 193.5 240.2 232.6 254.2 

 Planetary Science Research and 

 Analysis 133.6 135.0 135.1 144.4 153.2 156.9 160.7 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 18.6 19.5 21.4 22.2 22.3 22.7 29.3 

 Education and Directorate 

 Management 27.7 3.9 1.4 23.1 60.7 49.0 60.1 

 Near Earth Object Observations 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 

Lunar Quest Program 41.3 105.0 103.6 142.6 138.6 145.5 118.7

 Lunar Science 36.2 64.8 33.3 52.4 58.5 64.3 39.4 

 Lunar Atmosphere and Dust 

 Environment Explorer 5.1 30.2 66.5 73.9 31.1 0.0 0.0 

 International Lunar Network 0.0 10.0 3.7 16.3 48.9 81.2 79.3 

Discovery 136.4 247.0 213.2 234.6 256.8 256.5 264.3 

 Gravity Recovery and Interior 

 Laboratory (GRAIL) 67.0 122.4 124.1 104.8 41.4 4.7 0.0 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 69.3 124.6 89.1 129.9 215.4 251.8 264.3 

New Frontiers 115.1 263.9 264.1 239.9 294.2 239.8 249.6 

 Juno 95.0 245.0 237.2 174.2 71.4 17.8 18.1 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 20.2 19.0 26.9 65.7 222.8 222.0 231.5 

Mars Exploration 709.3 381.6 416.1 494.5 405.5 514.3 536.7 

 2009 Mars Science Lab 545.0 223.3 204.0 194.6 67.3 65.0 30.0 

 MAVEN 1.0 6.7 53.4 168.7 182.6 138.4 30.6 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 163.3 151.6 158.7 131.2 155.7 310.9 476.1 

Outer Planets 62.2 101.1 98.6 97.1 140.3 117.7 118.5 

 Outer Planets 62.2 101.1 98.6 97.1 140.3 117.7 118.5 

Technology 65.2 64.9 89.0 98.4 102.1 93.5 91.4 

 Technology 65.2 64.9 89.0 98.4 102.1 93.5 91.4 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

iii

Budget Authority, $ in million 

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Astrophysics 1,395.6 1,281.2 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6 

Astrophysics Research 102.2 135.0 151.9 160.0 165.0 177.2 188.0 

 Astrophysics Research and Analysis 56.9 60.0 61.1 62.5 64.0 66.2 67.8 

 Balloon Project 24.0 24.6 26.7 28.8 32.4 33.2 35.8 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 21.3 50.4 64.1 68.6 68.5 77.9 84.4 

Cosmic Origins 870.1 819.2 667.2 598.9 550.3 523.8 452.3 

 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 244.9 207.7 112.6 101.6 94.6 91.1 93.2 

 James Webb Space Telescope 

 (JWST) 510.3 446.9 441.4 385.1 354.6 335.6 259.8 

 Stratospheric Observatory for 

Infrared 

 Astronomy (SOFIA) 

63.8 72.8 72.8 74.0 75.8 77.6 79.1 

 Other Missions And Data Analysis 51.2 91.7 40.4 38.3 25.3 19.4 20.2 

Physics of the Cosmos 148.9 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3

 Missions and Data Analysis 148.9 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3 

Exoplanet Exploration 156.7 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3

 Missions and Data Analysis 156.7 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3 

Astrophysics Explorer 117.7 130.7 107.9 69.5 26.6 10.4 1.7 

 Wide - Field Infrared Survey Explorer 

 (WISE) 72.7 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.2 0.0 

 Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope 

 Array (NuStar) 16.7 38.7 59.9 33.7 6.8 6.4 0.0 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 28.3 26.8 35.0 30.6 18.2 3.8 1.7 

Heliophysics 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6 

Heliophysics Research 183.3 195.9 178.6 178.1 183.1 190.6 194.3 

 Heliophysics Research and Analysis 33.0 31.0 35.4 38.4 39.1 40.1 41.1 

 Sounding Rocket Operations 51.0 77.4 66.5 67.5 68.9 71.4 73.1 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 99.4 87.5 76.7 72.3 75.1 79.1 80.1 

Living with a Star 218.1 238.6 212.2 204.6 208.7 230.0 236.6 

 Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) 108.1 20.8 34.1 20.2 18.6 16.3 15.6 

 Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) 67.8 154.4 137.1 127.9 105.1 22.0 17.3 

 Solar Probe Plus 13.9 18.0 4.0 16.6 36.7 57.8 81.3 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 28.4 45.3 37.0 39.8 48.3 134.0 122.4 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

iv

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Solar Terrestrial Probes 71.9 123.1 143.0 169.1 170.6 160.8 164.3 

 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) 43.1 94.6 118.6 149.3 148.8 137.5 143.8 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 28.8 28.5 24.4 19.8 21.8 23.3 20.5 

Heliophysics Explorer Program 48.1 31.4 69.4 119.7 158.1 161.3 167.4 

 GOLD 0.3 0.5 0.5 10.6 10.9 6.7 0.9 

 Other Missions and Data Analysis 47.9 30.9 68.9 109.1 147.2 154.6 166.5 

New Millennium 15.0 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 New Millennium 15.0 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Near Earth Networks 40.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 Near Earth Networks 40.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS) 210.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Deep Space Network 210.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Aeronautics 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0 

 

Aeronautics 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0 

Aviation Safety 66.5 89.3 60.1 59.6 59.2 61.7 62.5 

 Integrated Vehicle Health 

Management 21.5 22.2 19.8 18.2 18.3 18.9 18.9 

 Aging Aircraft and Durability 9.1 13.4 11.4 11.2 11.7 12.1 12.1 

 Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control 21.8 37.3 16.4 17.0 17.6 18.2 18.2 

 Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck 

 Technologies 14.1 16.3 12.5 13.3 11.6 12.6 13.4 

Airspace Systems 100.1 121.5 81.4 82.9 83.9 87.2 88.3 

 NextGen Concepts and Technology 

 Development 83.3 105.3 53.3 54.5 55.3 57.8 58.7 

 NextGen Systems Analysis, 

 Integration, and Evaluation 16.8 16.2 28.1 28.4 28.5 29.5 29.6 

Fundamental Aeronautics 269.6 307.6 228.4 230.0 233.6 239.0 245.9 

 Subsonic - Rotary Wing 30.8 38.9 26.1 26.1 26.3 27.4 27.9 

 Subsonic - Fixed Wing 119.6 155.2 101.6 103.7 105.4 107.3 110.8 

 Supersonics 53.0 55.6 40.6 40.0 40.7 42.0 42.8 

 Hypersonics 66.2 57.9 60.0 60.2 61.1 62.3 64.4 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

v

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Aeronautics Test Program 75.1 131.6 74.7 77.1 77.2 76.6 78.7 

 Aero Ground Test Facilities 50.0 100.0 48.6 50.1 50.2 49.8 51.2 

 Flight Operations and Test 

 Infrastructure 25.1 31.6 26.1 27.0 27.0 26.8 27.5 

Integrated Systems Research 0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 60.5 

 Environmentally Responsible Aviation 

 Project 0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 60.5 

Exploration 3,299.4* 3,905.5* 3,963.1* 6,076.6* 6,028.5* 5,966.5* 6,195.3*

 

Constellation Systems 2,675.9 3,433.2 3,505.4 5,543.3 5,472.0 5,407.6 5,602.6 

Constellation Systems Program 2,545.3 3,130.2 3,466.4 5,531.3 5,472.0 5,407.6 5,602.6 

 Program Integration and Operations 610.4 645.5 642.5 1,423.9 1,405.4 1,501.5 1,813.9 

 Crew Exploration Vehicle 889.5 1,387.2 1,383.5 1,938.9 2,056.1 1,931.0 1,751.7 

 Crew Launch Vehicle 1,030.5 1,067.4 1,415.4 2,143.3 1,985.5 1,950.1 2,012.0 

 Cargo Launch Vehicle 15.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 

Commercial Crew and Cargo 130.5 303.0 39.1 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Advanced Capabilities 623.5 472.3 457.7 533.3 556.5 558.9 592.7 

Human Research Program 149.6 151.9 151.5 151.9 157.4 161.4 166.2 

Exploration Technology Development 286.9 264.1 287.0 381.2 399.0 397.5 426.5 

Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 187.1 56.3 19.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 

* Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for 

Exploration activities reflecting the review’s results. FY 2010 and outyear funding levels for Exploration 

activities shown here represent the budget request if there were no changes to ongoing activities.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

vi

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Space Operations 5,427.2 5,764.7 6,175.6 3,663.8 3,485.3 3,318.6 3,154.8 

 

Space Shuttle 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0 

Space Shuttle Program 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0 

 Program Integration 516.6 489.6 678.1 152.0 22.7 0.0 0.0 

 Flight and Ground Operations 1,124.9 1,031.2 1,035.1 109.5 49.1 0.0 0.0 

 Flight Hardware 1,653.9 1,460.9 1,443.9 121.3 16.0 0.0 0.0 

International Space Station 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9 

International Space Station Program 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9 

 ISS Operations 1,603.2 1,755.4 1,639.0 1,717.3 1,513.9 1,437.8 1,449.0 

 ISS Cargo Crew Services 82.3 304.8 628.0 830.9 1,137.7 1,131.1 956.9 

Space and Flight Support 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9 

Space Communications and Navigation 303.9 582.9 496.6 506.9 520.3 524.0 524.0 

 Space Communications Networks 56.5 363.5 427.2 423.0 440.8 431.1 444.3 

 Space Communications Support 97.4 65.4 43.4 64.9 56.9 79.5 79.7 

 TDRS Replenishment 150.0 154.0 26.0 19.0 22.6 13.4 0.0 

Human Space Flight Operations 0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 89.0

 Space Flight Crew Operations 0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 89.0 

Launch Services 91.8 89.6 85.9 84.1 83.9 83.9 82.8 

 Launch Services 91.8 89.6 85.9 84.1 83.9 83.9 82.8 

Rocket Propulsion Test 41.9 41.8 45.8 44.6 44.5 44.5 44.5 

 Rocket Propulsion Testing 41.9 41.8 45.8 44.6 44.5 44.5 44.5 

Crew Health & Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 

 Crew Health and Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

vii

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Education 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5 

 

Education 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5 

Higher Ed. STEM Education 92.0 107.7 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.7 80.7 

 STEM Opportunities (Higher 

 Education) 9.0 9.5 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 

 NASA Space Grant 35.7 40.0 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 

 Experimental Program to Stimulate 

 Competitive Research 12.8 20.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 

 Minority University Research & 

 Education Program 27.5 28.2 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 

 Global Climate Change Education 7.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

K-12 STEM Education 41.3 47.5 43.3 41.0 41.0 41.0 42.7 

 STEM Student Opportunities (K-12) 9.6 10.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 

 STEM Teacher Development (K-12) 20.1 21.0 28.9 26.5 26.5 26.5 28.2 

 K-12 Competitive Educational Grant 

 Program 11.6 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Informal STEM Education 13.5 14.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 

 Science Museums and Planetarium 

 Grants 7.8 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 NASA Visitor Centers 5.8 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 NASA Informal Education 

 Opportunities 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 

 

Cross-Agency Support 3,251.4 3,356.4 3,400.6 3,468.4 3,525.7 3,561.4 3,621.4 

 

Center Management and Operations 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9 

Center Management and Operations 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9 

 Center Institutional Capabilities 1,555.6 1,579.0 1,608.6 1,626.1 1,631.7 1,637.2 1,644.5 

 Center Programmatic Capabilities 456.1 445.0 475.4 493.1 510.8 528.9 545.4 

Agency Management and Operations 834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5 

Agency Management 353.8 390.0 412.7 417.4 422.0 426.6 431.3 

 Agency Management 353.8 390.0 412.7 417.4 422.0 426.6 431.3 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

viii

Budget Authority, $ in million

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Safety and Mission Success 171.5 179.1 183.9 186.1 188.6 190.9 193.0 

 Safety and Mission Assurance 43.9 42.9 48.3 48.8 49.3 49.7 50.4 

 Chief Engineer 94.8 87.0 102.2 103.6 105.3 106.8 107.0 

 Chief Health and Medical Officer 2.3 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 

 Independent Verification and 

Validation 30.5 45.0 29.7 30.0 30.3 30.6 31.9 

Agency IT Services 134.9 163.9 150.4 138.3 138.0 138.3 139.7 

 IT Management 17.3 17.3 31.9 25.8 25.1 24.0 23.0 

 Applications 68.3 67.2 70.2 66.1 66.7 67.1 68.8 

 Infrastructure 49.3 79.4 48.3 46.4 46.2 47.2 47.9 

Innovative Partnerships Program 146.8 160.2 184.8 184.9 185.7 186.3 187.0 

 Technology Infusion 6.7 9.1 13.5 13.1 13.5 13.7 14.0 

 Small Business Innovative Research 86.9 113.4 124.1 124.1 124.1 124.1 124.1 

 Small Business Technology Transfer 

 Research 13.2 13.6 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 

 Innovation Incubator 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 

 Future Centennial Challenges 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 

 Partnership Development 39.9 24.1 23.8 20.2 19.9 19.7 21.3 

 Innovative Technology 0.0 0.0 2.8 6.8 7.5 8.1 7.0 

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program 27.2 28.0 29.4 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.5 

 Simulators 10.9 11.5 11.7 12.1 12.1 12.1 11.9 

 Thermal Vacuum Chambers 7.7 7.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.7 

 Arc Jets 8.6 9.3 9.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9 

Institutional Investments 325.5 343.7 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0 

Institutional Construction of Facilities 249.0 268.9 284.2 326.0 367.4 371.6 397.4 

 Institutional Construction Of Facilities 249.0 268.9 284.2 326.0 367.4 371.6 397.4 

Environmental Compliance and 

Restoration 76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 52.6 

 Environmental Compliance and 

 Restoration 76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 52.6 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

President’s FY 2010 Budget Request Detail 

ix

Budget Authority, $ in million 

By Appropriation Account 

 By Theme FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009** 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 

Inspector General 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6 

 

Inspector General 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6 

IG Program 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6 

 Inspector General 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6 

 

NASA FY 2010 17,401.9 18,784.4 18,686.0 18,631.0 18,613.0 18,607.0 18,858.0 

** FY 2009 enacted column contains Recovery Act funding of $400M for Science, $150M for Aeronautics, $400M 

for Exploration, $50M for Cross Agency Support and $2M for Inspector General. 
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

x
Table of Contents 

TOC-1 

Agency Summary 

FY 2010 Budget Request Summary Table of Contents SUM-1 

 

Science 

Science Overview ....................................................................................................... SCI-1 

 Earth Science .......................................................................................................... SCI-7 

 Earth Science Research, SCI-15 

 Earth Systematic Missions, SCI-23

 Glory Mission [Development], SCI-35

 NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) [Development], SCI-40

 Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) [Formulation], SCI-46

 Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) [Formulation], SCI-51

 Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat II) [Formulation], SCI-55

 Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) [Formulation], SCI-57

 Earth System Science Pathfinder, SCI-61 

 Aquarius [Development], SCI-66

 Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations, SCI-71 

 Earth Science Technology, SCI-77

 Applied Science, SCI-81

 Planetary Science ................................................................................................... SCI-85 

 Planetary Science Research, SCI-93 

 Lunar Quest, SCI-99 

 Discovery, SCI-105 

 Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) [Development], SCI-113

 New Frontiers, SCI-117 

 Juno [Development], SCI-122

 Mars Exploration, SCI-129 

 2009 Mars Science Lab (MSL) [Development], SCI-136

 Mars Atmosphere & Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), [Formulation], SCI-142

 Outer Planets, SCI-145 

 Technology, SCI-149 

 Astrophysics .......................................................................................................... SCI-153 

 Astrophysics Research, SCI-161 

 Cosmic Origins, SCI-167

 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) [Development], SCI-172

 Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) [Development], SCI-179

 Physics of the Cosmos, SCI-185

 Exoplanet Exploration, SCI-189 

 Astrophysics Explorer, SCI-193

 Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) [Development], SCI-199

 Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuStar) [Formulation], SCI-203
Table of Contents 

TOC-2 

 Heliophysics ........................................................................................................... SCI-207 

 Heliophysics Research, SCI-215 

 Living with a Star, SCI-223 

 Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) [Development], SCI-229

 Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) [Development], SCI-235

 Solar Probe Plus [Formulation], SCI-240 

 Solar Terrestrial Probes, SCI-243 

 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) [Formulation], SCI-246 

 Heliophysics Explorer, SCI-251 

 New Millennium, SCI-259 

 

Aeronautics 

Aeronautics Research Overview .............................................................................. AERO-1 

 Aviation Safety, AERO-9 

 Airspace Systems, AERO-17 

 Fundamental Aeronautics, AERO-23 

 Aeronautics Test, AERO-33 

 Integrated Systems Research, AERO-39 

 

Exploration 

Exploration Systems Overview ................................................................................. EXP-1 

 Constellation Systems Theme ............................................................................... EXP-3 

 Constellation Systems, EXP-7 

 Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle [Formulation], EXP-11 

 Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle [Formulation], EXP-13 

 Commercial Crew and Cargo, EXP-17 

 Advanced Capabilities Theme .............................................................................. EXP-21 

 Human Research, EXP-25 

 Exploration Technology Development, EXP-29 

 Lunar Precursor Robotic, EXP-33 

Space Operations 

Space Operations Overview ...................................................................................... SPA-1 

 Space Shuttle Theme .............................................................................................. SPA-5 

 Space Shuttle, SPA-9

 International Space Station Theme ....................................................................... SPA-15 

 International Space Station, SPA-19 

 Space and Flight Support Theme .......................................................................... SPA-23 

 Space Communications and Navigation, SPA-29 

 TDRS Replenishment [Formulation], SPA-37 

 Human Space Flight Operations (HSFO), SPA-41 

 Launch Services, SPA-43 

 Rocket Propulsion Testing, SPA-49 

 Crew Health and Safety, SPA-53 
Table of Contents 

TOC-3 

Education 

Education Overview ................................................................................................... EDU-1 

 Higher Ed. STEM Education, EDU-11 

 K-12 STEM Education, EDU-19 

 Informal STEM Education, EDU-25 

 

Cross-Agency Support 

Cross-Agency Support Overview ............................................................................. CROSS-1 

 Center Management and Operations ..................................................................... CROSS-7 

 Center Management and Operations, CROSS-11 

 Agency Management and Operations .................................................................. CROSS-15 

 Agency Management, CROSS-19 

 Safety and Mission Success, CROSS-25 

 Agency Information Technology Services (AITS), CROSS-31 

 Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP), CROSS-35 

 Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP), CROSS-47 

 Institutional Investments ....................................................................................... CROSS-51 

 Institutional Construction of Facilities, CROSS-55 

 Environmental Compliance and Restoration (ECR), CROSS-71 

 

Inspector General 

Inspector General Overview ...................................................................................... IG-1

 

Supporting Data ............................................................................................................... SUP-1 

 Funds Distribution by Installation, SUP-2 

 Civil Service Full-Time Equivalent Distribution by Center, SUP-4 

 Budget for FY 2010 by Object Class Code, SUP-5 

 Status of Unobligated Funds, SUP-6 

 Reimbursable Estimates, SUP-7 

 Enhanced Use Leasing, SUP-8 

 Budget for Microgravity Science, SUP-9 

 Budget for Safety Oversight, SUP-10 

 Budget for Public Relations, SUP-11 

 Consulting Services, SUP-12 

 E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits, SUP-13 

Management and Performance ....................................................................................... MAN-1 

Major Program Annual Reports (MPAR) Summary .................................................. MAN-3 

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update ............................................................................ MAN-5 

FY 2010 Performance Plan ......................................................................................... MAN-24 

Proposed Appropriation Language ................................................................................ APP-1 

 

Reference 

Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... REF-1 
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

TOC-4
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-1 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 

FY 2010 Budget Request Summary 

Message from the Administrator 2 

FY 2010 Budget Summary 3 

Science 5 

Aeronautics 8 

Exploration 10 

Space Operations 12 

Education 14 

Cross-Agency Support 15 

Inspector General 17
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-2 

Message from the Administrator 

Today, I am pleased to release NASA’s FY2010 budget request in the amount of $18.686 billion 

to advance Earth science, complete the International Space Station, explore the solar system 

and conduct aeronautics research. The budget request represents an increase of $903.6 

million, about 5 percent, above the amount provided NASA in the FY 2009 Omnibus 

Appropriations Act. 

The FY 2010 budget does a number of things: it supports the Administration’s commitment to 

deploy a global climate change research and monitoring system; it funds a strong program of 

space exploration involving humans and robots with the goal of returning Americans to the 

moon and exploring other destinations; and it supports the safe flight of the Space Shuttle to 

complete assembly of the International Space Station by the Space Shuttle's planned 

retirement. 

With the FY 2010 budget request, we will advance our global climate change research. NASA's 

investment in Earth science research satellites, airborne sensors, computer models and 

analysis already has revolutionized scientific knowledge and predictions of climate change and 

its effects. Using the National Research Council’s recommended priorities for space-based 

Earth science research, we will develop new sensors to support the Administration’s goal of 

deploying a global climate research and monitoring system. 

The budget request also renews NASA’s commitment to aeronautics research to address 

aviation safety, air traffic control, noise and emissions reduction, and fuel efficiency. And 

NASA’s diverse portfolio of science, technology, engineering and mathematics educational 

activities is aligned with the administration’s goal of improving American innovation and global 

competitiveness. 

Along with the budget release, the White House also announced the launch of an independent 

review of NASA's human space flight activities. The Review of United States Human Space 

Flight Plans will examine our development programs and suggest possible alternatives. The 

goal is to provide options that will ensure the nation’s human space flight program remains safe, 

innovative and affordable in the years following the space shuttle's retirement. During the 

review, work on the Constellation Program will continue. 

The review team will work closely with NASA and seek input from the Congress, the White 

House, the public, industry and international partners as it develops these options. The review 

will be done by a blue-ribbon panel of experts. The panel's results will support an administration 

decision by August 2009 on how to proceed. 

As we move forward into the future, I'm confident that with your expertise and hard work, NASA 

will continue its record of amazing accomplishments in exploration and research. The 

President’s FY 2010 request represents a major investment in this future. 

 Christopher J. Scolese 

Acting Administrator 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-3 

FY 2010 Budget Overview 

NASA’s astronauts and robotic spacecraft have been exploring our solar system and the 

universe for more than 50 years. NASA’s FY 2010 request funds a robust program to continue 

our missions of space exploration and aeronautics research. NASA’s FY 2010 budget request, 

at $18.686 billion, represents an increase of $903.6 million above the amount provided for 

NASA in the FY 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 110-8), a 5% increase. 

NASA’s FY 2010 budget request supports the Administration’s commitment to deploy a global 

climate change research and monitoring system, funds a robust program of space exploration 

involving humans and robots with a goal to return Americans to the Moon and explore other 

destinations, and funds the safe flight of the Shuttle to complete assembly of the ISS through its 

retirement at the end of 2010. The FY 2010 budget request funds continued use of the ISS to 

enable the Agency to develop, test, and validate critical exploration technologies and processes 

and, in coordination with our international partners, to make the ISS available support other 

government entities, commercial industry and academic institutions to conduct unique research 

in the microgravity environment of space. It will also stimulate private sector development and 

demonstration of vehicles that may support NASA’s cargo and crew requirements. And it 

renews NASA’s commitment to aeronautics research to address aviation safety, air traffic 

control, noise and emissions reduction, and fuel efficiency. NASA’s diverse portfolio of science, 

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) educational activities is also aligned with the 

Administration’s goal of improving American innovation and global competitiveness. 

The Agency will create a new chapter of our legacy as we embark on a renewed program of 

human exploration to the Moon and other destinations beyond low Earth orbit. In the summer of 

2009, NASA will participate in a review of planned U.S. human space flight activities with the 

goal of ensuring that the nation is on a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest 

aspirations in space. The review will examine ongoing Exploration activities as well as 

alternatives to ensure the Nation is pursuing the best technical solution for future human 

spaceflight – one that is safe, innovative, and affordable. NASA also will send a broad suite of 

robotic missions to destinations throughout the solar system and develop a bold new set of 

astronomical observatories to probe the mysteries of the universe, increasing investment in 

research, data analysis, and technology development in support of these goals. 

With the FY 2010 budget request, NASA advances global climate change research. The NASA 

investment in Earth science research satellites, airborne sensors, computer models and 

analysis has revolutionized scientific knowledge and predictions of climate change and its 

effects. Using the National Research Council’s recommended priorities for space-based Earth 

science research as its guide, NASA will develop new space-based research sensors in support 

of the Administration’s goal to deploy a global climate research and monitoring system. NASA 

will deploy these new sensors expeditiously while coordinating with other Federal agencies to 

ensure continuity of measurements that have long-term research and applications benefits. 

With the FY 2010 request, NASA will complete the International Space Station (ISS) and 

advance the development of new space transportation systems and the unique scientific 

research that can be conducted onboard the ISS. NASA will fly the Space Shuttle to complete 

the ISS and then retire the Shuttle. NASA is committed to completing the nine remaining 

scheduled shuttle flights, which we believe can be accomplished by the end of 2010. . Funds 

freed from the Shuttle’s retirement will enable the Agency to support development of systems to 

deliver people and cargo to the ISS and the Moon and explore other destinations. As part of 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-4 

this effort, NASA will stimulate private-sector development and demonstration of vehicles to 

support the Agency’s human crew and cargo space flight requirements. In addition, the Agency 

will continue to utilize the ISS, the permanently crewed facility orbiting Earth that enables the 

Agency to develop, test, and validate critical space exploration technologies and processes, and 

to conduct microgravity research. NASA also will continue to coordinate with international 

partners to make this platform available for other government entities, commercial industry, and 

academic institutions to conduct research. 

The FY 2010 budget request renews NASA’s commitment to a strong national program of 

aeronautics research and technology that contributes to the economic well-being and quality of 

life of American citizens. NASA will renew its commitment to cutting-edge, fundamental 

research in traditional and emerging disciplines to help transform the Nation’s air transportation 

system and to support future aircraft. NASA research will increase airspace capacity and 

mobility, enhance aviation safety, and improve aircraft performance while reducing noise, 

emissions, and fuel consumption. 

Finally, consistent with Administration priorities, NASA is developing plans to stimulate 

innovation and increase investments in technologies for the future while ensuring nearer-term 

Agency commitments are met. 

Budget Authority ($M)

FY 2008 FY 2009 Recovery 

Act

FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Science 4,733.2 4,503.0 400.0 4,477.2 4,747.4 4,890.9 5,069.0 5,185.4

Earth Science 1,237.4 1,379.6 325.0 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0

Planetary Science 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2

Astrophysics 1,395.6 1,206.2 75.0 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6

Heliophysics 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6

Aeronautics 511.4 500.0 150.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

Exploration 3,299.4 3,505.5 400.0 3963.1* 6076.6* 6028.5* 5966.5* 6195.3*

Constellation Systems 2,675.9 3,033.1 400.0 3,505.4 5,543.3 5,472.0 5,407.6 5,602.6

Advanced Capabilities 623.5 472.3 457.7 533.3 556.5 558.9 592.7

Space Operations 5,427.2 5,764.7 0.0 6,175.6 3,663.8 3,485.3 3,318.6 3,154.8

Space Shuttle 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0

International Space Station 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

Space and Flight Support (SFS) 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9

Education 146.8 169.2 0.0 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

Cross-Agency Support 3,251.4 3,306.4 50.0 3,400.6 3,468.4 3,525.7 3,561.4 3,621.4

Center Management and Operations 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

Agency Management and Operations 834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5

Institutional Investments 325.5 293.7 50.0 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0

Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inspector General 32.6 33.6 2.0 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6

NASA FY 2010 17,401.9 17,782.4 1,002.0 18,686.0 18,631.0 18,613.0 18,607.0 18,858.0

 Year to Year Change 2.2% 5.1% -0.3% -0.1% 0.0% 1.3%

 *Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for Exploration activities

 reflecting the review's results. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-5 

Science 

NASA’s Science Mission Directorate continues to expand humanity’s understanding of our 

Earth, our Sun, the solar system and the universe with 57 science missions in operation and 32 

more in formulation or development. The Science budget funds these missions as well as the 

research of over 3,000 scientists and their students across the nation. NASA’s request and 

plans for FY 2010 – FY 2013 increases funding for Science by $762 million over the FY 2009 

request. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 4,733.2 4,903.0 4,477.2 4,747.4 4,890.9 5,069.0 5,185.4

 Earth Science 1,237.4 1,704.6 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0

 Planetary Science 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2

 Astrophysics 1,395.6 1,281.2 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6

 Heliophysics 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 4,706.2 4,441.5 4,482.0 4,534.9 4,643.4 4,761.6 -

 Earth Science 1,280.3 1,367.5 1,350.7 1,250.9 1,264.4 1,290.3 -

 Planetary Science 1,247.5 1,334.2 1,410.1 1,537.5 1,570.0 1,608.7 -

 Astrophysics 1,337.5 1,162.5 1,122.4 1,057.1 1,067.7 1,116.0 -

 Heliophysics 840.9 577.3 598.9 689.4 741.2 746.6 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 27.0 461.5 -4.8 212.5 247.5 307.4

Reflecting the Administration’s commitment to global climate change research, NASA has 

increased the Earth Science budget for FY 2010 – FY 2013 by $0.9 billion. Including the 

additional resources provided in the FY 2009 appropriation and the Recovery Act, NASA’s Earth 

Science programs will have been increased by almost $1.2 billion over 5 years, a 19 per cent 

increase. NASA’s 15 Earth Science missions in operation provide a large part of the global 

observations used for climate change research in the United States and elsewhere. This year, 

NASA’s Earth Science satellites enabled research to understand how changes both in the 

tropics and in the Arctic sea ice are changing ocean biology globally. NASA also recently 

conducted the first Ice Bridge aircraft campaign to demonstrate a new airborne laser capability 

to bridge the gap in time between ICESats I and II. In FY 2010, NASA plans to launch the Glory 

mission to map atmospheric aerosols and continue the long record of solar influences on 

climate, and the Aquarius mission to provide the first global measurements of sea surface 

salinity. NASA will complete development of the NPOESS Preparatory Project and continue 

development of the Global Precipitation Mission and the Landsat Data Continuity Mission 

(LDCM), and initiate work on development of a Thermal Infra-Red Sensor (TIRS). The launch 

vehicle failure of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) was a significant loss to the climate 

science communities, and NASA is assessing options to recover from that loss. NASA is 

continuing to work aggressively to implement the recommendations of the National Research 

Council Decadal Survey for Earth Science. The first two new missions the Decadal Survey 

recommended, SMAP and ICESat-II, will continue formulation in FY2010, with launches expected

in late 2013/early 2014 and late 2014/early 2015 respectively. The next two, DESDynI and CLARREO, 

will be accelerated and transition to formulation. NASA also expects to issue its first Venture-class 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-6 

Announcement of Opportunity later this year, implementing another decadal survey 

recommendation. 

NASA’s Planetary Science missions continue to return images and data from the far reaches of 

the Solar System. This year, the Mars Phoenix Lander completed its mission, conducting the 

first chemical test providing evidence of water ice on another planet. MESSENGER returned 

stunning imagery of portions of the planet Mercury never before seen. The Cassini spacecraft 

continues to provide un-paralleled science of the Saturnian system; the spacecraft flew within 

25km of Enceladus viewing the ejecting plumes and surface, and data from 19 fly-bys of Titan 

enabled creation of a radar map showing 3-D topography revealing 1,200-meter (4,000-foot) 

mountain tops, polar lakes, vast dunes, and thick flows from possible ice volcanoes. 

Development is continuing on the Juno mission to Jupiter for launch in 2011. NASA and ESA 

jointly announced they will work together on a Europa Jupiter System mission concept as the 

next outer planets flagship effort. The MER rovers continue to study the Martian surface and 

have exceeded their fifth year of successful operations. NASA is continuing development of the 

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) for launch in 2011 and selected MAVEN, a Mars aeronomy 

mission, as the next Mars Scout mission for launch in 2013. NASA has integrated its lunar 

science research program with the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program into a single Lunar Quest 

Program under the Science Mission Directorate, which includes lunar science missions and a 

new virtual university research collaboration called the NASA Lunar Science Institute. The 

Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) was launched aboard Chandrayaan-1 and has begun making 

scientific observations of the Moon’s composition. Development is continuing on the GRAIL 

mission to map the Moon’s gravity field for launch in 2011. This year, NASA is releasing 

Announcements of Opportunity for both the next New Frontiers and Discovery missions. 

NASA’s request for Planetary Science is $1.3 billion for FY 2010. 

2009 is the International Year of Astronomy, and NASA's Astrophysics program will deploy 

exciting new capabilities for studying the cosmic frontier. The Kepler mission, launched in 

March, is NASA's first mission dedicated to the search for Earth-like planets in our galaxy. ESA 

will launch the Herschel and Planck missions in May, carrying several NASA instruments, to 

study the far-infrared sky and the cosmic microwave background. The final Hubble Space 

Telescope serving mission aboard STS-125, scheduled for launch May 12, will upgrade the 

observatory to its peak scientific performance. In November, NASA plans to launch the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) as part of its highly successful Explorer Program, 

following on the recent successes of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (launched as 

GLAST in July 2008), which has provided the best-ever view of the gamma-ray sky revealing 

energetic sources in our solar system, our galaxy, and galaxies billions of light-years away. 

Development is continuing on the James Webb Space Telescope, which passed its 

Confirmation Review in 2008 and has an Agency commitment to launch in 2014. Development 

continues on the NuSTAR mission to study black holes for launch in 2011, along with a Soft Xray Spectrometer to fly on Japan’s Astro-H mission in 2013. Development continues on the 

airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy or SOFIA, which will conduct open 

door flight tests in 2009 and early science flights in 2010, with planned full operational capability 

in 2014. Formulation is continuing for ambitious future mission concepts to investigate the 

origins of planets, stars, and galaxies; to search for Earth-like planets around nearby stars; and 

to examine the nature of dark energy, dark matter, gravity waves, and black holes. These and 

other mission concepts are currently under consideration by the NRC’s decadal survey for 

Astrophysics, or Astro2010, which will be completed during 2010, and will provide 

recommendations to NASA on the science community’s highest priority science questions and 

strategic missions for the next decade. NASA’s request for Astrophysics is $1.1 billion for FY 

2010. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-7 

The fleet of NASA Heliophysics missions strategically placed throughout the solar system is 

providing researchers the first ever solar system-wide view of solar influences on the Earth and 

other planets, and the dynamic structures of space itself. This virtual “Great Observatory” is in 

place and functioning for the next solar magnetic activity cycle, and has already detected the 

first signs of a new solar maximum anticipated for 2011-2012. By early next year, the launch of 

Solar Dynamics Observatory will add to this fleet the capability to observe the solar atmosphere 

to a depth of one-third of the Sun’s radius to study the flow of plasmas that generate magnetic 

fields and the sudden changes that produce coronal mass ejections that we experience as 

space weather. Also this year, NASA plans to select two Small Explorer (SMEX) missions in 

response to an Announcement of Opportunity issued in 2008, which could be either 

Heliophysics or Astrophysics missions depending on the proposals selected. Development of 

the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission to study the interactions of space weather events with 

Earth’s magnetic field is continuing for launch in 2012, as well as the Magnetosphere MultiScale mission to observe the processes of magnetic reconnection, energetic particle 

acceleration, and turbulence in Earth’s magnetosphere for launch in 2014. Finally, NASA is 

continuing early formulation work on the Solar Probe-Plus mission that will travel into, and 

sample, the near-Sun environment to probe the origins of the solar wind. NASA’s request for 

Heliophysics is $0.6 billion in FY 2010. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-8 

Aeronautics 

Over the past year, NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate has continued to pursue 

long-term, innovative, and cutting-edge research that develops revolutionary tools, concepts, 

and technologies to enable a safer, more flexible, environmentally friendly, and more efficient 

national air transportation system. NASA Aeronautics Research also plays a vital role in 

supporting NASA’s human and robotic re-entry vehicle research. NASA’s request for 

Aeronautics is $507 million in FY 2010, with an increase of $247 million for FY 2010 – FY 2013. 

Including the additional resources provide in the FY 2009 appropriation and the Recovery Act, 

NASA’s Aeronautics programs will have been increased by $450 million over 5 years, a 20% 

increase. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

 Aeronautics 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 511.7 446.5 447.5 452.4 456.7 467.7 -

 Aeronautics 446.5 447.5 452.4 456.7 467.7 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request -0.3 203.5 59.5 61.6 64.3 61.3

A primary goal across Aeronautics Research programs is to establish strong partnerships with 

industry, academia, and other government agencies in order to enable significant advancement 

in our Nation’s aeronautical expertise. NASA has put many mechanisms in place to engage 

academia and industry, including industry working groups and technical interchange meetings at 

the program and project level, Space Act Agreements (SAAs) for cooperative partnerships, and 

the NASA Research Announcement (NRA) process that provides for full and open competition 

for the best and most promising research ideas. To date, 68 SAAs have been established with 

industry partners across all programs and 375 NRAs have been awarded to academia, industry 

and non-profit organizations. NASA Aeronautics has continued to collaborate with the Joint 

Planning Development Office (JPDO), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S. Air Force, 

Army, and other government organizations. 

NASA’s Airspace Systems Program has partnered with the JPDO to help develop concepts, 

capabilities and technologies that will lead to significant enhancements in the capacity, 

efficiency and flexibility of the National Airspace System. A notable accomplishment is the 

successful completion, by NASA researchers in collaboration with academia and the FAA, of a 

series of human-in-the-loop experiments that explored advanced concepts and technology for 

separation assurance, which ensures that aircraft maintain a safe distance from other aircraft, 

terrain, obstacles, and certain airspace not designated for routine air travel. The technology 

being developed by NASA and its partners is critical to relieving air-traffic controller workload, a 

primary constraint on airspace capacity that is expected to increase in coming years. In the 

future, this Program will continue to develop new technologies to solve important problems such 

as surface traffic planning and control, and initial algorithms for airport arrival and departure 

balancing as well as developing traffic flow management concepts for increased efficiencies at 

the regional and national levels for different planning intervals. 

NASA’s Fundamental Aeronautics Program conducts research in all aeronautics disciplines that 

enable the design of vehicles that fly through any atmosphere at any speed. The program has 

supported the testing of various new concepts that will help enable much improved capabilities 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-9 

for future vehicles. For example, wind-tunnel testing was conducted for several promising 

powered lift concepts. Powered lift concepts increase lifting force on an aircraft at slow speeds 

(e.g., at take-off and landing) without increasing drag under cruise conditions. Successful use 

of the concepts will enable short take-off and landings on runways less than 3000 feet, which 

will increase next-generation air transportation system capacity through the use of shorter fields 

and improved low-speed maneuverability in airport terminal areas. Testing was also completed 

for a Smart Material Actuated Rotor Technology (SMART) helicopter rotor, which offers the 

potential for significant noise and vibration reduction in rotorcraft. Future work includes 

technologies and advanced tools to evaluate the trades between noise, emissions, and 

performance of future aircraft entering service in the 2012-2015 timeframe. 

NASA’s Aviation Safety Program continues to develop tools and technologies to improve on 

today’s incredibly safe air transportation system, while ensuring that future technologies can be 

safely incorporated to the system. Examples of advances that support this development include 

NASA’s ongoing and new research into aircraft icing. For example, with current knowledge we 

cannot extrapolate how ice forms on a straight wing such as found on a turbo-prop to how it will 

form on a swept wing, or a radically new aircraft configuration. The Aviation Safety Program is 

tackling this with a combination of computational models and experiments in NASA’s Icing 

Research Tunnel. We are establishing that, in high and cold flight conditions, ice can form 

deeper in jet engines than previously understood. NASA is working collaboratively with the 

FAA, industry and international partners, such as the National Research Council of Canada, to 

conduct tunnel tests of the underlying physics, to fly our instrumented S-3 Viking into such 

engine icing conditions, and design upgrades to our Propulsion System Lab in which jet engines 

may be tested in detail. Additional future work in Aviation Safety includes addressing gaps in 

validation and verification of critical flight software, developing new data-analysis capabilities to 

mine aviation operational data for safety issues, examining the safety of new vehicle systems 

and structures, and tackling the biggest human factors issues in the NextGen flightdeck. 

NASA’s Aeronautics Test Program (ATP) is focused on ensuring a healthy suite of facilities and 

platforms to meet the nation’s testing needs including the development of new test 

instrumentation and test technologies. As part of its continuous efforts to improve facility 

operational efficiencies, ATP initiated the National Force Measurement Technology Capability, 

to address the severe erosion of NASA’s capability to utilize strain gage balances in wind tunnel 

testing. The National Partnership for Aeronautics Testing, a strategic partnership between 

NASA and the Department of Defense (DOD), recently commissioned a study of governmentowned, mid-to-large supersonic facilities necessary to fulfill future air vehicle test requirements. 

The Program will continue to develop a long-term strategic approach that aligns the NASA and 

DOD facilities to meet future requirements with the right mix of facilities and appropriate 

investments in facility capabilities. 

NASA’s Integrated Systems Research Program (ISRP), a new program effort beginning in 

FY10, has been organized to support the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project, 

a “green aircraft initiative,” that will conduct system research and experiments of promising 

vehicle concepts and technologies that will simultaneously reduce fuel burn, noise and 

emissions. The environmental impacts of noise and emissions are a growing concern and could 

limit the ability of NextGen to meet the projected growth in demand for air transportation. The 

integrated system-level research in this program will be coordinated with on-going long-term, 

foundational research within the three other research programs, and will focus specifically on 

maturing and integrating technologies in major vehicle systems and subsystems for accelerated 

transition to practical application. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-10 

Exploration 

Human space flight is important to America’s political, economic, technological and scientific 

leadership. In the span of a few short years, NASA has taken long strides to formulate 

strategies and programs key to developing a robust program of space exploration. These 

critical steps will allow our Nation to build the next-generation spaceflight vehicles that will 

deliver humans and cargo to the ISS and the Moon, then on to other destinations in our solar 

system. NASA’s FY 2010 budget advances the development of these systems with a $4.0 

billion request for Exploration in FY 2010, which is an increase of five percent from the previous 

plan for FY 2010. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010* FY 2011* FY 2012* FY 2013* FY 2014*

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 3,299.4 3,905.5 3,963.1 6,076.6 6,028.5 5,966.5 6,195.3

 Constellation Systems 2,675.9 3,433.2 3,505.4 5,543.3 5,472.0 5,407.6 5,602.6

 Advanced Capabilities 623.5 472.3 457.7 533.3 556.5 558.9 592.7

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 3,143.1 3,500.5 3,737.7 7,048.2 7,116.8 7,666.8 -

 Constellation Systems 2,471.9 3,048.2 3,252.8 6,479.5 6,521.4 7,080.5 -

 Advanced Capabilities 671.1 452.3 484.9 568.7 595.5 586.3 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 156.3 405.0 225.4 -971.6 -1,088.3 -1,700.3

 *Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for 

 Exploration activities reflecting the review's results. 

In the summer of 2009 NASA will review ongoing Exploration activities as well as alternatives to 

ensure the Nation is pursuing the best technical solution for future human spaceflight – one that 

is safe, innovative, and affordable. The review will develop suitable options for U.S. human 

space flight activities beyond retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2010, leading to a plan that will 

be presented to Congress regarding the core transportation elements and related aspects of a 

U.S.-led human space flight architecture that would support both crew transportation and rescue 

missions to the International Space Station and missions to the Moon and other destinations 

beyond low Earth orbit. 

The review will be led by an independent, blue-ribbon team of experts, drawing extensively on 

resources and personnel from NASA. The review will consider architectures that are capable of 

supporting the two broad mission areas described above and incorporate both government 

and/or commercial elements. It will examine the appropriate amount of R&D and 

complementary robotic activities necessary to make human space flight activities affordable and 

productive over the long term, as well as appropriate opportunities for international participation. 

It will also evaluate what capabilities would be enabled by the potential architectures under 

consideration and will assess the implications of operating the International Space Station past 

2016. The detailed FY 2010 and outyear funding levels for individual exploration activities 

presented in this document are placeholders. Following conclusion of the review, the 

Administration will provide an updated request for exploration that reflects the outcome of the 

review. 

The Constellation Program is working to complete the formulation phase of its projects – in 

particular Ares I, Orion, and major ground facilities. Development work is underway, contracts 

are in place, and civil servants and contractors are working hard to accomplish Constellation 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-11 

Program objectives. The Ares I-X test flight, planned for 2009, will lay the groundwork for 

maturing the Ares I final design prior to its Critical Design Review (CDR). When launched later 

this year from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Ares I-X will climb about 25 miles 

in a two-minute powered test of first stage performance, as well as the separation and 

parachute recovery system. Work on the Orion project also continues to advance. Later this 

year, Orion’s PA-1 test will take place at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. PA-1 will 

demonstrate the Launch Abort System’s ability to carry crew to safety should there be an 

emergency while the Orion and Ares I stack is on the launch pad. 

As part of the Commercial Crew and Cargo Program and its associated Commercial Orbital 

Transportation Services (COTS) projects, NASA is investing in two funded COTS partners, 

Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) of El Segundo, California, and Orbital 

Sciences Corporation of Dulles, Virginia. Recently, SpaceX successfully operated the full 

complement of the first stage engines of the Falcon 9, the SpaceX launch vehicle. Orbital 

continues to progress in achieving engineering milestones, and will enter PDR in May. In 

addition, NASA has two non-funded COTS partners. In FY 2009, an additional $150 million in 

Recovery Act funds has been committed to begin the development of commercial crew launch 

capabilities. 

The transition of NASA facilities, infrastructure, property, processes and personnel from the 

Space Shuttle Program to the Constellation Program continues to be a major activity. This joint 

effort between the Space Operations and Exploration Systems Mission Directorates is focused 

on leveraging existing Shuttle and Space Station assets for NASA’s future Exploration activities. 

 

NASA’s Advanced Capabilities activity in the Human Research Program (HRP) and the 

Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) continues to reduce risk for human 

explorers of the Moon and beyond by conducting research and developing new technologies 

to aid future explorers. The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program will launch the Lunar 

Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing Satellite 

(LCROSS). LRO will map and image the lunar surface and LCROSS will attempt to identify 

water in a permanently shadowed crater. 

 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-12 

Space Operations 

The President’s FY 2010 budget funds the safe flight of the Space Shuttle to complete the ISS, 

and then retire the Shuttle. NASA is committed to completing the nine remaining scheduled 

shuttle flights, which we believe can be accomplished by the end of 2010. NASA’s request for 

Space Operations is $6.2 billion in FY 2010, an increase of $0.4 billion from FY 2009 enacted. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 5,427.2 5,764.7 6,175.6 3,663.8 3,485.3 3,318.6 3,154.8

 Space Shuttle 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8

 International Space Station 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

 Space and Flight Support (SFS) 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 5,526.2 5,774.7 5,872.8 2,900.1 3,089.9 2,788.5 -

 Space Shuttle 3,266.7 2,981.7 2,983.7 95.7 -

 International Space Station 1,813.2 2,060.2 2,277.0 2,176.4 2,448.2 2,143.1 -

 Space and Flight Support (SFS) 446.3 732.8 612.1 628.0 641.7 645.4 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request -99.0 -10.0 302.8 763.7 395.4 530.1

NASA and its Russian, Japanese, European, and Canadian ISS partners are working together 

to realize one of the most inspiring dreams of the last 50 years: the establishment of a station in 

Earth orbit for the conduct of various types of research. The recent delivery of the Station’s final 

set of solar arrays and other equipment by the crew of STS-119 represents a key step toward 

this goal. Two significant milestones are now approaching. In May, the ISS will host its first sixperson crew. In June, the STS-127 mission will deliver the third and final component of the 

Japanese Kibo laboratory. The addition of Kibo’s Exposed Facility will join the European 

Columbus module and the U.S. Destiny module to complete the three major international 

science labs on ISS, setting the stage for utilization of ISS as a highly capable microgravity 

research facility. 

The ISS is an unparalleled international cooperative effort and provides a U.S. National 

Laboratory in orbit. Scientists will be able to conduct biomedical and engineering research from 

a unique vantage point. Some of the work will increase our knowledge of the effects of longduration human space flight, which is critical for the design and operation of future human space 

vehicles, including those being developed under the Constellation Program to return U.S. 

astronauts to the Moon and explore other destinations. Other research will not be focused on 

space exploration, but may have significant applications right here on Earth. Medical research, 

for example, may be applicable to the development of vaccines; NASA’s research aboard the 

Space Shuttle and ISS into salmonella has already increased our knowledge in this area. In the 

key areas of energy and the environment, the ISS serves as a daily demonstration of “green” 

technologies and environmental management techniques. The ISS receives 120kW of power 

from its solar arrays to operate the Station and run experiments. The ISS environmental system 

is designed to minimize the amount of mass that has to be launched from Earth to support the 

Station, so recycling is a must. STS-119 supplied ISS with a replacement Distillation Assembly 

for Station’s water recycling system, which is key for supporting a full six-person crew for 

extended periods of time. Given the central role science and technology play in our society, it is 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-13 

important that the United States maintain a leadership role in these fields. The availability of a 

research laboratory in the microgravity environment of space will support this aim. 

NASA is relying on U.S. industry to develop vehicles to deliver supplies and experiments to the 

ISS. In December 2008, the Agency awarded two Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) 

contracts for the provision of this critical capability. Cargo resupply is important for the 

continued viability and utilization of ISS. In addition, the vendors involved will gain valuable 

experience in the development and operation of vehicles that can (1) fly to the ISS orbit; (2) 

operate in close proximity to the ISS and other docked vehicles; (3) dock to ISS; and, (4) remain 

docked for extended periods of time. 

Another important benefit from Space Shuttle missions and ISS research are ultimately reflected 

in the programs’ ability to inspire the next generation of Americans. This was reflected recently 

in the delighted faces of students who participated in the uplinked phone call between President 

Obama and the crews of the ISS and STS-119 on March 24. The ISS will support the 

President’s goal of making math and science education a national priority by demonstrating 

what can be accomplished through science and engineering, and by inspiring both teachers and 

students. 

Space Communications provides the enabling communications services to NASA's human and 

robotic flight missions and addresses future sustainment/upgrade requirements for all the 

Agency's communications networks. Launch Services provides safe, reliable, cost-effective, 

and on-time launch services for NASA and NASA-sponsored payloads using expendable launch 

vehicles. The Rocket Propulsion Test Program reviews, approves and provides direction on 

rocket propulsion test assignments. Crew Health and Safety provides support to the provision of 

medical care for the Astronaut Corps and the Human Space Flight Operations provides trained 

crew members for all NASA human space flight endeavors. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-14 

Education 

In FY 2010, NASA will continue its successes in developing a future aerospace workforce, 

improving the technological competitiveness of our Nation’s universities, attracting and retaining 

students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and 

engaging the public in NASA’s missions. NASA will accomplish these goals by offering 

competitive research grants to universities, providing targeted educational support to Minority 

Serving Institutions (MSIs), and strengthening curricula at two-year community colleges. 

NASA’s plans to streamline and centralize internship and fellowship application processes will 

realize cost savings and facilitate student access to information while attracting a wider, more 

diverse participant base. The Agency is also seeking new opportunities for student involvement 

in current space and aeronautics research missions and flight projects, including those using 

high altitude balloons, sounding rocket payloads, airborne sensors, and space satellites. NASA 

will further these efforts through a new project, Innovation in STEM Education, which will allow 

the Agency to investigate and offer opportunities for student and faculty to participate in NASArelated research. NASA’s request for Education is $126 million in FY 2010. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

 Education 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 -

 Education 146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 0.0 53.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

NASA will further pursue a goal to attract and retain students in STEM disciplines in the 

upcoming fiscal year. Last year, the Interdisciplinary National Science Program Incorporating 

Research & Education (INSPIRE) program engaged over 200 high schools in STEM areas, and 

NASA Explorer Schools conducted instructional and enrichment activities that reached over 

105,000 students. The March 2009 STS-119 mission also provided a unique educational 

opportunity as two Mission Specialists who are science teachers, Joe Acaba and Richard 

Arnold, were part of the crew. NASA Education continues to provide internships, fellowships, 

and research opportunities to help students and educators gain hands-on experiences in a 

range of STEM-related areas. These opportunities provide students with the motivation, 

inspiration, and experience needed to serve the Nation's current and future workforce needs. In 

FY 2008, the Agency provided more than 3,000 summer internships, reached 5,331 students 

through significant research experience or grants, and provided 139 grants to underrepresented 

and underserved institutions. 

NASA will also engage elementary and secondary school and informal education audiences by 

using Earth and deep space observations, the flight experience of Educator Astronaut Dorothy 

Metcalf-Lindenburger aboard STS-131, as well as future missions to the Moon and other 

destinations. New technologies such as social networks, Internet collaborations, a new virtual 

magnet school, and remote control of science instruments will expand and enhance these 

efforts. In FY 2010, NASA also plans to provide an online professional development system for 

students training to become educators, in-service teachers, and informal educators. 

Additionally, NASA will promote continuous public awareness of its mission and improvement to 

STEM literacy by partnering with informal education providers, which allows Agency partners to 

share the excitement of NASA missions with their visitors in meaningful ways. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-15 

Cross-Agency Support 

NASA Cross-Agency Support provides critical mission support activities that are necessary to 

ensure the efficient and effective operation and administration of the Agency but cannot be 

directly aligned to a specific program or project requirement. These important functions align 

and sustain institutional and program capabilities to support NASA missions by leveraging 

resources to meet mission needs, establishing Agency-wide capabilities, and providing 

institutional checks and balances. Cross-Agency Support includes Center Management and 

Operations, Institutional Investments, and Agency Management and Operations. NASA’s 

request for Cross-Agency Support is $3.4 billion in FY 2010. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 3,251.4 3,356.4 3,400.6 3,468.4 3,525.7 3,561.4 3,621.4

 Center Management and Ops 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

 Agency Management and Ops 834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5

 Institutional Investments 325.5 343.7 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0

 Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 3,242.9 3,299.9 3,323.9 3,363.7 3,436.1 3,511.3 -

 Center Management and Ops 2,013.0 2,045.6 2,046.7 2,088.0 2,155.3 2,211.6 -

 Agency Management and Ops 830.2 945.6 945.5 939.8 950.5 961.3 -

 Institutional Investments 319.7 308.7 331.7 335.9 330.4 338.3 -

 Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 8.5 56.5 76.7 104.7 89.6 50.1

Center Management and Operations funds the ongoing management, operations, and 

maintenance of nine NASA Centers and major component facilities. NASA Centers continue to 

provide high-quality support and the technical talent for the execution of programs and projects. 

Institutional Investments funds design and execution of non-programmatic revitalization 

construction of facilities projects, demolition projects for closed facilities, and environmental 

compliance and restoration activities. The Construction of Facilities Program makes capital 

repairs and improvements to NASA's critical infrastructure to improve safety and security and 

improve NASA's operating efficiency by reducing utility usage. NASA continues to right size the 

infrastructure by demolishing facilities that are no longer needed. Emphasis has been placed on 

energy and water conservation. NASA currently has 5 buildings certified under the Leadership in 

Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) criteria, 3 additional buildings that are built and 

awaiting certification as LEED Silver facilities, and 13 buildings in various stages of design and 

construction as High Performance Buildings expected to be LEED-certified when completed. 

Agency Management and Operations funds the management and oversight of Agency missions, 

programs, and functions, and performance of NASA-wide activities, through the following five 

programs: 

• Agency Management supports executive-based, Agency-level functional and administrative 

management requirements. Agency Management provides for the operational costs of 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-16 

Headquarters as an installation; funding and management of Agency-wide institutional and 

statutory requirements for centralized Agency functions; assessment and evaluation of NASA 

program and mission performance; strategic planning; and independent technical 

assessments of Agency programs. 

• Safety and Mission Success funds activities required to strengthen and enable the 

fundamental and robust cross-checks applied on the execution of NASA's mission, and to 

improve the likelihood for safety and mission success for NASA's programs, projects, and 

operations. The engineering, safety and mission assurance, health and medical independent 

oversight, and technical authority components are essential to NASA's success and were 

established in direct response to the Challenger and Columbia shuttle accident board 

recommendations for independent funding of these efforts. Included under Safety and 

Mission Assurance is the Independent Verification and Validation program. 

• Agency Information Technology Services funds cross-cutting services and initiatives in IT 

management, applications, and infrastructure necessary to enable the NASA Mission and 

improve security, integration and efficiency of Agency operations. NASA plans significant 

emphasis on implementation of five Agency-wide procurements to achieve the following: (1) 

consolidation of IT networks to improve network management, (2) consolidation of 

desktop/laptop computer services and mobile devices to improve end-user services, (3) data 

center consolidation to provide more cost-effective services, (4) Agency public web site 

management to improve access to NASA data and information by the public, and (5) Agency 

business systems development and maintenance to provide more efficient and effective 

business systems. NASA will also continue to improve security incident detection, response, 

and management through the Security Operations Center. 

• The Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP) funds leveraged technology investments, dualuse technology-related partnerships, and technology solutions for NASA. IPP implements 

NASA's Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer 

Programs which seek out high-technology small businesses to address key technology needs 

for NASA, and facilitates the protection of NASA’s rights in its inventions and the transfer of 

that technology for commercial application and public benefit. IPP is establishing a new 

Innovative Technology Project that is intended to identify and competitively select lowmaturity basic research projects that can enable new and more capable missions in the 

future. IPP manages a Seed Fund to address technology needs through cost-shared, jointdevelopment partnerships and the Centennial Challenges Program to stimulate innovation 

and competition in space operations, exploration and aeronautics technologies of value to 

NASA and the nation through prize contests. Centennial Challenge competitions have 

spurred the creation of new businesses and products, including innovations in pressure suit 

gloves and reusable rocket engines. IPP also transfers NASA technology to industry for 

public benefit; in 2008, 50 new examples of transfer of NASA innovation to the commercial 

market place were publicized in areas such as health and medicine, transportation, public 

safety, consumer goods, homes and recreation, environmental and agricultural resources, 

computer technology, and industrial productivity. 

• The Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP) funds the costs required to sustain key 

Agency test capabilities and assets, such as an array of flight simulators, thermal vacuum 

chambers, and arc jets, to ensure mission success. SCAP ensures that assets and 

capabilities deemed vital to NASA's current and future success are sustained in order to serve 

Agency and national needs. All assets and capabilities identified for sustainment either have 

validated mission requirements or have been identified as potentially required for future 

missions. 
NASA FY 2010 Budget Request Summary

SUM-17 

Inspector General 

The OIG Office of Audits (OA) conducts independent, objective audits and reviews of NASA and 

NASA contractor programs and projects to improve NASA operations, as well as a broad range 

of professional audit and advisory services. It also comments on NASA policies and is 

responsible for the oversight of audits performed under contract. OA helps NASA accomplish its 

objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the economy, 

efficiency, and effectiveness of NASA operations. 

The OIG Office of Investigations (OI) identifies, investigates, and refers for prosecution cases of 

crime, waste, fraud, and abuse in NASA programs and operations. The OIG's federal law 

enforcement officers investigate false claims, false statements, conspiracy, theft, computer 

crimes, mail fraud, and violations of federal laws, such as the Procurement Integrity Act and the 

Anti-Kickback Act. Through its investigations, OI also seeks to prevent and deter crime at 

NASA. NASA’s request for Inspector General is $36.4 million in FY 2010. 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6

 Inspector General 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 32.6 35.5 36.4 37.3 38.3 39.2 -

 Inspector General 32.6 35.5 36.4 37.3 38.3 39.2 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -

Mission Directorate: Science

NASA leads the nation on a great journey of discovery, asking profound questions that touch us all:







o What are the origin and destiny of the universe?



o How did the galaxies, stars, and planetary bodies form and evolve?



o How is our planet changing, and what are the consequences?



o How did life originate and evolve?



o Are we alone?







NASA performs scientific exploration enabled by space observatories and space probes, viewing the Earth from 

space, visiting the Moon and other bodies in the solar system, returning samples from them, and looking out into 

our Galaxy and beyond. 







From space, we can view the Earth as a planet and study it as a complex, interacting dynamic system with 

diverse components: the oceans, atmosphere, continents, ice sheets, and life itself. We observe and track 

global-scale changes, and we study regional changes in their global context. We observe the role that human 

civilization increasingly plays as a force of change. Through partnerships with other agencies that maintain 

forecast and decision support systems, we improve national capabilities to predict climate, weather, and natural 

hazards, to manage resources, and to support the development of environmental policy. These activities and 

other NASA research on our home planet are an essential part of national and international efforts to employ 

Earth observations and scientific understanding in service to society.







We extend humankind's virtual presence throughout the Solar System via robotic space probes to other planets 

and their moons, to asteroids and comets, and to icy bodies of the outer solar system. We are completing 

humankind's first basic reconnaissance of the Solar System by sending one mission to fly by Pluto and another 

that will visit two world-sized asteroids, Ceres and Vesta. We are in the midst of a large-scale investigation of 

Mars, launching a series of ever more capable orbiters, landers, and rovers. And we are directing our attention 

to certain moons of the giant planets where we see intriguing signs of surface activity and of liquid water within, 

knowing that on Earth, where there is water and an energy source there is also life.







Our solar system is very much governed by the Sun, a main-sequence star midway through its stellar life. 

Through the eyes of multiple spacecraft, we see the solar system as a "heliosphere," an interconnected system 

with diverse components. At the center of the heliosphere, solar radiation controls the climate and sustains the 

biosphere of Earth, causes modifications to the ozone layer, and has effects on radio and radar transmissions, 

electrical power grids, and spacecraft electronics. We seek to understand how and why the Sun varies, how 

planetary systems respond, and how human activities are affected. As human presence expands beyond the 

confines of Earth, this science will enable the space weather predictions necessary to safeguard the outward 

journeys of human and robotic explorers.







Some of the greatest minds of the last century discovered wondrous things about our astrophysical universe -- 

the Big Bang and black holes, dark matter and dark energy, and the interrelated nature of space and time. Their 

theories challenge NASA to use observations from space to test the limits of our understanding. Having 

measured the age of the universe, we now seek to explore its ultimate extremes -- its birth, the edges of space 

and time near black holes, and the dark energy filling the entire universe. We seek to understand the 

relationship between the smallest of subatomic particles and the vast expanse of the cosmos. And having 

discovered hundreds of planets around other stars, humankind now seeks to find Earth-like planets and 

understand the diversity of planetary systems.







This is NASA's science vision: to achieve a deep scientific understanding of our planet, other planets and solar 

system bodies, our star system in its entirety, and the universe beyond.

Overview

SCISCI-1
Mission Directorate: Science

Heliophysics 840.9 577.3 598.9 689.4 741.2 746.6 --

Astrophysics 1,337.5 1,162.5 1,122.4 1,057.1 1,067.7 1,116.0 --

Planetary Science 1,247.5 1,334.2 1,410.1 1,537.5 1,570.0 1,608.7 --

Earth Science 1,280.3 1,367.5 1,350.7 1,250.9 1,264.4 1,290.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

4,706.2 4,441.5 4,482.0 4,534.9 4,643.4 4,761.6 --

Heliophysics 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6

Astrophysics 1,395.6 1,281.2 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6

Planetary Science 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2

Earth Science 1,237.4 1,704.6 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

4,733.2 4,903.0 4,477.2 4,747.4 4,890.9 5,069.0 5,185.4

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

27.0 461.5 -4.8 212.5 247.5 307.4 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted. Starting in FY 10, the NEOO project moves from Earth Science to the Planetary Science theme and AstroH moves from Heliophysics to the Astrophysic theme.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-2
Mission Directorate: Science

None

New Initiatives:

Planetary Science

Major Changes:

Consistent with the American Recovery and Act of 2009, the FY 2010 Budget request for Earth Science (and 

its FY 2011-14 runout) reflects a significant commitment to Earth Science on the part of the new 

Administration. In total, projected Earth Science funding from FY 2009-2013 is increased by approximately 

$1.2 billion, allowing significant progress towards the goals of identified in the National Research Council's 

2007 Decadal Survey report, "Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next 

Decade and Beyond", as detailed below.

New Initiatives:

Besides the acceleration of SMAP and ICESat-2, the other Tier-1 missions -- Deformation, Ecosystem 

Structure, and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI) and Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory 

(CLARREO) -- are preparing to enter formulation phase, towards planned launches in the middle of the next 

decade. Detailed mission studies and science community workshops for all five Tier-2 missions will prepare 

them to follow the Tier-1 missions. 







NASA will continue to implement five precursor Earth Science missions, Glory, Aquarius, NPOESS 

Preparatory Project (NPP), Landsat Data Continuity Mapper (LDCM), and Global Precipitation Measurement 

(GPM) for launch between 2009 and 2014. 



 



The budget will fund operations of approximately 15 on-orbit Earth Science missions in FY2010, while 

maintaining robust Research and Analysis, Applied Sciences, and Technology Development programs.







NASA is determining how best to meet the lost science contribution after the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 

(OCO) launch vehicle failure. We have initiated studies to examine both science and hardware 

considerations. The science study is assessing the current state of carbon cycle science and existing 

measurements to see what course of action would best address the key science issues. On the hardware 

side, NASA is examining reflight opportunities, including, but not limited to, flying an OCO-like instrument on 

a shared platform or as a dedicated mission.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

The Decadal Survey Tier-1 Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) and Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite 

2 (ICESat-2) missions have been accelerated to the maximum extent possible, and are planned for launch in 

late 2013/early 2014 and late 2014/early 2015, respectively. 







NASA is initiating a new series of competed "Venture-class" missions. These missions, which may include 

suborbital payloads, instruments to be flown on non-NASA spacecraft, or small dedicated spacecraft, will be 

selected via an Announcement of Opportunity. Selection of the first Venture-class mission(s) is planned for 

FY 2010.







The budget for LDCM, planned for launch in December 2012, now includes the cost of a thermal infrared 

instrument, consistent with Congressional direction in the FY09 appropriation.







NASA has already begun a new Airborne Science campaign, called IceBridge, to "bridge the gap" between 

ICESat I and ICESat II data. This activity, focusing on changes in Greenland and arctic ice, will continue in 

FY 2010 and beyond.







For the first time, all Science missions in development are conservatively budgeted at the "70%" confidence 

level. Hopefully, this will minimize future overruns and disruptions of the portfolio.

Earth Science

Plans for FY 2010

Science

SCI-3
Mission Directorate: Science

Major Changes:

None

New Initiatives:

Major Highlights for FY 2010

In June 2008, NASA selected the High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument as an Explorer 

Mission of Opportunity, and is scheduled to fly on the Japanese Astro-H mission in 2013.







The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has entered development phase, and consistent with the new 

NASA policy, the JWST budget now reflects independent cost estimates at the 70% confidence level. 







For the first time, all Science missions in development are conservatively budgeted at the "70%" confidence 

level. Hopefully, this will minimize future overruns and disruptions of the portfolio.

Astrophysics

Announcements of Opportunity for new missions in the Discovery and New Frontiers programs are planned 

during FY2009 and early FY2010 respectively, with concept study selections in FY2010. The selected 

Discovery mission may launch as early as 2014, and the selected New Frontiers mission may launch as 

early as 2018. Planning will begin for a Mars 2016 mission, with the potential for a cooperative mission with 

the European Space Agency's (ESA) ExoMars mission.







NASA will continue to implement six Planetary Science missions in development or formulation: MSL, Juno, 

the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL), the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment 

Explorer (LADEE), MAVEN, and the first two U.S. landers in the International Lunar Network (ILN). 







The budget will fund operations of approximately 13 ongoing Planetary Science missions in FY2010, while 

maintaining robust Research and Analysis and Technology programs.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

The FY 2010 Budget proposal for Planetary Science includes more conservative estimates for many 

projects, reflecting a balanced portfolio that fits more realistically within budget constraints. For instance, the 

Juno mission to Jupiter, and the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon, 

have entered development phase, and consistent with NASA policy, their budgets now reflect independent 

cost estimates at the 70% confidence level. 







Previous cost estimates for the major Outer Planet Flagship (OPF) and Mars Sample Return (MSR) missions 

have been determined to be unrealistic. Studies of potential future OPF missions will continue, but the start 

of OPF development will be delayed by several years. We have re-established a balanced Mars exploration 

program, with a launch at every opportunity (about every 26 months) after 2011; launch of MSR is no longer 

expected until well after 2020.







Since the release of the FY2009 Budget request, NASA selected the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile 

EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mars Scout mission, for launch in 2013. The launch of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) 

was delayed until late 2011. 







A new Lunar Quest program has been established, incorporating activities previously funded under the 

Planetary Science Research program. Funding for Near Earth Object Observations (NEOO) has been 

transferred from Earth Science, and is now part of Planetary Science Research.

Major Changes:

SCI-4
Mission Directorate: Science

Major Changes:

None

New Initiatives:

The Solar Dynamics Observatory is expected to launch in October/November of 2009.







NASA will continue to support the RBSP and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) missions, for launch in 2012 

and 2014 respectively.







The budget will fund operation and data analysis of approximately 16 ongoing Heliophysics missions in 

FY2010, while maintaining robust Research and Analysis and Sounding Rocket operations programs.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

In May 2008, NASA selected six candidate Small Explorer (SMEX) mission proposals for further evaluation. 

Final selection of up to two missions for development and launch is expected in 2009.







In June 2008, NASA selected the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) instrument, for 

additional study as a potential Explorer Mission of Opportunity, to be flown on a future commercial satellite. If 

approved for development and launch, GOLD would help determine how the Earth's outer atmosphere 

responds to external forces.







NASA selected the Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) as a new Living 

With a Star Mission of Opportunity. BARREL seeks to measure the precipitation of relativistic electrons from 

the radiation belts using multi-balloon campaigns, starting in FY 2012.







For the first time, all Science missions in development are conservatively budgeted at the "70%" confidence 

level. Hopefully, this will minimize future overruns and disruptions of the portfolio.







The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission completed preliminary design, and has entered 

development. Consistent with NASA policy, the RBSP budget reflects independent cost estimates at the 

70% confidence level.







Incorporating more conservative budget estimates for RBSP and other missions does not leave sufficient 

funding to support a Solar Probe mission in 2015; the mission is now scheduled for 2018, which is the next 

desirable launch window.

Heliophysics

The Herschel, Planck, and Kepler missions are expected to be in their first full year of operations, following 

launch in FY09. The Wide-field Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (WISE) mission is scheduled for launch in 

early FY2010. NASA will continue to support seven other Astrophysics missions in development or 

formulation: JWST, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), SXS, Stratospheric Observatory for 

Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), JDEM, the International X-ray Observatory (IXO/Constellation-X), and the 

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).







The budget will fund operations of approximately eight ongoing Astrophysics missions in FY2010, including 

Fermi, HST, Spitzer Space Telescope, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Swift, Suzaku, Galaxy Evolution 

Explorer, and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. Early science flights of SOFIA will begin. The budget 

also maintains robust Research and Analysis and Scientific Balloon programs.

SCI-5
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-6
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

NASA's Earth Science Theme supports breakthrough research to advance fundamental knowledge on 

the most important scientific questions on the global and regional integrated Earth system. NASA's 

activities encompass the global atmosphere; the global oceans including sea ice; land surfaces 

including snow and ice; ecosystems; and interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and 

ecosystems, including humans. NASA's goal is to understand the Earth system and the changing 

climate and, in association with national and international partners, apply this understanding for the 

well-being of society. A key strategic element is sustained simultaneous observations to unravel the 

complexity of the global integrated Earth system.







NASA accomplishes its goals through continuous interactions among its four major elements: Flight 

Programs develops satellite missions; Research and Analysis redeems the investment in 

measurements by advancing scientific understanding, while also identifying the foci for the next 

generation of missions; Technology develops new technology and enables the next generation of 

effective satellite and airborne instruments; and, Applied Sciences advances the rapid and effective 

use of ESD measurements and scientific understanding by other Federal, state, local and tribal 

organizations. 







NASA operates fifteen satellite missions that make well-calibrated global observations with highspatial and high-temporal resolution. NASA aircraft- and surface-based instruments calibrate, 

complement, and enhance interpretation of satellite measurements. NASA supports state-of-the-art 

computing capability and capacity for global integrated Earth system modeling. NASA missions 

produce nearly 4 terabytes of data every day, and NASA maintains the world's largest scientific data 

and information system for collecting, processing, archiving, and distributing Earth system data to 

worldwide users.







NASA has five missions in formulation and development. Two Decadal Survey missions have 

preliminary launch readiness dates of late 2013/early 2014 and late 2014/early 2015, and other 

Decadal Survey missions are in pre-formulation studies.







Seven in-orbit satellite missions provide data in near-real time to the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration for operational forecasts of weather, hurricanes, air quality, and harmful 

algal blooms. Ten of the in-orbit missions are conducted with fourteen international partners

Theme Overview

SCI-7
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Applied Sciences 45.4 33.8 33.8 31.3 32.1 32.8 --

Earth Science Technology 47.3 46.1 49.2 50.6 51.6 52.8 --

Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations 167.8 140.5 159.1 157.9 166.5 170.9 --

Earth System Science Pathfinder 113.8 88.6 58.8 37.4 50.0 54.9 --

Earth Systematic Missions 530.1 677.9 661.5 583.2 563.6 569.6 --

Earth Science Research 375.8 380.6 388.2 390.6 400.7 409.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 1,280.3 1,367.5 1,350.7 1,250.9 1,264.4 1,290.3 --

Applied Sciences 40.2 47.8 32.2 30.7 31.5 32.2 33.1

Earth Science Technology 43.0 54.1 45.9 47.2 48.2 49.5 52.7

Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations 143.0 148.1 149.9 160.3 165.4 161.3 165.5

Earth System Science Pathfinder 106.8 118.3 63.9 128.8 114.2 121.4 119.1

Earth Systematic Missions 546.1 898.9 715.5 725.4 786.4 818.8 867.6

Earth Science Research 358.3 437.4 397.5 407.5 404.2 416.8 412.1

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 1,237.4 1,704.6 1,405.0 1,500.0 1,550.0 1,600.0 1,650.0

Total Change from FY 2009 Request -42.9 337.0 54.3 249.1 285.6 309.7 --

Note: Includes $325M of Recovery Act funding in FY09. Starting in FY 10, the NEOO project is in the Planetary theme.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-8
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

As a result of the funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and a 

significant commitment by the new Administration to Earth Science in FY 2010-14, significant progress can be 

made towards the goals identified in the National Research Council (NRC) 2007 report, "Earth Science and 

Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond". The Soil Moisture ActivePassive (SMAP) and Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat II) missions will be pursued 

aggressively, leading to projected launches in late 2013/early 2014 and late 2014/ early 2015 respectively. 

Studies of the next two Decadal Survey missions, the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity 

Observatory (CLARREO) and the Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI), will 

also intensify.







NASA has also begun development of the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instrument, which is now fully 

funded within the LDCM Project.







The following other activities will be undertaken in FY 2010:







- GPM will complete its Preliminary Design Review followed by Confirmation Review and KDP-C,



- NPP will complete its satellite pre-environmental review,



- Glory will have its Launch Readiness Review, followed by the launch of the spacecraft, and



- LDCM will complete its instrument Critical Design Review and Mission Critical Design Review.







All operating missions will be a part of the 2009 Senior Review, to determine whether extended operations 

are warranted.

Earth Systematic Missions

As a result of the funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and a 

significant commitment by the new Administration to Earth Science in FY2010-14, NASA has already begun a 

new Airborne Science campaign, called IceBridge, to "bridge the gap" between ICESat I and ICESat II data. 

This activity, focusing on changes in Greenland and arctic ice, will continue in FY 2010 and beyond.







The Science Mission Directorate will issue Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science 2009 

(ROSES-09), a research announcement covering all of the planned research solicitations in Earth Science 

Research for FY 2009; the FY 2010 budget will fund the competitively selected activities. Roughly a third of 

the Earth Science Research budget is competed each year through ROSES. The resulting grants are 

generally funded for three years following the selections. Given the average of a three-year funding cycle, 

many of the research activities carried out in FY 2010 will be tasks initiated in FY 2008 and FY 2009 based on 

solicitations included in ROSES-07 and ROSES-08, respectively. Selections based on ROSES 08 

solicitations are on-going and are addressing a number of Earth Science research areas, including ocean 

circulation, the effect of decreasing sea ice cover on climate, energy and water cycle, arctic research of the 

composition of the troposphere, geodetic imaging, global modeling of the Earth System, hurricane science 

and biodiversity (first-ever NASA research solicitation). In addition the Research Program develops and tests 

experimental techniques and algorithms that contribute to future Decadal Survey missions.

Earth Science Research

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-9
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

The Earth Science Technology Program (ESTP) will develop new remote-sensing and information systems 

technologies for infusion into future science missions to enable, or dramatically enhance, measurements and 

data system capabilities. Planning will start with measurement priorities established by the science 

community, leading to systematically developed technology requirements and priorities. Studies may be 

conducted to assess the most effective ways to meet technology performance requirements. Tasks will be 

awarded through competed solicitations in the three project areas: Instrument Incubator, Advanced 

Information Systems, and Advanced Technology Initiatives.

Earth Science Technology

The Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations Program will continue the operation of the Earth Observing 

System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) and its 

accompanying functions, as well as Core System Science Data Processing Systems. The maintenance of 

these systems is important to the collection of data from Earth Science satellites in orbit, as well as to the 

continuity of Earth Science research efforts. 







Step 1 of the 'Evolution of EOSDIS Elements' (EEE) effort, begun in 2006, is essentially complete. Savings 

and operational benefits from Step 1 are fully appreciated starting in FY 2009 and beyond. Between now and 

2015, NASA plans to continue the support of the EEE to enable a service-oriented architecture (SOA), which 

allows different applications to exchange data with one another. 







Five-year Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Projects 

began work in 2008 to continue NASA support of the development of multi-instrument Earth System Data 

Records, including Climate Data Records. A new ACCESS solicitation is being readied for NASA's Research 

Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences - 2009 (ROSES-2009). These Cooperative Agreements are 

proving very valuable for keeping research and modeling communities actively involved with the EOSDIS 

architecture, and informing core infrastructure evolution decisions.

Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

Aquarius/SAC-D observatory will have completion of environmental testing, Operational Readiness Review 

and mission launch. All operating missions will be reviewed during the 2009 Senior Review process to 

determine whether extended operations are warranted.







NASA is determining how best to meet the lost science contribution after the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 

(OCO) launch vehicle failure. We have initiated studies to examine both science and hardware 

considerations. The science study is assessing the current state of carbon cycle science and existing 

measurements to see what course of action would best address the key science issues. On the hardware 

side, NASA is examining reflight opportunities, including, but not limited to, flying an OCO-like instrument on a 

shared platform or as a dedicated mission.







In response to the NRC report, NASA is initiating a new series of competed "Venture-class" missions. These 

missions, which may include suborbital payloads, instruments to be flown on non-NASA spacecraft, or small 

dedicated spacecraft, will be selected via an Announcement of Opportunity. Selection of the first Ventureclass mission(s) is planned for FY 2010.

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-10
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

The Applied Sciences Program will continue to work across the range of application areas, with special focus 

on supporting communities as they plan for and respond to the impacts of climate change.







In October 2008, the NASA Applied Sciences Program completed a comparison study of seven Federal 

programs that incorporate Earth science data into decision making activities for policy and management. The 

Applied Sciences Program used this study to identify best practices and to benchmark its approaches on 

strategic planning, implementation, partnership development, and administration. The study concluded that 

that Applied Sciences Program is "unique with individual drivers, processes, and expectations." The study 

suggested that longer-term relationships with users provide a source of innovation in applications; that applied 

research is often needed to make science results more robust for use in applications; and that diversified 

funding portfolios, multi-disciplinary staffing, and defined project end-points are keys to successful 

applications. The Applied Sciences Program has incorporated key findings in its FY2009-2014 Program Plan.

Applied Sciences

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-11
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Earth Science supports NASA's achievement of Strategic Plan Sub-Goal 3A: "Study Earth from space 

to advance scientific understanding and meet societal needs."







This effort is comprised of seven Outcomes:



3A.1: Progress in understanding and improving predictive capability for changes in the ozone layer, 

climate forcing, and air quality associated with changes in atmospheric composition.



3A.2: Progress in enabling improved predictive capability for weather and extreme weather events.



3A.3: Progress in quantifying global land cover change and terrestrial and marine productivity, and in 

improving carbon cycle and ecosystem models.



3A.4: Progress in quantifying the key reservoirs and fluxes in the global water cycle and in improving 

models of water cycle change and fresh water availability.



3A.5: Progress in understanding the role of oceans, atmosphere, and ice in the climate system and in 

improving predictive capability for its future evolution.



3A.6: Progress in characterizing and understanding Earth surface changes and variability of Earth's 

gravitational and magnetic fields.



3A.7: Progress in expanding and accelerating the realization of societal benefits from Earth system 

science.







Earth Science researchers seek to answer how and why the global integrated Earth system is 

changing, how it supports life, how life impacts the Earth system, and how this information will benefit 

the Nation.







See FY 2010 Performance Plan for specific annual goals.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The 2008 NASA Authorization Act and 2006 National Space Policy charged NASA to develop unique 

capabilities in global Earth observations and models to discover fundamental scientific knowledge of 

the integrated Earth system. NASA activities contribute substantially to two Presidential Initiatives ' 

Integrated Global Earth Observations and Ocean Action Plan; three Congressional Initiatives ' 

National Oceanographic Partnership Program, Global Change Research Act, and Clean Air Act 

Amendments; and, two United Nations Assessments ' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

and Ozone Depletion. NASA is the largest funding contributor to the 13-agency U.S. Climate Change 

Science Program.







NASA coordinates with the U.S. Geological Survey on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission and with 

the Department of Defense and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on the 

National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System. NASA develops, on a 

reimbursable basis with NOAA, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite and Polar 

Orbiting Environmental Satellite programs. In FY 2009, NASA and the French space agency declared 

the Ocean Surface Topography Mission to be operational and transferred satellite command and 

control operations to NOAA, marking an important milestone in the transition of a research satellite 

measurement capability to an operational capability.

SCI-12
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

NASA develops innovative programs to educate and train scientists in understanding the global 

integrated Earth system and infuse NASA observations and scientific results in the public and all 

venues of learning. The DEVELOP program (not an acronym) is a national high school and university 

student-led, student-run internship activity. ESD's Earth System Science Fellowship Program trains 

graduate students, while the New Investigator Program targets early-career scientists and engineers. 

NASA Earth Science discoveries are reported almost daily through the world's media to motivate 

students and young scientists to pursue challenging careers in Earth science and technology. 







NASA Earth Science improves public understanding of the complexity of the global integrated Earth 

system. Guided primarily by the 2007 National Research Council Decadal Survey, NASA is 

executing an ambitious plan to answer questions regarding why and how the environment is 

changing, define the impacts of environmental change on humans, and identify how humans can 

mitigate the impact of environmental hazards. Through its work with other Federal agencies to 

improve their operational services, NASA Earth Science advances capabilities in such areas as 

weather and air quality forecasting, climate prediction, and natural hazard and land use assessment.

- Arctic Ocean Climate. In September 2007, NASA Aqua satellite measurements revealed that Arctic 

Ocean sea ice coverage was 23% smaller compared to the previous minimum extent in September 

2005. One year later in September 2008, the coverage was the second lowest recorded since 1978, 

when satellite sea ice observations began with NASA's Nimbus-7 satellite. In 2008, NASA-supported 

researchers explained the complex causes and impacts of rapid summertime Arctic sea ice depletion. 

NASA ICESat satellite data revealed Arctic sea ice was becoming thinner, making it easier to melt in 

summer. Over the western Arctic Ocean where most of the increased melt occurred in 2007, the 

NASA CloudSat satellite showed decreased cloud cover relative to 2006 and the NASA Aqua satellite 

measured increased incident solar radiation. The NASA SeaWiFS data-buy product showed that 

reduced summertime sea ice coverage lengthened the growing season for near-surface ocean 

phytoplankton, which increased the phytoplankton abundance in the Arctic Ocean.







-Global Air Pollution. NASA Aura satellite measurements tracked air pollutants from their generation 

sites to assess air quality throughout the world. In 2008, NASA researchers announced the first 

measurement-based estimate of pollution traveling from East Asian forest fires, urban exhaust and 

industrial production to North America. About 450 million kilograms of small particle (aerosol) pollution 

reached the northwest coast of Canada and the United States.



 



-New Technology. NASA's unmanned aerial system Ikhana, equipped with an innovative NASA 

Autonomous Modular Sensor instrument, transmitted real-time measurements of visible, infrared and 

thermal imagery directly to firefighting control centers to monitor and predict the trajectory of 

California's wildfires. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Governor 

of California recognized NASA's contributions to prevent loss of life and property.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SCI-13
Theme: Earth Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Relevance NASA 

Advisory 

Council (NAC)

05/2008 NASA Advisory Council (NAC) - Review science 

strategy and implementation strategy for the 

Earth Science programs

05/2009

Relevance National 

Research 

Council

01/2007 National Research Council - Decadal Survey of 

effectiveness and quality of the Earth Science 

programs. First time a Decadal Survey was 

developed for Earth Science.

2016

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-14
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

The Earth Science Research Program advances our knowledge of the global distribution of a range of 

important environmental parameters related to the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, 

cryosphere, and land surface; to understand the processes that drive and connect them; and to 

improve our capability to predict the future evolution of the Earth system, including climate, weather, 

and natural hazards. 







Earth Science Research funds basic research and modeling efforts, the Airborne Science Project 

(which conducts research using airplanes and Uninhabited Air Systems), supercomputing efforts that 

support a variety of agencies, and education and outreach.







For more information, please see http://science.hq.nasa.gov/earth-sun/index.html.

Program Overview

Computing and Management 103.1 104.9 104.7 107.3 110.1 111.8 --

Earth Science Research and 

Analysis

269.3 271.9 279.7 279.4 286.7 293.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

372.5 376.9 384.5 386.8 396.8 405.3 --

Computing and Management 98.9 123.7 115.8 107.2 110.0 112.4 115.6

Earth Science Research and 

Analysis

259.4 313.7 281.7 300.3 294.2 304.4 296.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

358.3 437.4 397.5 407.5 404.2 416.8 412.1

Changes from FY 2009 Request -14.2 60.6 13.1 20.8 7.5 11.6 --

Note: Includes $68.5M of Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-15
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

The research program portfolio is highly diverse in terms of activities sponsored as described for each 

project in the following section.







As a result of the funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and a 

significant commitment by the new Administration to Earth Science in FY2010-14, NASA has already 

begun a new Airborne Science campaign, called IceBridge, to "bridge the gap" between ICESat I and 

ICESat II data. This activity, focusing on changes in Greenland and arctic ice, will continue in FY 

2010 and beyond.







The R&A project constitutes the core of the program and accounts for roughly half of the total budget. 

It is mostly competed via the Science Mission Directorate Research Opportunities in Space and Earth 

Science 2009 (ROSES-09), a research solicitation released February 2009. Solicited research in 

2009 will generally result in grants funded with FY10 funding and two subsequent years, and includes 

ocean biology and biogeochemistry, terrestrial ecology, physical oceanography, atmospheric 

composition, and a hurricane field experiment. It will also continue funding research solicited in 

ROSES-08 and ROSES-07 as they have progressed in their 2nd and 3rd year, respectively. The 

research portfolio includes the Interdisciplinary Science project, also competed in ROSES-09 with the 

focus to continue funding research in interdisciplinary areas, such as sea level change, water and 

energy cycle impacts of biomass burning and integrated earth system responses to extreme 

disturbances. Other competitive grant projects are the carbon cycle science team (continued from 

previous selection) and the Earth science education and outreach activity (also in ROSES-09). The 

remaining activities include primarily directed funding to NASA Centers for space geodesy (funding 

the development and operation of the geodetic networks), high end computing, scientific computing 

and global modeling and data assimilation.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-16
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Earth Science Research Program area consists of multiple projects and science teams which 

support the overall diverse R&A goals: 







Research and Analysis Project:



The Earth Science Research and Analysis (R&A) Project is the core of the R&A Program and funds 

research in all six Earth Science focus areas: 1) Climate variability and change; 2) Atmospheric 

composition; 3) Carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; 4) Water and energy cycles; 5) 

Weather; and 6) Earth surface and interior. Additionally, the R&A Project addresses the Earth 

system and the interactions of its components, characterizing them on a broad range of spatial and 

temporal scales to understand the naturally occurring and human-induced processes that drive the 

overall system.







Airborne Science:



Airborne Science funds NASA's manned airplanes, and Uninhabited Air Systems (UAS) based Earth 

science efforts. The project supports the operation of a catalog of NASA-owned and leased aircraft, 

including the ER-2, DC-8, WB-57, P-3, Twin Otter, B-200, Aerosonde, Global Hawk, and other UAS 

aircraft. These assets are deployed in campaigns conducted around the world to monitor extreme 

weather events (e.g., hurricanes), capture data for Earth science modeling activities, and calibrate 

the instruments flying aboard Earth science spacecraft. As mentioned above, and as a result of the 

funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and a significant 

commitment by the new Administration to Earth Science in FY2010-14, NASA has already begun a 

new Airborne Science campaign, called IceBridge, to "bridge the gap" between ICESat I and ICESat 

II data. This activity, focusing on changes in Greenland and arctic ice, will continue in FY 2010 and 

beyond.







Interdisciplinary Science:



Interdisciplinary Science funds science teams, as well as calibration and validation activities, that 

ensure the utility of spaceborne measurements. In addition, it supports focused field work (e.g. 

airborne campaigns) and specific facility instruments, which are heavily relied upon in fieldwork.







Carbon Cycle Science Team:



The Carbon Cycle Science Team conducts research on the distribution and cycling of carbon among 

the Earth's active land, ocean and atmospheric reservoirs.







Global Modeling and Assimilation Office:



The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, located at Goddard Space Flight Center, creates global 

climate and environmental models using data from Earth science satellites and aircraft. These 

products can then be used by investigators worldwide to further their research.







Ozone Trends Science:



The Ozone Trends Science project has an overall goal of producing a consistent, calibrated ozone 

time series that can be used for trend analyses and other studies.

Earth Science Research and Analysis

SCI-17
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

The Computing and Management area consists of three projects:







High-End Computing Capability (HECC):



The High-End Computing Capability (HECC) project at Ames Research Center is focused around the 

Columbia supercomputer and the associated network connectivity, data storage, data analysis and 

visualization, and application software support. The Science Mission Directorate currently funds and 

manages the HECC resources, which serves the supercomputing needs of all NASA Mission 

Directorates as well as principle investigators at universities. Science Mission Directorate funding 

supports the operation, maintenance, and upgrade of NASA's supercomputing capability, while the 

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program exercises the oversight and insight functions. In 2008, a new



approximately 40,000 processors supercomputer system "Pleiades" was acquired. The new 

system,currently ranked the world's third fastest supercomputer, supports NASA's aeronautics, 

exploration, space operation and science missions.







Scientific Computing:



Scientific Computing funds NASA's Earth Science "Discover" computing system, software 

engineering, and user interface projects at Goddard Space Flight Center. The Scientific Computing 

Project's primary purpose is to support Earth science modeling activities based on data collected by 

Earth science spacecraft.







Directorate Support:



The Directorate Support Project is the institutional budget for the Science Mission Directorate. It 

funds Headquarters institutional activities that impact the Mission Directorate (i.e. Space Studies 

Board, NASA Peer Review, printing and graphics, IT budget, NASA Postdoctoral Program, working 

group support, independent assessment studies, and other administrative tasks with Mission 

Directorate impact).

Computing and Management

Education and Outreach Activity:



The Education and Outreach Activity supports NASA educational outcomes and communicates the 

results from Earth science missions and research through competitively selected projects. It also 

continues the worldwide implementation and U.S. coordination of the Global Learning and 

Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program, in partnership with the National Science 

Foundation.







Fellowships and New Investigators:



The Fellowships and New Investigators project supports graduate and early-career research, 

respectively, that is relevant of Earth system research and applied science. 







Space Geodesy:



The Space Geodesy Project provides global geodetic positioning and supports the establishment of 

the needed geodetic reference frames in support of climate change and geohazards research and 

applications and their associated missions.

Earth Science Research and Analysis (continued)

SCI-18
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

Maximize resource utilization (i.e., computing 

cycles) in supercomputer projects.

Scientific Computing; HECC None.

Initiate the first-ever competitively selected 

science team.

Glory Mission of ESM Program; 

science team will be within R&A 

Program.

New solicitation in ROSES 2009 

subelement.

Competitively selected airborne mission teams. Tropical photochemistry and Aerosol 

Airborne Campaign - R&A

Solicitation in ROSES 2009 

subelement.

Competitively selected airborne mission teams. Hurricane Field Experiment - R&A Solicitation in ROSES 2009 

subelement.

Issue competed, peer-reviewed research 

awards.

Research and Analysis; Airborne 

Science (flight opportunities)

None.

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

HECC Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-05

Sep-05

Aug-05

Dec-20

Form

Scientific Computing Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-95 Dec-20

Form

Airborne Science Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-90 Dec-20

Form

R&A, IDS Science, 

Carbon Cycle Science, 

Ozone Trends, Global 

Modeling and 

Assimilation Office, 

Space Geodesy, 

Education and 

Outreach, and 

Fellowships & New 

Investigators (all 

ongoing research 

efforts)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Jan-90 Dec-20

Form

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-19
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

Program Management

Scientific Computing Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

NASA Center for 

Computational 

Sciences, Goddard 

Space Flight Center

Department of Energy and the 

Department of Defense.

High-End Computing Capability Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

NASA Advanced 

Supercomputing, 

Ames Research 

Center

Department of Energy and the 

Department of Defense.

Global Modeling and 

Assimilation Office (formerly 

Data Assimilation Office)

Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

Goddard Space 

Flight Center

None.

Earth Science Education and 

Outreach Activity

Science Mission 

Directorate

N/A (various nonNASA organizations)National Science Foundation's 

Component of the Global Learning and 

Observations to Benefit the 

Environment (GLOBE).

Space Geodesy Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

Goddard Space 

Flight Center and 

Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory

None.

Fellowships and New 

Investigators

Science Mission 

Directorate

N/A (various nonNASA organizations)None.

R&A Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

Mostly competitive 

awards

Climate Change Science Program 

(CCSP) participating agencies and 

Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science 

and Technology (JSOST) participating 

agencies

Airborne Science Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

GSFC/Wallops 

Flight Facility, 

DFRC, and ARC are 

the primary Centers 

involved in this 

project.

The Federal Aviation Administration, 

the Department of Defense, the 

Department of Energy, the National 

Science Foundation, and the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (Department of 

Commerce).

Interdisciplinary Science Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

Mostly competitive 

awards

Climate Change Science Program 

(CCSP) participating agencies and 

Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science 

and Technology (JSOST) participating 

agencies

Ozone Trends Science Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

GSFC and LaRC Climate Change Science Program 

(CCSP) participating agencies and 

Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science 

and Technology (JSOST) participating 

agencies.

Carbon Cycle Science Team Earth Science Theme, 

Science Mission 

Directorate

GSFC, JPL, ARC Climate Change Science Program 

(CCSP) participating agencies and 

Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science 

and Technology (JSOST) participating 

agencies

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Earth Science Theme manages the Research Program. GSFC implements Scientific Computing 

and ARC implements HECC.

SCI-20
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Research

Relevance NAC Earth 

Science 

Subcommittee

2008 The NASA Advisory Council Science 

Subcommittee reviews content and progress 

towards Earth Science sub-goal in the NASA 

Strategic Plan of at least one Science Focus 

Area per year. During its 2008 meeting, the ESS 

reviewed and rated the ESD Science Metrics 

based on the submitted accomplishments and 

peer-reviewed publications for FY2008. All six 

Science Focus Area metrics were rated "green" 

as documented in the FY2008 Annual 

Performance Report (APR).

2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The Earth Science Research Program is based on full and open competition. Grants are peer 

reviewed and selected based on NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences 

(ROSES)and other related announcements.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-21
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-22
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

184.6 185.4 201.1 188.9 150.5 153.7 --

Decadal Survey Missions 33.0 103.2 116.2 150.0 250.2 290.7 --

NPOESS Preparatory Project 

(NPP)

70.0 94.4 46.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 --

Landsat Data Continuity 

Mission (LDCM)

133.0 139.4 127.1 96.0 11.3 2.7 --

Glory Mission 35.2 29.7 9.1 9.8 2.7 0.0 --

Global Precipitation 

Measurement (GPM)

74.4 125.8 161.7 129.8 140.0 113.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

530.1 677.9 661.5 583.2 563.6 569.6 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

180.1 206.9 186.3 198.9 186.0 187.5 190.8

Decadal Survey Missions 16.8 82.3 0.0 10.9 8.8 161.1 374.6

Soil Moisture Active and 

Passive (SMAP)

9.6 104.3 70.0 132.2 180.4 135.0 40.0

Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation 

Satellite (ICESat-II)

9.6 38.8 39.2 74.6 99.1 126.9 161.7

NPOESS Preparatory Project 

(NPP)

46.1 57.1 112.8 33.8 5.3 5.2 5.1

Landsat Data Continuity 

Mission (LDCM)

127.3 200.9 120.6 137.4 165.0 90.0 15.0

Glory Mission 82.3 50.7 27.1 10.1 4.4 1.9 0.0

Global Precipitation 

Measurement (GPM)

74.4 157.8 159.5 127.6 137.5 111.2 80.4

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

546.1 898.9 715.5 725.4 786.4 818.8 867.6

Changes from FY 2009 Request 16.0 221.0 54.0 142.3 222.8 249.2 --

Note: Includes $200.3M in Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-23
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

The Earth Systematic Missions (ESM) Program provides a number of Earth-observing satellites that 

contribute to the provision of long-term environmental data sets that can be used to study the 

evolution of the Earth system on a range of temporal scales. This information is used to analyze, 

model, and improve understanding of the Earth system. Data gathered by these spacecraft will 

enable improved predictions of climate, weather, and natural hazards. NASA works with the science 

community to identify science questions on the frontiers of science that have profound societal 

importance, and to which on-going remote sensing of the Earth can make a defining contribution. 

These science questions become the foundation of a research strategy, which defines requirements 

for scientific observations through the vantage point of space. Each of Earth Science's six focus areas 

has an implementation roadmap that shows what role space-based observations play in meeting 

overall science objectives. The six Earth Science focus areas are as follows: (1) Climate variability 

and change; (2) Atmospheric composition; (3) Carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; (4) 

Water and energy cycles; (5) Weather; and (6) Earth surface and interior. This effort also provides 

techniques and technologies that can be employed to predict climate, weather and natural hazards on 

planets we plan to explore.







For more information, see http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/earth.html.

Program Overview

SCI-24
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

As a result of the funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and a 

significant commitment by the new Administration to Earth Science in FY 2010-14, significant 

progress can be made towards the goals identified in the National Research Council (NRC) 2007 

report, "Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and 

Beyond". The Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) and Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 

(ICESat II) missions will be pursued aggressively, leading to projected launches in late 2013/early 

2014 and late 2014/early 2015 respectively. Studies of the next two Decadal Survey missions, the 

Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) and the Deformation, 

Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI), will also intensify.







Also in response to the NRC report, NASA is initiating a new series of competed "Venture-class" 

missions. These missions, which may include suborbital payloads, instruments to be flown on nonNASA spacecraft, or small dedicated spacecraft, will be selected via an Announcement of 

Opportunity. Selection of the first Venture-class mission(s) is planned for FY 2010.







NASA has also begun development of the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instrument, which is now 

fully funded within the LDCM Project.







The following other activities will be undertaken in FY 2010:







- GPM will complete its Preliminary Design Review followed by Confirmation Review and KDP-C,



- NPP will complete its satellite pre-environmental review,



- Glory will have its Launch Readiness Review, followed by the launch of the spacecraft, and



- LDCM will complete its instrument Critical Design Review and Mission Critical Design Review.







Nine of the ten operating spacecraft in the Earth Systematic Mission program were reviewed in 2007 

as part of the biennial Senior Review. (Aura is still in its prime mission phase and was not reviewed. 

The EP/TOMS mission was decommissioned in early 2007 and was not a part of the Senior Review.) 

All nine missions were extended for the FY 2008 - FY 2009 period, with some modifications to their 

mission implementation plans. All missions including Aura will be a part of the 2009 Senior Review.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-25
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission will provide new information on global soil 

moisture and its freeze/thaw state enabling new advances in hydrospheric science and applications. 

Direct measurements of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state are needed to improve understanding of 

regional and global water cycles, terrestrial ecosystems, and the processes that link the water, 

energy, and carbon cycles. Soil moisture and freeze/thaw information provided by SMAP will lead to 

improved weather forecasts, flood and drought forecasts, and predictions of agricultural productivity 

and climate change, as well as improved understanding of the sources and sinks of carbon. 

Additional SMAP information is available under the Formulation section.

Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP)

ICESat-II, currently in formulation, is the planned follow-on mission to ICESAT. Additional ICESat-II 

information is available under the Formulation section.

Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-II)

NPP is a preparatory mission for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite 

System (NPOESS) and will provide global imagery in a number of visible and infrared frequency 

bands, collect ozone data, and provide improved measurements of temperature and moisture 

profiles in the atmosphere. The science focus areas served by NPP will include: atmospheric 

composition; climate variability and change; carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; water 

and energy cycles; and weather. Additional NPP information is available under the Development 

section.

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will provide visible and near-infrared images of the Earth 

surface in approximately nine frequency bands, with 30-meter resolution. LDCM will enable crosssensor comparison of data from within the Landsat series. The science focus areas served by LDCM 

will include: carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; and earth surface and interior. LDCM is 

being undertaken by NASA as a stand-alone "free-flyer" mission, planned for launch as soon as 

possible to provide continuity of Landsat data. Additional LDCM information is available under the 

Development section.

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Glory will provide measurements of global distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols from 

varying angles, in numerous spectral bands with multiple polarizations, as well as total solar 

irradiance measurements. The science focus areas served by Glory will include: atmospheric 

composition; carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; climate variability and change; and 

water and energy cycles. Additional Glory information is available under the Development section.

Glory Mission

Extending precipitation measurements beyond the current Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 

(TRMM), GPM will provide: near-global measurements of precipitation, its distribution, and physical 

processes; rain rates and latent heating measurement; and more frequent and complete sampling of 

Earth's precipitation. The science focus areas served by GPM will include: climate variability and 

change; water and energy cycles; and weather. Additional GPM information is available under the 

Development section.

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission

SCI-26
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) - OSTM was launched June 20, 2008. The satellite 

measures sea surface height to an accuracy of less than four centimeters every 10 days. The 

science focus areas served by OSTM will include: climate variability and change; and water and 

energy cycles. This mission is a follow-on to Jason, and is currently in its prime phase through June 

2011. 







Terra - Terra collects global data on the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their 

interactions with solar radiation and with one another. The science focus areas served by Terra 

include: atmospheric composition; carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; climate 

variability and change; earth surface and interior; water and energy cycles; and weather. Terra is a 

joint mission with Japan and Canada.







Aqua - Aqua monitors atmospheric, land, ocean, and ice variables for improved understanding of the 

Earth's water cycle and improved understanding of the intricacies of the climate system. The science 

focus areas served by Aqua include: atmospheric composition; carbon cycle, ecosystems, and 

biogeochemistry; climate variability and change; water and energy cycles; and weather. Aqua is a 

joint mission with Brazil and Japan. 







Aura - Aura measures atmospheric chemical composition, tropospheric/stratospheric exchange of 

energy and chemicals, chemistry-climate interactions, and air quality. The science focus areas 

served by Aura include: atmospheric composition; climate variability and change; and weather. Aura 

is a joint mission with the Netherlands, Finland, and the United Kingdom. 







Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) - TRMM measures precipitation, clouds, lightning, and 

radiation processes over tropical regions. TRMM is one of several spacecraft currently extending the 

long-term radiation budget record begun in the mid-1980s. The science focus areas served by 

TRMM include: climate variability and change; water and energy cycles; and weather. TRMM is a 

joint mission with Japan.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

This project supports missions that begin formulation in the near future to implement systematic 

measurements in response to Tier 1 and Tier 2 priorities suggested by the National Research 

Council's Earth Science Decadal Survey.

Decadal Survey Missions

SCI-27
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite (ACRIMSat) - ACRIMSat monitors total solar 

irradiance. The science focus areas served by ACRIMSat include: climate variability and change; 

and water and energy cycles. Because ACRIMSAT has continued to operate beyond its original 

planned base mission, it now provides similar measurements to its operating follow-on mission, 

SORCE.







Quick Scatterometer (QuickSCAT) - QuickSCAT measures ocean surface wind vectors using the 

SeaWinds instrument. The science focus areas served by QuikSCAT include: climate variability and 

change; and weather. 







Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) - The EO-1 spacecraft collects data to allow paired scene comparisons 

between the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) and the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus 

(ETM+). The science focus areas served by EO-1 include: carbon cycle, ecosystems, and 

biogeochemistry; and earth surface and interior.







Ice, Clouds, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) - ICESat measures elements of ice-sheet mass 

balance, cloud-top and land-surface topography, and vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud properties. 

The science focus areas served by ICESat include: climate variability and change; earth surface and 

interior; and water and energy cycles.







Jason - Jason monitors ocean height to support the study of ocean circulation. The science focus 

areas served by Jason include: climate variability and change; and water and energy cycles. Jason is 

a joint mission with France.







Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) - SORCE measures the total and spectral solar 

irradiance incident at the top of Earth's atmosphere. The science focus areas served by SORCE 

include: atmospheric composition; climate variability and change; and water and energy cycles.







Instrument Science Teams - Instrument science teams help define the scientific requirements for 

their respective instruments and generate the algorithms used to process the data into useful data 

products for the investigations. Additionally, the science teams are responsible for validating their 

own algorithms and data products. The Earth Systematic Missions Program is supported by the 

Precipitation Science Team, the Ocean Winds Science Team, and the Landsat Science Project 

Office.







Earth Systematic Missions Senior Review Competed Science - NASA's Earth Science Division uses 

Senior Reviews, which are held every two years, to assess the relative science value of missions in 

operation. These reviews are competitive in nature and serve as the basis for determining whether a 

mission which has completed its current approved phase should be extended.







Earth Science Program Management - Provides program management support for Earth Science 

missions, investigations, and activities. Additionally, provides funding for the Earth Systematic 

Missions (ESM) Program Office and the Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Program Office, 

which assist in the overall management and execution of the Earth Science formulation, 

development, and operating missions.

Other Missions and Data Analysis (continued)

SCI-28
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Earth Observation Systems (EOS) Research - The EOS research project funds science for the EOS 

missions, currently Terra, Aqua, Aura, ICESAT I and Land Cover missions. These individualinvestigator, competitively selected research projects analyze data from the missions to address the 

related science questions, especially focussed on the earth's polar regions. Some funded projects 

continue algorithm improvement and validation for the EOS Instruments data products, while overall 

the selected activities focus on science data analyses and the development of Earth System Data 

Records ( ESDRs), including Climate Data Records (CDRs) relevant to NASA's research program. 

Studies using ICESat I and CryoSat-2 are solicited in the ROSES 2009 sub-element. CryoSat-2 is a 

European Space Agency satellite that is due to be launched in 2009 and will be operating in the 

observational gap between ICESat I and ICESat II.







Earth Systematic Missions (ESM) Research - The ESM research project funds science teams for the 

Earth Systematic missions, currently NPP and Glory missions. These are individual investigator 

competitively selected research to analyze data from the missions to address the related science 

questions. In particular, the NPP science investigations are focused on developing climate data 

records from EOS observations continued by the NPOESS operational observing system. The first 

science for the Glory mission is solicited in ROSES 2009 sub-element.







Ocean Vector Winds Science Team (OVWST) - This project utilizes scientific data received from the 

QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) Mission satellite which measures ocean surface wind vectors by 

sensing ripples caused by winds near the ocean's surface, from which scientists can compute the 

winds' speed and direction, acquiring hundreds of times more observations of surface wind velocity 

each day than can ships and buoys. Previously this project was associated with the Earth Systematic 

Mission area wherein the QuikSCAT mission is managed. Beginning in fiscal year 2010, the Ocean 

Vector Winds Science Team moves into the Research Program to better align competed science 

research activities.







Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST) - This project utilizes scientific data received 

from the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) satellite which measures global sea surface 

height. Previously this project was associated with the Earth Systematic Mission area wherein the 

OSTM mission is managed. Beginning in fiscal year 2010, the Ocean Surface Topography Science 

Team moves into the Research Program to better align competed science research activities.







Precipitation Science Team - This project utilizes scientific data received from the Tropical Rainfall 

Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to improve the forecasting of weather and severe storm events. 

Previously this project was associated with the Earth Systematic Mission area wherein the TRMM is 

managed. Beginning in fiscal year 2010, the Precipitation Science Team moves into the Research 

Program to better align competed science research activities.

Data collection. EO-1 Same

Complete planned operations of currently 

operating missions.

Operating missions Same

Launch 2 additional Earth Systematic Mission 

(ESM) missions.

Glory Glory launch is now in 2010 and 

NPP launch is now in 2011.

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-29
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Quick Scatterometer 

(QuikSCAT)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-99 Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

Active Cavity 

Radiometer Irradiance 

Monitor Satellite 

(ACRIMSat)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-99 Sep-09

Sep-11

Form

Tropical Rainfall 

Measuring Mission 

(TRMM)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-97 Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

Aura Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jul-04 Jul-10

Jul-12

Form

Aqua Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

May-02 Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

Terra Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-99 Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

NPOESS Preparatory 

Project (NPP)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-03

Jan-11

Jan-11

Jan-16

Form Mar-00 Nov-03

Ocean Surface 

Topography Mission 

(OSTM)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-06

Jul-08

Jun-08

Jul-11

Form Dec-02 Mar-06

ICESat-II Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-12

Oct-14

Sep-14

Dec-18

Form Jun-09 Aug-12

SMAP Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-10

Oct-13

Sep-13

Mar-16

Form Sep-08 Apr-10

Landsat Data 

Continuity Mission 

(LDCM)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-07

Dec-12

Nov-12

Jul-17

Form Oct-03 Feb-05

Glory Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-05

Jan-10

Jan-10

Mar-12

Form Oct-03 Nov-05

Global Precipitation 

Measurement Mission 

(GPM)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-08

Jul-13

Jun-13

Jul-16

Form Jul-02 Oct-08

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-30
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Solar Radiation and 

Climate Experiment 

(SORCE)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-03 Sep-11

Form

Ice, Clouds, and Land 

Elevation Satellite 

(ICESat)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-03 Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

Jason Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-01 Sep-11

Form

Earth Observing-1 (EO1)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-00 Sep-11

Form

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Development (Dev)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

SCI-31
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Program Management

Aqua GSFC GSFC The National Space Development 

Agency (NASDA, now part of the 

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 

or JAXA) provided the Advanced 

Microwave Scanning Radiometer for 

the Earth Observing System (AMSRE) instrument. Brazil's Instituto 

Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 

(INPE, the Brazilian Institute for Space 

Research) provided the Humidity 

Sounder for Brazil (HSB) instrument.

Glory GSFC GSFC None.

LDCM GSFC GSFC USGS - provides data 

processing/distribution and on-orbit 

operations for LDCM.

Terra GSFC GSFC Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade 

and Industry (METI) provided the 

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal 

Emission and Reflection Radiometer 

(ASTER). The Canadian Space 

Agency provided the Measurements of 

Pollution in The Troposphere 

(MOPITT) instrument.

GPM GSFC GSFC JAXA - provides the dual frequency 

precipitation radar and a launch 

vehicle for GPM.

OSTM JPL JPL CNES - provides spacecraft, 2 core 

instruments, and data processing for 

OSTM. NOAA provides data 

processing/distribution, ground 

stations, and on-orbit operations. 

EUMETSAT provides a ground station 

and data processing/distribution.

NPP GSFC GSFC NOAA/IPO - provides 3 of 4 

instruments and ground system for 

NPP.

ICESat-II GSFC GSFC TBD

SMAP JPL JPL/GSFC TBD

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

GSFC manages NPP, LDCM, Glory, GPM, Terra, Aqua, Aura, TRMM, EO-1, SORCE, ICESat, and 

ICESat-II. JPL manages OSTM, ACRIMSat, SMAP, QuikSCAT, and Jason.

SCI-32
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

TRMM GSFC GSFC The Japan Aerospace Exploration 

Agency (JAXA) provided the 

Precipitation Radar (PR) instrument 

and the launch vehicle (an H-II F6).

ACRIMSat JPL JPL None.

Aura GSFC GSFC The National Environmental Research 

Council of the United Kingdom funded 

the High Resolution Dynamics Limb 

Sounder (HIRDLS); the instrument 

was designed by universities and 

laboratories in the U.K. and the U.S., 

including the University of Colorado, 

Oxford University, the National Center 

for Atmospheric Research (U.S.), and 

the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 

(U.K.). The University of Edinburgh 

(U.K.) contributed to data processing 

algorithms and validation for the 

Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The 

Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) 

was built by Dutch Space and TNO 

TPD in the Netherlands in cooperation 

with Finnish VTT and Patria Advanced 

Solutions Ltd. KNMI (Royal 

Netherlands Meteorological Institute) is 

the Principal Investigator Institute. 

Overall responsibility for OMI lies with 

the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace 

Programmes (NIVR), with the 

participation of the Finnish 

Meteorological Institute (FMI).

Jason JPL JPL The French Centre National d'Etudes 

Spatiales (CNES, the National Center 

for Space Studies) is responsible for 

the Doppler Orbitography and 

Radiopositioning Integrated by 

Satellite (DORIS) instrument; THALES 

built the instrument, and SMP provided 

the ground beacons. The CNES is 

also responsible for the Poseidon-2 

nadir-viewing radar altimeter; Alcatel 

Space Industries was prime contractor 

for the instrument.

ICESat GSFC GSFC None.

QuikSCAT JPL JPL None.

EO-1 GSFC GSFC None.

SORCE GSFC GSFC None.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

SCI-33
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Quality Senior Review 

Panel

4/2007 2007 Senior Review- All operating Earth 

Sytematic Missions except for Aura underwent 

this review. All missions were extended with 

modifications to their mission budgets.

04/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The LDCM instrument was selected through open competition in FY 2007. The Ball Aerospace and 

Technologies Corporation will build the Operational Land Imaging (OLI) instrument for LDCM. LDCM 

spacecraft used Rapid Spacecraft Development Office selection, and selected General Dynamics.







NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP): Spacecraft, ATMS, and CERES were procured competitively. 

The VIIRS, OMPS, and CrIS were procured competitively via the NPOESS Integrated Program 

Office. The procurement award for each element was as follows:



 



Ball Aerospace: Spacecraft and Ozone Mapping Profile Suite Development



NG Electronic Systems: Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Development



ITT Aerospace: Cross-track Infrared Sounder Development



Raytheon: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Development



NG Space Technology: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Development



Raytheon: Ground systems and operations. 







The GPM instrument was selected through open competition in FY 2005. The Ball Aerospace and 

Technologies Corporation will build the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument for GPM. The 

GPM Core Spacecraft will be an in-house development at GSFC. The Dual-frequency Precipitation 

Radar (DPR) instrument and launch vehicle for the Core Spacecraft will be provided by a foreign 

partner, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Constellation Spacecraft will be acquired 

by open competition through the GSFC Rapid Spacecraft Development Office. Its launch vehicle will 

be acquired via competitive process by Kennedy Space Center. The ground systems for both 

spacecraft will be selected through open competition.







Senior Reviews are held every two years to assess the relative science value of missions in 

operation. In FY 2007, all operating Earth Systematic Missions other than Aura went through the 

competitive Senior Review process to determine whether they should enter an extended mission 

phase after their current missions have been completed. Preparations are underway for the 2009 

Senior Reviews in which 13 operating missions will be evaluated.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-34
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: Glory Mission

Cost growth since the FY 2009 Budget is related to the launch delay from March 2009 to January 

2010. The reasons for the launch delay, and associated cost growth, were addressed in NASA's 

Glory Project Cost and Schedule Analysis Report (CSAR) to Congress, as required by Section 103(d)

(2) of the NASA Authorization Act of 2005.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 -4.6 2.6 0.3 1.7 1.9 -- 0.0 1.9

Development / 

Implementation

-0.7 47.1 25.6 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 87.4

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

Other -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

-0.8 47.1 21.0 18.0 0.3 1.7 1.9 -- 0.0 89.2

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 4.6 9.1 9.8 2.7 0.0 -- 0.0 26.2

Development / 

Implementation

148.4 35.2 25.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 208.7

Formulation 70.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 70.8

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

219.2 35.2 29.7 9.1 9.8 2.7 0.0 -- 0.0 305.7

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 10.1 4.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.1

Development / 

Implementation

147.7 82.3 50.7 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 296.1

Formulation 70.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.8

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

218.5 82.3 50.7 27.1 10.1 4.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 395.0

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-35
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: Glory Mission

The Glory mission will contribute to NASA's research regarding the atmospheric conditions that 

influence climate and improve understanding of the natural and man-made factors that contribute to 

climate change. It will also enable a greater understanding of the seasonal variability of aerosol 

properties. Both advances are essential components of predicting climate change. Solar radiation is 

the dominant, direct energy input into the terrestrial ecosystem, affecting all physical, chemical, and 

biological processes. Aerosols interact with atmospheric conditions in complex ways that can have 

large effects on climate. 







Glory's science objectives are to: 



* Determine the global distribution, microphysical properties, and chemical composition of natural and 

anthropogenic aerosols and clouds with accuracy and coverage sufficient for a reliable quantification 

of the aerosol direct and indirect effects on climate.



* Continue measurement of the total solar irradiance to determine the Sun's direct and indirect effect 

on Earth's climate.







For more on the scientific questions addressed by Glory, visit http://glory.gsfc.nasa.gov/.

Project Purpose

The Glory mission will operate two scientific instruments aboard a preexisting NASA spacecraft asset 

requiring minor modification. The Glory satellite will fly in NASA's low Earth orbit Afternoon, or A-Train, 

constellation to enhance the utility of the mission data through synergistic observations and 

measurements from the other satellites. The A-Train constellation currently includes five spacecraft 

flying in close temporal proximity to each other, providing detailed observations of the Earth system. 

The Glory spacecraft will be the seventh satellite in the A-Train when it joins the constellation in 2009.







The Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor is an advanced polarimeter which will provide measurements that 

increase our understanding of black carbon soot and other aerosols as causes of climate change. The 

APS will provide unprecedented measurements of the global distribution of natural and anthropogenic 

aerosols and clouds with accuracy and coverage sufficient for a reliable quantification of the aerosol 

direct and indirect effects on climate. The APS is being developed by Raytheon Space and Airborne 

Systems, El Segundo, California.







The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) instrument provides measurement continuity for the 28-year solar 

irradiance data record by extending the measurement currently provided by NASA's Solar Radiation 

and Climate Experiment (SORCE). University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space 

Physics is developing the TIM sensor, the instrument's Sun pointing platform, and the TIM science 

operations center.







Orbital Science Corporation, Dulles, Virginia, is developing the spacecraft and the ground 

system/mission operations center, and will integrate the instruments. Orbital also provides mission 

systems engineering support and performs mission operations.







Kennedy Space Center is responsible for Glory launch services. The mission will launch on a Taurus 

XL from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

Project Parameters

SCI-36
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: Glory Mission

Schedule Commitments

Launch 12/2008 3/2009 1/2010

Mission Pre-ship review 8/2008 1/2009 1/2009

Mission Confirmation Review 11/2005 12/2005 12/2005

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Glory was confirmed for development on December 13, 2005.

Project Commitments

Launch vehicle Orbital Taurus XL Same Same

Data Archive

GSFC Earth Science 

Distributed Active 

Archive Center (GES 

DAAC)

Archival and distribution of 

mission data Same Same

Mission Ops Orbital

Operations of the 

spacecraft and the 

generation of command 

uplink

Same Same

Ground System Ops, 

TIM Science Ops, APS 

Science Ops

Orbital / Colorado 

University-Boulder 

LASP /GSFC Institute for 

Space Studies

Combination of the 

commercial ground stations 

and the networks that 

connect them

Same

Full APS sci. data 

process. 1 yr, data 

archival remaining 2 

yrs, full TIM sci. data 

process. 3 yrs

Spacecraft Orbital

Refurbishment of the 

Vegetation Canopy Lidar 

(VCL) mission bus

Same Same

Aerosol Polarimetry 

Sensor (APS) Raytheon

Provide unprecedented 

measurements of the 

global distribution of natural 

and anthropogenic 

aerosols

Same Same

Total Irradiance 

Monitor (TIM) U of Colorado LASP Maintain an uninterrupted solar irradiance data record Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Glory will launch in January 2010 to begin a three-year prime mission (with a five-year goal) to gather 

scientific measurements of atmospheric aerosols and solar irradiance.

SCI-37
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: Glory Mission

Glory Mission 2008 259.1 2009 296.1 14 Launch 

Readiness 6/15/2009 1/23/2010 7

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other Direct Project Cost 40.2 47.5 7.3

Science/Technology 10.3 12.2 1.9

Ground Systems 0.9 1.1 0.2

Launch Vehicle/Services 55.4 55.4 0.0

Systems I&T 3.2 3.8 0.6

Payloads 117.4 138.6 21.2

Aircraft/Spacecraft 31.7 37.5 5.8

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 259.1 296.1 37.0

The base year development cost estimate below is consistent with the revised baseline reported in 

the Glory Project Cost and Schedule Analysis Report (CSAR) to Congress. At that time, the launch 

date was estimated to be June 2009. Cost growth since that time is due to the additional delay until 

November 2009. The Project is making good progress towards the new launch date.

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-38
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: Glory Mission

APS Instrument Instrument contractor poor 

performance will cause 

increased cost and possible 

impact to launch readiness 

date.

HQ and GSFC implementing DPMC replan of April 2008. The 

project is monitoring contractor performance trends, and 

assisting the instrument provider with technical, planning, and 

management expertise.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

All major procurements for the directed Glory Mission were sole-source awarded to meet the 

objective for an accelerated mission.







Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems.



Total Irradiance Monitor: University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics.



Spacecraft/spacecraft support: Orbital Science Corporation.







There are no remaining major procurements, as all instrument and spacecraft contracts are in place.

Acquisition Strategy

TIM GSFC GSFC None

APS GSFC GSFC None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center has Project Management responsibility. The Science Mission 

Directorate Program Management Council has program oversight responsibility.







The Earth Science Division Director is the responsible official for this project.

Performance NASA HQ 04/2008

DPMC Mission Continuation Review -

Directorate review of Project replan (incl. 

corrective actions, risk mitigations, revised cost 

estimates). Replan approved May 2008, 

changing LRD from 12/2008 to 6/2009 (LRD will 

now be later then 6/2009). 6/2009 is the Flight 

Operations Review.

06/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-39
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

The changes to the NPP budget are due to the launch delay from June 2010 until January 2011, 

primarily caused by late delivery of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.6 -3.6 -4.0 -- -5.4 -11.5

Development / 

Implementation

-11.6 -23.9 -37.3 66.5 28.8 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 22.5

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- -0.1 0.0

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

-11.6 -23.9 -37.3 66.5 25.2 -3.6 -4.0 -- -5.5 11.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 8.9 9.2 -- 11.4 38.1

Development / 

Implementation

506.8 70.0 94.4 46.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 717.5

Formulation 47.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 47.7

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

554.5 70.0 94.4 46.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 -- 11.4 803.3

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.1 6.0 26.6

Development / 

Implementation

495.2 46.1 57.1 112.8 28.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740.0

Formulation 47.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

542.9 46.1 57.1 112.8 33.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 6.0 814.3

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is overstated by $14.9M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and 

the April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of the initial operating plan, the estimated NPP lifecycle cost will be 

$799.4M, and the estimated Development cost will be $725.1M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-40
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) is a joint mission with National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration and the U.S. Air Force to extend key environmental measurements. The satellite will 

provide atmospheric and sea surface temperatures, humidity sounding, land and ocean biological 

productivity, cloud and aerosol properties, and earth radiation budget measurements. 







The NPP mission has two objectives: Provide a continuation of global change observations following 

the Earth Observing System missions Terra and Aqua, and provide the National Polar-orbiting 

Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) with risk-reduction demonstration and 

validation for the critical NPOESS sensors, algorithms, and ground processing. 







For more information, visit the following website: http://jointmission.gsfc.nasa.gov

Project Purpose

The NPP spacecraft is based on a modified Ball Commercial Platform 2000 bus with a five-year 

design life. The NPP orbit is a polar, Sun-synchronous orbit at a nominal altitude of 824 kilometers. 

Four of the instruments are newly developed sensors based on heritage NASA sensors. The 

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is being developed by NASA, and three of the 

instruments (Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), 

and Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite (OMPS)) are being developed by the NPOESS Integrated 

Program Office (IPO). A fifth sensor, the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) 

was a spare sensor developed by NASA for the Earth Observing System (EOS) program.

Project Parameters

SCI-41
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Project Commitments

Clouds and the Earth's 

Radiant Energy 

System (CERES)

NG Space Technology

Provide Earth radiation 

budget measurements in 

shortwave (0.3-5micron) 

and longwave (8-12 

micron) bands

New

Advanced Technology 

Microwave Sounder 

(ATMS)

NG Electronic Systems

Temperature and moisture 

profiles at 22 channels / 23-

183 ghz.

Same Same

Launch vehicle Boeing Delta II 7920. Same Same

Spacecraft Ball Aerospace

5-year design life, mass is 

2228 kg, Power 1400 

watts.

Same Same

Ground system Raytheon

Command, Control, and 

Communication Segment 

(C3S) and Interface Data 

Processing Segment 

(IDPS).

Same Same

Cross-Track Infrared 

Sounder (CrIS) ITT Aerospace

Temperature and moisture 

profiles at 3.9-15.4 

microns.

Same Same

Visible Infrared 

Imaging Radiometer 

Suite (VIIRS)

Raytheon SBRS

Provide global imagery in 

visible and infrared 

frequency bands: 0.3 to 14 

microns / 400 m resolution.

Same Same

Ozone Mapping and 

Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace

Collection of total column 

and vertical profile ozone 

data with 300-380 nm / 

LIMB 290-1000 nm .

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

NPP will launch in January 2011 and undertake the following scientific measurements over its fiveyear operating life: atmospheric and sea surface temperatures, humidity soundings, land and ocean 

biological productivity, cloud and aerosol properties, and Earth radiation budget measurements.

SCI-42
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Schedule Commitments

Launch Oct 2006 Jun 2010 Jan 2011

Operations Readiness Review Jun 2006 Dec 2009 Dec 2009

CERES Flight Model Delivery N/A N/A Oct 2008

VIIRS Flight Model Delivery Nov 2005 Apr 2009 Nov 2009

OMPS Flight Model Delivery Sep 2005 Aug 2008 Aug 2008

ATMS Flight Model Delivery Apr 2005 Oct 2005 Oct 2005

CrIS Flight Model Delivery Oct 2005 May 2008 May 2008

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The NPP mission completed Mission Confirmation Review (MCR) in November 2003.

NPOESS 

Preparatory 

Project (NPP)

2006 592.9 2008 725.1 22 Launch 

Readiness 4/30/2008 1/31/2011 33

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Science/Technology 0.0 31.5 31.5

Other Direct Project Cost 117.6 224.3 106.7

Ground Systems 48.2 49.4 1.2

Launch Vehicle/Services 72.9 93.3 20.4

Payloads 194.2 162.3 -31.9

Aircraft/Spacecraft 160.0 164.3 4.3

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 592.9 725.1 132.2

The VIIRS sensor delivery from NASA's NPOESS partners continues to impact the NPP project. 

Ongoing issues with the VIIRS sensor development has caused the NPP launch to slip again. The 

revised NPP launch date is now January 2011 due to the late sensor delivery.

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-43
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Project Management

Spacecraft, ATMS, and CERES were procured competitively. The VIIRS, OMPS, and CrIS were 

procured competitively via the NPOESS Integrated Program Office.







The procurement award for each element was as follows: 



Ball Aerospace: Spacecraft and OMPS Development; 



NG Electronic Systems: ATMS Development; 



ITT Aerospace: Crls Development; 



Raytheon: VIIRS Development; 



NG Space Technology: CERES; and 



Raytheon: Ground systems and operations.

Acquisition Strategy

Ground Systems and Ops NPOESS-IPO None NOAA / DoD (NPOESS-IPO)

Data archive and storage GSFC None NOAA

CERES Refurbishment GSFC LaRC NOAA

VIIRS Development NPOESS-IPO None NOAA / DoD (NPOESS-IPO)

CrIS Development NPOESS-IPO None NOAA / DoD (NPOESS-IPO)

OMPS Development NPOESS-IPO None NOAA / DoD (NPOESS-IPO)

ATMS Development GSFC None None

Spacecraft GSFC None None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

GSFC is responsible for NPP project management. Agency PMC has program oversight 

responsibility. NOAA/DOD IPO is responsible for managing development of OMPS, CrIS and VIIRS 

instruments. Responsible official is the Earth Science Division Director.

Performance NPP IRT 10/2008 Mission Operations Review/Successfully 

completed. N/A

Performance NPP IRT N/A Operations Readiness Review 12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-44
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development: NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Instrument Delivery Delay Government has taken a 

hands-on approach to the day

-to-day management of 

VIIRS. The program has 

installed a Government 

Program Manager (GPM) at 

Raytheon to provide oversight 

and timely decisions. The 

GPM is an experienced 

NASA instrument manager.

NASA and NPOESS-IPO team working together to identify 

further work-arounds to minimize impacts.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

SCI-45
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 74.4 125.8 161.7 129.8 140.0 113.3 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 74.4 157.8 159.5 127.6 137.5 111.2 80.4

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

0.0 32.0 -2.2 -2.2 -2.5 -2.1 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-46
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will advance the measurement of global 

precipitation, making possible high spatial resolution precipitation measurements available at a threehour or less refresh rate over much of the globe. A joint mission with the Japan Aerospace Exploration 

Agency (JAXA), GPM will provide the first opportunity to calibrate measurements of global 

precipitation (including the distribution, amount, rate, and associated heat released) across tropic, mid

-latitude, and polar regions. 







The GPM mission has the following scientific objectives: 







(1) Advance precipitation measurement capability from space through combined use of active and 

passive remote-sensing techniques. These advanced measurements will be used to calibrate 

dedicated and operational passive microwave sensors with the goal of achieving global sampling. 



(2) Advance understanding of global water/energy cycle variability and fresh water availability. 

Improved measurements of the space-time variability of global precipitation will substantially close the 

water/energy budget and elucidate the interactions between precipitation and other climate 

parameters. 



(3) Improve climate prediction by providing the foundation for better understanding of surface water 

fluxes, soil moisture storage, cloud/precipitation microphysics and latent heat release in the Earth's 

atmosphere. 



(4) Advance Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) skills through more accurate and frequent 

measurements of instantaneous rain rates with better error characterizations, and the development of 

improved assimilation methods.



(5) Improve flood-hazard and fresh-water-resource prediction capabilities through better temporal 

sampling and wider spatial coverage of high-resolution precipitation measurements, and innovative 

designs in hydro-meteorological modeling. 







For more information see http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/earth.html.

Project Purpose

SCI-47
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

The GPM Project includes a Core Observatory Spacecraft and the Low-Inclination Observatory 

Spacecraft. The Core Observatory will leverage passive microwave measurements from other 

operating and planned "satellites of opportunity" by calibrating their measurements to its own. The 

exact sampling rate over different areas of the globe will depend on the number and orbits of the 

satellites of opportunity, but given the prevalence of passive microwave instruments on operational 

satellite systems, the global sampling will be robust.







The NASA Core Observatory will fly in a 65 degree inclined orbit at an altitude of 407 kilometers; the 

65 degree orbit provides improved latitude coverage over TRMM (which is 35 degrees). The Core 

Observatory includes two scientific instruments which will provide active and passive microwave 

measurements of precipitation. 







The JAXA-supplied Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR)instrument has cross-track swath widths 

of 245 km and 120 km, in Ku-band Ka-band, providing three-dimensional observation of rain and an 

accurate estimation of rainfall rate. The KuPR (13.6 GHz) subsystem of the DPR is an updated 

version of the highly successful radar flown on TRMM. 







The GPM Microwave Imager (GMI)instrument is a conically-scanning radiometer which will provide 

significantly improved spatial resolution over the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). 







The NASA Low-Inclination Observatory will fly in a 40 degree inclined orbit to improve real-time 

monitoring and prediction of hurricanes/typhoons; the satellites of opportunity will fly at multiple 

altitudes and inclinations.







The Core Observatory Spacecraft will be launched from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan on an HIIA launch vehicle. NASA's Low-Inclination Observatory Spacecraft will be launched from Cape 

Canaveral Air Force Station on a Taurus-XL class launch vehicle. The DPR and GMI data will be 

relayed using the TDRSS multiple access (MA) and single access (SA) service.

Project Preliminary Parameters

SCI-48
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

Launch Vehicle JAXA H-IIA Same Same

Dual-frequency 

Precipitation Radar 

(DPR)

JAXA

Provides cross-track swath 

widths of 245 km and 120 

km, for the Ku precipitation 

radar (KuPR) and Ka-band 

precipitation radar (KaPR).

Same

GPM Microwave 

Imager (GMI) GSFC

Provides 13 microwave 

channels ranging in 

frequency from 10 GHz to 

183 GHz; four high 

frequency, millimeter-wave, 

channels about 166 GHz 

and 183 GHz. 1.2 m 

diameter antenna

Same Same

Low-Inclination 

Observatory GSFC Provides platform for the second GMI instrument Same Same

Core Observatory GSFC

Provides platform for the 

GMI and JAXA-supplied 

DPR instruments

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The GPM Core Observatory is planned for a launch in July 2013 to begin a three-year prime mission 

(five-year goal), followed by a launch in November 2014 of the NASA Low-Inclination Observatory, a 

passive microwave spacecraft. When calibrated with existing and planned passive microwave 

measurements, GPM will provide global measurements of precipitation with a sampling frequency of 

three hours or less over much of the globe.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Low-Inclination Observatory launch readiness date 

(LRD) Jun 2014 Nov 2014

Core Observatory launch readiness date (LRD) Nov 2010 Jun 2013 Jul 2013

KDP-C Dec 2003 May 2009

Development

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

GPM entered formulation in July 2002. Milestone dates beyond the formulation phase are preliminary 

estimates pending completion of formulation.

SCI-49
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

Non-NASA Constellation 

elements

Exact global sampling 

depends on operations of 

"spacecraft of opportunity" 

that are not part of this 

project.

NASA is developing data algorithms that allow GPM to make 

the broadest possible use of microwave instruments on other 

spacecraft; NASA participates in inter-agency and 

international planning processes for operational Earth 

observation measurements to maximize the leverage 

opportunities for GPM.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

The GPM instrument was selected through open competition in FY 2005. The Ball Aerospace and 

Technologies Corporation will build the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument for GPM. The GPM 

core spacecraft will be an in-house development at GSFC. The DPR instrument and launch vehicle 

for the Core Observatory will be provided by a foreign partner (JAXA). The Low-Inclination 

Observatory will be acquired by open competition through the GSFC Rapid Spacecraft Development 

Office (RSDO). Its launch vehicle will be acquired via competitive process by KSC. The ground 

systems for both spacecraft will be selected through open competition.

Acquisition Strategy

Launch vehicle and 

services: Low-Inclination 

Observatory

GSFC KSC None

Launch vehicle and 

services: Core Observatory GSFC None JAXA

Low-Inclination 

Observatory: GMI GSFC GSFC None

Low-Inclination 

Observatory GSFC GSFC To Be Determined

Core Observatory: DPR GSFC GSFC JAXA

Core Observatory: GMI GSFC GSFC None

Core Observatory GSFC GSFC None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has project management responsibility. The Agency Program 

Management Council has program oversight responsibility.







The Earth Sciences Division Director is the responsible official for this project.

Performance IPAO 12/2005 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was 

successful. 11/2008

Performance IPAO 11/2008 Critical Design Review (CDR) 10/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-50
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 133.0 139.4 127.1 96.0 11.3 2.7 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 127.3 200.9 120.6 137.4 165.0 90.0 15.0

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

-5.7 61.6 -6.5 41.3 153.7 87.3 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-51
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Unprecedented changes in land cover and use are having profound consequences for weather and 

climate change, ecosystem function and services, carbon cycling and sequestration, resource 

management, the national and global economy, human health, and society. The Landsat data series, 

begun in 1972, is the longest continuous record of changes in Earth's surface as seen from space and 

the only satellite system designed and operated to repeatedly observe the global land surface at 

moderate resolution. Landsat data are available at an affordable cost, providing a unique resource for 

people who work in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global 

change research. 







The purpose of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is to extend the record of multi-spectral, 

moderate resolution Landsat-quality data, and to meet U.S. Government operational and scientific 

requirements for observing land use and land change.







For additional information, visit the LDCM Mission Home Page: http://ldcm.nasa.gov/

Project Purpose

LDCM is being formulated for a Launch Readiness Date (LRD) that will minimize a potential data gap 

in the archive due to the fuel-limited life of Landsat-7. Recent analyses by the USGS and NASA have 

estimated the Landsat-7 mission should continue to operate through at least the end of 2012. The 

LDCM mission completed its Initial Confirmation Review, also known as the KDP-B transition review, 

on September 25, 2008, and is currently planned to be launched in December 2012.



	



LDCM consists of a single science instrument (the Operational Land Imager), a spacecraft, and a 

mission operations ground system. The LDCM is in formulation and system level requirements are in 

development to provide the following system-level performance parameters:







- Earth Spatial-Temporal Coverage: 16-day repeat coverage of the global land mass. 







- Spatial Resolution: 30 meters.







- Radiometric Performance: accuracy, dynamic range, and precision sufficient to detect land cover 

change using historic Landsat data.







- Data: 185-km-cross-track-by-180-km-along-track multi-spectral image of Earth surface.







- Mission Life: five years. 







Starting in FY2009, NASA will develop a Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instrument, to be flown on 

LDCM or (potentially) some other spacecraft. A decision as to which spacecraft will carry TIRS will be 

made by summer of 2009. Meanwhile, funding for TIRS (approximately $150-175M) is now carried 

within the LDCM budget.

Project Preliminary Parameters

SCI-52
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Spacecraft General Dynamics

Provide performance and 

reliability commensurate 

with OLI data requirements.

Same Same

Launch Vehicle ULA Provide launch service 

access to space.

Same Same

Mission operations 

ground system Hammers Corporation

Provide capability for 

command and control, 

mission scheduling, longterm trending and analysis, 

and flight dynamics 

analysis.

Same Same

Operational Land 

Imager (OLI)

Ball Aerospace and 

Technology Corporation

Provide Landsat-equivalent 

data to extend the Landsat 

data of Earth's land surface 

for five years.

Same Provider chosen

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

LDCM will launch in 2012 and operate for a minimum of five years.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch Jan 2011 Jan 2011 Dec 2012

PSR May 2011 May 2011 Jun 2012

Critical Design Review (CDR) Feb 2009 Feb 2009 Apr 2010

Confirmation Review Jan 2008 Jan 2008 Dec 2009

Award OLI contract June 2007 June 2007 July 2007

Formulation

Development

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

In FY 2008, the LDCM Project awarded the LDCM spacecraft contract to General Dynamics and the 

Mission Operations Element (MOE) system development contract (in coordination with the USGS) to 

the Hammers Corporation, completing the mission complement. 







In FY 2009, the LDCM Project will complete the spacecraft and MOE PDR, and the mission PDR. 

The OLI will undergo critical design and fabrication in FY 2009 and 2010. System integration and test 

will begin in FY 2011. Observatory integration and testing, as well as environmental testing, will take 

place in FY 2011, and launch vehicle integration will begin at the start of FY 2012.

SCI-53
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Focal Plane Array (FPA) 

Development Risk

The technical risk in LDCM is 

low to moderate. The system 

component with the greatest 

associated risk is the Focal 

Plane Array (FPA). The FPA 

has proven flight heritage, but 

intrinsic development risk 

which could impact the LDCM 

schedule.

Risk mitigation strategies are based upon proven NASA 

methodologies that include the required instrument 

manufacturer risk mitigation strategy implementation and 

correlated Government expert oversight, an extensive peerreview process, enhanced FPA deliverables and test 

scenarios, and in-plant expert representation.

Manifest Uncertainty If direction is given to add a 

thermal infrared sensor 

(TIRS) instrument to the 

LDCM late, the change could 

significantly impact the 

mission design, cost, and 

delivery schedule.

The project office has taken steps to reduce the impact by 

adding extra capacity to the spacecraft specification to 

accommodate an extra instrument. The Earth Science 

Division has authorized engineering and technology risk 

reduction work on the most probable TIRS instrument 

approach, so that the instrument could be ready with minimal 

schedule impact to the LDCM mission.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

NASA's acquisition plan includes acquiring separate elements of the LDCM mission through open 

competition, with GSFC acting as the mission integrator and leading the element source selections. 

NASA has issued competitively selected contracts for the following major elements: to the Ball 

Aerospace and Technology Corporation for the development of the Operational Land Imager in July 

2007, to the General Dynamics Corporation for the development of the spacecraft in April 2008, and 

to the Hammers Corporation for the development of the MOE in September 2008.

Acquisition Strategy

Mission Operations GSFC GSFC U.S. Department of Interior-U.S. 

Geological Survey

Ground System GSFC GSFC U.S. Department of Interior-U.S. 

Geological Survey

Spacecraft GSFC GSFC None

Operational Land Imager GSFC GSFC None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center is responsible for project management. The Science Mission 

Directorate Program Management Council has program oversight responsibility. The Earth Science 

Division Director is the responsible official for this project.

Performance HQ and GSFC 9/2008 Systems Requirement Review (SRR) - 

Successful N/A

Performance HQ and GSFC N/A Mission Preliminary Design Review 7/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-54
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat II)

The Ice, Clouds, and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) satellite will continue the measurements 

begun with the ICESat mission, measuring elements of ice-sheet mass balance, cloud-top and landsurface topography, to quantify polar ice sheet contributions to current and recent sea level change 

and the linkages to climate conditions. In addition, ICESat-II will quantify regional signatures of ice 

sheet changes to assess mechanisms driving that change and improve predictive ice sheet models. 

The science focus areas served by ICESat include: climate variability and change; earth surface and 

interior; and water and energy cycles. 







The ICESat-II mission is one of four missions recommended for launch by NASA in the 2010-2013 

time frame by the National Research Council (NRC) report entitled, "Earth Science and Applications 

from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond". The ICESat-II mission will draw 

heavily from the original ICESat satellite launched in 2003 and still operating at the start of 2009. 



	



For more information see http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/icesat2

Project Purpose

The ICESat-II observatory employs a dedicated spacecraft with a single nadir pointing surface 

profiling lidar. It will be launched into a 94 deg, 91 day repeat frozen orbit.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 9.6 38.8 39.2 74.6 99.1 126.9 161.7

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

9.6 38.8 39.2 74.6 99.1 126.9 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Launch Vehicle TBD Competitively selected N/A New

Lidar Instrument GSFC Single beam profiling, nadir 

pointing N/A New

Spacecraft TBD Competitively selected N/A New

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

ICESat-II is still in pre-formulation and does not yet have an official launch date; however, the prePhase A target launch date is late 2014/early 2015 with a notional 3 year prime mission.

Estimated Project Deliverables

SCI-55
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat II)

Performance

ICESat-II 

Independent 

Review Team

N/A Mission Concept Review 07/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch readiness date (LRD) N/A New Late 2014/Early 

2015

KDP-A N/A N/A September 2009

Formulation

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

ICESat-II is still in pre-formulation. Milestone dates beyond the formulation phase are preliminary 

estimates pending completion of formulation.

Project Management

The ICESat-II lidar instrument will be built in-house at the GSFC. The spacecraft vendor will be 

competitively selected. The approach for the mission operations element has not yet been 

determined. The source and selection method for launch services will be determined later in 

formulation.

Acquisition Strategy

Launch Vehicle GSFC TBD TBD

Mission Operations GSFC TBD TBD

Lidar GSFC GSFC None

Spacecraft GSFC TBD TBD

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has project management responsibility. The Science 

Mission Directorate Program Management Council has programmatic oversight. The Earth Sciences 

Division Director is the responsible official for this project.

SCI-56
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP)

The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission will provide new information on global soil 

moisture and its freeze/thaw states enabling new advances in hydrospheric science and applications. 

Direct measurements of soil moisture and freeze/thaw states are needed to improve our 

understanding of regional and global water cycles, terrestrial ecosystems, and the processes that link 

the water, energy, and carbon cycles. Soil moisture and freeze/thaw information provided by SMAP 

will lead to improved weather forecasts, flood and drought forecasts, and predictions of agricultural 

productivity and climate change, as well as improved understanding of the sources and sinks of 

carbon. Soil moisture and soil freeze/thaw information is useful for many purposes, so the Mission will 

contribute to the goals of other Earth Science Focus Areas (Carbon Cycle, Ecosystem, Weather, and 

Climate). 







The SMAP mission is one of four missions recommended for launch by NASA in the 2010-2013 time 

frame by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) report entitled, "Earth Science and Applications 

from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond". SMAP is based on the soil 

moisture and freeze/thaw mission concept developed under the NASA Earth System Science 

Pathfinder (ESSP) Program Hydrosphere State (Hydros) project and builds on the Hydros formulation 

and technology risk mitigation studies conducted in 2003 - 2005. 



	



	For more information see http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/smap

Project Purpose

The SMAP observatory employs a dedicated spacecraft with an instrument suite that will be launched 

into a near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit on an expendable launch vehicle. The baseline SMAP 

instrument suite includes a radiometer and a synthetic aperture radar operating in the L-band range 

(1.20-1.41 GHz) designed to make coincident measurements of soil emission and backscatter and 

sense the top 5 cm of soil through moderate vegetation cover. These measurements will be analyzed 

to yield estimates of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state. The measurements will be acquired for a 

period of three years, and a comprehensive validation program will be used to assess random errors 

and regional biases in the soil moisture and freeze/thaw estimates.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 9.6 104.3 70.0 132.2 180.4 135.0 40.0

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

9.6 104.3 70.0 132.2 180.4 135.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-57
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP)

L-Band Synthetic 

Aperture Radar (SAR) JPL

Combined with Radiometer 

provides soil moisture 

measurements in the top 5 

cm of soil through 

moderate vegetation cover

N/A New

L-Band Radiometer GSFC

Combined with SAR 

provides soil moisture 

measurements in the top 5 

cm of soil through 

moderate vegetation cover

N/A New

Launch Vehicle TBD TBD N/A New

Spacecraft JPL Provides platform for the 

instrument N/A New

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

SMAP is planned for a launch in late 2013/early 2014 to begin a three-year prime mission. SMAP will 

make soil moisture measurements around the entire Earth every 3 days.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch readiness date (LRD) March 2013 Late 2013/Early 

2014

KDP-C April 2010 December 2010

Formulation

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

SMAP entered formulation in September 2008. Milestone dates beyond the formulation phase are 

preliminary estimates pending completion of formulation.

SCI-58
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Earth Science

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation: Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP)

Project Management

The SMAP Spacecraft will be built in-house at JPL. The SMAP instrument, combining the Synthetic 

Aperture Radar (SAR) and radiometer, will be integrated by JPL. The SAR will be built by JPL. The 

radiometer will be built by GSFC. The Deployable Antenna/Boom and instrument spin assemblies 

will be procured through an open competition. The source and selection method for launch services 

will be determined later in formulation.

Acquisition Strategy

Launch Vehicle JPL To be determined To be determined

L-Band Radiometer JPL GSFC None

L-Band Synthetic Aperture 

Radar (SAR) JPL JPL None

Spacecraft JPL JPL None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has project management responsibility for SMAP. The Science 

Mission Directorate Program Management Council has program oversight responsibility. 



The Earth Sciences Division Director is the responsible official.

Performance

SMAP 

Standing 

Review Board 

SRB

06/2008

Mission Concept Review - The SRB deemed 

that the SMAP project met the success criteria 

for the MCR.

02/2009

Performance

SMAP 

Standing 

Review Board 

SRB

02/2009 Mission Design Review-successfully completed. 05/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-59
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-60
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

The Earth System Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP) addresses unique, specific, highly-focused 

mission requirements in Earth Science research. ESSP includes a series of relatively low-tomoderate cost, small-to-medium sized, competitively selected, Principal Investigator-led missions. 

These missions, which are built, tested and launched in a short time interval, complement the larger 

Earth Systematic Missions (ESM). They are capable of supporting a variety of scientific objectives 

related to Earth science, including studies of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, polar ice regions, 

and solid Earth. Investigations include development and operation of remote-sensing instruments 

and the conduct of investigations using data from these instruments.







ESSP currently has one mission in development (Aquarius) and three operating missions (Gravity 

Recovery and Climate Experiment [GRACE], CloudSat, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared 

Pathfinder Satellite Observations [CALIPSO]). Future ESSP missions will be selected from proposals 

submitted in response to Announcements of Opportunity.







NASA is determining how best to meet the lost science contribution after the OCO launch vehicle 

failure. We have initiated studies to examine both science and hardware considerations. The 

science study is assessing the current state of carbon cycle science and existing measurements to 

see what course of action would best address the key science issues. On the hardware side, NASA 

is examining reflight opportunities, including, but not limited to, flying an OCO-like instrument on a 

shared platform or as a dedicated mission. 







ESSP supports missions that complement those of the larger Earth Systematic Missions which are 

designed to facilitate on-going or operational measurements.







For more information see http://earth.nasa.gov/essp/index.html/.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

29.6 29.4 21.9 30.8 46.0 52.0 --

Aquarius 48.6 33.8 27.9 5.1 4.0 2.9 --

Orbiting Carbon Observatory 

(OCO)

35.6 25.4 9.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

113.8 88.6 58.8 37.4 50.0 54.9 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

73.4 52.6 32.8 43.3 43.5 43.5 43.4

Venture Class Missions 0.0 21.0 12.9 79.2 66.5 75.1 75.7

Aquarius 33.4 44.7 18.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

106.8 118.3 63.9 128.8 114.2 121.4 119.1

Changes from FY 2009 Request -7.0 29.7 5.2 91.4 64.3 66.5 --

Note: Includes $36.6M in Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-61
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

The Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Program plans for FY10 include completion of 

Aquarius/SAC-D observatory environmental testing, Operational Readiness Review and mission 

launch. GRACE, CloudSat, and CALIPSO will continue operations as determined by the 2009 Senior 

Review process. ESSP will also begin the first phase of the Venture Class mission activities.

Plans For FY 2010

Senior Review (SR) to make recommendations 

on mission extensions

GRACE, CloudSat, and CALIPSO no change

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Included in this line item are three operating spacecraft:



- the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), launched in 2002, measures Earth's 

gravity field and its variations with time.



- CloudSat, launched in 2006, measures cloud characteristics to increase understanding of the role 

of optically thick clouds in Earth's radiation budget. 



- The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, 

launched in 2006, measures the vertical distribution of clouds and aerosols.







In addition, this line includes the ESSP research project which funds science teams for the ESSP 

missions. The science teams are comprised of competitively selected individual investigators who 

analyze data from the missions to address the related science questions.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

"Venture-class" Earth System Science Pathfinder missions have been established in response to the 

National Research Council's Earth Science Decadal Survey. Venture-class missions will be small, 

competed science investigations, and may include suborbital payloads; instruments to be flown on 

non-NASA spacecraft; and small, focused satellites.

Venture Class Missions

Aquarius will observe and model seasonal and year-to-year variations of sea-surface salinity and 

how these variations relate to changes in the water cycle and ocean circulation. The science focus 

areas served by Aquarius will include: climate variability and change; and water and energy cycles. 

Aquarius is currently in Phase C-D with a planned launch date of May, 2010 and 3 years of prime 

mission life. Additional detail can be found in the Aquarius section of this document.

Aquarius

SCI-62
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar 

and Infrared Pathfinder 

Satellite (CALIPSO)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-06 Apr-09

Apr-11

Form

CloudSat Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-06 Sep-11

Form

Gravity Recovery and 

Climate Experiment 

(GRACE)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-02 Sep-11

Form

Aquarius Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-05

May-10

Apr-10

May-13

Form Oct-03 Sep-05

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-63
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Program Management

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and 

Infrared Pathfinder Satellite 

Observations (CALIPSO)

Earth Science Division LaRC France's Centre National d'Etudes 

Spatiales (CNES, the National Center 

for Space Studies) and Alcatel; 

SODERN; Institut Pierre Simon 

Laplace, France.

CloudSat Earth Science Division JPL Canadian Space Agency; U.S. Air 

Force; Department of Energy.

Gravity Recovery and Climate 

Experiment (GRACE)

Earth Science Division JPL Deutches Zentrum fur Luft- und 

Raumfahrt (DLR, the German 

Aerospace Center); Office National 

d'Etudes et de Recherches 

Aerospatiale (ONERA) of France; 

GeoForschungsZentrum (German 

National Research Centre for 

Geosciences); National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration; National 

Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

Aquarius JPL JPL Argentina's Comision Nacional De 

Actividades Espaciales (CONAE), 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration, Naval Research 

Laboratory, National Center for 

Atmospheric Research.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Agency Program Management Council has program oversight responsibility.

SCI-64
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Quality Senior Review 

Panel

04/2007 GRACE and CloudSat were reviewed as part of 

the Earth Science biennial Senior Review 

process. Both missions were ranked very high 

for data quality and relevance to the NASA 

Earth Science Theme objectives.

04/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

ESSP program missions are selected competitively via Announcements of Opportunity (AO). The AO 

process uses peer review for the science content of the proposed missions, as well as thorough 

independent review of their technical, management, and cost elements.







In FY 2007, GRACE and CloudSat went through the biennial competitive Senior Review process and 

were approved for continued extended mission operations. 







GRACE Project Team: Amarillo Independent School District; Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns 

Hopkins University; Llano Independent School District, Messalonskee School System; GSFC, 

Center for Space Research; Univ. of Texas at Austin. Analytical Mechanics Associates; Elizabeth 

Board of Education, Killeen Independent School District; MIT, Dept of Earth, Atmospheric & 

Planetary Sciences; Mid-Prairie Community School District; KSC; LaRC; Space Systems Loral; 

Sunray Independent School District; Texas Space Grant Consortium; Univ. of Colorado, Physics 

Department; Ohio State Univ., Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Stanford 

Telecon; TRW; DJO, DASA, Jena-Optronik, Gm.







CloudSat Project Team: Colorado State Univ. PI and team, E&PO effort; Ball Aerospace ; 

Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA; Colorado State Univ.) operates Data 

Processing Center. LaRC Atmospheric Sciences Data Center delivers data products to CIRA. GSFC 

delivers data products to CIRA. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts met 

forecast data to CIRA. GLOBE program (Boulder, Colorado) prime education partner. USAF Space 

Test Program conducts mission operations out of Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM.







CALIPSO Project team: LaRC systems engineering, payload mission ops, science data validation, 

data processing and archiving. Ball Aerospace CALIOP and wide-field camera, payload integration, 

LV support, science data downlink. Hampton Univ. manages quid pro quo validation effort, E&PO 

effort, and leads International Science Advisory Pane

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-65
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development: Aquarius

The FY 2009 Budget for Aquarius reflected early estimates for the cost of the launch delay from July 

2009 to May 2010. While the launch remains planned for May 2010, current cost trends and revised 

estimates are lower than budgeted last year.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.2 -0.1 -- 0.0 2.1

Development / 

Implementation

-1.5 -15.2 10.9 -10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -16.3

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

-1.5 -15.2 10.9 -9.6 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -- 0.0 -14.2

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.1 4.0 2.9 -- 0.0 13.7

Development / 

Implementation

114.1 48.6 33.8 26.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 222.7

Formulation 35.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 35.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

149.7 48.6 33.8 27.9 5.1 4.0 2.9 -- 0.0 272.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 6.3 4.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 15.8

Development / 

Implementation

112.6 33.4 44.7 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 206.4

Formulation 35.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

148.2 33.4 44.7 18.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 257.8

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $2.2M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and 

the April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of NASA's Initial Operating Plan for FY 2009, the estimated lifecycle cost 

of Aquarius will be $260.0M, a reduction of $12.0M from last year's estimate; the estimated Development cost will be $208.6M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-66
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development: Aquarius

Project Commitments

Operations CONAE Command and telemetry Same Same

Launch Vehicle Boeing Delta II Same Same

Data Management GSFC N/A Same Same

Spacecraft CONAE SAC-D Same Same

Aquarius Instrument 

(integrated radiometer/ 

scatterometer)

JPL

L-band microwave 

radiometer at 1.413 GHz; 

scatterometer at 1.26 GHz; 

SSS measurements with 

root-mean-sq random 

errors and systematic 

biases <= 0.2 psu on 150 

km sq scales over ice-free 

oceans.

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Aquarius will launch in May 2010 to begin a three-year prime mission to measure sea surface salinity 

(SSS) with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize salinity variations and 

investigate the linkage between ocean circulation, Earth's water cycle, and climate variability.

The Aquarius mission will investigate the links between the global water cycle, ocean circulation, and 

climate. It will observe and model variations of sea surface salinity, and how these relate to changes in 

the water cycle and ocean circulation. This will yield an unprecedented view of the oceans' role in 

climate and weather.







For more information visit: http://aquarius.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Project Purpose

Aquarius is an instrument on Argentina's National Committee of Space Activities (CONAE) spacecraft, 

Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-D (SAC-D). The combined NASA and CONAE instruments and 

spacecraft form the Aquarius/SAC-D observatory. This observatory will be launched into a polar, Sunsynchronous orbit that allows global coverage of ice-free ocean surfaces consistent with 

Aquarius/SAC-D science observational targets. The Aquarius instrument includes an L-band 

microwave radiometer (1.413 GHz) and scatterometer (1.26 GHz). The radiometer will measure the 

surface brightness temperature, which is related to the surface emissivity and physical temperature of 

the seawater. The surface emissivity is determined by the dielectric constant of seawater, which is 

related to salinity. The scatterometer is required to provide coincident information of sea surface 

roughness, a critical correction term for retrieval of sea surface salinity.

Project Parameters

SCI-67
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development: Aquarius

Schedule Commitments

Launch March 2009 May 2010 May 2010

Aquarius Instrument Pre-ship Review [FY08 APG] May 2008 May 2008 May 2009

Mission CDR August 2007 April 2008 July 2008

Mission Confirmation Review September 2005 September 2005 September 2005

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The Aquarius mission entered a Risk Mitigation Phase (RMP) in July 2002. Following the RMP, the



project was authorized to proceed to a formulation phase in December 2003. The Aquarius mission



was authorized by the NASA Science Mission Directorate to proceed to Development on October 12, 

2005. In November 2007, the NASA Science Mission Directorate Program Management Council 

approved a rebaseline of Aquarius, including a launch delay to May 2010.

Aquarius 2007 192.6 2009 208.6 8

Launch 

Readiness 7/1/2009 5/1/2010 10

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other Direct Project Cost 41.9 30.5 -11.4

Science/Technology 10.9 9.6 -1.3

Ground Systems 5.5 4.3 -1.2

Launch Vehicle/Services 78.9 76.1 -2.8

Payloads 55.4 88.1 32.7

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 192.6 208.6 16.0

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-68
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development: Aquarius

Spacecraft Development 

Delays

Further delays could impact 

launch date.

Monitor COMISION NACIONAL DE ACTIVIDADES 

ESPACIALES (CONAE) Progress and confirm commitments; 

reassess available schedule reserves.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

Aquarius was competitively selected from proposals submitted in response to Earth System Science 

Pathfinder (ESSP) Announcement of Opportunity 3. All elements of the project were included in that 

selection, and there are no other planned major procurements.







The launch vehicle procurement was awarded to Boeing. Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet 

Propulsion Laboratory were selected for the remaining project elements not provided by CONAE.

Acquisition Strategy

Mission operations CONAE None CONAE

Data management GSFC GSFC/JPL None

Radiometer JPL GSFC None

Spacecraft CONAE None CONAE

Aquarius Instrument JPL JPL None

Ground System JPL GSFC None

Launch Vehicle KSC KSC None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is responsible for project management. The Science Mission 

Directorate Program Management Council is responsible for program oversight.







The Earth Science Division Director is the responsible official for this project.

Performance

Aquarius 

Standing 

Review Board

7/2008 Mission Critical Design Review (CDR) was 

successful N/A

Performance

Aquarius 

Standing 

Review Board

N/A System Integration Review (SIR) 05/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-69
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-70
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

Earth Science Multi-Mission 

Operations

167.8 140.5 159.1 157.9 166.5 170.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

167.8 140.5 159.1 157.9 166.5 170.9 --

Earth Science Multi-Mission 

Operations

143.0 148.1 149.9 160.3 165.4 161.3 165.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

143.0 148.1 149.9 160.3 165.4 161.3 165.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request -24.8 7.5 -9.2 2.4 -1.1 -9.5 --

Note: Includes $7.5M in Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-71
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

The Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations Program acquires, preserves, and distributes 

observational data to support Earth Science focus areas in conformance with national science 

objectives. The Earth Science focus areas are as follows: (1) Climate variability and change; (2) 

Atmospheric composition; (3) Carbon cycle, ecosystems, and biogeochemistry; (4) Water and energy 

cycles; (5) Weather; and (6) Earth surface and interior. Facilities involved in this undertaking include 

data-handling, data processing, and archiving systems.







NASA's principal Earth Science information system is the Earth Observing System Data and 

Information System (EOSDIS), which has been operational since August 1994. EOSDIS acquires, 

processes, archives, and distributes Earth Science data and information products created from 

satellite data, which arrive at the rate of more than four trillion bytes (4 terabytes) per day. Having 

successfully created this system, NASA is using advances in information technology to expand its 

capabilities while providing continuous service to the user community.







The Evolution of EOSDIS Elements (EEE) effort is increasing efficiency and operability; increasing 

data usability by the research, application, and modeling communities; providing services and tools 

needed to enable use of NASA's Earth Science data in next-decadal models, research results, and 

decision support system benchmarking; and improving support for end users. The evolved system is 

being phased in -- a process that began in FY 2006 -- with milestones developed through 2008. The 

budget request for FY 2010 incorporates cost savings that will result from this effort. A system plan 

for 2015 will guide further improvements. Very modest investments will enable the system to keep 

technologically current, and incorporate new research data and services.







NASA Earth Science information is archived at eight Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) 

located across the United States. The DAACs specialize by topic area, and make their data available 

to researchers around the world. For more information, please see http://eos.nasa.gov/eosdis.







Research opportunities related to EOSDIS are available through the Advanced Collaborative 

Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) at http://access-projects.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and 

Making Earth System data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) at 

http://measures-projects.gsfc.nasa.gov/ programs. Participants in these programs are solicited 

through the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES), the NASA Research 

Announcement soliciting basic and applied research proposals.

Program Overview

SCI-72
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

The Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations Program will continue operation of EOSDIS, the DAACs 

and their accompanying functions, as well as Core System Science Data Processing Systems. The 

maintenance of these systems is important to the collection of data from Earth Science satellites in 

orbit, as well as to the continuity of Earth Science research efforts. 







The Step 1 Evolution of EOSDIS Elements (EEE) effort, begun in 2006, is essentially complete. 

Savings and operational benefits from the Step 1 are being realized in FY 2009 and beyond. NASA 

plans to continue the support of the EEE to enable a service oriented architecture between now and 

2015. 







Five-year MEaSUREs Projects began work in 2008 to continue NASA support of the development of 

multi-instrument Earth System Data Records, including Climate Data Records. A new Advanced 

Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) solicitation is being readied for 

NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences - 2009 (ROSES-2009). These 

Cooperative Agreements are proving very valuable for keeping research and modeling communities 

actively involved with the EOSDIS architecture, and informing core infrastructure evolution decisions.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-73
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

This project funds the Elements of EOSDIS Evolution, aimed at improving the efficiency and 

effectiveness of EOSDIS while reducing the cost, and the Distributed Active Archive Centers, which 

collect, disseminate, and archive Earth Science data at eight centers across the Nation: 



	-The Alaska SAR Facility, which collects Synthetic Aperture Radar data, and information on sea ice, 

polar processes, and geophysics; 



	-The GSFC Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center, which collects information on 

atmospheric composition, atmospheric dynamics, global precipitation, ocean biology, ocean 

dynamics, and solar irradiance; 



	-The Langley Research Center DAAC, which collects data on Earth's radiation budget, clouds, 

aerosols, and tropospheric chemistry; 



	-The Land Processes DAAC, which collects land processes data; 



	-The National Snow and Ice Data Center, which collects snow and ice data, as well as information 

about the cryosphere and climate; 



	-The Oak Ridge National Laboratory DAAC, which collects data on biogeochemical dynamics, and 

ecological data for studying environmental processes; 



	-The Physical Oceanography DAAC, which collects information on oceanic processes and air-sea 

interactions; and



	-The Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center, covering population, sustainability, multilateral 

environmental agreements, natural hazards, and poverty.

Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

EOSDIS is the central data handling system for NASA's Earth Science efforts. EOSDIS components 

funded in the project include: 







 * Production of standard science data products, using algorithms and software developed by 

EOS investigators; 



 



 * Active archive of data, as well as ordering, distribution, and data management. Also ensures 

the preservation of data, products, related algorithms, and system-configuration history; 







 * Information Management, enabling researchers to rapidly locate and retrieve data critical to 

their work; and 







 * User Support for research scientists, educators, students, and users in public agencies 

responsible for operational applications of the data, as well as for the general public. 







 Nominal EOSDIS development ended in FY 2007. All future development and improvements to 

the system will be planned through the Evolution of EOSDIS Elements process. 







The Precipitation Processing System (PPS) is a measurement-based data and information system at 

GSFC that evolved from the TRMM Science Data and Information System (TSDIS). PPS continues 

to support the TRMM Science Team with analyzed rainfall data from TRMM as well as data from 

other precipitation instruments, and is also developing further to support the upcoming Global 

Precipitation Mission (GPM) to be launched in 2013.

EOSDIS

SCI-74
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

Provide services and tools needed to enable use 

of NASA's Earth Science data in next-decadal 

models, research results, and decision support 

system benchmarking.

EOSDIS and DAACs None.

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

ACCESS, MEaSUREs (peerreviewed data research 

opportunities)

SMD NASA Headquarters None.

Multi-Mission Operations 

(operations and maint. of Core 

EOSDIS systems; DAACs, 

Evolution of EOSDIS)

GSFC Earth Science Data 

and Information 

Systems Office, 

Goddard Space 

Flight Center

Key participants in the Multi-Mission 

Operations project include the space 

agencies of Europe, Canada, 

Germany, France, and Japan. Other 

U.S. agency partners include the 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (Department of 

Commerce), U.S. Geological Survey 

(Department of the Interior), and the 

Department of Defense.

Precipitation Processing 

System (PPS)

GSFC GSFC NASA operates and is further 

developing the PPS to provide 

analyzed data from the TRMM and 

GPM missions. Both TRMM and GPM 

are joint missions of NASA and JAXA, 

a key stakeholder

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Science Mission Directorate and the Program Management Council have oversight responsibility 

for this program. The Earth Science Data and Information System Project Office at GSFC has primary 

responsibility for the program.

Elements of EOSDIS 

Evolution (phased startup beginning in FY 

2008)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-05

Apr-08

Mar-08

Dec-20

Form Nov-04 Nov-05

EOSDIS and MultiMission Operations 

(including DAACs)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-94 Dec-15

Form

Formulation (Form)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-75
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Multi-Mission Operations

Other Earth Science 

Subcommittee

1/2008 The Earth Science Subcommittee reported that 

they were impressed by the success and clear 

sense of direction of this program.

TBD

Quality DAAC Data 

Priority 

Workshops

01/2006 DAAC archive holdings peer reviewed for 

scientific merit. Multiple reviews related to 

individual research areas, all successful, several 

recommendations in work.

TBD

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The EOSDIS Core System is a high-performance software system that provides science data ingest, 

archive and distribution capabilities for a multitude of Earth science instruments. Maintenance and 

operations for this system, utilized by three DAAC's post-Step 1 Evolution of EOSDIS Elements, is 

performed under contract procured by GSFC. The contract, managed by the ESDIS Project at 

GSFC, will be recompeted during this year

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-76
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Technology

Advanced technology plays a major role in enabling Earth research and applications programs by 

providing an improved understanding of the total Earth system and its effects of natural and humaninduced changes on the global environment. The Earth Science Technology Program (ESTP) 

provides the Earth Science Division with new capabilities, enabling previously unforeseen and 

infeasible science investigations, enhancing existing measurement capabilities, and reducing the 

cost, risk, and development times of Earth science measurements. 







The Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) provides strategic, science-driven technology 

assessments and requirements development. The program implements a science focused technology 

program by pursuing promising scientific and engineering concepts through open competition 

solicitations.







For more information, please see: http://esto.nasa.gov

Program Overview

Earth Science Technology 47.3 46.1 49.2 50.6 51.6 52.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

47.3 46.1 49.2 50.6 51.6 52.8 --

Earth Science Technology 43.0 54.1 45.9 47.2 48.2 49.5 52.7

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

43.0 54.1 45.9 47.2 48.2 49.5 52.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request -4.3 8.0 -3.3 -3.3 -3.3 -3.3 --

Note: Includes $8M of Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

ESTP will plan and implement development of new remote-sensing and information systems 

technologies for infusion into future science missions in order to enable, or dramatically enhance, 

measurements and data system capabilities. Planning will start with measurement priorities 

established by the science community, leading to systematically developed technology requirements 

and priorities. Studies may be conducted to assess measurement options for meeting technology 

performance requirements. Implementation will be performed through managing awarded tasks from 

competed solicitations in the three project areas: Instrument Incubator, Advanced Information 

Systems, and Advanced Technology Initiatives. Ongoing activities in these areas are described in 

more detail in the project description section below.







For FY2010 new work will only be solicited in the Instrument Incubator area. This FY2010 solicitation 

is planned to be part of the ROSES-2009 NASA Research Announcement. The solicitation will be a 

call for Earth science instrument system technology to address the measurements called for in the 

NRC Decadal Survey.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-77
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Technology

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

This project develops end-to-end information technologies that enable new Earth-observation 

measurements and information products. The technologies are used to process, archive, access, 

visualize, communicate, and understand science data. 







A solicitation released in June 2008 awarded 20 additional projects in early FY09, focused on three 

areas needed to support future Earth science measurements: Sensor System Support (to 

incorporate autonomy and rapid response in the sensing process and improve the science value of 

data); Advanced Data Processing (to improve or enhance the information extracted from the data 

stream); and Data Services Management (to better manage the growing body of Earth science data 

and allow for efficient exchange). 







As examples, one project team deploys a fleet of SnoMote robots to test their mobile sensor network 

on Mendenhall Glacier in Alaska; the autonomous SnoMotes are designed to gather in-situ science 

data in dangerous, volatile ice environments to augment remote sensing data with accurate groundtruth measurements. Another task develops an inter-operable sensor architecture system that 

integrates four satellites, a UAV, and multiple ground sensors, data algorithms, and models, and has 

been demonstrated as a tool to help manage wildfires.

Advanced Information Systems Technology

This project develops new and innovative instruments and measurement techniques at the system 

level, including laboratory development and airborne validation.







A solicitation for new instrument technologies was released in FY2007 and 21 new awards were 

made for sensors measuring atmospheric trace gases, aerosols, clouds, gravity fields, ocean 

topography, tropospheric winds, thermal land imaging, Earth radiation balance, precipitation, ocean 

color, snow, and vegetation. Instrument technologies include imagers, spectrometers, lidars, 

microwave sounders, and radars. These projects started in FY2008 and will continue through 

FY2011.







Some notable recent Instrument Incubator demonstrations include airborne radar measurements of 

Greenland ice sheet basal topography from high altitude and in two dimensions, the first 

simultaneous lidar measurements of tropospheric water vapor and aerosols from an aircraft, a 

ground-based demonstration of the hybrid Doppler wind lidar with simultaneous coherent and direct 

detection measurements, and airborne Ka-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) 

topography measurements.

Instrument Incubator

SCI-78
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Technology

Tasks are procured primarily through full and open competition, such as the Research Opportunities 

in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES)announcements.

Acquisition Strategy

The Advanced Technology Initiatives element provides for the development of critical component 

and subsystem technologies for the instruments and platforms which support the Earth Science 

Decadal Survey.







In 2008, the Advanced Technology Program solicited, via ROSES, for technologies such as: spacequalifiable laser transmitters, passive optical technologies, microwave and calibration technologies. 

Sixteen awards were made, supporting 14 of the 15 NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey missions. 

Some examples of these awards follow. A corrugated mirror telescope array for lidar will support 

seven of the Decadal Survey missions and help to enable the measurement of ice, crustal 

deformation, carbon dioxide and even 3D winds. Another notable technology is a large aperture 

deployable reflector which will support: soil moisture, ocean and river water dynamics, temperature 

and humidity soundings and snow accumulation for fresh water assessments. Other awards support 

measurements of: solar radiance, ozone, aerosols, atmospheric gas columns for air quality and 

ocean color for coastal ecosystem health and climate emissions.

Advanced Technology Initiatives

Program Management

Advanced Info Systems ESTO GSFC, JPL, LaRC, 

ARC, GRC

None.

Advanced Tech Initiatives ESTO GSFC, JPL, LaRC, 

ARC, GRC

None.

Instrument Incubator ESTO GSFC, JPL, LaRC, 

ARC, GRC

None.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Earth Science Division within the Science Mission Directorate has oversight responsibility of the 

program office.

Annually mature several technologies to the 

point of readiness for demonstration.

ESTP same

Annually advance a portion of funded technology 

developments by one technology readiness 

level.

ESTP same

Annually enable or improve one new science 

measurement capability.

ESTP same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-79
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Earth Science Technology

Relevance NAC - 

Science 

Committee

10/2008 Technology in support of Decadal Survey 

missions

10/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-80
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Applied Sciences

The Applied Sciences Program (http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earth-science/applied-sciences) 

leverages NASA Earth Science research and observations for practical use, such as resource 

management and planning, decision-making, and improved predictions and policies. NASA Applied 

Sciences projects are designed to provide tools for improved decision making, through which the 

nation can better manage its resources, improve life quality, and strengthen the economy. NASA 

develops Earth Science applications in collaboration with end-users in public, private, and academic 

organizations. Examples include improved public health tracking systems for deadly diseases with the 

Center for Disease Control; advances in prediction of weather conditions for airplane pilots through 

the National Weather Service and the Federal Aviation Administration; improved tracking of air 

pollutants with the Environmental Protection Agency for decision-making on biomass burning and 

industrial practices; improving the Department of Agriculture's Global Economic Forecasting; and 

providing tools for better disaster management by state and local first responders..

Program Overview

Pathways 45.4 33.8 33.8 31.3 32.1 32.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

45.4 33.8 33.8 31.3 32.1 32.8 --

Pathways 40.2 47.8 32.2 30.7 31.5 32.2 33.1

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

40.2 47.8 32.2 30.7 31.5 32.2 33.1

Changes from FY 2009 Request -5.2 14.0 -1.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 --

Note: Includes $4M of Recovery Act funding in FY09

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

In FY10, the Applied Sciences Program will continue or initiate projects across a range of application 

areas, including climate, public health, ecosystems forecasting, air quality, weather, water resources, 

natural disasters, and agriculture. These projects have been competively selected through NASA's 

Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) 2005, 2007, and 2008 research 

announcements.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-81
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Applied Sciences

The Earth Science Applications Program is based on full and open competition. Grants are peer 

reviewed and selected based on NASA Research Announcements and other related 

announcements.

Acquisition Strategy

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

In 2010, the Applied Sciences Program will sponsor two types of competitively selected projects 

across the range of applications described above: 







1.	"Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results. " These are 3-4 year projects that 

are carried out collaboratively with end users; the outcome of Decisions projects is to demonstrate 

and substantiate improvements to the end-users decision making activities.







2.	"Earth Science Applications Feasibility Studies." These are short term projects to test the technical 

or the organizational feasibility of a new application. 







The project also includes a small number of activities that crosscut and support the tasks, including 

cross-cutting projects,workforce development, and outreach.

Applied Sciences

Program Management

Earth Science Applications NASA HQ GSFC, LaRC, SSC, 

JPL, MSFC, and 

ARC

EPA, NOAA, USDA, FAA, DOE, DOI, 

CDC, USAID ; state agencies, and 

regional organizations



such as the Southern Governor's 

Growth Policy



Board, American Water Resources



Association, Gulf of Mexcio Alliance. 

Private sector and universities.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Applied Sciences Program responsibility resides within the Earth Science Division of the Science 

Mission Directorate.

Issue competed peer reviewed research awards. Applied Sciences None

Maximize resource utilization through 

restructuring and streamlining processes and 

operations across the program.

Applied Sciences None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-82
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Earth Science

Program: Applied Sciences

None at this time. N/A

Program Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Relevance National 

Research 

Council

10/2007 The Applied Sciences Program strategy and 

implementation.

N/A

Relevance Applied 

Science 

Analysis 

Group

N/A Applied Sciences program strategy and 

implementation.

12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-83
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-84
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Planetary Science is a grand human enterprise that seeks to discover the nature and origin of the 

celestial bodies among which we live, and to explore whether life exists beyond Earth. The scientific 

imperative for Planetary Science, the quest to understand our origins, is universal. How did we get 

here? Are we alone? What does the future hold? These overarching questions lead to more focused, 

fundamental science questions about our solar system: How did the Sun's family of planets and minor 

bodies originate? How did the solar system evolve to its current diverse state? What are the 

characteristics of the solar system that led to the origin of life? How did life begin and evolve on Earth 

and has it evolved elsewhere in the solar system? What are the hazards and resources in the solar 

system environment that will affect the extension of human presence into space?







To achieve progress in addressing these six fundamental science questions, NASA relies on a 

balanced program. There are seven programs within the Planetary Science Theme: Research, Lunar 

Quest, Discovery, New Frontiers, Mars Exploration, the Outer Planets, and the Technology Programs. 

Research supports two operating missions with international partners (Rosetta and Hayabusa), as 

well as Research and Analysis, Sample and Data Curation, data dissemination and analysis. The 

Lunar Quest Program consists of small robotic spacecraft missions, Missions of Opportunity, the 

Lunar Science Institute, and Research & Data Analysis. Discovery has two operating spacecraft 

(MESSENGER and Dawn), one radar instrument operating on an ESA Mars Express mission 

(ASPERA-3), one mission in its development phase (GRAIL), and four Missions of Opportunities (M3, 

EPOCH, DIXI, NExT). New Frontiers has one operating spacecraft (New Horizons) and one mission 

(Juno) currently in its development phase. The Mars Exploration Program has two spacecraft 

(Odyssey and MRO) and two rovers (Spirit and Opportunity) in operation, one instrument operating on 

an ESA mission (Mars Express), one mission in development (MSL), one mission in formulation 

(MAVEN), and project activities for technology, next decade mission design/development, and 

research. The Outer Planets Program includes research, one operating mission (Cassini) and an 

Outer Planets Flagship mission under study. Technology Program includes in-space propulsion 

systems, advanced power generation, and the advanced multi-mission support.

Theme Overview

SCI-85
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Technology 84.8 64.9 69.3 69.6 71.3 73.0 --

Outer Planets 81.9 101.1 216.7 279.4 230.6 362.0 --

Mars Exploration 553.5 386.5 299.6 344.5 341.1 413.8 --

New Frontiers 132.2 263.9 250.3 232.3 227.7 236.9 --

Discovery 153.0 247.0 258.3 256.0 326.1 140.5 --

Planetary Science Research 242.1 270.8 315.8 355.6 373.2 382.6 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 1,247.5 1,334.2 1,410.1 1,537.5 1,570.0 1,608.7 --

Technology 65.2 64.9 89.0 98.4 102.1 93.5 91.4

Outer Planets 62.2 101.1 98.6 97.1 140.3 117.7 118.5

Mars Exploration 709.3 381.6 416.1 494.5 405.5 514.3 536.7

New Frontiers 115.1 263.9 264.1 239.9 294.2 239.8 249.6

Discovery 136.4 247.0 213.2 234.6 256.8 256.5 264.3

Lunar Quest Program 41.3 105.0 103.6 142.6 138.6 145.5 118.7

Planetary Science Research 183.1 162.1 161.7 193.5 240.2 232.6 254.2

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 1,312.6 1,325.6 1,346.2 1,500.6 1,577.7 1,600.0 1,633.2

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 65.2 -8.6 -63.8 -36.8 7.7 -8.7 --

Note: The human space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result in changes to the International Lunar 

Network and robotic lunar exploration program. NASA will notify Congress if there are any changes to the request. Starting in FY 

2010, the NEOO project is budgeted in the Planetary theme.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-86
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) launch date has moved from 2009 to 2011. During FY 2010 MSL will 

complete remaining hardware and software development, and will start to conduct the Rover System 

Environmental Test Program. In September 2008, NASA selected the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile 

EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft as the next Mars Scout mission. By the end of FY 2010 MAVEN will 

successfully complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). ExoMars will have an extended Phase B in FY 

2010. Odyssey will be in a new orbit with an expected improved sensitivity to detect minerals on the surface. 

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and (if technically possible) both Spirit and Opportunity rovers 

(MER) will continue to operate and perform data analysis throughout FY 2010. Concept studies with ESA for 

partnership missions in 2016/2018 will continue.

Mars Exploration

Juno will deliver instruments and hardware in preparation for ATLO in FY 2010. The New Horizons mission 

will continue on its course toward Pluto and its moons, with periodic spacecraft and instrument checkouts as it 

cruises. Following the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) release in 2009, the New Frontiers 3 concept 

studies will be selected in FY 2010.

New Frontiers

Having completed its third fly-by of Mercury, MESSENGER will prepare for Mercury orbit insertion (currently 

planned for March 2011) while it continues its operations and return of valuable data from the three flybys. 

The Dawn spacecraft will be cruising from a Mars gravity assist in February 2009 in preparation for its Vesta 

encounter in 2011. ASPERA-3 will complete collection of data on its extended mission of Mars Express. The 

M3 instrument will continue to collect its science measurements in 2010 and perform data analysis. The 

EPOXI mission will be approaching its target, comet Hartley 2, in November 2010. GRAIL will complete its 

Critical Design Review in first quarter FY 2010 and begin Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO) by 

the end of 2010. With the release of the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for the next Discovery mission in 

late CY 2009, concept study selection will be made in 2010.

Discovery

The Lunar Quest Program (LQP), previously the Lunar Science Project, is now moved to its own stand-alone 

budget and program line. Project elements under LQP includes the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment 

Explorer (LADEE) and the International Lunar Network (ILN) missions, and the Lunar Science Research. 

LADEE will complete its preliminary design review in 2009 and will enter Implementation Phase (KDP-C) in 

FY 2010. The ILN mission will complete Phase A (KDP-A) by the end of FY 2010. Research Announcement 

for Lunar Research & Analysis will be released annually, followed by selections and awards. The human 

space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result in changes to the International 

Lunar Network and robotic lunar exploration program. NASA will notify Congress if there are any changes to 

the request.

Lunar Quest Program

Two new changes are included in the Planetary Science Research Program FY 2010 budget; Lunar Science 

transferred to the Lunar Quest Program (LQP), and the Near Earth Objects Observations (NEOO) project 

transferred from Earth Science to Planetary Science. The Research and Analysis program will continue to 

release research announcements and make selections. The Planetary Data System will continue to archive 

and release planetary science data to the science community in a timely manner for further scientific analysis. 

The Astromaterial Curation project will continue its efforts on curation and distribution of solar system samples 

(Astromaterials) returned by NASA planetary missions such as Stardust and Genesis. The Rosetta project will 

continue to support fly-by of Asteroid Lutetia (November 2010), and Hayabusa (MUSES-C) will continue to 

provide navigation, Deep Space Network tracking and science analysis support to JAXA to support an Earth 

Return in 2010. NEOO will continue to detect impact hazards to the Earth.

Planetary Science Research

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-87
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

While there are no major changes to the Technology Program, some funds were added to the program to 

allow for a completion of the NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) electric propulsion life validation 

and to start the build for the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ARSG) proto-flight unit that would 

support a flight in the 2013-2014 timeframe. The Technology Program FY 2010 budget will also provide for 

the Advanced Multi-Mission Operation System (AMMOS) effort in its continuation in the development of multimission software tools for spacecraft navigation and mission planning.

Technology

In February 2009 NASA down-selected the Outer Planets Flagship (OPF) from three science targets to focus 

on the Europa Jupiter System. In addition to further definition study and technology development efforts for 

the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) throughout FY 2010, NASA will also continue to negotiate the 

details of a potential partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) and other international partners. 

NASA Cassini will continue its historic operations and data analysis.

Outer Planets

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-88
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Planetary Science supports NASA's achievement of Strategic Plan Sub-goal 3C: Advance scientific 

knowledge of the origin and history of the solar system, the potential for life elsewhere, and the 

hazards and resources present as humans explore space.







This effort is comprised of four Outcomes:



3C.1: Progress in learning how the Sun's family of planets and minor bodies originated and evolved.



3C.2: Progress in understanding the processes that determine the history and future of habitability in 

the solar system, including the origin and evolution of Earth's biosphere and the character and extent 

of prebiotic chemistry on Mars and other worlds.



3C.3: Progress in identifying and investigating past or present habitable environments on Mars and 

other worlds, and determining if there is or ever has been life elsewhere in the solar system.



3C.4: Progress in exploring the space environment to discover potential hazards to humans and to 

search for resources that would enable human presence.







See FY 2010 Performance Plan, under Management and Performance, for specific annual goals for 

this Theme.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The Planetary Science Program is guided by U.S. National Space Policy and follows NASA's tradition 

of establishing its priorities through consultation with world-class experts. Planetary Science relies on 

two advisory bodies for scientific assessments and decadal surveys: the NASA Advisory Council and 

the National Research Council's (NRC) Space Studies Board. The NRC's decadal surveys help 

NASA prioritize missions and scientific objectives.







Planetary Science seeks to achieve both near and long-term science goals by studying solar system 

objects and phenomena in situ. Planets and satellites of the solar system and the ancient icy bodies 

far from the Sun are "Rosetta stones" that can tell unique stories about the evolution of the solar 

system. As researchers learn more about the origins of living organisms on Earth and about the solar 

system's planets and moons, they may learn that life has arisen in places beyond Earth. 







Robotic explorers gather data to help scientists understand how the planets formed, what triggered 

different evolutionary paths among planets, and how Earth formed, evolved, and became habitable. 

To search for evidence of life beyond Earth, scientists use this data to map zones of habitability, 

study the chemistry of alien worlds, and unveil the processes that lead to conditions necessary for 

life. 







Robotic exploration will generate knowledge about our solar system needed to identify the most 

promising human exploration missions. This knowledge will also help enable safe human space 

exploration in the forbidding environments they will encounter.

SCI-89
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

The Planetary Science Theme uses its missions, research programs, and the human resources of the 

space science community to enhance the quality of American science, mathematics, and technology 

education, particularly at the pre-college level. The innovative nature of planetary science projects 

creates an impetus for new techniques and technologies that later benefit the public. The FIRST 

Robotics project is a concrete example of the Planetary Science Theme's contribution to education. 

The Planetary Theme is dedicated to sharing the excitement of discoveries and knowledge generated 

by space science missions and research, with the public, and thus contributing to educating and 

inspiring the next generation of scientists and technical workers needed for the 21st century.







Public benefits from Planetary Science include a growing understanding of the solar system and 

Earth's significance within it. NASA's robotic science missions are paving the way for understanding 

the origin and evolution of the solar system and working to identify past and present habitable 

locations. The Theme also enables human space exploration by studying and characterizing alien 

environments and identifies possible resources that will enable safe and effective human missions to 

the Moon and beyond.

SCI-90
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

After landing on May 25, 2008, Phoenix studied soil with a chemistry laboratory, a microscope, a 

conductivity probe and cameras. Laboratory tests performed by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander 

identified water in a Martian soil sample. The lander's robotic arm delivered the soil sample to an 

instrument that heats the sample and then identifies the resulting vapors. Besides confirming the 2002 

Mars Odyssey finding of water ice near the surface, the science team has tried to determine whether 

the water ice ever thaws enough to allow biological process and if carbon-containing chemicals and 

other raw materials necessary for life are present.







Phoenix confirmed that a significant amount of water exists on the surface of arctic Mars, a potential 

resource for future human exploration. Phoenix also discovered a class of compounds called 

perchlorates in the soil. Although a few biological forms on Earth use perchlorates as an energy 

source, they are generally toxic to most life forms if consumed. However, perchlorates are routinely 

used as the oxidizer in rocket fuel, also a potential resource. The lander's meteorological station 

documented a temperature range in the Martian polar north of approximately -20 to -115 degrees 

Fahrenheit during the summer, after which temperatures fell sharply. These conditions pose 

challenges to human exploration of the Martian polar regions.







The Cassini spacecraft performed a flyby of Saturn's moon Enceladus, coming within 50 kilometers of 

the moon's surface. During the flyby, the spacecraft collected samples that may provide evidence of a 

water ocean and organics. The flyby also provided images of the surface that are providing data on 

the difference between the north and south poles, which is critical to understanding the moon's 

geological evolution. Furthermore, there is evidence of some complex organic chemicals and several 

other conditions that scientists believe to be the pre-conditions for life. Future flybys and possibly 

future missions will provide more pieces in this intriguing puzzle.







On the first of its passes by Mercury, the MESSENGER spacecraft provided new insights into the 

origin and evolution of the solar system's smallest planet. MESSENGER confirmed that Mercury has a 

dipolar internal magnetic field, created an inventory of the heavy ions in the planet's magnetosphere, 

and detected two current sheet boundaries that may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer. 







In 2008, NASA Selected GRAIL, a lunar gravity mapping mission, as the Discovery 11 mission and 

MAVEN, a Mars aeronomy mission, as the Mars Scout 2nd mission. The Juno mission, which will 

conduct an in-depth study of Jupiter, completed its Preliminary Design Review and moved into 

implementation to support an August 2011 launch.







The Lunar Science Program's LADEE lunar dust mission completed studies and moved into 

formulation phase. The Program also established the NASA Lunar Science Institute.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SCI-91
Theme: Planetary Science

Mission Directorate: Science

Relevance NASA 

Advisory 

Council

02/2007 Reviews science and program implementation 

strategies and relevancies to the NASA 

strategies and goals. Findings from the 2007 

review included, NASA has made significant 

progress toward implementing the 

recommendations of the NRC's decadal survey 

and Mars Architecture report. NASA's current 

planetary exploration program is highly 

productive, carrying out exciting missions and 

making fundamental discoveries.

12/2010

Relevance National 

Research 

Council

12/2003 Decadal Survey of Planetary Science 

priorities/Published Decadal Report entitled 

"New Frontiers and the Solar System: An 

Integrated Exploration Strategy". Work on the 

next Decadal Survey began in 2008.

09/2013

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-92
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

The Planetary Science Research Program supports the development of theoretical tools and 

laboratory data needed to analyze flight data, makes possible new and better instruments to fly on 

future missions, and analyzes the data returned. These capabilities allow Planetary Science to 

answer specific questions and develop an increased understanding of the origin and evolution of the 

solar system. This program represents an essential complement to flight missions, providing the 

scientific research and the theoretical foundation to allow the nation to fully utilize the unique data 

sets returned from the missions exploring the solar system. It is also NASA's primary interface with 

university faculty and graduate students in this field as well as the research community in general. 

The Research Program achieves this goal by supporting research grants which are solicited annually 

and subjected to a careful peer review before being awarded.







The changes in the table above do not reflect a reduction, but instead reflect a transfer of Lunar 

Science Research (carried within Planetary Science Research in the FY 2009 Request) to the new 

Lunar Quest Program in the FY 2010 Request. 







For further information see: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/planetary-science

Program Overview

Near Earth Object 

Observations

3.4 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 --

Education and Directorate 

Management

72.4 3.9 27.4 43.1 45.7 49.0 --

Other Missions and Analysis 41.8 124.5 143.4 162.2 172.3 174.6 --

Planetary Science Research 

and Analysis

127.8 142.4 145.1 150.4 155.2 159.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

245.4 274.5 319.6 359.5 377.1 386.6 --

Near Earth Object 

Observations

3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1

Education and Directorate 

Management

27.7 3.9 1.4 23.1 60.7 49.0 60.1

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

18.6 19.5 21.4 22.2 22.3 22.7 29.3

Planetary Science Research 

and Analysis

133.6 135.0 135.1 144.4 153.2 156.9 160.7

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

183.1 162.1 161.7 193.5 240.2 232.6 254.2

Changes from FY 2009 Request -62.3 -112.4 -157.9 -166.0 -137.0 -154.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-93
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

Release Research Announcements soliciting Research and Analysis proposals and make selections. 







Continue planetary science data archiving and releasing of this data to the science community in a 

timely manner for further scientific analysis.



 



Continue curation and distribution of solar system samples (Astromaterials) returned by NASA 

planetary missions such as Stardust. 







Support the Rosetta fly-by of Asteroid Lutetia (November 2010). 







Continue to provide for Hayabusa (MUSES-C) navigation and Deep Space Network Tracking and 

coordinating Science Analysis to support an Earth Return in 2010. 







Continue to support Near Earth Objects Observations (NEOO) to detect impact hazards to the Earth.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-94
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Rosetta, a European Space Agency/NASA comet rendezvous mission in operations phase, launched 

in March 2004 and will arrive at comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. The prime scientific 

objective of the Rosetta mission is to study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary 

and interstellar material, and the implications of comets with regard to the origin of the solar system. 

The Rosetta spacecraft will be the first to undertake the long-term exploration of a comet at close 

quarters. It comprises a large orbiter, which is designed to operate for a decade at large distances 

from the Sun, and a small lander. Each of these carries a large complement of scientific experiments 

designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted. Rosetta will allow 

scientists to look back 4600 million years to an epoch when no planets existed and only a vast 

swarm of asteroids and comets surrounded the Sun.







Hayabusa (MUSES-C), in operations phase, is a joint Japanese/NASA mission to rendezvous with 

near-Earth asteroid and return samples. The spacecraft launched in May of 2003 and landed on the 

Asteroid Itokawa in September 2005. In April 2007, the spacecraft began its return to Earth bringing 

with it an asteroid sample. Hayabusa will arrive at Earth in 2010. Hayabusa observed Itokawa's 

shape, geographical features, reflectance, mineral composite, and gravity from an altitude of 3 to 20 

km, and clarified the Itokawa's structure as a "pile of rubble." Science published seven Hayabusarelated essays, the first time for the magazine to feature a Japanese asteroid probe project. The 

Hayabusa project also received a "Space Pioneer Award" from the National Space Society of the 

United States at the International Space Development conference held in Los Angeles in May.







The Planetary Data Systems (PDS) and Astromaterials Curation Projects provide funds for data 

archives, sample-holding facilities, and analysis tools needed to perform research. PDS is the active 

data archive for NASA's Planetary Science Theme. The Astromaterials Curation Facility, at Johnson 

Space Center, provides services for all returned planetary materials that do not require planetary 

protection laboratories.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

The scope of Research and Analysis (R&A) is wide because the effort must provide new theories 

and instrumentation that enable the next generation of flight missions. R&A also provides the 

foundation for the formulation of new scientific questions and strategies. Discoveries and concepts 

developed in the R&A Project are the genesis of scientific priorities, missions, instrumentation, and 

investigations. R&A supports research tasks in areas such as: astrobiology and cosmochemistry; the 

origins and evolution of planetary systems; and the atmospheres, geology, and chemistry of the solar 

system's planets (other than Earth). R&A provides for instrument and measurement concepts, and 

supports the initial definition and development of instruments for future Discovery, New Frontiers, or 

Mars missions. A new and fully competed call for missions' studies will identify a range of outer 

planets science targets and mission options that could be achieved at various budget levels, creating 

a "menu" of mission options that NASA could pursue in the future. Lunar science research has been 

moved to the Lunar Quest Program.

Planetary Science Research and Analysis

SCI-95
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

The Near Earth Object Observations (NEOO) was transfered from the Earth Science Division 

beginning in FY 2010. Its objective is to detect and track at least 90 percent of the Near Earth 

Objects, asteroids, and comets that come within 1.3 Astronomical Units of the Sun, and to find those 

which have any potential to collide with Earth and do significant damage at the surface. A network of 

existing ground-based telescopes and modifications to existing space-based sensors, and supporting 

data processing and analysis infrastructure, will be funded to achieve this objective.

Near Earth Object Observations

The Education and Directorate Management projects include Science Mission Directorate-wide 

management reserve. It is used to support unforeseen administrative and programmatic 

requirements that cannot and/or should not be funded by other programs and projects. 







For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) is a non-profit organization 

dedicated to increasing interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics among youth 

in the United States. There are annual activities and events to expose students to challenging 

applications of engineering and science. The FIRST Robotics competition consists of national 

contests in which high school students team with engineers from government, industry, and 

universities to get hands-on experience and mentoring from engineering and technical professionals.

Education and Directorate Management

Meeting commitments to the International 

Partners as agreed to in the MOU.

Rosetta and Hayabusa Same

Archive and release mission data to the science 

community within 6 months of downlink.

Planetary Data System (PDS) Same

Store new samples of Astromaterials and 

distribute them as requests are approved by 

CAPTEM.

Astromaterials Curations Same

Continue search for hazardous NEOs, asteroids, 

and comets down to 140 meters in size that may 

pose an impact threat.

NEOO Same

Release of Research Announcements soliciting 

R&A proposals (annual selections)

Research & Analysis (R&A) Same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-96
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

NEOO Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-07 Sep-22

Form

Hayabusa Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

May-03

Jun-10

May-03

Sep-11

Sep-11

Form

Rosetta Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-04

Sep-08

Mar-04

Sep-17

Sep-17

Form

R&A, PDS, Curation Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-07 Sep-22

Form

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

Program Management

NEOO JPL JPL None

Planetary Data System (PDS) GSFC JPL and other 

Discipline Nodes

None

Astromaterials Curation JSC JSC NSF and Smithsonian Institution for 

Antarctic meteorites

Hayabusa (Muses -C) JPL JPL Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 

(JAXA) responsibilities include the 

spacecraft, launch vehicle, and 

operations.

Research & Analysis HQ Multiple (NASA 

Centers, 

Universities, 

industries, etc.)

None

Rosetta JPL JPL The European Space Agency (ESA) 

built the spacecraft, provided the 

launch vehicle, and operates the 

spacecraft.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

NASA HQ is responsible for R&A; JPL is responsible for Rosetta and Hayabusa operations and the 

NEOO Program Office; GSFC is responsible for PDS project management; and JSC is responsible 

for Astromaterials Curation project management Program Office.

SCI-97
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Planetary Science Research

Quality Panel of 

scientists

10/2008 Curation and Analysis Planning Team for 

Extraterrestrial Materials (CAPTEM) reviews 

ongoing curation activities and future plans. 

Curation of Genesis, Stardust, and Apollo lunar 

samples are on track and meeting distribution 

requests. The Curation Project is performing 

well overall. They reviewed and approved 

numerous samples for distribution to scientists 

and reviewed plans for the upgrade of JSC 

curation facilities and efforts to work with 

Constellation on curation of samples on the 

Moon.

03/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The R&A FY 2010 budget will fund competitively selected activities from the ROSES-07 (Research 

Opportunities in Space and Earth Science) Omnibus NRA. All major acquisitions for Rosetta, 

Hayabusa, Planetary Data System (PDS), Astromaterial Curation, and Near Earth Object 

Observation are in place. The following institutions operate the PDS nodes: Atmospheres Node 

(NMSU); Engineering Node (JPL); Geosciences Node (Wash U St. Louis); HiRISE Data Node (UAZ); 

Human Interface Design (ARC); Imaging Node (USGS Flagstaff); Navigation Ancillary Information 

Facility (NAIF at JPL); Planetary Plasma Interactions Node (UCLA); Radio Science (SETI); Rings 

Node (SETI); Small Bodies Node (U of MD); JPL, and ARC.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-98
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Lunar Quest Program

The Lunar Quest Program (LQP) goal is to conduct science exploration of the Moon through research 

and analysis, and through the development of a series of small-medium satellite and surface 

missions. The LQP answers the National Research Council report, "The Scientific Context for 

Exploration of the Moon" (SCEM) and fits within NASA's Space Exploration Policy to scientifically 

explore our Solar System. The LQP complements other lunar missions sponsored by NASA and 

international agencies. 







The goal of the LQP is to provide small robotic lunar science investigations and lunar research and 

analysis addressing prioritized science objectives. LQP objectives include: 



- Re-establish lunar science and a lunar science community;



- Facilitate the application of enhancing or enabling technologies to support flight missions; and



- Enhance science opportunities in the implementation of NASA's lunar exploration goals.







In order to achieve LPQ goals and objectives, the program currently exists as a loosely coupled, multi

-element science program with both flight and research opportunities. The projects will be 

independent but will also have interrelated objectives and a common management and funding 

structure. The LQP program element includes two classes of flight opportunities for lunar science 

investigations: small robotic science spacecraft or landers and a Mission of Opportunity (MoO). The 

Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) and the International Lunar Network 

(ILN) are two small robotic orbiter and lander missions currently under formulation as part of the LQP. 

The LQP also includes a Lunar Science Research and Analysis (R&A) element that will enhance 

participation and collaboration within the lunar science community. This science participation will 

provide near-term activity stimulating and reinvigorating the broad scientific community enticing 

international collaboration for mutual leverage in accomplishing lunar goals and objectives. 







In the FY 2009 Request, funding for these efforts was carried under the Planetary Science Research 

Program. The human space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result in 

changes to the robotic lunar exploration program. NASA will notify Congress if there are any changes 

to the request.

Program Overview

International Lunar Network 0.0 10.0 3.7 16.3 48.9 81.2 79.3

Lunar Atmosphere and Dust 

Environment Explorer

5.1 30.2 66.5 73.9 31.1 0.0 0.0

Lunar Science 36.2 64.8 33.3 52.4 58.5 64.3 39.4

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

41.3 105.0 103.6 142.6 138.6 145.5 118.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 41.3 105.0 103.6 142.6 138.6 145.5 --

Note: The human space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result in changes to the robotic lunar 

exploration program. NASA will notify Congress if there are any changes to the request.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-99
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Lunar Quest Program

Confirm LADEE for Implementation Phase (KDP-C).







Complete ILN Phase A (KDP-A) by the end of CY 2010.







Release Research Announcement soliciting Research & Analysis proposals and make selections. 

The human space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result in changes to 

the robotic lunar exploration program. NASA will notify Congress if there are any changes to the 

request.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-100
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Lunar Quest Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Currently in Pre-Phase A, the ILN Anchor Nodes will be the backbone of a lunar geophysical 

network, providing global coverage by involving US and international landed missions as individual 

stations working together - the first US robotic lunar landers since 1968! The ILN Anchor Nodes 

project is a cooperative effort between Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and the Johns Hopkins 

University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The ILN mission will deliver and will operate 

geophysical instrument packages at different places on the lunar surface. The nominal mission 

length is for six years concurrent of surface operations, including operating the instruments through 

lunar night. The human space flight review being undertaken during the summer of 2009 may result 

in changes to the International Lunar Network and the robotic lunar exploration program. NASA will 

notify Congress if there are any changes to the request.

International Lunar Network (ILN)

Currently in Phase A, LADEE, the first LQP mission, is a cooperative effort between Ames Research 

Center (ARC) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The LADEE mission objective is to 

address high priority science goals as identified by the NRC report, to determine the global density, 

composition, and time variability of the fragile lunar atmosphere before it is further perturbed by 

future human activity. LADEE's measurements will also determine the size, charge, and spatial 

distribution of electrostatically transported dust grains and assess their likely effects on lunar 

exploration and lunar-based astronomy. Additionally, LADEE will carry the optical laser 

communications package to be provided by the Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD). The 

optical laser will technically demonstrate high bandwidth communication from the Moon. The orbiter 

is currently planned for a launch in May 2012. The nominal science mission is 100 days in length, 

with an option for an additional year of laser communications demonstrations.

Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)

Lunar Research & Analysis (R&A) will enhance participation and collaboration within the lunar 

science community. It is composed of competed research and analysis opportunities such as: 

National Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) - a virtual institute of geographically dispersed researchers 

and institutions, directed by the Ames Research Center for management and implementation; Lunar 

Advanced Science and Exploration Research (LASER) - a lunar-only element in the Research 

Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) NASA Research Announcement (NRA); Lunar 

Data Competed Studies - research and analysis of existing and new lunar science data procured 

under other ROSES elements. 







After one year of operation to accomplish Exploration objectives, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 

(LRO) will be transitioned to SMD/Planetary Science in August 2010 to start a two-year lunar science 

mission as identified by the NRC (Decadal Survey and Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon 

[SCEM] report). The LRO Science Mission will give the scientific community a unique opportunity to 

concentrate the capabilities of the 7 LRO instruments on focused lunar science investigations 

identified from the data obtained in the "mapping" mission. The focused investigations will allow us 

to quantify our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon.







Lunar Program Management provides management and oversight of the Lunar Quest selected flight 

missions. This line also provides for independent panel reviews and selections process efforts.

Lunar Science

SCI-101
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Lunar Quest Program

Conduct scientific investigations to achieve SMD 

lunar science goals and objectives in the 

"Scientific Context for Exploration of the 

Moon" (SCEM, 2007).

Lunar Quest Program New Program

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

International Lunar Network 

(ILN)

MSFC MSFC, APL, KSC, 

GRC, DOE

TBD

Research & Analysis HQ ARC, GSFC, MSFC, 

JPL, JSC

N/A

LADEE MSFC ARC, GSFC, KSC N/A

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Scientific mission priorities and assignment responsibilities reside with SMD. MSFC has Lunar Quest 

program management responsibility.

Lunar Reconnaissance 

Orbiter (LRO) Science 

Mission

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Aug-10 Sep-13

Form

Research Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-08 Sep-22

Form

International Lunar 

Network (ILN) 1 & 2

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-12

Jan-17

Dec-16

Jan-23

Form Mar-08 Sep-12

Lunar Atmosphere and 

Dust Environment 

Explorer (LADEE)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-10

Jun-12

May-12

Sep-13

Form Mar-08 Jun-10

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-102
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Lunar Quest Program

Performance IPAO NA Standing Review Board (SRB) will be assigned 

to first perform a Program Acceptance Review 

(PAR) assessing the Program's readiness to 

enter implementation. Following approval to 

enter implementation, the SRB will thereafter 

conduct biannual Program Implementation 

Reviews (PIRs) throughout implementation to 

assure the program is operating according to the 

program plan and that it is successfully meeting 

program objectives.

04/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The LQP acquisition strategy is to direct development of flight projects including the spacecraft bus 

to NASA centers, competitively select instruments and science team participation through the 

Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) NASA Research Announcement 

(NRA) and the Stand Alone Missions of Opportunity (SALMON) AO processes. 







Major acquisitions for the LADEE (ARC and GSFC) and ILN (MSFC) projects are in place. NASA 

has selected ARC and GSFC to provide the spacecraft for LADEE, and MSFC to provide the 

spacecraft for ILN. Three science instruments have been selected for LADEE (Neutral Mass 

Spectrometer [NMS], UV Spectrometer [UVS], and Lunar Dust EXperiment [LDEX], and an optical 

communication package. The NMS instrument will be provided by GSFC, ARC will provide UVS, 

University of Colorado/LASP will provide LDEX, and SOMD selected MIT/LL and GSFC to provide its 

LLCD contribution. 







Science instruments and research and analysis of existing and new lunar science data are to be 

procured under the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) NASA Research 

Announcement (NRA). Mission of opportunity (MO) are to be selected via the Stand Alone Missions 

of Opportunity (SALMON) AO.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-103
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-104
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Robotic space exploration holds tremendous opportunity for exploration and discovery. Even with the 

vast amount of knowledge gained since exploration of the solar system began, there are many 

unanswered questions about the origin and evolution of our own solar system. NASA's Discovery 

Program provides the opportunity to utilize innovative missions to uncover the mysteries of the solar 

system. It provides highly-focused planetary science investigations designed to increase our 

understanding of the solar system and its evolution. The Discovery Program offers the scientific 

community the opportunity to assemble and lead cross-functional teams to design and implement 

exciting science investigations that complement NASA's larger planetary science missions. 







All completed Discovery missions (NEAR, Mars Pathfinder, Lunar Prospector, Deep Impact, Stardust, 

and Genesis) have achieved groundbreaking science, with each taking a unique approach to space 

exploration. Current Discovery missions include: ASPERA-3, MESSENGER, Dawn, Moon Mineralogy 

Mapper (M3), EPOXI, StardustNExT, and the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL). 

Additional details on the GRAIL mission are contained in the GRAIL "Project in Development" pages. 







For more information regarding the Discovery Program, see http:/discovery.nasa.gov.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

153.0 124.6 135.5 143.0 301.3 134.8 --

Gravity Recovery and Interior 

Laboratory (GRAIL)

0.0 122.4 122.8 113.1 24.9 5.7 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

153.0 247.0 258.3 256.0 326.1 140.5 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

69.3 124.6 89.1 129.9 215.4 251.8 264.3

Gravity Recovery and Interior 

Laboratory (GRAIL)

67.0 122.4 124.1 104.8 41.4 4.7 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

136.4 247.0 213.2 234.6 256.8 256.5 264.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request -16.6 0.0 -45.1 -21.4 -69.3 116.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-105
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

The MESSENGER spacecraft will have completed its third fly-by of Mercury in late FY 2009 (9/2009) 

and will begin preparations for its Mercury orbit insertion in 2011. The Dawn spacecraft will be 

cruising from a Mars gravity assist in February 2009 in preparation for its Vesta encounter in 2011. 

ASPERA-3 will complete collection of data on its extended mission of Mars Express. The Moon 

Mineralology Mapper (M3) instrument, as a part of the ISRO's Chandrayaan-1 payload, will continue 

to collect its science measurements and perform data analysis. The EPOXI mission will be 

approaching and will begin preparation for the encounter of its target, comet Hartley 2, in November 

2010. GRAIL will complete its Critical Design Review in the first quarter of FY 2010 and plans to 

begin Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO) by the end of 2010. The next Announcement 

of Opportunity (AO) for a new Discovery mission will be released in CY 2009 followed by a concept 

study and selection in 2010.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-106
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

GRAIL is in its development phase. GRAIL will perform high-quality gravity field mapping of the 

Moon to determine its interior structure. GRAIL will provide the most accurate global gravity field to 

date for any planet, including Earth. GRAIL will enable the public to directly interact with 

observations through cameras on each satellite dedicated to public outreach and education. GRAIL 

was selected in December 2007 and given approval to proceed into its Development Phase (Phase 

C) in January 28, 2009. GRAIL is currently scheduled to launch in September 2011. Additional detail 

can be found in the GRAIL section of this document.

GRAIL

SCI-107
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

The Dawn mission while in its operations phase, has begun a journey to the two largest and most 

massive asteroids in our solar system, Vesta and Ceres. Vesta's physical characteristics reflect 

those of the inner planets, whereas Ceres' are more like the icy moons of the outer planets. By 

studying these contrasts and comparing these two minor planets, scientists will develop an 

understanding of the transition from the rocky inner regions to the icy outer regions of the Solar 

System. The Dawn mission marks the first time a spacecraft will orbit a body in the main asteroid belt 

and the first time a spacecraft will orbit two targets, enabling a detailed and intensive study of both. 

Dawn launched in September 2007. After a Mars gravity assist in February 2009, the Dawn 

spacecraft will encounter and orbit Vesta in 2011, then travel an additional three years to reach and 

orbit Ceres. 







MESSENGER, a mission to Mercury, is in its operations phase and launched on August 3, 2004. It 

has collected the first images toward providing coverage of the entire planet and collected detailed 

information on the composition and structure of Mercury's crust, its geologic history, the nature of its 

thin atmosphere and active magnetosphere, and the makeup of its core and polar materials. 

MESSENGER is the first deep-space mission to use a circularly polarized phased-array antenna - 

the antenna "points" electronically, which allows MESSENGER to return a large amount of data 

without using a deployable, gimbaled antenna (such as the one that failed to deploy on the Galileo 

mission). MESSENGER carries seven scientific instruments and a radio science experiment to 

accomplish an ambitious objective: return the first data from Mercury orbit. The miniaturized payload ' 

designed to work in the extreme environment near the Sun ' will image all of Mercury for the first 

time, as well as gather data on the composition and structure of Mercury's crust, its geologic history, 

the nature of its active agnetosphere and thin atmosphere, and the makeup of its core and the 

materials near its poles.







As a result of three 2006 Discovery missions of opportunity being selected on June 19, 2007, Deep 

Impact and Stardust are both in extended operations phase. The EPOCh mission will use the highresolution camera on the Deep Impact spacecraft to search for Earth-sized planets around other 

stars. The DIXI mission will investigate comets using the existing Deep Impact spacecraft for an 

extended flyby mission to a second comet to take pictures of its nucleus and increase our 

understanding of the diversity of comets. These two missions were combined into the joint mission 

EPOXI. The Stardust NExT will use the existing Stardust spacecraft for a flyby of comet Tempel 1. 

Since the Deep Impact mission visited Tempel 1 in 2005, the comet has made another close 

approach to the sun, possibly eroding its surface. This flyby is to look for surface changes to Tempel 

1 since 2005. 







ASPERA-3, a Mission of Opportunity, is in its operational phase. It is one of seven instruments 

aboard the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft in orbit around Mars, with a goal to 

study the interaction of the solar wind and Martian atmosphere. The measurements taken by this 

instrument will help answer the question of how strongly the interplanetary plasma and 

electromagnetic fields affect the Martian atmosphere. 







The M3 instrument, in its operation phase, is part of the scientific payload for ISRO's Chandrayaan-1 

mission which launched October 2008 from India. Primary objectives of M3 are to assess the mineral 

resources of the Moon, and characterize and map the composition of the surface at high spatial 

resolution. The M3 payload has reached its final polar orbit of the Moon and will operate during the 

next two years with active data collection concentrated into four 2-month periods. While Global 

mapping has top priority, additional targeted mapping will occur at M3's highest resolution.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-108
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

The Discovery Research line provides funding for: Discovery Data Analysis; Sample Return 

Laboratory Instruments (SRLI) which supports development of new instruments for use in terrestrial 

laboratories to analyze samples returned from NASA Planetary Science missions; Data Analysis 

Program (DAP); and participating scientists for the MESSENGER mission. As stated in the ROSES 

NRA, the DAP is "...to enhance the scientific return of the completed Discovery missions by 

broadening the science participation in the analysis of data collected and samples returned ...." 

Specifically, the DAP allows scientists not previously associated with Discovery missions an 

opportunity to perform data analysis of the data archived in the Planetary Data System or samples 

(such as those from Stardust) stored at the JSC curation facility, which is also funded by this project. 

Data access through the Discovery Research project allows a much broader, and perhaps more 

objective analysis of the data and samples, and also allows research to continue for many years after 

the mission has been completed. Areas for additional data analyses are proposed by scientists 

throughout the US planetary community and are competitively selected with major input from science 

community peer review. 







The Discovery Future line provides funds for future Discovery flight missions to be selected via a 

competitive Announcement of Opportunity (AO) process. Discovery Program Management provides 

for the management of the Discovery selected flight missions. This line also provides for the 

development of Announcements of Opportunity (AOs), and supports independent panel reviews and 

selections process.

Other Missions & Data Analysis (Continued)

Complete current prime and funded extended 

operating missions.

Dawn, MESSENGER, ASPERA-3, 

EPOXI and StardustNExT

Same

Launch an average of one mission per 24 

months .

Discovery Program Same

Complete design and begin spacecraft 

development and assembly

GRAIL Same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-109
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Discovery Management Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-99 Sep-22

Form

GRAIL Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-09

Oct-11

Sep-11

Jul-12

Form Oct-07 Mar-09

Stardust NExT Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-07 Feb-11

Form

EPOXI Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-07 Oct-11

Form

Moon Mineralogy 

Mapper (M3)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-06

Mar-08

Mar-08

Jun-12

Form Mar-05 Feb-06

Dawn Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Feb-04

Sep-07

Sep-07

Nov-15

Form Dec-01

ASPERA-3 Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Sep-00

Jun-03

Jun-03

May-11

Form

MESSENGER Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-01

Aug-04

Aug-04

Mar-13

Form Jul-99 Jun-01

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-110
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Program Management

M3 MSFC JPL ISRO spacecraft provider. USGS.

EPOXI MSFC JPL Max-Planck-Institute in Garsching, 

Germany

Stardust-NExT (Stardust-New 

Exploration of Tempel)

MSFC JPL None

GRAIL MSFC GSFC, JPL, KSC None

Dawn MSFC JPL German Aerospace Center (DLR); Los 

Alamos National Labs (LANL); Italian 

Space Agency; and Max-Planck.

MESSENGER MSFC GSFC, JPL None

ASPERA-3 MSFC Sweden; European Space Agency 

(ESA).

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

MSFC is responsible for Discovery program management. Scientific mission priorities and 

assignment of responsibilities reside with the Science Mission Directorate.

SCI-111
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Performance IPAO 10/2008 Verified compliance with Agency requirements 

for program implementation and alignment with 

Agency strategic goals and objectives. The 

Discovery Program provides effective technical 

and schedule analysis support to the projects 

and continues to actively use risk-based insight 

as part of its oversight of the projects. The AO 

process has proven to be a well-defined, 

disciplined process that is viewed by the science 

community as fair and effective.

10/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

With the exception of future NASA Announcements of Opportunity, all major acquisitions are in 

place. 







Southwest Research Institute employs the Principal Investigator and Lead Scientist for ASPERA-3. 







The University of California at Los Angeles sponsors the Principal Investigator and Lead Scientist for 

the Dawn mission. 







Brown University sponsors the Principal Investigator and Lead Scientist for M3. SAIC, University of 

Hawaii, and University of Tennessee are also participants. 







The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington employs the 

Principal Investigator and Lead Scientist for MESSENGER. 







The University of Maryland employs the Principal Investigator for the EPOXI Mission of Opportunity, 

the combined EPOCh and DIXI missions.







Cornell University employs the Principal Investigator for the Stardust New Exploration of Tempel 1 

(NExT) Mission of Opportunity. 







The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) employs the Principal Investigator and leads the 

GRAIL mission. 







The Discovery Program solicits proposals for full planetary missions and missions of opportunity. The 

proposals are put together by teams led by a PI which may include firms, small businesses, 

government and universities. The initial phase of each competitive selection is a concept study, and 

several missions and missions of opportunity are generally selected for this phase. At the completion 

of the study phase, one or more concepts may be selected for development, based on their 

continued scientific merit, technical, management and cost viability, and the availability of funding.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-112
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Project In Development: Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

GRAIL was confirmed to proceed into implementation phase (KDP-C or Phase C/D) on January 28, 

2009. This budget reflects GRAIL approved baseline for schedule, development cost, and life-cyclecost (LCC) with the 70% cost confidence level.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 13.7 4.7 -- 0.0 18.7

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 40.0 100.1 124.1 104.5 27.7 0.0 -- 0.0 396.4

Formulation 0.0 27.0 22.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 49.3

Other 0.0 0.0 -122.4 -122.8 -113.1 -24.9 -5.6 -- 0.0 -388.8

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.0 67.0 0.0 1.3 -8.3 16.5 -0.9 -- 0.0 75.6

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Formulation 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 1.2

Other 0.0 0.0 122.4 122.8 113.1 24.9 5.7 -- 0.0 388.8

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

1.2 0.0 122.4 122.8 113.1 24.9 5.7 -- 0.0 390.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 13.7 4.7 0.0 0.0 18.7

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 40.0 100.1 124.1 104.5 27.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 396.4

Formulation 1.2 27.0 22.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.5

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

1.2 67.0 122.4 124.1 104.8 41.4 4.7 0.0 0.0 465.6

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $30.6M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and 

the April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of the initial operating plan, the estimated lifecycle cost will be $496.2M, 

and the estimated development cost will be $427.0M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-113
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Project In Development: Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

Project Commitments

Lunar Gravity Ranging 

System JPL

Ka-band ranging system 

determines the precise 

instantaneous relative 

range-rate of the two s/c

Same Same

E/PO MoonKam Sally Ride Science 

(SRS)

Take images of the moon, 

the data will enrich the 

middle school space 

science curriculum

Same Same

Launch Vehicle ULA CLIN23 - Delta II Heavy Same Same

Flight System Lockheed Martin

2 spacecraft with s/c 

separation of 175-225 km, 

conducting 90-day science 

phase

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

GRAIL was selected in December 2007 under the 2006 Discovery Announcement of Opportunity. The 

overarching scientific goal of the GRAIL mission is to determine the structure of the lunar interior from 

crust to core. The GRAIL mission will also advance our understanding of the thermal evolution of the 

Moon and extend our knowledge gained from the Moon to the other terrestrial-type planets. 



GRAIL will conduct six lunar science experiments: map the structure of the crust and lithosphere; 

study the moon's asymmetric thermal evolution; determine the subsurface structure of impact basins 

and the origin and of masons (i.e., high-gravity areas); study the temporal evolution of crustal 

brecciation and magmatism; study affect on the structure of the deep lunar interior from lunar tides; 

and understand the size of the possible lunar inner core.

Project Purpose

GRAIL will achieve its science objectives by placing twin spacecraft in a low altitude (50 km), and 

nearly circular, polar orbit. The two spacecraft will perform high-precision range-rate measurements 

between them. Analysis of changes in the spacecraft-to-spacecraft range-rate data caused by 

gravitational differences will provide direct and high-precision measurements of the lunar gravity. 

GRAIL will ultimately provide a global, high-accuracy (<10 mGal), high-resolution (30 km) gravity map 

of the moon. The instrument is based on the successful Earth orbiting Gravity Recovery and Climate 

Experiment (GRACE) mission.

Project Parameters

SCI-114
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Project In Development: Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

Schedule Commitments

End of Prime Mission June 2012 same same

Launch Readiness Review September 2011 Same Same

System Integration Review (formerly ATLO) July 2010 Same Same

Critical Design Review (CDR) November 2009 Same Same

Development (Phase C/D or KDP-C) January 28, 2009 Same Same

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Gravity Recovery 

and Interior 

Laboratory

2009 427.0 2009 427.0 0

Launch 

Readiness 9/8/2011 9/8/2011 0

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other 99.7 99.7 0.0

Launch Vehicle 152.8 152.8 0.0

Science 10.8 10.8 0.0

Ground System 12.3 12.3 0.0

Spacecraft 133.3 133.3 0.0

Payload 18.1 18.1 0.0

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 427.0 427.0 0.0

GRAIL was confirmed to proceed into implementation phase (KDP-C or Phase C/D) on January 28, 

2009. This budget reflects the approved GRAIL Project baseline for schedule, development cost, and 

life-cycle-cost (LCC).

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-115
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Discovery

Project In Development: Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

Launch Vehicle One significant risk is the 

continued availability of Delta 

II line and launch pad at 

affordable costs

ULA is committed to ensuring that the Delta II will be ready 

and continued insight/oversight with KSC.

Spacecraft & Reaction Wheel Both GRAIL spacecraft are 

largely single string, and the 

light weight Reaction Wheel 

(RW) is a new development.

The single string risks are mitigated by use of proven 

designs, high reliability parts, and additional testing of critical 

systems, consistent with the cost and schedule constraints of 

the project. If the light weight reaction wheel development 

falls behind schedule, the project will revert back to an 

existing RW.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

GRAIL was selected competitively in December 13, 2007 under a Discovery Program Announcement 

of Opportunity (AO-NNH06ZDA001O).

Acquisition Strategy

The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Project is part of the Discovery Program managed by 

Marshall Space Flight Center. The Principal Investigator from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

has delegated day-to-day project management to JPL.

Performance IPAO 10/2008

Assess cost, schedule, and risk status of 

project. Findings for the review showed that cost 

and schedule for the 2011 launch are consistent 

with the project's plans.

10/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-116
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

The New Frontiers Program, comprised of medium-sized to large-sized missions, constitutes a critical 

element of NASA's solar system exploration capability. Proposed science targets for the New 

Frontiers Program have included Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, Jupiter, Venus, and sample returns from 

Earth's Moon and a comet nucleus. The program accomplishes high-quality planetary science 

investigations using efficient management approaches. The program's prime objectives are to 

enhance our understanding of the solar system as it is today, and of the solar system's formation and 

evolution. 







New Horizons and Juno are New Frontiers selected flight missions. New Horizons will conduct 

reconnaissance of Pluto and its moon Charon. Juno's overarching scientific goal is to understand the 

origin and evolution of Jupiter.







For more information, see http://newfrontiers.msfc.nasa.gov.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

23.9 19.0 25.1 64.3 213.3 219.1 --

Juno 108.3 245.0 225.2 168.0 14.4 17.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

132.2 263.9 250.3 232.3 227.7 236.9 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

20.2 19.0 26.9 65.7 222.8 222.0 231.5

Juno 95.0 245.0 237.2 174.2 71.4 17.8 18.1

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

115.1 263.9 264.1 239.9 294.2 239.8 249.6

Changes from FY 2009 Request -17.1 0.0 13.8 7.5 66.5 2.9 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-117
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

The New Frontiers Program is built around a core of high-priority science missions identified by the 

science community by the National Academy of Sciences. The program allows NASA to solicit 

competitive innovative proposals from scientists for large new planetary missions that promise the 

Nation a high return in knowledge gained relative to the cost.







The Juno Mission completed the Preliminary Design Review (PDR)/Non-Advocate Review (NAR) in 

FY 2008 and NASA confirmed Juno to proceed to Phase C/D at a 70-percent confidence level. The 

Juno Mission will start Critical Design Review (CDR) by mid- FY 2009. In FY 2010 the Juno mission 

will enter into ATLO.







By FY 2010, New Horizons will have long passed the orbit of Saturn on its cruise to Pluto. It is on 

track for a July 2015 arrival. The cruise period will include periodic spacecraft and instrument 

checkouts and dress rehearsals for the Pluto fly-by. 







The third New Frontiers AO will be released in May 2009. Concept studies selection is expected in 

2010.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-118
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The New Frontiers Future Project provides funds for future New Frontiers space missions to be 

selected via a competitive Announcement of Opportunity process. The Third Announcement of 

Opportunity (NF-3) draft was released to the community for comments in late 2008. The AO is 

expected to be released for competition in May 2009. The science targets for this NF-3 AO include: 

South Pole Aitken Basin Sample Return, Comet Surface sample return, Venus In-Situ Explorer, 

Network Mars Science, Trojan/Centaur, Asteroid Sample Return, Io Observer, and Ganymede 

Observer. Mission selection is expected by late CY 2010 or early 2011.







The New Frontiers Research line provides for the Jupiter Data Analysis Project (JDAP), which 

broadens the science community participation in the analysis of mission data, and allows scientists 

outside the selected flight team to look at the data from the mission, do research, and publish their 

findings. Data access through the New Horizons Research project allows a much broader, and 

perhaps more objective analysis of data and samples. Without JDAP, the findings and publications 

would not come out until years after the mission, since the New Horizons mission team members are 

very busy while the spacecraft is flying. Furthermore, the JDAP project facilitates new ideas and 

approaches, getting young people started in science, and broadening participation to get a critical 

mass of scientific talent working on mission data at the critical time. In FY 2010 the JDAP program 

will move to the Outer Planets Research Program.







On January 19, 2006, the New Horizons mission successfully launched on an Atlas V launch vehicle. 

New Horizons will reach Pluto and its moon, Charon, in July 2015. New Horizons will conduct a 

reconnaissance of the Pluto-Charon system, mapping their surface composition and surface 

temperatures, characterizing their geology, characterizing the atmosphere of Pluto, searching for an 

atmosphere around Charon, and searching for rings and additional satellites around Pluto. 







New Frontiers Program Management resides at MSFC and is responsible for selected missions 

(New Horizons and Juno), and provides for the development of Announcements of Opportunity. The 

Program Office also supports independent panel review and selection processes.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

Juno, now in its development phase, is a mission to Jupiter scheduled to launch in August 2011. 

The Juno science goals are to: determine the oxygen to hydrogen ratio to determine water 

abundance and estimate core mass in order to decide among alternative theories of planetary origin; 

understand Jupiter's interior structure and dynamic properties, including internal convection and the 

size and mass of its core, through mapping of its gravitational and magnetic fields with 

unprecedented accuracy; map variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and 

dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars at all latitudes; and characterize and explore the threedimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and auroras. Juno uses a simple, spinstabilized spacecraft in an elliptical polar orbit that minimizes radiation exposure by flying under 

Jupiter's radiation belts at perijove and outside them at apojove. Juno's baseline orbit remains 

continuously in sunlight, resulting in benign and stable thermal conditions. Spin stability eliminates 

complex, power-hungry attitude control components such as reaction wheels. Additional detail can 

be found in the Juno Project section of this document and at 

http://newfrontiers.nasa.gov/missions_juno.html.

Juno

SCI-119
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Launch an average of one mission per 52 

months

New Frontiers Program same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

Juno MSFC JPL, KSC, GSFC Italian Space Agency (ASI)

New Frontiers Research HQ Multi-Center None

New Horizons MSFC GSFC, JPL None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Science Mission Directorate assigns scientific mission priorities and program responsibilities. 

MSFC has New Frontiers program management responsibility.

New Frontiers 

Research

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-08 Sep-22

Form

Juno Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-08

Aug-11

Aug-11

Aug-18

Form Jul-04 Aug-08

New Horizons Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-03

Jan-06

Jan-06

Sep-17

Form Nov-01 Mar-03

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Development (Dev)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-120
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Performance IPAO 10/2007 Verified compliance with Agency requirements 

for program implementation and alignment with 

Agency strategic goals and objectives. The New 

Frontiers Program provides effective technical 

and schedule analysis support to the projects 

and continues to actively use risk-based insight 

as part of its oversight of the projects. The AO 

process has proven to be a well-defined, 

disciplined process that is viewed by the science 

community as fair and effective.

12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Future acquisitions of New Frontiers missions occur under open Announcement of Opportunity (AO) 

competitions. The New Frontiers Program solicits proposals for an entire mission (including 

instruments), put together by teams led by PIs and comprised of people from industry, small 

businesses, government, and academia. 







Major acquisitions for the New Horizons (APL) and Juno (JPL) projects are in place. 







The Principal Investigator for New Horizons is at SouthWest Research Institute, Boulder, CO. Johns 

Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory has project management responsibility. 







The Juno Principal Investigator is from the SouthWest Research Institute, San Antonio. Jet 

Propulsion Laboratory provides mission project management and Lockheed Martin Space Systems 

will build the spacecraft. The Italian Space Agency, ASI, is contributing the Ka-band and Infrared 

Spectrometer instrument.







New Frontiers Research will be funded competitively, selected from the ROSES NRA.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-121
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

NASA confirmed Juno to proceed into implementation phase (KDP-C or Phase C/D) on August 05, 

2008. The Juno budget is increased to reflect KDP-C decision which established the project's 

schedule and baseline budget to include a 70% cost confidence level.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 24.5 17.8 -- 102.3 178.4

Development / 

Implementation

0.1 39.5 245.0 237.2 158.5 46.9 0.0 -- 0.0 727.2

Formulation -0.1 55.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 55.4

Other 0.0 -108.3 -245.0 -225.2 -168.0 -14.4 -17.8 -- 0.1 -778.6

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.0 -13.3 0.0 12.0 6.2 57.0 0.0 -- 102.4 182.4

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Formulation 130.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 130.9

Other 0.0 108.3 245.0 225.2 168.0 14.4 17.8 -- 0.0 778.6

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

130.9 108.3 245.0 225.2 168.0 14.4 17.8 -- 0.0 909.5

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 24.5 17.8 18.1 102.3 178.4

Development / 

Implementation

0.1 39.5 245.0 237.2 158.5 46.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 727.2

Formulation 130.8 55.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 186.3

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 --

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

130.9 95.0 245.0 237.2 174.2 71.4 17.8 18.1 102.4 1,091.9

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $15.1M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and 

the April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of the initial operating plan, the estimated lifecycle cost of Juno will be 

$1,107.0M, and the estimated development cost will be $742.3M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-122
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

NASA selected Juno on July 15, 2005, under the New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity. The 

overarching scientific goal of the Juno mission is to improve our understanding of the origin and 

evolution of Jupiter. However, as the archetype of giant planets, Jupiter can also provide knowledge 

that will improve our understanding of both the origin of our solar system and of planetary systems 

being discovered around other stars. The investigation focuses on the four science objectives:







Origin: Determine the oxygen-to-hydrogen ratio to determine water abundance and estimate core 

mass to decide among alternative theories of planetary origin.



 



Interior: Understand Jupiter's interior structure and dynamic properties through mapping of its 

gravitational and magnetic fields with unprecedented accuracy, including internal convection and the 

size and mass of its core.







Atmosphere: Map variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, and cloud opacity and 

dynamics, to depths greater than 100 bars, at all latitudes.







Magnetosphere: Characterize and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar 

magnetosphere and auroras. 







These objectives have been rated very highly in the National Academy of Sciences' Solar System 

Exploration Decadal Survey and Sun-Earth Connections Decadal Survey. The Astrophysics Decadal 

Survey identified the study of star formation, their planetary systems, as well as giant and terrestrial 

planet birth and evolution as high priority. Juno fulfills key goals outlined in recent NASA and NRC 

studies and is relevant to NASA's Vision for Space Exploration.

Project Purpose

Juno achieves the science objectives by using a simple spinning, solar-powered spacecraft to make 

global maps of the gravity, magnetic fields, and atmospheric composition of Jupiter from a unique 

elliptical polar orbit with a close perijove. The spacecraft carries precise, high-sensitivity radiometers, 

magnetometers, and gravity science systems. Juno's 32 orbits extensively sample Jupiter's full range 

of latitudes and longitudes. From its polar perspective Juno combines in-situ and remote sensing 

observations to explore the polar magnetosphere and determine what drives Jupiter's remarkable 

auroras.

Project Parameters

SCI-123
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

Project Commitments

Launch Vehicle KSC C3 = 32.0 km2/s2, 

Capability=3545 kg Same Same

Jovian Auroral 

Distributions 

Experiment (JADE)

Southwest Research 

Institute (SwRI)

Ion mass spectrometer & 

electron analyzers; 

measures auroral 

distributions of electrons 

and ions

Same Same

UV Spectrometer 

(UVS)

Southwest Research 

Institute (SwRI)

FUV spectral imager for 

auroral emissions Same Same

Spacecraft Lockheed Martin

Solar-powered, spinstabilized spacecraft in an 

elliptical polar orbit that 

minimizes radiation 

exposure

Same Same

Microwave Radiometer 

(MWR) Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)

6 wavelengths (1.3-50 cm); 

sounds atmosphere to 

determine water and 

ammonia abundances

Same Same

Waves University of Iowa

Measures radio and 

plasma emissions; 4 m 

elec. dipole and search coil

Same Same

Flux-Gate 

Magnetometer (FGM) GSFC Maps Jupiter's Magnetic Field (Vector) Same Same

Gravity Science Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)

Maps Jupiter's gravitational 

field to determine structure 

of core; X & Ka-band 

precision Doppler

Same Same

Jupiter Energetic 

particle Detector 

Instrument (JEDI)

John Hopkins Applied 

Physics Lab (APL)

Measures auroral 

distributions of electrons 

and ions; TOF vs. energy, 

ion & electron sensors

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Juno launch date is August 2011, and after a five-year cruise to Jupiter, Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI) is 

scheduled for October 2016. Juno will perform one year of science operations.

SCI-124
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

Schedule Commitments

CDR 3/2009 same 4/2009

Development

Launch 8/2011 same same

ATLO Readiness 3/2010 same same

PDR 5/2008 same same

Formulation

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Formulation started at project selection in July 2005. Juno proceeded into the implementation phase 

on August 5, 2008.

Juno 2009 742.3 2009 742.3 0

Launch 

Readiness 8/7/2011 8/7/2011 0

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other Direct Project Costs 220.6 220.6 0.0

Science/Technology 22.1 22.1 0.0

Ground Systems 8.8 8.8 0.0

Launch Vehicle 190.4 190.4 0.0

Payloads 63.9 63.9 0.0

Spacecraft 236.5 236.5 0.0

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 742.3 742.3 0.0

Juno was confirmed to proceed into implementation phase (KDP-C or Phase C/D) on August 05, 

2008. The budget and schedule reflect the approved Juno Project baseline schedule, development 

cost, and life-cycle-cost (LCC).

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Consistent with 1QTR FY2009 MPAR, below is detailed development estimate supporting August 

2011 launch readiness date (LRD).

Development Cost Details

SCI-125
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

Project Management

All major acquisitions are in place. Juno was selected competitively in July 15, 2005 under a New 

Frontiers Program Announcement of Opportunity (AO-03-OSS-03).

Acquisition Strategy

KaBand and IR science Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None Italian Space Agency (ASI)

JunoCam Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None None

Overall responsibility for 

the development, 

implementation, operation, 

and success of the mission

MSFC/New Frontiers 

Program Office None None

Flight System, Integration 

and Test Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None None

UVS and JADE instruments MSFC/New Frontiers 

Program Office None None

Vector Fluxgate 

Magnetometer (FGM) Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) None

Management; Microwave 

radiometer, and Gravity 

Science Experiment

MSFC/New Frontiers 

Program Office Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None

Plasma Waves Experiment 

(WAVE) Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None None

Jupiter energetic particle 

instrument (JEDI) Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) None None

Project Management Project Management & 

Oversight JPL N/A

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Juno is part of the New Frontiers Program, with program management at Marshall Space Flight 

Center. The Principal Investigator, from Southwest Research Institute, has delegated day-to-day Juno 

project management to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Performance IPAO /SRB 05/2008

Assess cost, schedule, and risk status of 

project/Findings for the review showed that cost 

and schedule for the 2011 launch are consistent 

with the project's plans.

04/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-126
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: New Frontiers

Project In Development: Juno

Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) 

performance

Highly unlikely degraded SRU 

performance on a spinning 

spacecraft in a high-radiation 

environment.

Initiated competitive study contracts and radiation testing to 

select SRU with best performance to meet project needs.

Mass Margin Highly possible erosion of 

mass margin as subsystems, 

such as solar arrays, 

complete CDR updates.

Scrubbing estimates and contingencies for erosion of mass 

margin.

Juno-MSL Launch conflict Possible Juno launch conflict 

with MSL launch slip to 

10/2011 resulting from the 

required 90-day launch 

separation window.

Working with MSL and the KSC launch service provider to 

validate the launch separation requirement and ascertain 

launch options.

Solar Array Performance Highly possible solar array 

performance could be less 

than expected in the lowintensity, low-temperature 

and high-radiation 

environment of Jupiter.

Performing early radiation tests on solar cells and 

conservative estimates of performance. Engaging 

independent team to assess and validate power generation 

models and assumptions.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

SCI-127
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-128
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Mars is the most Earth-like planet in our solar system, with land mass approximately equivalent to the 

Earth's and what appear to be familiar features such as riverbeds, past river deltas, and volcanoes. 

Mars has the best planetary record of the first billion years of our solar system and holds scientific 

clues to the development of the solar system, planets, and maybe life itself. The Mars Program has 

been developed to conduct a rigorous, incremental, discovery-driven exploration of Mars to determine 

the planet's physical, dynamic, and geological characteristics.







Phoenix arrived safely on the Martian surface and successfully completed its science objectives, 

producing stunning science data, the first views of the Martian arctic, discovery of perchlorates in the 

soil, a much more basic soil than hypothesized, and the first chemical of water (ice) on another 

planet. Spirit and Opportunity are five years into their surface exploration of Mars, and they continue 

to return a wealth of new results. Opportunity finished its exploration of Victoria Crater and is now 

moving south to Endurance Crater, twenty times larger than Victoria. Spirit has survived its third 

winter and conducted further studies in the area of what remains of an ancient hydrothermal system. 

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has completed its first phase of the science mission and 

has returned fantastic results highlighting the periodicity in the martian climate and delineating a 

plethora of minerals that have had interaction with water. Mars Odyssey is still going strong, the 

gamma-ray spectrometer has leant support to the idea of ancient oceans and the Thermal Emission 

Imaging System has found new evidence of salt deposits. Meanwhile, MSL delays to the 2011 launch 

opportunity due to technical/schedule problems and launch window constraint, and the Program has 

engaged ESA in investigating the options for a joint 2016 mission encompassing their ExoMars rover 

mission. 







For more information, see http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

190.3 156.5 162.1 137.4 132.8 292.0 --

MAVEN 57.7 6.7 68.5 152.5 170.7 121.8 --

2009 Mars Science Lab 305.5 223.3 69.0 54.6 37.6 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

553.5 386.5 299.6 344.5 341.1 413.8 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

163.3 151.6 158.7 131.2 155.7 310.9 476.1

MAVEN 1.0 6.7 53.4 168.7 182.6 138.4 30.6

2009 Mars Science Lab 545.0 223.3 204.0 194.6 67.3 65.0 30.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

709.3 381.6 416.1 494.5 405.5 514.3 536.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 155.8 -4.9 116.5 150.1 64.4 100.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-129
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) will complete remaining hardware builds, conduct Rover System 

Environmental Test Program, and be at the launch site by the 3rd quarter of FY 2010.







MAVEN will complete Preliminary Design Review (PDR) by 3rd quarter FY 2010. 







ExoMars instruments, including potential US collaborations/contributions, will have an extended 

Phase B in FY 2010.







Odyssey will be in a new orbit with improved sensitivity to detect minerals on the surface.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-130
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

NASA selected the second Mars Scout mission, Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), 

for formulation phase on September 15, 2008. Currently in it's formulation phase, MAVEN, a robotic 

orbiter mission, will provide a comprehensive picture of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, 

solar energetic drivers, and atmospheric losses. It will deliver key measurements addressing longstanding questions about the climate history and habitability of Mars. NASA's Goddard Space Flight 

Center in Greenbelt, MD., will manage the project. Lockheed Martin of Littleton, Colo., will build the 

spacecraft based on designs from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and 2001 Mars Odyssey 

missions.

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)

Currently in its implementation phase, MSL takes a major step forward in Mars exploration, both 

technically and scientifically, utilizing a new entry, descent, and landing system, a long-duration 

rover, and ten payload elements for definitive mineralogical and organics measurements. The 

primary scientific objective is to explore and quantitatively assess a local region on Mars as a 

potential habitat for past or present life. MSL will lay the ground work for future scientific missions, 

including Mars Sample Return, and will provide key information for human exploration. Additional 

detail can be found in the MSL Project section of this document. Due to technical problems and



launch window constraints, MSL has been delayed from the 2009 to the 2011 launch opportunity.

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)

SCI-131
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

In its third extended mission operation phase, the primary scientific objectives of Odyssey include 

more sensitive measurement of the mineralogy of the surface, monitoring of inter -annual variations 

of Mars climate and surface processes, acquiring future mission landing site data, and continuing as 

a key telecommunications relay at Mars. 







Currently in their sixth extended operation phase, both the Spirit and Opportunity rovers continue to 

explore geological settings on the surface of Mars using a suite of remote sensing and in-situ 

instruments. Their objective is to expand our understanding of the history and the geological 

processes that shaped Mars, particularly those involving water. 







Currently in its second extended mission operation phase, the objective of Mars Express, a 

European Space Agency and Italian Space Agency mission, is to search for sub-surface water from 

orbit. NASA participates in the scientific analysis of mission data, including the recent investigations 

into the mysterious deposits of the Medusae Fossae Formation. 







Currently in its first extended operation phase, MRO science objectives include: 1)provide highresolution spectral maps and images for interpretation of the geology of the Martian crust; 2)use 

ground-penetrating radar to map compositional discontinuation and layering under the surface; and 

3)create planetary-scale maps of critical atmospheric properties. MRO is also the key 

telecommunications relay for the first half of the next decade at Mars. 







Mars Mission Operations (MMO) provides management and leadership for the development and 

execution of Mars multi-mission operations. MMO supports and provides operational capabilities at a 

lower cost and risk to all current Mars projects. 







Once missions have concluded their primary mission phase, further funding for extended operations 

is allocated based on the findings of a senior review board. Their review of each mission enables 

them to make recommendations for the allocation of the extended operations budget based on 

scientific merit. 







NASA invests in research and analysis of Mars mission data in order to understand how geologic, 

climatic, and other processes have worked to shape Mars and its environment over time, as well as 

how they interact today.







NASA selected Urey and MOMA instrument proposals for technology development studies for 

potential inclusion in the European ExoMars mission. These instruments, currently in Phase B, would 

help cement future collaboration with ESA. Due to the ESA schedule, the ExoMars launch has been 

delayed from 2013 to the 2016 launch opportunity. 







The Mars Exploration Program plans future missions to Mars that build on scientific discoveries from 

past missions and incorporate the lessons learned from previous mission successes and failures. 

Missions in planning include a Mars mission in 2016, 2018, and potentially Mars Sample Return 

(MSR). Due to cost realism, and to better align with international partners' science, technical and 

schedule requirements, future Mars missions will likely be built on a joint international program and 

will use envisioned MSR technology to help retire technical risk of the MSR mission as budgets 

allow. It should be noted that the MSR current costs estimate is mature, but either additional funds 

or substantial foreign contributions will be required to implement the project in the 2020/2022 

timeframe.

Other Missions & Data Analysis

SCI-132
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

MEP will provide continual operational presence 

on Mars

Mars Exploration Same

At least one Mars mission will be launched at 

every opportunity (every 26 months)

Mars Exploration Missed the 2009 launch 

opportunity due to MSL required 

launch delay

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Mars R&A Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-00 Sep-22

Form

The Mars Atmosphere 

and Volatile EvolutioN



(MAVEN)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Sep-10

Nov-13

Dec-14

Nov-13

Dec-14

Jul-16

Form Sep-08 Sep-10

Mars Express Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Sep-00

Jun-03

Dec-05

Jun-03

Dec-05

Sep-11

Form Jan-00 Sep-00

Mars Science 

Laboratory (MSL)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-06

Dec-11

Oct-13

Dec-11

Oct-13

Oct-17

Form Nov-03 Aug-06

Mars Scout (Phoenix) Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-05

Aug-07

Aug-08

Aug-07

Aug-08

Nov-08

Form Aug-03 Mar-05

Mars Reconnaissance 

Orbiter (MRO)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jul-02

Aug-05

Oct-11

Aug-05

Sep-11

Sep-17

Form Jan-01 Jul-02

Mars Exploration 

Rovers (Spirit & 

Opportunity)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-01

Jun-03

Jun-03

Sep-10

Form May-00 Aug-01

Mars Odyssey Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-99

Apr-01

Apr-01

Sep-11

Form Apr-97 Apr-99

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-133
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Program Management

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile 

EvolutioN (MAVEN)

JPL GSFC, KSC, JPL Centre d'Etude Spatiale des 

Rayonnements (CESR)

ExoMars JPL JPL, ARC, LaRC, 

GSFC

European Space Agency (ESA)

Mars Express (MEX) JPL JPL, GSFC European Space Agency (ESA)

Mars Odyssey JPL JPL, MSFC None

Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) JPL JPL, ARC, GRC, 

JSC, GSFC

None

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) JPL JPL , ARC, GSFC, 

KSC, GRC, LaRC, 

JSC

Department of Energy; International 

partners include Canada, Spain, and 

Russia.

Mars Phoenix JPL JPL, ARC, JSC Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 

(MRO)

JPL JPL, ARC, GSFC, 

JSC, MSFC

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has responsibility for implementation of the Mars Exploration Program.

The Mars Exploration Program (MEP) has set a goal of open competition for all missions. All major 

acquisitions for MSL, ExoMars instruments, and MAVEN are in place. 







Malin Space Systems, Honeybee Robotics, Lockheed Martin, Aeroflex are providing support and 

hardware for the MSL mission. 







The principal investigator for the MAVEN mission is Dr. Bruce Jakosky of the Laboratory for 

Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder. NASA's Goddard Space 

Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., will manage the project, and Lockheed Martin of Littleton, Colo., will 

build the spacecraft.







All research and technology is procured through the ROSES announcement and a competitive, peerreview selection process.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-134
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Performance IPAO 10/2006 A Program Implementation Review was 

conducted in October 2006. Review determined 

the Mars program was functioning well and 

continuing to make important contributions to 

science and the Vision, but was short on reserve 

funding. It also found that MSL is critical for 

future mission science and technology.

12/2009

All Senior Review 

Panel

03/2008 Comparative review of Mars operating missions. 

Missions are ranked in terms of science, 

engineering capability, and their programmatic 

roles as they relate to the Mars Exploration 

program. The findings lead to mission extension 

for Odyssey, MER, MEX, and MRO, with orbit 

time change for the Mars Odyssey mission.

03/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-135
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

A launch date of October 2009 no longer is feasible because of testing and hardware challenges that 

must be addressed to ensure mission success. The window for a 2009 launch ends in late October. 

The relative positions of Earth and Mars are favorable for flights to Mars only a few weeks every two 

years. The next launch opportunity after 2009 is in 2011. NASA announced this delay in December 

2008, and estimated the lifecycle cost of the mission to be about $2.3 billion; the FY 2010 Budget 

request reflects that.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 -3.3 -63.6 -54.6 26.2 65.0 -- 0.0 -0.3

Development / 

Implementation

0.4 239.5 3.3 198.6 194.6 3.5 0.0 -- 0.0 639.9

Formulation -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.1

Other 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.3 239.4 0.0 135.0 140.0 29.7 65.0 -- 0.0 639.4

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 3.3 63.6 54.6 37.6 0.0 -- 0.0 159.1

Development / 

Implementation

454.2 305.5 220.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 985.1

Formulation 515.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 515.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

969.8 305.5 223.3 69.0 54.6 37.6 0.0 -- 0.0 1,659.8

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.8 65.0 30.0 0.0 158.8

Development / 

Implementation

454.6 545.0 223.3 204.0 194.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625.0

Formulation 515.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515.5

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

970.1 545.0 223.3 204.0 194.6 67.3 65.0 30.0 0.0 2,299.3

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $6M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and the 

April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of the initial operating plan, the estimated lifecycle cost will be $2,305.3M, 

and the estimated development cost will be $1,631.0M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-136
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is the most technologically challenging interplanetary 

rover ever designed. It will use new technologies to adjust its flight while descending through the 

Martian atmosphere, and to set the rover on the surface by lowering it on a tether from a hovering 

descent stage. Advanced research instruments make up a science payload 10 times the mass of 

instruments on NASA's Spirit and Opportunity Mars rovers. The Mars Science Laboratory is 

engineered to drive longer distances over rougher terrain than previous rovers. It will employ a new 

surface propulsion system. 







The MSL Project will make detailed measurements of element composition, elemental isotopes and 

abundance, mineralogy, and organic compounds to determine if Mars has, or ever had, an 

environment capable of supporting life within the regions it will explore. 







MSL has four science objectives: assess the biological potential of at least one selected site on Mars; 

characterize the geology and geochemistry of the landing region at all appropriate spatial scales; 

identify planetary processes relevant to past habitability; and characterize the broad spectrum of the 

Martian surface radiation environment.



 



For more information, see the MSL homepage at 



http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/future/msl.html.

Project Purpose

The MSL is a surface rover which will collect Martian soil and rock samples and analyze them for 

organic compounds and environmental conditions that could have supported microbial life now or in 

the past. MSL will be a long-duration (two years) roving science laboratory that will be twice as long 

and three times as heavy (800-850 kilograms) as the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity.







Key technologies developed for MSL include: throttle-controlled, high-thrust engines, required during 

Martian entry, descent, and landing (EDL); sample acquisition and processing equipment used to 

acquire and distribute samples to the analytic instrument suite; and long-life, high-reliability, thermalcycle-resistant electronics for use in the rover.







The EDL system will accommodate a wide range of possible latitude and altitude locations on Mars in 

order to be discovery-responsive and to have the capability to reach very promising, but difficult-toreach scientific sites.

Project Parameters

SCI-137
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

Project Commitments

Cruise stage and entry 

system Lockheed Martin

Transport rover to Martian 

surface and land with 

impact speed below 1 m/s

Same Same

Dynamic Albedo of 

Neutrons (DAN) Russia (IKI) Measure hydrogen content in subsurface deposits. Same Same

Rover Environmental 

Monitoring System 

(REMS)

Spain

Monitor key atmospheric 

measurements including 

temperature, pressure, 

wind speed/direction and 

humidity.

Same Same

Chemistry & 

Mineralogy Instrument 

(CheMin)

NASA/ARC

Analysis of mineral and 

chemical content of Mars 

samples

Same Same

Sample Analysis at 

Mars (SAM) NASA/GSFC

Analysis of elemental and 

isotopic composition of 

Mars samples

Same Same

Mission operations and 

data archive JPL

Conduct one-year cruise 

and two-year rover primary 

mission with remotely 

located science team.

Same Same

Sample cache ARC

Hockey puck-sized 

container will collect 

sample of Martian soil for 

possible later collection by 

a Mars Sample Return 

mission

New Commitment Deleted

Rover JPL Travel 20 kilometers over 

the Martian surface. Same Same

Alpha Particle X-ray 

Spectrometer Canada (CSA)

Measure with high 

precision the elemental 

composition of in situ rocks 

and soil.

Same Same

Stereoscopic and 

microscopic cameras Malin Space Systems

Acquire color, stereo 

images with resolutions up 

to 0.2 mm/pixel at 2 m 

range.

Same

Deleted descent 

imager and camera 

zoom

Chemistry camera 

(ChemCam)

Department of 

Energy/Los Alamos 

National Laboratory; 

France

Remotely measure 

elemental composition of 

rocks and soil up to 9m 

from rover.

Same Same

Robotic arm tools Honeybee Robotics

Acquire, process and 

deliver 75 rock and soil 

samples to analytic 

instruments.

Same

Changed the rock 

grinder to a brush, 

sample quantity 

unchanged

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) will be ready to launch in late CY 2011 and will arrive at Mars 

after approximately 9 months of flight time. MSL will operate for two Earth years on the surface of 

Mars and will travel approximately 20 kilometers.

SCI-138
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

Schedule Commitments

Launch Readiness Review September 2009 September 2009 4QTR CY 2011

System Integration Review (formerly ATLO) February 2008 February 2008 Same

Critical Design Review June 2007 No change Same

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The Mars Science Laboratory Project entered formulation in November 2004, proceeded into the 

development phase in August 2006, with a launch currently scheduled for late CY 2011.

2009 Mars 

Science Lab 2006 968.6 2009 1,631.0 68 Launch 

Readiness 9/30/2009 11/7/2011 25

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other direct project cost 192.9 161.7 -31.2

Science/Technology 11.4 16.9 5.5

Ground Systems 45.5 77.7 32.2

Launch Vehicle/Services 182.6 215.1 32.5

Systems I&T 46.5 92.0 45.5

Payloads 64.9 124.3 59.4

Spacecraft 424.8 943.3 518.5

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 968.6 1,631.0 662.4

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development cost increased due to technical and schedule problems. The current development cost 

supports the 2011 launch opportunity.

Development Cost Details

SCI-139
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

Project Management

All major acquisitions are in place. All major instruments were competitively selected.

Acquisition Strategy

Chemistry & Mineralogy 

Instrument (CheMin) JPL ARC None

Sample Analysis at Mars 

(SAM) JPL GSFC CNES (France)

Spacecraft JPL JPL None

Cruise stage and entry 

system

JPL JPL, AMES, LaRC None

Dynamic Albedo of 

Neutrons (DAN) JPL None Russia

Rover Environmental 

Monitoring System (REMS) JPL None Spain

Alpha Particle X-ray 

Spectrometer JPL None Canada

Chemistry camera 

(ChemCam) JPL None Department of Energy and France

Robotic arm tools JPL JPL None

Stereoscopic and 

microscopic cameras JPL None None

Rover JPL JPL None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

2009 Mars Science Laboratory is a JPL-managed in-house project. Instrument implementation has 

been assigned to JPL. The responsible NASA official is the Director for the Planetary Science 

Division.

Performance HQ/SRB 11/2008

Assess maturity of MSL design. Design was 

deemed adequate to achieve mission science 

goals, but project needs additional time to work 

the technical problems and perform adequate 

testing. The finding led to launch delay, from the 

2009 to the 2011 launch window opportunity.

03/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-140
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Development: 2009 Mars Science Lab

Actuators and Avionics Actuator production and 

assembly delays can possibly 

threaten overall schedule. 

Avionics FPGA designs are 

maturing later than planned 

due to design complexity and 

offset between hardware & 

software development 

schedules.

Plans are in place to have Actuator Flight Model deliveries 

completed by June 09, to complete resolution of Avionics 

design and test issues by September 2009, and to complete 

Avionics flight deliveries in early 2010.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

SCI-141
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation: Mars Atmosphere & Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)

MAVEN was selected in September 2008 under the 2006 Mars Scout Announcement of Opportunity. 

The MAVEN mission will provide a comprehensive picture of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, 

solar energetic drivers, and atmospheric losses. MAVEN will deliver comprehensive answers to longstanding questions regarding the loss of Mars' atmosphere, climate history, liquid water, and 

habitability. MAVEN will provide the first direct measurements ever taken to address key scientific 

questions about Mars' evolution. Specific MAVEN science objectives consist of:



- Determine structure and composition of the atmosphere and ionosphere;



- Determine the physical and chemical processes that control loss processes;



- Determine escape rates of neutrals;



- Determine escape rates of ions;



- Determine the external inputs that control upper atmosphere and ionosphere structure and that drive 

escape; and 



- Determine the relative escape rates of the stable isotopes and the resulting isotopic fractionation.







Additional information can be found in http://lasp.colorado.edu/maven/

Project Purpose

MAVEN will deliver its science using three instrument packages: a stand-alone neutral gas and ion 

mass spectrometer (NGIMS), capable of measuring thermal neutrals and ions; a stand-alone imaging 

ultraviolet spectrometer (IUVS); and the Particles and Fields (P&F) package, consisting of six 

instruments measuring ionospheric properties, energetic ions, solar wind and solar energetic particles, 

magnetic fields, and solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 57.7 6.7 68.5 152.5 170.7 121.8 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 1.0 6.7 53.4 168.7 182.6 138.4 30.6

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

-56.7 0.0 -15.1 16.2 11.8 16.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-142
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation: Mars Atmosphere & Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)

Launch Services United Launch Alliance 

(ULA)

Intermediate Class launch 

service New

Spacecraft Lockheed Martin

MRO spacecraft bus and 

avionic suite, with cross 

strapping and 

monopropellant propulsion 

system

New

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The MAVEN measurements will be made from an elliptical orbit with periapsis at 150 km and 

apoapsis at 6220 km (4.5-hour period). MAVEN will use a sun-pointing, three -axis stabilized 

spacecraft, with a two-axis gimballed, Mars-pointing platform for the NGIMS, IUVS, and the 

SupraThermal And Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instruments. The spacecraft has a bodymounted high-gain antenna.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Mars Orbit Insertion September 2014 New

Launch 4QTR CY 2013 New

ATLO 3QTR CY 2012 New

CDR 3QTR CY 2011 New

PDR 3QTR CY2010 New

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

MAVEN will be launched in November 2013, and will arrive at Mars in September 2014.

SCI-143
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Planetary Science

Program: Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation: Mars Atmosphere & Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)

N/A None identified at this time

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

All major acquisitions are in place. MAVEN was selected competitively on September 15, 2008 under 

the Mars Scout 2006 Announcement of Opportunity (AO- NNH06ZDA002O).

Acquisition Strategy

Magnetometer (MAG) - 

Measures interplanetary, 

solar wind, and ionospheric 

magnetic fields

GSFC GSFC

Navigation, trajectory, and 

orbit maintenance analysis GSFC JPL

Neutral gas and ion mass 

spectrometer (NGIMS) GSFC GSFC

Project management, msn 

sys engineering, safety and 

mission assurance, and 

project scientist

GSFC GSFC

Program Management JPL GSFC

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The MAVEN is part of the Mars Program managed by the JPL. The PI from the University of Colorado 

has delegated the day-to-day management to GSFC.

All

Technical 

Management 

Cost

08/2008

Reviewed science, technical approach, cost,and 

schedule. Finding led to selection of the MAVEN 

mission.

N/A

Performance IPAO N/A Will assess cost, schedule, and risk status of 

project. 1QFY11

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-144
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Outer Planets

The Outer Planets Program consists of three strategic elements: the ongoing Cassini mission, a new 

Outer Planets Flagship mission, and the Flagship Data Analysis project. These elements enable 

science investigations across a broader array of disciplines and in more depth than competed 

missions. The science discoveries made by these missions are not expected to be easily displaced 

with time and are expected to overthrow previous paradigms and create new ones in their place.

Program Overview

Outer Planets 81.9 101.1 216.7 279.4 230.6 362.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

81.9 101.1 216.7 279.4 230.6 362.0 --

Outer Planets 62.2 101.1 98.6 97.1 140.3 117.7 118.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

62.2 101.1 98.6 97.1 140.3 117.7 118.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request -19.8 0.0 -118.1 -182.2 -90.3 -244.2 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Cassini completed its prime mission in July 2008, and started into an extended mission with a new 

set of science goals. The primary objective of the Cassini extended mission is to continue mission 

operations at the prime mission level in order to further investigate the discoveries made of Titan and 

Enceladus during the prime mission. In FY 2010 Cassini will complete its first extended mission at 

Saturn. This will include performing nine close flybys of Titan, four with Enceladus, and three with 

other smaller satellites throughout the year. Scientific studies of Saturn, its rings, and magnetosphere 

will continue. NASA will evaluate a second mission and science extension in late calendar year 2009.







In February 2009 NASA down-selected the Outer Planets Flagship (OPF) from three science targets 

to focus on the Europa Jupiter System. In addition to further definition study and technology 

development efforts for the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) throughout FY 2010, NASA will 

also continue to negotiate the details of a potential partnership with the European Space Agency 

(ESA) and other international partners.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-145
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Outer Planets

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

NASA plans to fund concept studies and technology development for an Outer Planets Flagship 

mission. In the 2nd quarter of FY 2009, NASA, working jointly with the European Space Agency, 

selected a mission to Jupiter and its moon Europa for more detailed concept studies.



Projected mission costs and the resource constraints of our potential international partners preclude 

a new start during FY 2010.



 



Cassini-Huygens, in its extended operations phase, is an Outer Planets Flagship mission to Saturn 

that is profoundly altering our understanding of that planet, its famous rings, magnetosphere, icy 

satellites, and particularly the moons Titan and Enceladus. Cassini-Huygens is an international 

collaborative effort with a four year orbiter prime mission. Cassini is the first spacecraft to explore the 

Saturn system in detail, including its rings and moons. A major focus is Saturn's largest moon, Titan, 

with its dense atmosphere, methane-based meteorology, and geologically active surface. Launched 

in October 1997, Cassini arrived at Saturn in July 2004, and will continue with its first extension to 

investigate Saturn and Titan throughout FY 2010. 







The Cassini Data Analysis Project (CDAP) broadens the science community participation in the 

analysis of the wealth of new Cassini mission data. The project allows scientists outside the selected 

flight team to utilize the mission data, conduct research, and publish findings. CDAP dramatically 

increases the scientific return of the mission and accelerates the rate of that return. Research 

conducted under CDAP can affect and alter the Cassini imaging targets, such as Titan, and its flybys 

(e.g., Enceladus plume).

Outer Planets

Publically release study reports Outer Planets Flagship New

Deliver science data to Planetary Data Systems 

(PDS) consistent with science archive plan (in 

increments within 6 -9 months)

Cassini Same

Release ROSES and make selections Research Data Analysis New

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-146
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Outer Planets

Research Data 

Analysis

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res Oct-97 Sep-22

Form

Outer Planets Flagship Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-07 Sep-11

Oct-14

Oct-20

Sep-20

Jul-25

Form Oct-11 Sep-14

Cassini Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-89

Oct-97

Oct-97

Oct-97

Sep-10

Sep-17

Form Sep-89

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Development (Dev)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

All major acquisitions contracts for Cassini are in place. The acquisition strategy for the Outer 

Planets Flagship (OPF) mission is expected to be similar to Cassini. The OPF science payload will 

be competitively selected.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

Outer Planets Flagship JPL JPL ESA

Research Data Analysis HQ Multi-Center None

Cassini JPL JPL The Italian Space Agency provided 

Cassini's high-gain communication 

antenna and the Huygens probe was 

built by the European Space Agency 

(ESA).

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Program management responsibility for the Outer Planets Flagship Program program resides at JPL. 

Scientific mission priorities for OPF reside with SMD. The responsible official for this program is the 

Director of Planetary Science.

SCI-147
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Outer Planets

Quality Senior Review 

Panel

02/2007 Cassini senior review for an extended mission 

recommended approval of the extended mission 

science. Decision on the Cassini second 

mission extension is expected in CY 2009.

02/2009

Performance Independent 

TMC-Science 

Panels

12/2009 Independent science, technical, management, 

and cost review of concept studies. Results 

pending.

11/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-148
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Technology

Planetary Science is a challenging endeavor. Future Planetary Science missions will demand 

advances in both power and propulsion systems to enable successful trips to harsh environments, far 

from the Sun, with highly challenging trajectories. To meet these needs, the Planetary Science 

Technology Program includes the In-Space Propulsion (ISP), Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS), 

and Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System (AMMOS) Projects.



 



The ISP Project develops in-space propulsion technologies that can enable or benefit near- and 

mid¬term NASA missions. These technologies will enhance the performance of planetary science 

missions by allowing increased science payload mass, minimized launch cost and decreased mission 

trip times. Furthermore, ISP will enable access to more challenging and interesting science 

destinations. The ISP Project is completing development of several propulsion technologies in 

support of future Flagship, Discovery, Mars, and New Frontiers missions. The high-temperature 

chemical thruster development task, high-priority aerocapture ground activities, electric propulsion 

development efforts for NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) ion system development, and 

sample return propulsion technology development are the focus core technologies under study and 

development.







The Radioisotope Power System (RPS) Project advances the capabilities of spacecraft power 

systems, thereby making it possible for missions to travel to destinations distant from the sun, or 

where sunlight is obscured or infrequent. RPS is developing a proto-flight Advanced Stirling 

Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) by the 2013-2014 time frame and is initiating development of a small 

RPS system for use in distributed network mission environments. RPS continues low-level 

investments in advanced thermoelectric conversion and thermal photovoltaic technologies as seeds 

to meet future needs late in the next decades. Consolidation of multi-mission RPS studies and crosscutting launch approval activities are now included in the RPS project. Funds will be needed to 

procure nuclear material to support missions in formulation. 







The AMMOS Project provides planetary science missions with a set of navigation and design 

software tools and services for flight mission training, space communications resources allocation, 

and improved communication and navigation.

Program Overview

Technology 84.8 64.9 69.3 69.6 71.3 73.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

84.8 64.9 69.3 69.6 71.3 73.0 --

Technology 65.2 64.9 89.0 98.4 102.1 93.5 91.4

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

65.2 64.9 89.0 98.4 102.1 93.5 91.4

Changes from FY 2009 Request -19.6 0.0 19.7 28.8 30.8 20.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-149
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Technology

The In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Project will: 



- Continue electric propulsion life validation testing and analysis of NASA's Evolutionary Xenon 

Thruster (NEXT);



- Complete high priority technology development activities (large scale aeroshell manufacturing, 

Guidance Navigation and Control system testing, and space environmental effects testing) for 

aerocapture; and



- Continue electric propulsion Hall thruster development task towards Technology Readiness Level 6 

(TRL6). 







Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Project will: 



- Continue extended performance testing of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) 

engineering unit to provide reliability data;



- Begin development of one Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) proto-flight unit for 

delivery by the 2013-2014 time frame;



- Demonstrate 1500-hour lifetime Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator couples and validate fourcouple module power output; and 



- Initiate design of a small Radioisotope Power System (deca-watt class).







Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System (AMMOS) will continue to develop multi-mission software 

tools for spacecraft navigation and mission planning, efficient spacecraft communication, and data 

handling.

Plans For FY 2010

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The In-Space Propulsion (ISP) portfolio invests in high-priority technology areas such as Electric 

Propulsion (Next-Generation Electric Propulsion), Aerocapture Technology, Advanced Chemical 

propulsion, and sample return propulsion technology development. 







Investments in technology planning allow for strategic studies of focused technology areas that are 



necessary for the achievement of Planetary Science Theme missions.







The Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Project develops and matures component technologies and 

actively manages the integration of component technologies to flight systems that support multimission flight applications. The breadth of the previous project has resulted in the initiation of a 

project structure to manage this integration. The RPS Project manages both the technology 

investments and the systems developments and transitions acquisition of flight units to a missionspecific user. The project also assumes responsibility for multi-mission RPS studies and crosscutting launch approval activities. The project integrates DOE and NASA requirements and assesses 

long-range planning requirements for nuclear material acquisition. 







Returning to Planetary Science in FY 2009 from the Heliophysics Deep Space Mission Systems 

(DSMS) Program, the AMMOS Project provides multi-mission navigation, design, and training tools 

to flight missions, and undertakes technology investments for improved communications and 

navigation technologies.

Technology

SCI-150
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Planetary Science

Program: Technology

Technology activities are solicited using the NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth 

Sciences (ROSES) announcement, and selections are made using a competitive, peer-reviewed 

process. Lockheed Martin and Sunpower are providing support for the RPS Project.

Acquisition Strategy

2.65m high temp aeroshell with ablative TPS will 

be fabricated.

ISP Same

Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator 

engineering model will demonstrate extended 

operations (7,000 hours).

RPS Same

Project formulation for a small RPS development 

will be completed

RPS New

Provide standard interfaces in order to enable 

interoperability among missions.

AMMOS Same

NEXT thruster long duration testing achieves 

grater than 450 kg of Xenon throughput.

ISP New

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

RPS GRC JPL, GRC Department of Energy

AMMOS JPL JPL None

ISP GRC GRC, MSFC, JPL None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

SMD provides overall oversight of the technology program. GRC is responsible for the ISP and RPS 

projects. JPL is responsible for the AMMOS project.

SCI-151
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

SCI-152
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

The science goals of NASA's Astrophysics Division are breathtaking: from investigating the very 

moment of creation of the universe, to learning the full history of the formation of stars and galaxies. 

NASA is discovering how planetary systems form, how environments hospitable for life develop, and 

is searching for signatures of life on other worlds may result in the discovery that we are not alone.







The Astrophysics Theme is comprised of the following major science-based programs:







- Physics of the Cosmos Program: Reveal laws and forces of the universe at the most fundamental 

level in ways that can only be done from space. Missions will probe back to the beginning of time by 

measuring the cosmic microwave background radiation in novel ways and using gravity waves as an 

entirely new window on the universe. The nature of dark matter that shepherds the growth of galaxies 

and large-scale structure will be determined, the mysterious dark energy pervading the universe will 

be uncovered and the limits of Einstein's theories will be tested.







- Cosmic Origins Program: Discover how the universe developed over cosmic time from the big bang 

to its modern configuration of galaxies, stars and planets. The focus is to explore how the expanding 

universe grew into a grand, cosmic web of galaxies; how within the galaxies stars and planets formed; 

and how stars create the heavy elements such as carbon, oxygen, and iron, that are essential for life.







- Exoplanet Exploration Program: Determine whether we are alone in the universe, by detecting and 

characterizing planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. One of the most ambitious but captivating 

goals of NASA is to identify Earth-like worlds orbiting nearby stars and to search for the signatures of 

life. 







The Astrophysics theme supports a robust research program, 10 operating missions, and 12 flight 

projects in various stages of planning and execution. As these missions explore the extremes of 

space, time, matter and energy, new scientific understanding is achieved and new technologies are 

developed and tested, resulting in great benefit to society and the economic and strategic health of 

our nation.







For more information, please see http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics

Theme Overview

SCI-153
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Astrophysics Explorer 106.4 130.6 93.3 43.3 11.7 6.4 --

Exoplanet Exploration 162.6 48.1 67.7 68.4 96.4 126.2 --

Physics of the Cosmos 159.0 157.0 219.8 249.0 271.1 326.0 --

Cosmic Origins 807.3 674.4 571.1 515.4 485.6 458.5 --

Astrophysics Research 102.2 152.3 170.4 181.0 203.0 198.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 1,337.5 1,162.5 1,122.4 1,057.1 1,067.7 1,116.0 --

Astrophysics Explorer 117.7 130.7 107.9 69.5 26.6 10.4 1.7

Exoplanet Exploration 156.7 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3

Physics of the Cosmos 148.9 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3

Cosmic Origins 870.1 819.2 667.2 598.9 550.3 523.8 452.3

Astrophysics Research 102.2 135.0 151.9 160.0 165.0 177.2 188.0

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 1,395.6 1,281.2 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.7 1,126.3 1,139.6

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 58.1 118.8 -1.5 17.1 -25.0 10.3 --

Note: Starting in FY 10, the Astro-H project is in the Astrophysics theme.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-154
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

The High-Resolution Soft X-Ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument was selected in 2008 as a Mission of 

Opportunity (MoO) and is scheduled to fly on the Japanese Astro-H mission in 2013. This instrument will be 

in the formulation phase in FY 2010. 







The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission will hold its confirmation review in preparation 

to enter development phase in FY 2010.

Astrophysics Explorer

Kepler has launched successfully, in-orbit checkout is underway and science operations will begin in summer 

2009.

Exoplanet Exploration

Herschel and Planck in-orbit check-out will be complete and prime operations will begin. Fermi will remain in 

its prime operations phase and Chandra will continue on in extended operations.

Physics of the Cosmos

The James Webb Space Telescope was authorized to proceed into development in July, 2008, and the 

baseline cost and schedule have been established. The next major milestone is Critical Design Review, 

which is a review of the complete system design, and is scheduled to take place in March 2010. 







Hubble Servicing Mission 4 and Servicing Mission Observatory Verification (SMOV) will be complete by the 

end of FY 2009 and peer-reviewed science will begin using the new instruments.







The Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) first science flights, which are the first 

competed science observations, will begin in FY 2010.

Cosmic Origins

Senior Reviews for operating missions and archives were conducted in the spring of 2008; those results are 

reflected in the 2010 budget. A comparative evaluation of all Astrophysics operating missions is conducted 

every two years (next review scheduled for spring of 2010), and of the archives every four years. The science 

output is evaluated by an independent expert panel, and decisions are made as to which missions will receive 

funding for extended operation. 







In R&A, peer-reviewed investigations are supported in the areas of past missions data analysis, and 

theoretical studies or modeling of the astrophysical phenomena targeted by past, current, and future 

missions. Laboratory studies of astrophysical phenomena, limited ground-based observing, and suborbital 

missions will also continue in FY 2010.







The Balloons Project will continue to work toward advancing the capability of the new super-pressure balloon, 

which will be used to carry large scientific experiments to the brink of space for 100 days or more.

Astrophysics Research

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-155
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Astrophysics supports NASA's achievement of Strategic Plan Sub-Goal 3D: Discover the origin, 

structure, evolution, and destiny of the universe, and search for Earth-like planets.







This effort is comprised of four focus areas, or Outcomes:



3D.1: Progress in understanding the origin and destiny of the universe, phenomena near black holes, 

and the nature of gravity.



3D.2: Progress in understanding how the first stars and galaxies formed, and how they changed over 

time into the objects recognized in the present universe.



3D.3: Progress in understanding how individual stars form and how those



processes ultimately affect the formation of planetary systems.



3D.4: Progress in creating a census of extra-solar planets and measuring their properties.







Astrophysics seeks to answer these questions that humankind has been pondering for centuries: 

How did the universe begin? How will it end? What are the limits of matter and energy, of space and 

time? How did the universe come to be, and what are the laws of nature that have permitted life to 

arise in the universe? Throughout history, these questions have served as cornerstones of 

mythology and philosophy: thought-provoking, but unanswerable. Now, with the aid of cutting-edge 

science and technology, the answers are within reach.







See FY 2010 Performance Plan, under Management and Performance, for specific annual goals for 

this Theme.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

NASA enables research to understand the structure, content, and evolution of the universe. This 

research provides information about humankind's origins and fundamental physics that govern the 

behavior of matter, energy, space, and time. NASA leads the world in space-based research into the 

most compelling questions of modern physics, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, 

high-energy cosmic rays, tests of gravity and general relativity, and insight into cosmic inflation during 

the very early universe. NASA works proactively with the National Science Foundation and 

Department of Energy in exploring the interfaces between astronomy and physics, and in the search 

for life in the universe.







NASA-supported researchers look far into the universe, towards the beginning of time, to see the first 

stars and galaxies forming. They search for Earth-like planets around distant stars, determine if life 

could exist elsewhere in the galaxy, and investigate the processes that formed our solar system. 

These efforts are synergistic with Astrobiology, Solar System, Heliophysics and Earth science 

research supported elsewhere at NASA and in other federal agencies.







Astrophysics funds approximately 2000 research, data analysis and technology grants to research 

institutions and universities in most states. The proposed Astrophysics portfolio increases supporting 

research and technology funding in each of the strategic programs. These technology lines will focus 

on developing new capabilities from the prototype phase through the pre-flight phase, which will feed 

into flight programs. Astrophysics technology efforts have a long history of contributing to the 

defense sector (infrared detectors, interferometry, large optics), medical technology and life sciences 

(X-ray optics and detectors for cancer treatment, large format optical sensors, analysis software), 

homeland security (high energy detectors of fissile materials), and commercial applications (UV/X-ray 

photolithography advances in microelectronics, space-based telescopic platforms for Earth imaging).

SCI-156
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Stunning images produced from Astrophysics operating missions continue to inspire the public, 

revealing the beauty of our universe and the science behind those images. NASA provides the tools 

to translate the science for the classroom and other learning venues in ways that meet educator 

needs.







Hubble images are featured on the Space Telescope Science Institute's "Amazing Space" Web site 

which provides curriculum support tools to classrooms in every state in the union. Spitzer's "Cool 

Cosmos" Web site offers explorations into the world of the infrared, and Chandra delivers authentic 

data sets to educators to enhance lessons by allowing students to use the same data that 

professional researchers use.







A consortium of Astrophysics missions have been featured in a traveling museum exhibit, "Alien 

Earths", to inform and inspire the public on critical questions related to the search for life elsewhere in 

our universe. The Astrophysics Exoplanet Exploration Program, in conjunction with the Astronomical 

Society of the Pacific, has sponsored the creation of "Night Sky Network" amateur astronomy clubs 

around the nation. NASA also provides toolkits and professional development training to support 

these groups of space enthusiasts as they help strengthen the public understanding of astronomy 

and space science.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

SCI-157
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

For the first time, astronomers using the Chandra Space Telescope have clearly seen the effects of 

"dark energy" on the most massive collapsed objects in the universe. By tracking how dark energy has 

stifled the growth of galaxy clusters and combining this with previous studies, scientists have obtained 

the best clues yet about what dark energy is and what the destiny of the universe could be. These 

results have consequences for predicting the ultimate fate of the universe. If dark energy is explained 

by the cosmological constant, the expansion of the universe will continue to accelerate, and the Milky 

Way and its neighbor galaxy, Andromeda, may never merge with the Virgo cluster. For more 

information, please see: http://chandra.harvard.edu/index.html 







Observations from the Hubble Space Telescope have provided new knowledge on the atmospheres of 

extrasolar planets. Hubble has made the first detection of an organic molecule in the atmosphere of a 

Jupiter-sized planet orbiting another star. This breakthrough is an important step in eventually 

identifying signs of life on a planet outside our solar system. The molecule found by HST is methane, 

which under the right circumstances can play a key role in prebiotic chemistry, the chemical reactions 

considered necessary to form life as we know it. This discovery proves that HST and upcoming space 

missions, such as NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), can detect organic molecules on 

planets around other stars by using spectroscopy, which splits light into its components to reveal the 

"fingerprints" of various chemicals. For more information on Hubble, please go to: 

http://hubble.nasa.gov/. And for JWST, please see: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/







Hubble has also taken the first visible-light snapshot of a planet circling another star. Estimated to be 

no more than three times Jupiter's mass, the planet, called Fomalhaut b, orbits this bright southern 

star, located 25 light-years away in the constellation Piscis Australis, or the "Southern Fish."







On March 19, 2008, NASA's Swift satellite shattered the record for the most distant object (~7.5 billion 

light years away) that could be seen with the naked eye. The explosion was a gamma ray burst. Most 

gamma ray bursts occur when massive stars run out of nuclear fuel. Their cores collapse to form black 

holes or neutron stars, releasing an intense burst of high-energy gamma rays and ejecting particle jets 

that rip through space at nearly the speed of light like turbocharged cosmic blowtorches. When the jets 

plow into surrounding interstellar clouds, they heat the gas, often generating bright afterglows. Gamma 

ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the universe since the big bang. For more information, 

please go to: http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/swiftsc.html







In June 2008, NASA launched the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST), which is 

now in its prime operations stage (http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The JWST mission successfully 

entered the development phase and will launch in June 2014. The Kepler mission, designed to survey 

our region of the Milky Way Galaxy to detect and characterize hundreds of Earth-size and smaller 

planets in or nearby the habitable zone, completed all its environmental tests in 2008 and sucessfully 

launched March 6, 2009. For more information on Kepler, please go to: http://kepler.nasa.gov/

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SCI-158
Theme: Astrophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Relevance Senior Review 

Panel

04/2008 Comparative review of operating missions. 

Missions are ranked in terms of science return. 

In the most recent review, Swift and Chandra 

missions ranked highest, while RXTE and GP-B 

ranked lowest. Results and the report can be 

found at http://nasascience.nasa.gov/aboutus/science-strategy/seniorreviews/AstroSR08_Report.pdf

04/2010

Relevance National 

Research 

Council

05/2001 The Decadal Survey process began in 2008 and 

is underway. The last Decadal, which was 

published in 2001, prioritized science objectives 

in Astrophysics.

2010

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-159
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-160
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Research

The Astrophysics Research Program translates missions into science advances by: collecting, 

processing, and storing mission data; making mission data available to scientists; and funding grants 

for basic research, and data analysis from past and current missions. All data collected by missions 

are archived in data centers located at universities and NASA centers throughout the country and are 

readily available to all researchers and the general public. 







Suborbital efforts (balloons and sounding rockets) are significant contributors to meeting the following 

goals: conducting cutting-edge basic research; developing tools of science; maintaining U.S. 

leadership in science, engineering, and technology; and training the next generation of scientists and 

engineers to better compete in the 21st century. For more information, please see: 

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/researchers/sara/highlights. 







For more information on the Astrophysics Data Centers please see: 

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/astrophysics-data-centers

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

29.1 66.3 78.4 82.9 97.9 88.2 --

Balloon Project 22.8 24.6 26.7 28.8 32.4 33.2 --

Astrophysics Research and 

Analysis

50.3 61.4 65.4 69.3 72.6 77.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

102.2 152.3 170.4 181.0 203.0 198.9 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

21.3 50.4 64.1 68.6 68.5 77.9 84.4

Balloon Project 24.0 24.6 26.7 28.8 32.4 33.2 35.8

Astrophysics Research and 

Analysis

56.9 60.0 61.1 62.5 64.0 66.2 67.8

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

102.2 135.0 151.9 160.0 165.0 177.2 188.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 -17.3 -18.5 -21.1 -38.0 -21.6 --

Note: The Astrophysics R&A low-level technology development effort has moved into the program-specific Supporting Research 

& Technology lines with no impact to R&A.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-161
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Research

The Astrophysics Research Program will continue to conduct and enable high-quality astrophysical 

research consistent with NASA's goals and science programs. Peer-reviewed investigations are 

supported in the areas of analysis of data obtained from past missions, theoretical studies or 

modeling of the astrophysical phenomena targeted by past, current, and future missions, laboratory 

studies of astrophysical phenomena, development of new detectors, limited ground-based observing, 

and suborbital missions. 







Among the science areas pursued by the suborbital missions are rocket flights to study x-ray, 

ultraviolet, and infrared emission from both our galaxy and the early universe, and balloon flights to 

study cosmic rays from our galaxy, the polarization of the microwave background, and gamma rays 

from black holes in the nearby universe.



 



ADCAR covers the activities of the Astrophysics Data Centers and NASA's participation in the Virtual 

Astronomical Observatory (VAO). The VAO is a collaborative project between NASA and NSF.







The next Astrophysics Senior Review of operating missions is scheduled to be held in spring 2010, 

and the next archival Senior Review will be in 2012.







The Balloons project has approximately 18 flights planned for FY 2009, and a similar number is 

expected in FY 2010. Engineering data gathered will enable both the maturing of the science 

experiment technology for later flights and the development of next-generation super pressure 

balloons capable of supporting long duration science research (up to 100 days) at any Earth latitude.







In addition to ongoing awards, the Education and Public Outreach Project will competitively select 

approximately 40 new proposals for small awards averaging $15,000 a year and approximately 15 

new proposals for mid-range awards averaging $130,000 a year. New Science Education and Public 

Outreach Forums will begin operation in FY 2010. In addition to community engagement and 

communication efforts, an analysis of the existing portfolio of NASA Earth and space science 

education products will be conducted.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-162
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Research

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Balloons have been used for decades to conduct scientific studies. While the basics of ballooning 

have not changed, balloon size and capabilities have increased, and their dependability has 

improved greatly. The Wallops Flight Facility manages the NASA Balloon Project. The project offers 

inexpensive, high-altitude flight opportunities for scientists to conduct research and test new 

technologies prior to spaceflight application. The science experiments being done by balloons cover 

a wide range of disciplines such as astrophysics, solar and heliospheric physics, as well as Earth 

upper-atmosphere chemistry.

Balloons

All Research and Analysis grants selected for funding by the Astrophysics Theme are broadly 

competed through NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES). Grant 

proposals must relate directly to both Agency and Theme goals and objectives, and all proposals are 

peer-reviewed by a mix of scientific disciplines and are selected based upon merit. Funded grants 

include theoretical investigations of phenomena related to missions, analysis of data from past 

missions, laboratory studies of astrophysical phenomena, development of new detectors and 

supporting technologies, some ground-based studies, and suborbital missions. The latter include 

both rocket flights to study x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared emission from both our galaxy and the early 

universe, as well as balloon flights to study cosmic rays from our galaxy, the polarization of the 

microwave background, and gamma rays from black holes in the nearby universe

Astrophysics Research & Analysis (R&A)

SCI-163
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Research

Included in this line item are the following projects:







-Astrophysics Data Curation and Archival Research (ADCAR): The Astrophysics Theme has 

established an archive structure beyond the scope of individual missions, to receive data and make it 

accessible by creating an ensemble of primarily wavelength-specific astrophysics archives. After the 

completion of a mission, all archive activities are taken over by the relevant active multi-mission 

archive. ADCAR covers the activities of the Astrophysics Data Centers and NASA's participation in 

the Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO). ADS maintains bibliographic databases and is one of 

the data centers supported in the ADCAR activity. For more information see: 

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/astrophysics-data-centers







-The Astrophysics Senior Review is conducted every two years and is a comparative evaluation of all 

operating missions in their extended phase. Science output for these missions is evaluated, and a 

ranking process determines which missions will continue to receive funding for extended operations. 







-Keck Single Aperture is a data archive for the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) 

instrument. This instrument provides the radial velocity data used to find exoplanets.







-Directorate Support - Space Science: This project funds Agency-wide Fee for Services for the 

Science Mission Directorate. These fees for services include Defense Contract Audit Service (DCAS) 

contract administration, Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) audit services and NASA Contract 

Assurance Services (NCAS) for all of SMD's projects. 







-Education and Public Outreach: Education and Public Outreach: This project is a major contributor 

to the overall NASA education and outreach effort through development and dissemination of new 

educational and outreach products that utilize SMD science discoveries and by providing 

opportunities for students and educators, citizen scientists, and the public to engage in authentic 

experiences working with our data and our research communities. Efforts are carried out through 

competitively selected awards. There are small awards averaging $15,000 a year and larger award 

averaging $130,000 per year. The project also supports four Science Education and Public 

Outreach Forums to foster ongoing engagement of the target audiences through community 

communication and feedback.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

Program Management

The Science Mission Directorate provides program management, with individual projects managed at 

Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Annual peer-reviewed solicitation for research 

grant opportunities

Research Program No change

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SCI-164
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Research

Quality Archival 

Senior Review 

Panel

05/2008 Comparative review of archives efficiency and 

cost effectiveness. The normal review cycle for 

activities at archive centers is 4 years, for more 

information on the 2008 Senior Archival review 

see: 

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/astrop

hysics-data-centers/ApArchSR-2008_final.pdf

05/2012

Quality Balloon 

working group

06/2008 Review the operations from a scientific 

standpoint. The outcome of 2008 BWG meeting 

was that much had been accomplished to 

increase the reliability of flight and termination 

systems, Solution to chute shock problem, Rip 

stitch decelerator, and dragging payloads. The 

development of the mini-SIP will enable many 

new small science investigations. There has 

been a major step forward in solving the 

deployment problem for the lobed design (super 

pressure balloon).

06/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-165
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-166
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

68.4 74.7 61.6 78.6 95.9 109.1 --

Stratospheric Observatory for 

Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

62.1 72.8 72.8 57.0 58.8 60.6 --

James Webb Space Telescope 

(JWST)

448.3 371.9 311.1 265.1 236.1 194.9 --

Hubble Space Telescope 

(HST)

228.5 154.9 125.6 114.7 94.8 93.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

807.3 674.4 571.1 515.4 485.6 458.5 --

Other Missions And Data 

Analysis

51.2 91.7 40.4 38.3 25.3 19.4 20.2

Stratospheric Observatory for 

Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

63.8 72.8 72.8 74.0 75.8 77.6 79.1

James Webb Space Telescope 

(JWST)

510.3 446.9 441.4 385.1 354.6 335.6 259.8

Hubble Space Telescope 

(HST)

244.9 207.7 112.6 101.6 94.6 91.1 93.2

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

870.1 819.2 667.2 598.9 550.3 523.8 452.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request 62.8 144.8 96.1 83.5 64.7 65.2 --

Note: Includes $75M of Recovery Act funding in FY09. Hubble Fellowship funding, as well as project management funds, have 

been moved into program-level activities; there is no budgetary impact to Hubble operations.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-167
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

The science goal of Cosmic Origins is to understand the entire sweep of evolution of the universe, 

from the cosmic big bang to the present. How did the rich structure we observe in the universe today, 

its planets, stars and galaxies, originate from the tiny fluctuations in the density of matter and energy 

imprinted by the big bang? What was the nature of the first stars and galaxies, which are so faint and 

distant that they have never been observed? How did galaxies and the enormous black holes within 

them form and evolve? How do stars and planets form? What are the conditions needed for life to 

originate? Are we alone? To address these fundamental questions NASA has developed the world's 

most sophisticated space observatories and is now building even more advanced facilities.







Cosmic Origins missions explore how the expanding universe grew into a grand, cosmic web of 

galaxies; how stars and planets formed within the galaxies; how stars create the heavy elements, 

such as carbon, that are essential for life. Major breakthroughs in our knowledge of the cosmos have 

already been made with the current suite of missions. But Cosmic Origins science questions will 

remain vital, even post-JWST. The submillimeter and far-infrared parts of the spectrum are just now 

being examined by missions like Herschel and SOFIA. In the future, larger telescopes (with mirror 

diameters of 10 meters or longer) will be required to resolve galaxies and stellar nurseries at these 

wavelengths and in the ultraviolet. Future collaboration will also be critical for continued progress 

answering the questions that form the intellectual impetus behind Cosmic Origins.







For more information, please see: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/about-us/smd-programs/cosmicorigins

Program Overview

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4 and the in-orbit checkout of instruments will be 

complete, and peer-reviewed proposals will begin with the new instruments. 







JWST was authorized to proceed into development in July, 2008 and the baseline cost and schedule 

have been established. The next major milestone, Critical Design Review is scheduled to take place 

in March 2010, which will result in a review of the complete system design. 







SOFIA basic science flights will be the first openly competed science to the general astronomical 

community; the science will be conducted on two instruments aboard SOFIA: FORCAST (U.S. 

instrument) and GREAT (German instrument). First science is now scheduled to begin in FY 2010 

while the project continues progress toward Limited Operations Capability in 2011.







Spitzer cryogen will run out in spring 2009; the spacecraft will be in its warm operations phase, using 

remaining imaging capabilities that still exceed what is available from the ground, and will be 

unmatched until the launch of JWST. Warm Spitzer will be a powerful and unique facility for projects 

that require precise photometry, and for deep large-scale surveys at near/mid-infrared wavelengths. 

The spacecraft is funded for two years of warm operations, per results of the 2008 operating missions 

Senior Review. Spitzer will be reviewed again in the 2010 Senior Review to determine whether to 

extend warm operations.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-168
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Included in this line item are:







-The Spitzer Space Telescope, in extended operations, is an infrared cryogenic telescope equipped 

with three instruments to study the characteristics of star-forming regions, centers of galaxies, and 

newly forming planetary systems. Spitzer will complete its cryogenic mission by mid-2009, but 

funding to operate a warm mission phase was approved as a result of the latest Astrophysics 

Division operating missions Senior Review. Continued warm operations will be reviewed in the 2010 

Senior Review.







-Cosmic Origins Supporting Research & Technology, which supports Hubble fellowships and 

program-specific research and early technology development efforts.







-Cosmic Origins Future Missions which supports future mission studies based on the 

recommendations of the upcoming Astrophysics decadal review.







-Cosmic Origins Program Management which provides programmatic, technical, and business 

management, as well as program science leadership and coordination for education and public 

outreach products and services.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SOFIA is in development phase. Astronomical objects emit many forms of energy, which neither the 

human eye nor ordinary telescopes can detect. Infrared is one form of this invisible energy. SOFIA is 

a Boeing 747SP airborne observatory with a 2.5 meter reflecting telescope that will study the 

universe in the infrared spectrum. Besides this contribution to science progress, SOFIA will be a 

major factor in the development of new observational techniques, of new instrumentation and in the 

education of young scientists and teachers in the discipline of infrared astronomy. The project will be 

at Full Operational Capability (FOC) in 2014.

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

JWST is in development phase. The spacecraft will have a large mirror, 21.3 feet in diameter, and a 

sunshield the size of a tennis court. Neither the mirror nor the sunshield fit into the rocket fully open, 

so both will fold up and open only after JWST is in space. JWST will reside at the Sun-Earth L2 point, 

which is about one million miles from the Earth. The telescope and instruments will operate at 

cryogenic temperature in order to achieve infrared performance. JWST is currently in development 

phase and launch is scheduled for 2014 on a European Space Agency-supplied Ariane-5 rocket for a 

five-year science mission (10-year goal) to study the origin and evolution of galaxies, stars, and 

planetary systems.

James Webb Space Telescope

Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990 and is currently in an extended operations phase. 

Servicing Mission 4 (SM4), scheduled for May, 2009, will add new batteries, gyros and instruments 

to extend its life even further into the future. One of NASA's most successful and long-lasting 

science missions, HST has beamed hundreds of thousands of images back to Earth, shedding light 

on many of the great mysteries of astronomy. Its gaze has helped determine the age of the universe, 

the identity of quasars, and the existence of dark energy.

Hubble Space Telescope (HST)

SCI-169
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Program Management

Spitzer JPL JPL None

SOFIA DFRC DFRC & ARC German Space Agency (DLR)

JWST GSFC None European Space Agency (ESA) and 

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

HST GSFC GSFC None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Cosmic Origins project management responsibility is as follows:

Spitzer: Cryogen 

mission complete in 

2009; begin warm 

operations for two 

years per Senior 

Review results.

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-03 Apr-11

Form

SOFIA Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-96

Dec-14

Dec-14

Dec-34

Form

JWST Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-96 Apr-99

Jul-08

Jun-14

Oct-24

Jun-14

Oct-24

Oct-25

Form Apr-99 Jul-08

HST Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-90

Dec-13

Dec-13

Dec-16

Form

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-170
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

HST: All major acquisitions are in place for operations and servicing. Space Telescope Science 

Institute, Baltimore, MD and Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Boulder, CO are providing 

support for SM4. For HST Operations, the Space Telescope Science Institute coordinates with the 

Hubble European Space Agency Information Center.







JWST: JWST is being built by Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (Redondo Beach, CA), 

teamed with Ball (Boulder, CO), ITT (Rochester, NY) and Alliant Techsystems (Edina, MN). 

Selections were made via a competitive NASA Request For Proposal.







SOFIA: L3 Communications (Waco,Texas), and MPC Products Corporation (Skokie,IL) are 

supporting the completion of the development, integration and test of the airborne platform system. 

L3 modified the SOFIA 747SP aircraft to install the telescope provided by Germany (DLR/DSI). MPC 

is developing the telescope cavity door drive system. CSC DynCorp (El Segundo, CA) is providing 

aircraft maintainence support. University Space Research Association (Columbia, MD) will manage 

the science planning, ground science facilities, science instrument and technology development, and 

education and public outreach for SOFIA.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-171
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

JWST entered development in late 2008 and the budget and schedule are at a 70% confidence level 

as a result of the confirmation review process. The newly baselined life-cycle cost is based on a 

June, 2014 launch readiness date, including costs from formulation through the end of operations. 

The life-cycle cost incorporates actual costs to date, including long lead items that have already been 

produced or are currently being manufactured, as well as cost estimates for the remaining work. The 

cost includes five years of operations (with consumables sufficient for 10 years of operations), data 

analysis, archiving, and project close-out.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 582.4 582.4

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 62.0 75.0 130.3 120.0 118.5 140.7 -- 52.5 958.8

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.0 61.9 75.0 130.3 120.0 118.5 140.7 -- 634.9 1,541.1

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 223.2 371.9 311.1 265.1 236.1 194.9 -- 0.0 1,602.3

Formulation 1,575.0 225.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 1,800.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.1

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

1,575.0 448.3 371.9 311.1 265.1 236.1 194.9 -- 0.0 3,402.5

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 582.4 582.4

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 285.2 446.9 441.4 385.1 354.6 335.6 259.8 52.5 2,561.1

Formulation 1,575.0 225.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,800.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

1,575.0 510.3 446.9 441.4 385.1 354.6 335.6 259.8 634.9 4,943.6

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $20M due to the difference in the FY 2009 enacted bill and 

the April 2009 initial operating plan. The FY 2010 JWST baseline LCC is $4,964M, and the Development estimate is $2,581.1M. 

The FY 2009 Budget Request Prior and BTC figures did not reflect an approved baseline.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-172
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was identified by the National Research Council as a top 

priority new initiative for astronomy and physics for the decade. JWST is a large, deployable, spacebased infrared astronomical observatory, scheduled for launch in 2014. The mission is a logical 

successor to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), extending beyond Hubble's discoveries by looking 

into the infrared spectrum, where the highly red-shifted early universe must be observed, where cool 

objects like protostars and protoplanetary disks emit strongly, and where dust obscures shorter 

wavelengths.







Hubble has told us much about distant objects, but its infrared coverage is limited. Light from distant 

galaxies is redshifted, by the expansion of the universe, into the infrared part of the spectrum (from the 

visible). By examining light redshifted beyond Hubble's sight, JWST will be able to observe things 

farther away, as their light has taken longer to reach us. Hence it will be looking back further in time. 







JWST will explore the mysterious epoch when the first luminous objects in the universe came into 

being after the big bang. The focus of scientific study will include first light of the universe, assembly of 

galaxies, origins of stars and planetary systems, and origins of the elements necessary for life.







The telescope is scheduled to launch in 2014 from Kourou, French Guiana, on an ESA-supplied 

Ariane 5 rocket. Its operational location is the L2 Lagrange point, which is about one million miles from 

the Earth. 







For more information, please see: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

Project Purpose

SCI-173
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

JWST will be optimized for infrared astronomy, with some capability in the visible range. JWST's 

instruments are: Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam); Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI); Near Infrared 

Spectrograph (NIRSpec); and the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS). 







NIRCam is an imager with a large field of view and high angular resolution. It covers a wavelength 

range of 0.6 - 5 micrometers and has 10 mercury-cadmium-telluride (HgCdTe) detector arrays. These 

are analogous to CCDs found in ordinary digital cameras. NIRCam is a science instrument but also a 

wavefront sensor, which is used to align and focus the optical telescope.







NIRSpec enables scientists to obtain simultaneous spectra of more than 100 objects in a 9-squarearcminute field of view. It provides medium-resolution spectroscopy over a wavelength range from 0.6 

- 5 micrometers. NIRSpec employs a micro-electromechanical system "microshutter array" for 

aperture control, and it has two HgCdTe detector arrays.







MIRI is an imager/spectrograph that covers the wavelength range of 5 - 28 micrometers and it has 

three Arsenic-doped Silicon detector arrays. The camera module provides wide-field broadband 

imagery, and the spectrograph module provides medium-resolution spectroscopy over a smaller field 

of view compared to the imager. The nominal operating temperature for the MIRI is 7 degrees above 

absolute zero, which is possible through an on-board cooling system.







The FGS is a guider camera that is incorporated into the instrument payload in order to meet the 

image motion requirements of JWST. This sensor is used for both "guide star" acquisition and fine 

pointing. The sensor operates over a wavelength range of 1 - 5 micrometers and has two HgCdTe 

detector arrays. Its field of view provides a 95% probability of acquiring a guide star for any valid 

pointing direction.







The FGS Tunable Filter Camera is a wide-field, narrow-band camera that provides imagery over a 

wavelength range of 1.6 - 4.9 micrometers, via tunable Fabry-Perot etalons that are configured to 

illuminate the detector array with a single order of interference at a user-selected wavelength. The 

camera has a single HgCdTe detector array.







JWST will continue modifications to the thermal vacuum Chamber A at the Johnson Space Center to 

achieve the required temperature and contamination control test conditions for hardware prior to flight. 

The first phase of this project is underway and is funded with a total of $20.4M of FY 2008 and FY 

2009 funds. The total cost of the modification remains at $60.6M, $28.0M of which is FY 2010 

funding.







The JWST Ground Operations, Science Support Center and archives will be at the Space Telescope 

Science Institute in Baltimore, MD.

Project Parameters

SCI-174
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

Project Commitments

Mid-Infrared 

Instrument (MIRI)

ESA; University of 

Arizona; Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory

Operating over the 

wavelength range 5-27 

microns, providing imaging, 

coronagraphy, and 

spectroscopy.

N/A Same

Near-Infrared 

Spectrometer 

(NIRSpec)

European Space Agency 

(ESA)

Operating over the 

wavelength range 0.6-5 

microns with three 

observing modes.

N/A Same

Launch Vehicle European Space Agency 

(ESA) Ariane V ECA N/A Same

Fine Guidance Sensor Canadian Space Agency 

(CSA)

Provides scientific target 

pointing information to the 

observatory's attitude 

control sub-system.

N/A Same

Science Operations 

Center and Mission 

Operations

Space Telescope 

Science Institute (STScI)

Mission Operations and 

Science Operations Center N/A Same

Near-Infrared Camera 

(NIRCam) instrument

University of Arizona; 

Lockheed Martin

Optimized for finding first 

light sources, and operating 

over the wavelength range 

0.6-5 microns.

N/A Same

Observatory

Northrop Grumman 

Aerospace Systems, 

Redondo Beach, 

California

Includes Optical Telescope 

Element (OTE), Spacecraft, 

Sunshield, Observatory 

AI&T and commissioning. 

The Observatory shall be 

designed for at least a 5-

year lifetime.

N/A Same

Integrated Science 

Instrument Module 

(ISIM)

NASA Goddard Space 

Flight Center

Contains the Science 

Instruments (SIs) and Fine 

Guidance Sensor (FGS). 

Provides structural, 

thermal, power, command 

and data handling 

resources to the SIs and 

FGS.

N/A Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

JWST is scheduled to launch in 2014 and, after six months of on-orbit checkout and commissioning, 

complete five years of mission operations (with a goal of 10 years of operations.)







The four main science goals are:



- Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the big bang. 



- Determine how galaxies evolved from their formation until now. 



- Observe the formation of stars from the first stages to the formation of planetary systems. 



- Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems and investigate the potential for 

life in those systems.

SCI-175
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

Schedule Commitments

Start Phase E December, 2014 N/A Same

Launch Readiness Date June, 2014 N/A Same

Systems Integration Review (SIR) May, 2012 N/A Same

Critical Design Review March, 2010 N/A Same

Start phase C/Implementation July, 2008 N/A Same

Non-Advocate Review/Preliminary Design Review March, 2008 N/A Same

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

JWST was approved to enter implementation in July, 2008.

James Webb 

Space Telescope 2009 2,581.1 2009 2,581.1 0 Launch 6/15/2014 6/15/2014 0

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other (launch services, project management, etc.) 1,242.7 1,242.7 0.0

Science/technology 10.5 10.5 0.0

Ground Systems 206.8 206.8 0.0

Systems I&T 67.3 67.3 0.0

Spacecraft 875.4 875.4 0.0

Payload 178.4 178.4 0.0

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 2,581.1 2,581.1 0.0

JWST

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-176
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

Project Management

JWST is being built by Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (Redondo Beach, CA), teamed with 

Ball (Boulder, CO), ITT (Rochester, NY) and Alliant Techsystems (Edina, MN). Selections were made 

via NASA Request For Proposal.







The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), in Baltimore, MD, is developing the Science and 

Operations Center and associated services.







The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is being provided by GSFC.







The University of Arizona, Tucson, is providing the near-infrared science camera (NIRCam), along 

with Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Center in Palo Alto, California. The selection was 

made via a NASA Announcement of Opportunity.







The European Space Agency is providing the Mid-Infrared Instrument, (MIRI) with management and 

technical participation by ARC and JPL, which was selected for this role after an internal NASA 

competition. The Europeans are also providing the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) and an 

Ariane 5 launch vehicle. 







The Canadian Space Agency is providing the Fine Guidance Sensor.

Acquisition Strategy

Ground control systems 

and science operations and 

control center

GSFC None None

Ariane 5 ESA launch 

vehicle and launch 

operations

ESA None ESA

Fine Guidance Sensor - 

Tunable Filter (FGS-TF) CSA None CSA

MIRI GSFC JPL, ARC ESA

NIRSpec ESA None ESA

NIRCam GSFC GSFC None

Integrated Science 

Instrument Module (ISIM) GSFC GSFC None

Mission management and 

System Engineering GSFC GSFC None

Observatory GSFC GSFC None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center is responsible for James Webb Space Telescope project management.

SCI-177
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: James Webb Space Telescope

JWST Advanced Technology 

Development Risk

JWST requires advances in 

several technologies, which 

could present cost and 

schedule problems.

Successful Technology Non-Advocate Review (T-NAR) held 

in January 2007; risk retired.

JWST Manufacturing, I&T JWST has a long, 

complicated cryogenic 

integration and test which has 

never been performed at this 

scale.

JWST Standing Review Board regularly reviews the optical 

telescope element (OTE) testing and observatory-level 

integration and test planning.

JWST Partnership Risk Because JWST is an 

international collaboration, 

NASA may incur schedule 

and cost impacts caused by 

challenges in Europe and 

Canada that are outside of 

NASA's control. Experience 

with similar collaborations 

indicates that this is likely to 

occur.

NASA has written clearly-defined interfaces and is actively 

managing and complying with export controls (ITAR).

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Performance SRB N/A Systems Integration Review/Authority to 

Proceed into Assembly Integration and Testing 05/2012

Performance SRB N/A Test Readiness Review/Authority to Proceed 

with Environmental Testing 03/2013

Performance SRB N/A Pre-ship Review/Authority to Ship to Launch 

Site 10/2013

Performance SRB N/A Flight Readiness Review/Authority to Launch 06/2014

Performance SRB N/A Critical Design Review 03/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-178
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The FY09 Budget runout for FY 2011 and beyond assumed that an international partner would be 

identified to pay some of SOFIA's operational costs. NASA is no longer expecting to rely on an 

additional partner and has restored funds to SOFIA's operations budget. Also, because attainment of 

Full Operational Capability is scheduled for December 2014, the Development budget is projected to 

continue through FY 2014, with Operations starting in FY 2015.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 244.0 244.0

Development / 

Implementation

0.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 -- 0.0 132.4

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.1 0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 -- 244.1 376.5

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 1,599.4 1,599.4

Development / 

Implementation

560.6 62.1 72.8 72.8 57.0 58.8 60.6 -- 0.0 944.7

Formulation 35.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 35.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.1

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

595.6 62.1 72.8 72.8 57.0 58.8 60.6 -- 1,599.4 2,579.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,843.4 1,843.4

Development / 

Implementation

561.2 63.8 72.8 72.8 74.0 75.8 77.6 79.1 0.0 1,077.1

Formulation 35.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

596.2 63.8 72.8 72.8 74.0 75.8 77.6 79.1 1,843.4 2,955.5

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-179
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Mission objectives for SOFIA include studying many different kinds of astronomical objects and 

phenomena, but some of the most significant are: star birth and death; formation of new solar 

systems; identification of complex molecules in space; planets, comets and asteroids in our solar 

system; nebulae and dust in galaxies (ecosystems of galaxies); and black holes at the center of 

galaxies. SOFIA's breadth of coverage serves many scientific quests. It will be NASA's only farinfrared mission when Spitzer runs out of helium, and it is the only mid-infrared mission until JWST. 

SOFIA's reconfigurability and flexibility ensures cutting edge technology as well as the ability to 

address new scientific questions. At full operational capability, SOFIA will have eight instruments (6 

U.S. instruments; 2 German instruments). The U.S. instruments include: High-speed Imaging 

Photometer for Occultation (HIPO), First Light Infrared Test Experiment CAMera (FLITECAM), Faint 

Object InfrRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST), CAltech Submillimeter Interstellar 

Medium Investigations Receiver (CASIMIR), Echelon-Cross -Echelle Spectrograph (EXES), and Highresolution Airborne Wideband Camera (HAWC). The two German instruments are German Receiver 

for Astronomy at Terahetz Frequencies (GREAT), and Field Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer 

(FIFI LS). 







For more information, please see: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/SOFIA/index.html

Project Purpose

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) was designed as a highly-modified 

747SP aircraft with a large open-port cavity aft of the wings, housing a 2.5 meter telescope optimized 

for infrared/sub-millimeter wavelength astronomy. SOFIA will operate in flight at 41,000 feet using six 

U.S. instruments and two German instruments. SOFIA will ramp up to 960 science hours per year. 

Early science instruments will include: High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultations (HIPO); First 

Light Infrared Test Experiment Camera (FLITECAM); and German Receiver for Astronomy at 

Terahertz frequencies (GREAT). These will be followed by six other instruments in the later phases: 

flights will last six to eight hours on average.

Project Parameters

SCI-180
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Project Commitments

High-speed 

Photometer for 

Occultations

Lowell Observatory

Simultaneous high-speed 

time-resolved imaging 

photometry at two optical 

wavelengths

Same Same

High-resolution 

Airborne Wide-band 

Camera

University of Chicago 

Yerkes Observatory

Broad-band, far-infrared 

camera with four bands 

between

Same Same

First Light Infrared 

Test Experiment 

Camera

UCLA

Large field-of-view, narrowand broad-band 

photometric imaging and 

low-resolution 

spectroscopy from 1 to 5.5 

μm

Same Same

Caltech Submillimeter 

Interstellar Medium 

Investigations 

Receiver

Caltech

Modular, dual-channel 

heterodyne instrument for 

high-resolution 

spectroscopy between 150 

and 600 μm

Same Same

A Wide-field Infrared 

Camera for SOFIA Cornell University

Large field-of-view, narrowand broad-band 

photometric imaging and 

moderate-resolution 

spectroscopy from 4 to 42 

μm

Same Same

Platform DFRC/L3/MPC/DLR 747SP modified to carry an 

18 ton, 2.5 meter telescope Same Same

Flight Operations DFRC/CSC DyneCorp Flight crew, maintenance, 

and fuel Same Same

Science Instruments USRA/Universities

6 U.S. instruments ranging 

from Infrared to 

submillimeter

Same Same

Science Center ARC/USRA

Science Center will 

schedule observations, and 

manage data acquisition 

and processing

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

SOFIA will initiate science observations in 2010, and will begin 20 years at full operational capability 

as an airborne observatory in 2014.

SCI-181
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Schedule Commitments

Full Operational Capability (FOC) N/A 2014 2014

First Science (Early Science) N/A 2009 2010

First Flight 2000 2007 2007

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The development and test plan has been modified to enable earlier science observations by the 

science community to be concurrent with the late phases of aircraft flight testing. The current plan 

provides for initial science observations with a subset of science instruments in 2010, followed by 

completion of the remaining science instruments and refinement of telescope performance, at which 

point Full Operational Capability (in December 2014) is reached.

Stratospheric 

Observatory for 

Infrared 

Astronomy 

(SOFIA)

2007 919.5 2009 1,077.1 17 FOC 12/30/2013 12/30/2014 12

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Science/Technology 199.6 215.4 15.8

Other Costs 62.2 151.5 89.3

Aircraft/Spacecraft 657.7 710.2 52.5

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 919.5 1,077.1 157.6

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-182
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Cosmic Origins

Project In Development: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Late delivery of Cavity Door 

Drive System

Late delivery of software that 

operates the telescope 

observation doors on the 

aircraft will impact the 

schedule to initiate open door 

flight testing and science 

observations.

NASA has stationed a NASA representative at the vendor's 

facility to support and oversee the vendor until delivery of the 

software. NASA has reviewed and revised the schedule for 

testing of the software for schedule efficiency.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Project Management

Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) handles the platform project (airframe and telescope). DFRC 

is working with L-3 Communications (Waco,Texas), and MPC Products Corporation (Skokie,IL) to 

support the completion of the development, integration and test of the airborne platform system. L-3 

modified the SOFIA 747SP aircraft to install the telescope provided by Germany (DLR/DSI). MPC is 

developing the telescope cavity door drive system. DFRC is also working with CSC DynCorp (El 

Segundo, CA) which is providing aircraft maintainence support. 







Ames Research Center (ARC) handles the science management. ARC is working with University 

Space Research Association (Columbia, MD) to manage the science planning, ground science 

facilities, science instrument and technology development, and education and public outreach for 

SOFIA.

Acquisition Strategy

Instruments (9) ARC None Germany - DLR/DSI

Mission Operations and 

Data Analysis ARC None Germany - DLR/DSI

Science ARC None Germany - DLR/DSI

Platform DFRC DFRC Germany - DLR/DSI

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The overall Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) project, and the SOFIA 

airborne system is managed by Dryden Flight Research Center. The SOFIA science is managed by 

Ames Research Center.

Performance

SMOR - 

Independent 

Team

7/2008

Assess the science operations. Main finding 

was to make SOFIA science data available to 

general community

N/A

Performance Standing 

Review Board N/A Early science project review 12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-183
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-184
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Physics of the Cosmos

The Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program focuses on some of the most profound questions in 

contemporary science: How did the universe begin? What is the universe composed of, and what is 

its ultimate fate? What are the fundamental laws that govern the workings of space, time, matter and 

energy?







These fundamental questions can be approached by asking more specific questions: What happens 

to matter, energy, and time at the edge of a black hole, where Einstein's theory of gravity is put to its 

harshest test? What is the nature of dark matter and dark energy which pervade the universe?







It is possible that the answers to these questions will usher in a revolutionary new paradigm of 

physics. It is the goal of the PCOS Program to observe and study those phenomena in the cosmos, 

from observing the most energetic regions in the universe, those near the surfaces of super massive 

black holes, to peering back to the very beginning of time using the completely unexplored spectrum 

of gravitational radiation. The Fermi mission, for example, will search for signs of new laws of physics 

and what composes the mysterious dark matter. It will attempt to explain how black holes accelerate 

immense jets of material to nearly light speed. The XMM-Newton mission has helped scientists solve 

a number of cosmic mysteries, ranging from enigmatic black holes to the origins of the universe itself. 

Chandra will reveal new details about phenomena in our universe as scientists can now see rings and 

jets in the regions around a pulsar, like the one in the Crab Nebula supernova remnant.







For more information see:



http://nasascience.nasa.gov/about-us/smd-programs/physics-of-the-cosmos

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

159.0 157.0 219.8 249.0 271.1 326.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

159.0 157.0 219.8 249.0 271.1 326.0 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

148.9 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

148.9 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request -10.1 -28.8 -72.1 -60.5 -57.1 -34.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-185
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Physics of the Cosmos

Herschel and Planck are scheduled to launch in May 2009 and will be in full science operations by FY 

2010.







The Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope will continue in its prime operations phase. LISA, IXO and 

JDEM will continue low level technology development while awaiting final results of the Astrophysics 

decadal survey.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-186
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Physics of the Cosmos

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

-The Herschel Space Observatory is a collaborative mission with the European Space Agency and is 

scheduled for a May 2009 launch. It has the largest single mirror ever built for a space telescope 

and it will collect long-wavelength radiation from some of the coldest and most distant objects in the 

universe. NASA has contributed to instruments onboard Herschel and will also host U.S. astronomer 

access to data through the NASA Herschel Science Center. 







-Planck is also an ESA-led mission, with substantial NASA contributions, scheduled for launch in 

May, 2009. It will reveal the geometry and contents of the universe, how the universe grew 

immediately after its birth, and how the stage was set for the universe to evolve into structures that 

are seen today, such as galaxies. It will provide an order of magnitude increased precision in its 

measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). 







-Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a joint NASA/DOE mission formerly called GLAST. Fermi 

launched June, 2008 and is currently in operational phase. It is designed to detect the highest energy 

gamma-rays ever measured in a space-based mission and will provide a full-sky map filled with 

thousands of gamma-ray sources, increasing the current tally by orders of magnitude.







-Chandra, a flagship X-ray observatory currently in extended operations, has allowed scientists to 

image complex systems in exquisite detail, and to determine the positions of thousands of distant Xray sources. Chandra has also provided unique information on diverse subjects ranging from the 

presence and amount of dark matter in the universe to phenomena occurring near the horizons of 

black holes. Chandra ranked second in the FY 2008 Astrophysics Senior Review.







-The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is currently doing low level technology development 

through 2010 when the results of the Astrophysics decadal survey will be known. LISA, a joint 

mission with the European Space Agency, will provide a first view of the gravitational radiation 

spectrum from space, enabling scientists to "see" in new ways how the universe evolved, and 

allowing powerful new tests of fundamental laws. 







-The International X-ray Observatory (IXO), formerly Constellation-X, is currently in pre-formulation 

doing low level technology development through 2010 when the results of the Astrophysics decadal 

survey will be known. It is a joint X-ray observatory with participation from NASA, the European 

Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Science objectives 

are the study of black holes and matter under extreme conditions, and the life cycles of matter and 

energy in the universe. 







-The Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM), currently in pre-Phase A, is a space-based observatory that 

will make precision cosmological observations to measure the effects of dark energy on the recent 

expansion history of the universe and on the growth of structure in the universe.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-187
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Physics of the Cosmos

Chandra Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-99 Sep-14

Form

Planck Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-01

May-09

Mar-11

May-09

Mar-11

Mar-12

Form Sep-97 Sep-01

Herschel Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-01

May-09

May-14

May-09

May-14

May-15

Form Sep-97 Sep-01

Fermi Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-98 Dec-99

Dec-03

Jun-08

Sep-18

Jun-08

Aug-18

Feb-20

Form Dec-99 Dec-03

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

The acquisition strategies for JDEM, IXO, and LISA are under development. NASA will seek to 

maximize the amount of competition to ensure that the best concepts and science are supported.







U.S. elements for the Herschel and Planck missions have been delivered to ESA.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

JDEM GSFC TBD TBD

LISA GSFC GSFC/JPL ESA

IXO GSFC GSFC JAXA and ESA

Chandra MSFC None None

Planck (Instrumentation) JPL JPL ESA

Fermi GSFC GSFC Japan, Italy, France, Sweden, and 

Germany

Herschel (Instrumentation) JPL JPL ESA

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center has Program management responsibility. Project management is as 

follows:

SCI-188
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Exoplanet Exploration

Today we stand on the threshold of a voyage of unprecedented scope and ambition, promising 

insight into one of humankind's most timeless questions: Are we alone? One of the most exciting new 

fields of research within the NASA Astrophysics portfolio is the search for planets, particularly Earthlike planets, around other stars. During the last 15 years, astronomers have discovered over 300 

planets orbiting nearby stars. Most of these planets were found using ground-based telescopes, and 

most of them are gas or ice giants, similar to the four outer planets in our own Solar System. The 

majority of these planets orbit much closer to their parent stars than do the giant planets in our 

system, some as close as 0.04 AU (1 AU = 1 astronomical unit = mean Earth-Sun distance, 93 million 

miles). Mercury, by comparison, orbits the Sun at a distance of about 0.4 AU (about 37 million miles).







Most of the known extrasolar planets have been discovered by the radial velocity, or the Doppler 

method, in which one measures the tiny back-and-forth motion of a star as a planet orbits around it. 

The Doppler method tends to favor the detection of massive planets since the greater the mass of the 

planet, the greater the "wobble" it induces in the parent star. Approximately thirty planets have been 

found using a second technique, the transit method, in which one measures the slight dimming of a 

star's light that occurs as a planet passes in front of it. The transit method only works on systems in 

which the planet's orbital plane is nearly parallel to one's line of sight. The Kepler mission is 

specifically designed to survey our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover hundreds of Earth-size 

and smaller planets using the transit method to determine how many of the billions of stars in our 

galaxy have such planets.







In the future, through the use of astrometry, precision interferometry and eventually direct detection, 

NASA plans to embark on a series of missions designed to detect and characterize Earth-sized 

planets that are orbiting in the "habitable zone" of nearby stars (the range of distances at which liquid 

water could be stable at the planet's surface). The Agency's long-term vision for exoplanet exploration 

includes missions optimized not only to detect extrasolar planets, but also to measure their 

characteristics.







For more information, please see: http://exep.jpl.nasa.gov/

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

162.6 48.1 67.7 68.4 96.4 126.2 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

162.6 48.1 67.7 68.4 96.4 126.2 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

156.7 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

156.7 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request -5.9 20.0 -21.5 -11.1 -9.5 -2.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-189
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Exoplanet Exploration

The Exoplanet Exploration Program (EXEP) will assess different techniques and mission concepts for 

detecting and characterizing extrasolar planets, including space-based astrometric, coronagraphic, 

and statistical concepts. 







The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) continues technology development pending results of the 

2010 decadal survey.







Keck Interferometer development is complete and the interferometer is operational. Operations have 

been turned over to the California Association for Research in Astronomy (CARA). By early FY 2010, 

the interferometer Key Science program characterization of dust levels around nearby sun-like stars 

will be completed, helping to assess the level of impact on future exoplanet characterization missions. 







Kepler launched on March 6, 2009, and by 2010 the mission will be in full operations phase.

Plans For FY 2010

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

This line item contains the following projects:







-Kepler launched in March 2009 and is finishing in-orbit checkout; the operations phase will begin in 

summer 2009. It is specifically designed to survey the distant stars in our region of the Milky Way 

galaxy to detect and characterize hundreds of Earth-size and smaller planets in or near the 

"habitable zone." The habitable zone encompasses the distances from a star where liquid water can 

exist on a planet's surface.







-Keck Operations is the NASA portion of the Keck Observatory partnership. NASA uses its share of 

observing time for support of Exoplanet and other astrophysics related science. Observation time is



competed time, organized through the Exoplanet Exploration SR&T project.







-SIM is a mission under study in support of NASA's goal of searching for habitable planets. The 

project is currently doing risk reduction engineering, and is studying alternate designs over a range of 

cost and performance levels in support of the next Astrophysics decadal survey.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-190
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Exoplanet Exploration

Performance Exoplanet 

Task Force

01/2008 Determine planet-finding research and 

technology approach & prioritization leading up 

to the next decadal survey. Report and 

recommended strategy published and sent to 

respective agencies. For more information, 

please see: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/aboutus/NAC-subcommittees/nac-documents/2008-

01_APS_ExoPTF.pdf

N/A

Performance SRB New Program Assessment 2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Kepler Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

May-05

Mar-09

Nov-12

Mar-09

Nov-12

Nov-13

Form Dec-01 May-05

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

All major acquisitions for Kepler are in place. Ames Research Center and Ball Aerospace & 

Technologies (Boulder, CO) were selected as the Kepler development and operations team via a 

competative NASA Discovery Program Announcement of Opportunity. The Laboratory for 

Atmospheric and Space Physics (Boulder, CO) was chosen as a subcontractor for mission 

operations.







The acquisition strategy for the next Exoplanet mission is not yet determined. NASA will seek to use 

merit-based review as the basis for determining mission content to ensure that the best science and 

implementation strategy are supported.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

SIM JPL JPL None

Kepler JPL (Development) & ARC 

(MO&DA)

JPL (Development) 

& ARC (MO&DA)

None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is resposible for program management.

SCI-191
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-192
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

The Explorer Program provides frequent flight opportunities for world-class astrophysics and space 

physics investigations, using an innovative and efficient approach to spacecraft development and 

operations. The program is composed of a series of independent space science missions that share a 

common funding and management structure. The program emphasizes missions that can be 

accomplished under the control of the scientific research community within specified life cycle cost 

requirements. The program provides access to space and launch vehicle funding. These funds are 

part of the total cost cap for each mission. 







The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is the only Astrophysics Explorer mission currently in 

development. The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and Astro-H missions are in 

formulation. Astro-H is a Mission of Opportunity selected in 2008; the mission will be led by Japan, 

with NASA's contribution being a Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS). Please refer to the Heliophysics 

Theme for information on additional Explorer projects. For more information, visit: 

http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

34.6 23.9 22.5 7.1 3.2 0.0 --

Nuclear Spectroscopic 

Telescope Array (NuStar)

0.0 41.5 57.8 31.0 6.8 6.4 --

Wide - Field Infrared Survey 

Explorer (WISE)

71.8 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

106.4 130.6 93.3 43.3 11.7 6.4 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

28.3 26.8 35.0 30.6 18.2 3.8 1.7

Nuclear Spectroscopic 

Telescope Array (NuStar)

16.7 38.7 59.9 33.7 6.8 6.4 0.0

Wide - Field Infrared Survey 

Explorer (WISE)

72.7 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.2 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

117.7 130.7 107.9 69.5 26.6 10.4 1.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 11.3 0.1 14.5 26.2 15.0 4.0 --

Note: Astrophysics Explorer budget has increased due to the addition of the recently selected Astro-H/SXS Mission of 

Opportunity. FY 2010 President's Budget Request is understated by $9.9M due to the transfer of Astro-H from Heliophysics 

Explorer to Astrophysics Explorer Program in FY2010.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-193
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

The WISE launch, and the start of prime operations are scheduled for FY 2010. Dependent upon 

cryogen life, the mission may be extended beyond its seven month baseline. 







The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission will hold its confirmation review in 

August 2009 in preparation to enter the development phase in FY 2010. 







The SXS instrument for Astro-H is scheduled to be in the development phase by FY 2010, as the 

mission is scheduled to have a preliminary design review and a critical design review in FY 2010.







Suzaku will enter its fifth year of operations and its second year of key project observations. Key 

projects are defined as comprehensive observing programs sampling a number of objects of a 

particular class, or surveying a large region of the sky, in order to take maximal advantage of the 

unique attributes of Suzaku to address important astrophysical problems. 







Swift will continue to in its extended operations phase, per results of the most recent Senior Review.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-194
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), currently in formulation, is planned for 

launch in August 2011. NuSTAR will provide a greater capability for using high-energy X-rays to 

detect black holes than any currently existing instrument. NuSTAR has been designed to answer 

fundamental questions about the universe, such as: How are black holes distributed through the 

cosmos? How were the elements of the universe created? What powers the most extreme active 

galaxies? This mission will expand the ability to understand the origin of cosmic rays and help predict 

the destinies of stars and galaxies.

Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)

Currently in development and planned for launch in 2009, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 

(WISE) will provide an all-sky survey of galaxies in the infrared. During its six-month mission, WISE 

will map the sky in infrared light, searching for the nearest and coolest stars, the origins of stellar and 

planetary systems, and the most luminous galaxies in the universe. WISE's infrared survey will 

provide an essential catalog for the James Webb Space Telescope. As the telescope orbits from the 

North Pole to the South Pole and then back up to the North Pole, it will sweep out a circle in the sky. 

As Earth moves around the Sun, this circle will shift, until WISE has observed the entire sky.

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

SCI-195
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Included in this line item are five operating spacecraft in their extended operations phase:







-Suzaku is Japan's fifth X-ray astronomy mission, on which NASA provided the five X-ray mirrors, as 

well as one instrument: the micro-calorimeter spectrometer. Suzaku studies black holes, neutron 

stars, and quasars, to unravel the physics of high-energy processes and the behavior of matter 

under extreme conditions. 







-Swift studies the position, brightness, and physical properties of gamma-ray bursts. Within seconds 

of detecting a burst, Swift relays a burst's location to ground stations, allowing both groundbased



and space-based telescopes around the world the opportunity to observe the burst's afterglow.







-The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) is exploring the origin and evolution of galaxies, the origins 

of stars and heavy elements, and is conducting an all-sky ultraviolet survey.







-The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), studies the early universe by measuring the 

cosmic microwave background radiation over the full sky. WMAP produced the earliest "baby 

picture" of the universe, showing temperature variation of microwave light 379,000 years after the big 

bang, over 13 billion years ago.







-Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observes the high-energy worlds of black holes, neutron stars, 

and X-ray pulsars, gathering important information about processes and structures in white-dwarf 

stars, X-ray binaries, neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes.







Also included in this line item is the new Mission of Opportunity, Astro-H, which is an X-ray 

observation satellite under development by JAXA. With a 2013 launch, the mission objectives are to: 

trace the growth history of the largest structures in the universe, provide insights into the behavior of 

material in extreme gravitational fields, determine the spin of black holes and the equation of state of 

neutron stars, trace shock acceleration structures in clusters of galaxies, and investigate the detailed 

physics of jets. NASA is participating in this mission by providing the High-Resolution Soft X-Ray 

Spectrometer (SXS) instrument.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-196
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Astro-H Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-09

Aug-13

Aug-13

Aug-15

Form Jun-08 Aug-09

NuSTAR Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-09

Aug-11

Aug-11

Sep-13

Form Feb-08 Nov-09

RXTE Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-95 Sep-10

Form

GALEX Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-03 Sep-12

Form

WMAP Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jun-01 Sep-11

Form

Suzaku Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

May-05 Sep-11

Form

Swift Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-04 Sep-12

Form

WISE Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-06

Nov-09

May-10

Nov-09

May-10

May-13

Form Apr-02 Oct-06

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-197
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Program Management

Swift GSFC N/A None.

RXTE GSFC N/A None.

WMAP GSFC N/A None.

Suzaku GSFC N/A None.

WISE GSFC JPL None.

Astro-H GSFC N/A None.

NuSTAR GSFC JPL None.

GALEX GSFC N/A None.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Astrophysics Explorer Program is a multiple-project program with program responsibility 

assigned to Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

Explorer projects are selected through competitive Announcements of Opportunity, from which 

multiple investigations are selected for initial concept studies, followed by a competitive down-select 

to proceed to the next stage of formulation. Investigations are selected to proceed from one phase to 

the next through execution of contract options, based on successful technical, cost, and schedule 

performance in the previous phases.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-198
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Development: Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

Although only minor changes are seen in the table above, NASA's Initial Operating Plan for FY 2009 

requests an increase of $4.0M for additional testing of the spacecraft, reducing risk for the November 

2009 launch.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -- 0.0 0.2

Development / 

Implementation

-1.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -0.3

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

-1.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -- 0.0 0.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.0 -- 0.0 19.8

Development / 

Implementation

57.1 71.8 65.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 194.1

Formulation 96.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 96.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

153.7 71.8 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.0 -- 0.0 310.5

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 20.0

Development / 

Implementation

55.9 72.7 65.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 193.8

Formulation 96.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

152.5 72.7 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 310.5

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is understated by $4M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and the 

April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of NASA's Initial Operating Plan for FY 2009, the estimated lifecycle cost of 

WISE will be $314.5M, and the estimated Development cost will be $197.8M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-199
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Development: Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

Project Commitments

Launch Vehicle United Launch Alliance 

(ULA) Delta 2 Same Same

Science Payload Space Dynamics 

Laboratory (SDL)

Instrument integration and 

launch support Same Same

Mission Operations 

and Data Management UCLA Management of the data and mission operations Same Same

Spacecraft

Ball Aerospace & 

Technologies 

Corporation (BATC)

40-centimeter telescope Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

WISE will launch in November 2009 on a six-month mission (with a one-month checkout) to provide 

an all-sky survey in the wavelengths from 3.5 to 23 microns--up to 1000 times more sensitive than the 

Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) survey.

The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission has six objectives: finding the most luminous 

galaxies in the universe; finding the closest stars to the Sun; detecting most main-belt asteroids larger 

than three kilometers; extending the 2MASS Project survey into the thermal infrared; enabling a wide 

variety of studies ranging from the evolution of protoplanetary debris disks to the history of star 

formation in normal galaxies; and providing a catalog for the James Webb Space Telescope. 







For more information see: http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/

Project Purpose

The single WISE instrument is a four-channel imager that will take overlapping snapshots of the sky. 

WISE includes: a two-stage, solid-hydrogen cryostat to cool detectors and optics; a 40-centimeter 

telescope and reimaging optics; and a scan mirror to stabilize the line-of-sight while the spacecraft 

scans the sky.

Project Parameters

Schedule Commitments

Launch Readiness November 2009 November 2009 Same

Assembly, Test & Launch Operations April 2009 April 2009 Same

Begin Development October 2006 October 2006 Same

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

WISE entered development in October 2006 after an extended formulation phase. WISE is scheduled 

to launch in November 2009.

SCI-200
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Development: Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

Wide-Field 

Infrared Survey 

Explorer

2007 192.1 2009 197.8 3

Launch 

Readiness 11/30/2009 11/30/2009 0

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Science/Technology 5.0 4.4 -0.6

Payload 23.0 23.4 0.4

Other 16.5 36.1 19.6

Launch Vehicle 87.5 76.9 -10.6

Ground Systems 13.6 11.9 -1.7

Aircraft/Spacecraft 37.8 37.4 -0.4

Technology Development 3.4 3.0 -0.4

I & T Systems 5.3 4.7 -0.6

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 192.1 197.8 5.7

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

Project Management

The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer was selected competitively as part of the Explorer 

Announcement of Opportunity in 2002. All elements of the project were included in the competitive 

proposal. The cryogenic instrument is being built by Space Dynamics Laboratory (Logan, UT); Ball 

Aerospace and Technologies Corporation (Boulder, CO) is building the spacecraft; University of 

California, Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA) is managing the mission operations and data center; and 

United Launch Alliance (Denver, CO) is providing the launch vehicle.

Acquisition Strategy

Payload JPL None None

Mission operations and 

data analysis JPL JPL None

Spacecraft JPL None None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is responsible for project management.

SCI-201
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Development: Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

Cover deployment reliability Premature deployment of the 

WISE cover could result in 

venting of the cryogen and 

loss of the mission. Failure to 

deploy would block light from 

entering the telescope and 

would also result in loss of 

the mission.

Cover deployment actuation circuitry has been reviewed with 

great care and includes components with extensive flight 

heritage. End-to-end testing and monitoring will be 

conducted during spacecraft level ground testing.

Hydrogen cryostat safety The cryogen for the WISE 

cryostat is solid hydrogen. 

Operational errors could 

result in an explosion.

The WISE hardware and work procedures are designed with 

safety foremost in mind. Risk has been mitigated through 

careful design, review, training, and practice.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

Quality

Standing 

Review Board 

(SRB)

N/A

The Operations Readiness Review examines 

the actual system characteristics and the 

procedures used in the system's operation and 

ensure that all system and support (flight or 

ground) hardware, software, personnel, and 

procedures are ready for operations and that 

user documentation accurately reflects the 

deployed state of the system.

9/2009

Quality

Standing 

Review Board 

(SRB)

11/2008

The System Integration Review (SIR) evaluated 

the readiness of the project to start flight system 

assembly, test, and launch operations. The 

WISE project passed the SIR.

N/A

Quality

Standing 

Review Board 

(SRB)

N/A

The Flight Readiness Review examines tests, 

demonstrations, analyses, and audits that 

determine the system's readiness for a safe and 

successful flight/launch and the subsequent 

flight operations.

10/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-202
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Formulation: Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is an Explorer mission currently planned for 

an August 2011 launch. NuSTAR, unlike Chandra and XMM-Newton, will observe the universe at 

high X-ray energy levels. By focusing higher energy X-rays, NuSTAR will start to answer several 

fundamental questions about the universe including: How are black holes distributed through the 

cosmos? How were heavy elements forged in the explosions of massive stars? What powers the most 

extreme active galaxies? 







NuSTAR's primary science goal is to make the first deep observations of regions of the sky in the high 

energy X-ray band (6-79 keV) in order to locate massive black holes in other galaxies, locate and 

examine the remnants of collapsed stars in our galaxy, observe selected very high energy gamma-ray 

sources, and observe any supernovae of opportunity in the local group of galaxies. NuSTAR's key 

science products will be sensitive high-energy X-ray survey maps of the celestial sky that will guide 

the X-ray astronomy community research for several years to come.







For more information see: http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/

Project Purpose

NuSTAR will image the sky in the high energy X-ray band (6-79 KeV) and the spacecraft will be 3-axis 

stabilized. The primary science instruments will be two identical focusing X-ray telescopes which 

utilize an extendable 10-meter mast. The launch vehicle will be a Pegasus XL.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 0.0 41.5 57.8 31.0 6.8 6.4 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 16.7 38.7 59.9 33.7 6.8 6.4 0.0

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

16.7 -2.8 2.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-203
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Formulation: Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

Mission 

operations ,focal plane 

assembly and 

instrument electronics

University of California, 

Berkeley

Aperture stop, active shield 

module and mechanical 

enclosures

Same

X-ray optics 

development

Columbia University, 

GSFC and the Danish 

Technical University

Overall optics assembly 

management and 

manufacturing

Same

Mast, canister and 

instrument structure ATK

Delivery of mast, canister 

and instrument structure for 

the spacecraft

Same

Spacecraft Orbital Sciences 

Corporation

Spacecraft design, 

fabrication and testing. Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

NuSTAR will be launched in August 2011 into a 550km circular orbit around the Earth, with an orbital 

inclination currently planned in the 5-27 degree range. Prime operations phase is two years. No 

extended mission is currently budgeted.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch August 2011

Confirmation Review August 2009

Preliminary Design Review January 2008

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

NuSTAR was authorized for mission re-start in September 2007 and was authorized to proceed into 

Phase B in January 2008. Confirmation to proceed into Phase C (implementation) is planned for 

August 2009.

SCI-204
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Astrophysics

Program: Astrophysics Explorer

Project In Formulation: Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

Project Management

NuSTAR was selected via a NASA Explorers Announcement of Opportunity.







The spacecraft is being developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) in Dulles, Virginia.







X-ray optics are being developed by Columbia University (NY), GSFC (MD), and the Danish 

Technical University.



 



Alliant Techsystems (ATK, Goleta, CA) is responsible for mission mast and structure. The California 

Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley are completing the focal plane assembly and electronics.







JPL is responsible for overall instrument integration, and OSC is completing overall observatory 

integration. Caltech is responsible for science and UC Berkeley is responsible for mission operations.







Launch vehicle acquisition is through KSC.

Acquisition Strategy

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is responsible for NuSTAR Project Management. 







The Principal Investigator at the California Institute of Technology is responsible for mission science.

Performance SRB 07/2008 SRR Authority to enter Phase B N/A

Performance SRB N/A Preliminary Design Review (PDR); authority to 

enter Phase C 06/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-205
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-206
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

The Earth resides in the extended atmosphere of an active star. While sunlight enables and sustains 

life, the Sun's variability produces streams of high energy particles and radiation that can harm life and 

important technology (such as satellites and power grids). Under the protective shield of its magnetic 

field and atmosphere, Earth is an island in the universe where life has developed and flourished. 







The goal of the Heliophysics Division is to understand the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary 

environments as a single connected system. In addition to solar processes, this domain of study 

includes the interaction of solar plasma and radiation with Earth, other planets, and our galaxy. By 

analyzing the connections between the Sun, solar wind, the planetary space environments, and the 

galaxy, scientists are uncovering fundamental physical processes that occur throughout the universe. 

Understanding these processes will allow scientists to predict the impacts of solar variability on 

humans, technological systems, and even the presence of life itself.







Scientists have already discovered ways to peer into the internal workings of the Sun and understand 

how Earth's magnetosphere responds to solar activity. The challenge now is to explore the full system 

of complex interactions that characterize the relationship of the Sun with the solar system. 







NASA's Heliophysics Division strives to answer the following big questions:







- How does solar variability affect human society, technological systems and the habitability of 

planets?



- What are the hazards and resources in the solar system environment that will affect the extension of 

human presence in space?



- How and why does the Sun vary and what are the consequences?



- What are the fundamental physical processes of the space environment?







A combination of interrelated elements is necessary to make progress in answering these questions. 

They include a complement of missions of varying sizes to collect new science data, timely 

development of technologies that enable new science, and acquisition of knowledge through research, 

analysis, theory, and modeling.

Theme Overview

SCI-207
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS) 210.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Near Earth Networks 39.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

New Millennium 25.8 4.3 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 --

Heliophysics Explorer Program 61.0 41.3 66.8 125.1 156.0 160.1 --

Solar Terrestrial Probes 105.9 123.1 137.5 171.4 172.6 161.5 --

Living with a Star 217.1 223.8 212.0 216.6 232.8 237.5 --

Heliophysics Research 181.2 184.8 180.3 175.3 179.8 187.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 840.9 577.3 598.9 689.4 741.2 746.6 --

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS) 210.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Near Earth Networks 40.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

New Millennium 15.0 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Heliophysics Explorer Program 48.1 31.4 69.4 119.7 158.1 161.3 167.4

Solar Terrestrial Probes 71.9 123.1 143.0 169.1 170.6 160.8 164.3

Living with a Star 218.1 238.6 212.2 204.6 208.7 230.0 236.6

Heliophysics Research 183.3 195.9 178.6 178.1 183.1 190.6 194.3

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 787.6 591.6 605.0 672.6 720.5 742.7 762.6

Total Change from FY 2009 Request -53.3 14.3 6.2 -16.8 -20.7 -3.9 --

Note: Starting in FY 10, the Astro-H project is in the Astrophysics theme.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-208
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Small Explorers (SMEX) selections (to be selected in 2009) will begin their formulation activities. The IBEX, 

CINDI, TWINS, AIM, and THEMIS missions will continue mission operations.

Heliophysics Explorer Program

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission(MMS) will continue development work, progressing towards mission 

Critical Design Review. STEREO and Hinode will continue mission operations.

Solar Terrestrial Probes

The Solar Dynamics Observatory will launch in early FY10. NASA will award instrument contracts for the 

Solar Probe mission. The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission will complete mission Critical Design 

Review.

Living with a Star

The Research program will continue to operate 16 missions and 27 spacecraft and conduct another senior 

review of these missions. Heliophysics data centers will continue to archive and distribute collected science 

data.

Heliophysics Research

Plans for FY 2010

SCI-209
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Heliophysics supports NASA's Strategic Plan Sub-Goal 3B: Understand the Sun and its effect on 

Earth and the solar system. This effort is comprised of three focus areas, or Outcomes:



3B.1: Progress in understanding the fundamental physical processes of the space environment from 

the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium.



3B.2: Progress in understanding how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of 

planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields.



3B.3: Progress in developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space in 

order to maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers.







Heliophysics researchers study the Sun and its influence on the solar system. Using data from a 

group of spacecraft that form an extended network of sensors, NASA seeks to understand the 

fundamental physics behind Sun-planet interactions and study space environmental hazards. 

Improved understanding and observations of solar events and the interaction between Earth and the 

Sun will provide the information needed to develop early warning systems and technologies to protect 

astronauts, spacecraft, and the systems that support them from hazardous space radiation. This 

progress strengthens our nation's space leadership and creates a robust science and technology 

base supporting all of NASA's space activities. 







See FY 2010 Performance Plan for specific annual goals.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The Heliophysics Program is guided by U.S. National Space Policy and follows NASA's tradition of 

establishing its priorities through consultation with world-class experts. Heliophysics relies on two 

advisory bodies for scientific assessments and decadal surveys: the National Research Council's 

Space Studies Board and the NASA Advisory Council. 







Heliophysics missions such as the Advanced Composition Explorer provide critical data to the 

Department of Defense, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the National Oceanographic and 

Atmospheric Administration to guard against space weather impacts. The Living With a Star (LWS) 

program targets research and technologies that are relevant to the operational needs of these 

agencies. The nation's safety, security, and economy have become increasingly dependent on 

technologies that are susceptible to the extremes of space weather -- severe disturbances of the 

upper atmosphere and of the near-Earth space environment that are driven by the magnetic activity 

of the Sun. Space weather events can damage satellites and power grids, and disrupt air traffic 

communications. Inter-agency activities are coordinated through the National Space Weather 

Program Council (NSWPC) within the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. 

Organizations around the world also access Heliophysics data via the International Space 

Environment Service. 







Heliophysics is also working to improve our understanding of magnetic reconnection, a process that 

occurs throughout the universe when stressed magnetic field lines suddenly transition to a new 

shape. This understanding is expected to greatly benefit the Department of Energy's efforts in the 

area of fusion energy, as magnetic reconnection phenomena play a critical role in virtually every 

configuration that is being explored to confine high-temperature plasmas.







Internationally, NASA's Heliophysics Program plays a leadership role with both the International 

Heliophysical Year and International Living With a Star activities, leveraging space assets and 

resources to achieve greater scientific advancement now and in the future.

SCI-210
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Society is increasingly dependent on modern technology, including power grids, global positioning, 

weather forecasting and satellite communications. The valuable assets that support these 

technologies are vulnerable to solar activity and space weather events, so the need to predict solar 

events and mitigate their effect is critical to the public's safety, security, and the Nation's economy. A 

newly released report by the National Academy of Sciences titled "Severe Space Weather Events -- 

Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts" for the first time attempts to quantify the effects of 

extreme space weather on the nation (www.nap.edu/catalog/12507.html). The report concludes that 

improving forecasting capabilities and raising public awareness are instrumental in mitigating severe 

consequences. The Heliophysics Program supports the rapid transition of research results, models 

and data into operational products that benefit the public and other segments of the United States 

Government. 







Heliophysics education programs include the award-winning Family Science Night, which introduces 

local communities to a wide range of Heliophysics-related topics. The Program partners with 

Astrophysics and Earth Science for a multi-disciplinary approach to such topics as light and spectrum, 

the seasons, and solar power. The IBEX mission has partnered with Adler Planetarium in Chicago to 

develop a planetarium show that communicates the scientific goals and results of the IBEX mission. 

The STEREO mission regularly provides selected images and movies to over 250 science centers 

through the ViewSpace outreach program and the Astronomical Bulletins of the American Museum of 

National History in New York.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

SCI-211
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

The Explorer program achieved three successful launches in 2008. The Two Wide-angle Imaging 

Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS-B) mission was launched and is now providing (along with 

TWINS-A) the first ever 3-D images of the magnetosphere. The Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics 

Investigation (CINDI) instrument on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System 

(C/NOFS) Air Force spacecraft is observing the ionosphere at the lowest recorded solar minimum. 

Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) was successfully launched in October 2008 to provide the first 

ever images of the heliosphere (a bubble in space produced by the solar wind). In addition, six Small 

Explorers (SMEX) proposals and the GOLD Mission of Opportunity were selected to complete concept 

study reports.







Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) successfully 

completed the first tail season of its observing plan with five operational spacecraft resulting in 

significant progress in understanding how Earth's magnetic field stores energy from the solar wind 

until it is released, producing substorms. 







After 18 years of operations, ULYSSES was decommissioned. In its final year, it detected the lowest 

solar wind velocities and densities (40% lower than during any solar cycle) ever recorded during solar 

minimum. At the same time Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) measurements indicate that 

the Sun's polar fields are smaller by a factor of two. The change in strength suggests that the 

upcoming solar cycle may be significantly different than previous well-observed cycles. 







The twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) imagers have exceeded expectations with 

their ability to image the slow solar wind, co-rotating interaction regions, and coronal mass ejections. 

During 2007, STEREO observed a series of solar wind wave fronts sweeping past Earth. 







SDO completed observatory-level testing and check-out and is ready for launch when an Atlas launch 

vehicle slot opens. MMS was approved to proceed into Phase B. Radiation Belt Storm Probes 



(RBSP) was recently confirmed to begin implementation and has started Phase C. The Balloon Array 

for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) mission started Phase B and completed 

System Requirements Review. Space Environment Testbeds (SET) was successfully completed and 

shipped to the US Air Force for integration & testing on the Deployable Structures Experiment (DSX) 

spacecraft. Solar Probe Plus, a mission to study the origins of hazardous solar storms, started PrePhase A studies. NASA approved Solar Orbiter to enter Phase A and is developing a collaborative 

agreement for a joint mission with the European Space Agency (ESA). 







In the New Millenium Program (NMP), the Space Technology 7 project completed development and a 

successful pre-ship Review. Sounding Rockets completed 12 suborbital launches, supporting seven 

science investigations, two technology demonstrations and one educational project.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SCI-212
Theme: Heliophysics

Mission Directorate: Science

Performance NAC/Heliophysics 

Subcommittee

07/2008 Reviews of selected annual performance goals 

as documented in Performance and 

Accountability Report (PAR). Review found that 

Heliophysics has achieved its annual goals, and 

made significant progress toward understanding 

our local space environment and the 

fundamental science that is beginning to enable 

a reliable space weather predictive capability.

07/2009

Relevance NAC/Heliophysics 

Subcommittee

09/2006 Review of Heliophysics Strategic Plan including 

science and program implementation strategies 

and relevance to the NASA Strategies and 

goals. Review concluded that the Heliophysics 

program as defined in the recent roadmap can 

be carried out with the current funding profile. 

However, concerns exist with regard to R&A and 

Explorer program funding.

09/2009

Quality Senior Review 

Panel

04/2008 All Heliophysics Operating Missions were 

reviewed for their continued relevance to the 

strategic goals of the Heliophysics division. All 

missions except FAST received satisfactory or 

excellent ratings.

04/2010

Other National 

Research 

Council

12/2003 The Decadal Research Strategy assessed the 

current status and future directions of NASA's 

programs in solar and space physics research. 

The report identifies broad scientific challenges 

that define the focus and thrust of solar and 

space physics research for the decade 2003 

through 2013 and presents a prioritized set of 

missions, facilities, and programs designed to 

address those challenges.

12/2012

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-213
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-214
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

The science of Heliophysics is a unique blend of Astrophysics and Meteorology, involving the study of 

the interactions between gravitational and magnetic forces. The Heliophysics Research Program 

supports investigations of the Sun and planetary space environments by operating 16 missions 

(involving 27 spacecraft) and processing, archiving and distributing the data they collect. This fleet of 

spacecraft undertaking Heliophysics investigations, spanning all the space above the Earth's lower 

atmosphere, and from the core of the Sun to the outermost reaches of the solar wind, is informally 

termed the "Heliophysics Great Observatory" since the aggregation of data from all the spacecraft 

results in research synergies that would not be possible otherwise. 







Heliophysics Research & Analysis routinely solicits proposals in several broad areas in order to 

advance our knowledge in support of NASA strategic goals. In addition, NASA occassionally offers 

special solicitations to take advantage of research opportunities that arise from the current solar 

environment. The Research Program also funds scientific investigations based on suborbital 

platforms, such as balloons or sounding rockets, and maintains some of the vital communications 

infrastructure to do so at Wallops Flight Facility. The Research and Analysis and Guest Investigator 

Projects fund more in-depth scientific investigations using all of this collected data via a competitive 

process that is held each year.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

107.3 87.5 77.9 69.0 71.4 75.5 --

Sounding Rockets Operations 42.9 63.4 66.5 67.5 68.9 71.4 --

Heliophysics Research and 

Analysis

30.9 33.9 35.9 38.9 39.6 40.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

181.2 184.8 180.3 175.3 179.8 187.5 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

99.4 87.5 76.7 72.3 75.1 79.1 80.1

Sounding Rocket Operations 51.0 77.4 66.5 67.5 68.9 71.4 73.1

Heliophysics Research and 

Analysis

33.0 31.0 35.4 38.4 39.1 40.1 41.1

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

183.3 195.9 178.6 178.1 183.1 190.6 194.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request 2.1 11.1 -1.7 2.8 3.3 3.1 --

Note: Reallocation of extended mission budget to other programs for extended mission operations.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-215
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

The Research and Analysis Program will hold its annual competition for new research awards; 

approximately $15 million will be available for the competition resulting in approximately 90 new 

awards. Guest Investigator Program will also hold its annual competition for new awards with 

approximately $13 million available for new awards. 







All missions operating beyond their prime phase will be evaluated by a NASA-sponsored Senior 

Review in April 2010 to determine their status and optimize the allocation of funding for FY 2011 and 

beyond in order to achieve NASA's strategic science goals. The Sounding Rockets Program will 

launch approximately 22 missions, from domestic and international locations. The Research Range 

will provide launch instrumentation for NASA suborbital programs and projects at both local and 

remote locations. Science Data and Computing Technology will continue to sustain the National 

Space Science Data Center and hold its annual competition for the Applied Information Systems 

Research where approximately $2 million will be available for new research awards.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-216
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Research and Analysis comprises an ever-evolving suite of individual Principal Investigator-proposed 

investigations that cover the complete range of science disciplines and techniques essential to 

achieve the Heliophysics Theme objectives and to take full advantage of the scientific data collected 

by NASA missions. Research and Analysis covers four elements: Geospace Science, Low-Cost 

Access to Space, Solar and Heliospheric Physics, and Heliophysics Theory. 







Geospace Science studies the physics of magnetospheres, including their formation and 

fundamental interactions with plasmas, fields, and particles (Earth's magnetosphere is emphasized, 

but studies of the magnetospheres of planets, comets, and other primordial bodies are also 

supported). Geospace Science deals with the physics of the mesosphere, thermosphere, 

ionosphere, and aurorae of Earth, including the coupling of these phenomena to the lower 

atmosphere and magnetosphere. 







Low-Cost Access to Space funds science investigations that may be completed through suborbital 

rocket or balloon flight of experimental instrumentation, as well as proof-tests of new concepts in 

experimental techniques that may ultimately find application in free-flying Heliophysics space 

missions. 







Solar and Heliospheric Physics treats the Sun as a typical star, as the dominant, time-varying source 

of energy, plasma, and energetic particles in the solar system (especially concerning its influence on 

Earth). This project investigates the origin and propagation of the solar wind and magnetic field from 

the Sun to the Heliopause (the boundary between the solar wind and the interstellar medium), the 

acceleration and transport of energetic particles in the heliosphere and the interface of solar 

influence with the interstellar medium.







The Heliophysics Theory Program supports efforts to attack problems using relatively large "critical 

mass" groups of investigators that are beyond the scope of smaller research and technology efforts.

Heliophysics Research and Analysis

SCI-217
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

Sounding Rockets: This project funds all suborbital mission activities (payload integration, launch, 

and mission operation) that support science investigations funded in other parts of the research 

program. (Including Heliophysics and Astrophysics Research and Analysis programs and even 

exploration technology test and demonstration programs.) Sounding Rockets present unique lowcost platforms that provide direct access to Earth's mesosphere (50-90 kilometers), lower 

thermosphere (90-120 kilometers), and the Earth's magnetosphere (up to 1,500 kilometers). 

Because of their short duration and access to Earth's upper atmosphere and the space environment, 

sounding rocket suborbital missions also enable calibration under-flights of orbital missions, repeated 

proof-of-concept technology demonstration missions, and valuable end-to-end space mission 

experience for scientists and engineers learning to develop and execute discovery-oriented orbital 

missions. 







Research Range: The Research Range effort funds NASA's only test range, located at Wallops 

Flight Facility, for launch of suborbital and orbital vehicles, supporting launch operations, tracking, 

telemetry and command (TT&C) capabilities. The Wallops Research Range also supports a mobile 

TT&C capability to support launches safely from a number of launch sites worldwide, many of which 

have limited capabilities of their own. The NASA Research Range is one of the few ranges in the 

Nation to offer a mobile capability. The Range maintains it own airspace and supports a wide variety 

of small launch vehicles, suborbital missions, and airborne missions utilizing non-FAA-certified 

vehicles such as unmanned aircraft systems.

Sounding Rocket Operations

SCI-218
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

Following the commissioning and checkout phase of any spacecraft, Headquarters management 

responsibility for operations and data analysis transitions to the Heliophysics Research Program. 

(However, a number of operating spacecraft still receive funding from their respective development 

programs.) The Research Program is responsible for collecting, archiving, and distributing the data 

collected by all operating spacecraft. Current operating spacecraft include: Cluster II, AIM, ACE, 

THEMIS, Voyager, Wind, Geotail, TWINS, RHESSI, CINDI, STEREO, SOHO, TIMED, Hinode, and 

SDO (to launch in 2009). It is this collective asset that provides the data, expertise, and research 

results that contribute directly to the national goal of real-time space weather prediction and to 

fundamental research on solar and space plasma physics. In 2008, these missions underwent their 

biannual Senior Review from which new budgets have been recommended, consistent with their 

evolving scientific goals. Major decisions based on the Senior Review findings included the 

termination of the FAST mission, approval to proceed with the Artemis mission (a splitting of two of 

the high-orbit satellites in the THEMIS constellation to lunar orbits), as well as continuing with the 

THEMIS-Low mission. 







The Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) leads in the design and implementation of unique multimission and multi-disciplinary data services, innovative ground data system concepts, educational 

programs, and cross-cutting data, modeling and visualization research. NASA's Solar Data Analysis 

Center provides a variety of routes to current and past solar images and digital data. Links on the 

home page (http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov) will bring you up-to-date on the current state of the Sun 

and its surrounding atmosphere.







The Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program (GIP) is a critical component of the Heliophysics 

Operating Missions. The GIP program selects the best ideas from a broad community of researchers 

in universities and institutions across the country, enabling optimum science return through utilization 

of data from the operating missions. This year all Heliophysics Education efforts will be consolidated 

under this project and competed via the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science 

(ROSES) announcement in order to better coordinate program and mission activities. NASA will 

select education and outreach proposals that best explain and inspire students and the public on the 

science of Heliophysics and the societal impacts of space weather.







Science Data and Computing: Science Data and Computing includes two elements, the National 

Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) and administration of the Applied Information Systems 

Research (AISR) investigations selected under the ROSES NASA Research Announcements (NRA). 

Both are SMD-wide support activities. The NSSDC is responsible for assuring the permanent 

archiving and preservation of space science data from past missions. The AISR Program exploits 

advances in information science and technology to enhance the science productivity from SMDsponsored missions.







Science Planning & Research Support: This project funds scientists to be on peer review panels and 

other community science support efforts (e.g., strategic road mapping, support to NRC boards, 

interagency working groups, SMD advisory groups and other reviews as requested by SMD).







GSFC Building Support: The Exploration Sciences building, currently under construction at the 

Goddard Space Flight Center, is a 262,500 square-foot laboratory and office building. The facility will 

provide state-of-the-art laboratory, support, and office space for 750 scientists. By consolidating 

science work groups, it is expected to increase work efficiency and scientific collaboration. The new 

facility will replace the 44-year old Research Projects Laboratory building and the 37-year old Space 

Science Data Center building.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-219
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

Annual peer-reviewed research solicitation for 

grant opportunities

Research & Analysis None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

RHESSI Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Feb-02 Feb-13

Feb-14

Form

Thermosphere, 

Ionosphere, 

Mesosphere Energetics 

and Dynamics (TIMED)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-01 Dec-13

Dec-14

Form

Cluster-II Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jul-00 Jul-10

Jul-11

Form

Advanced Composition 

Explorer (ACE)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-97 Aug-13

Aug-14

Form

Solar and Heliospheric 

Observatory (SOHO)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-95 Dec-13

Dec-14

Form

Wind Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-94 Nov-13

Nov-14

Form

Geotail Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jul-92 Jul-08

Jul-10

Form

Voyager Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Aug-77 Aug-13

Aug-14

Form

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-220
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Research

Quality Senior Review 

Panel

N/A The Heliophysics data centers along with the 

NSSDC will undergo a Senior Review panel in 

July 2009 to assess their operational 

effectiveness.

07/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Program Management

Science Data and Computing SMD GSFC and other 

NASA Centers

None

Sounding Rockets and 

Research Range

SMD GSFC None

Heliophysics Operating 

Missions

SMD GSFC and JPL ESA and JAXA

Research and Analysis SMD All NASA Centers None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

NASA Headquarters has program management resonsiblity for the Heliophysics Research Program.

All acquisitions in the Heliophysics Research and Analysis (R&A) component are based on full and 

open competition. Proposals are peer reviewed and selected based on the NASA research 

announcement, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES). Universities, 

government research labs, and industry throughout the U.S. participate in R&A research projects. 

The Heliophysics Operating Missions and instrument teams were previously selected from NASA 

Announcements of Opportunity. NASA evaluates the allocation of funding among the operating 

missions bi-annually through the Heliophysics Senior Review. 







Both the prime contracts for the Sounding Rocket Operations and for Research Range Operations 

are currently being re-competed. The new contracts are expected to be in place by late 2009.







The Science Data and Computing component holds a competition where proposals are peer 

reviewed and selected based on ROSES research announcement. Universities, government 

research labs, and industry throughout the United States participate in Science Data and Computing 

Technology research projects.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-221
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-222
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

35.5 45.3 39.7 49.2 85.8 101.3 --

Solar Probe Plus 13.9 0.0 3.4 40.1 74.2 106.3 --

Radiation Belt Storm Probes 

(RBSP)

77.7 154.4 154.7 113.4 57.9 15.8 --

Solar Dynamics Observatory 

(SDO)

90.0 24.1 14.2 14.0 14.9 14.1 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

217.1 223.8 212.0 216.6 232.8 237.5 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

28.4 45.3 37.0 39.8 48.3 134.0 122.4

Solar Probe Plus 13.9 18.0 4.0 16.6 36.7 57.8 81.3

Radiation Belt Storm Probes 

(RBSP)

67.8 154.4 137.1 127.9 105.1 22.0 17.3

Solar Dynamics Observatory 

(SDO)

108.1 20.8 34.1 20.2 18.6 16.3 15.6

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

218.1 238.6 212.2 204.6 208.7 230.0 236.6

Changes from FY 2009 Request 1.0 14.7 0.2 -11.9 -24.1 -7.5 --

Note: SDO budget increased to accommodate launch delay. RBSP budget rephased consistent with budget approved at 

Confirmation Review. Solar Probe Plus budget is consistent with a 2018 launch date.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-223
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

The Living with a Star (LWS) Program seeks to improve our understanding of how and why the Sun 

varies, how the Earth and solar system respond, and most importantly, how this variability and 

response affect life on Earth. This improved understanding of solar variability (i.e., space weather) 

and its effects will lead to a reliable predictive capability for space weather. This capability is essential 

to safe and successful future space exploration and increased use of complex technological systems 

to improve the safety and quality of life on the ground. LWS accomplishes its goals with a 

combination of new science missions and yearly science research grant opportunities. Its first 

mission, the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), will complement and improve upon major 

capabilities of the Solar and Helispheric Observatory (SOHO), launched in 1995. 







Prof. James van Allen made the first major discovery of the space age with Explorer 1 in 1958: the 

existence of Earth's two radiation belts, which are now named after him. The second LWS mission, 

the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), will analyze these phenomena in unprecedented detail. 

Two identical spacecraft in elliptical orbits will make simultaneous measurements of processes that 

accelerate and transport radiation particles as they transit through Earth's radiation belts. The RBSP 

results will enable the development of models for Earth's radiation belts and for other related but 

under-sampled planetary environments, such as Mars. Spacecraft and aeronautics engineers will 

apply the models to improve spacecraft design and to alert operators or pilots of predicted storms and 

ionizing radiation that could impact crew health or vehicle operations. 







Two additional missions are currently developing mission concepts: the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) 

mission and Solar Orbiter Collaboration (SOC) with the European Space Agency. Solar Probe Plus 

will explore the Sun from very close range (inside 10 solar radii) to improve our understanding of the 

generation and flow of the solar wind that links the Sun to the Earth and the solar system. The SOC 

will investigate the links between the solar surface, corona, and inner heliosphere from as close as 45 

solar radii and image the side of the Sun not visible from Earth. 







For more information, please see http://lws.gsfc.nasa.gov/.

Program Overview

The Solar Dynamics Observatory will launch in November 2009. NASA plans to award instrument 

contracts for the Solar Probe Plus mission. Detailed design activities for the Solar Orbiter 

Collaboration with the European Space Agency will begin following the selection of the science 

instruments. The RBSP mission will continue fabrication and test activities and conduct the System 

Integration Review. The Space Environment Testbeds and BARREL projects will continue testing for 

their upcoming launches in 2013 and 2012 respectively.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-224
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Solar Probe Plus mission is currently in formulation. It will perform the first in-situ 

measurements very close to the Sun (as close as 10 solar radii) to improve our understanding of the 

generation and flow of the solar wind that links the Sun to the Earth and the solar system. NASA is 

examining several Solar Probe Plus mission architectures and technologies for the mission. 

Instruments will be selected in 2010 in support of a 2018 launch. Additional detail can be found in 

the Solar Probe Plus section of this document.

Solar Probe Plus

The RBSP mission will improve the understanding of how solar storms interact with and change 

particles, fields, and radiation in Earth's Van Allen radiation belts and atmosphere. This knowledge 

could be applied to any planet in our solar system that has a magnetic core. This mission was 

recently confirmed to proceed into the development phase and is scheduled to launch in May 2012. 

Additional detail can be found in the RBSP section of this document.

Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is currently in development. It will investigate how the Sun's 

magnetic field is structured, as well as how its energy is converted and released into the heliosphere 

in the forms of solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in solar irradiance. The SDO mission 

will launch in October or November of 2009, a delay of 10 months from the previously planned 

launch date, due to problems securing a spot on the Atlas V launch vehicle manifest. Additional 

detail can be found in the SDO section of this document.

Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

SCI-225
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Space Environment Testbeds (SET): The Space Environment Testbeds (SET) will improve the 

engineering approach to accommodate and/or mitigate the effects of solar variability on spacecraft 

design and operations. It has two components: a data mining element that has been completed and 

a space flight mission. The flight mission is a testbed that has been delivered to the U.S. Air Force 

for integration onto its Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) payload. The DSX launch is 

scheduled for 2013.







Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL): BARREL is a balloon-based 

mission that will launch a series of science instruments to complement the measurements made on 

the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission. BARREL will measure the precipitation of 

relativistic electrons from the radiation belts. Implementation responsibility has been assigned to the 

Wallops Balloon Program Office. 







Solar Orbiter Collaboration (SOC): The Solar Orbiter Collaboration (SOC) is a cost sharing mission 

with the European Space Agency (ESA) wherein ESA provides the spacecraft, the ESA member 

states provide most instrument/science investigations, and the LWS Program provides the launch 

vehicle and three instrument/science investigations. These instruments were selected in March 

2009 and will continue formulation work in 2010. The SOC will provide close-up views of the Sun's 

polar regions and its back-side and will tune its orbit to the direction of the Sun's rotation. This will 

permit the spacecraft's instruments to observe emissions and solar wind from one specific area for 

much longer than currently possible and will provide more insight into the evolution of sunspots, 

active regions, coronal holes and other solar features and phenomenona than past missions. 







Living with a Star Science: LWS science funds competitively-selected proposals that improve the 

understanding of the physics of the integrated system that links the Sun to the heliosphere and 

planetary atmospheres. This improved understanding will be achieved through data analysis to 

support the development of new or revised theories and models and is the precursor to a predictive 

space weather capability.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-226
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

SET Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jan-06

Apr-12

Apr-13

Apr-12

Apr-13

Oct-13

Form Jan-04 Jan-06

BARREL Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-10

Dec-12

Dec-13

Dec-12

Dec-13

Mar-15

Form Sep-06 Apr-10

RBSP Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-08

May-12

May-14

May-12

May-14

May-15

Form Sep-06 Dec-08

SDO Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Jul-04

Oct-09

Oct-14

Oct-09

Oct-14

Oct-15

Form Aug-02 Jul-04

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

Program Management

SET GSFC GSFC CNES (French Space Agency, Centre 

National d'Etudes Spatiales), DERA 

(Defence Evaluation and Research 

Agency)

Solar Probe Plus JHU/APL TBD TBD

SOC GSFC TBD TBD

BARREL GSFC GSFC None

SDO GSFC GSFC None

RBSP JHU/APL None National Reconnaissance Office 

(NRO)

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is the managing center for the program. Missions are 

implemented by GSFC or Johns Hopkins University-Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU-APL).

SCI-227
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Performance IPAO 02/2009 Overall assessment of life cycle cost, schedule 

and deliverables of the LWS Program. Review 

board concluded that these programs have met 

their success criteria and should continue in 

accordance with their existing plans.

02/2011

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

LWS missions will be managed either by Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) or by Johns Hopkins 

University - Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU-APL). All missions will report to GSFC as the 

managing center for the program. The Science Mission Directorate Associate Administrator will 

determine which organization will manage each mission, and whether the spacecraft will be procured 

or built in-house at the managing organization for the mission. 







The SDO launch vehicle and two instruments were selected through full and open competition, and 

one instrument is being provided sole-source from the Lockheed Martin Corporation. The spacecraft 

is an in-house build at GSFC.







Four instrument suites for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) were selected through full and 

open competition, and one instrument was manifested at the request of the National 

Reconnaissance Office. The launch vehicle will be selected through full and open competition, and 

the spacecraft is an in-house build at JHU/APL.







BARREL was selected through full and open competition through the same solicitation as the RBSP 

instruments. Two SET experiments were selected through full and open competition, and two were 

contributed by CNES and DERA. 







Solar Probe Plus will continue being studied in preparation for the selection of science investigations. 

NASA-led Solar Orbiter Collaboration (SOC) instruments are to be selected using full and open 

competition as will the Solar Probe Plus and SOC launch vehicles. No decision has been made 

regarding the acquisition of the Solar Probe spacecraft.

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-228
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

The SDO mission will launch in November of 2009, a delay of 11 months from the previously planned 

launch date, due to problems securing a spot on the Atlas V launch vehicle manifest. The delay 

resulted in a significant increase in Development costs. The operations budget has also been 

increased to reduce risk.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 -20.9 -2.0 6.2 3.7 2.2 -- 8.6 13.4

Development / 

Implementation

12.1 18.1 17.6 21.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 69.7

Formulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 --

Other -11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -- 0.1 -11.7

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.4 18.1 -3.3 19.9 6.3 3.6 2.2 -- 8.7 71.4

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 20.9 14.2 14.0 14.9 14.1 -- 8.6 86.7

Development / 

Implementation

522.1 90.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 615.3

Formulation 84.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 84.9

Other 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- -0.1 11.6

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

618.7 90.0 24.1 14.2 14.0 14.9 14.1 -- 8.6 798.5

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 20.2 18.6 16.3 15.6 17.2 100.1

Development / 

Implementation

534.2 108.1 20.8 21.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685.0

Formulation 84.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.9

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

619.1 108.1 20.8 34.1 20.2 18.6 16.3 15.6 17.2 870.0

Note: The FY 2010 LCC number in the table above is overstated by $2.4M due to the difference in the FY09 enacted bill and the 

April 2009 initial operating plan. Assuming approval of the FY 2009 Inital Operating Plan, the estimated SDO lifecycle cost will 

be $867.6M, and the estimated Development costs will be $682.6M.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-229
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is the first mission for the Living With a Star (LWS) Program. 

It will investigate how the Sun's magnetic field is structured and how its energy is converted and 

released into the heliosphere in the forms of solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in solar 

irradiance. Scientists will analyze SDO data to improve the science needed for space weather 

predictions. The five-year prime life is designed to provide measurements over a substantial portion of 

the solar cycle. 







SDO measures subsurface flows, photopheric magnetic fields, high-temperature solar atmospheric 

structures, and the extreme ultraviolet spectral irradiance that affects Earth's atmosphere. SDO plans 

to provide crucial understanding of solar activity, the solar cycle, and the inputs to geospace. 

Predictive modeling cannot improve without the improved data SDO will provide. SDO is an essential 

replacement for the aging SOHO spacecraft.







For more information please go to the website for SDO: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/sdo.

Project Purpose

The SDO satellite will be placed into an inclined geosynchronous orbit to allow for a nearly-continuous 

observation of the Sun, a high-science data downlink rate, and contact with a single, dedicated, 

ground station. The combined data from the satellite and the three science instruments--the 

Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), and 

the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)--will require a downlink rate of 1.4 terrabytes per day.

Project Parameters

SCI-230
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

Project Commitments

Spacecraft GSFC

Deliver high-rate data from 

instrument to ground 

station with a high accuracy 

for 5 years.

Same Same

Atmospheric Imaging 

Assembly (AIA)

Lockheed Martin Solar 

Astrophysics Laboratory

Field-of-view of 40 arcminutes in 1 

chromospheric, 3 coronal 

wavelength bands with 1.2 

arc-second resolution, and 

a cadence of 4 images 

every 10s: obtain full-disk 

images of the solar 

atmosphere.

Same Same

Extreme Ultraviolet 

Variability Experiment 

(EVE)

University of Colorado

Make hourly solar spectral 

irradiance measurements 

in 6 emission lines at 

resolution of 0.2 

nanometers, and measure 

Helium II emission line with 

resolution of 5 nanometers.

Same Same

Ground System GSFC

Transmit 1.3 MB/sec of Kaband science data to the 

scientists and have 30-day 

backup ground storage.

Same Same

Atlas V Evolved 

Expendable Launch 

Vehicle (EELV)Vehicle

KSC and Lockheed 

Martin

Deliver a 3,200 kg 

spacecraft to 

geosynchronous transfer 

orbit at about 2,500 km 

altitude.

Same Same

Helioseismic and 

Magnetic Imager (HMI) Stanford University

Resolution of 1 arc-second, 

with noise level <= 40 

meters per second and 25 

Gauss respectively: obtain 

full-disk photospheric 

velocity and longitudinal 

magnetic field 

measurements every 60 

seconds.

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

SDO will launch in November 2009 to begin a five-year prime mission in geosynchronous Earth orbit.

SCI-231
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

Schedule Commitments

Launch Readiness August 2008 December 2008 November 2009

Deliver Science Instruments to Spacecraft February 2007 November 2007 Same

Complete Spacecraft Structure January 2006 March 2006 Same

Critical Design Review February 2005 April 2005 Same

Begin Implementation July 2004 Same Same

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

NASA authorized the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) project to begin formulation in August 2002 

and to enter phase B in October 2003. After an independent review coincident with the project's 

Preliminary Design Review, the NASA Program Management Council confirmed the SDO Project to 

begin development in July 2004.

Solar Dynamics 

Observatory 

(SDO)

2006 623.7 2009 682.6 9

Launch 

Readiness 8/30/2008 11/1/2009 14

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Reserve 0.0 13.1 13.1

Other 17.5 210.9 193.4

Science / Technology 0.0 0.0 0.0

Ground System 69.7 44.7 -25.0

Launch Vehicle 120.6 108.3 -12.3

I & T 0.0 5.4 5.4

Payload 181.8 152.4 -29.4

Spacecraft 234.1 147.8 -86.3

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 623.7 682.6 58.9

Development costs have increased to accommodate the launch delay from December 2008 to 

November 2009.

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development Cost Details

SCI-232
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

Performance SRB 09/2008

Assess project status on cost and schedule. 

Project was approved to proceed with 

rebaselining to new launch date of November 

2009 with associated cost increase.

09/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Project Management

All major acquisitions are currently in place. The SDO spacecraft and ground system have been 

designed, developed, and tested in-house at GSFC using a combination of GSFC civil servants and 

local task contractors. The SDO project procurement office sub-contracted for spacecraft subassemblies, components and parts. The ground system components include a dedicated ground 

station antenna/facility and science data distribution system at White Sands, New Mexico, and a 

mission operations center at GSFC. The EVE and HMI science investigations were procured through 

the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) process. NASA acquired the AIA instrument through a solesource contract on an emergency basis after the original provider was unable to demonstrate 

readiness to enter Phase B.

Acquisition Strategy

Mission Operations GSFC GSFC None

Extreme Ultraviolet 

Variability Experiment 

(EVE)

GSFC None None

Atmospheric Imaging 

Assembly (AIA) GSFC None None

Spacecraft design, 

integration, and test GSFC GSFC None

EELV KSC KSC None

Helioseimic and Magnetic 

Imager (HMI) GSFC None None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The spacecraft has been built in-house at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). GSFC is also 

responsible for management, design, integration, test, and operations. The Heliophysics Division 

Director is the responsible official for this project.

SCI-233
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)

Operations in Radiation 

Environment

Mission lifetime and reliability 

may be limited due to the 

severe ionizing radiation 

environment in 

geosynchronous Earth orbit 

(GEO).

Develop and verify requirements for operation that begin at 

the materials and component levels and continue through the 

level of the entire observatory. Liklihood of risk: possible, but 

not likely.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

SCI-234
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

RBSP was recently confirmed to proceed into the development phase, and will now launch in May 

2012. In confirming the project, NASA added 7 months and $52M to the project's schedule and cost 

to ensure the project entered development at a 70% cost and schedule confidence level.

Explanation of Project Changes

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -17.8 6.2 -- 5.2 10.9

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 28.2 20.1 -17.6 14.5 65.0 0.0 -- 0.0 110.2

Formulation 0.0 -38.1 -20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -58.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.1

Changes from FY 2009 

Request

0.0 -9.9 0.0 -17.6 14.5 47.2 6.2 -- 5.2 63.0

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 15.8 -- 0.0 52.8

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 0.6 134.1 154.7 113.4 20.9 0.0 -- 0.0 423.7

Formulation 49.0 77.1 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 146.4

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0

FY 2009 President's 

Budget Request

49.0 77.7 154.4 154.7 113.4 57.9 15.8 -- 0.0 622.9

Operations / Close-out 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 22.0 17.3 5.2 63.7

Development / 

Implementation

0.0 28.8 154.2 137.1 127.9 85.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 533.9

Formulation 49.0 39.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's 

Budget Request

49.0 67.8 154.4 137.1 127.9 105.1 22.0 17.3 5.2 685.8

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority



($ millions) Prior

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 BTC LCC TOTAL

SCI-235
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission will observe the fundamental processes that 

energize and transport radiation particles in Earth's inner magnetosphere (the area in and around the 

Earth's radiation belts). These dynamic processes operate throughout the universe at other planets 

and stars, and they continuously operate within Earth's immediate space environment.







The primary science objective of the RBSP mission is to provide understanding, ideally to the point of 

predictability, of how populations of relativistic electrons and penetrating ions in space form or change 

in response to variable inputs of energy from the Sun. The RBSP mission lifetime will provide 

sufficient local time, altitude, and event coverage to improve our understanding, and determine the 

relative significance of the various mechanisms that operate within the radiation belts. 







RBSP observations will provide new knowledge on the dynamics and extremes of the radiation belts 

that are important to all technological systems that fly in and through geospace. It is also very 

important that we understand the space weather in geospace as we resume human exploration 

because it can impact the many US space assets that play a role in our national security and support 

human exploration.

Project Purpose

The RBSP mission is comprised of two identical spacecraft in elliptical, low-inclination orbits that travel 

independently through Earth's radiation belts to distinguish time and space variations in the measured 

ions, electrons, and fields.

Project Parameters

SCI-236
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

Schedule Commitments

Launch Readiness Review May 2012 N/A May 2012

System Integration Review November 2010 N/A November 2010

Critical Design Review December 2009 N/A December 2009

Begin Implementation January 2009 N/A January 2009

Development

Milestone Name Confirmation 

Baseline

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The RBSP project was authorized to begin formulation in September 2006 when the selections for 

science investigations were announced. It was confirmed to proceed into development on December 

19, 2008. Schedule details are still under development and are subject to change.

Project Commitments

Electric Field and 

Waves Instrument for 

the NASA RBSP 

Mission (EFW)

University of Minnesota Measure the electric fields 

in the radiation belts Same Same

Electric and Magnetic 

Field Instrument Suite 

and Integrated Science 

(EMFISIS)

University of Iowa Measure the magnetic 

fields & plasma waves Same Same

Spacecraft JHU-APL

Operate science 

instruments in high 

radiation; transmit science 

data to ground

Same Same

Proton Spectrometer 

Belt Research (PSBR)

National 

Reconnaissance Office

Measure the inner Van 

Allen belt protons Same Same

Ground System

Primary ground station at 

JHU/APL; instrument 

operation is distributed 

among investigators

Receive science data from 

two spacecraft; distribute to 

archive

Same Same

Radiation Belt Storm 

Probes Ion 

Composition 

Experiment 

(RBSPICE)

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology

Measure the ring current in 

the magnetosphere during 

geomagnetic storms

Same Same

EELV KSC Deliver a spacecraft to 

operational orbit Same Same

Energetic Particle, 

Composition and 

Thermal Plasma Suite 

(ECT)

Boston University

Measure the electron & ion 

spectra & composition to 

understand the electron & 

ion changes

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) project will launch two identical spacecraft in 2012 to begin 

a two-year prime mission.

SCI-237
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

Radiation Belt 

Storm Probes 

(RBSP)

2009 533.9 2009 533.9 0

Launch 

Readiness 5/31/2012 5/31/2012 0

Project Base 

Year

Base Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Current 

Year

Current 

Year 

Develop-



ment Cost 

Estimate 

($M)

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key Milestone

Base Year 

Milestone 

Date

Current 

Year 

Milestone 

Date

Milestone 

Change 

(months)

Other 163.0 163.0 0.0

Science/Technology 3.1 3.1 0.0

Ground System 16.3 16.3 0.0

Launch Vehicle 133.6 133.6 0.0

System I&T 36.9 36.9 0.0

Payload 95.4 95.4 0.0

Spacecraft 85.6 85.6 0.0

Element

Base Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Current Year 

Development Cost 

Estimate ($M)

Delta

Total: 533.9 533.9 0.0

Development Cost and Schedule Summary

Development cost details are still under work by the project and are subject to change.

Development Cost Details

SCI-238
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Development: Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)

Project Management

The RBSP spacecraft and ground system are being designed, developed, and tested at the JHUAPL. The acquisition of sub-contracted spacecraft sub-assemblies, components, and parts is through 

procurement contracts issued by the JHU-APL Procurement Office. Instrument development 

participants include the University of Iowa, University of Minnesota, New Jersey Institute of 

Technology, and Boston University, as well as contributions from the National Reconnaissance Office 

and the Czech Republic. 







The ground system components were defined during the formulation phases (Phases A and B) and 

include a mission operations center at the JHU-APL. 







The Energetic Particle, Composition and Thermal Plasma Suite (ECT), Electric and Magnetic Field 

Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS), Electric Field and Waves Instrument for the 

NASA RBSP Mission (EFW), and Radiation Belt Storm ProbesIons Composition Experiment 

(RBSPICE) science investigations were procured through the Announcement of Opportunity process. 

The Proton Spectrometer Belt Research (PSBR) instrument is being contributed through an 

agreement with the National Reconnaissance Office.

Acquisition Strategy

Expendable Launch 

Vehicle KSC TBD None

Mission Operations APL None None

Spacecraft design, 

integration with instrument, 

and test

APL None None

Instrument Development APL None National Reconnaissance Office

Data Analysis APL None National Reconnaissance Office

Ground Systems APL None None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Performance Senior Review 

Board 10/2008

Preliminary Design Review. Review concluded 

that the RBSP design was sufficiently mature to 

proceed to KDP-C.

12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-239
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Formulation: Solar Probe Plus

Solar Probe Plus will be an extraordinary and historic mission, exploring the Sun's outer atmosphere, 

or corona, as it extends out into space. Approaching as close as 9.5 solar radii, Solar Probe Plus will 

repeatedly sample the near-Sun environment, revolutionizing our knowledge and understanding of 

coronal heating and of the origin and evolution of the solar wind, answering critical questions in 

heliophysics that have been ranked as top priorities for decades. Moreover, by making direct, in-situ 

measurements of the region where some of the most hazardous solar energetic particles are 

energized, Solar Probe Plus will make a fundamental contribution to our ability to characterize and 

forecast the radiation environment in which future space explorers will work and live.







For more information please see Solar Probe project at: 

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/solar_probe.

Project Purpose

The first near-Sun pass occurs three months after launch, at a heliocentric distance of 35 RS (Solar 

Radius). Over the next several years successive Venus gravity assist maneuvers gradually lower the 

spacecraft's near-Sun pass to approximately 9.5 RS, by far the closest any spacecraft has ever come 

to the Sun. With an August 2018 launch, Solar Probe Plus will spend, during its seven year mission, a 

total of 30 hours inside 10 RS, 961 hours inside 20 RS, and 2149 hours inside 30 RS, sampling the 

solar wind as it evolves with rising solar activity toward an increasingly complex structure.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 13.9 0.0 3.4 40.1 74.2 106.3 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 13.9 18.0 4.0 16.6 36.7 57.8 81.3

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

0.0 18.0 0.7 -23.4 -37.6 -48.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-240
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Formulation: Solar Probe Plus

Ground Systems TBD

Receive science data and 

telemetry from spacecraft, 

command spacecraft, 

distribute science data to 

investigator teams

N/A Same

Spacecraft TBD

Transport instruments to 

science destination, 

operate instruments, 

modify orbit including 

several Venus gravity

N/A Same

Instruments NASA-funded 

investigators

Perform in situ 

measurements and remote 

observations of the Sun

N/A Same

EELV KSC Deliver the spacecraft to 

operational orbit N/A Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Solar Probe will launch from KSC on an EELV in 2018, with an expected mission duration of 7 years.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch 08/2018 N/A 08/2018

Confirmation Review 03/2014 N/A 03/2014

Initial Confirmation Review 09/2012 N/A 09/2012

Mission Definition Review 04/2012 N/A 04/2012

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The release of Solar Probe Announcement of Opportunity to solicit science investigations occurs in 

April/May 2009. NASA anticipates announcing selections in the Fall of 2009 and beginning 

formulation then. Phase B will begin in December 2012 following a successful preliminary NonAdvocate Review (PNAR).

SCI-241
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Living with a Star

Project In Formulation: Solar Probe Plus

Project Management

A Solar Probe Announcement of Opportunity will be used to acquire the science investigations. The 

acquisition strategy for the spacecraft itself will be determined later in 2009. The spacecraft subassemblies, components, and parts will be procured by JHU-APL. The ground system components 

will be defined during formulation and will be determined by the implementing organization for the 

project. The Phase E contracts will be managed by GSFC.

Acquisition Strategy

Mission Operations GSFC GSFC None

Spacecraft TBD TBD None

EELV GSFC KSC None

Instrument GSFC TBD None

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) will lead the implementation of the 

project. GSFC is responsible for oversight and science management including data analysis during 

opeations.

Performance SRB N/A Assess project readiness to proceed to Phase 

B. 07/2012

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-242
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

The primary goal of the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Program is to explore the connection between 

the Sun and the solar system. To accomplish this goal, STP investigations focus on specific scientific 

areas that will help us understand how plasma behaves in the space between the Sun and Earth. 

STP missions address processes such as the variability of the Sun, the responses of the planets to 

these variations, and the interaction of the Sun and solar system. STP missions are strategically 

defined and investigations are competitively selected. Strategic mission lines afford the space physics 

community the opportunity to plan specific missions to address important research focus areas and 

thus make significant progress in elucidating the fundamental processes of Heliophysics. 







For more information please see Solar Terrestrial Probes Program at: http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/.

Program Overview

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

32.7 28.5 21.5 22.0 23.9 24.1 --

Magnetospheric Multiscale 

(MMS)

73.2 94.6 116.0 149.3 148.8 137.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

105.9 123.1 137.5 171.4 172.6 161.5 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

28.8 28.5 24.4 19.8 21.8 23.3 20.5

Magnetospheric Multiscale 

(MMS)

43.1 94.6 118.6 149.3 148.8 137.5 143.8

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

71.9 123.1 143.0 169.1 170.6 160.8 164.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request -34.0 0.0 5.5 -2.2 -2.0 -0.7 --

Note: Extended operations budgets increased for STEREO and Hinode missions. MMS budget increased to accommodate 

higher than expected launch vehicle costs.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission will complete its mission Critical Design Review (CDR). The 

Hinode Mission will complete its mission success criteria. The STEREO mission will commence joint 

observations with SDO.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-243
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO): Launched on October 25, 2006, STEREO is 

now an operating mission employing two nearly identical observatories to provide three-dimensional 

measurements of the Sun to study the nature of coronal mass ejections. These powerful eruptions 

are a major source of the magnetic disruptions on Earth and a key component of space weather, 

which can greatly affect satellite operations, communications, power systems, the lives of humans in 

space, and global climate. 







Solar B (Hinode): Hinode launched on September 22, 2006, from Japan's Uchinoura Space Center 

to begin its three-year mission to explore the magnetic fields of the Sun. NASA developed three 

science instrument components: the Focal Plane Package (FPP), the X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and 

the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and provides operations support for science 

planning and instrument command generation activities. A follow-on to the highly successful 

Japan/US/UK Yohkoh (Solar-A) satellite that operated between 1991 and 2001, Hinode consists of a 

coordinated set of optical, Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV), and X-ray instruments that will investigate the 

interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and its corona. The result will be an improved 

understanding of the mechanisms that power the solar atmosphere and drive solar eruptions.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

MMS is a four-spacecraft mission planned for launch no earlier than 2014 with a two-year mission 

life. MMS is designed to study magnetic reconnection in key boundary regions of the Earth's 

magnetosphere. Reconnection is a fundamental process that occurs throughout the universe, by 

which magnetic energy is converted into heat, radiation, and particle acceleration. The best 

laboratory for understanding this process is the Earth's magnetosphere, where reconnection between 

the Earth's and Sun's magnetic fields powers magnetic storms and substorms on our planet, 

otherwise known as "space weather." The spacecraft will probe the regions of geospace most critical 

to measuring reconnection. Additional detail can be found in the Magnetospheric Multiscale Project 

section of this document.

Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)

SCI-244
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Performance IPAO 02/2009 Overall assessment of life cycle cost, schedule 

and deliverables of the STP Program. Review 

board concluded that these programs have met 

their success criteria and should continue in 

accordance with their existing plans.

02/2011

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Solar-B (Hinode) Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-00

Nov-06

Nov-06

Nov-13

Nov-14

Form Dec-98 Nov-00

STEREO Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-02

Jan-07

Jan-07

Feb-13

Feb-14

Form May-01 Mar-02

Magnetospheric 

Multiscale (MMS)

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-09

Oct-14

Oct-14

Dec-17

Form May-02 Apr-09

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Development (Dev)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

STP missions are strategically defined and investigations are competitively selected. The STP uses 

full and open competitions to the greatest extent possible for the acquisition of scientific instruments, 

spacecraft, and science investigations, including research and analysis. 



The MMS spacecraft and Mission Operations Center will be in-house builds at GSFC. The 

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) is the single MMS instrument suite contractor, selected through 

a full and open competition. All instruments are developed by the SwRI team which includes SwRI, 

their subcontractors, their international partners, and the GSFC Fast Plasma Instrument.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

Solar B (Hinode) MSFC MSFC JAXA

STEREO GSFC None United Kingdom

MMS GSFC GSFC Austria, Sweden, France

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Program management responsibility for the STP Program is assigned to the Goddard Space Flight 

Center (GSFC).

SCI-245
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Formulation: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)

The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Project will use four identically instrumented spacecraft to 

perform the first definitive study of magnetic reconnection in space. Reconnection occurs in all 

astrophysical plasma systems but can be studied efficiently only in the Earth's magnetosphere. It is 

thought to be of great importance for energy transfer throughout the universe and is an efficient and 

fast acceleration mechanism. Reconnection is the primary process by which energy is transferred 

from the solar wind to Earth's magnetosphere and is the critical physical process determining the size 

of a space weather geomagnetic storm. MMS will determine why magnetic reconnection occurs, 

where it occurs, how it varies, how magnetic energy is coupled into heat and particle kinetic energy, 

and how this energy is coupled into the surrounding plasma. 







MMS results will be needed as soon as possible as a basis for the predictive models of space weather 

needed to undertake heliospheric weather prediction in support of Exploration. Magnetic reconnection 

is a primary source of energy release and particle acceleration in plasmas. No mission has ever been 

properly instrumented and configured to measure the small-scale features of reconnection in space. 

For more information see: http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions/mms/mms.htm.

Project Purpose

The MMS instrument payload will measure electric and magnetic fields and plasmas within the smallscale diffusion regions where magnetic reconnection occurs. High temporal and spatial resolution 

measurements will permit direct observation of the microphysical processes that allow it to proceed. 

The four spacecraft and instrument suites have identical design requirements. A two-phase, lowinclination orbit will probe both the dayside magnetopause and the nightside magnetotail neutral sheet 

where reconnection is known to frequently occur. The primary target of Phase 1 is the dayside 

magnetopause reconnection region. Phase 2 will focus on the near-Earth neutral line in the 

magnetotail. The four spacecraft will fly in a tetrahedron formation and the separation between the 

observatories will be adjustable over a range of 10 to 400 kilometers during science operations and 

within the area of interest. The mission design life is two years after spacecraft checkout and full 

commissioning of the instruments.

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 73.2 94.6 116.0 149.3 148.8 137.5 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 43.1 94.6 118.6 149.3 148.8 137.5 143.8

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

-30.1 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-246
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Formulation: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)

Fast Plasma 

Investigation GSFC

Provide plasma wave 

measurements (electric 

vector to 100 KHz).

Same Same

Electric Field 

Instruments

Southwest Research 

Institute

Provide measurements of 

electric fields (time 

resolution 1 ms) and 

magnetic fields (time 

resolution 10 ms)

Same Same

Hot Plasma 

Composition Analyzers

Southwest Research 

Institute

Three-dimensional 

measurements of hot 

plasma composition (time 

resolution 10s).

Same Same

Energetic Particle 

Detectors JHU/APL

Provide high-resolution 

measurement of energetic 

particles

Same Same

Science Operations 

Center LASP Science data to the community and archive Same Same

Spacecraft GSFC

Deliver high-rate data from 

instruments to ground 

station with a high accuracy 

for 2 years

Same Same

Launch Vehicle KSC

Deliver ~4,000-kg payload 

consisting of 4 

observatories to a highly 

elliptical Earth orbit

Same Same

Ground Systems GSFC

Provide during operations 

minimum science data 

payback of ~4 Gbits of data 

per observatory each day.

Same Same

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

NASA plans to launch four identically-instrumented spacecraft on an Evolved Expendable Launch 

Vehicle (EELV) into a highly elliptical Earth orbit in October 2014 and begin two years of scientific 

measurements that will enable an understanding of fundamental plasma physics processes 

associated with magnetic reconnection.

Estimated Project Deliverables

SCI-247
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Formulation: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)

Estimated Project Schedule

Launch October 2014 Same Same

Confirmation Review April 2009 April 2009 June 2009

Initial Confirmation Review November 2007 Same Same

Mission Definition Review September 2007 Same Same

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) began formulation in 2002 and the project's Initial Confirmation 

Review was held in November 2007 and approved. The Non-Advocate and Confirmation Reviews are 

planned for 2009.

Project Management

The MMS spacecraft is being designed, developed, and tested in-house at GSFC using a 

combination of GSFC civil servants and local support service contractors. The acquisition of 

subcontracted spacecraft sub-assemblies, components, and parts is through procurement contracts 

issued by the MMS Procurement office. Instrument development activities are under contract with the 

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). Instrument development subcontracts include Lockheed 

Martin, JAXA/MEISEI, University of New Hampshire, Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics 

Laboratory, Aerospace Corporation, and a team at GSFC. The Mission Operations Center and the 

Flight Dynamics Operations Area will be developed and operated at GSFC using a combination of 

GSFC civil servants and local support service contractors. The Science Operations Center for the 

Instruments will be developed and operated at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at 

the University of Colorado and is under contract to SwRI.

Acquisition Strategy

Science Operations GSFC, LASP None None

Mission Operations GSFC GSFC None

Four Spacecraft GSFC GSFC None

Launch Vehicle KSC KSC None

Four Instrument Suites GSFC, Southwest Research 

Institute GSFC

Austrian Space Agency, 

Sweden (SNSB), France 

(CNES), and Japan (JAXA)

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has program management responsibility for the Solar 

Terrestrial Probes Program and Project Management responsibility for the MMS project.

SCI-248
Mission Directorate: Science

Theme: Heliophysics

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Formulation: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)

Performance IPAO 09/2007 To assess MMS readiness to proceed into 

Phase B. MMS was approved to enter Phase B. 05/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SCI-249
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-250
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

61.0 41.3 66.8 125.1 156.0 160.1 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

61.0 41.3 66.8 125.1 156.0 160.1 --

Other Missions and Data 

Analysis

47.9 30.9 68.9 109.1 147.2 154.6 166.5

GOLD 0.3 0.5 0.5 10.6 10.9 6.7 0.9

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

48.1 31.4 69.4 119.7 158.1 161.3 167.4

Changes from FY 2009 Request -12.9 -9.9 2.6 -5.4 2.1 1.2 --

Note: FY 2010 President's Budget Request is overstated by $9.9M due to the transfer of Astro-H from Heliophysics Explorer to 

Astrophysics Explorer Program in FY 2010.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SCI-251
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

The Heliophysics Explorer Program provides frequent flight opportunities for world-class astrophysics 

and space physics investigations using innovative and streamlined management approaches for 

spacecraft development and operations. 







Explorer missions are highly responsive to new knowledge, new technology, and updated scientific 

priorities by launching smaller missions that can be conceived and executed in a relatively short 

development cycle. Priorities are based on an open competition of concepts solicited from the 

scientific community. The program also enables participation in missions of opportunity provided by 

other U.S. or international agencies. The program emphasizes missions that can be accomplished 

under the control of the scientific research community within constrained mission life-cycle costs. The 

program also seeks to enhance public awareness of space science by incorporating educational and 

public outreach activities into each mission. 







All investigations are competitively selected. Full missions can either be Medium-Class Explorers 

(MIDEX) or Small Explorers (SMEX). Mission of Opportunity (MO) space science investigations are 

typically instruments flown as part of a non-NASA space mission. MOs are conducted on a noexchange-of-funds basis with the organization sponsoring the mission. 







Following the commissioning and checkout phase of the spacecraft, HQ management responsibility 

for the operational phase transitions to the Heliophysics Research Program. While the Research 

Program assumes management responsibilities, funds for operating missions is provided by the 

Explorer Program.







The Heliophysics Explorer Program is currently conducting a SMEX Announcement of Opportunity 

(AO) selection competition and expects to select 2 missions to proceed into full development during 

2009. The Explorer Program is also considering selecting a second MO during 2009. One MO was 

previously selected under the same SMEX AO competition: the High-Resolution Soft X-Ray 

Spectrometer (SXS). SXS is an instrument that will fly on board the ASTRO-H X-ray observation 

satellite under development by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The SXS 

investigation is an Astrophysics mission and its budget and management responsibility have been 

transferred to the Astrophysics Division. 







The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) launched in October 2008 is now operating. The Coupled 

Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI), and Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom 

Spectrometers B (TWINS-B) instruments also launched in 2008 and are conducting prime science 

operations. Two Explorer missions are currently in development in the Astrophysics Division: the 

Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array 

(NuSTAR). Details and the associated budget can be found in the Astrophysics section of this 

document.







For more information, please see Explorer Program at http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions.html

Program Overview

SCI-252
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

The newly selected SMEX missions will progress towards their development phase. The THEMIS 

and IBEX missions will complete their mission success criteria. THEMIS will continue to provide 

scientists with important details on how the planet's magnetosphere works and the important SunEarth connection. IBEX will continue its primary science mission of mapping the heliosphere and 

uncovering the global interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium, producing its 

first all-sky map in 2010. TWINS-B and CINDI will both enter their second year on orbit. AIM will 

complete its primary mission to study Polar Mesospheric Clouds.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-253
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

GOLD is a recently selected mission of opportunity, implemented by Principal Investigator at the 

University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. GOLD will increase our understanding of the temperature 

and composition in the ionosphere, and provide understanding of the global scale response of the 

Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere. GOLD was conditionally selected under the most recent 

Explorer AO, and will be reviewed in 2009 to determine if it will continue into development.







GOLD will advance the general current scientific understanding of Thermosphere-Ionosphere forcing 

by providing neutral densities and temperatures in the thermosphere as well as densities in the 

nighttime ionosphere. GOLD will provide the first large-scale "snapshot" of temperature that can be 

compared with a simultaneous "snapshot" of composition changes to understand how these two 

major parameters simultaneously react to this these various forcing mechanisms. The relationship 

between universal time, local time and longitudinal changes in these key parameters can be 

unambiguously separated by the GOLD observations to enable us to address these interactions.

Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD)

SCI-254
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

Aeronomy of Ice in Mesophere (AIM): The primary objective of the AIM mission is to understand why 

polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) form and why they vary. AIM will also determine the causes of 

Earth's highest-altitude clouds, which form in the coldest part of the atmosphere about 50 miles 

above the polar regions every summer. AIM launched on April 25, 2007, on board a Pegasus XL 

from Vanderberg Air Force Base. Hampton University will maintain operations for two years. This 

mission is supplying spectacular data which is leading to new science discoveries.







Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI): CINDI is a NASA-sponsored Mission of 

Opportunity (MO) conducted by the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD). CINDI will discover the role 

of ion-neutral interactions in the generation of small- and large-scale electric fields in Earth's upper 

atmosphere. In addition, the CINDI instruments will provide measurements of the three-dimensional 

neutral winds and ion drifts. CINDI will operate for at least two years. This mission launched April 16, 

2008, aboard the Air Force Research Laboratory's Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast 

System (C/NOFS) spacecraft. Early discoveries have been reported at the American Geophysical 

Union 2008 Fall Meeting.







Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX): IBEX will allow the first glimpse into the edge of the solar 

system, where the solar wind interacts with winds from other stars. This region is a breeding ground 

for anomalous cosmic rays that form a component of energetic particles from beyond the solar 

system that pose health and safety hazards for humans exploring beyond Earth's orbit. As the solar 

wind from the Sun flows out beyond Pluto, it collides with the material between the stars, forming a 

shock front. IBEX contains two neutral atom imagers that are designed to detect particles from the so

-called termination shock at the boundary between the solar system and interstellar space. IBEX will 

make these observations from an elliptical Earth orbit that takes it beyond the interference of Earth's 

magnetosphere. IBEX launched on October 5, 2008, on a Pegasus XL from Kwajalein. Southwest 

Research Institute will maintain operations for two years.







Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS): THEMIS has 

provided breakthroughs in our understanding of the onset and evolution of magnetospheric 

substorms. NASA's THEMIS mission uses five identical micro-spacecraft (probes) to answer the 

fundamental questions regarding magnetospheric substorm instability, a dominant mechanism of 

transport and explosive release of solar wind energy within geospace. In addition to addressing its 

primary objective, THEMIS answers critical questions in radiation belt physics and solar windmagnetosphere energy coupling. THEMIS is a Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX) mission that 

launched on February 17, 2007, from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on board a Delta II rocket. The 

University of California, Berkeley maintains operations of the five satellites.







Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS-B): TWINS-B will provide the second 

half of the stereo imaging capability of Earth's magnetosphere in conjunction with the TWINS-A 

mission. The region surrounding the planet is controlled by its magnetic field and contains the Van 

Allen radiation belts and other energetic charged particles. TWINS-B will enable three-dimensional 

global visualization of this region, which will lead to a greatly enhanced understanding of the 

connections between different regions of the magnetosphere and their relation to the solar wind. 

TWINS-B was launched as a NASA-sponsored Mission of Opportunity in February 2008.







Explorer Future Missions: This project holds funding to be used for all future Explorer mission 

selections. Once a mission is selected, funding is moved into a new project.

Other Missions and Data Analysis

SCI-255
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

Select up to two new SMEX missions (SMEX-12 

and -13) from the most recent Announcement of 

Opportunity

Explorer Future Mission None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

GOLD GSFC None N/A

CINDI GSFC None DoD

TWINS-B GSFC None DoD

THEMIS GSFC None N/A

AIM GSFC None N/A

IBEX GSFC GSFC N/A

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has Program Management responsibility for all Heliophysics 

Explorer Programs.

TWINS-B Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-99

Feb-08

Feb-08

Feb-10

Form

CINDI Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Nov-01

Apr-08

Apr-08

Apr-10

Form Sep-00 Nov-01

THEMIS Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-04

Aug-07

Aug-07

Aug-13

Aug-14

Form Oct-02 Apr-04

IBEX Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Mar-06

Oct-08

Oct-08

Oct-10

Form Jan-05 Mar-06

AIM Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-04

May-07

May-07

May-13

May-14

Form Jul-02 Apr-04

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Operations (Ops)

Research (Res)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SCI-256
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: Heliophysics Explorer Program

Performance Space 

Science 

Support Office

03/2008 Review and evaluate Small Explorers (SMEX) 

Announcements of Opportunity proposals for 

selection. Review will provide written evaluation 

for selection of two full SMEX missions and has 

already supported the selection of a Mission of 

Opportunity, the High-Resolution Soft X-Ray 

Spectrometer (SXS).

04/2009

Performance IPAO 02/2009 Overall assessment of life cycle cost, schedule 

and deliverables of the Explorer Program. 

Review board concluded that these programs 

have met their success criteria and should 

continue in accordance with their existing plans.

02/2011

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

The Heliophysics Explorer Program has established an acquisition strategy that contracts for the 

whole mission (concept through delivery of science data and analysis), with emphasis on 

performance incentives and a cost cap for each mission. 







Investigations are selected through the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) process, where multiple 

investigations are selected competitively for initial concept studies with a competitive down-select to 

proceed to the next stage of formulation. The investigations are selected to proceed from one phase 

to the next through execution of contract options, based on successful technical, cost, and schedule 

performance in the previous phases. 







The following awards have been made for development and mission operations: 







IBEX: Orbital Science Corporation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Advance 

Technology Center, Southwest Research Institute (mission operations).

Acquisition Strategy

SCI-257
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SCI-258
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: New Millennium

The New Millennium Program (NMP) is a technology flight validation program designed to mature key 

emerging and breakthrough technologies that will enable future NASA science missions. The 

objective of the program is to accelerate the incorporation of new technologies into future NASA 

science missions by conducting in-space validation and testing. The NMP allows NASA to conduct 

technology maturation and validation activities in low cost projects, rather than during science mission 

development of larger, more expensive missions.







The NMP is being phased out and all current activities will be finished by FY 2012. A small amount of 

funding remains to cover closeout costs. 







For more information, please see: http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov.

Program Overview

New Millennium 25.8 4.3 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

25.8 4.3 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 --

New Millennium 15.0 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

15.0 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request -10.8 -1.6 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Space Technology 7's Disturbance Reduction System (DRS) incorporates enhanced micro-Newton 

thruster technology, which works with enhanced sensor technology provided by the European Space 

Agency. Together, these technologies will demonstrate precision spacecraft control, validating 

position-measurement of objects in weightlessness with 100-times greater accuracy than ever 

before.

New Millennium

Space Technology 7 micro-valve assembly will be launched on an European Space Agency (ESA) 

spacecraft. Program closeout activities will continue.

Plans For FY 2010

SCI-259
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Science

Heliophysics

Program: New Millennium

Performance IPAO 01/2007 Program Implementation Review. Results were 

reported to the Agency PMC on 9/12/2007. 

Review concluded that there should be more 

emphasis on technology infusion.

N/A

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Space Technology 7 Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Apr-01 Apr-03

Jul-03

Jan-10

Jan-10

Jan-11

Form Apr-03 Jul-03

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

No further acquisitions are planned.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

Space Technology 7 JPL JPL European Space Agency and Busek 

Corporation

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The New Millennium Program is managed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

SCI-260
Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

NASA research continues to contribute directly to aeronautics breakthroughs. As the Agency's lead organization 

for aeronautics research, NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) oversees cutting-edge 

research whose goal is to generate the innovative concepts, tools and technologies that will enable revolutionary 

advances in future aircraft, as well as to the airspace in which they will fly. NASA has put together a robust 

research portfolio that addresses these advances and the challenges facing our Nation as it transforms its air 

transportation system to meet growing capacity needs. In addition, the portfolio ensures aeronautics research 

and critical core competencies will continue to play a vital role in supporting NASA's human and robotic space 

exploration activities. 







Growth in the air transportation system is vital to the well being of our Nation. In the United States, 151 domestic 

airlines fly 8,100 aircraft; annual operating revenue for commercial flight stands at $164 billion. Twenty-five 

percent of U.S.-based company sales depend on air transportation, while the aviation industry directly or 

indirectly accounts for 634,500 American jobs.







Nevertheless, current needs exceed the limited solutions that aviation currently offers, requiring dramatic 

improvements in safety, capacity, environmental compatibility, robustness and freedom of mobility throughout the 

global airspace. In the next two decades, we must develop advances that improve aircraft and system efficiency, 

reduce aviation's impact on the environment and allow more people to utilize air travel in ways that are more 

significant than all the gains realized over the last three decades.







Each of NASA's five programs, Aviation Safety, Airspace Systems, Fundamental Aeronautics, Aeronautics Test, 

and Integrated Systems Research uniquely address specific aeronautical-research needs while taking an 

integrated approach in addressing critical long term challenges. By continuing to expand the boundaries of 

aeronautical knowledge for the benefit of the Nation as well as NASA's partners in academia, industry and other 

government agencies, NASA's programs are also helping to foster a collaborative research environment in which 

ideas and knowledge are exchanged across all communities. 







NASA Aeronautics is now in full execution of a robust fundamental research program that is well aligned with the 

principles, goals and objectives of the National Aeronautics Research and Development (R&D) Policy and 

directly supports the development of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). NASA's 

commitment to technical excellence and strong partnerships will ensure our continued focus on those challenges 

needed to support the needs of the Nation's air transportation system and the Agency's space exploration 

mission.

Overview

Aeronautics 511.7 446.5 447.5 452.4 456.7 467.7 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

511.7 446.5 447.5 452.4 456.7 467.7 --

Aeronautics 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

-0.3 203.5 59.5 61.6 64.3 61.3 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-1
Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

Major Changes:

In response to several external mandates and recommendations and based on NASA's own assessment, 

NASA is initiating a program of integrated, system-level focused activities. The intent of this program is to 

accelerate the transition of key Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) research and 

development (R&D) results to industry and government, and to expand development of key testbeds to 

enable testing of integrated, system-level capabilities. In addition, these activities will inform future 

foundational research by exposing key technology challenges. The focus of the Integrated Systems 

Research Program will initially be the development of new vehicle concepts and enabling technologies that 

will simultaneously reduce fuel burn, noise and emissions. As future opportunities for systems-level research 

arise, new systems-level research projects will be added to the Integrated Systems Research Program. The 

Integrated Systems Research Program will begin in FY 2010 at a funding level of $62.4 million.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

Aeronautics research into planetary entry, descent and landing (EDL) has been conducted within the 

Supersonics and Hypersonics projects of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. In practice, EDL is an 

integral part of any space mission and is not divided into distinct hypersonics and supersonics phases. All 

EDL technology research and development is now combined in the Hypersonics project. This change will 

provide more focus to technical developments and will also yield technical management efficiencies. 







Some of the technologies to be matured within the ISRP project will be drawn from the fundamental 

technologies within the Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) project of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. With 

this work transfer the SFW project is streamlining its research content, and this is enabling new efficiencies 

across the foundational disciplines remaining in the project. Therefore we are transferring funds from SFW 

to the Airspace Systems Program in order to accelerate the development of new airspace management 

concepts. Details of these new activities are included in the Airspace Systems Program section.







The Airspace Systems Program has been reorganized from the NextGen Airspace and NextGen Airportal 

projects into the NextGen Concepts and Technology Development project and the NextGen Systems 

Analysis, Integration and Evaluation project. The previously planned work on airspace concepts, 

technologies and systems will continue, but the project structure is now better aligned to the nature of the 

work being performed.







To enable more efficient tracking and management of the headquarters operations, ARMD is consolidating 

headquarter's activities currently in the Airspace Systems Program, the Aeronautics Test Program and the 

Aviation Safety Program into the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. There is no programmatic budget 

impact to the programs. This results in an increase in the Fundamental Aeronautics Program budget and a 

corresponding decrease in the other three programs.

New Initiatives:

Aeronautics

Plans for FY 2010

Aeronautics Research

AERO-2
Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

In FY2010, the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate will continue its commitment to conducting longterm cutting edge research for the benefit of the broad aeronautics community. Each of the five programs 

within ARMD will play a significant role in FY2010 in addressing the challenge of meeting the growing 

capacity needs of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) as well as contributing to the 

R&D challenges in aviation safety, promising new flight regimes, and aviation environmental impacts. 

Specifically,



 



- The Aviation Safety Program will take a proactive approach to safety challenges with new and current 

vehicles and with operations in the Nation's current and future air transportation system. In addition, the 

Program is initiating an effort to examine key challenges in verifying and validating flight critical software 

systems.







- The Airspace Systems Program will develop and enable future concepts, capabilities, and technologies that 

will enable major increases in air traffic management effectiveness, flexibility, and efficiency, while 

maintaining safety, to meet capacity and mobility requirements of the NextGen.







- The Fundamental Aeronautics Program will continue to develop prediction and analysis tools for reduced 

uncertainty in design process and advanced multidisciplinary design and analysis capability to guide our 

research and technology investments and realize integrated technology advances in future aircraft.







- The Aeronautics Test Program will ensure the strategic availability, accessibility, and capability of a critical 

suite of aeronautics ground test facilities and flight operations assets necessary to meet Agency and National 

aeronautics needs.







- The Integrated Systems Research Program's initial effort will take an integrated system-level approach to 

reduce the environmental impact of aviation (in terms of noise, local and global emissions, and local air 

quality) in the area of air vehicle technologies.

AERO-3
Theme: Aeronautics

Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics Test Program 75.1 73.9 75.8 78.0 78.2 78.2 --

Fundamental Aeronautics 269.9 235.4 233.2 235.2 238.6 244.6 --

Airspace Systems 100.1 74.6 72.7 74.2 75.4 78.4 --

Aviation Safety 66.5 62.6 65.9 65.0 64.5 66.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 511.7 446.5 447.5 452.4 456.7 467.7 --

Integrated Systems Research 0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 60.5

Aeronautics Test Program 75.1 131.6 74.7 77.1 77.2 76.6 78.7

Fundamental Aeronautics 269.6 307.6 228.4 230.0 233.6 239.0 245.9

Airspace Systems 100.1 121.5 81.4 82.9 83.9 87.2 88.3

Aviation Safety 66.5 89.3 60.1 59.6 59.2 61.7 62.5

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 511.4 650.0 507.0 514.0 521.0 529.0 536.0

Total Change from FY 2009 Request -0.3 203.5 59.5 61.6 64.3 61.3 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Theme Overview

AERO-4
Theme: Aeronautics

Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

ARMD's focus on long-term, cutting-edge research that expands the boundaries of aeronautical 

knowledge for the benefit of the broad aeronautics community directly supports NASA's mission to 

pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research. NASA's 

fundamental aeronautics research will have far-reaching effects on both civilian aviation and space 

exploration. ARMD's work supports Sub-goal 3E, "Advance knowledge in the fundamental disciplines 

of aeronautics, and develop technologies for safer aircraft and higher capacity airspace systems." 

Within this subgoal, each program within ARMD supports an associated outcome:



- The Aviation Safety Program supports Outcome 3E.1, "By 2016 identify and develop tools, methods, 

and technologies for improving overall aircraft safety of new and legacy vehicles operating in the Next 

Generation Air Transportation System (projected for the year 2025).";



- The Airspace Systems Program supports Outcome 3E.2, "By 2016, develop and demonstrate future 

concepts, capabilities, and technologies that will enable major increases in air traffic management 

effectiveness, flexibility, and efficiency, while maintaining safety, to meet capacity and mobility 

requirements of the Next Generation Air Transportation System.";



- The Fundamental Aeronautics Program supports Outcome 3E.3, "By 2016, develop multidisciplinary 

analysis and design tools and new technologies, enabling better vehicle performance (e.g., efficiency, 

environmental, civil competitiveness, productivity, and reliability) in multiple flight regimes and within a 

variety of transportation system architectures."; 



- The Aeronautics Test Program supports Outcome 3E.4, "Ensure the continuous availability of a 

portfolio of NASA-owned wind tunnels/ground test facilities, which are strategically important to 

meeting national aerospace program goals and requirements."; and



- The Integrated Systems Research Program supports Outcome 3E.5, "For vehicle and propulsion 

technologies that simultaneously reduce fuel burn, noise, and emissions, by 2016 develop a wellinformed trade space, document performance potential, and identify technical risks to a level that 

enables incorporation of the technologies into the design of new aircraft". Additionally, there are 13 

Annual Performance Goals (APGs) linked to these five outcomes. See the performance section of 

this document for additional details.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) National Science and Technology Council 

(NSTC) Committee on Technology chartered an Aeronautics Science and Technology (AS&T) 

Subcommittee in September 2005. NASA's Associate Administrator for ARMD is a co-chair of the 

Subcommittee, which drafted the Nation's first Aeronautics Research and Development Policy, 

released by the White House in December 2006. The policy establishes a set of U.S. aeronautics 

research objectives, defines the appropriate role of the federal government in aeronautics research 

and development (R&D), defines the roles and responsibilities of the various departments and 

agencies in aeronautics R&D, addresses R&D test and evaluation infrastructure, and addresses the 

coordination of aeronautics research across the federal government. NASA's ARMD efforts are 

aligned with this policy. 







ARMD's research portfolio also aligns very well with the recommendations of the 2006 National 

Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey. All five of the Common Themes identified in the Decadal 

Survey are present across ARMD's research programs, and 47 of the 51 Technical Challenges are 

also well represented in the portfolio. A detailed response to the survey was documented in a Report 

to Congress submitted in August 2007. 







Finally, in December 2007, the President approved the first National Aeronautics R&D Plan. ARMD's 

research portfolio is closely aligned with this plan.

AERO-5
Theme: Aeronautics

Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

NASA's aeronautics program ensures long-term focus in fundamental research in both traditional 

aeronautical disciplines and relevant emerging fields for integration into multidisciplinary system-level 

capabilities for broad application. This approach will enable revolutionary change to both the airspace 

system and the aircraft that fly within it, leading to a safer, more environmentally friendly, and more 

efficient national air transportation system. Furthermore, ARMD will disseminate all of its research 

results to the widest practicable extent. 







ARMD uses the NASA Research Announcement (NRA) process to foster collaborative research 

partnerships with the academic and private sector communities. The NRA process encourages 

awardees to spend time at NASA centers in order to enhance the exchange of ideas and expand the 

learning experience for everyone involved. Furthermore, ARMD has focused its educational activities 

to better attract the Nation's best and brightest students to aeronautics. These activities include 

design competitions and the establishment of graduate and undergraduate scholarships and 

internships.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

AERO-6
Theme: Aeronautics

Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

Each ARMD program made significant contributions to the advancement of aeronautics research in FY 

2008.







A series of human-in-the-loop experiments that explored advanced concepts and technology for 

separation assurance was conducted by NASA researchers in the Airspace Systems Program in 

concert with San Jose State University and the Federal Aeronautics Administration. Such technology 

is critical to relieving air-traffic controller workload, the primary constraint on airspace capacity. At 

Indianapolis Center, studies examined the performance of six controllers, 20 pilots and separationassurance automation in the face of nominal and dramatically increased traffic demand. Varying levels 

of automation support were provided to the controllers and pilots, including automated conflict 

detection, automated strategic conflict resolution and automated tactical conflict resolution. The test 

scenarios included routine operations and off-nominal conditions. 







Within the Aviation Safety Program, the Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control project successfully 

designed and implemented two improved adaptive control architectures, known as Gen2A and Gen2B, 

addressing stability-improvement implementation barriers identified from analysis of aircraft flight tests 

of an initial direct adaptive control scheme. Both systems have been extensively tested in a highfidelity, nonlinear piloted simulation and have been cleared through the airworthiness review board. 

Flight evaluation of the stability and performance characteristics of both designs continues.







NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program, in partnership with AFRL, Boeing, and Northrop 

Grumman, successfully completed testing of several promising powered-lift concepts, which included 

blowing on and active flow control of flaps, as well as increasing lifting force on an aircraft at slow 

speeds, such as during takeoff and landing, without increasing drag under cruise conditions. Lift 

performance was verified in wind tunnel tests at NASA's Langley Research Center, and flow fields 

characterized to validate computational fluid dynamics tools. Successful deployment of powered-lift 

concepts will enable short take-off and landings on 3,000-foot runways, increasing capacity through 

the use of shorter fields and improved low-speed maneuverability in the terminal area.







In 2008, NASA's Aeronautics Test Program (ATP) exceeded its goal of substantially reducing NASA's 

deferred-maintenance liability for ground test facilities through an ambitious investment project. ATP 

also commissioned a comprehensive, independent facility condition assessment of its ground test 

facilities and related infrastructure. Findings and recommendations will be factored into a new program 

management strategy under development.







For more information, see Sub-goal 3E in the FY 2008 Annual Performance Report at 

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/301836main_291255main_NASA_FY08_Performance_and_Accountability_R

eport.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

AERO-7
Theme: Aeronautics

Mission Directorate: Aeronautics Research

Relevance Expert 10/2008 An independent assessment of NASA's 

aeronautics research portfolio was performed by 

the National Research Council (NRC) to 

determine how NASA is addressing the 

research challenges and requirements identified 

in the NRC Decadal Survey Of Civil 

Aeronautics. Their recommendations and 

findings are detailed in the final report, titled 

"NASA Aeronautics Research: An Assessment", 

which was released in mid 2008.

N/A

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AERO-8
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

Integrated Intelligent Flight 

Deck Technologies

19.3 15.2 16.3 16.0 15.7 16.1 --

Integrated Resilient Aircraft 

Control

15.3 17.1 18.5 19.0 18.2 18.8 --

Aircraft Aging and Durability 10.0 10.6 11.3 11.2 12.0 12.4 --

Integrated Vehicle Health 

Management

22.0 19.7 19.9 18.8 18.6 19.2 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

66.5 62.6 65.9 65.0 64.5 66.5 --

Integrated Intelligent Flight 

Deck Technologies

14.1 16.3 12.5 13.3 11.6 12.6 13.4

Integrated Resilient Aircraft 

Control

21.8 37.3 16.4 17.0 17.6 18.2 18.2

Aircraft Aging and Durability 9.1 13.4 11.4 11.2 11.7 12.1 12.1

Integrated Vehicle Health 

Management

21.5 22.2 19.8 18.2 18.3 18.9 18.9

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

66.5 89.3 60.1 59.6 59.2 61.7 62.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 26.7 -5.8 -5.4 -5.3 -4.8 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-9
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

By 2025, air traffic within American airspace may double or triple. Radical innovation will be required 

to meet such demand. The goal of the NextGen is to make passage through increasingly crowded 

skies efficient and speedy while maintaining or increasing safety. NextGen will achieve its mandates 

with state-of-the-art networking technology, continually updating its data and sharing that information 

with pilots and controllers. Aircraft will be able to immediately adjust to changing factors such as 

weather, traffic congestion, the position of other aircraft, flight trajectories and any terrestrial or 

airborne security concerns. 







NASA's Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) helps to realize NextGen's full potential by examining 

concerns to further reduce risk in any complex, dynamic operating domain. AvSP's contribution 

ranges from providing fundamental research in known safety concerns, to working with partners to 

address the challenges created as we transition to NextGen, where we expect significant increases in 

air traffic, introduction of new vehicle concepts, continued operation of legacy vehicles, increased 

reliance on automation, and increased operating complexity.







Four AvSP projects are looking at hardware and software systems that will operate in the NextGen. 

The projects seek to provide increasing capabilities to predict and prevent safety issues, to monitor 

for safety issues in-flight and mitigate against them should they occur, to analyze and design safety 

issues out of complex system behaviors, and to constantly analyze designs and operational data for 

potential hazards. These technologies can be leveraged to support safety in other complex systems, 

such as NASA long-duration missions in space science and exploration. The program is also 

initiating an effort to examine key challenges in verifying and validating that flight-critical systems 

meet the extremely high levels of safety required for NextGen operations. 







For example, the goal of AvSP's Integrated Vehicle Health Management project is to develop 

validated tools, technologies and techniques for automated detection, diagnosis and prognosis of 

adverse events that occur in flight. A second project, Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck, is pursing 

flight-deck-related technologies to ensure crew workload and situational awareness are both safely 

optimized and adapted to the NextGen operational environment. 







The AvSP Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control project advances state-of-the-art designs for enhanced 

stability and maneuverability margins to protect against loss-of-control due to potential adverse 

events including atmospheric factors, actuator and sensor faults or failures, and complex damage to 

structures and control components. AvSP's Aircraft Aging and Durability project develops advanced 

capabilities for detection and mitigation of aging-related hazards before they become critical.







For more information, see http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/programs_avsp.htm.

Program Overview

AERO-10
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

AvSP is comprised of four projects. All four projects have developed 5-year project plans with 

milestones and metrics. Highlighted here are key performance deliverables for FY 2010. 







Researchers in the Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) Project will demonstrate, on a 

representative 2008 baseline current generation electro-mechanical system testbed, improved IVHM 

via Bayesian methods and/or models for varying operating conditions and demonstrate fault 

detection/diagnosis on at least three faults types and examine tradeoff between accuracy and 

diagnosis time. In 2010, this technology will demonstrate (through experimentation) a 95% accuracy 

in diagnosing faults. 







Researchers in the Aircraft Aging and Durability (AAD) Project will develop an atomistically-based 

model capable of predicting within 25%, the degradation caused by environmental effects on 

interfaces in selected polymer matrix composite materials. In 2010 the model will be used to predict 

within 25% the interfacial strength/toughness degradation of at least 2 resin/fiber combinations under 

a range of environmental exposures.







Researchers in the Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control (IRAC) Project will be developing a tool suite 

that provides an order of magnitude reduction in analysis time over current Monte-Carlo simulation 

methods that would be used to locate failure points in the flight envelope for a chosen adaptive 

control system and a set of adverse events. In 2010 the project will demonstrate confidence levels as 

good as what can be achieved using direct Monte-Carlo simulation techniques with a factor of ten 

reduction in computing time over direct Monte Carlo techniques. 







Researchers in the Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck (IIFD) Project will deliver (through analysis) flight 

deck guidelines, information, and display requirements that meet NextGen operational needs as 

established in 2007 baseline assessment, and without a measurable increase to safety risk. In 2010, 

simulation studies will indicate improvements in performance, situational awareness, and workload 

while operating in NextGen-based environments of higher traffic densities, 4D trajectory negotiations, 

and Aeronautical Information Service/Meteorological Information Service datalink provisions, using 

advanced flight deck technologies and operations, with no degradation of safety margin over 2007 

state of the art.

Plans For FY 2010

AERO-11
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The goal of the IRAC Project is to conduct research to advance our ability to model and prevent lossof-control in flight. Taking into account the advanced automation and autonomy capabilities as 

envisioned by NextGen, the research will pursue methodologies to enable an aircraft to automatically 

detect, mitigate, and safely recover from an off-nominal condition that could lead to a loss of control. 

A key component of the research will be to develop technologies that would enable an aircraft control 

system to automatically adapt or reconfigure itself in the event of a failed or damaged component 

and the rigorous verification and validation of such adaptive, software-based flight-critical systems.. 

These adaptive control concepts will likely have applications to future space exploration missions 

where vehicles will be required to operate and adapt to unknown flight. Likewise, research seeks to 

better understand causes of upset flight conditions, including icing and structural degradation, and to 

plan and execute safe trajectories to landing in degraded conditions

Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control

The goal of the AAD Project is to develop advanced diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for 

detection and mitigation of aging-related hazards. The research and technologies to be pursued will 

decrease the susceptibility of current and next generation aircraft and onboard systems to premature 

deterioration, thus greatly improving vehicle safety and mission success. Emerging civilian and 

military aircraft are introducing advanced material systems, fabrication techniques, and structural 

configurations for which there is limited service history. There will be an emphasis in the AAD project 

on new material systems/fabrication techniques and the potential hazards associated with agingrelated degradation. The intent is to take a proactive approach to identifying aging-related hazards 

before they become critical, and to develop technology and processes to incorporate aging mitigation 

into the design of future aircraft. Foundational research in aging science will ultimately yield 

multidisciplinary subsystem and system-level integrated methods for detection, prediction, and 

mitigation/management of aging-related hazards for future civilian and military aircraft.

Aircraft Aging and Durability

The goal of the IVHM Project is to conduct research to advance the state of highly integrated and 

complex flight-critical health management technologies and systems. These technologies will enable 

nearly continuous onboard situational awareness of the vehicle health state for use by the flight crew, 

ground crew, and maintenance depot. Improved safety and reliability will be achieved by onboard 

systems capable of performing self-diagnostics and self-correction of anomalies that could otherwise 

go unattended until a critical failure occurs in structures, propulsive systems, avionics hardware, or 

software. A key enabling technology will be the ability for sharing and processing large amounts of 

information among the various vehicle subsystems to more accurately diagnose the system health 

state and execute the logic to self-correct any critical anomalies detected. This data mining capability 

can also be applied to operational data about both aircraft and airspace.

Integrated Vehicle Health Management

AERO-12
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

The goal of the IIFD Project is to develop tools, methods, principles, guidelines, and technologies for 

revolutionary flight deck systems. In doing so, IIFD seeks to expand our ability to predict and create 

the comprehensive set of developments (technologies, procedures, and specifications for crew 

training) demanded for truly novel concepts of operation, such as those proposed for the Next 

Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Trajectories may be defined in distinctly new 

ways, pilots' tasks may expand to include collaboration and negotiation with other aircraft and with air 

traffic controllers, and may require managing large disparate sets of information to support a wide 

range of decisions made both individually and collaboratively. Current projections for NextGen 

operations also prescribe an increased use of automation, much of which will need to interact with, 

and support, the cognitive activities of pilots and air traffic controllers. The scope of IIFD also 

includes the development of a comprehensive surveillance system design that enables robust 

detection of external hazards with sufficient time-to-alarm for safe maneuvering to avoid the hazards. 

The products of the IIFD Project should enable system designers to eliminate the safety risk of 

unintended consequences when introducing new and advanced systems into an operational 

environment.

Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck Technologies

In 2012, compare test results to models of 

human-automation interaction concepts for 

NextGen

IIFD Added future commitment

In 2011, validate selected part-task simulation in 

NextGen-based simulator or flight environment

IIFD The performance measures for 

the Program were refined in 

2008

Deliver validated tools and methods that enable 

implementation of aircraft aging mitigations by 

2016

AAD Same

In 2012, assess flight planning and control 

strategies for aircraft recovery from adverse 

conditions

IRAC Added future commitment

In 2011, assess control strategies for aircraft 

recovery from upset stall conditions

IRAC Same

In 2016, deliver tools and flight deck 

technologies to enable advanced automation to 

support NextGen

IIFD Same

Deliver multidisciplinary adaptive control design 

tools for loss-of-control and recovery by 2016

IRAC Same

In 2011, demonstrate self-healing material 

concepts to mitigate damage in structural 

elements

IVHM Same

In 2011, develop aging mitigation technique that 

demonstrates 50% improvement over the 2007 

baseline

AAD Same

Demonstrate sensors, software and guidelines 

that will enable implementation of onboard IVHM 

by 2016

IVHM Same

In 2012, demonstrate forecasting technology that 

can predict known anomalies in large data 

sources

IVHM Added future commitment

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

AERO-13
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

The Aviation Safety Program spans research and technology from foundational research to 

integrated system-level capabilities. This broad spectrum necessitates the use of a wide array of 

acquisition tools relevant to the appropriate work awarded externally through full and open 

competition. Teaming among large companies, small businesses, and universities is highly 

encouraged for all procurement actions. 







A full and open NASA Research Announcement is used as the means to solicit innovative proposals 

in key research areas that compliment NASA expertise. One of the main objectives of the NRA 

investment is to stimulate close collaboration among NASA researchers and NRA award recipients to 

ensure effective knowledge transfer. The AvSP will award approximately $8.0 million in FY 2010 in 

grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, including renewals of multi-year awards made under 

previous NRAs, primarily with industry, academia and non-profit institutions. These awards will also 

help to strengthen the research capabilities that are of interest to NASA within the recipient 

organizations and institutions.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

Integrated Resilient Aircraft 

Control (IRAC)

Principle Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to Program Director

LARC, DFRC, GRC, 

ARC

FAA, JPDO, CAST, Air Force 

Research Lab (AFRL) , American 

Kestrel Company, and Goodrich

Integrated Intelligent Flight 

Deck (IIFD)

Principle Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to Program Director

LARC, ARC, GRC FAA, JPDO, CAST, and Boeing

Aircraft Aging and Durability 

(AAD)

Principle Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to Program Director

LARC, GRC, ARC FAA, CAST, DoD, Joint Council on 

Aging Aircraft (JCAA), Center for 

Rotorcraft Innovation, Alcoa, Williams 

International and Luna Innovations.

Integrated Vehicle Health 

Management (IVHM)

Principle Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to the Program 

Director

LARC, GRC, ARC, 

DFRC

FAA, Joint Planning and Development 

Office (JPDO), Commercial Aviation 

Safety Team (CAST), NOAA, DoD, 

Moog, and Boeing

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ARMD Associate Administrator is responsible for approval of all projects within the program. The 

Program Director oversees program portfolio formulation, implementation, evaluation, and integration 

of results with other ARMD/NASA programs.

AERO-14
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aviation Safety

Performance Expert Review 11/2008 The 12-month review is a formal independent 

peer review. Experts from other government 

agencies will report on their assessment of 

technical and programmatic risk and/or program 

weaknesses. Their recommendations will be 

received in a timely fashion and a response will 

be developed no later than the next quarterly 

review.

11/2009

Relevance National 

Research 

Council

n/a The review will assess whether the program: (a)

has well-defined, prioritized, and appropriate 

research objectives; (b)is properly coordinated 

with the safety research programs of the Federal 

Aviation Administration and other relevant 

Federal agencies; (c)has allocated appropriate 

resources to each of the research objectives; 

and (d)has suitable mechanisms for transitioning 

the research results from the program into 

operational technologies and procedures and 

certification activities.

12/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AERO-15
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AERO-16
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Airspace Systems

The Airspace Systems Program (ASP) focuses on mastery, intellectual stewardship, and technical 

excellence in fundamental air traffic management research. The ASP directly addresses the air traffic 

management research needs of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in 

collaboration with the member agencies of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO). NASA 

is working closely with the JPDO as well as other government, industry, and academic partners to 

enable the formation, development, integration, and demonstration of revolutionary concepts, 

capabilities, and technologies allowing significant increases in capacity, efficiency, and flexibility of 

the National Airspace System (NAS). These goals are in direct support of the guidelines in the 

National Aeronautics Research and Development Policy and Plan.







Increasing the capacity and efficiency of the air transportation system in a manner that does not 

negatively impact the environment or safety is critically important for the Nation's economic wellbeing. More than half of the Nation's busiest airports are already at capacity or will reach capacity 

limits in the next 10-20 years. Creating new capacity en route or on the airport surface is 

extraordinarily expensive and can take decades to complete, particularly if environmental constraints 

and safe separation standards are at issue. Specifically, environmental concerns forced 12 major 

commercial airports to cancel or indefinitely postpone expansion projects since the 1990s. Despite 

these constraints, air traffic is expected to continue to increase substantially in the next 20 years. All 

other factors remaining constant, increases will mean longer delays at airports already experiencing 

delays and create congestion delays at airports not currently experiencing any. The associated 

environmental impact and economic inefficiencies have been predicted by some to cost the Nation 

tens of billions of dollars annually. The risk of loss of aircraft separation both during airborne and 

ground operations could increase as the volume of air traffic exceeds the capacity of the airspace and 

airports to safely and efficiently accommodate the increased growth. 







For more information, please see http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/programs_asp.htm.

Program Overview

NextGen Airportal 16.8 13.3 16.7 16.9 16.9 17.5 --

NextGen Airspace 83.3 61.3 56.0 57.3 58.5 60.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

100.1 74.6 72.7 74.2 75.4 78.4 --

NextGen Systems Analysis, 

Integration, and Evaluation

16.8 16.2 28.1 28.4 28.5 29.5 29.6

NextGen Concepts and 

Technology Development

83.3 105.3 53.3 54.5 55.3 57.8 58.7

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

100.1 121.5 81.4 82.9 83.9 87.2 88.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 46.9 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.9 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-17
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Airspace Systems

Beginning in FY 2010, ASP will be restructured into two new projects. Previously, the projects in ASP 

were the NextGen Airspace Project and the NextGen Airportal project. It was determined that the 

distinctions between airport operations, terminal-area operations and en-route operations were 

sometimes confusing, leading to time expended determining the line of demarcation between the 

responsibilities of the two projects. A more significant distinction is the development of air traffic 

management concepts and the technologies that enable air traffic management improvements and 

the evaluation of these concepts and technologies at a system level. Accordingly, ARMD has reorganized ASP to rename the two projects the NextGen Concepts and Technology Development 

project and the NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration and Evaluation project. The previously 

planned work on airspace concepts, technologies and systems will continue, but the project structure 

is now better aligned to the nature of the work being performed.







The NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project will focus on developing capabilities in 

traffic flow management, dynamic airspace configuration, separation assurance, super density 

operations, and airport surface operations. Specifically, in FY 2010, the Project will conduct 

simulations of automated separation assurance subject to sequencing, spacing, and scheduling 

constraints. The simulations will evaluate a range of controller and pilot roles and responsibilities. 

Experiments will be designed with common assumptions, scenarios, uncertainty and metrics such 

that the experimental results generated by different concepts can be directly compared. Additionally, 

the Project will expand traffic flow management concepts to address weather modeling uncertainty to 

promote higher predictability and efficiency. In addition, in FY 2010, the Project will develop 

algorithms to generate robust, optimized solutions for surface traffic planning and control, and initial 

algorithms for airportal arrival and departure balancing. This will include evaluations of benefits in 

both nominal and off-nominal conditions with increased airportal traffic density and consideration of 

environmental constraints. The project will also determine research issues that are on a critical path 

to airportal metroplex capabilities. Important to all above research activities is the development of 

human/automation information requirements and decision making guidelines for human-human and 

human-machine airportal decision making. 







The NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, and Evaluation Project will focus on transition from the 

laboratory to the field of key systems concepts currently being pursued within the NextGen Concept 

and Technology Development Project (i.e., surface, terminal, transitional airspace, and en route 

domains) that will provide operational benefits, and demonstrate these integrated capabilities in 

relevant flight environments. Through systems analysis, key concepts will be down-selected based 

on their potential benefit towards improving operational efficiency, and then matured and tested in 

both fast-time and real-time full mission simulations to determine their technical viability. From this 

testing, a sub-set of these integrated concepts will be further demonstrated and evaluated through 

field tests integrating both air and ground capabilities. This work will commence in FY2010 with 

analysis elements, advancing over several years to culminate in relevant field experiments and 

demonstrations. This work will be coordinated with the FAA, the JPDO, and the Research Transition 

Teams of the JPDO to ensure transition of NASA concepts, technologies and procedures to the field 

to help enable the transition of today's air transportation system to NextGen. Detailed project planning 

activities are currently underway.

Plans For FY 2010

AERO-18
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Airspace Systems

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project will develop and explore fundamental 

concepts that address the optimal allocation of ground and air automation technologies necessary for 

NextGen . The project will focus NASA's technical expertise and world-class facilities to address the 

question of where, when, how, and the extent to which automation can be applied to moving aircraft 

safely and efficiently through the National Airspace System (NAS) including airport surfaces. 

Research in this project will address Four-Dimensional Trajectory Operations, including advances in 

the science and applications of multi-aircraft trajectory optimization that solves the demand/capacity 

imbalance problem while taking into account weather information and forecast uncertainties, and 

keeping aircraft safely separated. The project's research will develop and test concepts for advanced 

traffic flow management to provide trajectory planning and execution across the spectrum of time 

horizons from "strategic planning" to "separation assurance." The project will also conduct research 

to explore dynamic airspace configuration that addresses the technical challenges of migrating from 

the current structured, static homogenous airspace to a dynamic, heterogeneous airspace that 

adapts to user demands and meets changing constraints of weather, traffic congestion, and a highly 

diverse aircraft fleet. Ultimately, the roles and responsibilities of humans and automation influence 

every technical area and will be addressed thoroughly. The Project will respond to the need to 

achieve the maximum possible productivity in the combined use of gates, taxiways, runways, 

terminal airspace, and other airportal resources. Since every airport is a unique environment, and 

demand is not expected to increase equally at each airport as the system grows. 







Specific technical goals include: 



 -	Increasing capacity through dynamic allocation of airspace structure and controller resources;



 -	Effectively allocating demand through departure-time management, route modification, adaptive 

speed control, etc., in the presence of uncertainty; 



 -	Developing algorithms, automation prototypes, and procedures that relieve the capacity 

constraints imposed by human-controlled separation of aircraft in transition and cruise airspace; 



 -	Quantifying the performance-enhancing effects of emerging airborne technologies; 



 -	Optimizing surface traffic operations to enable capacity enhancements;



 -	Exploring transformational approaches, enabled by NextGen capabilities, for increasing airportal 

throughput; 



 -	Maximizing the capacity of individual runways and multiple runways with airspace and taxi 

interactions (closely-spaced parallel and converging/intersecting runways); 



 -	Minimizing runway incursion threats in all weather conditions; and



 -	Balancing arrival and departure traffic management to enable capacity improvements.

NextGen Concepts and Technology Development

AERO-19
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Airspace Systems

The high-level goal of the NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, and Evaluation Project is to 

conduct systems analysis, integration, and evaluation of key concepts currently being pursued within 

the surface, terminal, transitional airspace, and en route domains that will provide operational 

benefits, and demonstrate these integrated capabilities in a relevant environment. Through system 

analysis, key concepts will be down-selected based on their potential benefit towards increasing 

efficiency, and then matured and tested in both fast-time and real-time full mission simulations to 

determine their technical viability. From this testing, a sub-set of these integrated concepts will be 

further demonstrated and evaluated through field tests integrating both air and ground capabilities. 

To accomplish this goal, the following technical objectives will be satisfied:







 -	Define operational issues, factors and concerns that must be considered in conducting system 

analysis;



 -	Assess collective impact of these technologies using fast-time modeling and simulation and feed 

back results into the baseline program to enhance and validate research concepts;



 -	Examine the feasibility of the integrated concepts and technologies using human performance 

models and human-in-the-loop simulations;



 -	Demonstrate the impact of the integrated concepts and technologies using field trials; 



 -	Assess alternate fleet implications on trajectory based operations; and



 -	Collaborate with industry and government partners to transition technologies that enable 

increases in capacity and efficiency, while maintaining safety and environmental conditions.

NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, and Evaluation

In 2011, validate initial super-density concepts 

including a set of culminating experiments

NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, 

and Evaluation

Same

By 2016, develop and evaluate future airportal 

concepts, capabilities, and technologies

NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, 

and Evaluation

Same

In 2010, determine the feasibility and benefits of 

one or more candidate Multi-Sector Planner 

concepts.

NextGen Systems Analysis, Integration, 

and Evaluation

New

By 2016, develop future concepts, capabilities, 

and technologies for NextGen operations.

NextGen Concepts and Technology 

Development Project

Changed commitment to reflect 

project restructure.

In 2011, evaluate Air Navigation Service 

Provider-based and airborne-based automated 

separation assurance in the presence of 

complex traffic, hazardous weather, and 

sequencing, spacing, and scheduling 

constraints.

NextGen Concepts and Technology 

Development Project

Wording change to be consistent 

with adjustments in program 

plans to align with NextGen 

goals

In 2010, conduct simulations of automated 

separation assurance with sequencing, spacing, 

and scheduling constraints.

NextGen Concepts and Technology 

Development Project

Same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

AERO-20
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Airspace Systems

Performance Expert Review 10/2008 The 12-month review is a formal independent 

peer review. Experts from other government 

agencies will report on their assessment of 

technical and programmatic risk and/or program 

weaknesses. Their recommendations will be 

received in a timely fashion and a response will 

be developed no later than the next quarterly 

review.

10/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Program Management

NextGen Systems Analysis, 

Integration, and Evaluation

Project Manager and 

Resources Manager, who 

report to the Program 

Director

LARC, ARC FAA, JPDO, and DoT

NextGen Concepts and 

Technology Development

Principal Investigator and 

Project Manager, who 

report to the Program 

Director.

ARC, LARC FAA, JPDO, DOT, Air Force Research 

Lab (AFRL), Lockheed Martin, Air 

Services Australia and Eurocontrol

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ARMD Associate Administrator is responsible for approval of all projects within the program. The 

Program Director oversees Program portfolio formulation, implementation, evaluation, and integration 

of results with other ARMD/NASA programs.

The Airspace Systems Program spans research and technology from foundational research to 

integrated system capabilities. This broad spectrum necessitates the use of a wide array of 

acquisition tools relevant to the appropriate work awarded externally through full and open 

competition. Teaming among large companies, small businesses, and universities is highly 

encouraged for all procurement actions.







A full and open NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is used as the means to solicit innovative 

proposals in key research areas that complement NASA expertise. One of the main objectives of the 

NRA investment is to stimulate close collaboration among NASA researchers and NRA award 

recipients to ensure effective knowledge transfer. The Airspace Systems Program will award 

approximately $13.6 million in FY 2010 in grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, primarily 

with industry, academia and non-profit institutions. These awards will also help strengthen the 

research capabilities that are of interest to NASA within the recipient organizations and institutions.

Acquisition Strategy

AERO-21
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AERO-22
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Hypersonics 66.2 57.3 56.4 56.5 57.4 58.4 --

Supersonics 53.0 44.0 44.9 44.3 45.2 46.6 --

Subsonic - Fixed Wing 119.9 108.4 105.3 107.6 109.1 111.5 --

Subsonic - Rotary Wing 30.8 25.8 26.6 26.7 26.9 28.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

269.9 235.4 233.2 235.2 238.6 244.6 --

Hypersonics 66.2 57.9 60.0 60.2 61.1 62.3 64.4

Supersonics 53.0 55.6 40.6 40.0 40.7 42.0 42.8

Subsonic - Fixed Wing 119.6 155.2 101.6 103.7 105.4 107.3 110.8

Subsonic - Rotary Wing 30.8 38.9 26.1 26.1 26.3 27.4 27.9

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

269.6 307.6 228.4 230.0 233.6 239.0 245.9

Changes from FY 2009 Request -0.3 72.2 -4.8 -5.2 -5.0 -5.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-23
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Research within NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program (FAP) focuses on conducting cutting 

edge research that addresses many of the the main problems of air transportation including concerns 

over noise and emissions, sustainability of affordable air travel with increasing cost and availability of 

jet fuel, airspace mobility to meet increasing demand for air transportation, and lack of progress 

towards faster means of transportation. The FAP is also dedicated to the mastery and intellectual 

stewardship of the core competencies of aeronautics for the Nation across all flight regimes. 

Research in revolutionary aircraft configurations, lighter and stronger materials, improved propulsion 

systems, and advanced concepts for high lift and drag reduction all target the efficiency and 

environmental compatibility of future air vehicles. The Program also develops physics-based, 

multidisciplinary design, analysis and optimization tools to enable evaluation of new vehicle designs 

and to assess, with known uncertainties, the potential impact of design innovations on a vehicle's 

overall performance. All of these advances will one day realize revolutionary improvements in noise, 

emissions and performance that enable a new generation of air vehicles to meet the challenges of the 

NextGen air transportation system. 



 



Fundamental Aeronautics is organized around four projects that focus on research and challenges 

within a specific flight regime. The Subsonic Fixed Wing Project conducts research on new aircraft 

configurations and advanced propulsion systems that could dramatically reduce noise, emissions, 

fuel burn, and runway field length for a variety of subsonic fixed wing vehicles, The Subsonic Rotary 

Wing Project conducts research on speed and range increases, payload capacity, noise reduction, 

and propulsive efficiency to enable development of new rotorcraft configurations that enhance 

mobility of the future air transportation system. Technologies to meet the environmental challenges 

specifically associated with supersonic flight, such as sonic boom and gaseous emissions, are being 

addressed by the Supersonics Project. Elimination of these barriers will help realize practical 

commercial supersonic cruise vehicles that can fly over land. Finally, the Hypersonics Project 

focuses on long-range, fundamental and multidisciplinary research to enable new air-breathing 

launch vehicle architectures with more reliability for low-cost access to space. 



 



In addition, the program is conducting planetary entry, descent and landing (EDL) research to 

address aeronautics-related challenges in both hypersonic and supersonic regimes. Research 

focusing on areas critical to EDL will result in the development of technologies and design tools that 

will enable landing of large payloads on other planets in support of NASA's human and robotic 

exploration missions. 







For more information, please see http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/fap/

Program Overview

AERO-24
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

The Subsonic Rotary Wing (SRW) Project will demonstrate control concepts through flight simulation 

that will contribute to development of a flight control optimization tool for variable speed engine and 

transmission systems with no negative handling qualities. Current rotorcraft feature drivetrain 

components and main rotors which operate at nearly constant speed from hover through forward 

flight and current control systems are tailored to those operational attributes. Higher forward flight 

speeds are needed in order to make rotorcraft competitive with fixed wing aircraft for short and 

medium range missions in the NextGen. Higher flight speeds and optimum aerodynamic 

performance of main rotors from hover through forward flight require a wide variation in drivetrain and 

main rotor speed. This effort will explore through flight simulation the new control concepts needed to 

safely operate rotorcraft with such variable-speed drive systems. 







The Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project will complete and validate the first generation of a 

multidisciplinary analysis and design toolset to evaluate the trades between noise, emissions, and 

performance of future aircraft. Accuracy of the toolset will be assessed by comparing predictions of 

noise, emissions, fuel-burn, takeoff/landing performance, and aircraft weight to known characteristics 

from single-aisle (B737/CFM56) and twin-aisle (B777/GE90) aircraft. The toolset will then be used to 

predict the performance benefits of unconventional aircraft configurations (such as hybrid wing-body) 

to guide the Project in development of enabling technologies for such configurations. 







The Supersonics Project will develop and assess the accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics 

(CFD) tools for predicting the performance and operability of engine inlets for low-boom supersonic 

aircraft designed to significantly reduce the annoyance from sonic booms during flights over land. The 

design of engine inlets for commercial supersonic aircraft with cruise Mach numbers below Mach 2 

challenges current design practice. Such inlets must not generate any large regions of separated 

flow since these regions create pressure distortions that impact stable engine operation. Traditional 

development practice is to develop and test inlets and engines separately, yet they must work in 

concert on the aircraft. Computational tools capable of simulating coupled inlet/engine systems, of 

predicting the severity of flow separations in the inlet, and predicting the impact of those separations 

on stable engine operation are critical enablers to the design of low-boom aircraft. This effort will 

assess the accuracy of such CFD tools against available data from inlet/engine tests in order to 

identify any deficiencies in predictive capability that requires further improvement.







The Hypersonics Project will complete CFD predictions of ramjet-to-scramjet mode-transition and 

compare the predictions to available wind tunnel and/or flight data. The ability to accurately predict 

combustor performance under mode-transition fueling levels is a key enabler for the design of reliable 

high-speed propulsion systems. This CFD assessment activity will validate and verify the accuracy of 

two CFD codes (WIND and VULCAN) against available data from X-51 wind tunnel tests and an 

upcoming X-51 flight test.

Plans For FY 2010

AERO-25
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Advanced rotorcraft can alleviate the capacity problems in the air transportation system by using 

simultaneous, non-interfering (SNI) approaches that includes non-primary runways, taxiways, and 

aprons. This approach would require a large, high-speed rotorcraft configuration with capability for 

300+ knots cruise. The limiting factor for the cruise speed of tiltrotors has been propeller efficiency, 

as the designer trades cruise efficiency for hover performance, with a speed reduction of nominally 

15 percent from hover to cruise. The Subsonic Rotary Wing Project has set aggressive goals to 

develop technologies for a variable/multi-speed propulsion system that will enable a 50 percent 

reduction in main rotor rotational speed from hover to forward flight, without adverse impact on the 

efficiency of the propulsion system and with minimal weight penalty. Other technical issues related to 

a variable-speed rotor, such as dynamics, aeroelastic stability, low-frequency noise effects, and flight 

control, are also being addressed in the Program. In order for the rotorcraft to be able to operate 

from smaller airports in a metroplex concept, significant reduction of external noise will be required.







The goal of the Subsonic Rotary Wing Project is to conduct long-term, cutting-edge research in the 

core competencies of the subsonic rotary wing regime, thereby producing knowledge, data, 

capabilities, technologies, and design tools at the foundational, discipline, multidiscipline, and system 

levels that will enable improved prediction methods and technologies for lower noise, lower 

emissions, and higher performance for rotary wing aircraft. Research in the Subsonic Rotary Wing 

Project includes the following goals:



 



 - Enable variable-speed rotor concepts that incorporate the ability to change rotor rotational 

speed by 50% without performance or handling qualities penalties to enable optimum rotor 

aerodynamic performance in both hover and higher forward flight speeds than currently attainable, 

making rotorcraft competitive with fixed wing aircraft for short and medium-range missions within the 

NextGen.



 - Contain the external noise within the landing area and reduce internal noise by 77 dB, and 

develop design capabilities for low-noise rotorcraft that include the accurate calculation of blade 

vortex interaction noise, high-speed impulsive noise, and blade/wake interaction noise.



 - Develop acoustic propagation techniques that account for atmospheric effects, terrain, and 

shadowing so that rotary wing vehicles can be optimized for minimal noise impact while retaining 

performance and handling quality standards.

Subsonic Rotary Wing

AERO-26
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

The projected growth of the air transportation system by a factor of two or three over the next 20 

years will increase emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide 

(NOX), water vapor, and particulates, and the number of people exposed to airport noise. To meet 

the mobility needs of the future, the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will also 

rely on the expanded use of secondary and reliever airports and employ a new class of vehicles that 

are capable of short take-off and landing (STOL). The goal of the Subsonic Fixed Wing Project is to 

conduct long-term, cutting-edge research in the core competencies of the subsonic fixed wing 

regime, thereby producing knowledge, data, capabilities, technologies, and design tools at the 

foundational, discipline, multidiscipline and system levels that will enable improved prediction 

methods and technologies for lower noise, lower emissions (including NOx, CO2, water vapor, 

volatiles, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and soot), and higher performance for subsonic 

aircraft. Higher performance includes energy efficiency to reduce fuel burn and operability 

technologies that enable takeoff and landing on shorter runways. The 10-year strategy includes 

providing technologies, novel test methods, and validated prediction tools that can be used to 

improve system trades for advanced concepts capable of meeting longer-term noise, emissions, and 

performance targets. The following objectives address the overall project goals: 







- Improvements in prediction tools and new experimental methods that provide fundamental 

properties and establish validation data; 



- Noise prediction and reduction technologies for airframe and propulsion systems enabling -42 dB 

cumulative, below Stage IV (Stage IV refers to a limit imposed by the International Civil Aviation 

Organization on the maximum allowable noise levels for current aircraft.);



- Emissions reduction technologies and prediction tools enabling 80 percent reduction in landing and 

take-off NOx below the second state of regulation recommended by the Committee on Aviation 

Environmental Protection;



- Improved vehicle performance through design and development of lightweight, multifunctional and 

durable structural components, high-lift aerodynamics, and higher bypass ratio engines with efficient 

power plants, and advanced aircraft configurations enabling a 40 percent reduction in fuel burn as 

compared to the Boeing 737 with the CFM56 engine;



- Reduce field length by 50 %; and



- Multidisciplinary design and analysis tools and processes to enable design of advanced aircraft 

configurations with greater degree of confidence.







Since NASA does not design or manufacture aircraft that can operationally show these 

improvements, we will use demonstrated component technologies and system-level assessments to 

show that our goals could be operationally achieved.

Subsonic Fixed Wing

AERO-27
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Supersonic air travel has been possible for decades, but has not been commercially viable because 

of the significant environmental and performance challenges inherent in this speed regime including 

overland sonic boom annoyance, high fuel consumption, and NOx emission at high altitudes. The 

goal of the Supersonics Project is to conduct long-term, cutting-edge research in the core 

competencies of the supersonic regime, thereby producing knowledge, data, capabilities, 

technologies, and design tools at the foundational, discipline, multidiscipline and system levels that 

will address the technical challenges for supersonic vehicles.







The Supersonics Project is organized along the following major technical challenges: efficiency 

(supersonic cruise, light weight and durability at high temperature); environmental challenges (airport 

noise, sonic boom, high altitude emissions); performance challenges (aero-propulso-servo-elastic 

analysis and design, cruise lift/drag ratio); and multidisciplinary design, analysis and optimization 

challenges.







The Supersonics Project will develop technologies to enable overland supersonic cruise with civilian 

and military applications at acceptable environmental impacts (no greater than subsonic fixed wing 

aircraft). Research in the Supersonics Project includes the following 10-year goals: 







 - Cruise efficiency improvements in the airframe and propulsion system leading to approximately 

30 percent improvement in aircraft range factor vs. the final NASA High-Speed Research (HSR) 

Program baseline;



 - Approximately 15 EPNdB (effective perceived noise, in decibels) of jet noise reduction relative 

to an unsuppressed jet; 



 - A reduction of loudness on the order of 30 PLdB (perceived loudness, in decibels) relative to 

typical military aircraft sonic booms; 



 - Elimination or minimized impact from high-altitude missions.

Supersonics

AERO-28
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

The Hypersonics Project is motivated by the fact that all access to Earth or planetary orbit, and all 

entry from orbit into Earth's atmosphere or any planet with an atmosphere, requires flight through the 

hypersonic regime. The goal of the project is to conduct long-term, cutting-edge research in the core 

competencies of the hypersonic regime, thereby producing knowledge, data, capabilities, and design 

tools at the foundational, discipline, multidiscipline, and system levels that will address the technical 

challenges for two high-payoff NASA-unique missions: Highly Reliable Reusable Launch Systems 

(HRRLS) and High-Mass Mars Entry Systems (HMMES). 







Cutting-edge hypersonics research on HRRLS will enable sustained hypersonic flight through the 

atmosphere with space-access applications. The research focused on HMMES will result in the 

development of technologies and concepts that can enable the safe and accurate delivery of large 

payloads to the surface of Mars. This effort will facilitate the entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phase 

of both human and robotic planetary missions and is closely aligned with the long-term goals of 

NASA's space exploration activities. 







The Hypersonics Project will focus its research on addressing some of the hardest challenges in 

hypersonics including:



 



 - The development of materials for airframe and propulsion applications that can withstand the 

severe temperatures encountered in hypersonic flight for extended periods of time; 



 - The development of predictive models for compressible flow, turbulence, heating, ablation, 

combustion, and their interactions in order to reduce the uncertainty in predictions of aerodynamic 

heat loads during the design of hypersonic vehicles, with the benefit of lower vehicle weight resulting 

from reduced design margins for thermal structures and thermal protection systems; 



 - Realizable propulsion systems that operate efficiently over a very wide speed range by 

integrating high-speed turbine engines or rockets and scramjets; and 



 - Tying together all of the close interactions among the airframe, inlet, nozzle, and propulsion 

systems using a physics-based multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization approach.







The HRRLS mission class will provide new air-breathing launch vehicle architectures with increased 

reliability such as Two-Stage-to-Orbit Turbine-Based Combined-Cycle systems to eventually enable 

routine low-cost access to space. The HMMES mission research will push technology beyond the 

state of the art in hypersonic atmospheric entry to successfully land payloads on Mars with masses 

up to two orders of magnitude greater than is practically realizable today. The emphasis will be on 

concepts for reduced weight, atmospheric maneuverability, and safety.

Hypersonics

AERO-29
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

In 2011 use a design optimization study to show 

a 2-week MDAO cycle time for cruise efficiency

Supersonics Same

In 2010 develop computational models to predict 

integrated inlet and fan performance and 

operability

Supersonics Same

In 2012 develop simulation tool with accuracy to 

enable highly reliable reusable launch systems

Hypersonics Same

By 2013 develop framework for analysis and 

design of supersonic aircraft that are efficient 

with low noise and emissions

Supersonics Added words for clarification. 

Commitment is the same.

In 2011 validate combustor wall thermalstructural performance and critical failure modesHypersonics Same

In 2011 evaluate accuracy of models by 

comparing CFD prediction with test data from 

wind tunnel hardware

Hypersonics Same

In 2010 complete CFD predictions of ramjet-toscramjet mode-transition, compare to test data 

from supersonic wind tunnel tests

Hypersonics Same

In 2010 finish suite of integrated multidisciplinary 

analysis tools to predict aircraft performance

Subsonics Fixed Wing Same

By 2012 demonstrate a rotor concept 

incorporating the ability to change rotor speed 

without penalty

Subsonics Rotary Wing Same

By 2011 develop an integrated tool set to 

accurately predict performance of subsonic 

aircraft

Subsonics Fixed Wing Same

In 2011 validate the ability to predict the effects 

of active rotor systems for level flight

Subsonics Rotary Wing Same

In 2010 demonstrate through flight simulation a 

control optimization tool to control a variable 

speed engine & transmission

Subsonics Rotary Wing Wording change to be consistent 

with current program plans.

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

AERO-30
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Program Management

Hypersonics Principal Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to the Program 

Director

ARC, DFRC, GRC, 

LaRC

AFRL, U.S. Air Force Office of 

Scientific Research (AFOSR), U.



S. Navy, Deputy Undersecretary of 

Defense for Science and Technology, 

DARPA, ATK, and Dover ILC

Supersonics Principal Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to the Program 

Director

ARC, DFRC, GRC, 

LaRC

Gulfstream Aerospace, Lockheed 

Martin, AFRL, Aerion Corporation and 

DARPA

Subsonics Rotary Wing Principal Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to the Program 

Director

ARC, GRC, LaRC U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, 

Center for Rotorcraft Innovation (CRI), 

Bell Helicopter, Sikorsky, ZFL, 

Helowerks, Inc., Boeing, DARPA, FAA, 

Polyumac, Technocore, and 

Gulfstream Aerospace

Subsonics Fixed Wing Principal Investigator and 

Project Manager who 

report to the Program 

Director

ARC, DFRC, GRC, 

LaRC

Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), 

Boeing, Pratt & Whitney, Northrop 

Grumman, A.R. Associates, ENrG Inc., 

General Electric Aviation, Gulfstream 

Aerospace, and United Technologies 

Corporation

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ARMD Associate Administrator is responsible for approval of all projects within the FA Program. 

The Program Director oversees Program portfolio formulation, implementation, evaluation, and 

integration of results with other ARMD/NASA programs.

Acquisitions within the program provide the basic elements for fundamental research, tools and 

methods development, enabling technologies, and validation and verification of research results. 

This broad spectrum necessitates the use of a wide array of acquisition tools relevant to the 

appropriate work awarded externally through full and open competition. Teaming among large 

companies, small businesses, and universities is highly encouraged for all procurement actions. 







A full and open NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is used as the means to solicit innovative 

proposals in key research areas that compliment NASA expertise. One of the main objectives of the 

NRA investment is to stimulate close collaboration among NASA researchers and NRA award 

recipients to ensure effective knowledge transfer. The Fundamental Aeronautics Program will award 

approximately $40.0 million in FY 2010 in grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, primarily 

with industry, academia and non-profit institutions. These awards will also help to strengthen the 

research capabilities that are of interest to NASA within the recipient organizations and institutions.

Acquisition Strategy

AERO-31
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

Performance Expert Review 11/2008 The 12-month review is a formal independent 

peer review. Experts from other government 

agencies will report on their assessment of 

technical and programmatic risk and/or program 

weaknesses. Their recommendations will be 

received in a timely fashion and a response will 

be developed no later than the next quarterly 

review.

11/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AERO-32
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

Flight Operations and Test 

Infrastructure

25.1 25.6 26.4 27.2 27.2 27.2 --

Aero Ground Test Facilities 50.0 48.2 49.4 50.8 51.0 51.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

75.1 73.9 75.8 78.0 78.2 78.2 --

Flight Operations and Test 

Infrastructure

25.1 31.6 26.1 27.0 27.0 26.8 27.5

Aero Ground Test Facilities 50.0 100.0 48.6 50.1 50.2 49.8 51.2

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

75.1 131.6 74.7 77.1 77.2 76.6 78.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 57.7 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 -1.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-33
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

NASA's Aeronautics Test Program (ATP) was created to preserve and promote the testing 

capabilities of one of the largest, most versatile, and comprehensive set of research facilities in the 

world. Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Center, Glenn Research Center and Langley 

Research Center operate ATP facilities that provide an extensive array of services in their respective 

areas of expertise.







ATP offers government agencies, corporations, and academic institutions unmatched basic and 

applied research and experimental opportunities that reflect four generations of accumulated 

aerospace skill and experience. ATP is built upon a nationwide team of highly trained and skilled staff 

whose backgrounds and education encompass every aspect of aerospace testing and engineering. 







ATP was instituted in FY 2006, as an element of the Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP) 

but funded by and officially reporting through ARMD, to establish corporate management of NASA's 

aeronautics ground test facilities. The goals were to optimize the utilization of NASA's wind tunnels 

and air-breathing propulsion for efficiency and cost effectiveness, to sustain and improve NASA's 

core capabilities, and to ensure that a minimum core capability was maintained.



 



In FY 2007, the Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR), Support Aircraft, Test Bed Aircraft, and 

the Simulation and Loads Laboratories at the Dryden Flight Research Center were added to ATP. 







ATP is a long-term, funded commitment by NASA to retain and invest in test capabilities that are 

considered to be important to the agency and the Nation. Through ATP, NASA will adopt consistent 

processes and procedures across all agency research centers for operations and maintenance of the 

major wind tunnels/ground test facilities and flight operations/test infrastructure. 







Looking to the future, ATP will move to the next phase of program maturity through the 

implementation of a new strategic plan that will have three thrusts: (1) provide vision and leadership 

for the use of ATP assets in meeting national goals; (2) provide sustained financial support for 

workforce, capability improvements, test technology development, maintenance, mothballing, and 

divestiture; and, (3) provide strategic planning, management, and coordination within NASA and 

between NASA and other government and industry stakeholders. This strategic plan will guide ATP 

investments and will provide the vision for how the ATP can fully support the current and long-term 

missions of NASA, the Department of Defense, and American aerospace industry.







For more information, see http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/atp.

Program Overview

AERO-34
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

As part of ATP's continuous efforts to improve facility operational efficiencies, the ATP-sponsored 

National Strain Gage Balance Team completed a technical review and concluded that NASA's 

capability to utilize strain gage balances in wind tunnel testing has severely eroded. These 

instruments are critical since they are required to measure model forces and moments while 

simultaneously holding the model in the wind tunnel. Implementation of the National Force 

Measurement Technology Capability (NFMTC), a multi-year project to address gaps and deficiencies 

in the Government and industry's state-of-the-art strain gage balance technology capability, began in 

FY 2009, and the NFMTC will achieve continuous, collaborative operations across NASA and the Air 

Force's Arnold Engineering and Development Center (AEDC) in FY 2010. 







In FY 2009, ATP completed a comprehensive assessment of the current condition and reliability of 

ATP facilities and their ability to meet current and future (five-year horizon) ground test requirements. 

The assessment identified a set of facility projects that should be executed to ensure availability and 

operational status and, from this set, a five-year investment project schedule for each facility was 

developed. In FY 2010, ATP will start implementing these recommended recapitalization and 

maintenance projects.







In its first three years, ATP was intentionally tactical in nature, and investments were focused 

primarily on stabilizing aeronautics test facility condition, charge rates, and workforce competency. In 

FY 2009, ATP will complete and implement a new strategic plan that will have three main thrusts: (1) 

provide vision and leadership for the use of ATP assets in meeting national goals; (2) provide 

sustained financial support for workforce, capability improvements, test technology development, 

maintenance, mothballing, and divestiture; and, (3) provide strategic planning, management, and 

coordination within NASA and between NASA and other government and industry stakeholders. This 

strategic plan will also guide the recapitalization and maintenance investments, starting in FY 2010, 

identified through the comprehensive facility assessment. 







In collaboration with the National Partnership for Aeronautical Testing (NPAT), ATP initiated an 

assessment of the Nation's hypersonic wind tunnel capabilities in FY09 and will initiate an 

assessment of the Nation's subsonic wind tunnel capabilities in FY10. These assessments will 

identify wind tunnels in both speed regimes that are critical to the Nation, and therefore will require 

continued investment. Wind tunnels that are not critical will become candidates for consolidation.







In 2010, the ATP will continue to implement its Flight Operations Test Infrastructure investment 

strategy. Usage rates for flight test assets will be established at the beginning of the fiscal year to 

recover the required infrastructure investment funds. 







Also, ATP will conduct and participate in several significant meetings and collaborative activities, 

including quarterly reviews with the NASA Research Centers (ARC, DFRC, GRC, and LaRC) and the 

Air Force's AEDC and semi-annual meetings with the NPAT.

Plans For FY 2010

AERO-35
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Flight Operations and Test Infrastructure Project is made up of an integrated set of elements 

consisting of the Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR), support aircraft maintenance and 

operations, and testbed aircraft that provide the resources required for research flight and mission 

support projects. The goal is to provide up to 100 percent of the facility fixed costs for these flight 

facilities to ensure facility and staff availability and user price stability. 







The project also includes the Simulation and Flight Loads Laboratories, a suite of ground based 

laboratories that support research flight and mission operations. The goal is to provide up to 20 

percent of the fixed costs for labs to ensure facility and staff availability and user price stability.

Flight Operations and Test Infrastructure

The Aero Ground Test Facilities project is made up of different classes of facilities including low 

speed wind tunnels, transonic wind tunnels, supersonic wind tunnels, and hypersonic wind tunnels. 

The project includes four primary efforts to support the long term viability of the facilities and to 

continually improve on the efficiency and effectiveness of operations. These efforts include:



 



- Facility Operations Support which provides a portion of the facility fixed costs for ground test 

facilities to ensure facility and staff availability and user price stability;







- Facility Maintenance and Upgrades which provides funding for maintenance and upgrades that 

correct known deficiencies in facility safety, reliability, and productivity and enables the facilities to 

meet near-term and future testing requirements. These activities will result in improved facility 

productivity and reduced operational cost;







- Facility Test Technology which provides funding to develop and implement new technologies that 

increase test capability, improve productivity and efficiency, and improve data quality; and







- Facility Related Research whose activities are competed openly with a strong desire to involve 

universities with experimental work in major facilities. It is anticipated that one or more ATP assets 

will be utilized to develop technologies that will support either the facility operation or the other 

ARMD research programs.

Aero Ground Test Facilities

In 2010-2012, deliver at least 96% of on-time 

availability for operations and research facilities

Aero Ground Test Facilities Project Same

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

AERO-36
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

Program Management

Flight Operations and Test 

Infrastructure Project

Senior managers of ATP 

facilities at DFRC have key 

implementation 

responsibilities

DFRC DoD

Aero Ground Test Facilities Senior managers of ATP 

facilities at ARC, LaRC, & 

GRC have key 

implementation 

responsibilities

ARC, GRC, and 

LaRC

DoD and Boeing

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ARMD Associate Administrator is responsible for approval of all projects within the program. The 

Program Director oversees program portfolio formulation, implementation, evaluation, and integration 

of results with other ARMD/NASA programs.

Acquisitions supporting ATP activity will be performed at each of the test sites consistent with the 

Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the NASA FAR Supplement (NFS). Each Center will be 

responsible for coordinating major acquisitions supporting ATP activities through the ATP Office as 

required by the ATP Director. Acquisitions that support the ATP facilities are usually less than $0.5 

million and are initiated as early in the fiscal year as possible. This is inclusive of the annual NASA 

Research Announcement (NRA) activities within ARMD. These acquisitions are executed at the 

Center level, and the resulting contracts are subject to open competition and are typically fixed price, 

fixed fee. Larger ATP acquisitions are typically facility investments, and the funds are usually 

converted to Construction of Facilities (CoF) funds.







A full and open NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is used to solicit innovative proposals in key 

research areas that complement NASA expertise. One of the main objectives of the NRA investment 

is to stimulate close collaboration among NASA researchers and NRA award recipients to ensure 

effective knowledge transfer. The ATP will award approximately $2.0 million in FY 2010 in grants, 

contracts, and cooperative agreements, primarily with industry, academia, and non-profit institutions. 

These awards will also help to strengthen the research capabilities that are of interest to NASA within 

the recipient organizations and institutions.

Acquisition Strategy

AERO-37
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Aeronautics Test Program

Relevance Expert Review 09/2008 Periodic reviews are carried out by the NASA 

Advisory Council (NAC) and the U.S. users of 

ATP facilities. The last ATP review was carried 

out by the Aeronautics Committee of the NAC in 

Feb. 2007; no major findings were reported. The 

last major community outreach meeting was 

held in September 2008 with NASA, DoD and 

U.S. aerospace industry users. The next 

meeting with the ATP users is planned for 

March 2010.

03/2010

Performance Expert Review 11/2008 The 12-month review is a formal independent 

peer review. Experts from other government 

agencies will report on their assessment of 

technical and programmatic risk and/or program 

weaknesses. Their recommendations will be 

received in a timely fashion and a response will 

be developed no later than the next quarterly 

review.

11/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AERO-38
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Integrated Systems Research

As the number of flight operations at many of the largest airports in the Nation continues to increase, 

environmental concerns over noise and emissions will limit the capacity of those airports, and 

therefore limit the capacity of the entire system. Recently, several recommendations have been 

issued to NASA by the National Research Council and the NASA Advisory Council. These 

recommendations cite the need for NASA to develop vehicle technologies to decrease the significant 

environmental impacts of the aviation system. These recommendations clearly point out the need for 

NASA to take the initiative to conduct system research and experiments of promising vehicle 

concepts and technologies that will simultaneously reduce fuel burn, noise and emissions. 







The Integrated Systems Research Program (ISRP), a new program effort beginning in FY10, has 

been organized to support the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project and will take an 

integrated system-level approach to reduce the environmental impact of aviation (in terms of noise, 

local and global emissions, and local air quality) in the area of air vehicle technologies. As the 

NextGen evolves to meet the projected growth in demand for air transportation, the environmental 

impacts of noise and emissions are a growing concern and could limit the ability of the system to 

accommodate growth. The integrated system-level research in this program will be coordinated with 

on-going long-term, foundational research within the three other research programs, and will focus 

specifically on maturing and integrating technologies in major vehicle systems and subsystems for 

accelerated transition to practical application.

Program Overview

Environmentally Responsible 

Aviation Project

0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 60.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 60.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 62.4 64.4 67.1 64.4 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

AERO-39
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Integrated Systems Research

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The goal of the ERA project is to explore and document the feasibility, benefits, and technical risks of 

vehicle concepts and enabling technologies identified to have the potential to mitigate the impact of 

aviation on the environment. Through system-level analysis, promising N+2 vehicle and propulsion 

concepts and technologies will be down-selected based on their potential benefit towards 

simultaneously reducing fuel burn, noise and emissions. These concepts and technologies will then 

be matured and their performance will be evaluated at the system and sub-system level in relevant 

environments. Among the technologies to be explored are the following:







 -	Non-conventional aircraft architectures that enable reduced drag and shielding of propulsion 

system noise



 -	Drag reduction through laminar flow 



 -	Advanced composite structural concepts for weight reduction



 -	Low NOx combustors



 -	Propulsion and airframe integration for noise reduction and fuel burn improvements







The ERA project will expand the well-informed design trade space for these types of technologies. 

The project will transfer knowledge outward to the aeronautics community so that aircraft and 

propulsion system manufacturers can confidently transition these technologies into new products. 

The project will transfer knowledge inward to the Fundamental Aeronautics Program so that 

concepts and technologies which do not yield predicted performance benefits can be further 

investigated and developed at a foundational level in order to mature to their full potential benefit.

Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA)

The Integrated Systems Research Program will use enhanced measurement capability in the Langley 

14x22 Low Speed Wind Tunnel to investigate the ability of a Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft 

architecture to shield aircraft engine noise during simulated takeoff and approach conditions. The 

program will develop combustor concepts that offer the potential of reducing NOx emissions levels 

below those attainable with current technologies. Propulsion and airframe integration issues and the 

trade-off between acoustic and fuel burn performance of ultra-high bypass and open-rotor propulsion 

systems will be explored in the 9x15 Propulsion Wind Tunnel at Glenn by mounting Ultra-High 

Bypass (UHB) and open-rotor models in close proximity to simulated pylons and aircraft surfaces. 

Natural laminar flow wind tunnel models and hybrid laminar flow flight test articles will be fabricated 

for use in exploring the ability to maintain laminar flow at flight Reynolds number as a means of 

reducing aircraft drag and thereby improving fuel burn. The program will also award a NASA 

Research Announcement (NRA) in FY 2010 to conduct N + 2 (the generation beyond the next 

generation aircraft) vehicle systems-studies in order to assess the potential benefits that 

technologies within the existing research programs can contribute toward simultaneously reducing 

aircraft noise, emissions, and fuel burn. The NRA will also identify additional technologies that should 

be considered for further maturation and develop enabling technology roadmaps to further inform 

ISRP investment decisions.

Plans For FY 2010

AERO-40
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Integrated Systems Research

The Integrated Systems Research Program will develop and further mature promising technologies 

to the integrated system-level. This necessitates the use of a wide array of acquisition tools relevant 

to the appropriate work awarded externally through full and open competition. Teaming among large 

companies, small businesses, and universities is highly encouraged for all procurement actions.







A full and open NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is used as the means to solicit innovative 

proposals in key research areas that complement NASA expertise. One of the main objectives of the 

NRA investment is to stimulate close collaboration among NASA researchers and NRA award 

recipients to ensure effective knowledge transfer. The Integrated Systems Research Program will 

award approximately $10 million in FY 2010 in grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, 

primarily with industry, academia and non-profit institutions. These awards will also help strengthen 

the research capabilities that are of interest to NASA within the recipient organizations and 

institutions.

Acquisition Strategy

In FY 2010, award a NRA to conduct N+2 

vehicle systems-studies.

Environmentally Responsible Aviation 

Project

New

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Program Management

Environmentally Responsible 

Aviation

Project Manager and 

Resources Manager, who 

report to the Program 

Director

ARC, DFRC, GRC, 

and LaRC

None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ARMD Associate Administrator is responsible for approval of all projects within the program. The 

Program Director oversees program portfolio formulation, implementation, evaluation, and integration 

of results with other NASA or ARMD programs.

AERO-41
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Aeronautics Research

Aeronautics

Program: Integrated Systems Research

Relevance Subject Matter 

Experts

N/A The National Research Council of the National 

Academies is convening a meeting of experts to 

review NASA's plans for system-level research 

in Environmentally Responsible Aviation. The 

purpose of the review is for NASA to collect 

comments and observations from subject matter 

experts in the areas of aviation operations, 

vehicles and environmental impact. NASA will 

consider the comments and observations it 

receives in future refinement of its plans.

05/2009

Performance Expert Review N/A The 12-month review is a formal independent 

peer review. Experts from other government 

agencies will report on their assessment of 

technical and programmatic risk and/or program 

weaknesses. Their recommendations will be 

received in a timely fashion and a response will 

be developed no later than the next quarterly 

review.

11/2010

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AERO-42
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Overview 

Five years ago, NASA took on the challenge of reshaping America's leadership in human space 

exploration by implementing a robust policy to advance the Nation's scientific, security, and 

economic interests. Reigniting the public's engagement in this bold endeavor, the Agency set out 

once again to leave low Earth orbit, and is developing the capabilities required to take humans to 

the Moon, other near-Earth destinations, and eventually to Mars. 

During the six Apollo lunar landings, we spent a total of 39 days on the lunar surface. With the 

International Space Station, we have over ten years experience supporting crews for up to six 

months at a time, relying on a significant infrastructure, with deliveries of supplies, in low Earth orbit. 

NASA will eventually develop capabilities to sustain humans beyond low Earth orbit for long 

periods. Our return to the Moon may be for stays of up to six months, conducting surface 

operations, learning how to "live off the land", testing new technologies including life support 

systems, and exploring the lunar surface. The farther we travel beyond the Moon, the more 

complex the operation, and the more self-sufficient we need to become. Each step will be used to 

demonstrate capabilities that will increase our capacity to travel beyond Earth and its Moon. These 

activities combine to form a necessary step in our preparation to explore new worlds. 

The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) is leading this effort by forging new 

capabilities for sustained and affordable human and robotic missions. Within ESMD, two themes 

encompass the mandate for a new architecture to transport humans into space, as well as the 

technology development and human research to make it possible. The Constellation Systems 

Theme focuses on developing NASA's next generation of human exploration spacecraft designed to 

carry crew and cargo to low Earth orbit in the near term, and then beyond. Also within Constellation 

Systems, NASA has begun an important partnership with industry via the Commercial Crew and 

Cargo Program, aimed at spurring private industry to provide cost-effective cargo and crew delivery 

to the International Space Station (ISS) and expanding the commercial technology sector, while 

allowing NASA to focus its internal resources on exploration. 

The second Theme, Advanced Capabilities, focuses on two essential areas: Human Research, and 

Exploration Technology Development. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) project, ESMD's 

first step in returning humans to the Moon, was also developed within this Theme. Advanced 

Capabilities activity reduces the cost and risk of human exploration by mapping potential lunar 

landing sites, developing and testing critical technologies, and conducting research to increase our 

understanding of the effects of space on human performance. 

Summer 2009 Review of Human Space Flight Activities 

In order for the United States to maintain and advance its international leadership in space, NASA will 

initiate an independent review of ongoing U.S. human space flight development activities as well as 

alternatives to ensure that the Nation is pursuing the best solution for future human space flight – one 

that is safe, innovative, sustainable and affordable. The review will develop suitable options for 

consideration by the Administration regarding a U.S.-led human space flight architecture. 

The review will be led by an independent, blue-ribbon team of experts who will work closely with a 

NASA team. This independent review will provide options and supporting analyses to involved 

Administration agencies and offices in sufficient time to support an August 2009 decision on the way 

forward. 

EXP-1
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

The review will evaluate the status and capabilities of the agency’s current human space flight 

development program, as well as other potential architectures. It will examine the capabilities of 

these architectures (including supporting R&D and complementary robotic activities) to support the 

International Space Station and exploration missions and will consider options to extend 

International Space Station operations beyond 2016. The review will address international 

cooperation and account for US industrial base considerations and US competitiveness 

implications. The architectures assessed will fit within the current exploration budget topline and 

not rely upon extending Space Shuttle operations. 

 

Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for 

Exploration activities reflecting the review's results. FY 2010 and outyear funding levels 

for Exploration activities shown in this document represent the budget request if there were no 

changes to ongoing activities. 

FY 2010 Budget Request 

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010* FY 2011* FY 2012* FY 2013* FY 2014*

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 3,299.4 3,905.5 3,963.1 6,076.6 6,028.5 5,966.5 6,195.3

 Constellation Systems 2,675.9 3,433.2 3,505.4 5,543.3 5,472.0 5,407.6 5,602.6

 Program Integration and Ops 610.4 645.5 642.5 1,423.9 1,405.4 1,501.5 1,813.9

 Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle 889.5 1,387.2 1,383.5 1,938.9 2,056.1 1,931.0 1,751.7

 Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle 1,030.5 1,067.4 1,415.4 2,143.3 1,985.5 1,950.1 2,012.0

 Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle 15.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

 Commercial Crew and Cargo 130.5 303.0 39.1 12.2 - - -

 Advanced Capabilities 623.5 472.3 457.7 533.3 556.5 558.9 592.7

 Human Research Program 149.6 151.9 151.5 151.9 157.4 161.4 166.2

 Exploration Technology Develop. 286.9 264.1 287.0 381.2 399.0 397.5 426.5

 Lunar Precursor Robotic Pgm 187.1 56.3 19.1 0.2 0.1

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 3,143.1 3,500.5 3,737.7 7,048.2 7,116.8 7,666.8 -

 Constellation Systems 2,471.9 3,048.2 3,252.8 6,479.5 6,521.4 7,080.5 -

 Advanced Capabilities 671.1 452.3 484.9 568.7 595.5 586.3 -

Total Change from FY2009 President's 

Budget Request 156.3 405.0 225.4 -971.6 -1,088.3 -1,700.3

 *Following the human spaceflight review, the Administration will provide an updated request for 

 Exploration activities reflecting the review's results. FY 2010 and outyear funding levels for Exploration 

 activities shown here represent the budget request if there were no changes to ongoing activities.

EXP-2
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Theme Overview 

The Constellation Systems Theme, consisting of the Constellation Systems Program and the 

Commercial Crew and Cargo Program, aims to develop capabilities to transport humans to the 

Moon and back, as well as to low Earth orbit, in a sustainable, safe, and affordable manner as the 

U.S. prepares for future missions to Mars and other destinations. 

Within the Constellation Program are four major project budgets: the Orion crew exploration vehicle, 

the Ares I launch vehicle designed to lift Orion to low Earth orbit, the Ares V launch vehicle to propel 

crew and support systems out of low Earth orbit, and Program Integration and Operations, which 

includes the systems to support ground and mission operations, extravehicular activity, a lunar 

lander, and lunar surface systems. 

After the Space Shuttle retires in 2010, resupply missions to the International Space Station will still 

be required. NASA's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program is in place to encourage private sector 

development of a cost-effective, U.S. commercial space transportation capability. At present, the 

Agency has two funded Space Act Agreement (SAA) partners: Space Exploration Technologies 

Corporation (SpaceX) of Hawthorne, CA, and Orbital Sciences Corporation of Dulles, VA, as well as 

unfunded SAA partnerships with PlanetSpace of Chicago, IL and SpaceDev of Poway, CA. 

EXP-3
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Relevance 

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The U.S. Space Exploration Policy (NP-2004-01-334-HQ) commits the Nation to extend human 

presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in 

preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations. Congress then enacted the 

NASA Authorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-155), providing that the Agency "shall establish a 

program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor 

program, to promote exploration, science, commerce, and United States preeminence in space, 

and as a stepping-stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations." 

The Commercial Space Act of 1998 was implemented to stimulate the development of a 

commercial space industry in the United States. NASA's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program 

accomplishes this by awarding pre-determined funding for specific commercial demonstrations. 

Encouraging the growth of a new competitive market will help reduce launch costs and provide the 

Nation with safe, reliable and economical service to low Earth orbit. 

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

By developing new space transportation capabilities and supporting systems for human missions to 

the Moon and other destinations, NASA continues to pioneer the future of space exploration and 

scientific discovery. Specifically, through development of Orion and Ares I, the Constellation 

Program supports NASA Strategic Goal 4: "Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into service as 

soon as possible after Shuttle retirement." 

NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) project is an investment by NASA to 

spur development of a cost-effective, U.S. commercial capability to carry cargo to the ISS, with 

future options for transporting crew. The Commercial Crew and Cargo Program directly supports 

NASA Strategic Goal 5: "Encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging 

commercial space sector." See FY 2010 Performance Plan, under Management and Performance, 

for specific annual goals for this Theme. 

Relevance to education and public benefits:

As it has throughout NASA's history, human presence in space will continue to serve as a public 

symbol of the Nation's leadership in space exploration. The Agency's renewed efforts to leave low 

Earth orbit, and to explore the Moon and other destinations, will accelerate the development of 

technologies critical to the economy and national security, while providing a training ground for the 

next generation of scientists and engineers. Through existing contracts, NASA's exploration 

initiatives continue to nurture a strong aerospace industry; by enabling emerging enterprises to 

achieve commercial viability, U.S. technology sectors will expand, providing opportunities that will 

inspire the Nation's youth to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. 

EXP-4
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Performance Achievements Highlights: 

During FY 2008, Constellation concluded intensive reviews to determine whether defined 

requirements of key system elements were adequate to begin the design phase. Some hardware 

has now transitioned into hardware fabrication and test, including parachute, wind tunnel, and 

engine component testing. Ares I completed integrated launch vehicle design reviews in 

September, and the upper stage engine (J-2X) passed Critical Design Review, authorizing 

fabrication. Orion completed manufacture of the crew module for the first pad test of the launch 

abort system. 

Constellation also completed a lunar capability concept review to capture performance and cargo 

requirements of the lunar transportation system, the Ares V launch vehicle, and a lunar lander. The 

team considered five options for lunar surface systems, including surface elements, operations 

concepts, and nuclear and solar power systems. The review was carried out in parallel with Ares V 

and lander vehicle development, allowing real-time design refinement for the lunar outpost, 

including habitats, rovers, and other systems needed to live on the Moon for extended periods. 

J-2X tests continued to support upper stage engine development for Ares I and the Ares V Earth 

departure stage. In addition, Orion and Ares performed parachute drop tests in Yuma, AZ, and 

Orion initiated component testing of the launch abort system, successfully firing the jettison motor at 

the Aerojet facility in Sacramento, CA. Hardware manufacturing for Orion's first pad abort test was 

completed to meet a 2009 test launch. The Ares I-X demonstration flight is also on track to meet a 

mid-2009 launch, with hardware delivery to Kennedy Space Center underway. 

Major facility construction activity also took place, including launch control center firing room one 

renovation, and work on a new test stand needed to verify J-2X engine performance at altitude 

conditions. NASA has also begun renovation of the dynamic test stand to support the Ares I ground 

vibration test. 

The Commercial Crew and Cargo Program also made significant progress in 2008. SpaceX 

achieved all milestones on time, including successful completion of major design reviews for the 

first two missions, first stage integrated engine testing in November, and manufacture of the Dragon 

capsule qualification unit to support qualification in late 2008, early 2009. Activation of the Cape 

Canaveral launch site also progressed, with installation of primary ground systems required to 

support launch. 

Also in 2008, NASA entered into a funded SAA with Orbital Sciences Corporation, following a 

competitive selection process. Orbital completed major readiness and design reviews between 

June and October. 

EXP-5
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EXP-6
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Program Overview 

The U.S. Space Exploration Policy calls for a sustained and affordable exploration program to 

explore the solar system, including a return to the Moon by the end of the next decade, to establish 

a human presence there, and to open the path to other destinations including Mars. NASA's 

exploration activity is now in a period of transition, as the Agency works to complete the 

International Space Station and retire the Shuttle fleet by 2010, while developing the next 

generation of spacecraft to support human space flight. 

The Constellation Program is developing and testing a set of space exploration systems that 

includes the Orion crew exploration vehicle, the Ares I launch vehicle that is intended to propel 

Orion to low Earth orbit, and the Ares V, which is intended to carry a lunar lander to low Earth orbit 

to dock with Orion and deliver the crew and cargo to the Moon. These vehicle designs were 

conceived during the FY 2005 Exploration Systems Architecture Study, and have continued to 

undergo refinement as plans for a new space exploration transportation system take shape. 

For more information see http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/home/index.html 

EXP-7
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes 

The Constellation Program budget for FY 2010 is divided into four major funding areas: Program 

Integration and Operations, Orion, Ares I, and Ares V. No major configuration changes have taken 

place since the FY 2009 request, except as specifically noted. 

Program Integration and Operations 

Additional project activity is carried within the Program Integration and Operations budget, including 

development of ground and mission operations, extravehicular activity systems, the lunar lander, 

and lunar surface systems. 

Ground operations systems provide support to vehicle processing, mission planning, crew training, 

launch, flight control, and crew and return vehicle recovery. Systems include launch site ground 

processing, integrated testing, logistics services, and launch services for Orion, Ares I, Ares V, 

lunar lander, and cargo; post landing, recovery and de-integration services for the Orion crew 

module and cargo, including search and rescue; and Orion refurbishment and maintenance. Also 

included are post-landing and recovery services for the Ares I first stage and Ares V boosters, as 

well as facilities, equipment, and software required to perform these tasks. 

Mission operations systems include the mission control center in Houston and its interfaces with the 

flight systems for flight operations; crew and flight controller training facilities; mission planning and 

flight design tools; personnel for planning, training, and flight operations; and mission operations 

facilities development and maintenance. 

The extravehicular activity (EVA) system and flight crew equipment provide the elements necessary 

to protect crew members, allowing them to work effectively in pressure and thermal environments 

that exceed human capability. EVA includes the pressure suits, life support systems, umbilicals, 

tools and mobility aids, vehicle interfaces, servicing equipment, suit avionics, individual crew 

survival equipment, and ground support systems. Flight crew equipment includes items interior to 

the spacecraft for use by the crew, such as restraint and mobility aids, tools, and stowage items. 

Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle 

The Orion Project (currently in formulation) is responsible for developing NASA's next-generation 

piloted spacecraft. For missions to the Moon, Orion is designed to carry up to four astronauts to low 

Earth orbit, where it will link up with a lunar lander for the trip to lunar orbit. It also will be capable of 

ferrying up to four astronauts (plus additional cargo) to and from the International Space Station 

(ISS). Orion consists of a crew module, a service module, a spacecraft adapter, and a launch abort 

system, which will transport crew and cargo to orbit and back, and also serve as a crew rescue 

vehicle while docked at the ISS. The Orion spacecraft will be used in all phases of the Program. 

Additional detail can be found in the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Project section of this 

document. 

EXP-8
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle 

The mission of the Ares I (currently in formulation) is to deliver a safe, reliable, and affordable 

launch system that supports the Nation's space exploration goals. Ares I is the launch vehicle for 

Orion, and provides transportation to low Earth orbit. It consists of a 5-segment solid rocket booster 

first stage, and a cryogenic liquid hydrogen/oxygen fueled upper stage, consisting of a structural 

tank assembly and a J-2X engine. The first stage is reusable, and the upper stage is discarded after 

Orion has separated during ascent. Ares I will deliver crew to the International Space Station and to 

low Earth orbit for missions to the Moon. 

Additional detail can be found in the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle Project section of this document. 

Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle 

Ares V (currently in formulation) is designed to provide the heavy lift capability for the Constellation 

architecture. The vehicle consists of a 6-engine core stage, two five-and-half segment solid rocket 

boosters, and an Earth departure stage (EDS) powered by a restartable J-2X engine. The EDS 

serves as the vehicle's second stage, and is key to injecting the lunar lander and EDS stack into the 

low Earth orbit staging for rendezvous and dock with Orion. After the EDS performs the trans-lunar 

Injection burn for the lander and Orion, it will be jettisoned. 

Implementation Schedule 

EXP-9
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Program Management 

Projects within the Constellation Program reside at Johnson Space Center (Orion, extra-vehicular 

activity, mission operations), Marshall Space Flight Center (Ares I and Ares V) and Kennedy Space 

Center (ground operations). Program management responsibility is located at Johnson Space 

Center. 

Acquisition Strategy 

Constellation's implementation approach is based on the Agency's goal to balance competition with 

the health of NASA institutions. Competition is used as a tool to promote best approaches and 

solutions, and to encourage innovation and efficiency, with the constraint that competition should 

not undercut the essential competency of the NASA organization. 

The acquisition strategy for Constellation includes a combination of sole source and full and open 

competition opportunities; the overall goal, however, is to maximize competition whenever possible. 

To date, the only sole source contracts awarded are related to the Ares I project, which include 

development activities for the reusable solid rocket motor first stage and J-2X upper stage engine. 

These sole source contracts were awarded because no other providers were available for the 

capabilities identified by NASA. For example, ATK-Thiokol was awarded the Ares I first stage 

contract because they are the only provider in the Nation that can manufacture solid rocket motors 

of the size needed for the Ares I. The J-2X sole source contract was awarded to Pratt Whitney 

Rocketdyne, because they are the designers of the J-2 and J-2S engines from which the J-2X 

evolves. 

All other contracting activities for Constellation have been, and will be, awarded through full and 

open competition. Competitive contracts awarded to date include the Orion development contract to 

Lockheed Martin, the manufacturing contract for the Ares I upper stage to the Boeing Company, 

and the Ares I upper stage instrument unit avionics production contract to the Boeing Company. 

The extravehicular activity systems contract will be awarded by mid-2009 through full and open 

competition. The Program continues to develop its integrated acquisition strategy for ground and 

mission operations projects, as well as the follow-on production contracts for Orion and Ares I, and 

development contracts for lunar capability. 

EXP-10
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project in Formulation: Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle

Project Purpose 

For missions to the Moon, Orion will carry up to four astronauts to low Earth orbit, where it will link 

up with a lunar surface access module for the trip to lunar orbit. The access module will descend to 

the Moon's surface while Orion orbits, awaiting its return. At the conclusion of the surface mission, 

the two vehicles will rendezvous and Orion will transport the astronauts back to Earth, where the 

capsule will re-enter the atmosphere and descend on parachutes. 

Orion will also have the capability to service the International Space Station (ISS). The vehicle will 

be capable of transporting up to four crew to and from the ISS, and remaining docked for up to six 

months as a rescue return vehicle. 

For more information, please visit: 

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/index.html 

Project Preliminary Parameters 

Orion will be a five meter-diameter vehicle, capable of transporting four astronauts to the Moon and 

to the ISS, then returning them safely to Earth. The combined crew and service modules will 

provide power, life support, and propulsion for rendezvous, orbit correction, and de-orbit. In the 

event of a launch mishap, a launch abort system will separate the crew module from the launch 

vehicle and deliver the crew to safety. A thermal protection system will protect the crew during reentry, and the vehicle is designed to provide for a safe landing nominally on water, and for 

contingencies on land. 

Estimated Project Deliverables

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request 

FY 2010 PB 

Request 

Crew Module 

Lockheed-Martin (Prime 

Contractor Selected 

August 2006) 

Piloted vehicle Crew of 6 to ISS Crew of 4 to ISS

Service Module 

Lockheed-Martin (Prime 

Contractor Selected 

August 2006) 

Provides power, 

propulsion, and other 

support services for the 

Crew Module 

same same 

Launch Abort System 

Lockheed-Martin (Prime 

Contractor Selected 

August 2006) 

Separates Crew Module 

from launch vehicle in the 

event of a launch mishap 

same same 

EXP-11
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project in Formulation: Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle

Estimated Project Schedules 

Preliminary design review for Orion is planned for the 4th quarter of FY 2009. 

Project Management 

Orion is managed by the Orion Project Office located at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, 

with support from Langley Research Center in Virginia and Glenn Research Center in Ohio. 

 Acquisition Strategy 

The contract for Schedule A Orion design, development, test, and evaluation was awarded to 

Lockheed Martin in August 2006. Optional Schedules B and C, for additional production, sustaining 

engineering and lunar development, are also part of the contract. Lockheed Martin's subcontractors 

include Hamilton Sundstrand, Honeywell, Orbital Sciences Corporation, and United Space Alliance. 

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners 

Crew Module Orion Project Office and 

Crew Module Office, JSC JSC None 

Service Module 

Orion Project Office and 

Crew Module Office, JSC; 

Service Module Office, GRC 

GRC None 

Launch Abort System 

Orion Project Office, JSC; 

Launch Abort System 

Office, LaRC 

LaRC None 

EXP-12
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project in Formulation: Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

Project Purpose 

The mission of the Ares I project is to deliver a safe, reliable, and affordable crew launch system 

that expands America's scientific reach through space exploration, dedicated to enabling human 

trips to the Moon, Mars and other destinations beyond low Earth orbit. An integral part of the 

Constellation Program, Ares I is currently scheduled for operation no later than 2015. 

Ares I is designed to provide the launch capability for a versatile transportation system to carry crew 

to low Earth orbit for exploration missions to the Moon and other destinations in the solar system, 

as well as delivering crew and cargo to the International Space Station after the Shuttle retirement. 

The Ares I design utilizes NASA heritage systems, with a modified Space Shuttle solid rocket 

booster as the first stage, and a clean sheet design upper stage, using a J-2X engine derived from 

the J-2, which was flown on the Saturn launch vehicle. 

During the first two minutes of flight, the first stage booster will power the vehicle to an altitude of 

about 190,000 feet and a speed of Mach 5.7. After its propellant is spent, the reusable booster will 

separate, and the upper stage's J-2X engine with 294,000 pounds of thrust, will ignite and power 

the crew vehicle to an altitude of ~80.6 miles. At that point, the upper stage will separate, and 

Orion's service module propulsion system will complete the trip to a circular orbit. 

For more information, please visit: 

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/aresl/index.html 

Project Preliminary Parameters 

The Ares I is a two-stage series-burn launch vehicle with interfaces for the Orion capsule and the 

ground systems at the launch site. Ares I hardware elements include the first stage, upper stage, 

and upper stage engine. The first stage is a 5-segment reusable solid rocket motor that utilizes 

polybutadiene acrylonitrile propellant. The second, or upper stage, is a self-supporting cylindrical 

system that houses the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen tanks that feed propellant to the J-2X 

engine, along with the vehicle's avionics, roll control, and the upper stage thrust vector control 

system. 

Ares I will be able to lift an estimated 50,000 pounds to low Earth orbit for International Space 

Station (ISS) missions, and 56,000 pounds for exploration missions. Utilizing Constellation's 

Orion/Ares I configuration will provide a significant improvement in crew safety relative to the Space 

Shuttle, due to its in-line design and launch abort system for crew escape. 

EXP-13
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project in Formulation: Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

Estimated Project Deliverables 

The Ares I project is intended to address Constellation Program requirements by developing safe, 

affordable, and sustainable launch systems to support human exploration missions. The initial 

operational capability for Ares I is currently scheduled for no later than March 2015, with the first 

unmanned test flight planned no earlier than August 2009. 

Estimated Project Schedule 

The Ares I project was authorized to proceed in September 2005; the Preliminary design Review 

was conducted in August, 2008. Critical Design Review is planned for March 2011. 

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request 

FY 2010 PB 

Request 

Vehicle Integration 

(VI) NASA (Gov't-led) 

Systems Engineering & 

Integration (SE&I) 

function for the Ares I 

Project 

Integrated Vehicle 

Systems 

Engineering & 

Integration (SE&I) 

Integrated Vehicle 

Systems 

Engineering & 

Integration (SE&I) 

First Stage ATK-Thiokol Initial phase of the launch 

ascent configuration 

Ares 1-X motor, 2 

demonstration 

motors (DMs), 2 

qualification motors 

3 flight test motors 

Added DM 3 and 

DM 4 to DDT&E 

contract 

Upper Stage engine Pratt & Whitney 

Rocketdyne 

Propulsion source for 

second phase of the 

launch ascent 

configuration 

6 development 

engines, 2 

certification 

engines 

Added 38 sea level 

tests, 27 altitude 

tests,1 test eng, 4 

sets of long lead 

h/w, & 1 

unassembled eng 

Upper Stage 

NASA-led 

design/Boeing 

production 

Ares I second stage 

propellant tank and 

support systems (MPS, 

avionics, etc.) 

Includes 3 test 

flight units, 6 flight 

units, & up to 4 

additional flight 

units/year in yrs 

2014-16 

Additional Roll 

Control System 

Support 

Flight and Integrated 

Test NASA (Gov't-led) 

Includes activation and 

test development 

capabilities required to 

test Ares system 

Includes Integrated 

Vehicle Ground 

Vibration Test, 

managing Ares 

Projects activities 

for Ares I-X 

Includes Integrated 

Vehicle Ground 

Vibration Test, 

managing Ares 

Projs activities for 

Ares I-X 

EXP-14
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Constellation Systems Program

Project in Formulation: Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

Project Management 

The Ares I Project Office located at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL has project 

management responsibility for Ares I. 

Acquisition Strategy 

The Ares I launch vehicle will be developed using a combination of NASA and contractor effort. 

NASA is responsible for overall Ares I vehicle integration, while individual element strategies and 

responsibilities are outlined below. 

 The first stage, derived from the Space Shuttle reusable solid rocket motor, was selected as a noncompetitive acquisition, performed by Alliant Techsystems Inc. under a cost plus award fee 

contract. 

J-2X upper stage engine was selected as a non-competitive acquisition, performed by Pratt & 

Whitney Rocketdyne under a cost plus award fee contract. The J-2X predecessors from which the 

J2X will be derived (J-2 and J-2S, designed and built by Pratt & Whitney) are the exclusive property 

of NASA. The Agency's decision to select the J-2X engine in effect selected the contractor as well. 

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center leads the team responsible for upper stage design, 

development, test and evaluation (DDT&E) efforts and, therefore, owns the upper stage design. 

Additionally, NASA is designing the instrument unit and is responsible for DDT&E efforts related to 

Ares I avionics. The instrument unit avionics production and the upper stage production were 

awarded via full and open competition to the Boeing Company; both contracts are cost plus award 

fee. 

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners 

Vehicle Integration 

Ares Project Office at 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center None 

First Stage 

Ares Project Office at 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center None 

Upper Stage 

Ares Project Office at 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center None 

Upper Stage Engine 

Ares Project Office at 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center None 

Flight and Integrated Test 

Ares Project Office at 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center 

Marshall Space Flight 

Center None 

EXP-15
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EXP-16
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Commercial Crew Cargo

Program Overview 

One of NASA's strategic goals is to encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the 

emerging commercial space sector. The Agency's major activity in this area is the Commercial 

Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) effort, overseen by the Commercial Crew and Cargo 

Program. Rather than developing a system that could be operated by NASA or its contractors, this 

Program is aimed at encouraging the development of commercial space transportation services and 

an associated market, with multiple suppliers and customers. NASA would be one of these 

customers, purchasing transportation services on the open market. 

This effort is being executed in two phases. The first is a period of private industry development and 

demonstration of the various space transportation capabilities to and from low Earth orbit 

determined to be most desirable for government and other customers. During this phase, NASA is 

providing $500 million of seed capital and technical assistance to promising space firms via funded 

and unfunded Space Act Agreements (SAA) to stimulate the commercial space transportation 

market. These COTS partners are to demonstrate capabilities that can be used for ISS resupply: 

Capability A, delivery of unpressurized cargo; Capability B, delivery of pressurized cargo; and 

Capability C, delivery and return of cargo to and from orbit. The second phase is a competitive 

procurement of orbital transportation services to supply ISS, and is the responsibility of the Space 

Operations Mission Directorate. In addition, with Recovery act funding in FY 2009, NASA initiated 

development activities to enable future commercial crew launches to the ISS. 

The Space Act Agreements NASA has in place with the COTS partners are written to maximize the 

flexibility of private development efforts. Partners are paid when the Agency certifies that they have 

passed a series of discrete developmental milestones; if they fail to make progress, they are not 

paid. Government requirements are kept to a minimum, and are only concerned with assuring safe 

interaction with the ISS. The partners are not required to follow the standard NASA Program and 

Project Management Processes and Requirements, NPR 7120.5. Rather, the relationship is 

intended to encourage innovation and allow partners to use alternatives to the standard NASA 

program management approaches, while still being held accountable for safety and ISS visiting 

vehicle requirements that NASA would impose were that partner being utilized for commercial 

transportation services. 

In addition to providing a conduit for funding, the Commercial Crew and Cargo Program coordinates 

the COTS Advisory Team, made up of over 100 technical experts located throughout NASA. 

Funded and unfunded partners can utilize these experts as necessary; if a partner requires 

extensive assistance, NASA helps them arrange reimbursable agreements with NASA centers to 

acquire the expertise they need. 

Plans for FY 2010 

SpaceX is currently planning to perform demonstration missions 2 and 3 during FY 2010, aimed at 

validating their capability to provide cargo transportation to and from the ISS. Orbital is planning to 

start service module and launch vehicle assembly during FY 2010, with a demonstration flight 

scheduled for FY 2011. If all goes according to the current schedule for both partners, NASA will 

have commercial cargo resupply capability to the Space Station. 

In FY 2010, the Program will continue to execute the funded Space Act Agreements signed with 

EXP-17
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Commercial Crew Cargo

SpaceX in August 2006 and Orbital Sciences Corporation in February 2008, and the unfunded 

agreements signed in FY 2007 and subsequent. Currently, there is no budget or final acquisition 

strategy for Capability D (crew transport). However NASA will be applying Recovery Act funds to 

stimulate efforts within the private sector to develop and demonstrate human spaceflight 

capabilities. The activities supported through Recovery Act funding will help support enhanced 

technical activities to meet current objectives and milestones, which include development of 

commercial crew transportation enabling technologies and capabilities, acceleration of the ISS 

docking system and communications interface, testing and enhancement of cargo launch systems 

to improve reliability of commercial crew capabilities, and human rating requirements development.

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes 

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) 

The Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) partner agreements are not projects by 

the standard NASA definition of the term, but individual firms that have entered into Space Act 

Agreements with the Agency. "Funded partners" are those receiving progress payments and 

technical assistance from NASA, while "unfunded partners" receive technical assistance, but are 

not paid. 

NASA's funded COTS partners are SpaceX, of Hawthorne CA, and Orbital Sciences Corporation of 

Dulles, VA. 

SpaceX is developing new launch vehicles with the goal of providing reliable, globally cost 

competitive U.S. space transportation capabilities. Their Falcon 9 launch vehicle is an evolution of 

their clean sheet design of the Falcon 1 launch vehicle. Their "Dragon" spacecraft and launch 

vehicle are being designed for either cargo or crew transport. Both launch vehicle and spacecraft 

offer flexible configurations based on mission requirements, and are currently planned to be 

recoverable for refurbishment and reuse. SpaceX has chosen Cape Canaveral's launch complex 40 

as the site for their launches, with the first ISS demonstration flight planned for completion by May 

2010. For Phase 1, SpaceX will demonstrate cargo transportation Capabilities A-C. Additionally, 

SpaceX currently has an unfunded SAA option to demonstrate Capability D. 

Orbital Sciences Corporation is developing a launch system concept comprised of a Taurus II 

launch vehicle, a new medium class booster using two Aerojet AJ-26 engines and an ATK Castor 

30 second stage. Taking advantage of heritage systems, Orbital will use a standard service module 

derived from the STAR and Dawn spacecraft for all missions and the pressurized cargo module will 

be based on the ISS multi-purpose logistics module. The Wallops Flight Facility will serve as 

Orbital's launch site for an ISS demonstration flight, currently scheduled for March 2011. For Phase 

1, Orbital will demonstrate cargo transportation Capability B. 

In addition, NASA has unfunded Space Act Agreements with PlanetSpace of Chicago, IL and 

SpaceDev of Poway, CA. 

EXP-18
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Commercial Crew Cargo

Program Commitments 

Program Management 

The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office (C3PO), located at the Johnson Space Center, is 

responsible for implementing the Program in support of the U.S. Space Exploration Policy. 

Acquisition Strategy 

The Commercial Crew and Cargo Program is being implemented through the COTS projects in two 

phases. The first is being carried out via Space Act Agreements (SAA), while the second will 

employ standard NASA procurements. The Agency is using its Space Act authority to enter into the 

funded agreements, which will result in Earth-to-orbit space flight demonstrations of any 

combination of the following capabilities: 

- Capability A: External (unpressurized) cargo delivery and disposal 

 - Capability B: Internal (pressurized) cargo delivery and disposal 

 - Capability C: Internal (pressurized) cargo delivery and return 

 

Demonstrations will culminate in cargo transportation missions to/from the ISS. 

SAAs with the funded COTS partners are different from traditional NASA development contracts, as 

they are firm fixed-price arrangements providing a detailed record of pre-negotiated performance 

milestones and fixed payment schedule to be made upon successful completion of each milestone. 

Failure to meet a milestone can lead to termination of the SAA, after consultation with the partner. 

Unfunded partners have similar relationships and agreements with NASA, but do not receive 

milestone payments. They participate through the COTS Advisory Team in order to draw on NASA 

technical knowledge, and the Agency acknowledges their progress. 

Project Management 

Responsibility 

NASA Center 

Performers 

Cost-Sharing Partners 

Commercial Crew & Cargo 

COTS Partners 

Johnson Space Center 

will manage the effort 

Technical support 

from all NASA 

centers as needed 

Funded partners: SpaceX and Orbital 

Sciences Corporation. Unfunded 

SAAs signed with: SpaceDev, and 

Planetspace. 

Commitment/Output 

FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from

FY 2009 PB Request

Two successful demonstration flights by 

SpaceX for unpressurized and pressurized 

cargo. 

COTS Projects Realignment of SpaceX Demo 

Flight Milestones; Addition of 

Orbital Sciences as the second 

funded partner

EXP-19
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Constellation Systems

Program: Commercial Crew Cargo

NASA also has an option to exercise a Capability D, which would consist of one or more missions 

to low Earth orbit and the ISS as necessary to satisfy the Agency's human rating requirements for 

future NASA crew transportation missions. While this option is not currently funded, NASA will be 

applying Recovery Act funds to stimulate efforts within the private sector to develop and 

demonstrate human spaceflight capabilities. The activities supported through Recovery Act funding 

will help support enhanced technical activities to meet current objectives and milestones, which 

include development of commercial crew transportation enabling technologies and capabilities, 

acceleration of the ISS docking system and communications interface, testing and enhancement of 

cargo launch systems to improve reliability of commercial crew capabilities, and human rating 

requirements development.. 

EXP-20
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Theme Overview 

The Advanced Capabilities Theme is composed of Exploration Technology Development (ETDP), 

Human Research (HRP), and the Lunar Precursor Robotics Program (LPRP). Effort within these 

programs is geared to provide advanced technologies and knowledge to implement the U.S. Space 

Exploration Policy through the use of ground and space flight activities. 

ETDP provides new technologies that will enable NASA to conduct future human missions and 

reduce risk and lifecycle cost. Primary customers for this effort are the designers and developers of 

flight systems in the Constellation Program. ETDP investments reduce the risk of infusing new 

technologies into flight projects by maturing them to the level of demonstration in a relevant 

environment, in time to support the Preliminary Design Review of the target flight system. 

HRP investigates and mitigates the highest risks to astronaut health and performance in support of 

NASA exploration missions. The Program's primary goal is to develop and provide human health 

and performance countermeasures, knowledge, technologies, and tools to enable safe, reliable and 

productive human space exploration. 

LPRP includes the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing 

Satellite (LCROSS) spacecraft, which are scheduled to launch in June 2009. LRO's topographic 

mapping, resource identification and mapping, and radiation characterization is important to 

Constellation efforts to return humans to the Moon by 2020. Data from these activities will be 

integrated by a lunar mapping and modeling activity and will support astronaut safety, landing site 

selection, and engineering requirements for lunar surface hardware. LCROSS will gather 

information about volatiles, possibly including water ice, in permanently shadowed polar craters. 

EXP-21
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs: 

In accordance with the U.S. Space Exploration Policy (NP-2004-01-334-HQ), the Advanced 

Capabilities Theme provides the knowledge, technology, and innovation that will enable current and 

future exploration missions. As astronauts journey to the Moon and beyond, they will be exposed to 

microgravity, radiation, and isolation for long periods of time. Keeping crews physically and mentally 

healthy and productive during such long-duration missions will require new technologies and 

capabilities. NASA studies how the space environment, close quarters, heavy workloads, and long 

periods of time away from home contribute to physical and psychological stresses, and will develop 

technologies that can prevent or mitigate these effects. The Agency pursues innovative ways to 

meet the basic needs of oxygen, water, food, and shelter with exploration systems that can operate 

dependably for weeks on the Moon, and eventually, for months on Mars. 

The Advanced Capabilities Theme uses the International Space Station (ISS) as a research and 

technology demonstration location, supporting ISS's designation as a national laboratory. NASA 

leverages the microgravity environment of the facility to conduct human, life and microgravity 

research, demonstrate countermeasures to maintain human health and performance during 

exploration missions, and demonstrate vital technologies in the space environment. 

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals: 

Advanced Capabilities activity supports NASA's mission to pioneer the future in space exploration 

and scientific discovery by acquiring new and vital knowledge and by identifying, developing, and 

transitioning new technologies that enable the systems concepts and capabilities needed to expand 

and sustain human presence in space. The Advanced Capabilities Theme supports the following 

Agency Strategic Goals: 

Strategic Goal 2: "Complete the International Space Station in a manner consistent with NASA's 

International Partner commitments and the needs of human exploration". The Advanced 

Capabilities Theme supports this goal with continued delivery and operation of scientific payloads 

and research facilities on the ISS in order to conduct biological and physical research support. 

Strategic Goal 3: "Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics 

consistent with the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration." Activities 

in the areas of life support, environmental monitoring, and ground and flight research, which help 

reduce the probability and consequences of adverse human health effects for long-duration space 

missions, support this goal. 

Strategic Goal 4: "Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into service as soon as possible after 

shuttle retirement." Efforts related to thermal protection systems, carbon dioxide and moisture 

removal amine system technology, and development of habitability standards support Goal 4. 

Strategic Goal 6: "Establish a lunar return program having the maximum possible utility for later 

missions to Mars and other destinations." ESMD supports this goal by developing the LRO and 

LCROSS to provide information about potential human exploration sites on the Moon. 

See FY 2010 Performance Plan, under Management and Performance, for specific annual goals for 

this Theme. 

EXP-22
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Relevance to education and public benefits: 

Programs within the Advanced Capabilities Theme support educational outreach activity at K-12, 

undergraduate, and graduate levels. NASA's Fit Explorer project trains students (in grades 3 

through 5) like astronauts by completing physical activities modeled after the real-life physical 

requirements of humans traveling in space. Students track their progress while recording goals, 

data, experiences and observations in a journal. Students also gain an understanding of the 

science behind nutrition and physical fitness by participating in structured hands-on activities that 

relate physical Earth-based needs to the requirements of exploring space. By providing ideas for 

Space Grant and Graduate Student Research Programs, NASA promotes educational opportunities 

for students at colleges and universities across the nation. 

To implement these programs, NASA will leverage the expertise of academia, government 

agencies, and industry to carry out research and development efforts. By advancing diverse, novel 

technologies through projects with non-traditional research partners, small businesses and others, 

public benefits will include new technologies such as power generation, communications, 

computing, robotics, and improved materials from space exploration research and execution for 

industry and general public use. 

In addition, HRP will further advance medical knowledge and diagnostic and treatment technologies 

NASA uses to keep humans healthy and productive in space, improving the medical treatment and 

health of humans on Earth. Research into human adaptation to microgravity has helped scientists 

better understand changes that come with aging, such as bone loss, muscle atrophy, and loss of 

balance. NASA-developed telemedicine technologies that help doctors on Earth monitor and treat 

astronauts in space through computer-assisted imaging and diagnostics, video, and 

telecommunications, will help deliver quality medical care to people in underserved areas of the 

world. 

EXP-23
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Performance Achievement Highlights: 

Programs within the Advanced Capabilities Theme accomplished significant milestones in FY08. 

The HRP reduced the probability and consequences to the health of humans in long-term space 

environment exposure for the following biomedical risks: inability to adequately treat an ill or injured 

crew member; compromised EVA performance and crew health due to inadequate EVA suit 

systems; inadequate nutrition; and, space radiation exposure. As part of an operational evaluation, 

renal stone countermeasure experiments have been completed on the ISS and reports published at 

the ISS science website. The final report for NASA internal use was delivered in September 2008. 

HRP also completed the EVA human-suit interface requirements to avoid biomechanical injury, 

support metabolic thermal load, and minimize risk of decompression sickness; an Antarctic study on 

efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in an Antarctic ground analog of space flight; development of 

computational tools and models to assess crew exploration vehicle design for radiation protection; 

and, the risk model for acute radiation sickness. 

The LRO project successfully met the critical milestones for the performance period. Both the LRO 

and LCROSS spacecraft have been delivered to the launch site and are on-track for June 2009 

launch. 

ETDP demonstrated a proof-of-concept small pressurized rover for transporting astronauts. 

Spacesuits attached to exterior of rover cabin via suit-port interface allowed crew to perform rapid 

EVA. The Program also performed end-to-end testing of two proof-of-concept in-situ resource 

utilization (ISRU) systems for producing oxygen from lunar regolith which allowed for a systems 

level demonstration of the excavation, mobility and the reactor systems. The Scarab rover with onboard sampling drill and ISRU package designed to prospect for ice in lunar craters was also used 

as a part of this test. 

ETDP tested a deep throttling liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen rocket engine for the lunar lander 

descent stage, as well as performed a human-in-the-loop test of the prototype carbon dioxide and 

moisture removal system for Orion. Development of this system for both moisture and carbon 

dioxide removal eliminates the need for a condensing heat exchanger. A flash lidar sensor for 

autonomous landing and hazard avoidance system was tested on a helicopter. 

The Program also launched the "electronic nose" instrument for monitoring atmospheric 

contaminants as an example of development and deployment of advanced monitoring technologies 

on the ISS. Additional activity included delivery of the combustion integrated rack microgravity 

research facility to the ISS, offering the capability to conduct fundamental and applied research in 

combustion sciences. 

For more information, see Strategic Goals 2, 3 (Sub-goal 3F), 4 and 6 in the FY 2008 Annual 

Performance Report, included in this budget. 

EXP-24
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Human Research Program

Program Overview 

The Human Research Program (HRP) is focused on investigating and mitigating the highest risks to 

human health and performance to enable safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration. 

Documents developed by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate and Constellation Program 

provide mission architecture definitions, mission concepts of operations, vehicle, habitat, and space 

suit performance requirements, and other technical information needed to focus HRP efforts for 

specific exploration missions. HRP conducts research, develops countermeasures, and undertakes 

technology development to inform and support compliance with NASA's health, medical, human 

performance, and environmental standards. 

HRP activities are designed to: 

-Develop capabilities, necessary countermeasures, and technologies in support of human space 

exploration, focusing on mitigating the highest risks to crew health and performance. 

-Enable the definition and improvement of human spaceflight medical, environmental, and human 

factors standards. 

-Develop technologies that serve to reduce medical and environmental risks, to reduce human 

systems resource requirements (mass, volume, power, data, etc.) and to ensure effective humansystem integration across exploration mission systems. 

-Ensure maintenance of Agency core competencies necessary to enable risk reduction in the areas 

of space medicine; physiological and behavioral effects of long duration spaceflight on the human 

body; space environmental effects, including radiation, on human health and performance; and 

space human factors. 

This Program supports performance goals that will: deliver a Human Interface Design Handbook for 

use in designing exploration vehicles; deliver and publish an initial version of the acute radiation risk 

projection model for lunar missions; and deliver a device for launch to the ISS to test the technology 

of producing medical grade water on a spacecraft. 

For more information, please see http://humanresearch.jsc.nasa.gov. 

EXP-25
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Human Research Program

Plans for FY 2010 

The ISS Medical Project (ISSMP) will provide planning, integration, and implementation services for 

HRP research tasks and evaluation activities requiring access to space or related flight resources 

on the ISS, Shuttle, Soyuz, Progress, or other spaceflight vehicles and platforms. It will support 

experiments during six-crew operation, develop alternative sample preservation techniques to 

reduce downmass requirements, and enable cooperative science with Russian collaborators. 

The Research Infusion projects will continue using the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at 

Brookhaven National Lab to evaluate the increased risk of cancer as a function of age, age at 

exposure, radiation quality, latency, and gender. These efforts will support more accurate prediction 

of risks and facilitate longer stays in space. In addition, space radiation research will increase 

efforts to evaluate central nervous system and degenerative tissue risks as well as develop 

computational tools to project health risks and evaluate vehicle designs for radiation protection. 

Ongoing technology activity will allow NASA to meet the level of care standards for space 

exploration missions including: medical kit requirements, medical-grade water production system, 

ventilation system that uses cabin oxygen instead of stored oxygen, capability to analyze blood and 

saliva-borne biomarkers, and tools for medical decision-making during exploration missions. 

Ground based analog models will be used to optimize human systems performance in the design of 

the Orion crew vehicle and other exploration systems; develop a permissible exposure limit for lunar 

dust, and develop food-packaging systems to ensure safe storage and delivery of food on long-term 

missions. 

HRP will also use ground-based analog and ISS flight-based studies to evaluate contributing factors 

to health or performance degradation, errors, or failures during critical mission operations. These 

studies will evaluate sleep loss and circadian rhythm, medication side effects, fatigue, team 

cohesion, and training protocols. Additional studies will be performed to reduce both the crew health 

risks during exploration missions and long-term health risks afterward, including cardiac structure 

and function, stability of pharmaceuticals and nutrients in a space environment, development of a 

food system that meets all nutrition requirements for long-duration missions, and bone 

demineralization monitoring techniques. 

The Program will also release two joint NASA/ National Space Biomedical Research Institute 

(NSBRI) research solicitations in support of space exploration, focused on health effects from space 

radiation and human physiological changes associated with exploration. NSBRI will also implement 

approximately sixty exploration-focused research grants. 

EXP-26
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Human Research Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes 

Research Infusion 

Activities within the Research Infusion projects include: space radiation; behavioral health and 

performance; exploration medical capability; space human factors and habitability; human health 

countermeasures; and, program science management/ NSBRI. 

Anti-oxidants represent a potential countermeasure for several human risks as documented in the 

research plan. Based on a focused anti-oxidant workshop, HRP funding has been leveraged by 

working with NIH through a joint anti-oxidant research solicitation. To facilitate negotiations and 

collaboration on a joint NIH/NASA anti-oxidant solicitation in 2010, funding to support human health 

countermeasures was required. 

ISS Medical Project 

The ISSMP includes current ISS biomedical research capabilities and on-orbit validation of next 

generation on-orbit equipment, medical operations, procedures, and crew training concepts. 

Efficient and effective utilization of the ISS is essential in meeting the objectives of the HRP. Activity 

in this area supports experiments during six-crew operation, develops alternative sample 

preservation techniques to reduce downmass requirements, and enables cooperative science with 

Russian collaborators. 

Program Management 

The Program is managed by the Human Research program office, located at the Johnson Space 

Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. 

Project Management 

Responsibility 

NASA Center 

Performers 

Cost-Sharing Partners 

Research Infusion Human Research 

Program Office - JSC 

JSC, LRC, ARC, 

GRC, KSC 

National Space Biomedical Research 

Institute, Department of Energy 

(Brookhaven National Laboratories), 

National Institutes of Health 

(University of Texas Medical Branch), 

Numerous National Universities 

ISS Medical Project Human Research 

Program Office - JSC 

JSC, KSC, ARC European Space Agency, Japanese 

Aerospace Exploration Agency, 

German Aerospace Center, 

Canadian Space Agency, Numerous 

National Universities 

EXP-27
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Human Research Program

Acquisition Strategy 

NASA Research Announcements (NRA) will be used to further efforts in human research. In FY 

2010, the Space Radiation NRA will focus on better understanding and reducing risks that crews 

could face from space radiation on exploration missions. The Joint NASA/NSBRI NRA to support 

crew health and performance in space exploration missions will focus on: bone loss; cardiovascular 

alterations; human performance factors, sleep, and chronobiology; muscle alterations and atrophy; 

neurobehavioral and psychosocial factors; nutrition, physical fitness, and rehabilitation; 

sensorimotor adaptation; smart medical systems; biomedical technology development; and lunar 

analog bed rest investigations. Directed research projects will focus on exercise, musculoskeletal, 

and cardiovascular countermeasures; behavioral health; immunology; nutrition; extravehicular 

activity physiology; food and drug stability; and space radiation health. 

EXP-28
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Exploration Technology Development

Program Overview 

The Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) develops new technologies that will 

enable NASA to conduct future human and robotic exploration missions, while reducing mission risk 

and cost. ETDP's primary customers are the designers of flight systems in the Constellation 

Program. By maturing new technologies to the level of demonstration in a relevant environment 

early enough to support a flight system's Preliminary Design Review (PDR), NASA can significantly 

reduce both cost and risk. ETDP is currently maturing near-term technologies to enable Orion IOC 

in 2015, and developing long-lead technologies needed for the lunar exploration missions no later 

than 2020. 

ETDP includes the International Space Station Research and the Technology Infusion projects. 

Space Station research includes ISS flight experiments, free-flyer experiments, and ground-based 

research that investigate the effects of microgravity on fluid physics, combustion, and fundamental 

biology for both exploration and non-exploration research. The Technology Infusion project was 

formulated to address the high priority technology needs for lunar exploration identified by the 

Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS). Content has evolved since that time to reflect 

better system requirements definition in the Constellation Program, and to incorporate new 

technology needs for the lunar outpost identified by the Lunar Architecture Team (LAT). 

To ensure that technology development is meeting mission requirements, technical performance 

goals have been established for all projects with the Constellation Program. Once technology 

products have reached the required level of maturity, the Constellation Program assumes 

management responsibility for inserting them into the design of its flight projects. 

For more information, please see http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/acd/technology_dev.html. 

Plans for FY 2010 

The ISS Research project will deliver two fluid physics and two life science payloads for launch to 

ISS, as well as conduct four microgravity research experiments on board ISS, and one life science 

experiment on a free-flyer (Bion M1). 

Technology Infusion activity will include evaluation of candidate filtration units for removal of lunar 

dust from the cabin atmosphere, as well as candidate technologies for carbon dioxide reduction; 

development of manufacturing concepts for 10-meter diameter composite structures for the Ares V 

launch vehicle; develop and test several candidate technologies for production of high pressure 

oxygen to recharge extra vehicular activity (EVA) portable life support systems; test a prototype 

main engine for a lunar lander ascent stage using liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellants; and 

demonstrate an autonomous hazard avoidance system for a lunar lander in a helicopter flight test, a 

prototype linear induction pump suitable for circulating liquid metal coolant through a 40 KW 

reactor, and the experimental on orbit operation of instruments that monitor air quality on the ISS. 

EXP-29
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Exploration Technology Development

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes 

Technology Infusion 

Activities in the Technology Infusion project include: structures, materials, and mechanisms; 

advanced composites technology; thermal protection systems; dust mitigation; propulsion and 

cryogenics advanced development; cryogenic fluid management; energy storage; thermal control; 

intelligent software design; automation for operations; high performance and radiation hardened 

electronics; autonomous landing and hazard avoidance technology; integrated systems health 

management; advanced environmental monitoring and control; fire prevention, detection, and 

suppression; exploration life support; EVA technologies; in-situ resource utilization; human robotic 

systems; fission surface power systems; mini-RF (miniature radio frequency); and surface power 

systems. 

Content was realigned to support technical capabilities, and reprioritized to support three high 

priority efforts to maintain critical capabilities in entry, descent, and landing; optical communications; 

and photovoltaic technology. Funding was transferred from the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program to 

ETDP to support lunar mapping and modeling. 

Work in advanced composites technology began in 2009 in response to new Ares V and lander 

requirements. In addition, technology demonstration of a lunar fission surface power system using a 

reactor simulator was delayed one year to FY 2013. 

ISS Research 

The ISS Research project performs fundamental microgravity research in biology, materials, fluid 

physics, and combustion using facilities on the International Space Station (ISS). It includes using 

the ISS as a test bed for exploration technology development, and non-exploration research that 

has been mandated by Congress to sustain U. S. capabilities in microgravity science. 

EXP-30
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Exploration Technology Development

Program Management 

The Program is managed by the Exploration Technology Development program office, located at 

the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. 

Acquisition Strategy 

All projects are managed at NASA Centers, which issue competitive contracts for research and 

development support. The ISS Research Project issues competitive NASA Research 

Announcements to select grants for microgravity research in life and physical sciences. 

Project Management 

Responsibility 

NASA Center 

Performers 

Cost-Sharing Partners 

Technology Infusion 

(Autonomous Landing & 

Hazard Avoidance 

Technology) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

JSC, LRC APL (Applied Physics Laboratory) 

ISS Research NASA Headquarters and 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

GRC, ARC, MSFC, 

KSC 

European Space Agency, Russian 

Space Agency 

Technology Infusion 

(Propulsion and Cryogenics 

Advanced Development) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

GRC , MSFC, JSC Northrop Grumman, Aerojet, Pratt & 

Whitney Rocketdyne 

Technology Infusion (In-Situ 

Resource Utilization) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

JSC, GRC, KSC Canadian Space Agency, Lockheed 

Martin, and NORCAT (Northern 

Centre for Advanced Technology) 

Technology Infusion 

(miscellaneous areas) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

LRC, GRC, ARC, 

JSC, JPL, MSFC, 

HQ, KSC, GSFC 

Technology Infusion (Human 

Robotic Systems) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

JSC, ARC, GRC, 

LRC, JPL, GSFC, 

KSC 

Michelin, MDA (MacDonald, Dettwiler 

and Associates Ltd.) 

Technology Infusion (Fission 

Surface Power Systems) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

GRC, MSFC, HQ Department of Energy 

Technology Infusion

(Advanced Composites 

Technology) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC LRC, GRC, ARC, 

MSFC 

Northrop Grumman, Boeing, ATK 

(Alliant Techsystems Inc.) 

Technology Infusion (High 

Performance and Radiation 

Hardened Electronics) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

MSFC, LRC, 

GSFC, JPL 

Sandia National Lab 

Technology Infusion (Energy 

Storage) 

ETD Program Office -

LRC 

GRC, JPL, JSC, 

KSC 

DARPA (Defense Advanced 

Research Projects Agency), ABSL 

(AEA Battery Systems, Ltd.) 

EXP-31
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EXP-32
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Lunar Precursor Robotic Program

Program Overview 

LPRP contains the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing 

Satellite (LCROSS) missions, which are currently scheduled for a June 2009 launch. The LCROSS 

mission will be completed with lunar impact in late 2009 with data analysis occurring through early 

2010. LRO will complete its primary Exploration mission by the fourth quarter of 2010, with data 

analysis occurring through early 2011. LRO management for the extended mission will transition to 

the Science Mission Directorate. Lunar mapping and modeling activities carried under LPRP will 

transition to ETDP, and the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program will be closed out. 

Plans for FY 2010 

In FY 2009, LRO and LCROSS completed instrument and subsystem integration and environmental 

testing, and are preparing to launch in June 2009. The LCROSS spacecraft will complete its flight 

mission in 2009 by impacting the lunar surface and investigating the possible presence of water in a 

permanently shadowed crater. Data analysis and closeout of the LCROSS project will occur in early 

2010. LRO's primary Exploration mission continues into the fourth quarter 2010, after which the 

mission will be managed by the Science Mission Directorate. 

EXP-33
Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

Theme: Advanced Capabilities

Program: Lunar Precursor Robotic Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes 

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) 

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter project consists of the two spacecraft, LRO and LCROSS. The 

LRO spacecraft is a lunar orbiter with six instruments and a technology demonstration payload, 

which will perform reconnaissance of the Moon in order to map and image the lunar surface, take 

high-resolution images of areas of interest, assess light, thermal, and radiation environments, and 

map resources. The LCROSS impactor and shepherding spacecraft, which are co-manifested with 

LRO on the same launch vehicle, will attempt to identify water in a permanently shadowed crater. 

Program Commitments 

Implementation Schedule 

Program Management 

The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program is managed at Marshall Space Flight Center; the LRO and 

LCROSS spacecraft are managed by project offices at Goddard Space Flight Center and Ames 

Research Center, respectively. 

Acquisition Strategy 

Acquisitions are completed. 

Commitment/Output 

FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from 

FY 2009 PB Request

Launch LRO/LCROSS mission in FY2009 LPRP/LRO No Change 

EXP-34
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) is responsible for providing mission critical space 

exploration services to both NASA customers and to other partners within the United States and throughout the 

world: flying the Space Shuttle to assemble the International Space Station (ISS); operating the ISS; ensuring 

safe and reliable access to space; maintaining secure and dependable communications between platforms 

across the solar system; and ensuring the health and safety of our Nation's astronauts. 







At the heart of SOMD is nearly half a century of experience at safely and reliably building, flying, and maintaining 

some of the world's most advanced and complex aerospace systems. The U.S. Space Exploration Policy and the 

NASA Strategic Plan recognize the role of the ISS as a unique orbital outpost for carrying out the scientific and 

engineering research needed for prolonged stays on the Moon and Mars. The lessons being learned during the 

construction and operation of the ISS are directly applicable to the challenges that may be faced by explorers on 

the lunar and Martian surfaces. 







Completing assembly of the ISS orbiting facility in a manner consistent with NASA's International partner 

commitments and the needs of human exploration will enable its full use. The Space Shuttle plays an important 

role as the only vehicle that can launch the remaining elements of the ISS and serve as a platform for joint 

human and robotic assembly operations at the ISS. SOMD is responsible for ensuring the safety and continued 

success of the Space Shuttle Program (SSP). Though the fleet of Space Shuttle orbiters will be retired once their 

role in ISS assembly is complete in 2010, portions of the Space Shuttle's legacy (including manufacturing 

facilities, ground operations equipment, launch pads, flight hardware, workforce skills, and experience) will be the 

foundation for the exploration vehicles being developed by the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate 

(ESMD). This budget provides for careful planning, optimized utilization, and responsive disposition of 

processes, personnel, resources, and real and personal property, focused upon leveraging legacy assets for 

Exploration programs' safety and mission success.







In addition to these high-profile programs, SOMD is also responsible for adhering to the U.S. Space 

Transportation Policy by ensuring that the critical infrastructure needed for space access and space 

communications is available to meet the needs of NASA's customers. The Launch Services Program (LSP) 

facilitates access to space by providing leadership, expertise and cost-effective launch services for NASA's 

Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) missions. The Rocket Propulsion Test (RPT) Program maintains NASA's 

wide variety of test facilities for use by both the Space Shuttle and Constellation Systems Programs. The Crew 

Health and Safety (CHS) Program ensures that NASA's astronauts are fully prepared for current and future 

missions. The Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program operates NASA's extensive network of 

terrestrial and orbiting communications nodes, as well as all of the associated hardware and software needed to 

pull down the terabytes of data generated by NASA's fleet of crewed vehicles and robotic spacecraft.







As the SSP comes to closure in 2010 with the accompanying completion of the ISS, there are a number of 

unique human spaceflight capabilities and facilities that have primarily supported the Space Shuttle and ISS 

assembly which NASA will sustain to support human space flight operations into the future. These capabilities 

are required for ongoing ISS operations and support of the Constellation program. 







In FY 2010, NASA is consolidating the funding for the Flight Crew Operations Directorate from ESMD and SOMD 

under the newly established Human Space Flight Operations (HSFO) Program. HSFO was established as a 

single integrated program that will consolidate capabilities in support of multiple human space flight programs. 

The projects that will be included in the future will be those deemed to be discrete multi-program functions that 

support the agency's Human Space Flight Operations required regardless of the vehicle being supported.

Overview

SPA-1
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS) 446.3 732.8 612.1 628.0 641.7 645.4 --

International Space Station 1,813.2 2,060.2 2,277.0 2,176.4 2,448.2 2,143.1 --

Space Shuttle 3,266.7 2,981.7 2,983.7 95.7 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

5,526.2 5,774.7 5,872.8 2,900.1 3,089.9 2,788.5 --

Space and Flight Support (SFS) 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9

International Space Station 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

Space Shuttle 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

5,427.2 5,764.7 6,175.6 3,663.8 3,485.3 3,318.6 3,154.8

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

-99.0 -10.0 302.8 763.7 395.4 530.1 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-2
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Major Changes:

None.

New Initiatives:

In FY 2010, the Space Flight Support theme has several major highlights for the Space Communications and 

Navigation program, the Launch Services program, and Human Space Flight Operation programs. The 

Space Communication and Navigation Program provides Deep Space Network sustainment, Space Network 

Ground Segment sustainment, and the Tracking and Data Relay Satellites K/L. Flexible and common 

communication technologies such as Software Defined Radio and antenna arraying are being pursued. The 

Optical Communications Flight Demonstration Project will continue to support the development of small and 

medium optical payloads for demonstration on three Near Earth flights in 2012, 2013, and 2016, with the 

overall goal to be suitable for deep space optical communications. The Launch Services Program will 

continue to work with alternative launch providers to fill the current gap in medium-class lift capability left by 

the retirement of the Delta II launch vehicle. The Human Space Flight Operations has been established to 

fund required multi-program capabilities which support the Space Shuttle Program and the International 

Space Station now as well the Constellation Program in the future.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

The Space and Flight Support theme will have two major changes in the FY 2010 budget. The first change is 

the transfer of Flight Crew operations from Constellation, Space Shuttle, and International Space Station 

programs to the newly created Human Space Flight Operations line item under the Space and Flight Support 

theme. The second change in the FY 2010 budget is an increase to the Space Communications and 

Navigation Program to continue the Optical Communications Flight Demonstration Project.

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Major Changes:

None.

None.

The FY 2010 budget completes assembly of the ISS, flying six missions to deliver hardware, supplies, and 

an international scientific laboratory to the ISS.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

New Initiatives:

International Space Station

Major Changes:

None.

New Initiatives:

In FY 2010, NASA will fly six Space Shuttle missions which will complete the Space Shuttle manifest. After 

twenty-eight years, 133 missions, over 650 days spent working in orbit, and over 500 million miles traveled in 

space, the Space Shuttle will be retired.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

The FY 2010 budget includes increases in FY 2011 and FY 2012 to reflect costs for both Shuttle Transition 

and Retirement along with severance and retention. This increase is a result of a comprehensive 

assessment conducted during the last year, and was accommodated in the existing budget.

Space Shuttle

Plans for FY 2010

Space Operations

SPA-3
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-4
Theme: Space Shuttle

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Space Shuttle Program 3,266.7 2,981.7 2,983.7 95.7 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 3,266.7 2,981.7 2,983.7 95.7 0.0 0.0 --

Space Shuttle Program 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 28.7 0.0 173.4 287.1 87.8 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Thirty-seven years ago, NASA was charged with developing the world's first reusable space 

transportation system, a vehicle capable of astonishing power and versatility that would revolutionize 

humanity's ability to operate regularly in near-Earth space. It was a breathtaking challenge, one that 

tested the technical leadership of the nation every bit as much as the Apollo Program, and one that 

was worthy of a nation bold enough to be the first to send its citizens beyond the cradle of the home 

planet. The result was the Space Shuttle, a vehicle that to this day remains the most advanced and 

capable aerospace system ever built. For twenty-eight years, the Space Shuttle has been the 

foundation of U.S. preeminence in space exploration. The Space Shuttle has carried more people 

(over 320) and more cargo (almost four million pounds) on more (and many different types), of 

missions than any other launch system in history. At the same time, two tragic accidents serve as a 

continuing reminder that while we have come far since the earliest days of the space program, the 

Space Shuttle is still a first-generation system, and flying in space remains at the absolute cutting 

edge of what is humanly possible. 







For the past eleven years, the full capabilities of the Space Shuttle have been applied to the mission 

for whom the system was originally conceived and uniquely designed - assembly of a large, advanced 

research station and technology test bed in low-Earth orbit. In FY 2010, that assembly mission, and 

with it one of the most extraordinary periods in the history of space exploration, will come to a close. 

As NASA prepares to retire the Space Shuttle, the Agency also continues to transition key workforce, 

technology, facilities, and operational experience from this remarkable vehicle to a new generation of 

safer, even more capable systems. Through these new systems, the legacy of the Space Shuttle will 

live on in future exploration missions that will also be essential for maintaining U.S. leadership in 

critical areas of advanced technology well into the twenty-first century.







For more information, please visit www.nasa.gov/shuttle.

Theme Overview

SPA-5
Theme: Space Shuttle

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

In FY 2010, NASA will complete assembly of the International Space Station with the last six flights planned 

for the Space Shuttle Program. Those missions will deliver the last of the U.S. pressurized elements (Node 

3/Cupola) as well as environmental control and life support equipment and hardware and logistics needed to 

safely support and fully utilize the International Space Station once the Space Shuttle is retired. Planning for 

the sixth flight in FY 2010 is to deliver and install the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer payload onto the 

International Space Station. At the same time, transition and retirement plans are in place or nearing 

completion for all Space Shuttle Program hardware elements as well as primary supporting Centers and all 

organizations with a substantial role in ensuring a safe and efficient phase-out of Space Shuttle Program 

capabilities. Significant sharing of workforce, facilities, and operational experience is already taking place 

between Space Shuttle Program and the Constellation Program, and will accelerate as major capabilities are 

made available once they are no longer needed to support safe Space Shuttle Program flyout.







Finally, after twenty-eight years, 133 missions, over 650 days spent working in orbit, and over 500 million 

miles travelled in space, the Space Shuttle will be retired.

Space Shuttle Program

Plans for FY 2010

SPA-6
Theme: Space Shuttle

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

The Space Shuttle Theme supports the achievement of NASA's Strategic Goal 1 that states "Fly the 

Shuttle safely as possible until its retirement, not later than 2010". The Space Shuttle provides the 

Nation's only capability for launching humans into Earth orbit and delivering the major elements of the 

ISS. The Space Shuttle is also forming a bridge between current and future operations. NASA is 

taking advantage of the remaining Space Shuttle flights to conduct detailed data collection and 

analysis of Shuttle systems in support of Constellation and commercial cargo design and 

development activities. These include installation of upgraded pressure transducers on the Space 

Shuttle solid rocket boosters to collect combustion and performance data relevant to Ares I 

development, measuring g-loads and vibration dynamics within the Shuttle crew cabin to assess crew 

performance for the Orion cockpit, modifying Space Shuttle tiles to measure boundary layer 

transitions at high-Mach numbers during re-entry, and demonstrating new ISS rendezvous and 

docking sensors being assessed by commercial cargo providers. While accomplishing these 

missions, Space Shuttle transition activities will be undertaken in a manner that, where necessary, 

safeguards the long-term viability of key U.S. technical capabilities.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

For twenty-eight years, the Space Shuttle has been the foundation of U.S. preeminence in advanced 

technology and space exploration. The Space Shuttle has carried more people (over 320) and more 

cargo (almost four million pounds) on more (and more different types of) missions than any other 

launch system in history. For the past eleven years, the full capabilities of the Space Shuttle have 

been applied to the mission for which the system was originally conceived and uniquely designed: 

assembly of a large, advanced research station in low-Earth orbit, one which can serve as a critical 

international research technology test bed for further missions out to the Moon, to Mars, and beyond. 

The Space Shuttle's final series of missions are essential to the completion of the ISS, a facility with 

potential for addressing essential national priorities like energy, the environment, education, 

international cooperation, and economic competitiveness. SSP is also a highly visible activity that 

promotes education in math, science, and engineering careers, which are critical to U.S. national 

security and the future of U.S. economic competitiveness.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

NASA's primary objective is to advance U.S. national scientific, security, and economic interests by 

ensuring the success of the Nation's exploration goals as enunciated in U.S. Space Exploration 

Policy. The next step in the U.S. Space Exploration Policy is to complete assembly of the 

International Space Station in a manner that meets NASA's exploration research needs and 

international commitments. The Space Shuttle is uniquely qualified to carry out this mission. At the 

same time, Space Shuttle transition activities will be undertaken in a manner that, where necessary, 

safeguards the long-term viability of key U.S. technical capabilities.

SPA-7
Theme: Space Shuttle

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Other NASA 

Advisory 

Council

04/2009 Provides independent guidance for the NASA 

Administrator. No recommendations were 

provided to SSP at this time.

07/2009

Other ASAP 04/2009 Provides independent assessments of safety to 

the NASA Administrator. In their 2008 Annual 

Report, the ASAP stated that they "strongly 

endorse the NASA position on not extending 

Shuttle operations beyond successful execution 

of the December 2008 manifest, completing the 

ISS". NASA will fly the Space Shuttle to 

complete the International Space Station and 

then retire the Shuttle in 2010.

07/2009

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Space Shuttle Program successfully completed four missions (STS-120, STS-122, STS-123, and STS

-124) in FY 2008. All primary mission objectives were completed.







Robust plans are in place or nearly complete to ensure a safe and smooth transition from Space 

Shuttle to Constellation in 2010. The NASA Transition Management Plan was updated in December 

2008, and documents the Agency-level processes, interfaces, and organizations responsible for 

managing the transition or retirement of Space Shuttle Program assets, capabilities, and workforce. 

Strategic real property management is tightly integrated between the Centers, programs, and 

Headquarters, with Space Shuttle Program and Constellation Program now regularly sharing major 

production and operations facilities at the Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, the Michoud Assembly 

Facility in Louisiana, Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, and the Kennedy Space Center in 

Florida. A comprehensive assessment of the more than 1.2 million line items of Space Shuttle 

Program personal property has been completed in preparation for transfer or disposal. Both these real 

and personal property assessments included determination of relevant environmental, export control, 

and historic preservation requirements. A Request for Information was released in November 2008 to 

solicit ideas for how interested organizations could support permanent display of Space Shuttle 

Orbiters and Main Engines once their primary missions were complete. Strategic workforce activities 

include sharing of civil servants and contractors between Space Shuttle and Constellation, providing 

assistance to employees displaced by the transition from Space Shuttle to Constellation, capitalizing 

on critical capabilities across all NASA Centers, conducting regular surveys of the human spaceflight 

workforce, promoting open communication, and providing regular updates to the Congress through the 

NASA Workforce Transition Strategy report. Space Shuttle missions have also provided Constellation 

Program with opportunities to gain essential vehicle performance data and conduct high-fidelity tests 

of critical systems in a number of areas, including solid rocket motor performance, ascent vibration 

loads, rendezvous and docking techniques, and boundary layer transition effects during re-entry.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SPA-8
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space Shuttle

Program: Space Shuttle Program

Flight Hardware 1,674.6 1,460.9 1,413.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Flight and Ground Operations 1,121.8 1,031.2 955.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Program Integration 470.3 489.6 614.8 95.7 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

3,266.7 2,981.7 2,983.7 95.7 0.0 0.0 --

Flight Hardware 1,653.9 1,460.9 1,443.9 121.3 16.0 0.0 0.0

Flight and Ground Operations 1,124.9 1,031.2 1,035.1 109.5 49.1 0.0 0.0

Program Integration 516.6 489.6 678.1 152.0 22.7 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

3,295.4 2,981.7 3,157.1 382.8 87.8 0.0 0.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 28.7 0.0 173.4 287.1 87.8 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-9
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space Shuttle

Program: Space Shuttle Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

Flight Operations assures the successful accomplishment of pre-flight planning, mission training, 

operations control activities, and life sciences operations support for each mission to efficiently and 

effectively meet our customer requirements. Flight operations funding also provides for the 

maintenance and operation of critical mission support facilities including the Mission Control Center, 

Integrated Training Facility, Integrated Planning System, and the Software Production Facility.







Ground Operations provides final integration and checkout of all hardware elements for launch. It 

also includes coordination with other government agencies and foreign entities for Shuttle landing 

capabilities. The major launch site operational facilities at the Kennedy Space Center include three 

Orbiter Processing Facilities, two launch pads, the Vehicle Assembly Building, the Launch Control 

Center and three Mobile Launcher Platforms. Ground operations support capability include launch 

countdown and landing for Shuttle missions. Ground support for Shuttle landing includes both the 

Kennedy Space Center and Edwards Air Force Base runways and multiple contingency landing sites 

in the United States and other countries. Ground Operations also includes the maintenance and 

operations of ground infrastructure to support launch and landing.







In FY 2010, NASA consolidated and transferred the Flight Crew Operations Directorate project 

funding to the Human Space Flight Office under the Space and Flight Support Theme. These 

capabilities include the training of crew members for all of NASA human space flight endeavors.

Flight and Ground Operations

The Program Integration budget includes the following: funds for flight software; system engineering, 

flight operations, and management integration; safety and mission assurance; business 

management; propulsion system integration; safety and sustainability; and all Shuttle support 

accounts that are performed for the Space Shuttle Program. Program Integration includes payload 

integration into the Space Shuttle and systems integration of the flight hardware elements through all 

phases of flight. It provides for the engineering analysis needed to ensure that payloads are safe and 

meet Space Shuttle interface requirements. Finally, Program Integration includes the necessary 

mechanical, aerodynamic and avionics engineering tasks to ensure that the launch vehicle can be 

safely launched, fly a safe ascent trajectory, achieve planned performance and descend to a safe 

landing.

Program Integration

SPA-10
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space Shuttle

Program: Space Shuttle Program

Space Shuttle Flight Hardware ensures the vehicle hardware and software are designed, developed, 

manufactured, and tested for safe and reliable transportation. Five major flight elements make up the 

Space Shuttle system: the Orbiter, the Space Shuttle Main Engines, the External Tank, the Reusable 

Solid Rocket Motors, and the Solid Rocket Boosters. 







The Orbiter, the winged vehicle that carries the payload and a crew of up to seven astronauts, is the 

principal element of the Space Shuttle system. Each Orbiter measures 122 feet long, 57 feet high, 

with a wingspan of 78 feet, and can carry approximately 35,000 to 41,000 pounds of payload to the 

International Space Station depending on the configuration of the Space Shuttle, rendezvous 

altitude, and other mission-specific requirements. There are three reusable Orbiters in the fleet: 

Discovery (Orbital Vehicle (OV)-103), Atlantis (OV-104), and Endeavour (OV-105).







The Space Shuttle Main Engines were developed in the 1970s and are the most efficient liquidfueled rocket engines ever built. Each Block II main engine can produce 418,000 pounds of thrust at 

sea level. The main engines are throttle-able, reusable, and have a high degree of redundancy. 

Three main engines are mounted in a triangular configuration at the aft end of the Orbiter and 

provide about 29 percent of the total thrust at liftoff. Critical engineering skills are being maintained to 

ensure safe mission flyout, and sufficient Space Shuttle Main Engine component spares are being 

produced to support the program through FY 2010. 







The External Tank is the largest and heaviest (approximately 1.7 million pounds when fully loaded 

with liquid oxygen fuel and liquid hydrogen) element of the Space Shuttle system. The External Tank 

serves two functions: to carry the fuel and oxidizer that feeds the main engines during ascent, and to 

act as the structural "backbone" to which the Orbiter and Solid Rocket Boosters are attached. 

Because the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen need to be stored at temperatures of hundreds of 

degrees below zero, the External Tank is covered with foam insulation to keep the propellants cold 

on the launch pad and during ascent and prevent formation of ice from atmospheric condensation. 

After the main engines are shut down at an altitude of about 70 miles above Earth, the External Tank 

is jettisoned, reenters the atmosphere at high velocity, and breaks up harmlessly over a remote 

ocean area.







Two Reusable Solid Rocket Boosters provide the main thrust that lifts the Space Shuttle off the 

launch pad up to an altitude of about 150,000 feet. Each is composed of three major assemblies: a 

forward nose cone, a four-segment Reusable Solid Rocket Motor, and an aft nozzle. The Reusable 

Solid Rocket Boosters for the Space Shuttle are the largest ever flown, and are designed for reuse. 

Each is 149 feet long, 12 feet in diameter, and weighs approximately 1.3 million pounds when loaded 

with propellant. The sea-level thrust of each booster is approximately 3.3 million pounds. They are 

fired after the thrust level of the three main engines is verified during the first few seconds of the 

ignition sequence. Together, they provide about 71 percent of the total thrust at liftoff.

Flight Hardware

SPA-11
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space Shuttle

Program: Space Shuttle Program

NASA continues to ensure a smooth transition from the Space Shuttle to the next generation of 

exploration vehicles. Appropriate Space Shuttle flight and ground hardware, technology, people and 

practices are being identified for transfer, retirement, or reassignment. NASA's Human Space Flight 

Transition Plan is guided by three fundamental principles: (1) emphasize safety and mission 

success; (2) complete assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of 2010 using as 

few Space Shuttle flights as possible; and (3) support Constellation Systems development objectives 

without interfering with Space Shuttle safety and mission success. The goals of Human Space Flight 

Transition are to: (1) evolve from current operations to future operations; (2) evolve the workforce, 

ensuring that NASA has the right levels and mix of skills for Space Shuttle, International Space 

Station and Constellation; (3) achieve multi-program objectives at the best value to the Agency; and 

(4) conduct an efficient and safe closeout of the SSP through the transfer of assets needed for follow

-on programs and decommissioning and disposing of the rest.

Transition and Retirement

Safely complete manifest and retire by Dec 

2010.

The Space Shuttle Program Added an additional flight for 

AMS Payload.

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

Flight Hardware Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-04 Dec-10

Form

Flight and Ground 

Operations

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-04 Dec-10

Form

Program Integration Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Dec-04 Dec-10

Form

Formulation (Form)

Research (Res)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Development (Dev)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SPA-12
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space Shuttle

Program: Space Shuttle Program

Program Management

Flight and Ground Operations Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space 

Center and Johnson 

Space Center

n/a

Flight Hardware Johnson Space Center Johnson Space 

Center and Marshall 

Space Flight Center

n/a

Program Integration Johnson Space Center Johnson Space 

Center

n/a

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Space Shuttle Program Manager reports to the Associate Administrator for Space Operations at 

NASA Headquarters.

The Space Program Operations Contract (SPOC) prime contractor is United Space Alliance. Other 

prime contractors providing flight hardware are ATK Thiokol (Reusable Solid Rocket Motor), 

Lockheed Martin (External Tank), and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (Space Shuttle Main Engines).

Acquisition Strategy

SPA-13
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-14
Theme: International Space Station

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

International Space Station Program 1,813.2 2,060.2 2,277.0 2,176.4 2,448.2 2,143.1 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 1,813.2 2,060.2 2,277.0 2,176.4 2,448.2 2,143.1 --

International Space Station Program 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

Total Change from FY 2009 Request -127.6 0.0 -10.0 371.8 203.4 425.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

The ISS orbits the Earth 16 times a day at an altitude that ranges from 230 to 286 miles and at a 

speed of 17,500 miles per hour. The ISS is a research and development (R&D) test bed. It is an 

experiment in the design, development and assembly of an orbital space facility. It serves as a habitat 

for its crew, a command post for orbital operations, and a port for the rendezvous and berthing of 

smaller orbiting vehicles. It functions as an orbital microgravity and life sciences laboratory, a test bed 

for new technologies in areas like life support and robotics, and a platform for astronomical and Earth 

observations. ISS has been continuously crewed since early-2001. Through 2008, there have been 

over 80 flights to the ISS, including flights for assembly, crew rotation, and logistical support. When 

assembly is complete in 2010, the ISS will be composed of approximately 1,000,000 pounds of 

hardware brought to orbit in approximately 40 separate launches over the course of more than a 

decade.







The ISS Program represents an unprecedented level of international cooperation. The ISS 

International Partnership is composed of NASA, the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos), the 

Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Japanese Aerospace 

Exploration Agency (JAXA). International participation in the program has significantly enhanced the 

capabilities of the ISS.







NASA has secured partnerships with other United States (US) government agencies and private firms 

to utilize a portion of the ISS as a National Lab, as designated by the NASA Authorization Act of 2005. 

NASA's plan for the ISS National Laboratory, the National Lab Report, was submitted to Congress in 

May 2007. Approximately 50 percent of planned US utilization resources on ISS could be available for 

non-NASA use. Firm interest in ISS use has been demonstrated in the areas of education, human, 

plant and animal biotechnologies, aerospace technologies, and defense sciences research. NASA has 

signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) for use of the ISS with the National Institutes of Health 

and the US Department of Agriculture, and has pre-existing agreements with Department of Energy, 

Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs. In addition, NASA issued an announcement of 

"Opportunity for Use of the ISS by Non-Government Entities for R&D and Industrial Processing 

Purposes" on August 14, 2007, and entered into Space Act Agreements (SAA) with 3 private firms 

and a university in 2008.

Theme Overview

SPA-15
Theme: International Space Station

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

In FY 2010, NASA will complete assembly of the ISS, having fulfilled its international partner agreements to 

launch and accommodate their modules. Logistics supply will continue with Utilization Logistics Flight (ULF) 3, 

which will deliver "Expedite the Processing of Experiments to Space Station" (ExPRESS) Logistics Carriers 

(ELC) 1 and 2. The Cupola and Node 3 will be launched on Flight 20 A. Logistics and resupply continues with 

Flight 19A which brings the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the Lightweight Multi-Purpose 

Experiment Support Structure (MPESS) Carrier (LMC) to ISS. The next flight, ULF4, will bring a Russian Mini 

Research Module -1 (MRM-1), another laboratory to perform research in space, and more logistics on the 

Integrated Cargo Carrier - Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLC). Flight ULF 5 brings additional utilization and 

logistics via an MPLM and an external carrier, ELC 3. The final Shuttle mission to the ISS, ULF 6, will deliver 

the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and an external carrier, ELC 4, with spares.







By the end of FY 2010, ISS assembly and outfitting will be complete and resupply by the Space Shuttle will 

end. The ISS will be a fully functioning laboratory in space.

International Space Station Program

Plans for FY 2010

SPA-16
Theme: International Space Station

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

This Theme supports Strategic Goal 2 of NASA's Strategic Plan which states: "Complete the 

International Space Station consistent with NASA's international commitments and use the Station as 

a National Laboratory for scientific research, engineering development and operational experience for 

exploration." The ISS Theme supports the US Space Exploration Policy "to advance U.S. scientific, 

security, and economic interest through a robust space exploration program," by completing 

assembly of the ISS by the end of the decade, focusing NASA research and use of the ISS on 

supporting space exploration goals, and conducting ISS activities in a manner consistent with 

international commitments.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

The benefits of ISS research cross all areas of American life, including public health, energy, 

environment, education, and promoting international cooperation. Specific examples include new 

uses of ultrasound technology, embedded Web technology to allow remote monitoring and control of 

devices through a computer and Web browser, and work to help researchers understand and mitigate 

muscle, balance, and bone problems.







Research performed on the ISS will contribute to a broader understanding of injury and disease in 

support of Earth-based medical applications. For example, a new vaccine for salmonella-induced 

infectious disease has been developed on the ISS and will be entering human trials under Food and 

Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The ISS, an exploration research and technology test bed, will 

be used to develop and demonstrate, among other things, closed loop life support systems and 

remote medical care capabilities. Both technologies can be used to benefit people here on Earth. For 

example, water recycling technology is being used to provide potable water to places devastated by 

natural disasters. NASA will also demonstrate technologies on the ISS necessary for future space 

systems such as thermal control, environmental control, and power generation. As an earth observing 

platform, the onboard crew utilizes the ISS as an excellent platform to monitor and record natural and 

human-driven changes and events on earth.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The ISS objective is to support scientific research for human space exploration and other activities 

requiring the unique attributes of humans in space. Consistent with the US Space Exploration Policy, 

ISS research is focused on science and technology development that will prepare human explorers 

and spacecraft to travel beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). Research aboard the ISS is critical to 

understand the effects of space environments on the human body and develop mitigation techniques, 

minimize the logistical burden of supporting humans far from Earth, address remote medical 

emergencies, and demonstrate enabling technologies for human exploration.







NASA and the International Partners are applying the information learned to plan for future human 

and robotic missions. Techniques demonstrated in robotics, assembly, and maintainability on the ISS 

will guide development of next-generation space vehicles that will fly farther, faster, and for longer 

duration. Research conducted on ISS in its role as a national laboratory by other US government 

agencies, private firms and universities will yield important new data applicable to their respective 

missions. The ISS also promotes the commercial space transportation industry by providing a market 

to supply needed crew supplies and logistics. The ISS partnership also provides a successful 

example of peaceful and constructive international cooperation that provides tangible benefits here on 

earth.

SPA-17
Theme: International Space Station

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Other Program 

Implementatio

n Review

08/2008 Provides an independent review of ongoing ISS 

and SSP operations.

2010

Other NASA 

Advisory 

Council (NAC)

04/2009 Provides independent guidance for the NASA 

Administrator. The NAC was briefed by the JSC 

Safety and Mission Assurance Office on NASA 

Lessons Learned program. The Space 

Operations committee made two 

recommendations on NASA utilization of known 

Lessons Learned, including expanding the 

teaching aspect.

07/2009

Other ASAP 04/2009 Provides independent assessments of safety to 

the NASA Administrator. No recommendations 

nor inquiries issued relating to the ISS.

07/2009

Other ISS Advisory 

Committee

10/2008 Assess ISS operational readiness to support 

new crew, assess Russian flight team 

preparedness to accommodate the Expedition 

15 mission, and assess health and flight 

readiness of Expedition 15 crew.

Ongoing

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

In November 2008, ULF2 was launched with the equipment necessary to double the crew size of the 

ISS. A Galley, Crew Quarters, Waste and Hygiene Compartment, and a Water Recovery System were 

delivered. The Water Recovery System brings with it the capability to recycle urine and condensate 

into drinking and coolant water. This capability is critical to weaning the ISS from dependence on the 

Space Shuttle for water resupply. Once the equipment is operational the ISS will be able to support 6 

crewmembers. Spring of 2009 is the target for beginning 6 crew operations on the ISS. In addition, 

the crew performed 4 space walks to restore functionality to the Starboard Solar Array and increase 

the available power on the ISS. To add to the significance of this mission, on November 20, 2009 the 

ISS celebrated its 10th anniversary of on-orbit operations. 







In FY 2009, NASA continues ISS assembly. The truss and solar array assembly is complete with 

delivery of the S6 Solar Array on Flight 15A, bringing the ISS to its full power capability. The final 

JAXA segments, Exposed Facility (EF) and the Experiment Logistics Module-Exposed Section (ELMES) will be delivered on Flight 2J/A completing JAXA's laboratory complex on the ISS. Flight 17A will 

deliver pressurized cargo via a MPLM. JAXA will also launch the first H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), 

which will contribute to the effort of resupplying the ISS when the Space Shuttle retires. The ISS 

program will continue processing activities, ground testing, and integration of flight hardware for future 

missions, while operating and monitoring the health of the vehicle systems, and conducting operations 

on 30 to 40 research experiments. During this period ISS crews are supported by re-supply and crew 

rotation using the Space Shuttle, and Russian Progress and Soyuz vehicles. Ground training is 

ongoing for future flight crews, and ISS will continue to conduct ISS-based Extravehicular Activities 

(EVAs) for ISS maintenance, science, and assembly. More detailed information maybe found at 

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SPA-18
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

International Space Station

Program: International Space Station Program

ISS Cargo Crew Services 100.1 304.8 526.8 422.2 751.0 614.6 --

ISS Operations 1,713.1 1,755.4 1,750.2 1,754.2 1,697.2 1,528.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

1,813.2 2,060.2 2,277.0 2,176.4 2,448.2 2,143.1 --

ISS Cargo Crew Services 82.3 304.8 628.0 830.9 1,137.7 1,131.1 956.9

ISS Operations 1,603.2 1,755.4 1,639.0 1,717.3 1,513.9 1,437.8 1,449.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

1,685.5 2,060.2 2,267.0 2,548.2 2,651.6 2,568.9 2,405.9

Changes from FY 2009 Request -127.6 0.0 -10.0 371.8 203.4 425.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-19
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

International Space Station

Program: International Space Station Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The ISS Cargo Crew Services budget consists of International Partners and commercial purchases. 

NASA has contracted with Roskosmos to purchase cargo transportation through 2011 and crew 

transportation through spring of 2012. The ISS Program plans to purchase crew transportation 

services from international partners as needed until a domestic capability is available. NASA has 

also contracted with domestic companies to provide cargo supply and return services beginning in 

2011 via the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract. NASA does not plan to purchase any 

cargo services from its International Partners after 2011.

ISS Cargo Crew Services

The ISS Program brings together international flight crews; globally distributed launch, operations, 

training, engineering, and development facilities; communications networks; and the international 

scientific research community. Operating ISS is even more complicated than many other space flight 

endeavors because it is an international program. Each ISS partner has the primary responsibility to 

manage and run the hardware it provides, but the various elements provided by the partners are not 

independent and they must be operated as an integrated system.







ISS Operations encompasses several key functions necessary to plan, control and execute the ISS. 

ISS Systems Engineering, Analysis and Integration function entails optimization of the system 

architecture, integrated system performance and verification analyses, assembly sequence, vehicle 

configuration, interface requirements, and mission design. The Spacecraft function is responsible for 

developing and sustaining the on-orbit ISS. The Safety & Mission Assurance function implements 

safety, reliability, maintainability, and quality assurance requirements to ensure that all significant 

risks are reviewed, tracked, and mitigated so that ISS is safe, reliable, and maintainable.







Multi-User Systems Support (MUSS) is responsible for management of the ISS integrated research 

plan and utilization resources. MUSS manages all payload operations activities. With the completed 

delivery of IP elements and the establishment of six-person crew capability, ISS research 

opportunities will be expanded to conduct research in life sciences, materials sciences, fluid physics, 

as well as its primary focus to serve as a test bed for future exploration missions in a weightless 

environment.







Space Flight Crew Operations provides trained crew members for all of NASA human space flight 

endeavors. In FY 2010, ISS related Flight Crew Operations were consolidated into the Human Space 

Flight Operations line item. Other key ISS operational activities include Mission Integration and 

Operations, Medical Support, and Launch Site Processing. Prior to launch, NASA and the IPs will 

complete building, conduct testing, and perform integration of each element into the Shuttle orbiters 

at the Kennedy Space Center for launch to orbit. For FY 2010, NASA will perform those activities for 

the ELCs, Cupola, Node 3, MPLM's, LMC, the IC-VLD, and MRM.

Operations

ISS Assembly complete by 2010 International Space Station (ISS) None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SPA-20
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

International Space Station

Program: International Space Station Program

ISS*







*Potential continuation 

of ISS operations after 

2016 will be reviewed 

this summer as an 

element of the NASA 

human space flight 

review

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-93

Oct-07

Sep-07

Sep-16

Form

Development (Dev)

Formulation (Form)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

NASA extended the Boeing US On-Orbit Segment (US0S) contract until September 30, 2010. 

NASA also exercised the first option under the Cargo Mission Contract (CMC), the Program 

Integration Contract (PIC) and the Mission Integration Contract (MIC) until September 2009. The 

government has issued a competitive request for proposal for the PIC services beyond 2009. A 

contract strategy is in work for the extension of the other contracts and should be released in spring 

2009.



 



NASA awarded commercial cargo transportation services to Space Exploration Technologies 

Corporation (Space X) and Orbital Sciences Corporation through the CRS contract on December 23, 

2008. Cargo services are expected to begin in 2011 with initial start of activities in the 2nd or 3rd 

quarter of FY 2009. The service period is through 2016. NASA has also extended its contract with 

Roskosmos to purchase crew transportation through spring of 2012 and plans to continue to 

purchase Russian crew transportation services until commercial crew capability or Ares I/Orion is 

operational.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

On-orbit assembly and 

operations

NASA Johnson Space 

Center

NASA Johnson 

Space Center

Russian Federal Space Agency, 

European Space Agency, Japan 

Aerospace Exploration Agency, 

Canadian Space Agency, and Italian 

Space Agency (ASI).

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The ISS Program Manager reports to the Associate Administrator for Space Operations at NASA 

Headquarters.

SPA-21
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-22
Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

As explorers, pioneers and innovators, NASA boldly expands frontiers to inspire and serve America 

and to benefit the quality of life on Earth. Space and Flight Support enables exploration and science 

through multiple capabilities.







One such capability is the Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program, a vital element of 

the underlying support structure needed to conduct exploration and science. Whether NASA missions 

are providing data about our home planet, focusing science instruments on cosmic phenomena or 

exploring far regions in space, reliable communication with Earth-based control centers is critical to 

mission success. As new spacecraft with different objectives and advanced technology are launched, 

the communication needs of flight missions change. In response, NASA modifies and evolves its 

space communications capabilities to ensure Agency mission needs are fulfilled.



 



In addition, NASA has assigned responsibility for understanding the full range of civil space launch 

needs to the Launch Services Program (LSP). LSP works closely with other government agencies and 

the launch industry, seeking to ensure that safe, reliable, on-time and cost-effective commercial 

launch opportunities are available on a wide range of launch systems. 







The Rocket Propulsion Test (RPT) Program reviews, approves and provides direction on rocket 

propulsion test assignments, capital asset improvements, test facility modernization and 

refurbishments, integration for multi-site test activities, identification and protection of core capabilities 

and the advancement and development of test technologies.







Also, the care of the Astronaut Corps is the responsibility of space medical operations at the Johnson 

Space Center. A portion of the responsibilities for that care is managed within the Crew Health and 

Safety (CHS) Program. CHS enables healthy and productive crew during all phases of space flight 

missions; implementation of a comprehensive health care program for astronauts; and the prevention 

and mitigation of negative long-term health consequences of spaceflight.







Finally, Human Space Flight Operations currently has one project, the Space Flight Crew Operations 

(SFCO) that provides trained crew members for all NASA human space flight endeavors and brings 

expertise to help resolve issues within the programs. SFCO is responsible for all JSC aircraft 

operations including aircrew training.

Theme Overview

SPA-23
Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Crew Health & Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 --

Rocket Propulsion Test 41.9 41.8 44.3 44.7 44.6 44.6 --

Launch Services 91.7 99.6 84.0 83.4 83.8 83.8 --

Space Communications and Navigation 303.9 582.9 475.2 491.3 504.8 508.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 446.3 732.8 612.1 628.0 641.7 645.4 --

Crew Health & Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

Rocket Propulsion Test 41.9 41.8 45.8 44.6 44.5 44.5 44.5

Launch Services 91.8 89.6 85.9 84.1 83.9 83.9 82.8

Human Space Flight Operations 0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 89.0

Space Communications and Navigation 303.9 582.9 496.6 506.9 520.3 524.0 524.0

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 446.2 722.8 751.5 732.7 745.9 749.7 748.9

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 0.0 -10.0 139.4 104.8 104.2 104.4 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-24
Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

CHS will continue to help develop and refine a standardized battery of clinical and physiological tests for all 

crew members. The Crew Health Surveillance special projects will focus on developing and refining medical 

standards that are critical to meet the needs of exploration timelines. Similarly, real-time mission evaluation 

will continue to help define and deliver medical operations hardware for current programs and meet the needs 

of known architectures.

Crew Health & Safety

RPT will continue to provide test facility management, and provide maintenance, sustaining engineering, 

operations, and facility modernization projects necessary to keep the test-related facilities in the appropriate 

state of operational readiness. RPT has established testing requirements for the Exploration program which 

will be used to identify excess and "at-risk" test facilities and will support decisions relative to test asset 

consolidation initiatives.

Rocket Propulsion Test

LSP has planned four NASA launches for FY 2010 including: 1) Glory, which will be launched on a Taurus 

XL; 2) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) launched on an Atlas V; 3) Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer 

(WISE) launched on a Delta II, and 4) Aquarius mission also launched on a Delta II. LSP will also provide 

advisory expertise and services to SpaceX's second and third demo flights under the Commercial Orbital 

Transportation Services (COTS) Project and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-P) 

under the NOAA/GOES Program.

Launch Services

In FY 2010, NASA consolidated the Flight Crew Operations Directorate projects funding from Exploration 

Systems Mission Directorate and Space Operations Mission Directorate under the Human Space Flight 

Operations program. The consolidated Flight Crew Operations Directorate is now Space Flight Crew 

Operations, which is currently the only project funded under the Human Space Flight Operations program. 

The Space Flight Crew Operations provides trained crew members for all of NASA human space flight 

endeavors.







For FY 2010, the Space Flight Crew Operations will support up to six human space flights on the Space 

Shuttle to the International Space Station, as well as long-duration crew on ISS and crew expertise to 

Constellation development.

Human Space Flight Operations

In FY 2010, the SCaN Program will continue to successfully provide space communications and navigation 

capabilities to all missions and continue to define Lunar communications requirements. SCaN will also 

continue to advance cross support opportunities with international space agencies through the definition and 

adoption of common standards and protocols, as well as, continue demonstration of new technologies, such 

as the Optical Communications Flight Demonstration Project.

Space Communications and Navigation

Plans for FY 2010

SPA-25
Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

The Space and Flight Support (SFS) Theme supports the U.S. Space Exploration Policy by providing 

unique operational capabilities for space communications and navigation, launch services, and rocket 

propulsion tests, as well as managing the health care of the Astronaut Corps. The services provided 

are critical for enabling the conduct of space exploration, aeronautical research, and biological and 

physical research and are provided to a wide range of customers, including NASA scientists and 

engineers, other federal agencies, universities, foreign governments, and industry interests.







The SFS Theme supports the following Goals in the 2006 NASA Strategic Plan: 







Goal 3: Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics consistent with 

the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration.







Goal 4: Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into service as soon as possible after Shuttle 

retirement.







Goal 5: Encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space 

sector.







Goal 6: Establish a lunar return program having the maximum possible utility for later missions to 

Mars and other destinations.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

SFS programs provide the enabling capabilities required to advance space exploration and expand 

scientific knowledge of Earth and the universe. Without these capabilities NASA could not perform 

any of its missions.







SCaN provides the ability to conduct space communications and navigation with both human and 

robotic spacecraft. Capable and dependable communications are vital for the success of human and 

robotic space missions.







The LSP project is responsible for enabling access to space for NASA and other select government 

missions. LSP is responsible for a wide range of activities critical to fulfilling the U.S. Space 

Exploration Policy and provides safe, reliable, cost-effective, and on-time commercial launch services 

for NASA and NASA-sponsored payloads using expendable launch vehicles (ELVs). 







The RPT capabilities continue to support safe operation of the Space Shuttle, implement the U.S. 

Space Exploration Policy, and provide test facilities for use by other DOD and commercial programs. 

Capabilities include rocket propulsion test facilities, associated infrastructure and systems, and the 

core skilled workforce necessary to operate and maintain these assets for Ares and other future 

propulsion projects. 







CHS provides enhancements to the health care provision environment both in space and on the 

ground for the Astronaut Corps. CHS contributes to the medical and health certification of astronauts 

before flight and the provision of care throughout their careers.

SPA-26
Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

The benefits of SFS to education and the public includes the return of scientific and educational data 

from space to Earth; the safe launching of expendable launch vehicles necessary for research; the 

assurance that rocket systems have been adequately tested; and the testing and implementation of 

various human health and illness prevention measures. A space program properly supported by this 

Theme will produce research data that can be used to generate new scientific knowledge through the 

study of heliophysics, astrophysics, solar system exploration, Earth science, biological and physical 

research, and more.

- Deep Space Network, Near Earth Network, and Space Network all exceeded proficiency and 

availability metrics as all Networks achieved 98% proficiency for delivery of Space Communications 

services.







- SCaN continued to work with the Space Operations, Exploration Systems, and Science Mission 

Directorates to ensure that NASA communication and navigation needs were met. As part of this 

effort, the program worked with the commercial sector to obtain and maintain reliable technologies at 

competitive prices for several projects: the Communication Navigation and Networking Reconfigurable 

Testbed (CoNNeCT), a joint government and commercial project investigating reprogrammable 

(software-defined) radio technology for use during space exploration missions; the Tracking and Data 

Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) Continuation project, which will sustain the TDRS system with two 

new satellites designed to serve Science and Exploration System goals; and the Near Earth Network, 

which provides services for orbiting satellites and the Shuttle.







- SCaN successfully completed demonstration of antenna arraying with two separate TDRS 

spacecraft. SCaN initiated the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) optical 

communications demonstration program and successfully developed strategy with international space 

agencies for development of a future interoperable space internetworking environment.







-The Launch Services Program (LSP) continues to open the bidding process to a larger number of 

launch providers, in an effort to help the emerging commercial space sector gain experience to 

successfully compete for future missions. In March 2008, LSP established the NASA Launch Services 

(NLS) Contract Follow-on Procurement Development Team (PDT). In April 2008, the PDT released a 

Request for Information (RFI) to the launch service provider community with a Small and Medium 

Class mission model. Responses have been received and assessed. These responses, together with 

input from our current contracted launch service providers and our customers, have been evaluated, 

and a philosophy for the follow-on contract mechanism to the NLS contract has been proposed. 

Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) was placed onto the NLS contract in April 2008, to include 

Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch services. LSP has also entered into unfunded Space Act Agreements 

with companies that are actively funding new launch vehicles. The companies will share information 

with LSP that could aid in future certification efforts in return for LSP's advice and guidance on the 

development of the launch vehicle.







See Strategic Goals 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the FY 2008 Performance and Accountability Report at 

http://www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

SPA-27
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-28
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

TDRS Replenishment 149.3 154.0 26.0 19.0 22.6 13.4 --

Space Communications 

Support

63.9 65.4 63.7 62.5 62.0 71.4 --

Space Communications 

Networks

90.7 363.5 385.5 409.8 420.2 423.7 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

303.9 582.9 475.2 491.3 504.8 508.5 --

TDRS Replenishment 150.0 154.0 26.0 19.0 22.6 13.4 0.0

Space Communications 

Support

97.4 65.4 43.4 64.9 56.9 79.5 79.7

Space Communications 

Networks

56.5 363.5 427.2 423.0 440.8 431.1 444.3

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

303.9 582.9 496.6 506.9 520.3 524.0 524.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 21.4 15.5 15.5 15.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-29
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Today's spacecraft are increasingly more powerful, complex, and capable of acquiring increasing 

amounts of mission data. They can also employ artificial intelligence enabling autonomous decisions. 

However complex and sophisticated these machines have become, two key functions have not 

changed: the need to communicate with Earth and to navigate in space. A failure of space 

communications and navigation on the spacecraft or on Earth could result in a complete loss of a 

mission. Hence, space communications and navigation is a fundamental capability of missions that 

depends on a high quality of hardware and software present on the spacecraft and the ground. 







NASA's space communications and navigation capabilities rely on ground-based and space-based 

assets that enable near Earth and deep space missions, as well as those of the other U.S. agencies 

and of our international partners. These national assets are managed as dedicated projects within the 

Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program. The SCaN program manages these assets 

for the Agency and provides a cost efficient approach to effectively meeting all missions needs 

throughout all stages of their life. 







SCaN is also responsible for all Spectrum Management and Data Standards policy, oversight and 

management for the Agency. It represents NASA before all domestic and international regulatory or 

technical bodies dealing with Spectrum and/or Data Standards, thus providing NASA with an 

integrated approach to promoting and safeguarding its SCaN equities and interests. Additionally, 

SCaN leads all NASA activities associated with present and future navigation technology and 

capabilities such as supporting spacecraft tracking and position determination. 







These seemingly disparate functions: sustainment of existing assets, technology development, 

spectrum management, and international standards, are integrated through a robust System 

Engineering and Integration (SE&I) activity to assure uninterrupted SCaN capabilities and avoiding 

loss or any impact to science or exploration missions. In addition, SE&I also conducts long-range 

planning based on projected mission needs and identifies technical performance targets for new 

technologies such as Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), Optical Communications, and 

Communication Navigation and Networking Reconfigurable Testbed (CoNNeCT).







By planning, developing, operating, and maintaining space and ground networks of tracking and data 

systems, SCaN supports the Nation's space missions, both crewed and robotic, from low Earth orbit 

to the fringes of the solar system. 







For more information, please see https://www.spacecomm.nasa.gov/spacecomm/.

Program Overview

SPA-30
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

The SCaN Program will release the Space Network Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS) request 

for proposal (RFP) with a target contract award by early 2010. SCaN will also conduct the SGSS 

Mission Definition Review. SCaN will conduct the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-K/L) 

Critical Design Review, Mission Operations Review, Ground Test Readiness Review, and the Ground 

Terminal Pre-Ship Review. SCaN will also conduct the Communication Navigation and Networking 

Re-Configurable Testbed (CoNNeCT) Flight Readiness Review, as well as, conduct the Disruption 

Tolerant Networking (DTN) second ISS demonstration flight. Also, SCaN will continue development of 

an optical terminal and ground-based receiver that will demonstrate the utility of high rate Optical 

Communications on the LADEE spacecraft in the 2012 timeframe.

Plans For FY 2010

SPA-31
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The TDRS Replenishment Project is responsible for the acquisition of two new Tracking and Data 

Relay Satellites, TDRS-K and TDRS-L, to replenish the aging fleet of communications spacecraft in 

the SN. The TDRS K and L Project Office at GSFC is managing the procurement, which includes onorbit delivery, acceptance of two spacecraft (TDRS-K to be launched in 2012, followed by launch of 

TDRS-L in 2013), and modification of ground system equipment at the White Sands Complex (WSC) 

in White Sands, New Mexico.

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Replenishment

Deep Space Network (DSN): The DSN consists of three facilities spaced approximately 120 degrees 

apart on the globe to enable continuous communications to spacecraft as the Earth rotates. The 

facilities are located in Spain, Australia, and California. DSN stations are NASA-owned assets 

managed by the DSN Project Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In addition, SCaN utilizes 

Construction of Facilities (CoF) funding to provide minor revitalization of the three DSN facilities. In 

FY 2010, $4.3M is requested to provide essential modification and replacement of the power 

distribution systems in Australia. The minor revitalization provides continuing support to missions 

exploring regions beyond Earth orbit, including planetary exploration missions to Mars and beyond. 

Also, $6.8M of discrete funding is requested in FY 2010 for construction of a new 34-Meter Beam 

Waveguide Antenna, DSS-35, in Australia. For a list of the CoF projects, see the Cross-Agency 

Support Appropriation.







Near Earth Network (NEN): The NEN consists of globally distributed tracking stations that are 

strategically located to maximize the communications service coverage provided to flight missions. 

The stations are located in Norway and Alaska, with additional antennas located at Wallops Island, 

VA and Merritt Island, FL. The NEN Project Office at GSFC manages the network, which includes 

both commercially owned assets and NASA facilities. The NEN provides communications services to 

a variety of missions in certain orbital and suborbital locations, including Low Earth Orbit (LEO), 

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), lunar, and highly elliptical orbits. 







Space Network (SN): The SN consists of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) 

and a set of supporting ground terminal systems located at White Sands, NM and Guam. The ground 

terminals transmit signals to and from the TDRSS, which in turn relays those signals to and from 

flight missions. The SN predominantly supports LEO missions with global coverage, but it can also 

support launch vehicles and provide communications services to researchers in remote locations on 

Earth, such as the South Pole. 







SN Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS): SGSS is responsible for replacing outdated equipment 

and standardizing systems at all SN ground locations, including White Sands and the Guam Remote 

Ground Terminal (GRGT). After replacement, ground system equipment at every SN ground station 

will be capable of supporting any spacecraft in the TDRSS fleet. A key objective of SGSS is to 

establish the capabilities required to support the Ares and Orion Constellation vehicles. 







NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN): This network has commercial service backbones 

providing point-to-point terrestrial signal transport services and routing network services. 

Management responsibility for this project has moved to the Office of the Chief Information Officer.

Space Communications Networks

SPA-32
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Space Communications Support manages cross-cutting communication functions, which are 

responsible for defining and protecting the integrity of the overall SCaN architecture, including 

identifying, assessing, and establishing policy or response to external policies. These functions 

include Spectrum Management, Systems Planning, and Optical Communications.







Spectrum Management ensures the availability and allocation of radio frequency spectrum for all 

Agency programs to support the operation of navigation systems, space and ground based radio 

transmission, and mission sensor operations.







Systems Planning develops a communications and navigation architecture to support Exploration 

and Science Programs through 2030. This includes Space Data Standards, which pursues the 

implementation of national and international space data standards with the aim of improved 

interoperability; Technology, which aims to predict the needs of future communications missions in a 

manner that will yield initiatives with performance enhancements with reduced costs; and Systems 

Engineering, which coordinates all SCaN systems engineering activities and manages the 

requirements that enable NASA to fulfill its space communications and navigation needs for future 

missions. In addition, SCaN provides subject matter expertise to the NASA Deputy Administrator for 

the Deputy Secretary-level Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Executive Committee that 

manages the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a critical infrastructure component for 

NASA human spaceflight and science, and enables greater autonomous navigation of spacecraft 

while reducing the operational and cost burdens of traditional two-way ranging and tracking.







Optical Communications will continue the demonstration of the new optical technology that will 

provide NASA with a high rate communication technique for deep space mission data with an 

objective of at least a 10-fold increase in the available radio frequency (RF) data rate. This 

revolutionary technology will provide higher data rates for less spacecraft space, weight, and power 

burden compared to RF technology. Higher data rates will allow more science spacecraft to share 

the same Earth-based optical receivers, and enable greater science return over spacecraft life, thus 

gaining higher mission utilization. The implementation approach will begin with three Near Earth flight 

demonstrations of optical terminals as co-payloads with Lunar science mission instruments.

Space Communications Support

Achieve less than 3% of lost operating time on 

NISN available services.

NASA Integrated Services Network, 

NISN

None

Achieve at least 98% Network proficiency for 

delivery of Space Communications services.

Space Network, Deep Space Network, 

and Near Earth Network

None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SPA-33
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Space Communications 

and Navigation Non 

Operations, TDRS 

Replenishment

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-09 Sep-12

Form Oct-06 Sep-09

Space Communications 

and Navigation 

Operations

Tech

Dev

Ops

Res

Oct-05 Oct-20

Form

Formulation (Form)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Operations (Ops)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule

Prior 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beg End

Project Schedule by Fiscal Year Phase Dates

SPA-34
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Program Management

NASA Integrated Services 

Network

Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center, 

Marshall Space 

Flight Center

N/A

Optical Communications Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center, Jet 

Propulsion 

Laboratory

N/A

Network Integration and 

Engineering

Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center, Glenn 

Research Center, 

Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory

N/A

Near Earth Network Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center

N/A

Space Network Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center

Other Government Agencies

SN Ground Segment 

Sustainment

Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center

Other Government Agencies

TDRS Replenishment Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Goddard Space 

Flight Center, 

Kennedy Space 

Center

Non-NASA Partner Agency

Deep Space Network Space Communications 

and Navigation Program 

Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory

N/A

Space Communications 

Support

Space Communications 

Program Office - NASA 

Headquarters

Glenn Research 

Center, Goddard 

Space Flight Center, 

Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory, Johnson 

Space Center

N/A

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) reports to the 

Associate Administrator for Space Operations at NASA Headquarters. SCaN projects are managed 

from NASA Headquarters.

SPA-35
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Performance National 

Research 

Council

01/2006 SOMD Space Communications Independent 

Evaluation by National Research Council (NRC) 

was completed in September 2006 with the final 

report delivered the first quarter of CY 2007. 

This report validated the need to centralize 

management of all NASA space 

communications, formalized in a detailed 

program plan.

N/A

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

NASA owns a large, established base of space communications assets located nationally, 

internationally, and in orbit near Earth and Mars. The SCaN Program conducts acquisition planning 

with the objective of preserving the governments past investments, and altering capability or capacity 

in response to mission needs and NASA SCaN architecture goals. 







NASA conducts major SCaN acquisitions on a competitive basis. To meet mission support 

objectives and achieve best value for NASA, mission suitability and cost criteria are appropriately 

weighted and evaluated for competitively awarded acquisitions. When feasible, NASA pursues 

commercially available space communications services and products in preference to developing 

NASA-owned systems. NASA may also consider unique technical capabilities and maintenance of 

core competency in the NASA work force during the "make versus buy" decision process. To further 

achieve best value for NASA and the U.S. Government, the Agency may place task orders on 

Government Wide Acquisition Contracts (GWAC).







NASA will require several major procurements to support future Agency SCaN requirements. Flight 

systems and associated ground terminals will be required at several locations in the Solar System. 

The type of contract depends upon the maturity of the technology and the associated mission risk. In 

general, lower risk radio frequency relay spacecraft near the Earth are acquired under "fixed price" 

terms with delivery on-orbit. Relay satellites at distant locations or acquisitions involving new 

technology, such as optical space communications, may be acquired under "cost plus award fee" 

terms.

Acquisition Strategy

SPA-36
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Project In Formulation: TDRS Replenishment

The existing fleet of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) supports tracking, data, 

voice, and video services to the International Space Station (ISS), Space and Earth science missions, 

as well as other government agency users. The total mission load is predicted to increase, which will 

require additional satellites to be added to the fleet. 







The existing fleet is aging and reliability analysis predicts a shortage of flight assets to support NASA 

missions and the user community by 2011. As a result, NASA began in FY 2007 the acquisition of two 

additional spacecraft, TDRS-K and TDRS-L, to be launched in 2012 and 2013 respectively. By adding 

these two spacecraft to the TDRSS fleet, continuity of service will be insured for NASA and other 

government agency user missions through approximately 2016.







The TDRS Replenishment Project supports the Agency's goal to establish a lunar return program 

having the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations. It accomplishes 

this by implementing the space communications and navigation architecture responsive to Science 

and Exploration mission requirements and implementing technology initiatives consistent with 

approved baseline space communications and navigation architecture.

Project Purpose

The TDRS system consists of in-orbit telecommunications satellites stationed at geosynchronous 

altitude and associated ground stations located at White Sands, New Mexico and Guam. This system 

of satellites and ground stations comprises the Space Network that provides mission services for near

-Earth user satellites and orbiting resources, with many near-Earth spacecraft being totally dependent 

upon it for performance. The TDRSS constellation includes the first-generation satellites (TDRS 1-6), 

the replacement satellite (TDRS 7), and the second-generation satellites (TDRS 8, 9, and 10).

Project Preliminary Parameters

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 149.3 154.0 26.0 19.0 22.6 13.4 --

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 150.0 154.0 26.0 19.0 22.6 13.4 0.0

Total Change from 2009 President's Budget 

Request

0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-37
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Project In Formulation: TDRS Replenishment

TDRS Replenishment NASA Aging hardware 

replacement

NASA committed 

$450M through FY 

2013

No Change

Project Element Provider Description FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

The TDRS-K and TDRS-L spacecraft will be fully compatible with and capable of functioning as part 

of the TDRS System as implemented and operated by the White Sands Complex (WSC) and Guam 

ground terminals. Requirements will include: design, development, fabrication, integration, test, onorbit delivery, and launch services. Launch dates for TDRS-K and TDRS-L will be in 2012 and 2013 

respectively. The spacecraft are required to have an operational life of 11 years. The basic 

requirement will also include modification of the WSC Space-to-Ground Link Terminals to provide 

compatibility with the new spacecraft, while preserving compatibility with the existing TDRS fleet.

Estimated Project Deliverables

Estimated Project Schedule

Ground Terminal Pre-Ship Review Quarter 3, FY 2010 N/A N/A

Ground Test Readiness Review Quarter 3, FY 2010 N/A N/A

Mission Operations Review Quarter 2, FY 2010 N/A N/A

Formulation

Milestone Name

Formulation 

Agreement 

Estimate

FY 2009 PB 

Request

FY 2010 PB 

Request

Project Management

The Acquisition Strategy for this procurement uses a Firm Fixed Price with Incentive Fee contract.

Acquisition Strategy

TDRS Replenishment Space Communications and 

Navigation (SCAN) Office

Headquarters SCaN Program 

Office

GSFC, KSC, and Non-NASA 

Agencies

Project Element Project Management 

Responsibility NASA Center Performers Cost-Sharing Partners

The Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Communications and Navigation reports to the 

Associate Administrator for Space Operations at NASA Headquarters.

SPA-38
Mission Directorate: Space Operations

Theme: Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Space Communications and Navigation

Project In Formulation: TDRS Replenishment

TDRS-K and TDRS-L 

Obsolescence Risk 

Management

Aging spacecraft requires 

replacement hardware by 

2013. The mission load is 

predicted to exceed current 

capacity and will need 

additional spacecraft to 

provide enough capacity.

The project has awarded a Firm Fixed Price with Incentive 

Fee contract as of December 2007. Spacecraft will launch in 

2012 and 2013.

Project Risk Management

Title Risk Statement Risk Management Approach and Plan

SPA-39
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-40
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Human Space Flight Operations

As the Space Shuttle program (SSP) comes to closure in FY 2010 with the accompanying completion 

of the International Space Station (ISS), there are a number of unique human spaceflight capabilities 

and facilities that have primarily supported the Space Shuttle and ISS assembly which NASA will 

continue to need in order to support human space flight operations into the future. These capabilities 

are required for continued support of the International Space Station and future support of the 

Constellation program. 







NASA established the Human Space Flight Operations (HSFO) line item beginning in FY 2010 as a 

single integrated program that will consolidate these capabilities to support multiple agency programs. 

As a first step, NASA consolidated the funding for Flight Crew Operations Directorate (FCOD) from 

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) 

under this line item. The consolidated project is now known as Space Flight Crew Operations (SFCO) 

and is currently the only project funded under the HSFO program. NASA will continue to assess and 

define projects that support human space flight for inclusion in this program in future budget 

submissions as these capabilities are identified. The projects that will be included will be those 

deemed to be discrete multi-program functions that support the Agency's HSFO requirements 

regardless of the vehicle being supported. This proposed approach will allow these capabilities to be 

reshaped for the future as the agency's needs change. In all cases, the projects would provide 

program support, including technical input, via boards and panels; requirements, concept and design 

support; hardware development and testing support; mission support; and essential training.

Program Overview

Space Flight Crew Operations 0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 89.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 89.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 114.7 88.5 88.6 88.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

For FY 2010, the SFCO will support up to six human space flights on the Space Shuttle to the ISS 

and provide support and training for crew members preparing for future flights to the ISS. In addition, 

SFCO provides technical and safety panel support to the Constellation program, participates on the 

CEV cockpit design review team, and provides early template astronaut flight readiness training 

requirements.

Plans For FY 2010

SPA-41
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Human Space Flight Operations

The contracts supporting the Space Flight Crew Operations project are the Aircraft Maintenance and 

Modification Program (AMMP) provided by the Computer Services Corp. and the Aircraft Simulation 

Program (ASP) contract with Lockheed Martin.

Acquisition Strategy

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

In FY 2010, the SFCO project is the only funded project under this program. The SFCO project 

provides trained crew members for all of NASA human space flight endeavors and to bring 

experienced crew member expertise to help resolve operations or development issues within the 

human space flight programs. SFCO is responsible for all JSC aircraft operations including aircrew 

training.

Human Space Flight Operations

Program Management

HSFO's program manager reports to the Associate Administrator for the Space Operations Mission 

Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

SPA-42
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Launch Services

Assuring reliable and cost-effective access to space for missions is critical to achieving the U.S. 

Space Exploration Policy. NASA has assigned responsibility for understanding the full range of civil 

space launch needs to the Space Operations Mission Directorate Launch Services Program. The 

Launch Services Program, which works closely with other government agencies and the launch 

industry, seeks to ensure that the most safe, reliable, on-time, cost-effective commercial launch 

opportunities are available on a wide range of launch systems. A key challenge for the program is 

matching the launch capabilities to the needs of the different civil government customers. These 

customers seek to: understand Earth processes, including the use of weather satellites; explore the 

solar system with planetary probes, Mars rovers, and orbiters; understand the universe primarily 

through the use of space-based telescopes; and enhance life on Earth by understanding the EarthSun system using various scientific missions. The program purchases fixed-price launch services 

from domestic suppliers and provides oversight to ensure that these valuable, one-of-a-kind missions 

safely leave Earth to explore this planet and the universe beyond. The program works with 

customers from universities, industry, government agencies, and international partners from the 

earliest phase of a mission. The funding provides the capability for NASA to maintain critical skills 

that provide technical management of launch services on the full fleet of existing and new launch 

systems. For more information, please see 

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/index.html. 







The Launch Services Program budget also supports integration activities for the Alpha Magnetic 

Spectrometer scientific instrument comprised of a 16-nation international particle physics and 

astrophysics experiment planned for the ISS that will look for dark matter, anti-matter, and strange 

matter. This experiment is sponsored by the Department of Energy and funded largely by 

International Partners.

Program Overview

Launch Services 91.7 99.6 84.0 83.4 83.8 83.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

91.7 99.6 84.0 83.4 83.8 83.8 --

Launch Services 91.8 89.6 85.9 84.1 83.9 83.9 82.8

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

91.8 89.6 85.9 84.1 83.9 83.9 82.8

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 -10.0 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.2 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-43
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Launch Services

There are four planned NASA launches for FY 2010 including Glory which will be launched on a 

Taurus XL; Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on an Atlas V; and Widefield Infrared Survery 

Explorer (WISE) and Aquarius missions on a Delta II. The LSP will also provide advisory expertise 

and services to SpaceX's second and third demonstration flights under the COTS Project and the 

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-P) under the NOAA/GOES Program. In 

addition to the processing, mission analysis, spacecraft integration and launch services of the above 

missions, LSP will continue the advanced planning and trade studies for launching future missions 

that will extend scientific knowledge and exploration capabilities, such as a mission to Jupiter, the 

next-generation Mars rover, and a mission to monitor climate trends and global biological productivity. 

LSP will also conduct advanced planning to support the evolving launch requirements for Moon and 

Mars exploration. Although NASA will begin to face challenges with all classes of launch services in 

2010, LSP will continue to provide support for the development and certification of emerging 

Alternative Launch Providers.

Plans For FY 2010

SPA-44
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Launch Services

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The primary elements of the Launch Services Program (LSP) are described below. LSP provides the 

acquisition of commercial services using primarily domestic launch vehicles and associated standard 

services and mission unique options. These services are contracted through LSP at the Kennedy 

Space Center. LSP provides acquisition and management of all program-related services; programlevel financial management including the integration and insight of the launch services tasks across 

multiple Centers; and management of all program resource requirements. LSP provides the 

Contracting Officer Technical Representative function for launch service contracts, and support 

services contracts, ensuring consistency and best practices are followed. LSP assures NASA 

retains the technical, management, and acquisition skills necessary to meet customer demand by 

providing the necessary resources required to meet the Agency's various needs. 







LSP provides mission integration, technical, and launch management functions. Manifesting and 

scheduling of payload launches are accomplished through the auspices of the Flight Planning Board. 

Through this process all space access requirements and priorities are assessed to develop flight 

planning manifests that best meet the requirements and capabilities of the Agency. LSP acquires 

launch services to meet the full range of customer requirements, ranging from finding space for small 

payloads to the launch of dedicated payloads on a range of launch vehicles. LSP also provides 

technical management of the launch service, including planning, execution, and support for flight 

project customer requirements. This element of the program provides for planning and 

implementation of mission-specific integration activities, coordination and approval of mission-unique 

launch vehicle hardware/software development, and provision of payload-processing 

accommodations. Additionally, LSP offers management of the launch campaign/countdown 

including coordination with other government agencies and the commercial sector. 







LSP provides engineering services and analysis for launch vehicle certification at levels of detail 

commensurate with the mission risk tolerance. The program maximizes the mission success of 

commercially developed expendable launch services by employing a technical oversight approach 

that includes a combination of specified approvals and targeted insight. This element also provides 

for the coordination of mission-specific and fleet-wide launch vehicle analyses, hardware changes, 

and production oversight, assessments, and out-of-family anomaly resolution. 







LSP Construction of Facility (COF) projects support repairs and modifications to existing buildings 

and launch pads on the Eastern and Western Coasts which sustain the processing, operations, and 

launch of NASA spacecrafts. A list of the total COF projects are included in the Cross Agency 

Support (CAS) section of this document.

Launch Services Program

The Launch Services Program is planning for 18 

Missions by 2014 and is providing an advisory 

role for 5 additional missions.

SMD - 16 Missions, and SOMD - 2 

Missions

None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SPA-45
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Launch Services

Program Management

Vehicle Production Insight Launch Services Program, 

Kennedy Space Center

Marshall Space 

Flight Center

Air Force, National Reconnaissance 

Office

Mission Planning and 

Integration

Launch Services Program, 

Kennedy Space Center

Kennedy Space 

Center

Science Mission Directorate, 

Exploration Systems Mission 

Directorate, Space Operations Mission 

Directorate, Missile Defense Agency, 

NOAA

Engine Assembly and Test Launch Services Program, 

Kennedy Space Center

Stennis Space 

Center

Air Force, National Reconnaissance 

Office

Launch Services Acquisition 

and Management

Launch Services Program, 

Kennedy Space Center

Kennedy Space 

Center

Air Force, National Reconnaissance 

Office

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Launch Services Program Manager reports to the Assistant Associate Administrator for Launch 

Services, Space Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

Under the NASA Launch Services (NLS) contracts with United Launch Alliance, Orbital Sciences 

Corporation (OSC), and Space Exploration Technologies, Inc. (SpaceX), the program acquires 

services associated with launches of Delta, Atlas, Pegasus, Taurus, and Falcon launch vehicles. 

Services are provided on a Firm-Fixed-Price / Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-Quantity (IDIQ) basis, and 

missions can be ordered under these contracts through June 2010. Missions not presently under 

contract are competed among existing NLS contractors through use of a Launch Service Task Order 

mechanism. In addition to the NLS contracts, the Glory mission is the only active one remaining 

under the Small Expendable Launch Vehicle Services contract with OSC.







The NLS solicitation contains a provision that permits technology infusion or improvements. New 

offerors may seek an NLS contract during open seasons that occur each year in February and 

August. The NLS contracts enable ordering of standard and non-standard services, as well as 

special studies and mission-unique modifications.







Integrated launch services are provided by the Analex Corporation through a hybrid fixed-price/cost 

contract which contains options to continue performance through September 2011. Payload 

processing for East Coast missions is provided by Astrotech Space Operations. West Coast payload 

processing is provided after a competitive selection by either Astrotech or Spaceport Systems 

International.

Acquisition Strategy

SPA-46
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Launch Services

Performance IPAO 

Assessment

10/2006 This was a Non-Advocate Review (NAR) of LSP 

to present information to Agency decisionmaking councils. The IPAO Review Team found 

that LSP is a highly successful program 

compliant with Agency direction, policy and 

directives. The review further illustrated that 

LSP's 100 percent launch success record, 

together with sound cost management, and 

demonstrates exceptional performance.

2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

SPA-47
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SPA-48
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Rocket Propulsion Test

As the principal implementing authority for NASA's rocket propulsion testing, the Rocket Propulsion 

Test (RPT) Program reviews, approves, and provides direction on rocket propulsion test 

assignments, capital asset improvements, test facility modernizations and refurbishments, integration 

for multi-site test activities, identification and protection of core capabilities, and the advancement and 

development of test technologies. 







RPT employs a collaborative approach to ensure rocket propulsion test activities are conducted in a 

manner that reduces cost, enhances safety, provides credible schedules, achieves technical 

objectives, and leverages the lessons learned. RPT reduces propulsion test costs through the safe 

and efficient utilization of rocket propulsion test facilities in support of NASA programs, commercial 

partners, and the Department of Defense, while eliminating unwarranted duplication. RPT sustains 

and improves Agency-wide rocket propulsion test core capabilities (both infrastructure and critical 

skills) and ensures appropriate levels of capability and competency are maintained. 







The program strategy is to fund and maintain a core competency of skilled test and engineering 

crews and test stand facilities; consolidate and streamline NASA's rocket test infrastructure; establish 

and maintain world-class test facilities; modernize test facility equipment; provide non-project specific 

equipment and supplies; and develop effective facility/infrastructure maintenance strategies and 

performance. RPT provides critical institutional and program capabilities to support NASA's missions. 







Further information on the RPT Program can be found at: https://rockettest.ssc.nasa.gov/.

Program Overview

Rocket Propulsion Testing 41.9 41.8 44.3 44.7 44.6 44.6 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

41.9 41.8 44.3 44.7 44.6 44.6 --

Rocket Propulsion Testing 41.9 41.8 45.8 44.6 44.5 44.5 44.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

41.9 41.8 45.8 44.6 44.5 44.5 44.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

SPA-49
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Rocket Propulsion Test

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

RPT represents the single point interface for NASA's rocket propulsion test facilities located at: 

Stennis Space Center (SSC), Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Johnson Space Center-White 

Sands Test Facility (JSC-WSTF), and Glenn Research Center-Plum Brook Station (GRC-PBS). 

These facilities have a replacement value of greater than $2 billion. The RPT sustains and improves 

Agency-wide rocket propulsion test core competencies (both infrastructure and critical skills), 

ensures appropriate levels of capability and competency are maintained, and eliminates unwarranted 

duplication. The program strategy is to fund and maintain core competencies of skilled test and 

engineering crews and test stand facilities; consolidate and streamline NASA's rocket test 

infrastructure; establish and maintain world-class test facilities; modernize test facility equipment; 

provide non-project specific equipment and supplies; and develop effective facility/infrastructure 

maintenance strategies and performance. The RPT budget does not include resources to support the 

marginal costs of testing (e.g., direct labor, propellants, materials, program-unique facility 

modifications, etc.) since these activities are funded by programs as a direct cost when they utilize 

the RPT test stands. When NASA, DoD, and commercial partners use the RPT-supported test 

stands, they are responsible for program-specific facility modifications in addition to the active testing 

of the program-specific test article.







RPT Construction of Facility (CoF) supports a project to modify the fluid processing facility at Stennis 

Space Center. A list of the total CoF projects are identified in the CAS section of this document.

RPT

Test facility management, maintenance, sustaining engineering, operations, and facility 

modernization projects required to keep the test-related facilities in the appropriate state of 

operational readiness will continue to be funded. Established testing requirements for the exploration 

program will be used to identify excess and "at-risk" test facilities and will support decisions relative to 

test asset consolidation initiatives. RPT's inventory of 32 test locations, ranging from active to 

mothballed facilities, will continue to be maintained at various states of operational readiness as 

required. Propulsion test technology development will also be continued. 







The RPT Program will also continue to assist in the rocket propulsion testing requirements definition 

for low Earth orbit and in-space propulsion systems and related technologies.

Plans For FY 2010

Support continued testing of SSME, Shuttle 

Reaction Control System, and SRB Technology 

testing.

Space Shuttle Program None

Support continued commercial testing of RS-68 

engine.

Pratt Whitney Rocketdyne/Air Force None

Support J-2X, Orion System, and ESMD 

Propulsion System technology development.

Constellation Program None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SPA-50
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Rocket Propulsion Test

Program Management

Technical Services and Support Stennis Space Center Jacobs-Sverdrup, 

Mississippi Space 

Services, Plum 

Brook Operations 

Support Group

Rocket Propulsion Test Management 

Board Members: Stennis Space 

Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Johnson Space Center, White Sands 

Test Facility, Glenn Research Center's 

Plum Brook Station, Kennedy Space 

Center (associate member), and Glenn 

Research Center (associate member). 

National Rocket Propulsion Test 

Management Board Department of 

Defense Members: Air Force 

Research Lab, Arnold Engineering 

Development Center, Redstone 

Technical Test Center, and Naval Air 

Warfare Center.

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Rocket Propulsion Testing Program Manager reports to the Assistant Associate Administrator for 

Launch Services, Space Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

The Test Operations Contract (TOC) will be completing its final option contract period in September 

2010. A new contract will be openly competed at that time.

Acquisition Strategy

SPA-51
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-52
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Crew Health & Safety

The health care of the NASA Astronaut Corps is the responsibility of Space Medical Operations at the 

Johnson Space Center. A portion of the responsibilities is managed within the Crew Health and 

Safety (CHS) Program. CHS enables healthy and productive crew during all phases of spaceflight 

missions and on the ground; implementation of a comprehensive health care program for astronauts; 

and the prevention and mitigation of negative long-term health consequences of space flight. The 

program works towards these goals by providing the means to capture and analyze the evidence 

base essential to identify health risks and apply this information to operational medicine. CHS also 

develops, assesses, and refines standards for clinical and physiological testing, in-flight health and 

performance, and environmental monitoring. Requirements for the medical care system are 

continually assessed and refined, modifications and enhancements identified, and development of 

capabilities undertaken when needed.

Program Overview

Crew Health and Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 --

Crew Health and Safety 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CHS will continue to help develop and refine a standardized battery of clinical and physiological tests 

for all crewmembers. Refinement of evidence-based information with the intent of applying this 

information to operational medicine continues. Crew Health Surveillance special projects will focus on 

developing and refining medical standards. This is critical to meet the needs of exploration timelines. 

Similarly, real-time mission evaluation will continue to help define and deliver medical operations 

hardware for current programs and meet the needs of known architectures. The Longitudinal Study of 

Astronaut Health will be enhanced with respect to data archiving and mining. This is crucial to being 

able to provide health information for current and future operational medical response, as well as for 

countermeasures development. Remote Medical Diagnostic and Informatics will design, implement, 

and maintain a comprehensive data management infrastructure. Modules for real-time collection of 

medically relevant mission data will continue to be added to the Mission Medical Information System 

this year. Additional tools will be implemented as operational needs and priorities are identified. 

NASA will continue adding all forms of clinical data to the Computerized Medical Information System, 

which is an electronic medical record used for real-time documentation of clinical care at the point of 

care. Finally, CHS will continue to develop and maintain environmental standards for all space 

exploration platforms.

Plans For FY 2010

SPA-53
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Crew Health & Safety

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Crew Health and Safety Program (CHS) medically prepares our astronauts for space flight, 

protects them from the hazards of space travel, and identifies methods that allow astronauts to 

improve their performance. CHS systematically identifies and assesses critical health and safety 

risks through projects such as Clinical Status Evaulation, Crew Health Surveillance, Real-Time 

Mission Evaluation, Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health, Remote Medical Diagnostic and 

Informatics, Computerized Medical Information System, Clinical Care Capability Development 

Project, and Environmental Monitoring.







There were no changes in scope, schedule, or direct costs for FY 2008 and beyond.

Crew Health and Safety

Database for Medical Requirements Data Remote Medical Diagnostic & 

Informatics

None

Environmental Standards Environmental Monitoring None

Electronic Medical Record System Computerized Medical Information 

System

None

Medical Hardware Certification Process Revision Clinical Care Capability Development None

Data Reports LSAH None

Analysis of Fitness-for-Duty Standards Clinical Status Evaluation None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

SPA-54
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Space Operations

Space and Flight Support (SFS)

Program: Crew Health & Safety

Other Institute of 

Medicine

03/2007 At the request of NASA, the Institute of Medicine 

established a committee and issued this report. 

The committee was charged with examining the 

process by which NASA establishes space flight 

health standards for human performance. It 

assured the transparency of the current process, 

as well as considering its validity and integrity, 

particularly related to ensuring worker safety 

and integrating stakeholder input.

TBD

Other Institute of 

Medicine

07/2008 This report examines NASA's plans to assemble 

the available evidence on human health risks of 

spaceflight and to move forward in identifying 

and addressing gaps in research. The 

committee provided recommendations to 

strengthen the content, composition, and 

dissemination of the evidence books.

04/2009

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Program Management

Remote Medical Diagnostic & 

Informatics

JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Environmental Monitoring JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Clinical Care Capability 

Development Project

JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Computerized Medical 

Information System

JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Clinical Status Evaluation JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Longitudinal Study of Astronaut 

Health

JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Real-Time Mission Evaluation JSC JSC/Wyle N/A

Crew Health Surveillance JSC JSC/Wyle JSC/Wyle

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Crew Health and Safety Program Manager reports to the Deputy Associate Administrator for 

Program Integration within Space Operations at NASA Headquarters.

No major acquisitions planned.

Acquisition Strategy

SPA-55
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

SPA-56
Mission Directorate: Education

NASA's Office of Education performs a leading role in inspiring the next generation of explorers through lessons, 

materials, research opportunities and hands-on activities that draw on NASA's unique missions. The National 

Research Council (NRC) in 2008, stated that "NASA has a unique and important role to play in motivating and 

inspiring students to consider STEM careers, and citizens to become more knowledgeable participants in the 

scientific arena." Accordingly, NASA's awe-inspiring science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 

initiatives lead the Nation's exploration of our Earth and its climate, Moon, Mars, and beyond, as well as engage 

teachers and learners of all ages in various classrooms venues. The Office of Education works to align the 

NASA education strategy with national STEM priorities in collaboration with other Federal agencies, and state 

and local education leaders.







NASA is a leader among Federal Research and Development agencies in promoting STEM education 

opportunities. NASA partners with academic institutions, professional education associations, industry, and 

other Government agencies to provide teachers and faculty with the experiences that capitalize on the 

excitement of NASA's discoveries to spark their students' interest and involvement. NASA invests in teacher 

professional development, post-secondary STEM degrees, school-based resources, and multiple on-line learning 

options. NASA resources and opportunities are available to a diverse audience of educators and students, 

including women, minorities, and persons with disabilities.







In FY 2010, NASA will pursue the following education priorities:



- Stimulate competitive research, through grants to universities, targeted education and support to our Nation's 

Minority Serving Institutions. In order to prepare students for future employment at NASA, in aerospace industry, 

or academia, student activities will be directly tied to real-world experiences (i.e., Constellation, Mars Exploration; 

global climate change; aeronautics).



- Provide opportunities for student flight projects to gain access to space. Through partnerships (NASA Centers, 

universities and industry), students will gain research experiences and hands-on engineering experience on a 

variety of real-world flight platforms (high altitude balloons, sounding rockets, aircraft, and space satellites).



- Prepare pre-college students for studies in science and mathematics and increase number of science and 

engineering graduates. High school students will intern under mentorship of NASA scientists and engineers, and 

university students will participate in ongoing space and aeronautics research missions. Many will contribute to 

original research and support designing hardware to fly on future NASA missions. Scholarships will be offered to 

the Nation's most talented students to support their studies and to help make college affordable.



- Recruit NASA scholarship, internship and fellowship recipients into cooperative-education (co-op) and Federal 

Career Intern Program (FCIP) positions open at NASA.



- Invest in strengthening curricula at the Nation's two-year community colleges which are critical to ensuring 

students are prepared for work and to successfully transition to four-year institutions. Additionally, NASA will 

promote graduating students having skills, knowledge, and hands-on experience to make them competitive when 

applying for employment with NASA, academia, or aerospace industries.



- Immerse students and educators in current NASA science and technology, using social networks, Internet 

collaborations, a virtual magnet school, and an online science teacher's certificate. NASA will make extensive 

use of telepresence technology, from web disseminated information and remote control of science instruments, 

to learning in virtual worlds.



- Inspire learning through participating in authentic experiences via NASA's Digital Learning Network (DLN). 

Student design competitions will be tied to NASA's ongoing priorities, allowing teachers to engage students in 

real-time, cutting edge science and engineering problems. DLN will "beam" NASA scientists, engineers, and 

astronauts into any classroom in the nation for real-time videoconferences on topics related to NASA science 

and engineering. An electronic professional development system for pre-service, in-service, and informal 

educators will go live in 2010. 



- Capitalize on the flight experiences of Educator Astronaut, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, aboard Shuttle 

Atlantis STS-131, to help Americans excel and embrace science and engineering.

Overview

EDU-1
Mission Directorate: Education

Education 146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 --

Education 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

0.0 53.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

EDU-2
Mission Directorate: Education

Major Changes:

None

Major Highlights for FY 2010

In FY 2010, NASA is reorganizing its Education Mission Directorate into three programs: Higher Education 

STEM Education, K-12 STEM Education, and Informal STEM Education.







Higher Ed STEM Education will include STEM Opportunities, Minority University Research and Education 

Program (MUREP), Space Grant, and Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). 

NASA also tracks within this program the funding the Congress provided for the Global Climate Change 

Education in 2008 and 2009. These projects will build, sustain, and provide a skilled, knowledgeable, 

diverse, and high performing workforce to meet the current and emerging needs of NASA and the Nation.







K-12 STEM Education includes 3 main areas. STEM Student Opportunities engage and help retain students 

in STEM disciplines through flight opportunities, hands on research and engineering experiences, and 

increased knowledge of NASA science & technology content. STEM Teacher Development uses NASA's 

content and resources to provide pre-service and classroom teachers with learning experiences to build 

STEM skills and better motivate students to pursue STEM careers. NASA also tracks within this program the 

funding the Congress provided in 2008 and 2009 for the K-12 Competitive Educational Grant Program. 







Informal STEM Education will support requests that come to NASA Centers from scouting groups, 

community based organizations, and other informal education providers who use NASA content to engage 

their audiences in STEM experiences. NASA will also support the Nation's museums, science centers and 

planetariums in developing innovative educational experiences that help the American public understand 

NASA's exploration mission. NASA also tracks within this program the funding the Congress provided in 

2008 and 2009 for science center, museum, and planetarium grants and the NASA Visitor Centers' 

education activities.







NASA does not request FY 2010 funding for the Global Climate Change Education, the K-12 Competitive 

Educational Grant Program, Science Museums and Planetarium Grants, or NASA Visitors Centers. NASA 

will be able to address the intended outcomes of these initiatives as well as NASA's stated education goals 

through programs for which the Agency is requesting funding.

New Initiatives:

Education

Plans for FY 2010

Education

EDU-3
Mission Directorate: Education

In FY 2010, NASA will invest $126M in STEM education. From this investment, NASA's Office of Education 

proposes to:







- Support more than 3,000 of the Nation's talented undergraduate and graduate students studying in STEM 

fields with scholarships, internships, and fellowships.







- Recruit students who receive scholarships, internships, and fellowships from NASA into co-op and Federal 

Career Intern Program (FCIP) positions that are open at NASA Centers. 







- Engage the capacity of over 550 of the Nation's colleges and universities through the National Space Grant 

College and Fellowship Program to engage students in student launch activities, scholarships, research, and 

courses based upon NASA science and engineering.







- Provide over $24M in grants to universities to support NASA-related research and to enhance their capacity 

to compete for new Federal research dollars.







- Provide 470,000 K-12 students with hands-on STEM experiences based on NASA's science and 

engineering disciplines.







- Link students in every state to NASA's missions, including the flight of Educator Astronaut Dorothy MetcalfLindenburger, via the Internet, Digital Learning Network, and other interactive technologies.







- Provide stipends, scholarships, internships, and fellowships for 350 underserved and underrepresented 

individuals beginning their careers as new faculty or entering the K-12 teaching profession.







- Ensure every Minority Serving Institution in the Nation has an awareness of NASA education and the tools 

necessary to support students applying for NASA support.







- Based upon science and shuttle missions launched in 2010, release three student design competitions, 

providing middle and high school students an opportunity to participate in activities based upon NASA's 

work.







- Publish interim results of the 2008 and 2009 NASA K-12 Competitive Grant Program, including: linkages 

between authentic research and field-based studies for students, new science courses for secondary school 

or dual credits (high school and college) based on NASA content, and new technology tools that extend the 

reach and impact of NASA activities to diverse audiences.







- Streamline applications for undergraduate and graduate students seeking internships and fellowships at 

NASA Centers, thus allowing students to apply to multiple centers and internship programs through one 

application.







- Connect prospective students to current interns via social networking technologies to allow peer-to-peer 

mentoring and coaching.

EDU-4
Theme: Education

Mission Directorate: Education

Education 146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 146.8 115.6 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 --

Informal STEM Education 13.5 14.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

K-12 STEM Education 41.3 47.5 43.3 41.0 41.0 41.0 42.7

Higher Ed. STEM Education 92.0 107.7 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.7 80.7

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 146.8 169.2 126.1 123.8 123.8 123.8 125.5

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 0.0 53.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Theme Overview

EDU-5
Theme: Education

Mission Directorate: Education

NASA Education works to foster a science, technology, engineering, and math workforce in fields that 

support NASA's strategic goals; attract students to the disciplines through a progression of education 

opportunities; and build strategic partnerships between formal and informal education providers. 

Education investments are an important component to establishing NASA affinity with students and 

institutions to help ensure workforce availability in needed disciplines to support NASA's mission. To 

this end, education investments are a significant part of an integrated Agency-wide approach to 

human capital management, supporting Agency strategic goals.







NASA grounds all education in the NASA science and exploration missions and works cooperatively 

with the Mission Directorates in planning and implementation. Activities and experiences offered to 

students provide authentic opportunities to interact with scientists and engineers, perform hands-on 

operations, and conduct cutting-edge research in areas critical to NASA's exploration plans. Providing 

these experiences and pipelining participants into NASA, aerospace industry, and academic 

employment will result in a robust workforce that enables the Nation to compete globally in related 

science and technology fields.







See FY 2010 Performance Plan, under Management and Performance, for specific annual goals for 

Education.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Forty years after Apollo XI landed on the moon, the Nation faces new challenges and competition to 

our leadership in science, technology, and innovation. NASA's education investments increase the 

scientific literacy of students and the public, enabling a better understanding of technology advances 

and building a stronger STEM workforce.



 



NASA helps to ensure the Nation's future competitiveness by building and improving youth interest in 

STEM careers, quality of teacher preparation, student achievement in STEM disciplines, practices in 

enabling STEM learning at all levels, students interest in and out of the classroom, and public 

understanding and interest in STEM.



 



NASA is uniquely qualified to achieve these goals because of its inspiring missions, workforce, 

facilities, research, and innovations. NASA provides one-of-a-kind opportunities for students, 

teachers, and the public to gain access to authentic spaceflight projects and real-world experiences 

derived from our exploration and aerospace missions.

EDU-6
Theme: Education

Mission Directorate: Education

NASA Education implements a continuum of projects that increase the number of students proficient 

in STEM, who choose to major in STEM disciplines, and pursue careers in STEM fields, an 

imperative for NASA and the Nation.







NASA is committed to engaging all people in the results of our missions, research, and innovations. 

NASA sustains relationships with more than 500 colleges and universities, hundreds of K-12 

schools/districts, and more than 350 museums and science centers. In conjunction with products and 

services provided through extended networks, professional partners, and education technologies, 

these relationships enable NASA to reach tens of thousands of collegians, more than a million K-12 

students, and innumerable members of the general public each year. Student and public interest and 

engagement in NASA missions helps create a more scientifically literate and globally competitive 

populace.







NASA leverages and helps to grow the infrastructures and capabilities of formal and informal 

education communities by: providing access to NASA staff, research, technology, information, and 

facilities; supporting cutting-edge student research that contributes to NASA missions; creating 

necessary professional development opportunities for STEM educators; and by forming collaborative 

partnerships that improve STEM teaching and learning in formal and informal education. NASA 

targets recruitment and retention of underserved and underrepresented students, drawing on a 

largely untapped source of talent to create a diverse future workforce to better serve the Agency and 

the Nation.

EDU-7
Theme: Education

Mission Directorate: Education

NASA's Office of Education Performance Achievement Highlights for FY 2008 are reflected below: 







- NASA provided opportunities to help students and educators gain hands-on experiences in a range 

of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related areas through internships, 

fellowships, and research. These opportunities provided students with the motivation, inspiration, and 

experience needed to serve the Nation's current and future workforce needs. NASA provided for more 

than 3,000 summer internships at Centers; more than 800 study opportunities, including 538 Space 

Grants, to underserved students, teachers, and faculties; and 139 grants were awarded to 50 

underrepresented and underserved institutions. Of the students who participated in undergraduate 

programs, 44 percent continued to pursue advanced degrees. Of those students who completed a 

NASA program and were eligible to enter the workforce, 51 percent entered NASA-related careers, 

including working for NASA, aerospace contractors, universities and other educational institutions.



- NASA attracted and retained students in STEM disciplines through the use of educational 

opportunities for students, teachers, and faculty. An example is the Lunar Plant Growth Chamber 

Engineering Design Challenge, which achieved participation of over one million students who 

designed greenhouse chambers to study plants grown from seeds that flew in space. Students also 

conducted classroom experiments that may help NASA find new ways to grow and sustain plants in 

space and on the Moon. Other examples of NASA attracting and retaining students in STEM 

disciplines were achieved with: (1) engaging over 200 high school interns in NASA STEM activities 

(underrepresented and underserved students targeted) in NASA's Interdisciplinary National Science 

Program Incorporating Research & Education (INSPIRE) program which has been implemented 

across NASA's 10 Centers; (2) using new Digital Learning Network (DLN) technology enabling NASA 

scientists and engineers to virtually "beam" into classrooms throughout the Nation; and (3) supporting 

NASA Explorer Schools activities that reached over 105,000 students through instructional and 

enrichment activities. 



- NASA promoted a continuous awareness of its Mission and STEM literacy by partnering with the 

NASA Museum Alliance, the Space Place Network (in every state), the Smithsonian, NASA Visitor 

Centers, and the Office of Education on a number of special projects. For example, the NASA 

Museum Alliance provided programming at various museums. This, in turn, allowed the museums to 

share coverage of Shuttle flights STS-122, 124 and 126. Additionally, coverage and exhibits on a 

number of aeronautics and space activities, such as the Mars rovers, the Mars Reconnaissance 

Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft, and the study of heliophysics were made available to many visitors.



- NASA supported innovative efforts to improve global climate education for educators and students, 

through the Global Climate Change Education initiative that the Congress funded in both FY 2008 and 

FY 2009. 



- NASA awarded grants to public schools and nonprofit organizations on a competitive basis, through 

the K-12 Competitive Educational Grant Program that the Congress funded in both FY 2008 and FY 

2009 to seek out and support new, innovative, and replicable approaches to improving STEM learning 

and instruction.



-NASA selected institutions to develop and implement public engagement activities and enhance 

education programs related to space exploration, aeronautics, space science, Earth science, or 

microgravity through the Science Museums and Planetarium Grants initiative that the Congress 

funded in both FY 2008 and FY 2009. 



- NASA provided resources at the ten NASA Centers to enhance education activities (e.g. Science on 

a Sphere) through the NASA Visitor Centers initiative that the Congress funded in both FY 2008 and 

FY 2009.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

EDU-8
Theme: Education

Mission Directorate: Education

All Abt 

Associates, 

Cambridge, 

MA

FY 2009 The external evaluation contractor is initiating 

the planning phase for reviewing selected 

projects in the Higher Education program.

FY 2010

All Abt 

Associates, 

Cambridge, 

MA

FY 2008 An external independent evaluation of the 

SEMAA project, (including RCT), is assessing 

the effectiveness and determining how intended 

goals are being implemented. Evaluation will 

consider the overall effort, provide data on how 

differences in effectiveness are associated with 

site-site variations, and offer explanations for 

observed outcomes. Abt is to provide results in 

FY 2009.

FY 2013

All NRC - 

National 

Academies

FY 2008 An external independent review and critique of 

Elementary & Secondary Ed Program, 

conducted by the NRC, included: 1) 

effectiveness of program; 2) adequacy of 

metrics and data collection, effectiveness of 

individual projects 3) funding priorities in the 

program; 4) extent and effectiveness of 

coordination and collaboration between NASA 

and other federal agencies. Outcome: NRC 

reinforced the important role of NASA STEM 

education; several recommendations were 

provided and are being implemented.

2010-12

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

EDU-9
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

EDU-10
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Global Climate Change 

Education

7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Minority University Research 

& Education Program

27.5 28.1 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 --

Experimental Program to 

Stimulate Competitive 

Research

12.8 8.3 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 --

NASA Space Grant 35.7 28.7 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 --

STEM Opportunities (Higher 

Education)

9.0 9.5 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

92.0 74.7 79.1 79.1 79.2 79.2 --

Global Climate Change 

Education

7.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Minority University Research 

& Education Program

27.5 28.2 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7

Experimental Program to 

Stimulate Competetive 

Research

12.8 20.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

NASA Space Grant 35.7 40.0 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4

STEM Opportunities (Higher 

Education)

9.0 9.5 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

92.0 107.7 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.7 80.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 33.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

EDU-11
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program (Space Grant) is a national network of 

colleges and universities that works to expand opportunities for students and faculty to understand 

and participate in NASA's aeronautics and space programs by supporting and enhancing science, 

and engineering education, research, and public information programs.

National Space Grant

STEM Opportunities focuses on strengthening the research capabilities of the Nation's colleges and 

universities, and providing opportunities that attract and prepare increasing numbers of students for 

NASA-related careers. The research conducted by these institutions contributes to the research 

needs of NASA's Mission Directorates and furthers the Nation's scientific and technology innovation 

agendas. The student projects serve as a major link in the pipeline for addressing NASA's Human 

Capital Strategies. The projects build, sustain, and effectively deploy the skilled, knowledgeable, 

diverse, and high-performing workforce needed to meet the current and emerging needs of NASA 

and the Nation's workforce.







STEM Opportunities will consist of the following projects: 







- Undergraduate Student Researchers Project (USRP) attracts undergraduate students from the 

widest array of backgrounds, who are fully representative of America's racial, economic, ethnic, and 

cultural diversity. It provides them with hands-on, challenging research experiences that stimulate 

continued student interest in the fields/disciplines aligned with NASA's research and development 

mission.







- Graduate Student Researchers Project (GSRP) cultivates research ties to the academic community 

to help meet the continuing needs of the Nation's aeronautics and space effort. GSRP increases the 

number of highly trained scientists and engineers in aeronautics and space-related disciplines, and 

broadens the base of students pursuing advanced degrees in science, mathematics, and 

engineering. The program awards research fellowships for graduate study leading to masters or 

doctoral degrees in the fields of science, mathematics, and engineering related to NASA research 

and development.







- Innovation in STEM Education is a new competitive solicitation, that enables NASA to seek out and 

support innovative and replicable approaches to improve STEM learning and instruction, and 

opportunities for student and faculty to participate in NASA related research.

STEM Opportunities (Higher Education)

EDU-12
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) develops academic research 

enterprises that are long term, self-sustaining, and nationally competitive by supporting states with 

modest research infrastructure to become more competitive in attracting research funding. Funding 

is awarded to lead academic institutions in twenty-eight eligible states to foster a science, 

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) relationship with industries for research and 

development opportunities.







Section 704 (b) of the NASA Authorization Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-422) directs that NASA, as part of 

its annual budget submission, detail additional steps that can be taken to further integrate the 

participating EPSCoR States in both existing and new or emerging NASA research programs and 

Center activities. The following information is provided pursuant to this direction:







NASA actively seeks to integrate the research conducted by EPSCoR jurisdictions and the 

aerospace and exploration agenda being pursued by the Agency. Mission Directorate 

representatives work closely with EPSCoR program management so that current and future research 

and engineering needs are reflected in EPSCoR solicitations. The Mission Directorates serve as the 

proposal selection committee, further ensuring that the selected work contributes to NASA priorities. 







Technical Monitors (TM) at the NASA Field Centers and Headquarters monitor and assess the 

progress of each award. They provide scientific guidance and technical advice throughout the year, 

as required, on the overall progress of the proposed effort, and review the annual progress report. 

Additional involvement may occur, depending upon the nature of the collaboration already 

established or desired. This includes, but is not limited to: integrating the EPSCoR research into 

ongoing activities or research efforts and increasing the Principal Investigator and his/her team's 

awareness of other related or relevant research in NASA.







In FY10, NASA Education is planning a technical assistance workshop with EPSCoR jurisdictions.

Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research

EDU-13
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Minority University Research and Education Program (MUREP) engages underserved and 

underrepresented populations in many ways: 1) multiyear grants awarded to assist minority 

institutions, faculty, and students in research pertinent to NASA missions; and 2) recruitment and 

retention efforts to students underrepresented in STEM disciplines, through completion of 

under/graduate degrees through entry into the scientific and technical workforce. The program is 

composed of Research Clusters, University Research Centers and Minority Institution 

Collaborations. 







Research Clusters is composed of 5 research activities:



- Motivating Undergraduates in Science and Technology (MUST) provides partial scholarships to 

underserved undergraduate students to support up to 50% of tuition and fees. Students also 

participate in a NASA Center internship.



- Curriculum Improvement Partnership Award for the Integration of Research (CIPAIR) is a 3-year 

undergraduate STEM curriculum improvement effort, using NASA related content, for minority 

institutions (MI), including Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions, 

Tribal Colleges and Universities, and others.



 - NASA Science and Technology Institute for Minority Institutions (NSTI-MI) provides research 

opportunities for faculty and students from MIs that contribute to NASA's astrobiology, biotechnology, 

IT, and nanotechnology research agenda. Faculty and students collaborate with scientists at NASA, 

industry, academia and nonprofit organizations to research technologies enabling future exploration.



- Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship Project (JPFP) provides support for underrepresented students 

(women, minorities, and persons with disabilities) in STEM disciplines who seek advanced degrees 

and opportunities in NASA-related disciplines, thereby increasing the number of skilled workers. The 

JPFP provides its participants with access to NASA mentors, NASA research opportunities, and the 

ability to network and collaborate with the aerospace professionals.



- NASA Administrator's Fellowship Project (NAFP) provides an opportunity for NASA employees to 

spend a year at MI institutions to help them build research competitiveness. Faculty and 

administrators spend a year at a NASA Center doing research and gaining experience in the federal 

system. 







University Research Centers provide a broad-based, competitive NASA-related research capability 

among the Nation's MIs to foster new aerospace science and technology concepts; expand the 

Nation's base for aerospace R&D; develop mechanisms for increased participation by faculty and 

students of MI in mainstream research; and increase the number of underserved students obtaining 

advanced degrees in STEM disciplines. 







Minority Institutions Collaborations is a project made up of two activities: 



- Tribal College & University (TCU) Project responds to Executive Order 13270, TCU, directing 

Federal agencies to provide support to Tribal College faculty and students. NASA partners with 

TCUs to: increase student and faculty involvement in space exploration and cutting-edge technology, 

improve competitiveness for Federal grants and resources, and provide high-quality educational 

opportunities to Native American students and faculty. 



- MUREP Small Projects support a variety of opportunities for students, teachers, faculty and 

researchers from underrepresented and underserved communities in NASA-related STEM fields.

Minority University Research and Education Program

EDU-14
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Promote a nationwide network of state-based 

consortia to engage students and faculty in 

NASA research and other opportunities; 

enhance capabilities of eligible states and 

institutions to compete for NASA-sponsored 

research and technology opportunities

Higher Education STEM Education 

Program/ Space Grant, EPSCoR

None

Provide undergraduates and graduate students 

opportunities to engage in research and 

engineering supporting NASA missions.

Higher Education STEM Education 

Program/ STEM Opportunities

None

Target underserved and under-represented 

students with opportunities to engage in 

research and engineering supporting NASA 

missions. Enhance capabilities of minority 

serving institutions to compete for NASAsponsored work.

Higher Education STEM Education 

Program/ MUREP (Research Clusters, 

URC, MI Collaborations)

None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

EDU-15
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

Program Management

Experimental Project to 

Stimulate Competitive Research 

(EPSCoR); [Higher Education 

STEM Education]

Kennedy Space Center 

(KSC)

All NASA Centers Twenty-seven EPSCoR eligible states 

provided required cost sharing funds. 

In FY 2008 it is anticipated that the 

average ratio of cost sharing to award 

for EPSCoR research awards will be 

$0.65 to $1.00 and EPSCoR RID 

awards will average to $1.05 to $1.00 

cost sharing, as reported in FY 2007.

MUREP: Minority Institutions 

Collaborations; [Higher 

Education STEM Education]

NASA Headquarters Office 

of Education

All NASA Centers None

MUREP: University Research 

Centers (URC); [Higher 

Education STEM Education 

Program]

Dryden Research Flight 

Center (DRFC)

AL NASA Centers None

Minority University Research 

and Education Program 

(MUREP) Research Clusters; 

[Higher Ed STEM Ed]

Ames Res Center (ARC), 

Glenn Res Center (GRC), 

Jet Prop Lab (JPL), 

Marshal Space Flight 

Center(MSFC)

All NASA Centers None

Undergraduate Student 

Research Program (USRP); 

[Higher Education STEM 

Education Program]

Johnson Space Center 

(JSC)

All NASA Centers None

National Space Grant College 

and Fellowship Project (Space 

Grant); [Higher Education 

STEM Education]

NASA Headquarters Office 

of Education

All NASA Centers Fifty-two (52) state (including Puerto 

Rico and District of Columbia) 

consortia provide required cost 

sharing. In FY 2008 it is anticipated 

that the average ratio of cost sharing 

to award will be $0.82 to $1.00; as 

reported in FY 2007.

Innovation in STEM Education 

[Higher Education STEM 

Education Program]

NASA Headquarters Office 

of Education

All NASA Centers None

Graduate Student Research 

Program (GSRP); [Higher 

Education STEM Education 

Program]

Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) All NASA Centers None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Assistant Administrator for Education is responsible to the NASA Administrator for NASA's 

education portfolio, reports to the Chief of Strategic Communication, serves as NASA Education 

Officer, and manages all education responsibilities.

EDU-16
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Higher Ed. STEM Education

NASA solicits new and innovative education products, tools, and services from qualified external 

organizations. This occurs in response to changes in STEM education trends, identified gaps or 

opportunities in the education portfolio of investments, a response to demonstrated customer need or 

demand, or when the Administration or Congress identifies new priorities.







NASA encourages participation of new or less experienced organizations and awards education 

grants and contracts through full and open competition. NASA includes feedback from staff, subject 

matter experts, and public in developing solicitations, including the requirements, expected 

outcomes, schedules, proposal instructions, and evaluation approaches. NASA solicits comments on 

perceived programmatic risk issues associated with performance of the work. Procurement offices at 

NASA review all solicitations.







NASA awards all major grants and cooperative agreements based on reviews by external panels of 

peers for educational merit; NASA and external scientists and engineers for content, merit, feasibility, 

and alignment to education goals; and Mission Directorates for alignment with NASA's research and 

development interests. Indications of a clear competitive process are an integral part of reviews.



NASA makes awards only after qualified assessments of merit. While competition may sometimes be 

restricted by legislation to designated participants, such as defined EPSCoR states, grant awards 

and selection of participating institutions are still determined competitively. When designated 

participants are identified, all proposals are reviewed for merit, and each award must be justified and 

deemed worthy of funding.

Acquisition Strategy

EDU-17
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

EDU-18
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

K-12 Competitive Educational 

Grant Program

11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

STEM Teacher Development 

(K-12)

23.1 30.4 33.9 31.6 31.6 31.6 --

STEM Student Opportunities 

(K-12)

6.6 8.6 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

41.3 38.9 44.8 42.5 42.5 42.5 --

K-12 Competitive Educational 

Grant Program

11.6 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

STEM Teacher Development 

(K-12)

20.1 21.0 28.9 26.5 26.5 26.5 28.2

STEM Student Opportunities 

(K-12)

9.6 10.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

41.3 47.5 43.3 41.0 41.0 41.0 42.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 8.6 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

EDU-19
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

STEM Student Opportunities focus on engaging and retaining students in STEM education programs 

to encourage pursuit of NASA's future engineering, scientific, and technical missions through flight 

opportunities, hands on research and engineering experiences, and increased knowledge of NASA 

science & technology content. 







The following are projects included in the STEM Student Opportunities portfolio.







- Education Flight Projects provide hands-on experiences to inspire and motivate students to pursue 

studies and careers in STEM through participation in NASA research applications. Activities include 

ISS Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM), Amateur Radio on the 

International Space Station (ARISS), ISS In-flight Education Downlinks, and On-orbit Education 

Activities.







- Interdisciplinary National Science Project Incorporating Research and Education Experience 

(INSPIRE) is designed to maximize student participation and involvement in NASA and STEM, and 

enhance the STEM pipeline from high school (grades 9-12) into the undergraduate level.







- Science Engineering Mathematics and Aerospace Academy (SEMAA) reaches K-12 minority and 

underserved students that are traditionally underrepresented in careers involving STEM. Students 

meet during school, after school or on Saturday mornings and during the summer to engage in 

NASA-based hands-on, interactive learning sessions that are specifically designed for each grade 

level.







- Learning Technologies Project (LTP) develops and refines leading-edge or cutting-edge 

technologies that are in use within NASA missions and/or projects to enhance the teaching and 

learning of scientific concepts. Technologies funded under LTP are developed, evaluated, and 

leveraged with strategic partners to extend reach into educational and commercial applications.

STEM Student Opportunities (K-12)

EDU-20
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

STEM Teacher Development uses NASA's unique content and resources to provide pre-service and 

classroom teachers with learning experiences that build critical instructional STEM skills and enable 

teachers to better motivate students to achieve academic excellence and pursue STEM careers. 







The following are projects included in the STEM Teacher Development portfolio.







- Aerospace Education Services Project (AESP) serves the K-12 education community by providing 

classroom demonstrations, faculty workshops, parent training, in-service and pre-service training for 

teachers, and appropriate classroom resources. 







- NASA Explorer Schools (NES) will take a new direction in FY10. The 2007 National Academies 

review of the project, input from 2008 external focus groups, and findings and recommendations of 

the 2009 Benchmarking Study provide the basis for the new secondary education model that will be 

implemented. The NES project will be open to all interested secondary schools and will heavily utilize 

current technologies in the delivery of opportunities and experiences to meet the needs of today's 

learning and learners. 







- Endeavor Science Teacher Certificate Program (ESTCP), a new competitive project in 2009 with 

goal of awarding over 200 Fellowships to in-service and alternative-route teachers over the next 5 

years. The project provides workshops to educators of future science teachers at colleges of 

education. They receive assistance in delivering NASA content in methods and practicum courses 

for the pre-service teachers. The majority of the Endeavor fellows serve underrepresented student 

populations. ESTCP assists teachers' professional growth by helping them to earn and maintain 

state certification. 







- NASA Educational Technologies Services (NETS) is responsible for maintaining educational 

content on NASA Portal, managing operations of Office of Education web site and other e-based 

dissemination/publishing networks. Additional web support is provided to the education video file 

(education programming) on the NASA TV Public Services channel and NASA TV Education 

Services channel.







- Learning Environments and Research Network (LEARN) encompasses 3 major activities: NASAsponsored Classroom of the Future, Digital Learning Network (DLN), and electronic professional 

development infrastructure. The intent of LEARN is to conduct empirical educational research that is 

the basis for development and testing of off-the-shelf and new educational technologies, enabling 

NASA to better meet the needs of its educational audiences. LEARN will incorporate research 

findings on cognition, effective application of technology to educational settings, integration of NASA 

content, and delivery through videoconferencing, Internet multimedia, handheld devices, and 

dissemination infrastructures available to the Agency. 







- e-Education Small Projects develop infrastructure and deploy research-based technology 

applications, products, and services to enhance the educational process for formal and informal 

education. The project emphasis is implementation of educational product development, review, and 

meta-tagging processes and final distribution through approved media, electronic, and/or site-based 

channels. Another aspect of e-Education Small Projects is the Central Operations for Resources for 

Educators (CORE). CORE is a national distribution center for NASA's audiovisual educational 

materials.

STEM Teacher Development (K-12)

EDU-21
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

Provide experiences, tools, & opportunities to 

educators & students, to engage in missions & 

learning experiences, & ability to teach/learn in 

STEM disciplines, & increased use of leveraged 

multimedia-rich products & technology 

infrastructures.

K-12 STEM Education/STEM Student 

Opportunities, STEM Teacher 

Development

None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

EDU-22
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

Program Management

NASA Explorer Schools (NES) 

(STEM Teacher Development); 

[K-12 STEM Education 

Program]

Glenn Research Center 

(GRC)

All NASA Centers None

eEducation Small Projects 

(STEM Teacher Development); 

[K-12 STEM Education 

Program]

Marshall Space Flight 

Center (MSFC)

All NASA Centers None

Endeavour Teacher Science 

Certificate Project (STEM 

Teacher Development); [K-12 

STEM Education Prog]

Goddard Space Flight 

Center (GSFC)

All NASA Centers None

Learning Environment and 

Research Network (LEARN) 

(STEM Teacher Development); 

[K-12 STEM Education]

Langley Research Center 

(LaRC)

All NASA Centers None

NASA Education Technology 

Services (NETS) (STEM 

Teacher Development); [K-12 

STEM Education Program]

Marshall Space Flight 

Center (MSFC)

All NASA Centers None

Flight Projects (STEM Student 

Opportunities); [K-12 STEM 

Education]

Johnson Space Center 

(JSC)

All NASA Centers None

Aerospace Education Services 

Program (AESP) (STEM 

Teacher Development); [K-12 

STEM Education Prog]

Langley Research Center 

(LaRC)

All NASA Centers None

Interdisciplinary Nat Sci Prog 

Inc Res & Ed Exper (INSPIRE)

(STEM Student Opportunity);

[K12 STEM Ed]

Kennedy Space Center 

(KSC)

All NASA Centers None

NASA Learning Technologies 

Project (LTP) (STEM Student 

Opportunity); [K-12 STEM 

Education Program]

Goddard Space Flight 

Center (GSFC)

All NASA Centers Project Whitecard, Information in Place 

and Virtual Heroes (competitively 

selected) will provide in-kind labor and 

product development costs for an 

educational game.

Science, Engin. Math & 

Aerospace Acad.(SEMAA) 

(STEM Student Opportunity); [K

-12 STEM Education Prog]

Glenn Research Center 

(GRC)

All NASA Centers Fourteen implementation sites are 

required to develop local partnerships 

for cost and resource sharing

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Assistant Administrator for Education is responsible to the NASA Administrator for NASA's 

education portfolio, reports to the Chief of Strategic Communication, serves as NASA Education 

Officer, and manages all education responsibilities.

EDU-23
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: K-12 STEM Education

NASA solicits new and innovative education products, tools, and services from qualified external 

organizations. This occurs in response to changes in STEM education trends, identified gaps or 

opportunities in the education portfolio of investments, a response to demonstrated customer need or 

demand, or when the Administration or Congress identifies new priorities.







NASA encourages participation of new or less experienced organizations and awards education 

grants and contracts through full and open competition. NASA includes feedback from staff, subject 

matter experts, and public in developing solicitations, including the requirements, expected 

outcomes, schedules, proposal instructions, and evaluation approaches. NASA solicits comments on 

perceived programmatic risk issues associated with performance of the work. Procurement offices at 

NASA review all solicitations.







NASA awards all major grants and cooperative agreements based on reviews by external panels of 

peers for educational merit; NASA and external scientists and engineers for content, merit, feasibility, 

and alignment to education goals; and Mission Directorates for alignment with NASA's research and 

development interests. Indications of a clear competitive process are an integral part of reviews.



NASA makes awards only after qualified assessments of merit. While competition may sometimes be 

restricted by legislation to designated participants, such as defined EPSCoR states, grant awards 

and selection of participating institutions are still determined competitively. When designated 

participants are identified, all proposals are reviewed for merit, and each award must be justified and 

deemed worthy of funding.

Acquisition Strategy

EDU-24
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Informal STEM Education

Provide educators and students with tools, 

experiences and opportunities to engage in 

NASA missions and learning experiences, 

improving their knowledge of, and ability to 

teach/learn in STEM disciplines.

Informal STEM Education Program/ 

NASA Informal Education Opportunities 

(NIEO)

None

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

NASA Visitor Centers 5.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 --

Science Museums and 

Planetarium Grants

7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

13.5 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 --

NASA Informal Education 

Opportunities

0.0 0.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

NASA Visitor Centers 5.8 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Science Museums and 

Planetarium Grants

7.8 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

13.5 14.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

NASA Informal Education Opportunities (NIEO) includes a competitive grants component for the 

Nation's museums, science centers and planetariums to enhance NASA STEM education activities, 

including exhibits, events and materials. NIEO also supports each NASA Center, allowing the 

Agency to retain NASA-unique informal education experts and activities that occur at the NASA 

Centers and their visitor centers. Funded activities address one or more of the NASA Education 

outcomes and align with NASA Education principles, and state or national standards. Starting in 

2010, the NASA Explorer Institutes (NEI) pilot will end and be replaced by the NIEO.

NASA Informal Education Opportunities (NIEO)

EDU-25
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Education

Education

Program: Informal STEM Education

NASA solicits new and innovative education products, tools, and services from qualified external 

organizations. This occurs in response to changes in STEM education trends, identified gaps or 

opportunities in the education portfolio of investments, a response to demonstrated customer need or 

demand, or when the Administration or Congress identifies new priorities.







NASA encourages participation of new or less experienced organizations and awards education 

grants and contracts through full and open competition. NASA includes feedback from staff, subject 

matter experts, and public in developing solicitations, including the requirements, expected 

outcomes, schedules, proposal instructions, and evaluation approaches. NASA solicits comments on 

perceived programmatic risk issues associated with performance of the work. Procurement offices at 

NASA review all solicitations.







NASA awards all major grants and cooperative agreements based on reviews by external panels of 

peers for educational merit; NASA and external scientists and engineers for content, merit, feasibility, 

and alignment to education goals; and Mission Directorates for alignment with NASA's research and 

development interests. Indications of a clear competitive process are an integral part of reviews.



NASA makes awards only after qualified assessments of merit. While competition may sometimes be 

restricted by legislation to designated participants, such as defined EPSCoR states, grant awards 

and selection of participating institutions are still determined competitively. When designated 

participants are identified, all proposals are reviewed for merit, and each award must be justified and 

deemed worthy of funding.

Acquisition Strategy

Program Management

NASA Informal Education 

Opportunities (NIEO); [Informal 

STEM Education Program]

NASA Headquarters Office 

of Education

All NASA Centers None

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

The Assistant Administrator for Education is responsible to the NASA Administrator for NASA's 

education portfolio, reports to the Chief of Strategic Communication, serves as NASA Education 

Officer, and manages all education responsibilities.

EDU-26
Cross-Agency Support

NASA's Cross-Agency Support (CAS) provides critical mission support activities that are necessary to ensure the 

efficient and effective operation and administration of the Agency but cannot be directly aligned to a specific 

program or project requirement. These functions align and sustain institutional and program capabilities for the 

purpose of supporting NASA's mission portfolio by leveraging resources to meet mission needs, establishing 

Agency-wide capabilities, and providing institutional checks and balances. NASA's CAS includes three themes: 

Center Management and Operations; Agency Management and Operations; and Institutional Investments. CAS 

institutional and program capabilities ensure core services are ready and available Agency-wide for performing 

our Mission roles and responsibilities. CAS institutional capabilities ensure agency operations are effective and 

efficient and activities are conducted in accordance with all statutory, regulatory, and fiduciary responsibilities. 

CAS program capabilities ensure vital skills and assets are ready and available to meet technical milestones for 

programs and projects; ensure missions and research are technically and scientifically sound; and ensure that 

Agency practices adhere to standards and processes that ensure safety and reliability through proper 

management of risk.







Center Management and Operations directly supports Agency programs and projects that are hosted and 

executed at NASA Centers. This theme provides for the care of institutional assets, for establishing and 

maintaining the staff and their competencies, and for the facilities required by current and future programs and 

projects at nine field Centers. Center Institutional Capabilities provides resources, oversees the assignment of 

workforce and facilities, and manages Center operations. Center Program Capabilities sustains the technical 

facilities, workforce expertise and skills, and equipment, tools, and other resources required to facilitate program 

and project execution.







NASA's Agency Management and Operations activities provide policy and oversight to assure compliance with 

external and internal requirements; assure safety and mission success; sustain Agency-wide critical capabilities; 

and support technology development. These activities provide effective and efficient management of human 

capital, acquisitions, financial performance, information technology, and performance improvement. Agency 

Management and Operations provides for near and long-term alignment of its human capital policy and a 

corporate approach to managing its unique or highly-specialized facilities. It maintains a core complement of civil 

service professionals to resolve its financial, acquisition, and business challenges.







NASA's Institutional Investments ensures that facilities and field installations are ready to meet the Agency's 

Mission requirements in a safe, secure and environmentally sound manner. The Agency identifies facility and 

environmental requirements for its missions and establishes investment activities to ensure readiness. 

Institutional Construction of Facilities provides for the construction, repair, rehabilitation, and modification of the 

Agency's basic infrastructure and institutional facilities. To ensure that the Agency's facilities can efficiently and 

effectively support its mission into the future, NASA has undergone a comprehensive review of its facilities and is 

developing plans to reduce and renew these critical assets. NASA's Environmental Compliance and Restoration 

Program provides the personnel, services, and activities necessary to complete the cleanup of hazardous 

materials and wastes that have been released to the surface or groundwater at NASA installations. These 

activities are mandated under a variety of federal and state environmental laws and regulations, as well as 

legally enforceable orders and agreements.

Overview

CROSS-1
Cross-Agency Support

Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

Institutional Investments 319.7 308.7 331.7 335.9 330.4 338.3 --

Agency Management and 

Operations

830.2 945.6 945.5 939.8 950.5 961.3 --

Center Management and 

Operations

2,013.0 2,045.6 2,046.7 2,088.0 2,155.3 2,211.6 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

3,242.9 3,299.9 3,323.9 3,363.7 3,436.1 3,511.3 --

Congressionally Directed Items 80.0 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Institutional Investments 325.5 343.7 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0

Agency Management and 

Operations

834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5

Center Management and 

Operations

2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

3,251.4 3,356.4 3,400.6 3,468.4 3,525.7 3,561.4 3,621.4

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

8.5 56.5 76.7 104.7 89.6 50.1 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-2
Cross-Agency Support

Major Changes:

In FY 2010, NASA is initiating the Innovative Technology project to establish a process to identify, 

competitively select, and fund new technologies with high potential to increase capbilities of future programs.

None

Major Highlights for FY 2010

New Initiatives:

Agency Management and Operations

Major Changes:

None

New Initiatives:

Center Management and Operations provides for continuing operations of nine field Centers in support of 

NASA's mission portfolio. It ensures that Centers can provide the basic support required to meet internal and 

external requirements; effectively manage its human capital, information technology, and facility assets; 

responsibly execute its financial management and acquisition responsibilities; ensure independent technical 

oversight of NASA's programs and projects in support of safety and mission success; and provide a safe, 

secure, and environmentally sustainable workplace. Additionally it provides increased funding to partially 

offset rising utility costs and the added repair requirements of NASA's aging technical and institutional 

facilities. Without such increase, many facility maintenance activities would be deferred, increasing the risk of 

costly emergency repairs in future years.

Major Highlights for FY 2010

None

Center Management and Operations

Plans for FY 2010

Cross-Agency Support

CROSS-3
Cross-Agency Support

Major Changes:

None

New Initiatives:

Major Highlights for FY 2010

None

Institutional Investments

The Agency Management and Operations programs will continue to deliver policies, controls, and oversight 

across a range of functional and administrative management service areas including procurement, finance, 

human capital, real property and infrastructure, security, diversity, equal opportunity, and small business.







The Safety and Mission Success program will continue to administer and refine policies, procedural 

requirements, and technical standards. Safety and Mission Success program activities are a key compenent 

of the forums that provide advice to the Administrator, Mission Directorates, Program Managers and Center 

Directors who are ultimately accountable for the safety and mission success of all NASA programs, projects, 

and operations. The plans for FY 2010 provide for an effective NASA Engineering and Safety Center, NASA 

Safety Center, and Independent Verification and Validation Facility as established and recognized 

components of a well-rounded and complete remedial response to lessons learned from NASA's greatest 

tragedies. The plans include the required support for independent research, audit, and assessment of NASA 

activities that have risk for loss or failure.







NASA will complete deployment of several initiatives to improve security, efficiency and integration of 

information and systems. The NASA CIO will consolidate several IT contracts and implement centralized 

management of the IT infrastructure, which is expected to yield efficiencies and improved security of 

networks, end-user devices, and data center services. The Security Operations Center (SOC) will be fully 

implemented and enable improved incident detection and response via centralized monitoring and intrusion 

detection across all Centers. The NASA Communications Improvement (NCI) project will reconfigure border 

routers, gateways and circuits to better control and secure the network perimeter, enabling implementation of 

Trusted Internet Connections. The Center Zoned Architecture Project (CZAP) will establish network security 

zones to enable secure collaboration across NASA Centers and programs, while still allowing necessary 

connectivity with external partners and universities for research. Finally, the use of Smart Cards for logical 

access to many NASA systems will complete testing and undergo initial implementation.







Innovative Partnerships Program's portfolio of technology investments and partnerships will continue to 

address the technology needs of NASA's Mission Directorates, and IPP will continue to transfer NASAderived technology for broad public benefit. Specifically IPP plans to achieve 105 instances of technology 

infusion into NASA programs in FY 2010. 







Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP) will continue to provide strategic management and funding for 

critical facilities. The current portfolios consist of thermal vacuum chambers which provide for the thermal 

testing of spacecraft, flight simulators which provide for simulation of air and space vehicle flight 

characteristics, and arc jet for critical testing of re-entry materials.

CROSS-4
Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments will improve mission assurance by making repairs to critical facilities supporting 

NASA programs. This will improve system reliability and reduce risk to mission success. Approximately 20 

projects in the program will improve infrastructure reliability, having a direct impact on mission assurance.







NASA will continue to invest in a sustainable future through the construction of buildings and major 

renovations that incorporate sustainable features such as reduced energy and water usage, improved indoor 

environment, and reduced environmental impact.







NASA will mitigate identified risks to personnel and property with cleanup of hazardous materials and 

wastes, repairs to protection systems, security upgrades, and improvements for hurricane hardening. 

Several projects in the program will result in a safer environment for NASA workers and reduced damage to 

NASA property from weather events, fires, etc.







NASA will continue to reduce its infrastructure through the Construction of Facilities demolition program. 

NASA continues to identify obsolete, abandoned, and un-needed infrastructure and will use the demolition 

program to eliminate facilities that are costly to maintain and pose safety or environmental risks as they 

deteriorate.

CROSS-5
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CROSS-6
Theme: Center Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Center Management and Operations 2,013.0 2,045.6 2,046.7 2,088.0 2,155.3 2,211.6 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 2,013.0 2,045.6 2,046.7 2,088.0 2,155.3 2,211.6 --

Center Management and Operations 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

Total Change from FY 2009 Request -1.3 -21.6 37.3 31.2 -12.8 -45.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

NASA's Center Management and Operations (CMO) budget request funds the ongoing management, 

operations, and maintenance of nine NASA field Centers, including four major component facilities, in 

ten separate states across the Country. It provides Center Institutional and Program Capabilities to 

satisfy program requirements and schedules. The Center Management and Operations budget 

request enables execution of NASA's mission at the Centers by providing the resources required to 

effectively oversee the assignment of workforce and facilities and manage Center operations to 

facilitate program and project execution while ensuring that statutory, regulatory, and fiduciary 

compliance requirements are met.

Theme Overview

CROSS-7
Theme: Center Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Activities funded within the FY 2010 CMO budget request include a wide variety of essential operations:







Security, environmental management, and safety services to ensure that Centers meet basic workplace 

standards for the public and for the NASA workforce;







Facility maintenance and operations, including utility funding, to support the Agency's infrastructure, including 

support to more than 5,500 facilities with a Current Replacement Value of over $23B;







Information Technology services to provide video, voice, network, data center, and desktop computer support 

at the Centers;







Program Capability support required to ensure that the Agency's Science, Engineering, and Technical 

Authority staff have the resources, services, and laboratory support required to achieve the Agency's 

technical mission;







Training, logistics, occupational health, and human resources services required to support the Agency's 

16,600 Center civil servants;







Senior management, legal, Equal Employment Opportunity, and public affairs support at the Centers;







Procurement and Financial services supporting contract and financial management; and







Labor for the civil servants and on-site contractors that provide the above essential services at the Centers.

Center Management and Operations

Plans for FY 2010

NASA's Center Management and Operations contributes to the Agency's Strategic Goals by providing 

critical institutional and program capabilities to support NASA's missions. It provides critical mission 

support activities that are necessary to ensure the efficient and effective operation and administration 

of the Agency's field centers but cannot be directly aligned to a specific program or project 

requirement. These functions align and sustain institutional and program capabilities for the purpose 

of executing NASA's mission portfolio.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Strategic communications activities at the Centers keep stakeholders and the public informed in a 

way that helps them understand our policies, programs, and plans. It also fulfills the mandate of the 

National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 "[to] provide for the widest practicable and appropriate 

dissemination of information concerning its activities and results thereof."

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Center program capability support to NASA's mission contributes to the development of advances in 

U.S. leadership in human space exploration,aeronautics, space and earth sciences, advancement of 

technical partnerships in the commercial space sector, and development of innovative technologies 

that benefit society.

CROSS-8
Theme: Center Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Over the past year NASA Centers continued to provide high quality support for the execution of 

Programs and Projects. NASA faced the challenge of providing adequate levels of institutional support 

to the current programs while absorbing increasing labor and utility costs and new requirements from 

external initiatives and mandates.







To partially offset these increasing costs, NASA has implemented energy savings initiatives, 

consolidated activities, and reduced or deferred some Center Management and Operations activities, 

particularly in the area of facility maintenance. 







To support energy savings, NASA updated its facilities maintenance and operations practices to 

strengthen the commitment to and use of sustainable procedures and methods within existing facilities 

as outlined by the U. S. Green Building Council LEED re-commissioning guidelines. NASA 

implemented plans to provide electrical service metering and monitoring for facilities, installing 

metering, as appropriate, in most facilities. This enables a reduction in electrical power use by 

monitoring real-time usage to identify and resolve inefficient practices. NASA initiated water 

conservation technical assessments in FY 2008 and will complete assessments in FY 2009, to enable 

NASA to achieve its goal of reducing water usage 15% by FY 2015. 







Consolidation efforts included the migration of financial management's Accounts Payable and 

Accounts Receivable to the NASA Shared Services Center and initial implementation of an Information 

Technology (IT) infrastructure consolidation and renewal process. The IT activities improve the 

Agency's IT Security posture and control IT operation cost growth, now and into the future. The 

consolidation efforts maximize organizational effectiveness to achieve NASA's mission.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

CROSS-9
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

CROSS-10
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Center Management and Operations

Program: Center Management and Operations

Center Programmatic 

Capabilities

459.4 454.0 449.4 473.8 492.6 511.1 --

Center Institutional 

Capabilities

1,553.6 1,591.6 1,597.3 1,614.3 1,662.6 1,700.5 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

2,013.0 2,045.6 2,046.7 2,088.0 2,155.3 2,211.6 --

Center Programmatic 

Capabilities

456.1 445.0 475.4 493.1 510.8 528.9 545.4

Center Institutional 

Capabilities

1,555.6 1,579.0 1,608.6 1,626.1 1,631.7 1,637.2 1,644.5

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

2,011.7 2,024.0 2,084.0 2,119.2 2,142.5 2,166.1 2,189.9

Changes from FY 2009 Request -1.3 -21.6 37.3 31.2 -12.8 -45.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-11
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Center Management and Operations

Program: Center Management and Operations

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

NASA's Center Program Capability supports the scientific and engineering staff across the Agency 

tasked with providing engineering assessment and safety oversight pertaining to the technical 

readiness and execution of NASA programs and projects. It also sustains NASA's analysis, design, 

research, test services, and fabrication capabilities; enabling efficient execution of the programs and 

projects hosted at the Centers. A key component of NASA's overall system of checks and balances 

is provided within Technical Capabilities through formally delegated Technical Authorities. The 

Technical Authorities at NASA's nine Centers number 900 civil servants who provide independent 

oversight and review of programs and projects in support of safety and mission success. This is to 

assure that NASA's activities are safely implemented in accordance with accepted standards of 

professional practice and applicable NASA requirements.







The FY 10 request reflects an increase above the FY 09 level due to a transfer of technical capability 

support at Ames Research Center from program budgets to CMO. This zero-sum transfer of content 

and budget aligns Ames CMO technical capability content with that of the rest of the Agency to 

improve consistency and clarity.

Center Program Capability

NASA's Center Institutional Capability encompasses a diverse set of activities including financial and 

human capital management; acquisition services; facility maintenance; utilities; information 

technology; and safety and security. This capability manages and sustains the Center staff, facilities 

and operations required for program and project execution and provides for the ongoing operations 

of nine Center campuses to maintain a safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly workplace. 







Most of NASA's facilities are more than 40 years old and are becoming increasingly expensive to 

operate and maintain. As a result, deferred maintenance of these facilities increased 6% in FY 2008. 

In addition, facility energy unit costs have increased 8% annually since FY 2000 due to rising energy 

costs, outpacing Agency efforts to reduce utility usage. The FY 2010 Center Management request 

includes additional funding to partially offset these increasing costs. In order to better adapt to these 

ongoing rising costs, NASA is pursuing a long-term facility strategy with the ultimate goal of reducing 

the size of NASA's infrastructure, improving building efficiency, and reducing operational facility costs 

across the Agency.

Center Institutional Capability

CROSS-12
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Center Management and Operations 

Program: Center Management and Operations Program

CENTER MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS TECHNICAL AUTHORITY

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2009 

Enacted 

FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Safety & Mission Assurance Technical 

Authority Total 50.0 51.1 51.7 53.4 55.3 56.6 

Ames Research Center 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 

Dryden Flight Research Center 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 

Glenn Research Center 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 

Goddard Space Flight Center 13.7 13.0 13.3 13.6 14.0 13.9 

Johnson Space Center 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.7 7.0 7.2 

Kennedy Space Center 10.0 10.4 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.3 

Langley Research Center 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 

Marshall Space Flight Center 8.1 8.2 8.5 8.8 9.2 9.4 

Stennis Space Center 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 

Engineering Technical Authority Total 118.2 125.2 129.6 134.6 139.4 143.7 

Ames Research Center 2.6 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 

Dryden Flight Research Center 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.8 7.0 

Glenn Research Center 13.2 13.7 14.3 14.9 15.6 16.0 

Goddard Space Flight Center 11.1 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.3 15.2 

Johnson Space Center 19.8 21.5 21.7 22.4 22.5 22.5 

Kennedy Space Center 11.9 12.3 12.7 13.1 13.6 14.0 

Langley Research Center 15.7 16.3 17.0 17.6 18.4 19.1 

Marshall Space Flight Center 35.2 37.1 38.4 39.7 41.2 42.3 

Stennis Space Center 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 

CROSS-13
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CROSS-14
Theme: Agency Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program 27.2 28.0 29.8 30.7 30.7 30.7 --

Innovative Partnerships Program 146.8 175.7 181.9 178.0 178.1 178.1 --

Agency IT Services (AITS) 133.1 163.9 145.9 133.1 133.5 133.9 --

Safety and Mission Success 161.6 163.4 165.4 167.3 169.3 171.3 --

Agency Management 361.5 414.6 422.5 430.6 438.8 447.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 830.2 945.6 945.5 939.8 950.5 961.3 --

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program 27.2 28.0 29.4 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.5

Innovative Partnerships Program 146.8 160.2 184.8 184.9 185.7 186.3 187.0

Agency IT Services (AITS) 134.9 163.9 150.4 138.3 138.0 138.3 139.7

Safety and Mission Success 171.5 179.1 183.9 186.1 188.6 190.9 193.0

Agency Management 353.8 390.0 412.7 417.4 422.0 426.6 431.3

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 834.1 921.2 961.2 956.9 964.5 972.3 981.5

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 4.0 -24.4 15.7 17.1 14.0 11.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Agency Management and Operations provides for the management and oversight of Agency 

missions, programs, functions and performance of NASA-wide activities. 







Agency Management and Operations activities at NASA Headquarters ensure that 1) core services 

are ready and available Agency-wide for performing our Mission roles and responsibilities, 2) the 

Agency operations are effective and efficient, and 3) our activities are conducted in accordance with 

all statutory, regulatory, and fiduciary responsibilities.







NASA Headquarters develops policy and guidance for the Centers and provides strategic planning 

and leadership on the issues concerning availability, readiness, and sustainability. They also 

establish programs and initiatives to maximize individual and organizational capabilities.







NASA Headquarters establishes Agency-wide requirements and capabilities that improve 

collaboration, efficiency, and effectiveness. Agency management leverages resources and 

capabilities to meet mission needs, eliminate excess Agency capacity, and scale assets accordingly. 







Agency Management and Operations includes the Headquarters management of all essential 

corporate functions such as human capital, finance, information, infrastructure, procurement, chief 

counsel, security, occupational health and safety, equal opportunity and diversity, small business 

programs, external relations, and strategic communications.







This theme is divided into the following five programs: Agency Management, Safety and Mission 

Success, Agency Information Technology Services, Innovative Partnerships Program, and Strategic 

Capabilities Assets Program.

Theme Overview

CROSS-15
Theme: Agency Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP) will continue to provide management oversight and critical 

funding for our current portfolio of assets. These portfolios include thermal vacuum chambers which provide 

capability for thermally testing spacecraft, flight simulators which test air and space vehicles flight 

characteristics, and arc jet which provides capability for critical testing of re-entry materials.

Strategic Capabilities Assets Program

Innovative Partnerships Program's (IPP) portfolio of technology investments and partnerships will continue to 

address the technology needs of NASA's Mission Directorates, and IPP will continue to transfer NASAderived technology for broad public benefit. Specifically IPP plans to achieve 105 instances of technology 

infusion into NASA programs in FY 2010. Sources of technology for infusion come from many elements of the 

IPP portfolio including Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR), Small Business Technology Transfer 

Research (STTR), Seed Fund, Centennial Challenges, and other partnerships. IPP also plans to advance 

technologies that have potential for use by NASA, as measured by improvements in their technology 

readiness level. In FY 2010, IPP plans to achieve 200 Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) step 

advancements through its technology portfolio.

Innovative Partnerships Program

NASA will continue operations for essential Agency IT services such as the Agency business applications, the 

NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) program, NASA Public Web portal, NASA Enterprise 

Architecture, and E-Government in FY 2010. The NASA Information Resources Management Strategic Plan 

focuses on four goals in this budget year associated with the Agency IT Services program. The four goals are: 

1) improve the management of information and information technology, 2) improve the security of NASA 

information and information technology, 3) improve IT efficiency and collaboration capabilities, and 4) improve 

IT service delivery and visibility.

Agency IT Services (AITS)

The Safety and Mission Success program will continue to administer and refine the pertinent policies, 

procedural requirements, and technical standards. The program will participate in forums that provide advice 

to the Administrator, Mission Directorates, Program Managers and Center Directors who are ultimately 

accountable for the safety and mission success of all NASA programs, projects, and operations. The plans for 

FY 2010 provide for an effective NASA Engineering and Safety Center, NASA Safety Center, and 

Independent Verification and Validation Facility as established and recognized components of a well-rounded 

and complete remedial response to lessons learned from NASA's greatest tragedies. These organizations 

form a basis for a more disciplined execution of safety, reliability, quality and system engineering needed for 

the successful pursuit of NASA's missions.

Safety and Mission Success

The Agency Management program will continue to deliver policies, controls, and oversight across a range of 

functional and administrative management service areas including procurement, finance, human capital, real 

property and infrastructure, security, diversity, equal opportunity, and small business.

Agency Management

Plans for FY 2010

CROSS-16
Theme: Agency Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

NASA's Agency Management and Operations (AMO) contributes to the Agency's Strategic Goals by 

providing critical institutional and program capabilities to support NASA's missions. AMO provides 

ongoing management support, technology alternatives to NASA programs and projects, and IT 

operations to benefit all Mission Directorates. The management of the Agency's unique test facilities 

and technical capability, including independent engineering and safety oversight provided in AMO are 

critical to NASA's success.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

Strategic communications at NASA Headquarters keep stakeholders and the public informed in a way 

that helps them understand our policies, programs, and plans. It also fulfills the mandate of the 

National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 to provide for the widest practicable and appropriate 

dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Through the Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP), NASA provides technology transfer out of NASA 

for commercial and other benefits to the Nation, facilitating protection of the government's rights in 

NASA's inventions, as mandated by legislation. NASA's Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) 

and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide the high-technology small 

business sector with an opportunity to develop technology for NASA. Technology partnerships and 

Centennial Challenges tap into sources of innovation outside NASA and leverage NASA's resources 

with private or other external resources to develop new technologies for NASA mission use. Seed 

Fund contributes to the development of technology through leveraged development with industry and 

other partners, and to support NASA programs and priorities. IPP serves NASA's mission interests, 

both in the near and long terms, through developing a broad range of technologies and advancing 

their technology readiness and provides opportunities to a broad spectrum of U.S. industrial and nonprofit entities for direct involvement in addressing NASA's technology needs in exploration and other 

missions.

CROSS-17
Theme: Agency Management and Operations

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

All IPAO 

(Independ 

Program 

Assmt)

2009 Review Implementation of Strategic Capabilities 

Assets Program providing a credible, objective 

assessment of program performance and 

management. Review is completed and has 

been closed.

none

Independent Reviews:

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

AMO supported on-going management and operations activities across the Agency and was 

responsible for operational efficiency gains in many mission support areas during this past year. With 

the initiation of the IT infrastructure consolidation, the Agency's IT security posture was improved and 

IT operational cost was brought under control. Network consolidation and security operations center 

initiatives successfully completed their Critical Design Review.







NASA established a fully integrated state-of-the-art photo and ID/access control system in compliance 

with Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-12) requirements and deadlines. Currently, 

NASA has issued 95% of HSPD-12 compliant credentials/badges to NASA's eligible workforce and is 

on target to achieve 100% by the end of the 2nd quarter FY2009. Noted counterintelligence 

accomplishments included conducting 17 full field investigations and producing Agency and Centerspecific CI/CT threat assessments for all 9 centers and JPL.







The Agency established a solid baseline for the successful implementation of an Agency Safety 

Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Accomplishments include the 1) development of a technical qualification 

program for Agency Safety and mission assurance technical excellence, 2) trending of root causes 

and communication of lessons learned from Agency mishap investigations, and 3) continuation and 

improvement of the Agency safety and mission assurance review and audit program.







The NASA Engineering and Safety Center made progress resolving NASA's most critical mission 

success issues including the Shuttle Engine Cut-off Sensor reliability, Shuttle Wing Leading Edge 

reinforced carbon spallation, ISS rotary joint bearing life, and Orion seat landing loads attenuation, 

power system optimization, and acceleration options. The Agency developed a strategy for Agencywide support of Product Data Management/Product Lifecycle Management standards and 

implementation. 







The Agency negotiated fifty-five Space Act Agreements with domestic and foreign government 

entities, processed 3,000 Agency-wide export control related actions including 230 export license 

reviews, and 500 foreign national visit reviews. NASA implemented the Continuous Monitoring 

Program which provided an overall framework of management controls that NASA uses to assess and 

evaluate internal controls, compliance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and evidence 

that balances and activity reported in its financial statements are accurate and complete. After 

establishing the FY08 Small Business Improvement Plan oriented toward increasing the number of 

competitively awarded small business prime contracts, the Agency increased small business prime 

contract awards by $291M. The Agency also enhanced acquisition planning and implementation by 

increasing the success of NASA programs, projects, and institution in meeting their commitments.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

CROSS-18
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Agency Management

Agency Management provides governance and functional and administrative management oversight 

for the Agency. Through Agency Management, policies, controls, and oversight are delivered across 

a range of functional and administrative management service areas. This program function primarily 

supports on-going operations. Agency Management support reflects the activities required for being 

in business in the federal sector and provides the capability to respond to legislated or other 

mandated services that the Agency must provide.







Agency Management activities are performed at NASA Headquarters with critical support provided by 

multiple NASA field centers including the NASA Management Office (NMO) at the Jet Propulsion 

Laboratory and the NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) at Stennis Space Center. The Agency 

Management program supports over thirty-five discrete operations and mission support projects with 

over 210 separate activity line items. 







Agency Management governance and oversight activities include the NASA Administrator and staff, 

finance, security, general counsel, public affairs, external relations, legislative affairs, training, human 

capital, procurement, real property and infrastructure, budget management, systems support, internal 

controls, diversity, equal opportunity, program analysis and evaluation, and small business programs.







The Agency Management program provides for the operational activities of Headquarters as an 

installation. These activities include building lease costs, facility operations costs such as physical 

security, maintenance, logistics, information technology hardware and software costs, and automated 

business systems implementation and operations costs including e-Government initiatives.







Agency Management provides for all the Headquarters civil service labor and related personnel costs 

including the civil service labor for all the Mission Directorates. The program also covers the travel 

and business costs for over twenty mission support and staff offices of the Headquarters workforce.







The program is responsible for conducting independent technical assessments of Agency programs 

and delivers strategic planning services. Through Agency Management efforts, NASA program and 

mission performance are assessed and evaluated.

Program Overview

Agency Management 361.5 414.6 422.5 430.6 438.8 447.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

361.5 414.6 422.5 430.6 438.8 447.3 --

Agency Management 353.8 390.0 412.7 417.4 422.0 426.6 431.3

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

353.8 390.0 412.7 417.4 422.0 426.6 431.3

Changes from FY 2009 Request -7.6 -24.6 -9.8 -13.2 -16.8 -20.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-19
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Agency Management

Agency Management will deliver policies, controls, and oversight across a range of functional and 

administrative management service areas, and provide independent technical assessments and 

strategic planning service, and direct the activities in procurement, finance, human capital, real 

property and infrastructure, security and program protection, diversity, equal opportunity, and small 

business.

Plans For FY 2010

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The Agency Management budget includes Headquarters personnel salaries, benefits, travel, training, 

and operational costs such as rents, IT support, payroll information services, and facility services. 

Civil Service labor components include employee salaries and benefits and associated employee 

costs, such as, employee awards, promotions, lump sum retirement payments, worker's 

compensation, permanent change of station, recruit and retention allowances, transit subsidy 

program, student loan repayments and employee training. The FY 2010 labor budget supports 1,200 

FTE. This reflects the HQ downsizing of 40 FTEs from the 1,240 funded level in FY 2009.







HQ Operations elements include the lease costs for the rent of the HQ office building, and Inspector 

General leased space in New Jersey and California. Other significant operations activities include: 

IT and Communications infrastructure hardware and software acquisitions and maintenance, 

contracted IT support services, printing, graphics; facility operations support including physical 

security, custodial and maintenance services, equipment, expendable supplies, mail services, motor 

pool operations, logistics services, emergency preparedness, employee occupational health/fitness 

and medical services; human resources staffing, employee payroll and benefits processing, 

retirement services, grants awards, and employee training; costs of support provided by the Goddard 

Space Flight Center for accounting and procurement operations; costs of operations support, 

configuration maintenance, automated business and administrative systems; contract close-out 

services and payments to the Office of Naval Research for grants management ; equal opportunity 

alternate dispute resolution services, EEO complaint investigations and special emphasis diversity 

recognition program; and human resources.







Agency Management also provides the functions of finance, security, and program analysis. The 

Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is responsible for the financial leadership of NASA and its primary duty 

is to uphold strong financial management and accountability while providing timely, accurate, and 

reliable financial information and enhancing internal control. The Security and Program Protection 

(OSPP) office serves as the focal point for policy formulation, oversight, coordination and 

management of the Agency security, counter-intelligence (CI), counter-terrorism (CT), emergency 

preparedness planning, and continuity of operations functions. Program Analysis and Evaluation 

(PA&E) is an independent assessment organization that provides objective, transparent, and 

multidisciplinary analysis to support strategic decision making.

Agency Management

CROSS-20
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Agency Management and Operations 

Program: Agency Management 

HEADQUARTERS BUDGET BY OFFICE

Footnote: 

(1) An additional $39.3M of prior year funds were obligated in FY 2008, for a total executed budget of 

$393.2M. 

CROSS-21
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Agency Management and Operations 

Program: Agency Management 

HEADQUARTERS TRAVEL BUDGET BY OFFICE

FY 2008 FY 2009

Headquarters Travel Budget ($ in millions) Actuals Enacted FY 2010

Total Headquarters Travel Budget 9.4 9.4 9.1

Mission Directorates 4.6 4.9 4.8

Science 1.4 1.3 1.2

Aeronautics Research 0.5 0.4 0.4

Exploration Systems 1.2 1.5 1.5

Space Operations 1.5 1.7 1.7

 

Mission Support and Staff Offices 4.6 4.4 4.2

Office of the Administrator 0.3 0.4 0.4

Safety and Mission Assurance 0.3 0.3 0.3

Program Analysis and Evaluation 0.3 0.2 0.2

Chief Engineer 0.2 0.2 0.2

Program and Institutional Integration 0.2 0.2 0.2

Chief Financial Officer 0.3 0.4 0.4

Chief Health and Medical Officer 0.1 0.1 0.1

Chief Information Officer 0.2 0.1 0.1

External Relations 0.8 0.7 0.7

General Counsel 0.1 0.1 0.1

Innovative Partnership Program 0.1 0.1 0.1

Institutions and Management 

 Institutions and Management 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Diversity and Equal Opportunity 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Human Capital Management 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Infrastructure 0.5 0.4 0.4

 Internal Controls and Management Systems 0.0 0.1 0.0

 Procurement 0.2 0.2 0.2

 Small Business Programs 0.1 0.1 0.1

Security and Program Protection 0.2 0.2 0.1

Strategic Communications // 

 Strategic Communications 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Education 0.1 0.2 0.2

 Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Public Affairs 0.2 0.1 0.1

Operations 0.2 0.1 0.1

Office of Headquarters Operations 0.0 0.1 0.1

Budget Management and Systems Support 0.2 0.0 0.0

CROSS-22
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Agency Management and Operations 

Program: Agency Management 

HEADQUARTERS FTE ASSIGNMENTS BY OFFICE

CROSS-23
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CROSS-24
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

Independent Verification and 

Validation

29.0 29.3 29.7 30.0 30.3 30.6 --

Chief Health and Medical 

Officer

2.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 --

Chief Engineer 87.7 87.0 88.2 89.4 90.6 91.9 --

Safety and Mission Assurance 42.2 42.9 43.4 43.8 44.2 44.6 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

161.6 163.4 165.4 167.3 169.3 171.3 --

Independent Verification and 

Validation

30.5 45.0 29.7 30.0 30.3 30.6 31.9

Chief Health and Medical 

Officer

2.3 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

Chief Engineer 94.8 87.0 102.2 103.6 105.3 106.8 107.0

Safety and Mission Assurance 43.9 42.9 48.3 48.8 49.3 49.7 50.4

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

171.5 179.1 183.9 186.1 188.6 190.9 193.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 9.9 15.7 18.5 18.8 19.3 19.6 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-25
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

The Safety and Mission Success (SMS) program includes the NASA Headquarters programs for 

technical excellence, assurance and technical authority. SMS includes the corporate work managed 

by the offices of the Chief, Safety and Mission Assurance (including the NASA Safety Center and the 

Independent Verification and Validation Facility), the Chief Engineer (including the NASA Engineering 

and Safety Center), and the Chief Health and Medical Officer. The elements of SMS reflect the 

recommendations of many studies, boards and panels including the direct recommendations from two 

major accident investigations resulting in the loss of 14 astronauts (Challenger, 1986 and Columbia, 

2003). The features of these programs directly support NASA's core values and serve to improve the 

likelihood for safety and mission success for NASA's programs, projects, and operations while 

protecting the health and safety of NASA's workforce. Aerospace technology advancement, because 

it is leading the edge of known capability, will always present a risk of catastrophe. SMS is the only 

resource that has as its exclusive mission the objective to extend the intervals between success and 

the ever-present possibility of failure.







SMS is responsible for developing policy and procedural requirements. The program provides advice 

to the Administrator, Mission Directorates, Program Managers and Center Directors who, due to their 

line management responsibilities, are ultimately accountable for the safety and mission success of all 

NASA programs, projects and operations and the safety and health of the associated workforce. In 

addition, SMS resources provide the foundation for NASA's system of "checks and balances" 

enabling the effective application of the strategic management framework and the technical 

authorities defined in NASA's Strategic Management and Governance Handbook. SMS funding 

maintains and trains a competent technical workforce within the disciplines of system engineering 

(including system safety, reliability, and quality) and space medicine.







Resources provided by SMS are essential for judging the implications on safety and mission success, 

as well as the health and medical aspects of new requirements and departures from existing 

requirements. With this funding, an array of professionals judge the criticality of the associated risk 

and evaluate the risk acceptability through an established process of independent review and 

assessment. The information and advice from these experts is critical for developing key decision 

information for the proper execution of the delegated technical authority applied at program and 

project decision forums.

Program Overview

CROSS-26
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

For FY 2010, the individual plans for each element of the SMS align with and directly support the 

objectives of the Agency's four Mission Directorates by helping to improve the likelihood of safety and 

mission success for all NASA programs, projects, and operations. SMS managers will continue to 

administer and refine the pertinent policies, procedural requirements, and technical standards. The 

managers will participate in forums that provide advice to the Administrator, Mission Directorates, 

Program Managers and Center Directors who are ultimately accountable for the safety and mission 

success of all NASA programs, projects, and operations.







The plans for FY 2010 provide for an effective NASA Engineering and Safety Center, NASA Safety 

Center, and Independent Verification and Validation Facility as adjuncts and necessary to fulfilling the 

organization's assigned missions. This support assures that NASA civil service employees have, and 

continue to apply, the appropriate knowledge, skills, abilities, and tools for sound and well-informed 

decision-making on matters critical to safety and mission success. The plans will include prioritized 

development, maintenance, and conduct of training and education necessary for assuring the 

existence of a competent technical workforce. The plans include the required support for independent 

research, audit, and assessment of NASA activities that have risk for loss or failure.







These organizations charter independent reviews under SMS resources that judge the safety and 

likelihood of success of NASA activities and the health of those individuals exposed to risks that are 

not commonplace. The ability to author effective requirements, evaluate precisely the departures from 

conformance with existing requirements, and determine the criticality of the risk and evaluate and 

advise on its acceptability are totally reliant on the proper investment in SMS. This established 

process of independent review supports informed decision-making through the execution of 

delegated technical authority applied to program and project decisions. Without a robust application 

of these resources, the Agency strategy to challenge the validity of complex engineering and 

operational plans and proposals is flawed and subject to incuring unneccessary risks.







Due to the tremendous energies possessed by space debris, the collision between a piece of debris 

only a half-inch in diameter and an operational spacecraft has the potential for catastrophic 

consequences. The intentional destruction of the Chinese Fengyun-1C weather satellite in January 

of 2007 and the accidental collision of American and Russian spacecraft in February 2009 have 

increased the cataloged debris population by nearly 40 percent, in comparison with all the debris 

remaining from the first 50 years of the Space Age. For FY 2010, NASA, in connection with the U.S. 

Space Surveillance Network, will increase its effort in scientific studies to characterize the near-Earth 

space debris environment, to assess its potential hazards to current and future space operations, and 

to identify and to implement means of mitigating its growth. Enhancements to this space situational 

awareness data program during FY 2010, especially close approach predictions, offer the greatest 

near-term and lowest cost improvement to space safety.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-27
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The SMS supports the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) by providing resources for 

independent evaluations of their approaches to improving mission success. OSMA is responsible for 

establishing and maintaining an acceptable level of technical excellence and competence in safety, 

reliability, maintainability and quality engineering within the Agency. OSMA assures that the risk 

presented by either a lack of safety requirement or from lack of compliance with a safety requirement 

is analyzed, assessed, communicated and used for proper decision-making and risk acceptance by 

the appropriate organizational leader. 







Fundamental to these two responsibilities is the definition and execution of a robust and well 

understood methodology and process for the application of the disciplines of safety, reliability and 

quality (S, R and Q) in defining the level of risk. In addition, the organization conducts a schedule of 

review and assessments that focus on the life cycle decision milestones for crucial NASA programs 

and projects and S, R, and Q processes. Embodied in this program is a structured development of 

methodology and investigation into system attributes that improve the probability of mission success. 







The NASA Safety Center (NSC) in Cleveland, OH assists OSMA in achieving its objectives in 

consolidating SMS efforts agency-wide in four key areas: safety and mission assurance (SMA) 

technical excellence, knowledge management, audits and assessments, and mishap investigation 

support. Since being established in FY 2007, the NSC has: (1) established a Technical Excellence 

initiative to improve and formalize training and qualification requirements for five SMA engineering 

disciplines (system safety; reliability and maintainability; quality; software assurance; and operational 

and aviation safety); (2) undertaken streamlined processes to increase and sustain domain 

knowledge within the SMA community through the facilitation, storage and retrieval of important 

documents and lessons learned; by providing data analysis and trending of mishap-related data; by 

rapidly disseminating mishap-related Agency Safety Alerts; and improving the Agency Incident 

Reporting Information System, a comprehensive, Agency-wide tool used for reporting mishaps and 

close calls; (3) continued to evaluate and streamline the conduct of facilities, programmatic and 

supplier audits; and (4) assembled and deployed a trained team of mishap investigators to support 

mishap investigations boards. The end result of these activities is to promote the highest level of 

safety and reliability for NASA's programs and projects. This increase in request is to make the 

NASA Safety Center in Cleveland, OH fully operational.

Safety and Mission Assurance

CROSS-28
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

The Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) promulgates Agency health and 

medical policy, standards, and requirements, assuring the medical technical excellence of the 

Agency, assuring the physical and mental well being of the NASA workforce, and assuring the safe 

and ethical conduct of NASA-sponsored human and animal research. OCHMO exercises oversight 

of NASA medical and health related activities through audit processes, and monitors the 

implementation of health and medical related requirements in all developmental human spaceflight 

programs through designated discipline experts at NASA Centers. OCHMO also provides oversight 

of medical and health related activities in operational human spaceflight through Center-based 

discipline experts and clinical boards. On-going medical and health discipline professionalism and 

licensure is supported through annual certified Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities, and 

flight surgeon education and clinical currency is provided through OCHMO-sponsored, university 

based physician training programs. NASA's biomedical research programs in support of human 

spaceflight are guided by OCHMO-developed health and medical standards. Center-based review 

boards under OCHMO sponsorship provide direct supervision of NASA-sponsored human and 

animal research safety and ethics, completing a comprehensive system of oversight to maintain 

robust health and medical support of NASA personnel at all levels.

Chief Health and Medical Officer

The SMS supports the Office of Chief Engineer (OCE) by providing the resources for independent 

and senior engineering expertise to enhance mission success. The OCE promulgates policy and 

requirements for program and project management, for the engineering excellence of the Agency, 

system engineering methodology, and for the Agency's system of engineering standards. The Office 

of Chief Engineer manages the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC), which is responsible 

for rapid, cross-Agency response to mission-critical engineering issues and for improving the state of 

practice in critical engineering areas. OCE also sponsors the Academy of Program/Project and 

Engineering Leadership (APPEL) to develop Program and Project Management and Systems 

Engineering skills.







APPEL delivers the necessary program/project management and engineering competence learning 

through the application of learning strategies, methods, models and tools. APPEL provides 

professional development products and services for individual practitioners and program and project 

teams. This includes: a formal training curriculum designed to address four career levels from recent 

college graduate to executive; direct support to project teams in the field through workshops, 

coaching, and technical experts; and conferences, forums and publications.







The NESC, established in 2003 in response to the Columbia accident, responds rapidly to crossAgency mission-critical engineering issues and for improving the state of the practice in critical 

engineering areas. The NESC performs value-added independent testing and analyses and technical 

assessments of NASA's projects and technical activities to enhance safety and mission success. The 

NESC works proactively to help NASA avoid problem recurrence and to prevent future problems. 

SMS funding provides for the core NESC organization of senior engineering experts from across the 

Agency, including the NASA Technical Fellows and their Technical Discipline Teams composed of 

experts from NASA, industry, and academia.

Chief Engineer

CROSS-29
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Safety and Mission Success

The NASA Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Project, as a part of the Agency's overall 

Software Assurance and Risk Mitigation strategy, provides systems engineering activities that 

improve software safety, reliability, and quality of NASA programs and projects through effective 

applications of systems and software IV&V methods, practices, techniques, and tools. The NASA 

IV&V Facility applies software engineering best practices to evaluate the correctness and quality of 

critical and complex software systems throughout the project's System Development Life Cycle.

Independent Verification and Validation

CROSS-30
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Agency IT Services (AITS)

NASA's Agency IT Services (AITS) program provides business and management applications, 

common IT infrastructure, IT security, and IT management services necessary for Agency operations 

in accordance with OMB guidance, federal laws and regulations, and industry best practices. The 

three following projects constitute the AITS program; 1) Applications, 2) IT Infrastructure (which 

includes IT security), and 3) IT Management.

Program Overview

Infrastructure 31.9 78.4 56.0 48.0 49.1 49.5 --

Applications 68.0 61.4 65.0 61.7 62.0 62.2 --

IT Management 33.2 24.2 24.9 23.5 22.3 22.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

133.1 163.9 145.9 133.1 133.5 133.9 --

Infrastructure 49.3 79.4 48.3 46.4 46.2 47.2 47.9

Applications 68.3 67.2 70.2 66.1 66.7 67.1 68.8

IT Management 17.3 17.3 31.9 25.8 25.1 24.0 23.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

134.9 163.9 150.4 138.3 138.0 138.3 139.7

Changes from FY 2009 Request 1.7 0.0 4.5 5.2 4.5 4.4 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-31
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Agency IT Services (AITS)

The AITS program provides sustaining operations for essential Agency IT services, such as, Agency 

business applications, the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) program, NASA Public 

Web portal, NASA Enterprise Architecture, and E-Government.







The NASA Information Resources Management Strategic Plan focuses on the following four goals. 







1) Improve the management of information and information technology



2) Improve the security of NASA information and information technology



3) Improve IT efficiency and collaboration capabilities



4) Improve IT service delivery and visibility







To meet the four goals, significant events planned for FY 2010 are:



1) Improving security operations and incident response by maturing the central NASA Security 

Operations Center, which provides the capability for improved incident detection, response, 

management, and mitigation.



2) Deploying smart cards and an integrated identity, account, active directory, and smart card 

management system for logical access to NASA IT systems. All systems/applications will be required 

to integrate into the NASA logical access system, with all systems with High security categorization 

implemented in FY10.



3) Improving integration and security of NASA networks by deploying an Agency level zoned 

architecture that will enable better definition of the network perimeter and NASA intranet and locate 

information systems and assets in appropriate zones based on the information sensitivity and access 

requirements.



4) Improving management and security of NASA networks by deploying an Agency network services 

contract for consolidated management and provisioning of local area and wide area network services. 

This will provide NASA with end to end network management and visibility to improve incident 

detection and response and improve the ability to securely collaborate across multiple Centers. 

Expected efficiencies will be applied towards upgrading aging network infrastructure. All Centers will 

migrate to the enterprise contract.



5) Increasing standardization and security of end-user devices (desktops, laptops, etc) by competing 

an Agency contract for properly configured and managed end-user devices that integrate with the 

planned Agency network and application environment. This will enable the Agency to apply patches 

and secure configurations more quickly, and provide for the greatest economy of scale in service 

provisioning.



6) Simplifying and integrating the NASA applications portfolio by utilizing a portfolio management 

approach to identify opportunities for consolidation. AITS budget will be applied to conduct business 

cases and to fund consolidation initiatives. An initiative to consolidate product lifecycle management 

and product data management applications and infrastructure, leading to a more integrated and 

standardized IT architecture to support engineering processes with an initial focus on supporting the 

Constellation Program.



7) Improving security and efficiency of data center services through the implementation of an Agency 

outsourced data center capability. This will avoid the cost of upgrading the current NASA Data Center 

facility, and will improve continuity of operations, and reduce electrical costs.



8) Making NASA's information easier to discover and access by making NASA's public facing content 

available through the NASA.GOV portal, increasing use of meta-data and tagging, and continuing to 

integrate improvements in commercial search technologies.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-32
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Agency IT Services (AITS)

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The IT Infrastructure Project provides common core infrastructure services across the Agency, such 

as, the NASA Public Web portal, enterprise licensing, Personal Identification Verification (PIV) card 

systems required for logical access control, and configuration control capabilities for networks, enduser services, and data centers. This Project also provides IT security capabilities at the Agency 

level, such as the Security Operations Center (SOC), third party penetration testing, vulnerability 

scanning, and patch management. For FY10, an increase in funding will be applied to several 

initiatives to improve IT security and harden Agency IT infrastructure and applications, such as, SOC 

operations, E-authentication for Web services, Cyber Threat identification, Trusted Internet 

Connection deployment, implementation of a zoned network architecture, and Desktop Smartcard 

Integration.

Infrastructure

The Applications Project provides steady state operations of NASA's business and management 

systems developed under the Integrated Enterprise Management Program, such as, the Core 

Financial System (SAP), Integrated Asset Management System, the Human Capital Information 

Environment, and Aircraft Management Module. It also supports the implementation of E-Gov 

initiatives, such as, E-Travel, Grants.gov and E-Training. For FY10, relatively minor development is 

planned to address gaps in business and management systems capabilities. This project also 

provides Scientific and Technical Information (STI) services for the Agency.

Applications

The IT Management Project provides Agency level services for managing IT and meeting internal 

and external requirements relative to Agency CIO responsibilities. Included in this project are fees 

paid to E-Gov managing partners for the various E-Gov activities and Federal CIO Council 

Committees in which NASA participates. This project also constitutes the budget for the NASA 

Office of the CIO to meet OMB guidance, Executive Orders, laws and regulations relative to EGovernment, Paperwork Reduction and Information Collection, the Federal Information Security 

Management Act, Records Management, Mail Management, Forms Management, Privacy, Capital 

Planning and Investment Control, and IT Budget Formulation under Circular A-11.

IT Management

CROSS-33
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

CROSS-34
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

Partnership Development 22.0 24.1 25.4 22.3 22.2 22.0 --

Future Centennial Challenges 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 --

Innovation Incubator 0.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 --

Small Business Technology 

Transfer Research

12.5 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 --

Small Business Innovative 

Research

103.7 117.9 124.1 124.1 124.1 124.1 --

Technology Infusion 8.5 13.1 11.8 11.0 11.2 11.4 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

146.8 175.7 181.9 178.0 178.1 178.1 --

Innovative Technology 0.0 0.0 2.8 6.8 7.5 8.1 7.0

Partnership Development 39.9 24.1 23.8 20.2 19.9 19.7 21.3

Future Centennial Challenges 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Innovation Incubator 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Small Business Technology 

Transfer Research

13.2 13.6 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1

Small Business Innovative 

Research

86.9 113.4 124.1 124.1 124.1 124.1 124.1

Technology Infusion 6.7 9.1 13.5 13.1 13.5 13.7 14.0

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

146.8 160.2 184.8 184.9 185.7 186.3 187.0

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 -15.5 2.9 6.9 7.6 8.2 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-35
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

NASA's Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP) is focused on adding value to NASA and the Nation 

through partnerships. Advancing technology through partnerships has always been important to 

NASA, not only to address NASA's needs, but also to apply NASA-derived technology to a range of 

applications that provide broad benefit to the public. NASA seeks partnerships that match technology 

needs with technology capabilities, moving technology both into (technology infusion) and out of 

(technology transfer) the Agency. IPP is administered at NASA Headquarters and has program 

offices at each of the agency's nine field centers and JPL.







The Innovative Partnerships Program consists of three elements: Technology Infusion, Innovation 

Incubator, and Partnership Development. Together, these program elements serve to increase the 

range of technology solutions for NASA, enable cost avoidance, and accelerate technology 

maturation. Dual-use partnerships and licensing create socio-economic benefits through technology 

transfer or spinoffs.







Technology Infusion includes the Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology 

Transfer (SBIR/STTR) programs and the Program Seed Fund. The SBIR/STTR programs exist to 

stimulate technological innovation in the private sector; to strengthen the role of small businesses in 

meeting federal R&D needs; to increase the commercial application of these research results; and to 

encourage participation by disadvantaged persons and women-owned small businesses. The IPP 

Seed Fund enhances NASA's ability to meet mission technology goals by providing seed funding to 

resolve partnership barriers and to initiate cost-shared, joint-technology development partnerships.







Innovation Incubator includes Centennial Challenges, Facilitated Access to the Space Environment 

for Technology Development and Training (FAST), Innovation Ambassadors, Innovation Scouts, and 

new efforts to facilitate purchase of services from the emerging commercial space sector. 







Partnership Development includes Intellectual Property Management, Technology Transfer, and new 

innovative partnerships. For Intellectual Property Management, IPP facilitates the protection of 

NASA's rights in its inventions, thereby enabling NASA's ability to license its technologies for public 

benefit. IPP is NASA's agent for technology transfer, commercializing space flight technologies and 

seeking Earth-bound applications for NASA-derived technologies. IPP works with industry, 

universities, and other agencies to put NASA technologies to use in areas such as health, medicine, 

transportation, public safety, consumer goods, environmental and agricultural resources, computer 

technology, and industrial productivity. IPP continuously seeks new partnerships with a broad range 

of partners to both address NASA's technology needs and facilitate transfer of NASA-derived 

technology for public benefit.







For additional information see http://ipp.nasa.gov

Program Overview

CROSS-36
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

IPP's portfolio of technology investments and partnerships will continue to address the technology 

needs of NASA's Mission Directorates, and IPP will continue to transfer NASA-derived technology for 

broad public benefit. Specifically IPP plans to achieve 105 instances of technology infusion in FY10. 

Sources of technology for infusion come from elements of the IPP portfolio including SBIR/STTR, 

Seed Fund, Centennial Challenges, FAST, and other partnerships. IPP also plans to advance 

technologies that have potential for use by NASA, as measured by improvements in their Technology 

Readiness Level (TRL). In FY10, IPP plans to achieve 200 TRL step advancements through its 

technology portfolio.







Through the Agency's Technology Transfer partnerships in FY10, IPP intends to continue successful 

movement of NASA intellectual property to put it to work in the economy, by achieving (over the prior 

five years) 38 licenses generated for every 100 patented technologies in NASA's intellectual property 

inventory. In FY10, IPP also intends to document 40-50 notable new technology transfer successes in 

the annual Spinoff publication. As an important step in identifying NASA technology for transfer, IPP 

intends to facilitate the documentation of 1,800 New Technology Reports. IPP also seeks 

commercialization success of SBIR/STTR technologies by commercializing 30% of SBIR/STTR 

phase II awards over the prior five years.







In Technology Infusion, IPP will continue to implement NASA's SBIR and STTR programs with the 

primary objective of providing the high-technology small business sector with an opportunity to 

develop technology for NASA, but also seeking commercialization of those technologies for broader 

application. In FY10, NASA's SBIR/STTR programs will continue to provide high-priority technology 

needs for NASA with specific technology needs developed in close coordination with NASA's Mission 

Directorates and other NASA-wide efforts to determine priorities for future technology requirements. 

Specific plans for SBIR/STTR will reflect pending reauthorization for these government-wide 

programs. IPP will also seek approximately 15-20 new leveraged technology development 

partnerships through the IPP Seed Fund that also help address high-priority technology needs of the 

agency.







In Innovation Incubator, Centennial Challenges will continue to address key technology needs with 

new sources of innovation including small businesses outside the traditional aerospace community. 

IPP will continue the ongoing prize competitions, in which prizes have not yet been won and 

formulate new prizes in the most relevant technology areas. IPP will continue to encourage the 

pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector through FAST and 

other activities. IPP anticipates conducting the third round of reduced-gravity testing on parabolic 

aircraft flights in FY10 and to begin planning for technology testing activities on suborbital flights if the 

expected commercial services have begun operations. 







Partnership Development will continue to seek opportunities for partnership with businesses, 

academia and other government agencies to address NASA's needs and also transfer NASA 

technology for use in other important applications. This includes operation of IPP offices at all 9 

NASA centers and JPL, which provide essential IPP functions including new technology reporting, 

software release, outreach to generate partnership opportunities, licensing of technologies, and 

negotiation of partnerships.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-37
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

SBIR/STTR Program Support provides direct support in the administration of NASA's SBIR and 

STTR programs. Support includes managing the "electronic handbook," NASA's system for 

processing proposals, and managing the SBIR and STTR award budgets. 







The FY 2010 NASA SBIR solicitation will be implemented with newly defined topic areas divided into 

sub-topics developed by each of the 4 NASA Mission Directorates. Subtopics include current and 

future Agency program needs and priorities. IPP expects to receive approximately 2000 proposals. 

For each solicitation, Phase I proposals are given 2 independent evaluations by the NASA field 

centers for scientific and technical merit, key staff qualifications, soundness of the work plan, and 

plans for commercial application. The FY2010 program support budget must also support evaluation 

of FY2009 Phase II proposals which represent about 12% of the Phase I proposals. 







SBIR/STTR Program Support funds the outreach efforts needed to increase participation in 

SBIR/STTR by the small business community. The percentage of new firms participating in NASA's 

SBIR/STTR programs each year has been in the 30-50% range, yielding new applicants each year. 

New participants have submitted between 20-35% of the total number of proposals in any given year. 







The Investment Seed Fund is an annual process that provides seed funding to resolve partnership 

barriers and initiate cost-shared joint development partnerships that leverage funding, resources, and 

expertise from non-NASA partners, NASA programs and projects, and NASA Centers. The Seed 

Fund supports the future technology needs of NASA's four Mission Directorates. Proposals selected 

must demonstrate scientific/technical merit and feasibility, relevance and value to NASA Mission 

Directorates, capability and strength of partnership team (composed of representatives from industry, 

programs, and IPP), and leveraging of resources as demonstrated by a realistic budget and schedule 

needed to complete the Seed Fund activity. Proposed projects are 1 year in duration and include 1 or 

more non-NASA partners willing to provide cost-sharing equal to or greater than the IPP funding 

provided. To date, IPP has initiated over 80 collaborative Seed Fund projects, leveraging IPP 

resources nearly 4:1 with $19M in IPP funding yielding a total of $73M in project funding. Projects 

have resulted in partnerships in 35 states between NASA and 81 businesses (large and small), 20 

universities, 4 FFRDCs, and 6 other government agencies.







The objective of these technology development partnerships is to achieve infusion of technological 

innovations into NASA's programs and projects. Successfully maturing technologies to reduce the 

risk of infusion is a key factor in success.

Technology Infusion

CROSS-38
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

IPP implements NASA's SBIR and STTR programs with the primary objective of providing the high 

technology small business sector with an opportunity to develop technology for NASA. In FY 2008, 

IPP selected 396 Small Business Innovation Research projects, with nearly $100 million awarded to 

205 firms across 31 states.







The Small Business Innovation Research Program was established by Congress in 1982 to increase 

research and development opportunities for small businesses, to increase employment, and to 

improve U.S. competitiveness. The program's specific objectives are to stimulate U.S. technological 

innovation, employ small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, increase 

private-sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal research and development, and 

encourage and facilitate participation by socially disadvantaged businesses. NASA, as a mission 

driven agency, seeks small, high-technology companies to participate in government-sponsored 

research and development efforts in technology areas critical to NASA's missions. IPP will implement 

the SBIR program consistent with pending reauthorization. Current authorization provides for SBIR 

funding at 2.5 percent of NASA's extramural research and development expenditures.







The SBIR program is for small businesses with 500 or fewer employees. NASA encourages these 

organizations to learn more about its program needs and promotes SBIR to the small business 

community as a significant source of seed funding for the development of innovations.







The SBIR Phase I contracts have a term of six months with a maximum funding of $100,000, and 

Phase II contracts have a term of 24 months with a maximum funding of $600,000 (up to $750,000 

with Phase IIE and matching $150,000 from a Mission Directorate). Historically, the ratio of the 

number of Phase I proposals to awards for SBIR is 8:1. About 40 percent of the completed Phase I 

projects receive funding for Phase II development.







NASA is now tracking the maturity of technologies funded by SBIR/STTR through use of Technology 

Readiness Levels (TRLs). This is important for understanding when technologies will be ready for 

infusion into NASA's programs and projects and their readiness for commercial use. Tracking TRLs 

will also provide insight into the progress that technologies are making, and over time, the 

performance of different firms for successful maturing technologies.







Technologies funded by SBIR/STTR have made invaluable contributions to NASA programs and 

projects and have also been commercial successes that are bringing important benefits to society. 

The agency is actively working to increase the number of NASA-funded SBIR/STTR technologies 

with applicability and adequate maturity for use in NASA's missions and projects. SBIR/STTR 

technologies are making important contributions to some of NASA's high-profile programs including 

the Space Shuttle, ISS, Mars rovers, and the Phoenix lander.

Small Business Innovative Research

CROSS-39
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

IPP implements NASA's STTR program with the primary objective of facilitating the transfer of 

technology developed by a research institution through the entrepreneurship of a small business, 

resulting in technology to meet NASA's needs. The Small Business Technology Transfer Research 

(STTR) Program awards contracts to small business concerns for cooperative research and 

development with a non-profit research institution, such as a university. The small business and its 

partnering institution are required to sign an intellectual property agreement. In FY 2008, IPP 

selected 35 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) projects, with $8 million awarded to 24 

small businesses partnered with 22 universities and research institutions across 14 states.







Modeled after the SBIR Program, STTR is a separately funded activity. STTR is smaller than SBIR, 

with funding set at three-tenths of a percent of the extramural research and development budget, 

approximately one-eighth of the amount for SBIR. The small company must take the research and 

intellectual property of the research institution and convert it into a useful product. While the proposal 

is still submitted by small business concerns, at least 30 percent of the funding and work must 

originate with the research institution and a minimum of 40 percent must come from the small 

business concerns.







Phase I STTR projects receive up to $100,000 in funds for a one-year effort. The maximum contract 

value for STTR Phase II is $600,000 (up to $750,000 with Phase IIE and matching $150,000 from a 

Mission Directorate). Historically, the ratio of the number of Phase I proposals to awards for STTR is 

5:1. About 40 percent of the completed Phase I projects receive funding for Phase II development. 

The STTR Program Solicitation research areas correspond to the central underlying technological 

competencies of each participating NASA Center with the goal of ensuring that small business 

innovations are part of NASA's success. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) participates in the 

management of the STTR Program.

Small Business Technology Transfer Research

CROSS-40
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

Innovation Incubator includes Centennial Challenges (budgeted separately), Facilitated Access to 

the Space Environment for Technology Development and Training (FAST), Innovation Ambassadors, 

Innovation Scouts, and new efforts to facilitate purchase of services from the emerging commercial 

space sector. FAST has the dual objectives of demonstrating the purchase of commercial services 

from the emerging commercial space sector and advancing technology maturity through use of those 

services. Innovation Transfusion will create connections between innovative external organizations 

and NASA for increased Agency benefit from external creativity.







The FAST program provides opportunities for emerging technologies to be tested in the space 

environment thereby increasing infusion of new technologies into NASA and industry. Currently, the 

program focuses on testing technologies on parabolic aircraft flights that can simulate microgravity 

and the reduced gravity environments of the Moon or Mars. The FAST program promotes the growth 

of emerging commercial space services by employing a private reduced gravity flight service for 

these test flights.







In 2008, an initial set of FAST reduced gravity flights were accomplished. During these flights, five 

SBIR companies demonstrated a range of new technologies and increased the readiness of these 

technologies for future application. The FAST program leveraged previous NASA investments in 

SBIR technology developments by providing a testing opportunity that increased the Technology 

Readiness Level (TRL) of the technologies. This approach provides a continuum for technology 

insertion via the SBIR and STTR programs.







In 2009, IPP plans to select at least 20 FAST participants, not limited to SBIR companies, and 

anticipates larger numbers in future years. IPP also expects to expand this program to offer 

enhanced testing capabilities on suborbital and orbital flights when those services become 

commercially available. A measure of FAST program success will be the extent to which it can infuse 

new technologies into NASA programs while encouraging the development of commercial space 

services by enlarging the customer base for this emerging industry.







The Innovation Transfusion program will increase the exchange of ideas between NASA employees 

and the most innovative segments of the private sector and government. There are two elements of 

the program: Innovation Ambassadors (NASA employees spend up to 1 year at a private 

company/organization known for innovation in order to share expertise and learn about innovative 

products, processes and business models) and Innovation Scouts (small groups of NASA employees 

visit innovative external organizations for 1- or 2-day workshops to exchange ideas and learn about 

products, processes, and business models that will help NASA become more effective). Both 

elements will focus on exchanges with organizations outside the traditional aerospace field to seek 

fresh ideas and create new partnerships.

Innovation Incubator

CROSS-41
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

Centennial Challenges program seeks innovative solutions to technical problems related to NASA's 

programs in space operations, science, exploration and aeronautics. NASA's current seven prize 

challenges have been successful in encouraging broad participation by innovators across our nation 

and across generations. Many of these technical challenges also have direct relevance to national 

and global needs such as energy and transportation.







Prize programs encourage diverse participation and multiple solution paths. A measure of diversity is 

seen in the geographic distribution of participants (from Hawaii to Maine) that reaches far beyond the 

locales of the NASA Centers and major aerospace industries. The participating teams have included 

individual inventors, small startup companies, and university students and professors. An example of 

multiple solution paths was seen in the Regolith Excavation Challenge. NASA can typically afford 

one or two working prototypes but at this Challenge event, sixteen different working prototypes were 

demonstrated for the NASA technologists. All of these prototypes were developed at no cost to the 

government.







The return on investment with prizes is high as NASA expends no funds unless the accomplishment 

is demonstrated. NASA provides only the prize money and the administration of the competitions is 

done at no cost to NASA by non-profit allied organizations. For the Lunar Lander Challenge, twelve 

private teams spent nearly 70,000 hours and the equivalent of $12 million trying to win $2 million in 

prize money. Prizes also focus public attention on NASA programs and generate interest in science 

and engineering. During the recent Lunar Lander Challenge, a live webcast had over 45,000 viewers 

and over 100,000 subsequent downloads. Prizes also create new businesses and new partners for 

NASA. The winner of the 2007 Astronaut Glove Challenge started a new business to manufacture 

pressure suit gloves. Armadillo Aerospace began a partnership with NASA related to the reusable 

rocket engine that they developed for the Lunar Lander Challenge, and they also sell the engine 

commercially.







In selecting topics for prize competitions, NASA will consult widely within and outside of the Federal 

Government. Topics for future challenges that are under consideration include revolutionary energy 

storage systems, solar and other renewable energy technologies, laser communications, 

demonstrating near-Earth object survey and deflection strategies, innovative approaches to 

improving the safety and efficiency of aviation systems, closed-loop life support and other resource 

recycling techniques, and low-cost access to space. The goal in future challenges is to address 

common NASA and national technology needs, balance the challenges across the fields of science, 

exploration, space operations, and aeronautics, and broaden the geographical distribution of 

competitor teams and host venues.

Future Centennial Challenges

CROSS-42
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

IPP is NASA's agent for facilitating the transfer of NASA-derived technology for commercial 

application and other national benefit. The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 and 

subsequent legislation direct NASA to have a formal technology transfer program, and take an active 

role in transferring technology to the private sector and state and local governments for the purposes 

of commercial and other application of the technology for the national benefit. IPP does this for 

NASA through Partnership Development, with offices at each of NASA's ten field centers.







The Partnership Development Program element, formerly Technology Transfer Partnerships, 

includes Intellectual Property Management, Technology Transfer, and new innovative partnerships. 

Space exploration provides the scientific and technological progress to meet challenging mission 

requirements. Many commercial technologies are the direct result of NASA-supported funding for 

internal research and development projects performed at NASA's Centers, and NASA-supported 

external research performed by the small business community. Through Partnership Development, 

IPP seeks partnerships for transfer of new or improved technology and innovations to NASA 

missions, and facilitates transfer out of NASA technology for commercial or other benefits to the 

Nation. Partnership Development encourages participation by all firms, from small to Fortune 500 

companies, including companies from the non-aerospace ("non-traditional") sectors that otherwise 

might not recognize the opportunity to partner with NASA. Partnerships often involve state and other 

federal agencies, academic institutions, and other non-profit entities. 







Partnership Development includes managing NASA's intellectual property. IPP seeks out potential 

licensees and negotiates license agreements to transfer NASA technology. In FY 2008, IPP 

documented 1,100 New Technology Reports on NASA-funded technology that could lead to 

patenting and transfer. 110 patent applications were filed and 112 patents were awarded in FY 

2008. In addition, during FY 2008 IPP executed 30 license agreements and 800 software use 

agreements transferring NASA technology for broad use and public benefit. IPP has also begun to 

auction licenses for NASA technologies through an auctioning intermediary at no cost to NASA - 

previously unprecedented in government. Thus, NASA cultivates partnerships with private industry, 

academia, and other government agencies to bring its science back down to Earth. 







Each year, IPP documents recent successes in its "Spinoff" publication with over 1,600 successes 

having been documented. The most recent issue, "Spinoff 2008" highlights 50 new examples of how 

NASA innovation can be transferred to the commercial marketplace.







IPP has strengthened the involvement of the Mission Directorates and Mission Support Offices in all 

of its program elements to better serve Agency-wide and public needs.

Partnership Development

CROSS-43
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

The National Research Council review of the Exploration Technology Development Program as well 

as NASA's internal assessments have noted that NASA does not currently have a robust way to 

solicit or identify low maturity ideas which are potentially high reward but risky because of their 

immaturity. Investments in these basic research areas provide the innovation that enables new and 

more capable missions in the future. 







NASA is establishing an Innovative Technology Project that is intended to identify and competitively 

select, low maturity research projects, and to establish a process to successively eliminate low 

potential ideas and mature those with high potential. This project will be managed jointly by the 

Innovative Partnership Program and the Office of the Chief Engineer. The project will issue regular 

internal and external calls for proposals for small amounts, nominally $50K for 3-6 months study, with 

successive, phased follow-up awards possible for amounts of $250K-$2M for 6 months to 2 years of 

research. All selections will be subject to peer review endorsement for the initial and any successive 

awards. The core funding for this project, $2.8M in FY 2010 within the IPP program, may be 

augmented by up to $20M in funds from the Mission Directorate's program technology projects, to 

manage investments in specific disciplines of interest to the Agency's programs.

Innovative Technology

35 SBIR/STTR Phase III contracts initiated or 

expanded.

SBIR/STTR New metric

0.34 ratio of SBIR/STTR technologies used in 

commercial products or services, relative to the 

number of Phase II awards issue over the prior 

five years.

SBIR/STTR New metric

0.60 ratio of licenses generated from the 

Intellectual Property (IP) portfolio of patents from 

the last five years relative to the

Partnership Development. New metric

1800 New Technology Reports (NTRs) produced 

each year, representing the new technologies 

available for potential transfer.

All IPP projects. New metric

40 notable technology transfer successes 

documented annually in NASA's Spinoff 

publication

All IPP projects. New metric

200 technology readiness level (TRL) 

advancements achieved from the Innovative 

Partnerships Program portfolio.

All IPP projects. New metric

105 technologies infused into NASA 

programs/projects from total Innovative 

Partnerships Program portfolio.

All IPP projects. New metric

0.23 ratio of SBIR/STTR technologies 

successfully infused into NASA programs 

relative to the number of Phase II awards issued 

over the prior five years.

Small Business Innovative Research 

(SBIR)/ Small Business Technology 

Transfer (STTR)

New metric

Program Commitments

Commitment/Output



FY 2010

Program/Project Changes from



FY 2009 PB Request

CROSS-44
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Innovative Partnerships Program

Performance OMB 09/2008 Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) 

Outcome: Program rated "Moderately Effective" 

due to lack of demonstrated results with new 

program metrics.

3 Years

Performance National 

Research 

Council

09/2008 Review of SBIR/STTR Program: Review is 

currently in Phase II of a 2-phase study; each 

study phase to be completed within a 3-year 

period, currently in the 2nd year of study phase. 

Phase I results are available. Phase II planned 

to be completed in FY 2008.

TBD

Independent Reviews

Review Type Performer Last Review Purpose/Outcome Next Review

Program Management

Future Centennial Challenges NASA HQ IPP NASA HQ 5 allied organizations and their 

sponsors, competition partners.

Innovation Transfusion NASA HQ IPP All External organization hosts

Investment Seed Fund NASA HQ IPP All NASA Mission Directorates and nonNASA organizations

Faciliatated Access to the 

Space Environment for 

Technology Development and 

Training (FAST)

NASA HQ IPP All NASA Program/Projects and nonNASA organizations

Small Business Innovative 

Research (SBIR)

NASA HQ IPP All NASA Programs/Projects for Phase IIE

SBIR-STTR Program Support NASA HQ IPP All N/A

Partnership Development NASA HQ IPP All All NASA Centers, external partners in 

industry, academia, other agencies

Small Business Technology 

Transfer Research (STTR)

NASA HQ IPP All NASA Programs/Projects for Phase IIE

Project Management 

Responsibility

NASA Center 

Performers

Cost-Sharing Partners

NASA's SBIR/STTR programs represent major annual acquisitions, with a combined solicitation 

typically in July and selections announced in November. Other IPP activities are primarily 

partnerships not acquisitions.

Acquisition Strategy

CROSS-45
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CROSS-46
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Strategic Capabilities Assets Program

NASA's Strategic Capabilities Assets Program (SCAP) ensures that identified operational core assets 

and capabilities are available to support NASA's current and future missions. The SCAP establishes 

an alliance between all centers with like assets; makes decisions on disposition of capabilities no 

longer required; identifies re-investment/re-capitalization requirements within and among classes of 

assets; and implements changes. SCAP reviews the assets' capabilities each year to ensure the 

requirements continue to be valid. 







SCAP ensures that essential test facilities are in a state of "ready to test". It maintains the skilled 

operational workforce and performs essential preventative maintenance to keep core facilities 

available to meet program requirements. The core capabilities supported within SCAP are Thermal 

Vacuum Chambers, Simulators, and Arc Jet facilities.







For additional information on SCAP, please see: http://oim.hq.nasa.gov/oia/scap/index.html.

Program Overview

Arc Jets 8.6 9.3 9.7 10.0 10.0 10.0 --

Thermal Vacuum Chambers 7.7 7.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.4 --

Simulators 10.9 11.5 11.9 12.3 12.3 12.3 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

27.2 28.0 29.8 30.7 30.7 30.7 --

Arc Jets 8.6 9.3 9.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9

Thermal Vacuum Chambers 7.7 7.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.7

Simulators 10.9 11.5 11.7 12.1 12.1 12.1 11.9

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

27.2 28.0 29.4 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.5

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-47
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Strategic Capabilities Assets Program

SCAP will sustain the strategic technical capabilities needed by NASA for successful missions. 

SCAP will institute consistency in reimbursable pricing policies, perform quarterly program 

performance reviews continually reassess the strategy and provide a forum for cooperation between 

all centers within asset classes. 







SCAP will ensure maximum benefit across government by broadening its alliances outside of the 

Agency for capabilities, such as, thermal vacuum chambers. By initiating new organizations, such as, 

the Space Environments Simulation Facilities Alliance (SESFA) between NASA, DOD, and other 

entities. This year an arc jet alliance will be established to allow coordination between DOD and 

NASA in this test area. SCAP will examine and scrutinize new proposals for additional capabilities 

that are submitted as part of the FY 2011 budget process. 







SCAP is committed to continue developing and implementing disposition plans for assets which are 

no longer required by the Agency.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-48
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Agency Management and Operations

Program: Strategic Capabilities Assets Program

Project Descriptions and Explanation of Changes

The NASA SCAP sustains arc-jet complexes located at Ames Research Center and the Johnson 

Space Center. An arc jet provides simulated high temperature, high velocity environments that 

support the design, development, test and evaluation (DDT&E) activities in thermal protection 

materials, vehicle structures, aerothermodynamics, and hypersonics. A gas (typically air) is heated 

and accelerated to supersonic/hypersonic speeds by a continuous electrical arc. This hightemperature gas passes over a test sample, producing an approximation of the surface temperature 

and pressure environments experienced by a vehicle on atmospheric entry. Arc jet testing has been 

critical in the safe return of Space Shuttles from orbit with tile damage. In addition, arc jet testing 

performed essential validation of materials for the Mars entry missions such as Mars Science 

Laboratory. NASA maintains two of the four arcjets in the United States providing a critical national 

capability.

Arc Jets

SCAP sustains thermal-vacuum, vacuum, and acoustic chambers at NASA facilities (Glenn 

Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, 

Kennedy Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, and Plum Brook Station) that simulate 

conditions in the launch and space environments. These assets are large enough to accommodate a 

spacecraft with adequate space surrounding the structure for safe, easy access while inside the 

chamber. Chambers with minimum outline dimensions of 10 ft. by 10 ft. will generally meet this 

provision. These chambers have the capability of producing pressures of 1 X



10-2 torr or lower and thermal shrouds capable of liquid nitrogen temperatures or lower. Acoustic 

chambers are capable of generating approximately 150 dB at frequencies in the range of 25 to 1000 

Hertz. These chambers perform significant risk mitigation for most of NASA payloads launched into 

space as well as many in other government agencies such as NOAA, and DOD. Almost all 

spacecraft launched into space must first be tested in one of NASA's thermal vacuum chambers.

Thermal Vacuum Chambers

SCAP sustains operations of simulators which are critical components of the success of NASA's 

Aeronautics Research in the areas of fundamental aeronautics and aviation safety. This capability 

includes an array of research and development manned flight simulator assets at ARC and LaRC 

which are in the operations phase. Principal assets include the Vertical Motion Simulator, a large 

motion system, and its supporting cabs, laboratories, and equipment at ARC which provides 

scientists and engineers with tools to explore, define, and resolve issues in both vehicle design and 

missions operations. The Cockpit Motion Facility and its supporting suite of simulators (the 

Differential Maneuvering Simulator and the Visual Motion Simulator) and other central support 

facilities at LaRC are designed to support aeronautics and spaceflight vehicle research studies in 

which motion cues are critical to the realism of the experiments being conducted.

Simulators

CROSS-49
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CROSS-50
Theme: Institutional Investments

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Environmental Compliance and Restoration 76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 --

Institutional Construction of Facilities 243.2 233.9 260.5 269.6 279.1 286.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget Request 319.7 308.7 331.7 335.9 330.4 338.3 --

Environmental Compliance and Restoration 76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 52.6

Institutional Construction of Facilities 249.0 268.9 284.2 326.0 367.4 371.6 397.4

FY 2010 President's Budget Request 325.5 343.7 355.4 392.3 418.7 423.0 450.0

Total Change from FY 2009 Request 5.8 35.0 23.7 56.4 88.3 84.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

Institutional Investments provides for design and execution of non-programmatic discrete and minor 

revitalization construction of facilities projects, facility demolition projects, and environmental 

compliance and restoration activities.







The Institutional Construction of Facilities (CoF) program funds all institutional CoF projects. These 

projects are managed via NASA's Capital Facility Investment Program which also includes 

programmatic facility investments funded by Mission Directorates. The construction planning process 

starts several years in advance, with design being funded two budget years prior to construction start. 

The CoF program is developed through a process involving both internal and external stakeholders. 

All of the Centers' requirements are reviewed and prioritized annually to ensure that only the highest 

ranking priorities are funded.







The purpose of NASA's Environmental Compliance and Restoration (ECR) program is to clean up 

chemicals released to the environment from past activities. Cleanups are prioritized to ensure that the 

highest priority liabilities are addressed first in order to protect human health and the environment and 

preserve natural resources for future missions.

Theme Overview

CROSS-51
Theme: Institutional Investments

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

For FY 2010 Environmental Compliance and Restoration (ECR) major cleanup activities with the highest 

priority requirements are:







1)	Decontamination and demolition of NASA's Plum Brook Reactor Facility



2)	Address ground water and drinking water issues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory



3)	Continue cleanup of ground water contamination at White Sands Test Facility



4)	Accelerate cleanup of contamination at Santa Susana Field Laboratory

Environmental Compliance and Restoration

The Construction of Facilities Program will make capital repairs to NASA's critical infrastructure and make 

improvements that will improve safety and security, protect NASA's infrastructure, and improve NASA's 

operating efficiency by reducing utility usage. The program will continue to right size the infrastructure by 

demolishing infrastructure that is no longer needed.







Projects with initial cost estimates between $1.0 million and $10.0 million are included in the program as 

Minor Revitalization and Construction projects, and projects with initial cost estimates of $10.0 million or 

greater are budgeted as discrete projects. Projects with initial cost estimates of $1.0 million or less are 

accomplished by routine day-to-day facility maintenance and repair activities provided for in program and 

Center operating budgets. NASA is requesting five-year fund availability to enable effective and efficient 

management of institutional and programmatic construction projects.







NASA will invest in projects that protect the agency's critical assets, improve mission assurance, and reduce 

mission risk. Investment in projects such as utility tunnel upgrades at JSC and launch facility protection at 

Wallops Island will protect NASA's critical assets in the case of natural disasters. Fire protection system 

repairs and upgrades such as the fire main system repairs at Stennis Space Center's largest test stands will 

improve worker safety and provide safer testing and operations. 







NASA's repair by replacement program will provide sustainable and energy efficient infrastructure by 

replacing old, inefficient, deteriorated buildings with new efficient high performance buildings. In some cases, 

NASA will be able to refurbish existing facilities into sustainable buildings that will meet NASA's future 

technology needs by retaining only the structure and replacing the systems necessary for mission operations. 

When this approach is viable, the projects will save capital investment over wholesale replacement but still 

yield a good return on investment through reduced operating costs.







By investing in demolition, NASA will be able to reduce un-needed infrastructure and avoid future expenses 

for maintaining this infrastructure. The FY 2010 program will demolish some of the first facilities that the 

agency has identified as un-necessary once the Space Shuttle is retired. This will allow the agency to shift 

some investment in Shuttle facilities to support new programs shortly after the Shuttle's last flight.







More than 80% of NASA's infrastructure is beyond its design life. As NASA's facilities age beyond their useful 

life, the facilities become unreliable and put NASA's programs and operations at risk. To mitigate the 

increasing risk to NASA's missions from infrastructure failure, NASA must maintain its investment in 

infrastructure repair and refurbishment.

Institutional Construction of Facilities

Plans for FY 2010

CROSS-52
Theme: Institutional Investments

Mission Directorate: Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments contributes to the Agency's Strategic Goals by providing critical institutional 

and program capabilities to support NASA's missions. NASA's Construction of Facilities supports 

NASA's mission by making capital repairs to the infrastructure necessary for testing space flight 

hardware, processing spacecraft payloads, launching aircraft and spacecraft and monitoring NASA 

flight tests and missions. Investment in NASA's ground infrastructure ensures successful space 

exploration and research. Proper investment in NASA's infrastructure is vital to reducing the risk to 

NASA's programs and missions resulting from unreliable facilities. Further, the program protects 

NASA's investments toward its strategic goals by protecting the people and equipment necessary for 

the execution of the exploration and research mission.

Relevance to the NASA Mission and Strategic Goals:

The Environmental Compliance and Restoration program ensures that the public is not exposed to 

hazards and that impacted natural resources are restored for future use.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Institutional Investments funding ensures that NASA's facilities and field installations meet the 

Agency's infrastructure needs in a safe, secure, and environmentally sound manner. Activities 

implement sustainable design practices and support compliance with state and national 

environmental laws and initiatives outlined under the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

NASA continued essential infrastructure repair and revitalization activities, completing $122 million of 

institutional construction of facility projects and awarding 57 institutional construction projects and 46 

program construction funded projects.







Additionally NASA continued reducing its infrastructure by disposing of 107 un-needed facilities. 

Assertive recycling strategies and sustainable demolition practices facilitated demolishing a large 

inactive Wind Tunnel.

Performance Achievement Highlights:

CROSS-53
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CROSS-54
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities

The Construction of Facilities (CoF) program ensures that the facilities critical to achieving NASA's 

space and aeronautics programs are the right size and type, and that they are safe, secure, 

environmentally sound, and operated efficiently and effectively. NASA manages over 5500 facilities 

with a current replacement value in excess of $23 billion. The CoF Program provides on-going 

capital improvements to protect the Nation's investment in these facilities. It also ensures that NASA 

installations conform to requirements and initiatives for the protection of the environment and human 

health. NASA facilities are essential to the Agency and facility revitalization is needed to maintain 

infrastructure that is safe and capable of supporting NASA's missions. The facilities being revitalized 

or constructed in this program are expected to remain active in the long term and are consistent with 

current and anticipated Agency roles and missions. Projects with initial cost estimates between $1.0 

million and $10.0 million are included as Minor Revitalization and Construction projects, and projects 

with initial cost estimates of $10.0 million or greater are budgeted as discrete projects. Projects with 

initial cost estimates of $1.0 million or less are accomplished by routine day-to-day facility 

maintenance and repair activities provided for in program and Center operating budgets. Activation 

and outfitting costs are not included in CoF funding but are described when they exceed industry 

standards due to unique NASA requirements. 



Institutional CoF projects are required for components of NASA's basic infrastructure and institutional 

facilities. Funding for Institutional CoF projects is included within the Agency's Institutional Investment 

account. Funding for construction projects required for specific programs is included in the 

appropriate budget line item within each Mission Directorate and summarized herein as programmatic 

projects. Descriptions and cost estimates of FY 2010 institutional and programmatic projects are 

provided to show a complete picture of NASA's budget requirement for facilities revitalization and 

construction.

Program Overview

Institutional Construction Of 

Facilities

243.2 233.9 260.5 269.6 279.1 286.9 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

243.2 233.9 260.5 269.6 279.1 286.9 --

Institutional Construction Of 

Facilities

249.0 268.9 284.2 326.0 367.4 371.6 397.4

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

249.0 268.9 284.2 326.0 367.4 371.6 397.4

Changes from FY 2009 Request 5.8 35.0 23.7 56.4 88.3 84.7 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-55
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities

The institutional facility projects requested for FY 2010 continue the vital rehabilitation, modification, 

and repair of facilities to renew and help preserve and enhance the capabilities and usefulness of 

existing facilities and ensure the safe, economical, and efficient use of NASA's physical plants. The 

projects repair and modernize deteriorating and obsolete building and utility systems that have 

reached or exceeded their normal design life, are no longer operating effectively or efficiently, and 

cannot be economically maintained. These projects include mechanical, structural, cooling, steam, 

electrical distribution, sewer, and storm drainage systems. Some projects replace substandard 

facilities in cases where it is more economical to demolish and rebuild than it is to restore. Funds 

requested for construction planning, design and management cover labor, travel, advance planning 

and design requirements for future projects; preparation of facility project design drawings and bid 

specifications; master planning; facilities studies; engineering reports and studies; and critical 

functional leadership activities directed at increasing the rate of return of constrained Agency 

resources while keeping the facility infrastructure safe, reliable, and available.



Institutional facilities projects support NASA's mission and strategic goals by revitalizing the 

infrastructure to ensure reliable ground systems critical for NASA's flight, space flight, and research 

missions. Projects will reduce un-needed infrastructure through demolition and disposal and reduce 

the Agency's liability resulting from facilities that the Agency no longer needs. The Agency will reduce 

energy usage and energy dependence by constructing high performance, sustainable facilities and 

replacing old failing systems with new energy efficient systems. Projects within the Institutional 

Construction of Facilities program will improve mission safety and success, protect the NASA 

workforce and mission equipment, and improve employee health by improving indoor air quality.



NASA will initiate several recapitalization projects in 2010. These projects will mitigate the Agency's 

highest facility risks and bring facilities back to their design life and parameters by revitalizing major 

systems and eliminating their associated maintenance backlog, or replacing facilities when it is not 

economically viable to revitalize. The projects that comprise this request are of the highest priority 

based on relative urgency and expected return on investment.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-56
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program 

SUMMARY OF RESOURCES INCLUDED IN BUDGET REQUEST

In Millions of Dollars 

FY 2008

Actuals 

FY 2009

Enacted FY 2010 

 

Total Construction of Facilities 366.1 402.2 412.0

 

Science 43.9 21.6 12.6

Exploration 64.0 97.0 88.4

Space Operations 9.2 14.7 26.8

Cross-Agency Support 249.0 268.9 284.2

CROSS-57
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF CHANGES

SUMMARY OF FY 2010 NON-PROGRAMMATIC COF PROJECTS

SUMMARY OF FY 2010 NON-PROGRAMMATIC CoF PROJECTS 

In Millions of Dollars 

FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 

Institutional CoF Projects 249.0 268.9 284.2

 

Repair Hangar, Fire Protection and Electrical, B4820 (DFRC) --- --- 10.0 

Repair Primary Electrical Distribution System (DFRC) --- --- 12.0 

Construct Centralized Office Building (GRC) --- --- 25.3 

Construct Shipping and Receiving Facility (GSFC) --- --- 12.8 

Revitalize Administrative Support Building 12 (JSC) --- --- 22.0 

Renovation of Operations & Checkout Building (KSC) 7.0 6.5 18.0 

Revitalize High and Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution Systems 

(KSC) --- --- 18.1 

Replace Asbestos Siding and Provide Energy Upgrades to Building 

4707 (MSFC) --- 7.4 5.0 

Construct Collaboration Support Facility, Building N232 (ARC) --- 29.0 --- 

Upgrade Electrical Supply Reliability, NASA Advanced Supercomputing 

Facility (ARC) --- 11.5 --- 

Construct Replacement Propellants North Maintenance Facility (KSC) --- 5.0 --- 

Revitalize Electrical Maintenance Facility (KSC) --- 5.9 --- 

Repair and Construct Consolidated Information Technology Center, 

Phase 2 (DFRC) --- 10.8 --- 

Upgrade Auxiliary Chiller Plant (JSC) --- 7.5 --- 

Repair Hurricane Damage, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

(JSC) --- 50.0 --- 

Construct Flight Project Center (JPL) 3.9 --- --- 

Construct New Office Facility (JSC) 11.9 --- --- 

Construct Replacement Administrative Office Bldg (LaRC) 28.8 --- --- 

Construct Replacement Engineering Building (MSFC) 34.0 --- --- 

Replace Asbestos Siding and Provide Energy/Safety Upgrades, Bldg 

4705 (MSFC) 8.9 --- --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations (less than $10M 

per project) 105.6 80.9 94.6 

Demolition of Facilities 14.4 15.0 20.0 

Construction Planning, Design and Management 34.5 39.4 46.4 

CROSS-58
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

NON-PROGRAMMATIC DISCRETE PROJECTS

Project Title: Repair Hangar, Fire Protection and Electrical, B4820 

Location: Dryden Flight Research Center, Kern County, CA 

FY 2010 Estimate: $10.0M 

The building 4820 aircraft hangar currently has a high bay deluge fire protection system. This project 

replaces components of the existing system necessary to provide a fire protection system compliant 

with current policy for hangars with fueled aircraft. The project also replaces the electrical power 

distribution system, including the installation of explosion proof duplex outlets with dedicated circuit 

breakers for each outlet. About half of the duplex outlets will be supplied through an uninterruptible 

power supply (UPS) which is required to protect test systems. Power control cabinets will be replaced. 

The existing power control cabinets were manufactured in the 1960s, are obsolete, and have significant 

safety concerns. Personnel emergency egress from room 121, a control room, office space in rooms 

121 and 122, and storage areas in rooms 221 and 222, will be brought into life safety code compliance. 

 This includes the construction of a safe egress corridor from the first floor rooms to the outside of the 

building. A second floor office area with conference room and restroom will also be constructed, and 

will address the Americans with Disabilities Act requirements for rooms 221 and 222 which are currently 

non-compliant. 

Project Title: Repair Primary Electrical Distribution System 

Location: Dryden Flight Research Center, Kern County, California 

FY 2010 Estimate: $12.0M 

This project will replace Dryden's main electrical distribution Substation 16 by constructing a new 

electrical substation with two sources of power, and integrating it with the existing emergency 

generators. A new building for the switchgear assemblies will also be provided. These switchgear 

assemblies will provide a source for power distribution throughout the center. Substation 16 is failing 

and difficult to repair. If this substation fails, DFRC will no longer be able to support any missions. The 

repair of this system is essentially a constant effort due to the age of the equipment and the extreme 

desert weather/environment. Critical components of this substation have already failed including one of 

two main incoming power circuit breakers for which no replacement parts are available. Some 

equipment in this substation is more than 35 years old and beyond its design life. There is no way to 

predict future equipment failures. 

Project Title: Construct Centralized Office Building 

Location: Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 

FY 2010 Estimate: $25.3M 

This project will construct an 80,000 to 90,000 square foot office building designed to consolidate 300 of 

Glenn Research Center’s program, project management, and engineering personnel onto the main 

Lewis Field campus. This will allow for the deconstruction* of 205,000 square feet of deteriorated North 

Campus Office Buildings Numbers 500 and 501. The new building will be three or four stories with a 

partial basement, contain ten conference rooms, and include an auditorium sized to seat 400 persons. 

Included in the project scope will be site work, underground utilities, and surface parking for 200 to 250 

vehicles. The building will be energy and water efficient, use materials with significant recycled and 

recyclable content, and provide an exceptional indoor environment that will achieve a LEED (Leadership 

in Energy and Environmental Design) Silver rating and employ sustainable design principles to comply 

with energy and water efficiency standards for Federal buildings. In order to clear the main campus site 

needed for the new office building and surface parking requirements, the deconstruction* of the 10,000 

square foot Storage Building No. 84, and the 8,000 square foot Warehouse Building No. 137 is also 

required. These old structures are no longer weather-tight and have significant mold and moisture 

problems. A new 18,200 square foot warehouse will be constructed in the GRC Lewis Field West Area 

CROSS-59
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

to replace these old facilities. The new building will be one story above grade with high bay framing, 

have 12,000 square feet of high capacity storage space, include office space for approximately 

16 persons, and include approximately 20 new parking spaces. Site work and underground utilities for 

the new warehouse are also included. 

*Note: Deconstruction work is being funded through our normal demolition account and is not part of 

this project. 

Project Title: Construct Shipping and Receiving Facility 

Location: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 

FY 2010 Estimate: $12.8M 

The project will construct an approximately 25,000 gross square foot building located in a relatively 

isolated area of the eastern perimeter of GSFC. The building will house the shipping and receiving 

functions for GSFC including mail room and duplication, packing and crating, a small amount of office 

space, temporary storage space, and bathrooms and other institutional support space. Associated work 

includes loading docks, new and upgraded roadways, parking, traffic control, security station and 

fencing, site lighting, new and upgraded utilities, erosion and sediment control, storm water 

management, forest conservation, and landscaping. Capacity for warehouse expansion and ultimate 

site build out is included to limited extents. This project is within the scope of the GSFC’s master plan. 

The Building 16 Complex was built in 1964 to house GSFC's Logistics functions. When built the facility 

was on the perimeter of the Center’s west campus adjacent to a public roadway. That is no longer the 

case. The facility now lies approximately in the middle of a unified east/west Center and deliveries must 

be inspected at perimeter Center security gates which are inadequate for proper receipt and inspection 

of bulk deliveries. These functions need to be relocated to the perimeter of the Center for security 

purposes. Complete and proper inspections need to occur before shipments reach to highly populated 

areas and critical facilities on the Center. The Complex has been added to over the years to provide 

additional office spaces which now house over 200 Program Project Management personnel. These 

two disparate functions housed together in the same Complex make this building a single point of failure 

for missions in the event of an attack through the mail/delivery system. 

Project Title: Revitalize Administrative Support Building 12 

Location: Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 

FY 2010 Estimate: $22.0M 

This project will provide for total refurbishment of Administrative Support Building 12 which houses 

Finance, Education, Human Resources, Information Systems and Business Management personnel. It 

contains a film vault, the Center language lab, software design labs and Center computer training 

rooms. The refurbishment will be LEED Silver and strive to attain Gold certification. The project will 

remove asbestos sprayed on the underside of the decking, contained in floor tile, pipe insulation, and 

sheet rock. Indoor air quality will be improved by replacing HVAC systems. Accessibility issues for the 

disabled will be addressed. Obsolete fire protection equipment will be replaced, and a sprinkler system 

will be installed. All electrical switchgear and Motor Control Center equipment will be replaced. Building 

architectural issues, such as the floor plan, lighting, open stairwell (fire issue) will be replaced or 

upgraded. Building 12 is a two-story, 63,511 square feet facility that houses over 220 people who will 

be relocated during construction. It is the oldest building on site, and was constructed in 1963 as a 

main frame computer building. The function of the building has changed significantly, resulting in 

inadequate and oversized HVAC systems with marginal fresh air to meet indoor air quality standards. 

The facility has experienced high failure rates of equipment and critical components are obsolete. 

Repair work orders in 2006 numbered 208. For 2007, the trend has increased to 298 repair work 

orders. Mechanical and electrical equipment rooms are combined and equipment cannot be replaced 

without cutting the equipment into pieces. 

CROSS-60
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

Project Title: Renovation of Operations and Checkout Building 

Location: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida 

FY 2010 Estimate: $18.0M 

This project revitalizes the Operations and Checkout Building for indoor air quality, energy efficiency 

and life safety compliance in various locations. The revitalization will consist of installing a sprinkler 

system, energy-efficient office lighting, complete updating of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air 

Conditioning (HVAC) systems and demolishing the existing HVAC ductwork that contributes to poor 

indoor air quality and asbestos abatement. Other facility systems include HVAC controls, lighting and 

fire protection. This phase will include the demolition and renovation of the remaining portion of the 

North Wing, including the three walkways between the north and the south wings. It also includes 

selected facility systems that support the institutional laboratories in the south wing, such as the air 

handling units, the motor control centers, and the lightning 

protection system. In addition, this project will upgrade employees’ office areas in the north wing, 

including power, communications and data systems. A critical need exists at the Kennedy Space 

Center to revitalize substandard facilities affecting the health, safety and welfare of personnel. The 

deteriorated substandard facilities are contributing to costly maintenance requirements, highly inefficient 

energy consumption and unhealthy working environments. The facility has not been updated to current 

Florida Building Codes, Florida Fire Prevention Codes, or National Fire Protection Association Life 

Safety Standards. This project will relieve personnel of the health dangers associated with poor Indoor 

Air Quality and Building Related Illnesses. An increase in space utilization will be realized. This is the 

fifth and final phase of this project. 

Project Title: Revitalize High and Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution Systems 

Location: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida 

FY 2010 Estimate: $18.1M 

This project will replace deteriorated, degraded and defective high-voltage (HV) and medium-voltage 

(MV) electrical equipment including but not limited to feeder cables, switchgears, duct banks, 

transformers, unit substations, protective relays, and corrosion control on electrical equipment 

enclosures and supporting structures. Selected portions of the power system duct banks will be 

replaced where deterioration precludes re-use for new cabling. Much of the existing medium voltage 

cable installed between 1960 and 1980 is deteriorated, obsolete, and failing. Corrosion is a major 

contributor to deterioration of electrical equipment at KSC resulting from the proximity to the coast and 

salt-water laden environment. The majority of KSC MV cables are installed in underground duct banks 

that are submerged in water due to the high water table. Moisture migration through sheath and 

insulation is a factor for accelerated deterioration of these types of cables. The new cables being 

installed are EPR and have a better performance in wet environments. 

Project Title: Replace Asbestos Siding and Provide Energy Upgrades to Building 4707, Phase 2 

Location: Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 

FY 2010 Estimate: $5.0M 

This project provides upgrades to mechanical and electrical distribution systems that no longer meet the 

current and future operational needs of this facility. Air handling units will be replaced, centralized and/or 

supplemented. The mechanical and electrical systems will be added to the Utility Control System 

network for automated control for improved energy conservation. This project will contribute toward 

meeting MSFC's requirement to operate at or below the established 2010 energy efficiency goals and 

will also reduce deferred maintenance, enhance indoor air quality, and optimize operational and 

maintenance practices. Building 4707 offers unique capabilities not otherwise available on or off-site. It 

is defined as a "Significant" mission support facility in MSFC’s Master Plan and will continue to be a 

showcase of unique technological capabilities. This one-of-a-kind facility houses the highest state-of -

the-art equipment that supports both national collaborative strategies and joint programs for 

CROSS-61
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

manufacturing research and development including the National Center for Advanced Manufacturing 

(NCAM) that are applicable to a broad spectrum of programs and projects. Mechanical systems are 

fragmented, subject to breakdown, and operating, maintenance and repair costs are increasing. The 

facility does not provide an adequate environment for its current functions and without these upgrades 

will not be able to support the Mission and Programs. This is the second of two phases with the total 

estimated cost of $12.4M. 

INSTITUTIONAL MINOR REVITALIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES

(PROJECTS LESS THAN $10.M EACH)

This request includes facility revitalization and construction needs with initial cost estimate greater than 

$1.0 million but less than $10.0 million per project. Projects with initial cost estimates of $1.0 million or 

less are normally accomplished by routine day-to-day facility maintenance and repair activities provided 

for in direct program and Center operating budgets. Proposed FY 2010 Institutional minor revitalization 

and construction projects total $94.6 million for components of the basic infrastructure and institutional 

facilities, funded in Institutional Investments, and $55.8 million for Program funded projects. These 

resources provide for revitalization and construction of facilities at NASA field installations and 

government-owned industrial plants supporting NASA activities. Revitalization and modernization 

projects provide for the repair, modernization, and/or upgrade of facilities and collateral equipment. 

Repair projects restore facilities and components to a condition substantially equivalent to the originally 

intended and designed capability. Repair and modernization work includes the substantially equivalent 

replacement of utility systems and collateral equipment necessitated by incipient or actual breakdown. 

It also includes major preventive measures that are normally accomplished on a cyclic schedule and 

those quickly needed out-of-cycle based on adverse condition information revealed during predictive 

testing and inspection efforts. Modernization and upgrade projects include both restoration of current 

functional capability and enhancement of the condition of a facility so that it can more effectively 

accomplish its designated purpose or increase its functional capability or so that it can meet new 

building, fire, and accessibility codes. 

The minor revitalization and construction projects that comprise this request are of the highest priority, 

based on relative urgency and expected return on investment. The titles of the projects are designed to 

identify the primary intent of each project and may not always capture the entire scope or description of 

each project. Also, during the year, some rearrangement of priorities may be necessary which may 

cause a change in some of the items to be accomplished. 

INSTITUTIONAL MINOR REVITALIZATION PROJECTS: $94.6 MILLION

A. Ames Research Center (ARC), $18.8 million for the following: 

1. Emergency/Fire Water Storage and Valves 

2. Restore Electrical Distribution System, Phase 8 

3. Replace Feedwater Tank and De-aerator 

4. Upgrade Perimeter Fence Line 

5. Automatic Fire Suppression Systems, Various Buildings 

6. Replace Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel 7200V Transformer Secondary Cables 

B. Glenn Research Center (GRC), $10.2 million for the following: 

1. Repair Raw Water System, Plum Brook Station 

2. Security Requirements for GRC Lewis Field Main Gate Area, Phase 3 

3. Repair Boiler, Electric Power Laboratory, Building No. 301 

4. Repair High Voltage System, Plum Brook Station, Phase 2 

CROSS-62
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

C. Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), $25.1 million for the following: 

1. Repair Central Power Plant Equipment, Building 24, Greenbelt 

2. Revitalize X-141 Switching Station, Wallops 

3. Replace Roofs, Various Buildings, Greenbelt & Wallops 

4. Upgrade Fire Alarm System, Various Buildings, Greenbelt 

5. Launch Facility Protection, Wallops Island 

6. Replace Building 25 Geothermal Heat Pump 

D. Johnson Space Center (JSC), $15.8 million for the following: 

1. Upgrade Sanitary Sewer System, WSTF 

2. Upgrade Site Electrical Distribution System 

3. Replace Potable Water Piping Distribution System 

4. Rehabilitate Emergency Electrical Systems, Various Areas and 300 Area Substation, WSTF

 

E. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), $4.5 million for the following: 

1. Repair Center Wide Fire Monitoring, Detection and Alarm System, Phase 1 

2. Revitalize/Upgrade Water & Waste Water Systems, Various Locations, Phase 2 

F. Langley Research Center (LaRC), $9.3 million for the following: 

1. Replace Unit Substations, Various Facilities 

2. Repair Underground Utility Tunnels #1 & #2 and Steam Distribution Systems and Components 

inside the Tunnels 

G. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), $4.5 million for the following: 

1. Repair Electrical Distribution System, Site Wide, Phase 2 

 

H. Stennis Space Center, $6.4 million for the following: 

1. Refurbish Test Stand Fire Main System, Phase 1 

 2. Repair High and Low Voltage Electrical System Sitewide 

CROSS-63
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

DEMOLITION OF FACILITIES

Cognizant Office: Office of Infrastructure 

FY 2010 Estimate: $20.0M 

The amount requested is required to fund major demolition projects Agency-wide. NASA owns over 

2,500 buildings, and over 2,300 other structures, totaling more than 40 million square feet 

with a current replacement value of over $24 billion. About 420 of these facilities are "mothballed" or 

"abandoned." Closed facilities are a drain on NASA resources and should be demolished because they 

can deteriorate into eyesores and possible safety hazards. Demolition projects have accounted for a 

significant deferred maintenance reduction and have an estimated payback period of seven years. 

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT

Cognizant Office: Office of Infrastructure 

FY 2010 Estimate: $46.4M 

These funds are required to provide for: advance planning and design activities; special engineering 

studies; facility engineering research; preliminary engineering efforts required to initiate design-build 

projects; preparation of final designs, construction plans, specifications, and associated cost estimates; 

Center labor and travel required to support Institutional CoF Program management; and participation in 

facilities-related professional engineering associations and organizations. These resources provide for 

project planning and design activities associated with non-programmatic construction projects. Project 

planning and design activities for construction projects required to conduct specific programs or projects 

are included in the appropriate budget line item. Other activities funded include: master planning; value 

engineering studies; design and construction management studies; facility operation and maintenance 

studies; facilities utilization analyses; engineering support for facilities management systems; and capital 

leveraging research activities. 

CROSS-64
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

SUMMARY OF FY 2010 PROGRAM DIRECT BY MISSION DIRECTORATE

SUMMARY OF FY 2010 PROGRAM DIRECT PROJECTS BY MISSION DIRECTORATE 

 

In Millions of Dollars 

FY 2008

Actuals 

FY 2009

Enacted FY 2010* 

 

PROGRAMMATIC COF PROJECTS 117.1 133.3 127.8

 

SCIENCE 43.9 21.6 12.6

Construct Laser Fabrication and Test Facility (GSFC) --- 5.4 --- 

Improve Launch Pad Infrastructure, WFF (GSFC) --- 14.0 --- 

Construct Exploration Sciences Building (GSFC) 20.0 --- --- 

Construct Flight Projects Center (JPL) 14.2 --- --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Earth 

Science Research --- --- 11.4 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by 

Heliophysics Research --- 1.5 1.2 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Cosmic 

Origins 2.9 .6 --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Planetary 

Science Research 1.1 .1 --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Deep Space 

Network 5.7 --- --- 

 

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS 64.0 97.0 88.4

Modify Launch Complex 39B for ARES 1 Vehicles (KSC) --- 21.7 6.8 

Modify Vehicle Assembly Building (KSC) --- 2.5 35.8 

Modify Multi-Payload Processing Facility for Orion (KSC) --- --- 1.0 

Modify Building 103 to Support Upper Stage Manufacturing, MAF (MSFC) --- 11.0 2.5 

Construct A-3 Propulsion Test Facility (SSC) --- --- 16.8 

Modify Space Power Facility for Orion Integrated Environmental Testing, 

Plum Brook Station (GRC) 4.0 --- 2.3 

Modify Multi-Payload Processing Facility for Crew Exploration Vehicle (KSC) --- 7.7 --- 

Construct Vertical Assembly & Welding High Bay in Building 103, MAF 

(MSFC) --- 42.3 --- 

Modify A-1 Propulsion Test Facility (SSC) --- 0.9 --- 

Construct Center for Human Space Flight Performance and Research (JSC) 5.0 --- --- 

Construct Crew Exploration Vehicle Avionics and Integration Lab (JSC) 23.0 --- --- 

Revitalize Operations and Checkout Building for Orion Crew Vehicle (KSC) 18.2 --- --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by 

Constellation Systems 13.8 10.9 21.2 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Exploration 

Technology Development Program --- --- 2.0 

 

SPACE OPERATIONS 9.2 14.7 26.8

Construct 34-Meter Beam Waveguide Antenna, DSS-35, Canberra, 

Australia (JPL) --- --- 6.8 

Construct Center for Human Space Flight Performance and Research (JSC) 4.0 --- --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Space 

Station 1.9 --- --- 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Deep Space 

Network --- 12.2 4.3 

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations funded by Space and 

Flight Support 3.3 2.5 15.7 

* The human spaceflight review may result in changes to the budget for Exploration activities.

CROSS-65
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

PROGRAMMATIC DISCRETE PROJECTS

Exploration 

Project Title: Modify Launch Complex 39B for ARES I Vehicles 

Location: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $6.8 M 

This project modifies and upgrades Launch Complex 39B to support launch of the Orion crew 

exploration vehicle on the ARES I crew launch vehicle. Launch Complex 39B is currently configured to 

support launch of the Space Shuttle. The differences in vehicle architecture between ARES I and 

Shuttle are significant enough to necessitate considerable changes to the existing launch complex. 

Implementation of these changes is critical to enable safe and affordable operation of the ARES I crew 

launch vehicle. This is the second increment of a multi-year funded project. The $38.4 million first 

phase of this project is already underway and is funded using fiscal year 2006 and 2007 resources. 

Two additional phases are planned in FY11 and FY12 for a total project cost estimate of $96.9 million. 

Project Title: Modify Vehicle Assembly Building 

Location: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $35.8 M 

This project modifies the Vehicle Assembly Building to accommodate assembly of the ARES I crew 

launch vehicles. This is the second increment of a multi-year funded project. The first increment of this 

project was funded with $2.5 million in fiscal year 2009. The original description provided to Congress 

for the first increment reflected our plans at the time to modify the existing work platforms, lifting 

devices, lighting, and other building infrastructure systems. Trade studies performed as part of our 

preliminary engineering work determined it would be more cost effective to replace the existing 

platforms rather than modify them. Additional facility modifications are required and critical to enable 

the safe and affordable operation of the ARES-I crew launch vehicle. Two additional phases are 

planned in FY11 and FY12 for a total project cost estimate of $64 million. 

Project Title: Modify Multi-Payload Processing Facility (MPPF) for Orion 

Location: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $1.0 M 

This project modifies and upgrades the Multi-Payload Processing Facility to enable off-line Orion 

spacecraft processing for hazardous fueling operations, as well as non-hazardous cargo loading and 

system testing. The capability to conduct hazardous operations of the Orion spacecraft off-line will 

provide a safer environment for personnel conducting the hazardous operations, a four day critical path 

reduction for launch processing, and a rollback and de-servicing capability for contingency operations. 

These capabilities are critical requirements to enable safe and affordable deployment of the Orion Crew 

Exploration Vehicle, and cannot be economically accommodated in any other facility. The first phase of 

this project is $1 million, and the second phase is projected to be $9.5 million for a total project cost 

estimate of $10.5 million. 

CROSS-66
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

Project Title: Modify Building 103 to Support Upper Stage Manufacturing 

Location: Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $2.5 M 

This project provides for modifications to Building 103 at MAF for horizontal welding, reaction control 

system assembly, avionics integration, test and assembly, machining, and common bulkhead assembly 

and cleaning. This is the second increment of a multi-year funded project. The first increment of this 

project is funded with $11 million of FY 2009 resources. The project will modify various locations in 

Building 103 to accommodate robotic weld tools, humidity and temperature controlled environments, 

heavy machinery, ovens, and cleaning tanks. Modifications will include the installation of mass 

foundations, various mechanical systems such as shop air, pneumatics, hydraulics, and electrical 

systems such as power, lighting and grounding. An additional phase is planned in FY11 for a total 

project cost estimate of $19 million. 

Project Title: Construct A-3 Propulsion Test Facility 

Location: Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $16.8 M 

This project consists of construction of a new propulsion test facility in Stennis Space Center A-complex 

including Test Stand, Test Control Center, Operations Support Building, and auxiliary buildings. The 

new test facility will enable long duration altitude testing of the J-2X engine. The facility will have the 

capability to simulate high altitude testing, sea-level testing, and engine gimbaling. Infrastructure 

systems included are test stand structure, access roadways and parking, propellant storage and 

delivery systems, gas storage and delivery systems, propellant barge docks, engine handling and 

staging, altitude simulation systems, electrical power systems, and other supporting sub-systems to 

make the facility operational. This is the third increment of a multi-year funded project. The first and 

second phases of this project are already underway, and are funded using fiscal year 2006 and 2007 

resources totaling $71.7 million. An additional phase is planned in FY11 for a total project cost estimate 

of $94 million. The project cost estimate has grown by $22 million from the 2009 President's Budget 

due to increased program requirements, as well as an increase in labor and material costs. 

Project Title: Modify Space Power Facility for Orion Integrated Environmental Testing 

Location: Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, Sandusky, Ohio 

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems 

FY 2010 Estimate: $2.3M 

This project provides for modifications to the Space Power Facility at Plum Brook Station to enable 

thermal vacuum, electromagnetic, acoustic and vibration testing of the Orion and Altair spacecrafts. 

New construction within the existing facility creates a radiant acoustic test chamber and a mechanical 

vibration test position. Changes related to technical and testing requirements maturation for the Orion 

crew module have increased the complexity and cost of this project, since first presented. The first and 

second phases of this project are already underway, and are funded using fiscal year 2007 and 2008 

resources totaling $55.0 million. Two additional phases are planned in FY11 and FY12 for a total 

project cost estimate of $103 million. The state of Ohio is funding $5 million for construction services. 

CROSS-67
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

Space Operations 

Project Title: Construct 34-Meter Beam Waveguide Antenna, DSS-35 

Location: Canberra, Australia 

Mission Directorate: Space Operations 

FY 2010 Estimate: $6.8 M 

This project includes fabrication and installation of the antenna structure, panels, gearboxes, bearings, 

electric drives, encoders, beam waveguide mirrors, subreflector and subreflector positioner. It also 

includes the design and construction of the foundation and pedestal, as well as facilities in and around 

the Canberra Complex, antenna structure and pedestal, such as paved 

access road, trenches, drainage, flood control devices, water main and distribution system, antenna 

apron, security fence, HVAC, electrical power distribution, fire detection and suppression system, and 

surveillance system assembly. A Beam Waveguide antenna is needed to add resilience in the southern 

hemisphere for the Deep Space Network. This antenna is needed to support additional mission loading 

from projects currently under development and scheduled for launch during or after 2015. This is the 

first of three increments with a total estimated construction cost of $25.7 million with the last phase 

planned for FY 2012. 

CROSS-68
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

PROGRAMMATIC MINOR REVITALIZATION PROJECTS: $55.8 MILLION

SCIENCE

A. Ames Research Center (ARC), $4.9 million for the following: 

1. Renovate Electrical Systems, Building N233 (Earth Science Research) 

B. Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), $1.2 million for the following: 

 1. Modification and Rehabilitation of Vehicle Assembly Building, White Sands Missile 

Range (WSMR), Phase 2 (Heliophysics Research)

C. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), $6.5 million for the following: 

 1. Restore Data Center, B320, Phase 1 (Earth Science Research) 

EXPLORATION *

A. Ames Research Center (ARC), $2.0 million for the following: 

1. Replace Steam Vacuum System, Arcjet Facility (Exploration Technology Development 

Program) 

B. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), $5.0 million for the following: 

 1. Install Pier Scour Protection (Constellation) 

C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), $16.2 million for the following: 

1. Modify Building 110 for Upper Stage LO2 Proof Test, MAF (Constellation) 

2. Modify Cell N Building 131 for Thermal Protection System, MAF (Constellation) 

3. Rehabilitate Production Wastewater Tanks, MAF, Phase 2 (Constellation) 

4. Replace Fire Alarm System in Various Buildings, MAF, Phase 3 (Constellation) 

5. Replace Transformer, West Master, MAF, Phase 3 (Constellation) 

6. Rehabilitate Cranes and Trolleys/Controls, MAF, Phase 1, (Constellation) 

7. Replace Substations 25, 454A/45B, MAF (Constellation) 

8. Replace and Upgrade Bridge Cranes Control Systems (Constellation) 

SPACE OPERATIONS

A. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), $4.3 million for the following: 

1. Modify Power Distribution System, Canberra, Australia (Space Communication) 

2. Replace ‘B’ Bank Generator Switchgear, Canberra, Australia (Space Com.) 

* The human spaceflight review may result in changes to the budget for Exploration activities.

CROSS-69
Mission Directorate: Cross Agency Support 

Theme: Institutional Investment Theme 

Program: Institutional Construction of Facilities Program

B. Johnson Space Center (JSC), $9.9 million for the following: 

 1. Install Firefighting Foam System, Ellington Field Hangers (Human Space Flight Operations 

(HSFO)) 

 2. Upgrade Utility Tunnel (HSFO) 

C. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), $4.3 million for the following: 

1. Repair Roof and Gutters Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (Launch Services) 

2. Upgrade Fire Protection Systems Various Buildings (HSFO) 

D. Stennis Space Center (SSC), $1.5 million for the following: 

 1. Modify Fluid Processing Facility (Rocket Propulsion Testing) 

CROSS-70
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments

Program: Environmental Compliance and Restoration

NASA's Environmental Compliance and Restoration (ECR) Program primarily provides for personnel, 

services, and activities necessary to complete the cleanup of hazardous materials and wastes that 

have been released to the surface or groundwater at NASA installations, NASA-owned industrial 

plants supporting NASA activities, and other current or former sites where NASA operations have 

contributed to environmental problems and where the agency is legally obligated to address these 

hazardous releases. Liquidating these liabilities is estimated to cost nearly one billion dollars with 

much of that work planned in the next decade. Specific program activities include projects, studies, 

assessments, investigations, plans, designs, related engineering, program support, sampling, 

monitoring, regulatory agency oversight costs, and any land acquisitions necessary to ensure 

operation of remedial treatment processes and sites as part of the remediation and cleanup 

measures. 







This program also invests in methodologies for sustainably reducing energy intensity and greenhouse 

gas emissions and supports operational activities by ensuring that advances in chemical risk 

management are incorporated early in the mission project design phase. 







Additional information concerning NASA's ECR program can be found at 

http://oim.hq.nasa.gov/oia/emd/ecr.html

Program Overview

Environmental Compliance 

and Restoration

76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 --

Environmental Compliance 

and Restoration

76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 52.6

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

76.5 74.8 71.2 66.3 51.3 51.4 52.6

Changes from FY 2009 Request 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

CROSS-71
Mission Directorate:

Theme:

Cross-Agency Support

Institutional Investments

Program: Environmental Compliance and Restoration

The FY 2010 funding request represents a prioritized, risk-based approach for addressing a total of 

135 cleanup projects remaining at all NASA centers and is based upon the relative urgency and the 

potential health and safety hazards related to each individual cleanup. As studies, assessments, 

investigations, plans, regulatory approvals, and designs progress and as new discoveries or 

regulatory requirements change, it is expected that program priorities may change requiring revisions 

to planned activities.







Major cleanup activities with the highest priority requirements planned for accomplishment in FY 2010 

include the following:







1) Continue decontamination and demolition of NASA's Plum Brook Reactor Facility. FY 2010 

funding is projected to move us very close to our goal of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 

license termination and return of the land to productive use.







2) Address ground water and drinking water issues associated with contamination emanating from 

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory;







3) Continue cleanup of ground water contamination at White Sands Test Facility; and







4) Accelerate cleanup of contamination at Santa Susana Field Laboratory to facilitate property 

transfer.

Plans For FY 2010

CROSS-72
Inspector General

The NASA Office of Inspector General (OIG) budget request for FY 2010 is $36.4 million. The NASA OIG 

consists of 186 auditors, analysts, specialists, investigators, and support staff at NASA Headquarters in 

Washington, DC, and NASA Centers throughout the United States. The FY 2010 request supports the OIG 

mission to prevent and detect crime, fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement while promoting economy, 

effectiveness, and efficiency within the Agency.







The OIG Office of Audits (OA) conducts independent, objective audits and reviews of NASA and NASA 

contractor programs and projects to improve NASA operations, as well as a broad range of professional audit 

and advisory services. It also comments on NASA policies and is responsible for the oversight of audits 

performed under contract. OA helps NASA accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined 

approach to evaluate and improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of NASA operations. 







The OIG Office of Investigations (OI) identifies, investigates, and refers for prosecution cases of crime, waste, 

fraud, and abuse in NASA programs and operations. The OIG's federal law enforcement officers investigate false 

claims, false statements, conspiracy, theft, computer crimes, mail fraud, and violations of federal laws, such as 

the Procurement Integrity Act and the Anti-Kickback Act. Through its investigations, OI also seeks to prevent and 

deter crime at NASA. 







NASA's FY 2010 OIG request is broken out as follows: 







-	$30.5 million (84 percent) of the proposed budget is dedicated to personnel and related costs, including salaries, 

benefits, monetary awards, worker's compensation, permanent change of station costs, as well as the 

Government's contributions for Social Security, Medicare, health and life insurance, retirement accounts, and 

matching contributions to Thrift Savings Plan accounts. Salaries include the required additional 25 percent law 

enforcement availability pay for criminal investigators. 







-	$1.3 million (3 percent) of the proposed budget is dedicated to travel, per diem at current rates, and related 

expenses. The OIG staff is located at 12 offices on or near NASA installations and contractor facilities. 







-	$4.6 million (13 percent) of the proposed budget is dedicated to operations and equipment primarily funding for 

the Agency's annual financial audit, and also includes funding for training, government vehicles, special 

equipment for criminal investigators, metro subsidies, and information technology equipment unique to the OIG.

Overview

Inspector General 32.6 35.5 36.4 37.3 38.3 39.2 --

FY 2009 President's Budget 

Request

32.6 35.5 36.4 37.3 38.3 39.2 --

Inspector General 32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6

FY 2010 President's Budget 

Request

32.6 35.6 36.4 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.6

Total Change from FY 2009 

President's Budget Request

0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 --

Note: In all budget tables, the FY 2010 President's Budget Request depicts the September 2008 Operating Plan for the 2008 

Actuals and the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5) 

for the 2009 enacted. In accordance with the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-409), the Inspector General 

certifies that the $.4M for staff training and $.1M to support the Council of Inspectors General on Economy and Efficiency 

included in the budget request satisfies all known training requirements and planned contributions to the Council.

FY 2010 Budget Request

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY 2008 

Actual

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

IG-1
Inspector General

Major Changes:

None

Major Highlights for FY 2010

None

The FY 2010 budget estimates for the IG is a total of $36.4 million: 



Personnel and related costs $30.5 million 



Travel $1.3 million 



Operations and Equipment $4.6 million

New Initiatives:

Inspector General

Plans for FY 2010

Inspector General

IG-2
Supporting Data: Table of Contents 

SUPPORTING DATA TABLE OF CONTENTS

Funds Distribution by Installation SD-2-3

 

Civil Service Full-Time Equivalent Distribution by Center SD-4

 

Budget for FY 2010 by Object Class SD-5

 

Status of Unobligated Funds SD-6

 

Reimbursable Estimates SD-7

 

Enhanced Use Leasing SD-8

 

Budget for Microgravity Science SD-9

 

Budget for Safety Oversight SD-10

 

Budget for Public Relations SD-11

 

Consulting Services SD-12 

 

E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits SD-13-22

 

SUP-1
Supporting Data: Civil Service Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Distribution by Center 

. 

FUNDS DISTRIBUTION BY INSTALLATION

($ in Millions) FY 2009 Current1 FY 2010 Estimate2

Ames Research Center $611.2 $615.2

 Science $159.4 $188.9 

 Aeronautics Research $99.4 $104.0 

 Exploration Systems $75.9 $70.8 

 Space Operations $16.2 $2.3 

 Education $5.5 $5.2 

 Cross-Agency Support $254.7 $244.2 

Dryden Flight Research Center $245.9 $271.9

 Science $53.9 $53.8 

 Aeronautics Research $44.1 $60.8 

 Exploration Systems $39.8 $39.8 

 Space Operations $4.0 $4.4 

 Education $14.7 $14.8 

 Cross-Agency Support $89.3 $98.4 

Glenn Research Center $580.1 $631.6

 Science $27.2 $26.6 

 Aeronautics Research $117.8 $139.0 

 Exploration Systems $126.7 $118.5 

 Space Operations $29.2 $24.8 

 Education $9.3 $15.1 

 Cross-Agency Support $269.9 $307.6 

Goddard Space Flight Center $2,832.7 $2,622.2

 Science $2,035.1 $1,978.4 

 Aeronautics Research $0.2 $0.0 

 Exploration Systems $28.7 $22.1 

 Space Operations $296.2 $121.5 

 Education $4.5 $2.3 

 Cross-Agency Support $468.0 $497.9 

Jet Propulsion Laboratory $1,346.4 $1,271.7

 Science $1,116.8 $1,013.3 

 Exploration Systems $23.4 $40.9 

 Space Operations $170.2 $179.6 

 Education $1.0 $9.2 

 Cross-Agency Support $34.9 $28.8 

Johnson Space Center $5,897.1 $6,269.7

 Science $34.5 $27.4 

 Exploration Systems $1,846.8 $1,740.3 

 Space Operations $3,530.4 $4,034.2 

 Education $7.0 $8.7 

 Cross-Agency Support $478.4 $459.1 

 

1

 FY 2009 current budget includes $1B in budget authority at Headquarters. These funds will be distributed to 

 Centers upon approval of Recovery plans. In addition, FY 2009 and 2010 estimates include program 

 funds not yet allocated to Centers. 

2

 The human spaceflight review may result in changes to the budget for Exploration activities. 

SUP-2
Supporting Data: Civil Service Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Distribution by Center 

. 

FUNDS DISTRIBUTION BY INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)

($ in Millions) FY 2009 Current3 FY 2010 Estimate4

Kennedy Space Center $1,415.0 $1,369.9

 Science $312.2 $257.9 

 Exploration Systems $308.8 $321.5 

 Space Operations $385.6 $361.1 

 Education $4.8 $3.8 

 Cross-Agency Support $403.6 $425.5 

Langley Research Center $651.4 $648.2

 Science $58.7 $60.0 

 Aeronautics Research $154.5 $170.1 

 Exploration Systems $102.6 $77.6 

 Space Operations $7.2 $0.9 

 Education $9.4 $9.7 

 Cross-Agency Support $319.0 $329.9 

Marshall Space Flight Center $2,522.2 $2,785.0

 Science $132.1 $128.8 

 Exploration Systems $845.8 $1,373.0 

 Space Operations $1,092.2 $829.1 

 Education $3.2 $4.7 

 Cross-Agency Support $449.0 $449.4 

NASA Headquarters $2,462.8 $2,001.2

 Science $969.4 $739.1 

 Aeronautics Research $233.9 $33.1 

 Exploration Systems $431.3 $73.8 

 Space Operations $164.6 $579.1 

 Education $108.9 $52.0 

 Cross-Agency Support $519.0 $487.8 

 Inspector General $35.6 $36.4 

Stennis Space Center $219.5 $199.3

 Science $3.5 $3.2 

 Exploration Systems $75.6 $85.0 

 Space Operations $68.9 $38.5 

 Education $0.9 $0.6 

 Cross-Agency Support $70.6 $72.0 

 Total $18,784.4 $18,686.0 

 

3

 FY 2009 current budget includes $1B in budget authority at Headquarters. These funds will be distributed to 

 Centers upon approval of Recovery plans. In addition, FY 2009 and 2010 estimates include program 

 funds not yet allocated to Centers 

4

 The human spaceflight review may result in changes to the budget for Exploration activities. 

SUP-3
Supporting Data: Civil Service Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Distribution by Center 

. 

CIVIL SERVICE FULL TIME EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION BY CENTER

NASA is well on its way toward retirement of the Space Shuttle and the development of the Orion Crew 

Exploration and Ares I Launch Vehicles, the first two in a suite of vehicles supporting the Agency’s 

Exploration missions. In addition, NASA is still sustaining operations on the International Space Station 

and continues to support vibrant science and aeronautics programs. NASA continues to plan its 

workforce needs based on the skills needed to complete all of its missions. Every year, a thorough 

workforce planning analysis is completed to determine what skills are needed to complete NASA’s 

programs and projects. Over the past couple of years, some of NASA’s skill needs have shifted 

because of the move from a Shuttle based fleet to the design and development of Exploration Vehicles. 

The resulting shift in workforce competencies have been (and continue to be) accomplished by 

retraining and reassignment of the critical civil service workforce. 

The workforce levels as proposed reflect the results of a grassroots planning activity to match workforce 

at the centers with demand across all Agency programs and projects. In order to ensure that the 

necessary skills are available to meet the work demand of current and future programs and projects, 

maintaining a total workforce level of 17,900 FTE, while reshaping the skills, is vitally important to 

meeting the challenges of NASA’s current and future commitments. 

To facilitate this reshaping, NASA is implementing a number of actions to ensure that its future 

workforce has the needed skills to perform the work, is more flexible to programmatic work demand 

shifts, and has a younger and healthier age profile. Some of these actions include implementing 

buyouts in surplus skill areas, implementing strategies for recruiting and retaining critical personnel, 

excluding students -mainly those in the Student Career Experience Program (SCEP–CO-OP) – from 

FTE ceilings, and moving toward a goal of having no more than 85% of all Civil Service Science and 

Engineering employees employed as Full-Time Permanent Employees. These strategies are making 

good use of the flexibilities granted to the Agency in the NASA Flexibility Act of 2004. Finally, with the 

implementation of agency workforce planning strategies during the past couple of years, NASA has 

eliminated previously forecasted uncovered workforce at each location through the budget planning 

horizon. 

ACTUALS* FTE ESTIMATES (Excludes Student FTEs) 

Center FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

ARC 1,274 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,202

DFRC 555 525 525 525 525 525 525

GRC 1,637 1,619 1,619 1,619 1,619 1,619 1,619

GSFC 3,124 3,143 3,143 3,143 3,143 3,143 3,143

JSC 3,308 3,265 3,265 3,265 3,265 3,265 3,265

KSC 2,201 2,106 2,106 2,106 2,106 2,106 2,106

LaRC 1,911 1,891 1,891 1,891 1,891 1,891 1,891

MSFC 2,565 2,541 2,541 2,541 2,541 2,541 2,541

SSC 268 265 265 265 265 265 265

HQ 1,193 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200

NSSC 123 143 143 143 143 143 143

Total 18,159 17,900 17,900 17,900 17,900 17,900 17,900

* FY 2008 FTE actuals include 218 Student FTEs; FY 2009-2014 Estimated FTEs do not include estimated 

 student FTEs of 267 for each fiscal year. 

SUP-4
Supporting Data: Budget for FY 2010 by Object Class 

. 

BUDGET FOR FY 2010 BY OBJECT CLASS CODE

The following tables reflect projections of obligations for FY 2010 based on FY 2008 actual obligations. The 

tables and data are organized to reflect the Mission Directorate structure which began in FY 2009 budget. 

* The human spaceflight review may result in changes to the budget for Exploration activities.

 

FY 2010 Total and Mission 

Directorate Estimates ($M) 

NASA SCIENCE AERONAUTICS EXPLORATION * SPACE OPERATIONS EDUCATION CROSS AGENCY SUPPORT 

Personnel compensation 

Full-time permanent $1,820.0 $194.3 $142.2 $361.0 $319.0 $4.3 $799.2 

Other than full-time permanent $149.2 $11.0 $11.2 $38.0 $36.2 $0.5 $52.2 

Other personnel compensation $50.9 $1.1 $0.8 $3.8 $4.3 $0.0 $40.9 

Special personal service 

payments $0.8 $0.0 $0.0 $0.1 $0.1 $0.0 $0.7 

Total Personnel compensation $2,020.9 $206.4 $154.2 $402.9 $359.5 $4.8 $893.0 

Civilian personnel benefits $513.7 $50.9 $37.5 $102.9 $91.9 $1.2 $229.3 

Benefits to former personnel $3.7 $0.1 $0.4 $0.4 $0.1 $0.0 $2.6 

Travel & transportation of 

persons $105.0 $18.4 $6.4 $22.0 $18.2 $0.5 $39.5 

Transportation of things $222.2 $2.0 $0.3 $137.8 $78.2 $0.0 $3.9 

Rental payments to GSA $36.4 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $36.3 

Rental payments to others $13.0 $5.1 $0.1 $3.0 $2.7 $0.0 $2.2 

Communications, utilities & misc 

charges $137.5 $3.1 $2.4 $10.2 $54.1 $0.0 $67.5 

Printing and reproduction $10.5 $2.3 $0.3 $1.3 $1.8 $0.1 $4.7 

Advisory and assistance services $681.4 $136.0 $16.9 $302.6 $43.7 $4.1 $178.3 

Other services $881.4 $218.6 $32.8 $119.9 $162.7 $11.5 $335.9 

Other purchases of goods & 

services from Gov accounts $495.9 $154.3 $9.5 $60.8 $187.7 $1.0 $82.7 

Operation and maintenance of 

facilities $2,421.6 $12.5 $24.7 $194.6 $1,814.5 $1.5 $373.8 

Research & development 

contracts $8,467.0 $2,853.0 $170.0 $2,212.0 $2,878.3 $9.7 $344.1 

Medical care $5.3 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.5 $0.0 $4.8 

Operation and maintenance of 

equipment $684.6 $54.5 $10.7 $66.8 $203.6 $3.5 $345.4 

Supplies and materials $186.5 $22.6 $14.2 $37.6 $59.6 $0.6 $51.9 

Equipment $333.6 $60.9 $23.4 $29.5 $156.3 $0.4 $63.1 

Land and structures $531.6 $60.2 $4.4 $167.0 $48.5 $0.0 $251.5 

Grants, subsidies, and 

contributions $969.1 $636.9 $51.2 $90.6 $5.5 $95.7 $89.2 

TOTAL DIRECT $18,720.8 $4,497.7 $559.4 $3,961.9 $6,167.4 $134.7 $3,399.7 

SUP-5
Supporting Data: Status of Unobligated Funds 

. 

STATUS OF UNOBLIGATED FUNDS

The figures below represent actual unobligated balances within NASA’s individual appropriation accounts 

as of September 30, 2008, and estimates for the disposition of those accounts at the future dates 

specified. 

FY 2008 – FY 2010 Appropriations ($ in millions) 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 2008

Estimated 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 

2009 

Estimated 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 

2010

Science, Exploration, & Aeronautics 345

Science 110 90

Exploration 78 79

Aeronautics 63 10

Education 34 25

Cross-Agency Support 67 68

Exploration Capabilities 100

Space Operations 115 124

Inspector General 0 2 1

Total NASA 445 469 397

 

Prior Year Appropriations ($ in millions) 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 2008

Estimated 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 

2009 

Estimated 

Unobligated 

Balances 

Sept. 30, 

2010

Science, Exploration, & Aeronautics 49

Science 

Exploration 

Aeronautics 

Education 

Cross-Agency Support 

Exploration Capabilities 64

Space Operations 

Total NASA 113 0 0

Totals may not add due to rounding 

SUP-6
Supporting Data: Reimbursable Estimates 

. 

REIMBURSABLE ESTIMATES

 

Reimbursable agreements are agreements where the NASA costs associated with the undertaking are 

borne by the non-NASA partner. NASA undertakes reimbursable agreements when it has equipment, 

facilities, and services that it can make available to others in a manner that does not interfere with NASA 

mission requirements. As most reimbursable requests to NASA do not occur until the year of execution, 

the FY 2010 estimate is based on historical data.

Budget Authority ($ in millions) 

FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 

Science, Aeronautics & Exploration 693.2 

 Science 556.5 

 Exploration 16.5 

 Aeronautics 95.8 

 Cross-Agency Support 24.4 

 

Exploration Capabilities 321.9 

 Space Operations 321.9 

 

Cross Agency Support 1,474.6 1,575.2 

 

Office of Inspector General 0.4 1.5 1.5 

 

Total 1,015.5 1,476.1 1,576.7 

SUP-7
Supporting Data: Budget for Microgravity Science 

. 

ENHANCED USE LEASING

In 2003, NASA was authorized by Congress to demonstrate leasing authority and collections at two 

Centers. In 2007 and in 2008, that authority was amended by Congress such that NASA may enter into 

leasing arrangements at all Centers after December 2008. After deducting the costs of administering the 

leases, Centers are then permitted to retain 65% of net receipt revenue, and the balance is made 

available agency-wide for NASA. These funds are in addition to annual appropriations. To ensure 

annual oversight and review, the FY 2009 Appropriations bill, P.L. 111-8 contains a provision that 

requires NASA to submit a separate accounting of leasing collections and proposed expenditures in its 

annual budget justification submission to Congress. There are no civil servants funded from EUL 

income. 

FY2010 EUL Expenses and Revenues ($K) ARC KSC Total 

Base Rent $ 5,196.7 35.7 5,232.4 

Institutional Support Income 1,803.7 21.0 1,824.7 

Total Rent Income $ 7,000.4 56.7 7,057.1 

 

Institutional Support Costs $ (1,803.7) (21.0) (1,824.7) 

Lease Management and Administration (700.0) - (700.0) 

Tenant Building Maintenance and Repair (310.5) - (310.5) 

Total Cost Associated with Leases $ (2,814.2) (21.0) (2,835.2) 

 

Net Revenue from Lease Activity $ 4,186.2 35.7 4,221.9 

 

Beginning Balance, Capital Asset Account 534.2 37.7 571.9 

Net Revenue from Lease Activity $ 4,186.2 $ 35.7 $ 4,221.9 

 

 - Various Historic Building or Safety Renovation Projects (3,381.7) (3,381.7) 

- Capital Revitalization & Property Improvements (49.1) (49.1) 

Center Capital Asset Account Expenditures $ (3,381.7) $ (49.1) $ (3,430.8) 

 

Capital Asset Account Ending Balance $ 1,338.7 $ 24.3 $ 1,363.0 

 

Additional Reimbursable Demand Services Requested by Leasees 

(including overhead) $ 1,814.1 $ 1,814.1 

Cost to Fulfill Reimbursable Demand Services (including overhead) (1,814.1) (1,814.1) 

Net activity due to Reimbursable Demand Services $ - $ - $ - 

 - 

In Kind $ 425.0 $ - $ 425.0 

Definitions: 

Base Rent - Revenue collected from tenant for rent of land or buildings.

Institutional Support Costs - Cost for institutional shared services such as fire, security, first responder, 

communications, common grounds, road, and infrastructure maintenance, and routine administrative support and 

management oversight (i.e., environmental). 

Total Rental Income - Total gross proceeds from EUL activities for expenses due to renting NASA property.

In-Kind - Consideration accepted in lieu of rent payment. (Only applies to selected leases signed prior to Jan 1, 2009).

Reimbursable Demand Services - Services such as janitorial, communications, and maintenance that solely benefit 

the tenant and provided for their convenience. There is no net income received by NASA, as these payments may only 

cover the costs of NASA and its vendors providing these services.

Overhead - General and administrative costs associated with management of the specified demand services. 

SUP-8
Supporting Data: Budget for Microgravity Science 

. 

BUDGET FOR MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE

The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) 

support research to take advantage of the unique environment of reduced gravity in two broad categories – 

Exploration and Non-Exploration ISS Research. 

$ in millions 

FY2008 

Actuals 

FY2009 

Enacted FY2010* FY2011* FY2012* FY2013* FY2014* 

Exploration ISS 

Research $135 $151 $132 $139 $138 $145 $138 

Non- Exploration ISS 

Research $41 $44 $31 $29 $28 $28 $27 

Total $177 $195 $164 $168 $166 $173 $165

% of Non-Exploration 

to Total 23% 23% 19% 17% 17% 16% 16% 

* Funds for ISS research may be re-planned as a result of the review of human spaceflight. At least 15% will still go to nonExploration research. 

As a result of the FY 2009 appropriations, funding for the ISS Research project under the Exploration 

Systems Mission Directorate was increased by $20M.

Exploration ISS Research 

Exploration ISS Research supports the Agency’s need for improved knowledge about working and living 

in space to enable long-duration human exploration missions in the future. 

The Human Research Program will provide research results that reduce risks to crew health and 

performance that stem from prolonged exposure to reduced gravity, space radiation and isolation during 

exploration missions. Risk mitigation and countermeasure development will be achieved by conducting 

ISS research in human health countermeasures, space human factors and habitability, behavioral health 

and performance, and exploration medicine tools and technologies. 

The Exploration Technology Development Program will investigate the underlying gravity-dependent 

phenomena in the following areas: fire prevention, detection, and suppression, boiling, multiphase flow of 

fluids and capillary driven flow. These applied research investigations will provide needed data that is 

useful in the future design of the following space technology areas: life support systems, propellant 

storage, power generation, thermal control, and advanced environmental monitoring and control. The 

above table also includes the portion of the Multi-User System Support (MUSS) which supports 

Exploration ISS Research. 

Non-Exploration ISS Research 

NASA allocates at least 15 percent of the funds budgeted for ISS research to ground-based, free-flyer, 

and ISS life and physical science research that is not directly related to supporting the human space 

exploration program. The purpose is to ensure the capacity to support ground-based research leading to 

space-based basic and applied scientific research in a variety of disciplines with potential direct national 

benefits and applications that can be advanced significantly from the uniqueness of microgravity and the 

space environment. Also, to carry out, to the maximum extent practicable, basic ISS research in fields 

such as, animal research, basic fluid physics, combustion science, cellular biotechnology, lowtemperature physics, cellular research, materials science and plant research at a level that will sustain the 

existing United States scientific expertise and research capability in microgravity research. The above 

table also includes the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, and that portion of the MUSS which supports NonExploration ISS research.

SUP-9
Supporting Data: Budget for Safety Oversight 

. 

BUDGET FOR SAFETY OVERSIGHT

The following tabular information provides the budget planning estimate for civil service and support 

contractor staffing support needed by NASA to support safety and mission assurance program work 

associated with the mission of NASA. This includes both the safety management for the institutional 

safety program as well as the elements of safety, reliability, maintainability and quality support and 

independent authority for programs and projects managed by NASA’ s Mission Directorates. To the 

extent that we have been able to determine from prime contractors, we have also included resources 

devoted to safety, reliability, maintainability or quality. The budget run out will be updated as the Agency 

completes its refinement of transition costs associated with the retirement of the Space Shuttle and the 

development of Constellation Systems components. 

BUDGET SUMMARY FOR SAFETY OVERSIGHT

$ in Millions 

FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

 

Total Safety Oversight 435.3 495.6 481.6 427.8 445.9 459.1 473.5

 

Aeronautics 0.08 0.12

 

Exploration 58.4 134.8 135.5 158.7 176.8 181.4 181.4

 

Science 45.2 31.4 17.5 13.7 12.0 11.6 10.5

 

Space Operations 110.2 109.9 105.7 26.5 21.9 22.5 21.9

 

Agency-wide Safety Oversight 221.5 219.3 222.9 229.0 235.2 243.6 259.7

SUP-10
Supporting Data: Budget for Public Relations 

. 

BUDGET FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS BY CENTER

The NASA budget for Public Affairs is not funded by programs. Instead, it is budgeted in two separate 

accounts under 1) Center Management and Operations (CMO) and 2) Agency Management and 

Operations. All the Installations listed below except for Headquarters are in the CMO account and the 

Headquarters budget is in the Agency Management and Operations account. 

These budgets include dissemination of information to the news media and the general public 

concerning NASA programs. Content includes support for public affairs/public relations, Center 

newsletters, internal communications, guest operations (including bus transportation), public inquiries, 

NASA TV, nasa.gov portal and other multimedia support. 

Funding by installation is shown below. 

Center ($ in millions) 

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 

Ames Research Center 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

Dryden Flight Research Center 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Glenn Research Center 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5

Goddard Space Flight Center 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0

Headquarters 7.9 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.8

Johnson Space Center 6.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

Kennedy Space Center 4.7 5.5 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.3

Langley Research Center 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

Marshall Space Flight Center 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Stennis Space Center 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

Total 32.6 32.2 31.5 32.6 33.3 34.0

Totals may not add due to rounding 

SUP-11
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

SUMMARY OF CONSULTING SERVICES

NASA uses paid experts and consultants to provide advice and expertise to or beyond that which is available 

from its in-house civil service workforce. Management controls are established which assure that before 

entering into a consultant or expert services arrangement with an individual that there is ample justification. 

A majority of the expert and consultant services are used by the NASA Advisory Council and the Aerospace 

Safety Advisory Panel. NASA uses experts and consultants to provide expertise on the selection of 

experiments for future space missions. The use of these experts and consultants provides the Agency with an 

independent view that assures the selection of experiments likely to have the greatest scientific merit. Other 

individuals are used to provide independent looks at technical and functional problems in order to give top 

management the widest possible range of views before making major decisions. 

Expert/Consultants (Total NASA) 

FY 2008 

Actuals 

FY 2009 

Enacted FY 2010 

Number of Paid Experts and Consultants 42 42 42

Annual FTE Usage 5 5 5

Salaries $.4 $.4 $.5

Total Salary and Benefits Costs $.5 $.5 $.5

Travel Costs $.4 $.4 $.4

Total Costs $.8 $.8 $.9

Note: Definition of Consultants and Experts 

A consultant is a person who can provide valuable and pertinent advice generally drawn from a high degree of 

broad administrative, professional, or technical knowledge or experience. When an agency requires public 

advisory participation, a consultant also may be a person who is affected by a particular program and can 

provide useful views from personal experience. 

An expert is a person who is specially qualified by education and experience to perform difficult and 

challenging tasks in a particular field beyond the usual range of achievement of competent persons in that 

field. An expert is regarded by other persons in the field as an authority or practitioner of unusual competence 

and skill in a professional, scientific, technical or other activity. 

These definitions are located under 5 CFR 304.102. The appointments are made under 5 U.S.C. 3109, and 

the use of this authority is reported to OPM annually. 

SUP-12
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

E-GOV INITIATIVES AND BENEFITS

NASA is providing funding contributions in FY 2010 for each of the following E-Government Initiatives:

Initiative 

2010 Contributions 

(Includes In-Kind) 2010 Service Fees 

E-Rulemaking 

026-00-01-99-04-0060-24 $28,625 

Business Gateway 

 026-00-01-99-04-0100-24 $46,894 

Grants.gov 

026-00-01-99-04-0160-24 $517,763 

E-Training 

026-00-01-99-04-1217-24 $700,000 

Recruitment One-Stop $120,655 

EHRI 

026-00-01-99-04-1219-24 $434,234 

E-Payroll 

026-00-01-99-04-1221-24 $3,704,840 

E-Travel 

026-00-01-99-04-0220-24 $1,862,465 

Integrated Acquisition Environment 

026-00-01-99-04-0230-24 $1,273,884 

IAE-Loans and Grants 

026-00-01-99-04-4300-24 $89,973 

E-Authentication 

026-00-01-99-04-0250-24 $7,450 

Financial Management LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-1100-24 $75,000 

Human Resources Management LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-1200-24 $65,217 

Grants Management LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-1300-24 $59,316 

Geospatial LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-3100-24 $15,000 

Budget Formulation and Execution LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-3200-24 $85,000 

IT Infrastructure LoB 

026-00-01-99-04-3300-24 

NASA Total $954,163 $8,132,153 

* Service Fees are estimates as provided by the E-Government initiative Managing Partners 

NASA’s FY 2009 Exhibit 300 IT business cases will be posted at: 

www.nasa.gov/offices/ocio/reports/exhibit300.html within two weeks of the release of the President’s 

Budget. NASA’s Congressional Justification, which will be posted online, will include a link to the Exhibit 

300s.

SUP-13
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

The E-Government initiatives serve citizens, businesses, and federal employees by delivering high 

quality services more efficiently at a lower price. Instead of expensive “stove-piped” operations, 

agencies work together to develop common solutions that achieve mission requirements at reduced 

cost, thereby making resources available for higher priority needs. Benefits realized through the use of 

these initiatives for NASA in FY 2010 are as follows: 

E-Rulemaking (Managing Partner EPA) FY 2010 Benefits 

NASA’s benefits for the E-Rulemaking initiative are largely focused on public benefits. Providing onestop access to NASA and other federal agency information on rulemakings and non-rulemaking 

activities, there are more 1.5 million documents posted on Regulations.gov. The rate at which the public 

uses Regulations.gov to submit comments (known as public submissions) is increasing rapidly. The 

public initially submitted about 1,000 comments per month during the first 18 months of the public site. 

Now, the public submits nearly 40,000 comments per month. The public has also visited 

Regulations.gov more than 200 million times, averaging 5 million hits per month in 2006, 6.2 million in 

2007, and 12.5 million in 2008. 

NASA benefits in several ways through its participation and reliance on FDMS and Regulations.gov. 

NASA reaps substantial benefits by improving the transparency of its rulemaking actions as well as 

increasing public participation in the regulatory process. Direct budget cost savings and cost avoidance 

result from NASA’s transition to FDMS and Regulations.gov, enabling the agency to discontinue efforts 

to develop, deploy and operate specific individual online docket and public comment systems. Over a 

five-year period, NASA is estimated to save over 700 thousand dollars over alternative options that 

would provide similar services. 

Business Gateway (Managing Partner SBA) FY 2010 Benefits 

For FY2010, Business Gateway will continue to provide a valuable channel for NASA to identify 

businesses with the interest and expertise to engage in technological development and partnerships. 

NASA provides a host of programs focused on business from research contracts to Mentor/Protégé 

programs. Business Gateway provides a powerful outreach channel to match businesses with the 

various initiatives that are part of NASA’s outreach to the business community. By creating a single 

portal for business information, such as regulatory compliance information Business Gateway directly 

benefits NASA’s stakeholders, including aerospace industry and research labs – many of whom are 

subject to complex regulatory requirements across multiple agencies. 

NASA’s stakeholders can potentially receive significant benefits from Business Gateway. These benefits are 

outlined below. Through increased outreach, more constituents will be able to realize these benefits. The 

following additional benefit information for NASA (as of Oct. 27, 2008) was provided by the Business 

Gateway initiative, based on calculations from publicly available data and data from the existing 

Business.gov site. Benefits to NASA include [NOTE that NASA has not independently verified this data]: 

• Maintenance savings: Business. gov’s search technology will provide NASA with valuable user 

statistics and feedback, enabling it to simplify content management on its business compliance 

site. 

• Cost and time savings: Businesses looking for NASA compliance regulations can save time 

and money by going to Business.gov. In FY 2008, 74% of Business.gov survey respondents 

(ACSI) reported saving time at an average of nearly 10 hours per user, totaling 3,960,269 

hours; 55% of survey respondents also reported saving money at an average of $753 per user. 

• Increased forms management: By making 8 forms available on Forms.gov, NASA saves 

agency time in forms management, and is expected to produce significant savings in paper and 

postage. NASA forms were accessed via Forms.gov 4,643 times in FY 2008. 

SUP-14
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

• Increased exposure: Business.gov houses numerous compliance links providing cross-agency 

effectiveness to American businesses. In FY 2008, Business.gov directed 87 visits to NASA 

sites. 

• Increased transparency: Business Gateway enables NASA to meet its public service 

commitment to transparency in government by providing its customers with ready, equal access 

to information about its compliance requirements. 

• Regulatory compliance: The business.gov website enables NASA to comply with the reporting 

requirement for the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act (SBPRA) and is also consistent with 

the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), which called on 

Federal regulatory agencies to publish small business guides that assist small firms in 

complying with, and answer small businesses’ inquiries about Federal regulations. 

• Reduced burden on field offices: By directing compliance-related inquiries to Business.gov, 

agencies with field offices will save training and staff-time dollars. 

• Data harmonization: Business Gateway is in a unique position to support data harmonization 

efforts indirectly through its content partnerships with various government agencies. NASA has 

the opportunity to identify and realize data harmonization benefits in many areas, such as the 

protection of cutting-edge technologies. 

Grants.gov (Managing Partner HHS) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Grants.gov Initiative benefits NASA and its grant programs by providing a single location to publish 

grant (funding) opportunities and application packages, awarding more than $450 billion by the 26 

grant-making agencies and other federal grant-making organizations. Grants.gov achieved tremendous 

growth during FY 2008 with 202,366 submissions, exceeding the FY 2007 total of 180,861 submissions 

by 12 percent increase. By providing a single site for the grants community to apply for grants using 

common forms, processes and systems, it makes the process easier for applicants to apply to multiple 

agencies. 

The Grants.gov Initiative benefits NASA and its grant programs by providing broader exposure to a 

wider community who could potentially apply for NASA funding. In addition, Grants.gov provides a 

single site for the grantee community to apply for grants using a standard set of forms, processes and 

systems giving greater access and ability to apply for Federal funding. Through the use of Grants.gov 

NASA is able to reduce operating costs associated with online posting and application of grants. 

Additionally, the Agency is able to improve operational effectiveness through use of Grants.Gov by 

increasing data accuracy and reducing processing cycle times. In FY 2008, NASA posted 96 funding 

opportunities and 87 application packages, and received 302 proposals. 

E-Training (Managing Partner OPM) FY 2010 Benefits 

The E-Training initiative benefits NASA and other Federal workforce by reducing redundancies and 

achieving economies of scale in the purchase and/or development of e-learning content and in 

purchase of learning technology infrastructure. In 2006, NASA streamlined its three separate online 

training systems into one centralized, learning management system, SATERN, a “one-stop” approach 

offering Web-based access to training and career development resources. This centralized approach 

will allow NASA to reduce costs through the consolidation of multiple learning systems. 

SUP-15
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

Through SATERN, employees can view required training, launch online content, view training history, 

and self-register for courses. In addition, the system allows NASA to identify offices that have not met 

training requirements, and bring them in line with federal mandates. SATERN also offers employees 

access to career planning tools, individual development plans, and competency management. Currently 

SATERN has more than 2,000 online courses and 10,000 online books in its catalog, and recently 

added new SkillSoft courses covering a wide variety of topics and subject areas such as business, 

information technology, and engineering. SkillSoft and Books 24x7 are available through SATERN at 

anytime, so they can be accessed at the employee’s convenience at work or at home. 

Recruitment One-Stop (Managing Partner OPM) FY 2010 Benefits 

Recruitment One-Stop provides state-of-the-art online recruitment services to federal job seekers that 

include online job posting, intuitive job searching, resume warehousing, online application submission, 

and automated eligibility and status feedback. USAJOBS provides federal agencies with a unified 

system to attract and hire highly qualified and talented individuals. Integration with Recruitment OneStop allows NASA to better attract individuals who can accomplish the Agency’s mission. The 

USAJOBS interface allows job seekers to view and apply for all NASA employment opportunities, as 

well as those from other federal agencies. On average, USAJOBS.gov has over 250,000 visitors per 

day (the online portal serviced over 50 million applications during FY 2008) and over 100,000 resumes 

are created monthly. 

NASA adopted the USAJOBS resume as the basic application document for all NASA positions, except 

for Astronaut positions, with Phase II implementation completed 2005. To date NASA has not identified 

any specific savings, either in terms of budgeted savings or cost avoidance. Although the Agency 

believes that implementation of ROS has resulted in significant intangible benefits in terms of providing 

better vacancy information to applicants, it has not resulted in any specific cost savings to NASA. 

However, the numerous intangible benefits ROS provides to NASA and other agencies includes: 

• Decreasing hiring time for managers; 

• Providing an integrated solution to agency applicant assessment systems; 

• Providing a cost effective marketing and recruitment tool; 

• Realizing cost savings over commercial job posting boards; 

• Reducing the delay associated with filling critical agency vacancies; and 

• Enhancing competition with the private sector for the best and brightest talent for Federal 

service. 

Enterprise HR Integration (Managing Partner OPM) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Enterprise Human Resources Integration (EHRI) initiative transforms Human Resource (HR) 

processes from paper-based processes to electronic-based processes. EHRI also provides workforce 

planning, forecasting, and analytical tools. The initiative streamlines employee transfers and enhances 

retirement processing throughout the Executive Branch. The initiative has also developed a 

consolidated EHRI data warehouse containing HR data on all Executive Branch civilian employees and 

a robust set of tools. EHRI also includes the Electronic Employee Record, or eOPF, to provide a 

consolidated image and data view that digitally documents the employment actions and history of 

individuals employed by the Federal government. The initiative is achieving cost savings that are 

recognized on a per folder basis. The total cost avoidance per folder is estimated at $44.23. In FY 2008, 

EHRI increased the number of folders converted from paper to electronic to more than 999,000. 

SUP-16
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

Specific EHRI/eOPF benefits to NASA include improved convenience in searching, better security and 

safety to electronic files, more economical, streamlined business processes, and the ability to have a 

central repository of OPF records for the Agency. Specific NASA employee benefits include secure 

online access to OPFs, automatic notification when documents are added, exchange of retirement and 

HR data across agencies and systems, and the elimination of duplicate and repetitive personnel data in 

personnel folders. NASA completed its implementation to eOPF in March 2008, and transitioned 

personnel actions processing to the NASA Shared Service Center (NSSC). 

E-Payroll (Managing Partner OPM) FY 2010 Benefits 

The E-Payroll Initiative standardizes and consolidates government-wide federal civilian payroll services 

and processes by simplifying and standardizing human resources (HR)/payroll policies and procedures 

and better integrating payroll, HR, and finance functions. Prior to beginning the initiative, 26 federal 

agencies provided payroll services. Four providers were selected to furnish payroll services for the 

Executive branch. In 2004, the Department of Interior (DOI) began serving as NASA's payroll provider, 

using their system, the federal Personnel and Payroll System (FPPS), to process NASA's HR and 

Payroll transactions. The E-Payroll initiative benefits NASA by permitting the Agency to focus on its 

mission related activities, rather than on administrative payroll functions. Payroll processing costs are 

reduced through economies of scale and avoiding the cost of duplicative capital system modernization 

activities. The initiative also promotes standardization of business processes and practices and unified 

service delivery. 

E-Travel (Managing Partner GSA) FY 2010 Benefits 

NASA is currently scheduled to complete migration of its travel services to Electronic Data Systems 

Corporation (EDS), one of the three designated E-Travel service providers, by March 2009. Upon 

completion of this migration, NASA will be able to provide more efficient and effective travel 

management services. The benefits include cost savings associated with cross-government purchasing 

agreements and improved functionality through streamlined travel policies and processes, strict security 

and privacy controls, and enhanced Agency oversight and audit capabilities. NASA employees also will 

also benefit through more efficient travel planning, authorization, and reimbursement processes. The 

Agency remains committed to implementing eTravel and has made a significant investment to support 

the project. NASA believes that FedTraveler.com will provide significant benefits to the Agency when 

the system is stable 

Integrated Acquisition Environment (Managing Partner GSA) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Integrated Acquisition Environment (IAE) initiative is designed to streamline the process of reporting 

on subcontracting plans and to provide agencies with access to analytical data on subcontracting 

performance. Use of the IAE common functions and services allows agencies to focus on agencyspecific needs such as strategy, operations, and management while leveraging shared services for 

common functions. Furthermore, use of a government-wide business focused service environment 

reduces funding and resources for technical services and support for acquisition systems originally 

housed by individual agencies. Over 7.8 million hours were saved by the contributing agencies in 

completing over 18 million recorded acquisition business process transactions. Contributing agencies 

received estimated benefits of $396,480,257 based upon the processes, personnel, roles, steps, and 

actions involved. Additionally, agencies realized an estimated cost avoidance of $5,649,656 and 

estimated operational cost savings of $30,820,828. 

SUP-17
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

Through adoption of the tools and services provided by IAE, NASA improves its ability to make informed 

and efficient purchasing decisions and allows it to replace manual processes. If NASA were not allowed 

to use the IAE systems, they would need to build and maintain separate systems to record vendor and 

contract information, and to post procurement opportunities. Agency purchasing officials would not 

have access to databases of important information from other agencies on vendor performance and 

could not use systems to replace paper-based and labor-intensive work efforts. 

Integrated Acquisition Environment – Loans & Grants FY 2010 Benefits 

The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (FFATA) requires OMB to “ensure 

the existence and operation of a single searchable website, accessible by the public at no cost to 

access” that includes information on each Federal award. The law specifically requires a unique 

identifier for the entity receiving the award and of the parent entity of the recipient, should the entity be 

owned by another entity. Since contracts (and some grants) already require Data Universal Numbering 

System (DUNS) numbers, a decision was made to leverage this to cover loans and the remainder of the 

grants. This will allow those areas to feed information into the FFATA portal. The Integrated Acquisition 

Environment (IAE) currently has a contract with Dun and Bradstreet (D&B) that has been expanded for 

this purpose. OMB initiated funding requests for each agency to reimburse IAE for this additional cost. 

The FY2010 funding requirements as it relates to the IAE – Loans and Grants funding line supports the 

FFATA for the relationship with D&B and DUNS support services. In addition to provision of DUNS 

numbers, D&B is now providing business and linkage data seamlessly, and the business arrangement 

supports the quality of data by real-time updates. NASA and other agencies will leverage the linkages to 

corporate organizational rollups based on parental and subsidiary relationships. 

E-Authentication (Managing Partner GSA) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Presidential E-Government Initiative, E-Authentication, provides trusted and secure standardsbased authentication architecture to support Federal E-Government applications and initiatives. This 

approach provides a uniform process for establishing electronic identity and eliminates the need for 

each initiative to develop their own solution for the verification of identity and electronic signatures, 

saving time and money across the Federal Government. E-Authentication’s distributed architecture 

allows citizens and businesses to use non-government issued credentials to conduct transactions with 

the Federal Government. 

The initiative will ultimately benefit NASA by providing E-Authentication expertise, guidance, and 

documentation, including project planning and reporting templates, to enable NASA to achieve 

production implementation of E-Authentication for its NASA Account Management System (NAMS) 

application to include a tie to all of its back-end applications that require authentication. In addition, the 

E-Authentication Federation allows NASA to use identity credentials issued and managed by 

organizations within and outside the federal government, thereby relieving NASA of much of the cost of 

providing its own identity management solutions. 

NOTE: Beginning in Q3 FY 2009, the E-Authentication PMO will no longer enter into contractual 

agreements with agencies to provide credential services and technical support. To help agencies 

through the restructuring during Q1 FY 2009, GSA will provide transition support, advice, and guidance, 

including a procurement template and supporting materials to assist agencies in migrating to their own 

contracts or inter-agency agreements for identity credential services by March 31, 2009. Agencies will 

still be responsible for complying with the E-Authentication policy requirements outlined in OMB 

Memorandum M-04-04 and NIST Special Publication 800-63. 

SUP-18
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

LINE OF BUSINESS

Financial Management LoB (Managing Partners DOE and DOL) FY 2010 Benefits 

Federal agencies began implementing the Financial Management Line of Business (FM LoB) initiative in 

FY 2006 by actively migrating to centers of excellence service providers and initiating solutions to 

integrate financial data among and between agency business systems. When the FM LoB goals are 

fully realized, agencies’ data will be more timely and accurate for decision-making and there will be 

improved government-wide stewardship and accounting. More timely and accurate data will result from 

the standardization and seamless data integration efforts, including the implementation of centralized 

interfaces between core financial systems and other systems. These efforts will focus on promoting 

strong internal controls and ensuring the integrity of accounting data. The easy exchange of data 

between federal agencies will increase federal managers’ stewardship abilities. 

The FM LoB initiative will ultimately benefit NASA by providing the reference tools and templates 

needed to assist the Agency in planning and managing migration to a selected center of excellence. 

The FM LoB has established an Advisory Board to govern the activities and decision-making process for 

the initiative. NASA’s involvement with this board affords them the opportunity to review critical issues 

impacting their FM systems, voice their unique needs and concerns, and collaboratively offer 

recommendations and influence decisions on how best to implement the common solution. In the long 

term, NASA will have the opportunity to play an active role in standardizing core FM business process 

and data elements. NASA’s involvement in this crucial task ensures their needs and requirements are 

addressed in the target FM LoB enterprise architecture supporting the FM LoB common solution. This 

work allows NASA to influence the future direction of financial management across the government from 

both an information technology and business process perspective. 

Human Resources Management LoB (Managing Partner OPM) FY 2010 Benefits

Through the HR LoB, OPM is using enterprise architecture (EA)-based principles and best practices, 

proven through the E-Gov initiatives and Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA), to identify common 

solutions for HR business processes and/or technology-based shared HR services to be made available 

to government agencies. Driven from a business perspective rather than a technology focus, the 

solutions will address distinct business improvements that enhance government’s performance of HR 

services in support of agency missions delivering services to citizens. The end result of the HR LoB 

efforts will be to save taxpayer dollars, reduce administrative burdens, and significantly improve HR 

service delivery. 

NASA has entered into a partnership with NBC for the HR LoB initiative, which will enable NBC to take 

advantage of innovative HR solutions previously developed and currently in use by NASA; these 

solutions could then be deployed to customer agencies, accomplishing a major step toward deploying a 

common HR environment aligned with the HR LoB objective. Deployment of existing, modern, effective 

solutions provides cost advantages to the government, and provides enhanced capabilities to customer 

agencies well ahead of solutions that require new development. 

NASA will ultimately benefit from the HR LoB through its use of best-in-class HR services and systems 

provided by one of the approved service providers. Through its adoption of an approved service 

provider, the agency can achieve the benefits of “best-in-class” HR solutions without the costs of 

developing and maintaining their own HR systems. In addition, employees across the Agency will 

benefit from improved HR services. 

SUP-19
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

. 

Grants Management LoB (Managing Partners HHS and NSF) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Grants Management Line of Business will ultimately offer the development of a government-wide 

solution to support end-to-end grants management activities promoting citizen access, customer 

service, and financial and technical stewardship for the Agency. The end result is intended to be a 

government-wide streamlined grant making process providing transparency and efficiency in the grant 

decision-making process. The benefits of GM LoB include increased service to citizens through 

standardized processes; cost savings for grant-making agencies through use of shared IT infrastructure; 

a reduction in the number of redundant grants management systems; and improved reporting on 

government-wide grant activities and results. The GM LoB adopted a “consortia-based” approach to 

implementation and developed a process for forming consortia and having agencies participate in 

consortia as members. 

In FY07 NASA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with its selected consortia partner, 

NSF. In 2008 NASA implemented NSF’s new research-focused initiative, Research.gov, improving 

public access to detailed information about NASA awards. Research.gov is a collaborative partnership 

of Federal research-oriented agencies working together for the ultimate benefit of the research 

community. The Research Spending and Results Service lets Congress, the general public, and the 

broader research community easily search and find grant award information for NASA and NSF in one 

place. 

For 2009 and beyond, NASA and NSF are committed to working together to serve the research 

community and to provide access to information and services for both agencies in one location. NASA 

news and information is also now available in Research.gov’s Policy Library and Research Headlines. 

Moving forward, NASA will continue to collaborate with NSF to explore and implement future 

Research.gov service offerings based on NASA and research community needs. 

Geospatial LoB (Managing Partner DOL) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Geospatial LoB will better serve the agencies’ missions and the Nation’s interests developing a 

more strategic, coordinated, and leveraged approach to producing, maintaining, and using geospatial 

data and services across the Federal government. Specific goals of the Geospatial LoB include 

establishing a collaborative governance mechanism, coordinating a government-wide planning and 

investment strategy, and optimizing and standardizing geospatial data and services. 

Contributing agencies and bureaus will receive value from the development of the LoB primarily through 

improved business performance and cost savings. Enhanced governance processes, improved 

business planning and investment strategies, and optimization and standardization of geospatial 

business data and services will produce the following results: 

• Collaborative management of geospatial investments will be made more adaptable, proactive 

and inclusive; 

• Enterprise business needs and agency core mission requirements will be identified, planned, 

budgeted, and exploited in a geospatial context; 

• Long-term costs of geo-information delivery and access will be reduced while minimizing 

duplicative development efforts; 

• Effective, yet less costly commercial off the shelf systems and contractual business support 

operations will replace legacy geospatial applications; and 

• Business processes will be optimized and knowledge management capabilities will exist for 

locating geospatial data and obtaining services. 

SUP-20
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

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As a science agency, the work of NASA’s science and mission professionals is inherently different from 

duties and functions performed by operational agencies. These differences lead NASA to organize and 

manage data to best facilitate science activities rather than a central focus of data dissemination. 

Scientific inquiry often leads scientist to use different schemas for analyzing data and information 

produced from remote sensing data (e.g. a common grid or projection). NASA will continue to apply the 

elements of FGDC standards where these are appropriate. In FY08, NASA signed an MOU with DOL to 

continue its active participation in the Geospatial LOB. 

Budget Formulation & Execution LOB (Managing Partner Education) FY 2010 Benefits 

The Budget Formulation and Execution LoB (BFELoB) provides significant benefits to NASA and other 

partner agencies by encouraging best practices crossing all aspects of Federal budgeting -- from budget 

formulation and execution to performance to human capital and staffing needs. 

To benefit all agencies, BFELoB, in conjunction with Department of Treasury as the system owner, 

made available the first shared fee-for-service budget formulation system, the Budget Formulation and 

Execution Manager (BFEM). The BFELoB is providing ongoing support for this fee-for-service budget 

system, in an effort to develop an execution module and enhance connections with OMB’s MAX 

system. The BFEM system is an option for NASA and any NASA component that is in need of a budget 

formulation or performance measurement system. To help agencies assess their budget systems 

requirements, BFELoB LAO created a decision matrix. NASA will benefit from using this matrix as a 

starting point in determining specific system needs. In 2010, BFELoB will further benefit agencies by 

evaluating known budget systems against the decision matrix and making that information available so 

each agency can avoid the cost of performing that step individually. 

In addition, BFELoB created a secure government-only collaboration website, known as the “MAX 

Federal Community.” This provides a significant benefit for collaboration across and within agencies. It 

is used within the budget community, and has been expanded to serve other related communities, such 

as Grants, Financial Management, Performance, and Planning. NASA currently has 100 users that are 

registered and eligible to take advantage of the MAX Federal Community. The Community site is 

commonly used for sharing information, collaboratively drafting documents, supporting workgroups, and 

much more. 

ITI LoB - IT Infrastructure LOB (Managing Partner GSA) FY 2010 Benefits 

The IT Infrastructure LoB offers the potential to identify opportunities for IT infrastructure consolidation 

and optimization, and the development of government-wide common solutions. This LoB will define 

specific common performance measures for service levels and costs, identify best practices, and 

develop guidance for transition plans within agencies and/or across agencies. Consolidation and 

optimization of IT infrastructure represents a significant opportunity to realize future cost savings by 

taking a more coordinated approach to spending on commodity IT infrastructure. IT infrastructure 

consolidation and optimization case studies also demonstrate agencies could improve IT service levels 

and, when relieved of the burden of managing these non-core functions, can concentrate more on 

mission priorities and results. 

Throughout FY 2010, NASA and other agencies will continue gathering information on baseline 

performance for Mainframes & Servers Services and Support, and Telecommunications Systems and 

Support. In addition, information on costs and service levels in End User Systems and Support shall be 

reported using performance metrics developed by ITI LoB. In FY 2010, NASA and other agencies will 

report information on costs and service levels in all three infrastructure areas. As these targets continue 

to be refined, NASA and other agencies will update and make progress towards their 5-year 

optimization plans reports to meet or exceed agency performance targets. 

SUP-21
Supporting Data: E-Gov Initiatives and Benefits 

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Based on the objectives and goals of this LoB, NASA believes that there is great potential for numerous 

benefits from the ITI, both for NASA and for other federal agencies. Some of these benefits are 

relatively easy to quantify, while others are more indirect and require an extended period of time and 

some econometric analysis prior to producing an estimate. A few of the anticipated FY 2010 benefits 

from NASA’s viewpoint are: improved performance, enhanced productivity, greater consistency and 

standardization of infrastructure platforms, aggregate purchasing of infrastructure components, crossagency integration possibilities, and planned approach to new technology infusion. At this stage of the 

ITI formulation process, NASA is unable to provide any quantifiable cost savings that may results from 

these anticipated benefits. 

SUP-22
Management and Performance

This section includes the updated FY 2009 and the FY 2010 performance commitments, the target 

results for the requested resources. The FY 2010 Annual Performance Plan reflects the new account 

structure, and provide measures for additional content within the Cross-Agency Support Account. 

Using independent program assessments, which are listed in the theme and program sections of this 

document and in this section, NASA commits to improvement actions in response to the findings. 

 

NASA strives to find new ways to use performance information to support decisions concerning 

strategy and budget. A continued focus for NASA in FY 2009 is to improve the policy, metrics, and 

analysis processes for life cycle cost and schedule performance monitoring and reporting. The Major 

Program Annual Reports discussed in this section is one of the reporting tools used to determine how 

NASA performs this task.

The Management and Performance section provides a comprehensive record of the past and planned 

performance for NASA's programs and projects. This section includes: the key NASA FY 2010 

Performance Plan; an update to the FY 2009 Performance Plan based on Congressional budget 

action; a summary of the cost and schedule performance of NASA's projects with estimated life cycle 

cost above $250 million; and progress on NASA's performance improvement initiatives. 

 

NASA's planning and performance management processes are an essential part of the Agency's 

governance and strategic management system. The Agency has an integrated system to: plan 

strategy and implementation; monitor, assess, and evaluate performance toward commitments; 

identify issues; gauge programmatic and organizational health; and provide appropriate data and 

information to NASA decision-makers. 

 

Through its strategic management system, NASA: identifies the Agency's long-term Strategic Goals, 

multi-year Outcomes, and other key performance measures; develops and implements plans to 

achieve these Goals; and continuously measures the Agency's progress toward these Goals. NASA 

managers use performance results as a basis for key investment decisions, and NASA performance 

data provides a foundation for both programmatic and institutional decision-making processes. 

 

NASA's planning and performance management processes provide data to Agency management via: 

ongoing monthly and quarterly analysis and reviews; annual assessments in support of budget 

formulation (for budget guidance and issue identification, analysis, and disposition); annual reporting of 

performance, management issues, and financial position; periodic, in-depth program or special 

purpose assessments; and recurring or special assessment reports to internal and external 

organizations. 

 

NASA's performance system is designed to align with the Agency's internally and externally imposed 

performance measurement and reporting requirements, tools, and practices, including the Government 

Performance and Results Act, and Executive Order 13450, Improving Government Program 

Performance.

Management and Performance Overview

MAN-1
Management and Performance

NASA's Mission demands high levels of performance from our diverse workforce, whose knowledge, 

skills, and dedication are the backbone of our achievements. NASA has aligned the Agency's 

performance systems, organizational structure, policies, and processes to ensure programmatic 

content, institutional capabilities, and other resources are focused on successfully completing the 

programs and projects tied to our Strategic Goals. The Agency governance councils have joint 

responsibility for sustaining this alignment through a set of clear, transparent, and repeatable 

processes that flow to all organizational elements and levels within the Agency. Aligning the entirety 

of NASA with our Strategic Goals is essential for organizational effectiveness and efficiency. NASA 

communicates priorities and directions for all components of the Agency through a planning and 

decision process based on prior year performance and future year objectives. This annual guidance 

is the benchmark for other processes, including feedback on internal control needs, risk concerns, 

and safety and mission assurance issues that ripple through our programmatic and institutional 

framework, ultimately influencing the allocation of resources for each budget year. 

 

In 2009, we continued strengthening processes, procedures, and structures to integrate Agency-wide 

risk management activities horizontally and vertically, across and within programs, projects, and 

mission support organizations, and elevating major, systemic, and cross-cutting risks for Agency 

solution. The risk assessment results are used to inform Agency-level decisions on strategy, policy, 

program and mission support formulation and implementation approaches, and budget allocations. 

 

The Agency has continued to improve upon its monthly forum, the Baseline Performance Review, to 

bring performance information forward for discussion and tracking by NASA's senior leaders. NASA 

created this forum in 2007 as an integrated review of institutional and program activities to help 

senior leaders understand inter-related issues that impact performance and program risk. Technical 

and non-technical cross-cutting issues are highlighted and actions are assigned for resolution. Other 

review topics include an Agency-level review of finance, safety, workforce, and institutional status, 

and Center and program performance status. The Baseline Performance Review forum fosters 

communication across organizational boundaries to address mutual concerns and interests. 

 

In FY 2010, NASA will continue to examine its policies and processes to enhance its performance 

management system and its use in planning and decision making.

Performance Improvement

MAN-2
Management and Performance

The 2009 Major Program Annual Report (MPAR) is provided to meet the requirements of section 103 

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-155; 42 

U.S.C. 16613; the Act). The 2009 MPAR consists of this summary along with the 2010 Budget 

Estimates project pages for the eleven projects included in this year's report. 

 

Updated estimates are provided for six projects baselined in previous MPAR reports: the Solar 

Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System 

(NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the 

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), the Aquarius mission, and the Mars 

Science Laboratory 2009. An update is also provided to the Glory mission rebaseline report 

submitted since the 2008 MPAR was prepared. 

 

Two projects, the Fermi Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) and Kepler mission, 

entered operations and are no longer included in these reports. The Herschel space Observatory 

and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) projects are no longer included in MPAR reporting 

because they are ready for launch (the LRO launch has been delayed due to the delayed launch of 

the mission preceding it at the launch pad; the Herschel mission is an European Space Agency (ESA) 

launch). 

 

Four major projects received authority to proceed into development since the 2008 MPAR was 

prepared: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory 

(GRAIL), Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), and Juno missions. These four projects are 

baselined in this report. 

 

The Current Year (2009) Development Cost and Schedule Estimates are based on expected cost and 

schedule at the time of completion. Consistent with previous MPAR reports, the Base Year 

Development Cost estimates in the MPAR summary table below are adjusted to reflect cost 

accounting used in the FY 2010 Budget Estimates in order to allow a direct comparison between the 

MPAR Base Year and Current Year Development Cost estimates. Both Base Year and Current Year 

costs reflect direct programmatic costs (including labor, procurement, and travel) for all years except 

FY 2005 and FY 2006, which also reflect small residual indirect costs. 

 

Five projects included in this year's report (SDO, Aquarius, NPP, MSL, and SOFIA) have had 

schedule growth in excess of six months from their MPAR baseline. The SOFIA delay resulted from 

re-design of the project schedule to facilitate earlier delivery of science while the project proceeds 

towards full operational capability. Delayed performance by NASA partners and a crowded launch 

manifest contribute to three of these five delays. Three of these five projects (NPP, MSL, and SOFIA) 

have reported cost growth of 15 percent or more from their MPAR baseline. 

 

The Glory baseline has been re-established, as required by the Act when the Development Cost 

Estimate for a project exceeds 30% of its original baseline. The Current Year Development Cost and 

Schedule Estimates for the Glory mission reported here reflects problems with the spacecraft 

computer boards which occurred after the project was re-baselined.

Major Program Annual Report Summary

MAN-3
Management and Performance

*Launch Readiness Date (LRD)

Development 

Cost Est. ($M)

Key Milestone 

Date Factors Contributing to Change

Project

Base 

Year Base 2009

Cost 

Change 

(%)

Key 

Milestone Base 2009

Schedule 

Change 

(mths)

Cost 

Change 

> 15% 

Schedule 

Change 

> 6 mo Internal External

SDO 2006 $624 $6782 9% LRD* Aug-08 Oct-09 14

x

Initial delay (Aug to 

Dec) led to loss of 

launch vehicle 

commit – late 

deliveries of 

avionics boxes and 

instruments, other 

technical issues

Extended delay 

due to lack of 

launch vehicle 

availability from 

ULA

WISE 2007 $192 $198 3% LRD Nov-09 Nov-09 -

Aquarius 2007 $193 $209 8% LRD Jul-09 May-10 10

x

10-month slip in 

spacecraft 

development 

reported by 

international 

partner CONAE 

(Argentina)

Glory 2009 $259 $296 14% LRD Jun-09 Nov-09 5 APS instrument 

contract cost 

growth and 

schedule delay; 

Spacecraft Single 

Board Computer 

failures

NPP 2006 $593 $725 22% LRD Apr-08 Jan-11 33

x x

Delay and cost 

increase reflect 

schedule extension 

made by the 

NPOESS IPO as 

result of VIIRS 

instrument 

problems

MSL 2007 $969 $1,631 68% LRD Sep-09 Nov-11 26

x x

Cost and schedule 

growth due to 

underestimated 

complexities; EDL 

system, acquisition 

and processing 

equipment, 

avionics 

SOFIA 2007 $920 $1,077 17% FOC Dec-13 Dec-14 12

x x

Decision to 

rebaseline Full 

Operating 

Capability (FOC) to 

later date in order 

to obtain earlier 

Initial Operating 

Capability (IOC) 

and resulting 

science

JWST 2008 $2,581 $2,581 0.0% LRD Jun-14 Jun-14 -

Juno 2008 $742 $742 0.0% LRD Aug-11 Aug-11 -

GRAIL 2008 $427 $427 0.0% LRD Sep-11 Sep-11 -

RBSP 2009 $534 $534 0.0% LRD May-12 May-12 -

MAN-4
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update Narrative 

The enclosed FY 2009 Performance Plan has been updated to reflect reprioritization of Agency 

Programs and projects as a result of the FY 2008 and FY 2009 Appropriations. The only program 

area that has changed performance commitments as a result of Congressional redirection is the 

Innovative Partnerships Program. The APGs eliminated from this program may be found at the end 

of this plan. This Performance Plan may be updated as a result of Recovery Act funds. 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Strategic Goal 1

Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until its 

retirement, not later than 2010.

Outcome 1.1

Assure the safety and integrity of the Space 

Shuttle workforce, systems and processes, 

while flying the manifest. Green Green Yellow Green

 APG 9SSP1

Achieve zero Type-A (damage to property at least 

$1 million or death) or Type-B (damage to 

property at least $250 thousand or permanent 

disability or hospitalization of three or more 

persons) mishaps in FY 2009.

Space 

Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

APG 9SSP2

Complete 100% of all mission objectives for all 

Space Shuttle missions in FY 2009 as specified in 

the Flight Requirements Document for each 

mission.

Space 

Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

Outcome 1.2

By December 31, 2010, retire the Space 

Shuttle. None None None Green

APG 9SSP3

A 13 percent reduction in Space Shuttle annual 

value of Shuttle production contracts for Orbiter, 

External Tank, Solid Rocket Boosters, Reusable 

Solid Rocket Motor, Space Shuttle Main Engine 

and Launch & Landing, while maintaining safe 

flight.

Space 

Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

APG 9SSP4

Reduce to twenty the number of dedicated Space 

Shuttle Kennedy Space Center (blocks of) 

facilities, while maintaining safe flight.

Space 

Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

Strategic Goal 2

Complete the International Space Station in a 

manner consistent with NASA's International 

Partner commitments and the needs of human 

exploration.

Outcome 2.1

By 2010, complete assembly of the U.S. Onorbit Segment; launch International Partner 

elements and sparing items required to be 

launched by the Shuttle; and provide on-orbit 

resources for research to support U.S. human 

space exploration. None Green Green Green

APG 9ISS1

Based on the actual Space Shuttle flight rate, 

number of remaining Shuttle flights, and the 

discussions with the International Partners, 

update the agreed-to ISS assembly sequence 

and transportation plan as necessary.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 9ISS2

Accomplish a minimum of 90% of the on-orbit 

research objectives as established one month 

prior to a given increment.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

MAN-5
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9ISS3

Per the final configuration agreed to by the 

International Partners, fly the ISS elements and 

logistics baselined for FY 2009.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 9ISS4

Provide increased ISS capability by assembling 

the remaining two Japanese Exploration Agency 

(JAXA) elements, the Exposed Facility (EF) and 

the Experiment Logistics Module-Exposed 

Section (ELM-ES), and the NASA EXPRESS 

Logistics Carriers (ELC) as baselined in FY 2009.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

Outcome 2.2

By 2009, provide the on-orbit capability to 

support an ISS crew of six crewmembers. None None None Green

APG 9ISS5

Install and make flight ready the following 

delivered ISS systems for 6 member crew 

capability in FY 2009: three crew quarters, Galley, 

Water Recovery System (WRS racks 1 and 2), 

second Treadmill with Vibration Isolation (TVIS2), 

and Waste Collection/Hygiene Compartment.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 9ISS6

In concert with the International Partners, assure 

a continuous crew presence on the ISS.

International 

Space 

Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

Outcome 2.3

Conduct basic and applied biological and 

physical research to advance and sustain U.S. 

scientific expertise. None None None New

APG 9AC1

Deliver 3 out of 4 of the following exploration 

technology payloads to SOMD for launch to the 

ISS: Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus, 

Light Microscopy Module / Constrained Vapor 

Bubble, Boiling Experiment Facility (BXF), Space 

Acceleration Measurement System 

accelerometers for CIR, FIR and BXF.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 9AC2

Complete the development of 3 out of 4 of the 

following non-exploration payloads: Investigating 

the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from 

Colloidal Emulsions, Shear History Extensional 

Rheology Experiment, Advanced Plant 

Experiments on Orbit, Smoke Point in Coflow 

Experiment, Binary Critical Aggregation Test - 4.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 9AC3

Complete the selection of investigators for the 

BION (Russian collaboration) flight.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Strategic Goal 3

Develop a balanced overall program of 

science, exploration, and aeronautics 

consistent with the redirection of the human 

spaceflight program to focus on exploration.

Sub Goal 3A.1

Study Earth from space to advance scientific 

understanding and meet societal needs.

Outcome 3.1

Progress in understanding and improving predictive 

capability for changes in the ozone layer, climate 

forcing, and air quality associated with changes in 

atmospheric composition. Green Green Green Green

APG 9ES1

Demonstrate progress in understanding and 

improving predictive capability for changes in the 

ozone layer, climate forcing, and air quality 

associated with changes in atmospheric 

composition (based on measurements from 

presently orbiting NASA and non-NASA assets). 

Progress will be evaluated by external expert 

review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-6
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9ES2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Orbiting Carbon 

Observatory (OCO) Launch Readiness Review 

(LRR).

Earth 

Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 9ES3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Glory mission 

Launch Readiness Review (LRR).

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the integration and 

testing of the Aquarius instrument for delivery to 

the CONAE (Argentina) satellite observatory.

Earth 

Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 9ES5

Develop mission in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the CLARREO 

advanced concepts study.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES6

Conduct flight program in support of this Outcome 

as demonstrated by achieving mission success 

criteria for Aqua and CALIPSO.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3.2

Progress in enabling improved predictive capability 

for weather and extreme weather events. Green Green Green Green

APG 9ES7

Demonstrate progress in enabling improved

predictive capability for weather and extreme 

weather events. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9ES8

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Global 

Precipitation Mission (GPM) Confirmation Review.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES9

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aqua.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.3

Progress in quantifying global land cover change 

and terrestrial and marine productivity, and in 

improving carbon cycle and ecosystem models. Green Green Green Green

APG 9ES10

Demonstrate progress in quantifying global land 

cover change and terrestrial and marine 

productivity, and in improving carbon cycle and 

ecosystem models. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9ES11

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Landsat Data Continuity 

Mission (LDCM) Critical Design Review (CDR).

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES12

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the DESDynI 

advanced concept study.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Orbiting Carbon 

Observatory (OCO) Launch Readiness Review (LRR).

Earth 

Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 9ES9

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aqua.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.4

Progress in quantifying the key reservoirs and 

fluxes in the global water cycle and in 

improving models of water cycle change and 

fresh water availability. Green Green Yellow Green

APG 9 ES13

Demonstrate progress in quantifying the key 

reservoirs and fluxes in the global water cycle and 

in improving models of water cycle change and 

fresh water availability. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-7
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9ES14

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the SMAP advanced 

concepts study.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES8

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Global 

Precipitation Mission (GPM) Confirmation Review.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES9

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aqua.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.5

Progress in understanding the role of oceans, 

atmosphere, and ice in the climate system and in 

improving predictive capability for its future evolution. Green Green Yellow Yellow

APG 9ES15

Demonstrate progress in understanding the role 

of oceans, atmosphere, and ice in the climate 

system and in improving predictive capability for 

its future evolution. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9ES16

Develop mission in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the ICESat II 

advanced concepts study.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Orbiting Carbon 

Observatory (OCO) Launch Readiness Review (LRR).

Earth 

Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 9ES3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Glory mission 

Launch Readiness Review (LRR).

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the integration and 

testing of the Aquarius instrument for delivery to 

the CONAE (Argentina) satellite observatory.

Earth 

Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 9ES6

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aqua and CALIPSO.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3A.6

Progress in characterizing and understanding 

Earth surface changes and variability of 

Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields. None Green Green Green

APG 9ES11

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Landsat Data Continuity 

Mission (LDCM) Critical Design Review (CDR).

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES12

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the DESDynI 

advanced concept study.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 9ES17

Demonstrate progress in characterizing and 

understanding Earth surface changes and 

variability of Earth's gravitational and 

magnetic fields. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review.

Earth 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9ES9

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aqua.

Earth 

Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.7

Progress in expanding and accelerating the 

realization of societal benefits from Earth 

system science. Green Green Green Green

APG 9ES18

Issue twelve reports with partnering organizations 

that validate using NASA research capabilities 

(e.g., observations and/or forecast products) 

could improve their operational decision support 

systems.

Earth 

Science

Applied 

Sciences

MAN-8
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9ES19

Increase the number of distinct users of NASA 

data and services.

Earth 

Science

Earth Science 

Research

APG 9ES20

Maintain a high level of customer satisfaction, as 

measured by exceeding the most recently 

available federal government average rating of 

the Customer Satisfaction Index.

Earth 

Science

Earth Science 

Research

Sub Goal 3B

Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth 

and the solar system.

Outcome 3B.1

Progress in understanding the fundamental 

physical processes of the space environment 

from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and 

beyond to the interstellar medium. Green Green Green Green

APG 9HE1

Demonstrate progress in understanding the 

fundamental physical processes of the space 

environment from the Sun to Earth, to other 

planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium. 

Progress will be evaluated by external expert 

review. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9HE2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Magnetospheric 

Multiscale (MMS) Spacecraft Preliminary Design 

Review (PDR). Heliophysics

Solar Terrestrial 

Probes

APG 9HE3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Confirmation 

Review. Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

APG 9HE4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Explorer downselect. Heliophysics

Heliophysics 

Explorer 

Program

APG 9HE5

Conduct flight program in support of this outcome, 

as demonstrated by achieving mission success 

criteria for STEREO, AIM, THEMIS and IBEX. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3B.2

Progress in understanding how human 

society, technological systems, and the 

habitability of planets are affected by solar 

variability and planetary magnetic fields. Green Green Green Green

APG 9HE2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Magnetospheric 

Multiscale (MMS) Spacecraft Preliminary Design 

Review (PDR). Heliophysics

Solar Terrestrial 

Probes

APG 9HE3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Confirmation 

Review. Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

APG 9HE4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Explorer downselect. Heliophysics

Heliophysics 

Explorer 

Program

APG 9HE6

Demonstrate progress in understanding how 

human society, technological systems, and the 

habitability of planets are affected by solar 

variability and planetary magnetic fields. 

Progress will be evaluated by external expert 

review. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9HE7

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for AIM and THEMIS. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-9
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Outcome 3B.3

Progress in developing the capability to 

predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in 

space in order to maximize the safety and 

productivity of human and robotic explorers. None None Green Green

APG 9HE3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Confirmation 

Review. Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

APG 9HE8

Demonstrate progress in developing the 

capability to predict the extreme and dynamic 

conditions in space in order to maximize the 

safety and productivity of human and robotic 

explorers. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9HE9

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for STEREO. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Sub Goal 3C

Advance scientific knowledge of the origin 

and history of the solar system, the potential 

for life elsewhere, and the hazards and 

resources present as humans explore space.

Outcome 3C.1

Progress in learning how the Sun's family of 

planets and minor bodies originated and 

evolved. Green Green Green Green

APG 9PS1

Demonstrate progress in learning how the Sun's 

family of planets and minor bodies originated and 

evolved. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9PS2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Critical 

Design Review (CDR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 9PS3

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the GRAIL mission 

Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Planetary 

Science Discovery

APG 9PS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory (MSL) Launch Readiness Review 

(LRR).

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

Outcome 3C.2

Progress in understanding the processes that 

determine the history and future of habitability 

in the solar system, including the origin and 

evolution of Earth's biosphere and the 

character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on 

Mars and other worlds. Green Green Green Green

APG 9PS2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Critical 

Design Review (CDR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 9PS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory (MSL) Launch Readiness Review 

(LRR).

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS5

Demonstrate progress in understanding the 

processes that determine the history and future of 

habitability in the solar system, including the 

origin and evolution of Earth's biosphere and the 

character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on 

Mars and other worlds. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-10
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9PS6

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting the next Scout 

mission.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS7

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Phoenix.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

Outcome 3C.3

Progress in identifying and investigating past or 

present habitable environments on Mars and other 

worlds, and determining if there is or ever has been 

life elsewhere in the solar system. Green Green Green Green

APG 9PS2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Critical 

Design Review (CDR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 9PS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory (MSL) Launch Readiness Review 

(LRR).

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS6

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting the next Scout 

mission.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS7

Conduct flight program in support of this

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Phoenix.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS8

Demonstrate progress in identifying and 

investigating past or present habitable 

environments on Mars and other worlds, and 

determining if there is or ever has been life 

elsewhere in the solar system. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3C.4

Progress in exploring the space environment 

to discover potential hazards to humans and 

to search for resources that would enable 

human presence. Green Green Green Green

APG 9PS10

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting instruments for the first 

Lunar Science Research mission.

Planetary 

Science

Planetary 

Science 

Research

APG 9PS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory (MSL) Launch Readiness Review 

(LRR).

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS7

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Phoenix.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 9PS9

Demonstrate progress in exploring the space 

environment to discover potential hazards to 

humans and to search for resources that would 

enable human presence. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

Sub Goal 3D

Discover the origin, structure, evolution, and 

destiny of the universe, and search for Earthlike planets.

Outcome 3D.1

Progress in understanding the origin and 

destiny of the universe, phenomena near 

black holes, and the nature of gravity. Green Green Green Green

APG 9AS1

Demonstrate progress in understanding the origin 

and destiny of the universe, phenomena near 

black holes, and the nature of gravity. Progress 

will be evaluated by external expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-11
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9AS2

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by releasing the Joint Dark Energy Mission 

(JDEM) Announcement of Opportunity (AO). Astrophysics

Physics of the 

Cosmos

Outcome 3D.2

Progress in understanding how the first stars 

and galaxies formed, and how they changed 

over time into the objects recognized in the 

present universe. Blue Green Yellow Green

APG 9AS3

Demonstrate progress in understanding how the 

first stars and galaxies formed, and how they 

changed over time into the objects we recognize 

in the present universe. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9AS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the James Webb Space 

Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument 

Module (ISIM) Critical Design Review (CDR). Astrophysics Cosmic Origins

APG 9AS5

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by beginning Stratospheric 

Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) 

open-door testing. Astrophysics Cosmic Origins

Outcome 3D.3

Progress in understanding how individual stars 

form and how those processes ultimately affect the 

formation of planetary systems. Green Green Yellow Green

APG 9AS4

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the James Webb Space 

Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument 

Module (ISIM) Critical Design Review (CDR). Astrophysics Cosmic Origins

APG 9AS5

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by beginning Stratospheric 

Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) 

open-door testing. Astrophysics Cosmic Origins

APG 9AS6

Demonstrate progress in understanding how 

individual stars form and how those processes 

ultimately affect the formation of planetary 

systems. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3D.4

Progress in creating a census of extra-solar 

planets and measuring their properties. Green Green Yellow Yellow

APG 9AS7

Demonstrate progress in creating a census of 

extra-solar planets and measuring their 

properties. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 9AS8

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing Kepler Launch 

Readiness Review (LRR). Astrophysics

Exoplanet 

Exploration

Sub Goal 3E

Advance knowledge in the fundamental 

disciplines of aeronautics, and develop 

technologies for safer aircraft and higher 

capacity airspace systems.

Outcome 3E.1

By 2016, identify and develop tools, methods, 

and technologies for improving overall aircraft 

safety of new and legacy vehicles operating in 

the Next Generation Air Transportation 

System (projected for the year 2025). None None Green Green

APG 9AT1

Demonstrate a 10% improvement in estimation 

accuracy of integrated gas path sensing and 

diagnostics for aircraft engine health. Aeronautics Aviation Safety

MAN-12
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9AT2

Conduct a spin test to verify enhanced disk rim 

attachment strength at component level and show 10% 

life improvement over criteria established in 2007. Aeronautics Aviation Safety

APG 9AT3

Assess and deliver findings on initial multi-modal 

presentation formats and interaction methods for 

uncertainty display concepts and virtual visual 

environments with statistically significant 

reductions in communication errors, mental 

workload, and flight technical error, as well as 

increases in usability and situation awareness 

compared with baseline capability. Aeronautics Aviation Safety

APG 9AT4

Design and evaluate preliminary concepts in online integrity monitoring (99% failure detection 

with less than 1% false positives) for adaptive 

control systems through simulation tests. Aeronautics Aviation Safety

Outcome 3E.2

By 2016, develop and demonstrate future 

concepts, capabilities, and technologies that 

will enable major increases in air traffic 

management effectiveness, flexibility, and 

efficiency, while maintaining safety, to meet 

capacity and mobility requirements of the 

Next Generation Air Transportation System. None None Green Green

APG 9AT5

Complete trajectory analysis for service providerbased automated separation assurance with timebased metering with 2-3 times increase in 

capacity without reduction of baseline metering 

accuracy or separation violations. Aeronautics

Airspace 

Systems

APG 9AT6

Develop algorithms to generate robust, optimized solutions 

for surface traffic planning and control. Evaluations will 

include benefits in both nominal and off-nominal conditions 

under increased Airportal traffic density and consider 

environmental constraints and aircraft operator schedule 

preferences. Aeronautic

Airspace 

Systems

Outcome 3E.3

By 2016, develop multidisciplinary analysis and 

design tools and new technologies, enabling better 

vehicle performance (e.g., efficiency, environmental, 

civil competitiveness, productivity, and reliability) in 

multiple flight regimes and within a variety of 

transportation system architectures. None None Green Green

APG 9AT10

Complete the CFD pretest predictions of 

performance and operability of a high Mach fan 

for a TBCC propulsion system and compare to 

fan test data from the GRC W8 facility. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 9AT7

Develop a database for alternative hydrocarbons 

using accepted testing standards, then 

characterize the fuels (freezing point, break point, 

etc) in comparison to current Jet-A. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 9AT8

Develop and validate transmission tools and 

technologies to support variable speed drive 

systems using data from several transmission test 

cells at GRC. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 9AT9

Demonstrate an adjoint-based design method for 

configuration shaping; also establish the 

capability to design and analyze supersonic 

vehicles that achieve efficiency improvements 

within 10% of the defined targets including engine 

plume effects and verify the results using wind 

tunnel and flight experiments. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

MAN-13
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Outcome 3E.4

Ensure the continuous availability of a 

portfolio of NASA-owned wind tunnels/ground 

test facilities, which are strategically 

important to meeting national aerospace 

program goals and requirements. None None None Green

APG 9AT11

To sustain the required aeronautics test facilities 

force measurement capability for the nation, 

implement a centralized force balance capability 

by FY 2009. Aeronautics

Aeronautics 

Test Program

Sub Goal 3F

Understand the effects of the space 

environment on human performance, and test 

new technologies and countermeasures for 

long-duration human space exploration.

Outcome 3F.1

By 2008, develop and test candidate 

countermeasures to ensure the health of 

humans traveling in space. Green Green Green Green

APG 9AC4

Develop an operational protocol that meets the 

standards of the Office of the Chief Health and 

Medical Officer for a countermeasure to lower the 

risk of renal stone formation due to increased 

bone loss during long duration missions in 

microgravity to below 1%.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 9AC5

Validate a ground analog fractional-gravity test 

methodology to assess whether 1/6th g is 

protective of physiological systems, including 

bone loss, and if not, what countermeasures are 

needed.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 9AC6

Provide recommendations for optimized EVA suit 

weight, pressure, center of gravity and 

kinematics.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

Outcome 3F.2

By 2010, identify and test technologies to 

reduce total mission resource requirements 

for life support systems. Green Green Green Green

APG 9AC7

Evaluate three alternative distillation technologies 

for primary water processing as part of closed 

loop water recovery systems.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 3F.3

By 2010, develop reliable spacecraft 

technologies for advanced environmental 

monitoring and control and fire safety. Green None Green Green

APG 9AC8

Complete the System Design Review for the 

Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction Water Biocide 

Monitor.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 3F.4

By 2012, identify and develop tools, methods, 

and technologies for assessing, improving 

and maintaining the overall health of the 

astronaut corps, for mission lengths up to 180 

days in microgravity or 1/6 G.

APG 9SFS1

Publish volume 5 of the Spacecraft Maximum 

Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) and volume 3 

of the Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines 

(SWEGs).

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Crew Health & 

Safety

APG 9SFS2

Thirty-seven percent of current and former 

astronaut medical requirements data will be 

captured in a comprehensive medical data 

management infrastructure.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Crew Health & 

Safety

APG 9SFS3

Capture 100% of medical and environmental data 

required by Medical Operations in queriable form.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Crew Health & 

Safety

MAN-14
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Strategic Goal 4

Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into 

service as soon as possible after Shuttle 

retirement.

Outcome 4.1

No later than 2015, and as early as 2010, 

transport three crewmembers to the 

International Space Station and return them 

safely to Earth, demonstrating an operational 

capability to support human exploration 

missions. Green Green Green Yellow

APG 9AC11

Deliver a prototype 5-meter diameter ablative 

heat shield for Orion to the Constellation Systems 

Program.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 9CS1

Complete the Critical Design Review (CDR) for 

the Orion / Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS12

Complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 

for the Constellation Program flight capability 

(PDR #1).

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS2

Complete the Critical Design Review (CDR) for 

the Ares I Upper Stage (US) element.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS3

Complete the Critical Design Review (CDR) for 

the Pad B Launch Complex development within 

the Ground Operations Project.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS4

Complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 

of the Mission Control Center System (MCCS) 

within the Mission Operations Project.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS5

Complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 

for the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Space Suit 

Element for CEV.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS6

Complete the launch and flight analysis of the 

CEV Pad Abort 1 (PA-1) test.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS7

Complete the launch and flight analysis of the 

Ares 1-X sub-orbital test.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9SFS3

In FY 2009, maintain agency rocket propulsion 

test core competencies (both infrastructure and 

critical skills) at appropriate levels to meet 

Constellation testing requirements and integrate 

these with other NASA programs, commercial 

partners, and DoD requirements and capabilities.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

(SFS)

Rocket 

Propulsion 

Testing

APG 9SFS4

Coordinate rocket propulsion test activities to 

support Constellation rocket propulsion testing 

milestones by providing an agency level Rocket 

Propulsion Test Plan.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

(SFS)

Rocket 

Propulsion 

Testing

Outcome 4.2

By 2010, successfully transition applicable 

Shuttle components, infrastructure, and 

workforce to the Constellation Systems 

program. New

APG 9CS8

Demonstrate progress towards the transition of 

Space Shuttle and Space Station workforce and 

infrastructure for utilization in Constellation, 

including the transfer of the Vertical Assembly 

Building, configuration of Launch Complex 39-B 

and the Mobile Launch Platform 1 for the Ares 1-

X test.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

MAN-15
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Strategic Goal 5

Encourage the pursuit of appropriate 

partnerships with the emerging commercial 

space sector.

Outcome 5.1

Develop and demonstrate a means for NASA 

to purchase launch services from emerging 

launch providers. Green Green Green Green

APG 9SFS5

Establish a contractual mechanism or agreement 

to provide technical exchanges between NASA's 

Launch Services Program and emerging launch 

vehicles/providers to enhance early launch 

success.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

(SFS)

Launch 

Services

Outcome 5.2

By 2010, demonstrate one or more commercial space 

services for ISS cargo and/or crew transport. Green Green Green Green

APG 9CS10

Have at least three funded and unfunded 

Partners receiving technical assistance through 

the COTS Assistance Team (CAT) and making 

progress toward orbital demonstrations of 

commercial crew and cargo systems.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

APG 9CS9

Have at least one Partner complete a minimum of 

one orbital demonstration flight in FY 2009.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation 

Systems 

Program

Strategic Goal 6

Establish a lunar return program having the 

maximum possible utility for later missions to 

Mars and other destinations.

Outcome 6.1

By 2008, launch a Lunar Reconnaissance 

Orbiter (LRO) that will provide information 

about potential human exploration sites. Green None Green Green

APG 9AC12 Launch the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (LRO)

Advanced 

Capabilities

Lunar Precursor 

Robotic 

Program

APG 9AC13

Launch the Lunar Crater Observation and 

Sensing Satellite. (LCROSS)

Advanced 

Capabilities

Lunar Precursor 

Robotic 

Program

Outcome 6.2

By 2012, develop and test technologies for in 

situ resource utilization, power generation, 

and autonomous systems that reduce 

consumables launched from Earth and 

moderate mission risk. Green Green Green Green

APG 9AC14

Demonstrate in field tests a proof-of-concept 

pressurized rover with EVA suitports that could 

enable surface exploration beyond the vicinity of 

the lunar outpost and improve EVA work 

efficiency.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 6.3

By 2013, sufficiently develop and test technologies for 

nuclear power systems to enable an informed 

selection of systems for flight development to provide 

power to a lunar outpost. Green White Green Green

APG 9AC15

Demonstrate full-scale radiator panels in the 

laboratory at temperatures and heat transfer rates 

relevant to the reference 40-kilowatt fission 

surface power system for the lunar outpost.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 6.4

Implement the space communications and 

navigation architecture responsive to science 

and exploration mission requirements. Green Green Green Green

APG 9SFS6

Complete TDRS Replenishment Preliminary 

Design Review (PDR).

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Space Communications 

and Navigation

MAN-16
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9SFS7

Re-compete the Space Network, Near Earth 

Network and NISN operations and maintenance 

contracts to provide uninterrupted support of 

those networks.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Space Communications 

and Navigation

APG 9SFS8

Complete a consolidated network modernization 

plan for all SCaN networks to meet existing and 

future science and exploration mission 

requirements.

Space and 

Flight 

Support 

Space Communications 

and Navigation

Outcome 6.5

No later than 2020, demonstrate the capability 

to conduct an extended human expedition to 

the lunar surface and lay the foundation for 

extending human presence across the solar 

system. None

APG 9AC16

Begin successful science data collection from the 

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) in support 

of human lunar missions.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Lunar Precursor 

Robotic 

Program

APG 9AC17

Begin successful science data collection from the 

Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite 

(LCROSS) in support of human lunar missions.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Lunar Precursor 

Robotic 

Program

APG 9CS11

Conduct the Lunar Capabilities SRR to define the 

lunar mission architecture transportation 

requirements.

Constellation 

Systems

Extended Lunar 

Stay Capability

MAN-17
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Cross-Agency Support Programs 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Center Management and Operations Theme

Outcome CMO-1 Under development for release in 2010. New

APG 9CMO1 Under development for release in 2010.

Education Theme

Outcome ED-1

Contribute to the development of the Science, 

Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) 

workforce in disciplines needed to achieve 

NASA's strategic goals, through a portfolio of 

investments. None Green Green Green

APG 9ED1

Support the development of 60 new or revised 

courses targeted at the STEM skills needed by 

NASA. Education

APG 9ED2

Serve 132 institutions in designated EPSCoR 

states. Education

APG 9ED3

Engage 8,500 underrepresented and 

underserved students in NASA higher education 

programs. Education

APG 9ED4

Increase the percentage of higher education 

program participants who have participated in 

NASA elementary or secondary programs by an 

additional ten percent above the FY 2007 

baseline of eighteen percent. Education

APG 9ED5

Achieve thirty five percent of student participants 

in FY 2009 NASA higher education programs, will 

be employed by NASA, aerospace contractors, 

universities, and other educational institutions. Education

APG 9ED6

Achieve thirty five percent of undergraduate 

students in FY 2009 NASA higher education 

programs move on to advanced education in 

NASA-related disciplines. Education

Outcome ED-2

Attract and retain students in STEM 

disciplines through a progression of 

educational opportunities for students, 

teachers and faculty. None Green None Green

APG 9ED10

Achieve fifty percent or greater level of interest in 

science and technology careers among 

elementary and secondary students participating 

in NASA education programs. Education

APG 9ED7

Increase the percentage of elementary and 

secondary educators, who receive NASA contentbased STEM resources materials or participate in 

short-duration activities that use these materials 

in the classroom by four percent above the FY 

2007 baseline of fifty five percent. Education

APG 9ED8

Increase the number of elementary and 

secondary student participants in NASA 

instructional and enrichment activities by 10%

above the FY 2007 baseline of 408,774. Education

APG 9ED9

Assure seventy percent of elementary and 

secondary educators who participate in NASA 

training programs use NASA resources in their 

classroom instruction, an increase in the FY 2007 

baseline of sixty two percent. Education

MAN-18
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

Outcome ED-3

Build strategic partnerships and linkages 

between STEM formal and informal education 

providers that promote STEM literacy and 

awareness of NASA's mission. None None None Green

APG 9ED11

Assure that at least 350 museums and science 

centers across the country actively engage the 

public through NASA content. Education

APG 9ED12

Assure that twenty percent of the 460 museums 

and science centers that participate in NASA 

networks, use NASA resources in programs and 

exhibits. Education

Agency Management and Operations Theme

Outcome IEM-1

By 2012, implement Agency business systems 

that provide timely, consistent and reliable 

business information for management 

decisions. None None None Green

APG 9IEM1

Implement all reports into the Human Capital 

Information Environment and stabilize the project 

and environment.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Agency IT 

Services

APG 9IEM2

Implement the federal eTravel initiative to provide 

a standardized, comprehensive tool to support 

online booking, travel planning, travel expense 

reimbursement, payment processing, credit card 

reconciliation, and management reporting for 

NASA.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Agency IT 

Services

Outcome IEM-2 

Increase efficiency by implementing new 

business systems and reengineering Agency 

business processes. None None Green Green

APG 9IEM3

Reduce the number of quarterly corrective 

adjustments to financial statements from the 2006 

baseline of 5948 steps to the 2009 goal of 2509 

steps (a 58% reduction).

Agency 

Management 

& Operation

Agency IT 

Services

APG 9IEM4

Improve the timeliness of the funds distribution 

process (time from receipt of apportionment to 

distribution of funds to Centers) from 65 days to 

the 2009 goal of 12 days.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Agency IT 

Services

APG 9IEM5

Achieve cost savings, expected to increase 

annually with a 2009 goal of $19.3M, resulting 

from the integration of financial and asset 

management systems, a reduction in the number 

of redundant property, plant and equipment 

(PP&E) systems and process improvements that 

enable NASA to better manage PP&E assets.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Agency IT 

Services

Outcome IPP-1

Promote and develop innovative technology 

partnerships among NASA, U.S. industry, and 

other sectors for the benefit of Agency 

programs and projects. Blue Green Green Green

APG 9IPP1

Develop twelve technology-related significant 

partnerships that create value for NASA's 

programs and projects. Track both quantitative 

dollar value and qualitative benefits to NASA (e.g. 

reduced volume or mass, improved safety).

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Innovative 

Partnerships 

Program

APG 9IPP2

Complete thirty technology transfer agreements 

with the commercial and academic community 

through such mechanisms as licenses, software 

use agreements, facility use agreements, and 

Space Act Agreements.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Innovative 

Partnerships 

Program

MAN-19
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07

APG 9IPP3

Fully implement a new system for managing 

NASA's technology transfer and partnership 

information, that is more user friendly and less 

costly than the current NASA Technology 

Transfer System (NTTS).

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Innovative 

Partnerships 

Program

APG 9IPP4

Infuse technologies from the IPP portfolio into 

NASA's programs and projects, with at least 

twelve documented infusion successes.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Innovative 

Partnerships 

Program

Outcome SC-1

Establish and maintain selected Agency level 

shared capabilities, across multiple classes of 

assets (e.g., wind tunnels, vacuum chambers, 

etc.), to ensure that they will continue to be 

available to support the missions that require 

them. None None None Green

APG 9SC1

Prioritize funding requirements and select classes 

of assets for inclusion in the Shared Capability 

Assets Program.

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Strategic 

Capabilities 

Assets 

Program

APG 9SC2

Identify re-investment/re-capitalization 

opportunities within and among classes of assets 

and execute the approved changes (e.g., 

reallocate funds, upgrade facilities, etc.).

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Strategic 

Capabilities 

Assets 

Program

SPG 9SC3

Assets identified in FY 2008 that no longer have 

requirements for use by NASA will be 

dispositioned (decision made on whether to place 

on standby, be mothballed, be demolished, etc.).

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

Strategic 

Capabilities 

Assets 

Program

Institutional Investments Theme

Outcome IINV-1 Under development for release in 2010. New

APG 9IINV1 Under development for release in 2010.

MAN-20
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Uniform and Efficiency Measures 

Measure Description

Advanced 

Capabilities 

Theme 

APG 9AC18 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9AC19

Increase the amount of research beam time for space radiation experiments at NSRL, hence science 

data collection, by reducing the non-science overhead to 25% from 33% for set up, tuning and 

maintenance.

APG 9AC20

Given an annual constant dollar technology funding, demonstrate improvements in the EVA Work 

Efficiency Index for humans and robots working cooperatively to deploy the power system 

infrastructure for the lunar outpost. Work Efficiency Index = (Time to complete a task using humans 

and robots) / (Time to complete a task using humans only).

Astrophysics 

Theme

APG 9AS12 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9AS13 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 9AS14 Peer-review and competitively award at least 95%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 9AS15

Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to 

selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Aeronautics 

Theme

APG 9AT12 Deliver at least 94% of "on-time availability" for all operations and research facilities.

Constellation 

Systems Theme

APG 9CS12 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9CS13

Reduction in ground operations cost (through 2012) of the Constellation Systems based on comparison 

with the Space Shuttle Program.

Education 

Theme

APG 9ED13

Reduce the dollar invested per number of people reached via e-education technologies from FY 2008 

amounts.

APG 9ES14 Reduce the cost per K-12 program participant over FY 2007 amounts by 1%.

Earth Science 

Theme

APG 9ES21 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9ES22 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 9ES23 Peer-review and competitively award at least 90%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 9ES24

Reduce time within which eighty percent of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date 

to selection, by five percent per year, with a goal of 130 days.

MAN-21
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Uniform and Efficiency Measures 

Measure Description

Heliophysics 

Theme

APG 9HE10 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9HE11 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 9HE12 Peer-review and competitively award at least 95%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 9HE13

Reduce time within which eighty percent of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date 

to selection, by five percent per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Agency 

Management 

and Operations 

Theme

APG 9IEM8 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9IEM9

Reduce the number of financial processing steps/time to perform year end closing from the 2005 

baseline of 120 steps to the 2008 goal of 20 steps (an 83% reduction).

APG 9IPP7

For technology partnerships, leverage IPP funding by bringing at least an additional $1.80 (one dollar 

and eighty cents) for each $1 (one dollar) of IPP funds.

International 

Space Station 

Theme

APG 9ISS7

Achieve an Annual Cost Performance Index (CPI), the ratio of the value of the work accomplished 

versus the actual cost of the work accomplished, of greater than or equal to one.

APG 9ISS8 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

Planetary 

Science Theme

APG 9PS11 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9PS12 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 9PS13 Peer-review and competitively award at least 95%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 9PS14

Reduce time within which eighty percent of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date 

to selection, by five percent per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Space and Flight 

Support (SFS) 

Theme

APG 9SFS10 Achieve at least 99% Space Network proficiency for delivery of Space Communications services.

APG 9SFS11 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 9SFS12 Ratio of Launch Services program cost per mission to average spacecraft cost, reduced to 6.3 percent.

Space Shuttle 

Theme

APG 9SSP5

Annually reduce the Space Shuttle sustaining engineering workforce for flight hardware and software, 

while maintaining safe flight.

APG 9SSP6 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

MAN-22
Management and Performance

FY 2009 Performance Plan Update 

Annual Performance Goals Eliminated for FY 2009 

Measures Description Contributing Theme

Contributing 

Program(s)

APG 9IPP05

Demonstrate the purchase of services from the emerging 

commercial space sector for microgravity research and training.

Agency Management 

and Operations

Agency Management 

and Operations

APG 9IPP06

Demonstrate benefits of prize competitions by awarding at least one 

prize and communicating the resulting technology advancements.

Agency Management 

and Operations

Agency Management 

and Operations

MAN-23
Management and Performance

NASA's six Strategic Goals are reflected below. Each is clearly defined and supported by Sub-goals 

(where appropriate), and supported by multi-year Outcomes. The majority of NASA's long-term 

performance commitments, the Outcomes, have remained the same from FY 2009. These in turn are 

supported by annual performance goals (APGs) that enhance NASA's ability to measure and report 

the Agency's progress in achieving its Strategic Goals. 

 

The FY 2010 Performance Plan adds outcomes and APGs that support the Agency Management & 

Operations (AM&O), Center Management & Operations (CM&O), and Institutional Investments (II) 

themes established in FY 2009 under the "Cross-Agency Support (CAS)" Appropriation Account. 

 

To better communicate the contribution of these themes along with other mission support elements, 

the performance measures were structured as function-based, rather than theme-based, Outcomes. 

Elements involving management of facilities, infrastructure, and information technology continue from 

FY 2009, but under more strategic Outcome statements. With the development of more strategic 

Outcomes, activities such as the Shared Capabilities Assets Program no longer provide APGs at the 

Agency level, but maintain measures used within the AM&O Program. New Outcomes were also 

established for human capital management, safety and mission assurance, and for launch services 

and space communications (a Space Operations Appropriations Account element formerly distributed 

between Strategic Goals 3, 4, 5, and 6). Each of these Outcomes provides "cross agency" support to 

programs and projects across NASA Mission Directorates, they are listed under the banner of Agency 

Support. 

 

The Innovative Partnership Program Outcomes and APGs are now all aligned to Strategic Goal 5 to 

support partnership activities. 

 

The table below provides a summary of all of the Agency commitments identified in the preceding 

sections. The table also reflects trend information for the Outcomes. Definitions for the trend ratings 

are as follows: 

 

Outcomes 

Green: NASA achieved most APGs under this Outcome and is on-track to achieve or exceed this 

Outcome. 

Yellow: NASA made significant progress toward this Outcome, however, the Agency may not achieve 

this Outcome as stated. 

Red: NASA failed to achieve most of the APGs under this Outcome and does not expect to achieve 

this Outcome as stated. 

White: This Outcome was cancelled by management directive or is no longer applicable based on 

management changes to the APGs. 

None: The stated Outcome did not exist in the years indicated.

FY 2010 Performance Plan Narrative

MAN-24
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Strategic Goal 

1

Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until its 

retirement, not later than 2010.

Outcome 1.1

Assure the safety and integrity of the Space 

Shuttle workforce, systems and processes, 

while flying the manifest. Green Yellow Green Green

 APG 10SSP1

Achieve zero Type-A (damage to property at least 

$1 million or death) or Type-B (damage to 

property at least $250 thousand or permanent 

disability or hospitalization of three or more 

persons) mishaps in FY 2010. Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

APG 10SSP2

Complete 100% of all mission objectives for all 

Space Shuttle missions in FY 2010 as specified in 

the Flight Requirements Document for each 

mission. Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

Outcome 1.2

By December 31, 2010, retire the Space 

Shuttle. None None Green Green

APG 10SSP03

Complete close-out and transfer plans for all 

remaining Space Shuttle flight hardware elements 

and other major Space Shuttle property assets, 

including the disposition plans for the Orbiters 

and the means by which significant gaps in 

human spaceflight operations capabilities will be 

managed until the first operational flight of the 

Constellation Program. Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

APG 10SSP04

Complete 100% of the Transition Property 

Assessment for Space Shuttle Program property 

by no later than the second quarter of FY 2010. Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

APG 10SSP05

With the Constellation Program, complete and 

deliver 2 workforce transition strategy report 

updates to Congress in FY 2010. Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle 

Program

Strategic Goal 

2

Complete the International Space Station in a 

manner consistent with NASA's International 

Partner commitments and the needs of human 

exploration.

Outcome 2.1

By 2010, complete assembly of the U.S. Onorbit Segment; launch International Partner 

elements and sparing items required to be 

launched by the Shuttle; and provide on-orbit 

resources for research to support U.S. human 

space exploration. Green Green Green Green

APG 10ISS01

Based on the actual Space Shuttle flight rate, 

number of remaining Shuttle flights, and the 

discussions with the International Partners, 

update the agreed-to ISS assembly sequence 

and transportation plan as necessary.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 10ISS02

Accomplish a minimum of 90% of the on-orbit 

research objectives as established one month 

prior to a given increment.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 10ISS03

Per the final configuration agreed to by the 

International Partners, fly the ISS elements and 

logistics baselined for FY 2010.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 10ISS04

Provide increased ISS capability and utilization by 

integrating ISS elements, payloads, and spares 

including the EXPRESS Logistics Carriers 1 

through 4, Cupola, Node 3, Multipurpose 

Pressurized Logistics Module, a COTS 

demonstration, and Mini-Research Module.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

MAN-25
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 2.2

Through 2015, provide the on-orbit capability 

to support an ISS crew of 6 crewmembers. None None Green Green

APG 10ISS05

Achieve zero Type-A (damage to property at least 

$1 million or death) or Type-B (damage to 

property at least $250 thousand or permanent 

disability or hospitalization of 3 or more persons) 

mishaps in FY 2010.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 10ISS07

In concert with the International Partners, 

maintain a continuous crew presence on the ISS

by coordinating and managing resources, 

logistics, systems, and operational procedures.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

APG 10ISS08

Deliver 100% of planned on-orbit resources 

(including power, data, crew time, logistics, and 

accommodations) available to support research.

International 

Space Station

International 

Space Station 

Program

Outcome 2.3

Conduct basic and applied biological and 

physical research to advance and sustain U.S. 

scientific expertise. None None New Green

APG 10AC01

Deliver 2 out of 3 of the following exploration 

technology payloads to SOMD for launch to the 

ISS: 1) Boiling Experiment Facility; 2) Capillary 

Channel Flow, or several test vessels of the 

Capillary Flow Experiment-2; or 3) Conduct the 

tests for the Flame Extinguishment Experiment 

exploration payload on ISS.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 10AC02

Conduct 3 out of 4 of the following nonexploration experiments on the ISS: 1) Dynamical 

Selection of Interface Patterns; 2) Two samples 

from Microstructure Formation in Castings of 

Technical Alloys under Diffusive and 

Magnetically-Controlled Convective Conditions 

(MICAST)/Columnar-Equiaxed Transition in 

Solidification Processing experiment; 3) Binary 

Critical Aggregation Test-5; or 4) Investigating the 

Structures of Paramagnetic Aggregates from 

Colloidal Emulsions-3.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 10AC03

Develop for flight two ISS/Shuttle/Free Flyer 

payloads: Develop the Animal Enclosure Module 

for launch on the Space Shuttle, to conduct 

immunology research on rodents; and develop a 

nano-satellite as a secondary Free Flyer payload 

to conduct fundamental biological research.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

MAN-26
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Strategic Goal 

3

Develop a balanced overall program of 

science, exploration, and aeronautics 

consistent with the redirection of the human 

spaceflight program to focus on exploration.

Strategic Goal 

3A

Study Earth from space to advance scientific 

understanding and meet societal needs.

Outcome 3A.1

Progress in understanding and improving 

predictive capability for changes in the ozone 

layer, climate forcing, and air quality 

associated with changes in atmospheric 

composition. None Green Green Green

APG 10ES01

Demonstrate progress in understanding and 

improving predictive capability for changes in the 

ozone layer, climate forcing, and air quality 

associated with changes in atmospheric 

composition (based on measurements from 

presently orbiting NASA and non-NASA assets). 

Progress will be evaluated by external expert 

review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10ES02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing Aquarius 

Operational Readiness Review (ORR). Earth Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 10ES03

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aura. Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.2

Progress in enabling improved predictive 

capability for weather and extreme weather 

events. None Green Green Green

APG 10ES04

Demonstrate progress in enabling improved 

predictive capability for weather and extreme 

weather events. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10ES05

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the NPOESS 

Preparatory Project (NPP) Operational Readiness 

Review (ORR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 10ES06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Global 

Precipitation Mission (GPM) Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.3

Progress in quantifying global land cover 

change and terrestrial and marine 

productivity, and in improving carbon cycle 

and ecosystem models. None Green Green Green

APG 10ES07

Demonstrate progress in quantifying global land 

cover change and terrestrial and marine 

productivity, and in improving carbon cycle and 

ecosystem models. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10ES05

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the NPOESS 

Preparatory Project (NPP) Operational Readiness 

Review (ORR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 10ES08

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Landsat Data 

Continuity Mission (LDCM) Confirmation Review. Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

MAN-27
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 3A.4

Progress in quantifying the key reservoirs and 

fluxes in the global water cycle and in

improving models of water cycle change and 

fresh water availability. None Yellow Green Green

APG 10ES09

Demonstrate progress in quantifying the key 

reservoirs and fluxes in the global water cycle and 

in improving models of water cycle change and 

fresh water availability. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10ES02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing Aquarius 

Operational Readiness Review (ORR). Earth Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 10ES06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Global 

Precipitation Mission (GPM) Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 10ES10

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the SMAP 

Preliminary Design Review (PDR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.5

Progress in understanding the role of oceans, 

atmosphere, and ice in the climate system and 

in improving predictive capability for its future 

evolution. None Yellow Yellow Yellow

APG 10ES11

Demonstrate progress in understanding the role 

of oceans, atmosphere, and ice in the climate 

system and in improving predictive capability for 

its future evolution. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10ES05

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the NPOESS 

Preparatory Project (NPP) Operational Readiness 

Review (ORR). Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 10ES12

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the ICESat-II Initial 

Confirmation Review. Earth Science

Earth System 

Science 

Pathfinder

APG 10ES03

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Aura. Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

Outcome 3A.6

Progress in characterizing and understanding 

Earth surface changes and variability of 

Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields. None Green Green Green

APG 10ES08

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Landsat Data 

Continuity Mission (LDCM) Confirmation Review. Earth Science

Earth 

Systematic 

Missions

APG 10ES13

Demonstrate progress in characterizing and 

understanding Earth surface changes and 

variability of Earth's gravitational and 

magnetic fields. Progress will be evaluated by 

external expert review. Earth Science

Multiple 

Programs

MAN-28
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 3A.7

Progress in expanding and accelerating the 

realization of societal benefits from Earth 

system science. None Green Green Green

APG 10ES14

Issue 12 reports with partnering organizations 

that validate using NASA research capabilities 

(e.g., observations and/or forecast products) 

could improve their operational decision support 

systems. Earth Science

Applied 

Sciences

APG 10ES15

Increase the number of distinct users of NASA 

data and services. Earth Science

Earth Science 

Research

APG 10ES16

Maintain a high level of customer satisfaction, as 

measured by exceeding the most recently 

available federal government average rating of 

the Customer Satisfaction Index. Earth Science

Earth Science 

Research

Strategic Goal 

3B

Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth 

and the solar system.

Outcome 3B.1

Progress in understanding the fundamental 

physical processes of the space environment 

from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and 

beyond to the interstellar medium. Green Green Green Green

APG 10HE01

Demonstrate progress in understanding the 

fundamental physical processes of the space 

environment from the Sun to Earth, to other 

planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium. 

Progress will be evaluated by external expert 

review. Heliophysics

Multiple

Programs

APG 10HE02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Magnetospheric 

Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Heliophysics

Solar 

Terrestrial 

Probes

APG 10HE03

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

APG 10HE04

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by awarding Solar Probe 

instrument contracts. Heliophysics

Heliophysics 

Explorer 

Program

APG 10HE05

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for Hinode (Solar-B), THEMIS, 

and IBEX. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3B.2

Progress in understanding how human 

society, technological systems, and the 

habitability of planets are affected by solar 

variability and planetary magnetic fields. Green Green Green Green

APG 10HE02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Magnetospheric 

Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Heliophysics

Solar 

Terrestrial 

Probes

APG 10HE03

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

MAN-29
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

APG 10HE04

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by awarding Solar Probe 

instrument contracts. Heliophysics

Heliophysics 

Explorer 

Program

APG 10HE06

Demonstrate progress in understanding how 

human society, technological systems, and the 

habitability of planets are affected by solar 

variability and planetary magnetic fields. Progress 

will be evaluated by external expert review. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10HE07

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for THEMIS. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3B.3

Progress in developing the capability to 

predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in 

space in order to maximize the safety and 

productivity of human and robotic explorers. Green Green Green Green

APG 10HE03

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Geospace 

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Critical Design 

Review (CDR). Heliophysics

Living with a 

Star

APG 10HE08

Demonstrate progress in developing the 

capability to predict the extreme and dynamic 

conditions in space in order to maximize the 

safety and productivity of human and robotic 

explorers. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Heliophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Strategic Goal 

3C

Advance scientific knowledge of the origin 

and history of the solar system, the potential 

for life elsewhere, and the hazards and 

resources present as humans explore space.

Outcome 3C.1

Progress in learning how the Sun's family of 

planets and minor bodies originated and 

evolved. Green Green Green Green

APG 10PS01

Demonstrate progress in learning how the Sun's 

family of planets and minor bodies originated and 

evolved. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10PS02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Systems 

Integration Review (SIR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 10PS03

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the GRAIL Critical 

Design Review (CDR).

Planetary 

Science Discovery

APG 10PS04

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting New Frontiers 3 

concept studies.

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 10PS05

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting Discovery 12 concept 

studies.

Planetary 

Science Discovery

APG 10PS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstration by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory flight hardware builds and flight 

system assemblies. 

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

MAN-30
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 3C.2

Progress in understanding the processes that 

determine the history and future of habitability 

in the solar system, including the origin and 

evolution of Earth's biosphere and the 

character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on 

Mars and other worlds. Green Green Green Green

APG 10PS02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Systems 

Integration Review (SIR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 10PS07

Demonstrate progress in understanding the 

processes that determine the history and future of 

habitability in the solar system, including the 

origin and evolution of Earth’s biosphere and the 

character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on 

Mars and other worlds. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 10PS08

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars 

Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission 

(MAVEN) Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Planetary 

Science

APG 10PS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstration by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory flight hardware builds and flight 

system assemblies. 

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

Outcome 3C.3

Progress in identifying and investigating past 

or present habitable environments on Mars 

and other worlds, and determining if there is 

or ever has been life elsewhere in the solar 

system. Green Green Green Green

APG 10PS02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Juno Systems 

Integration Review (SIR).

Planetary 

Science New Frontiers

APG 10PS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstration by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory flight hardware builds and flight 

system assemblies. 

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 10PS07

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the Mars 

Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission 

(MAVEN) Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

APG 10PS09

Demonstrate progress in identifying and 

investigating past or present habitable 

environments on Mars and other worlds, and 

determining if there is or ever has been life 

elsewhere in the solar system. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3C.4

Progress in exploring the space environment 

to discover potential hazards to humans and 

to search for resources that would enable 

human presence. Green Green Green Green

APG 10PS11

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the LADEE Critical 

Design Review (CDR).

Planetary 

Science Lunar Quest

MAN-31
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

APG 10PS10

Demonstrate progress in exploring the space 

environment to discover potential hazards to 

humans and to search for resources that would 

enable human presence. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review.

Planetary 

Science

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10PS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstration by completing the Mars Science 

Laboratory flight hardware builds and flight 

system assemblies. 

Planetary 

Science

Mars 

Exploration

Strategic Goal 

3D

Discover the origin, structure, evolution, and 

destiny of the universe, and search for Earthlike planets.

Outcome 3D.1

Progress in understanding the origin and 

destiny of the universe, phenomena near 

black holes, and the nature of gravity. Green Green Green Green

APG 10AS01

Demonstrate progress in understanding the origin 

and destiny of the universe, phenomena near 

black holes, and the nature of gravity. Progress 

will be evaluated by external expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10AS02

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the NuSTAR Critical 

Design Review (CDR). Astrophysics

Astrophysics 

Explorer

APG 10AS03

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by selecting Joint Dark Energy 

Mission (JDEM) science investigations. Astrophysics

Beyond 

Einstein

APG 10AS04

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for GLAST. Astrophysics

Gamma-ray 

Large Space 

Telescope

Outcome 3D.2

Progress in understanding how the first stars 

and galaxies formed, and how they changed 

over time into the objects recognized in the 

present universe. Green Yellow Green Green

APG 10AS05

Demonstrate progress in understanding how the 

first stars and galaxies formed, and how they 

changed over time into the objects we recognize 

in the present universe. Progress will be 

evaluated by external expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

APG 10AS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the James Webb 

Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope 

Element Critical Design Review (CDR). Astrophysics

James Webb 

Space 

Telescope

APG 10AS07

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the first competed 

Early Science observations on the Stratospheric 

Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Astrophysics

Stratospheric 

Observatory 

for Infrared 

Astronomy

APG 10AS08

Conduct flight program in support of this 

Outcome, as demonstrated by achieving mission 

success criteria for WISE. Astrophysics

Cosmic 

Origins

MAN-32
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 3D.3

Progress in understanding how individual 

stars form and how those processes 

ultimately affect the formation of planetary 

systems. Green Yellow Green Green

APG 10AS06

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the James Webb 

Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope 

Element Critical Design Review (CDR). Astrophysics

James Webb 

Space 

Telescope

APG 10AS07

Develop missions in support of this Outcome, as 

demonstrated by completing the first competed 

Early Science observations on the Stratospheric 

Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Astrophysics

Stratospheric 

Observatory 

for Infrared 

Astronomy

APG 10AS09

Demonstrate progress in understanding how 

individual stars form and how those processes 

ultimately affect the formation of planetary 

systems. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Outcome 3D.4

Progress in creating a census of extra-solar 

planets and measuring their properties. Green Yellow Yellow Green

APG 10AS10

Demonstrate progress in creating a census of 

extra-solar planets and measuring their 

properties. Progress will be evaluated by external 

expert review. Astrophysics

Multiple 

Programs

Strategic Goal 

3E

Advance knowledge in the fundamental 

disciplines of aeronautics, and develop 

technologies for safer aircraft and higher 

capacity airspace systems.

Outcome 3E.1

By 2016, identify and develop tools, methods, 

and technologies for improving overall aircraft 

safety of new and legacy vehicles operating in 

the Next Generation Air Transportation 

System (projected for the year 2025). None Green Green Green

APG 10AT01

Using 2008 as a baseline, demonstrate, on a 

representative current generation electromechanical system test bed, improved IVHM via 

Bayesian methods and/or models for varying 

operating conditions and demonstrate fault 

detection/diagnosis on at least three faults types 

and examine tradeoff between accuracy and 

diagnosis time. Aeronautics

Aviation 

Safety

APG 10AT02

Develop an atomistically-based model capable of 

predicting within 25%, the degradation caused by 

environmental effects on interfaces in selected 

polymer matrix composite materials. Aeronautics

Aviation 

Safety

APG 10AT03

Deliver and validate through analysis flight deck 

guidelines, information, and display requirements 

that meet NextGen operational needs as 

established in 2007 baseline assessment, and 

without a measurable increase to safety risk. Aeronautics

Aviation 

Safety

APG 10AT04

Develop a tool suite that provides an order of 

magnitude reduction in analysis time over current 

Monte-Carlo simulation methods that would be 

used to locate failure points in the flight envelope 

for a chosen adaptive control system and a set of 

adverse events. Aeronautics

Aviation 

Safety

MAN-33
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 3E.2

By 2016, develop and demonstrate future 

concepts, capabilities, and technologies that 

will enable major increases in air traffic 

management effectiveness, flexibility, and 

efficiency, while maintaining safety, to meet 

capacity and mobility requirements of the 

Next Generation Air Transportation System. None Green Green Green

APG 10AT05

Conduct simulations of automated separation 

assurance with sequencing, spacing, and 

scheduling constraints. Aeronautics

Airspace 

Systems

APG 10AT06

Determine the feasibility and benefits of one or 

more candidate Multi-Sector Planner concepts. Aeronautics

Airspace 

Systems

Outcome 3E.3

By 2016, develop multidisciplinary analysis 

and design tools and new technologies, 

enabling better vehicle performance (e.g., 

efficiency, environmental, civil 

competitiveness, productivity, and reliability) 

in multiple flight regimes and within a variety 

of transportation system architectures. None Green Green Green

APG 10AT07

Complete new suite of integrated multidisciplinary 

analysis tools to predict noise, NOx, 

takeoff/landing performance, cruise performance, 

and Take-Off Gross Weight (TOGW) for 

conventional (“tube and wing”) aircraft and 

unconventional aircraft (e.g. hybrid wind-body). Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 10AT08

Demonstrate control concepts through flight 

simulation that would contribute towards 

development of a flight control optimization tool 

for variable speed engine and transmission with 

no negative handling quality effects. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 10AT09

Develop computational models to predict 

integrated inlet and fan performance and 

operability and compare models to experimental 

data. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

APG 10AT10

Complete CFD predictions of ramjet-to-scramjet 

mode-transition and compare to wind tunnel 

and/or X-51 flight test data. Aeronautics

Fundamental 

Aeronautics

Outcome 3E.4

Ensure the continuous availability of a 

portfolio of NASA-owned wind tunnels/ground 

test facilities, which are strategically 

important to meeting national aerospace 

program goals and requirements. None None None Green

APG 10AT11

Achieve test customer evaluation ratings 

averaging greater than 90% for overall quality and 

timeliness of ATP facility operations, based on 

feedback received in post-test customer surveys. Aeronautics

Aeronautics 

Test Program

Outcome 3E.5

For vehicle and propulsion technologies that 

simultaneously reduce fuel burn, noise, and 

emissions, by 2016 develop a well-informed 

trade space, document performance potential, 

and identify technical risks to a level that 

enables incorporation of the technologies into 

the design of new aircraft.

APG 10AT12

In FY 2010, award a contract to conduct N+2 

vehicle systems-studies. Aeronautics

Integrated 

Systems 

Research 

Program

MAN-34
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Strategic Goal 

3F

Understand the effects of the space 

environment on human performance, and test 

new technologies and countermeasures for 

long-duration human space exploration.

Outcome 3F.1

By 2016, develop and test candidate 

countermeasures to ensure the health of 

humans traveling in space. None Green Green Green

APG 10AC04

Deliver a Human Interface Design Handbook for 

use in designing exploration vehicles.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 10AC05

Deliver and publish an initial version of the acute 

radiation risk projection model for lunar missions.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 10AC06

Deliver a device for launch to ISS to test the 

technology of producing medical grade water on a 

spacecraft.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 10AC07

Complete the assessment study of a capability to 

test bone & muscle countermeasures in simulated 

lunar gravity.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

APG 10AC08

Complete the 2010 quantitative assessment of 

the uncertainties in cancer risk projections for 

space radiation exposures in support of lunar 

exploration missions.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Human 

Research 

Program

Outcome 3F.2

By 2012, identify and test technologies to 

reduce total mission resource requirements 

for life support systems. Green Green Green Green

APG 10AC09

As part of technology development for closedloop air revitalization for lunar surface habitats, 

conduct a trade study to evaluate candidate 

technologies for carbon dioxide reduction in 

support of down selection for development of a 

breadboard unit.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 10AC10

Develop and test candidate technologies for 

production of high-pressure gases for potential 

use for recharge of oxygen for Extra Vehicular 

Activity (EVA) portable life support systems for 

planetary surface missions.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 3F.3

By 2012, develop reliable spacecraft 

technologies for advanced environmental 

monitoring and control and fire safety. None Green Green Green

APG 10AC11

Demonstrate 6 months of experimental operation 

of the Electronic Nose (ENose) on orbit.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

APG 10AC12

Demonstrate 1 year of experimental operation of 

the Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitoring 

(VCAM) system on orbit.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 3F.4

By 2012, identify and develop tools, methods, 

and technologies for assessing, improving 

and maintaining the overall health of the 

astronaut corps, for mission lengths up to 180 

days in microgravity or 1/6 G.

APG 10SFS01

Capture 43% of current and former astronaut 

medical requirements data will be captured in a 

comprehensive medical data management 

infrastructure.

Space & 

Flight Support

Crew Health 

& Safety

MAN-35
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

APG 10SFS02

Create a set of clinical practice guidelines for 

monitoring known risks associated with space 

flight.

Space & 

Flight Support

Crew Health 

& Safety

APG 10SFS03

Capture 100% of medical and environmental data 

required by Medical Operations in a form capable 

of queries. 

Space & 

Flight Support

Crew Health 

& Safety

APG 10SFS04

Create an integrated concept of operations to use 

ultrasound for ground-based clinical care as a test 

bed for in flight uses.

Space & 

Flight Support

Crew Health 

& Safety

Strategic Goal 

4

Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into 

service as soon as possible after Shuttle 

retirement.

Outcome 4.1

No later than 2015, transport three 

crewmembers to the International Space 

Station and return them safely to Earth, 

demonstrating an operational capability to 

support human exploration missions. Green Green Yellow Yellow

APG 10CS01

Complete Pad Abort-1 test for the Orion Crew 

Exploration Vehicle.

Constellation 

Systems

Constellation

(Cx) Systems 

Program

APG 10CS02

Complete the integrated Preliminary Design 

Review (PDR) for the Constellation Program.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS03

Complete Ares 1 First Stage Development Motor 

(DM 1) test firing.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS04

Complete the Thrust Oscillation Preliminary 

Design Review (PDR) for Ares I.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS05

Complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 

for the Ground Operations (GO) Project.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS06

Complete the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 

for the Mission Operations (MO) Project.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

Strategic Goal 

5

Encourage the pursuit of appropriate 

partnerships with the emerging commercial 

space sector.

Outcome 5.1

Develop and demonstrate a means for NASA 

to purchase launch services from emerging 

launch providers. Green Green Green Green

APG 10SFS05

The Launch Service Program will capture 100% 

of significant technical interchange information 

with emerging launch providers as provided under 

existing contract mechanisms. The Engineering 

Review Board Information System (ERBIS) will be 

used to capture specific technical 

recommendations and opportunities for risk 

reduction. 

Space & 

Flight Support

Launch 

Services

Outcome 5.2

By 2010, demonstrate one or more 

commercial space capabilities for ISS cargo 

and/or crew transport. Green Green Green Green

APG 10CS07

In FY 2010, have at least one partner 

demonstrate flight proximity operations with ISS.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS08

By the end of FY 2010, conduct one or more 

demonstration flights to, and berth with, the ISS. 

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

MAN-36
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 5.3

Promote and develop innovative technology 

partnerships among NASA, U.S. industry, and 

other sectors for the benefit of Agency 

programs and projects. Green Green Green Green

APG 10IPP01

Document 40 notable technology transfer 

successes documented in NASA's Spinoff 

publication. 

Agency 

Management 

& Operations

(AMO)

Innovative 

Partnerships 

Program

(IPP)

APG 10IPP02

Produce 1100 New Technology Reports (NTRs) 

produced, representing the new technologies 

available for potential transfer. AMO IPP

APG 10IPP03

Ratio of total number of licenses generated from 

the Intellectual Property (IP) portfolio of patents 

from the last five years relative to the number of 

patents in that portfolio is equivalent to 40%. AMO IPP

APG 10IPP04

Initiate or expand 29 SBIR/STTR Phase III 

contracts. AMO IPP

APG 10IPP05

Achieve 175 technology readiness level (TRL) 

advancements from the Innovative Partnerships 

Program portfolio of technology development. AMO IPP

APG 10IPP06

Infuse 68 technologies into NASA 

programs/projects from total Innovative 

Partnerships Program portfolio. AMO IPP

APG 10IPP07

Ratio of SBIR/STTR technologies successfully 

infused into NASA programs/projects relative to 

the prior five years of SBIR/STTR Phase II 

contracts issued is equivalent to 21%. AMO IPP

Strategic Goal 

6

Establish a lunar return program having the 

maximum possible utility for later missions to 

Mars and other destinations.

Outcome 6.1

By 2012, complete the transition of applicable 

Shuttle components, infrastructure, and 

workforce to the Constellation Systems 

program.

APG 10CS09

Complete the Exploration Requirements for 

Institutional Capabilities (ERIC) database update 

and develop a coordinated final SOMD/ESMD 

report that incorporates the ERIC update with the 

Space Shuttle Program’s final assessment of real 

property.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS10

Complete the Constellation Assessment of 

Personal Property (CAPP) for Space Shuttle 

Program property.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10CS11

With the Space Shuttle Program, complete and 

deliver 2 agency workforce transition strategy 

report updates to Congress.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

Outcome 6.2

By 2016, develop and test technologies for in 

situ resource utilization, power generation, 

and autonomous systems that reduce 

consumables launched from Earth and 

moderate mission risk. Green Green Green Green

APG 10AC13

Demonstrate autonomous hazard avoidance 

system for Altair lunar lander in helicopter flight 

test.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

MAN-37
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome 6.3

By 2013, sufficiently develop and test 

technologies for nuclear power systems to 

enable an informed selection of systems for 

flight development to provide power to a lunar 

outpost. None None None Green

APG 10AC14

Liquid-metal pump Demonstration – Complete 

final report of performance testing of a prototypic 

annular linear induction pump with sodiumpotassium fluid at operating temperatures and 

flow rates that are relevant to a future 40 kilowatt 

fission surface power system.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Exploration 

Technology 

Development

Outcome 6.4

No later than 2020, demonstrate the capability 

to conduct an extended human expedition to 

the lunar surface and lay the foundation for 

extending human presence across the solar 

system. None Green

APG 10CS12

Conduct the Lunar Capabilities SRR to define the 

lunar mission architecture requirements.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10AC15

Develop concepts for manufacturing 10-meter 

diameter composite structures for the Ares V 

launch vehicle.

Advanced 

Capabilities

Lunar 

Precursor 

Robotic 

Program

(LPRP)

APG 10AC16

Test prototype main engine for Altair lunar lander 

ascent stage using liquid oxygen and liquid 

methane propellants.

Advanced 

Capabilities LPRP

APG 10AC17

Complete LRO’s primary mission and deposit 

50% of the data to the Planetary Data System.

Advanced 

Capabilities LPRP

APG 10AC18

Complete the Lunar Crater Observation and 

Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission.

Advanced 

Capabilities LPRP

APG 10DIO01

Conduct at least 3 multilateral workshops with 

international space agencies to discuss the 

potential for international participation in the 

exploration of the lunar surface.

Constellation 

Systems

Cx Systems 

Program

APG 10OER01

Facilitate the exchange of at least 10 letters 

between the NASA Administrator and his/her 

international space agency counterparts, 

introducing the Administrator and outlining his/her 

vision for international cooperation. AMO

Agency 

Management

MAN-38
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan 

 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme(s)

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

EDUCATION

Outcome ED.1

Contribute to the development of the Science, 

Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) 

workforce in disciplines needed to achieve 

NASA's Strategic Goals, through a portfolio of 

investments. Green Green Green Green

APG 10ED01

Support the development of 60 new or revised 

courses targeted at the STEM skills needed by 

NASA. Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED02

Serve 200 institutions in designated EPSCoR 

states. Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED03

Serve 8,500 under-represented and under-served 

students in NASA higher education programs. Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED04

Achieve 60% employment of student participants 

in FY 2009 NASA higher education programs by 

NASA, aerospace contractors, universities, and 

other educational institutions. Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED05

Achieve 45% pursuit of advanced education in 

NASA-related disciplines of undergraduate 

students in FY 2009 NASA higher education 

programs Education

Education 

Program

APG 10WF11

Provide equal opportunity (EO) onsite 

assessment and technical assistance to three 

STEM programs receiving NASA funding, and EO 

technical assistance to an additional 25 NASAfunded STEM programs. AMO

Agency 

Management

Outcome ED.2

Attract and retain students in STEM 

disciplines through a progression of 

educational opportunities for students, 

teachers and faculty. Green

APG 10ED06

Achieve 50% or greater level of interest in 

science, technology, engineering and math 

(STEM) careers among elementary and 

secondary students participating in NASA 

education programs. Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED07

Increase to 60% the percentage of elementary 

and secondary educators who either obtain NASA 

content-based education resources or participate 

in short-duration NASA education activities, and 

use NASA resources in their classroom 

instruction (a 1% annual increase above the FY 

2007 baseline of 55%). Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED08

Increase to 470,000 the number of elementary 

and secondary student participants in NASA 

instruction and enrichment activities (a 5% annual 

increase above the FY 2007 baseline of 408,774). Education

Education 

Program

APG 10ED09

Assure, in FY 2010, 75% of elementary and 

secondary educators who participate in NASA 

training programs use NASA resources in their 

classroom instruction, an annual increase of 5% 

in the FY 2007 baseline of 62%. Education

Education 

Program

MAN-39
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan 

 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme(s)

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome ED.3

Build strategic partnerships and linkages 

between STEM formal and informal education 

providers that promote STEM literacy and 

awareness of NASA's mission. Green None Green Green

10ED10

Assure that at least 350 museums and space 

centers across the country actively engage the 

public through NASA content. Education

Education 

Program

AGENCY SUPPORT (Contributions from Cross Agency Support (CAS) 

and Programmatic Appropriation Accounts)

Outcome AS.1

Develop, implement, and maintain modern, 

secure, and high-quality information 

technology systems and infrastructure to 

achieve agency mission objectives with the 

lowest life-cycle cost and least risk.

APG 10IT01

Complete migration to the NASA Consolidated 

Active Directory.

AMO; Center 

Management 

& Operations 

(CMO)

Agency IT 

Services 

(AITS)

APG 10IT02

Complete Operational Readiness Review (ORR) 

for the NASA Communications Initiative. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT03

Complete integration of Personal Identity 

Verification (PIV) cards with the desktop. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT04

Complete planned capacity increase to the NASA 

Wide Area Network. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT05

Complete planned upgrades to networks at Ames 

Research Center, Glenn Research Center, 

Goddard Space Flight Center, Kennedy Space 

Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, and 

Stennis Space Center. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT06

Complete Operational Readiness Review (ORR) 

for the NASA Security Operations Center. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT07

By 2010, increase reutilizations of accountable 

personal property by 2% from the baseline of 5%. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT08

In FY 2010, increase the percentage of total 

travel bookings completed on-line to at least 60% 

(baseline is 1.8%). AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT09

In FY 2010, increase the total number of 

solicitations developed in PRISM to at least 80%. AMO; CMO AITS

APG 10IT10

Reduce runtimes of the most heavily accessed 

Business Warehouse reports by at least 40%. AMO; CMO AITS

Outcome AS.2

Develop and align workforce strategies, 

programs, policies and processes to be 

consistent with the Agency's mission.

APG 10WF01

Complete all FY 2010 planned actions for the FY 

2008-FY 2010 NASA Model EEO Agency Plan. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

APG 10WF02

Complete development of the Agency strategy for 

deployment of a diversity and inclusion 

framework. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

APG 10WF03

Complete implementation of a certification 

program to ensure that Program and Project 

Managers meet Federal Acquisition Certification 

Requirements before or within one year of 

assuming leadership of major acquisition projects. AMO; CMO

Safety & 

Mission 

Success 

(SMS)

MAN-40
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan 

 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme(s)

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

APG 10WF04

Complete full roll-out of the new mid-level 

leadership development program, targeted at the 

GS13 through GS15 levels, to ensure continued 

development of a cadre of potential future NASA 

leaders and support succession management 

efforts. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

APG 10WF05

Engage with the Mission Directorates, Centers 

and Mission Support offices in the development of 

a 5-year workforce plan, matching workforce 

capabilities with mission needs. Eliminate 

unassigned civil service workforce in all years of 

the planning horizon. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

APG 10WF06

By March 2010, complete Phase 4 of Shuttle 

Transition workforce mapping to identify final 

detailed Shuttle workforce composition and 

disposition issues and any required actions. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

Outcome AS. 3

Ensure the strategic availability and 

maintenance of facilities which are necessary 

to meet the long-term needs and requirements 

of the Agency.

APG 10FAC01

Assure that at least 50% of the NASA Centers 

have updated their Master Plans to implement 

Agency Strategic Direction from the Facilities 

Program Board.

Institutional 

Investments; 

AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

APG 10FAC02

Perform a test case review of one of the Agency’s 

major technical portfolios to determine

consolidations and/or investments. 

AMO; CMO; 

Strategic 

Capabilities 

Assets 

Program 

Agency 

Management

APG 10FAC03

Conduct a facility requirements review for the 

Altair Project requirements through qualification 

testing. AMO; CMO

Agency 

Management

Outcome AS.4

While promoting mission success, protect the 

public, NASA workforce, high-value 

equipment and property from potential harm 

as a result of NASA activities and operations 

by factoring safety, quality, risk, reliability and 

maintainability as integral features of 

programs, projects, technologies, operations, 

and facilities.

APG 10SMS01

No fatalities or permanent disabling injuries to the 

public resulting from NASA activities during fiscal 

year. AMO; CMO SMS

APG 10SMS02

No fatalities or permanent disabling injuries to the 

NASA workforce resulting from NASA activities 

during fiscal year. AMO; CMO SMS

APG 10SMS03

Reduce damage to NASA assets by 10% per 

fiscal year. AMO; CMO SMS

APG 10SMS04

Maximize achievement of mission success criteria 

for all NASA programs/projects in the fiscal year. AMO; CMO SMS

MAN-41
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan 

 

Multi-year Outcome ratings

Measure Description

Contributing 

Theme(s)

Contributing 

Program(s) FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08

Outcome AS.5

Implement the space communications and 

navigation architecture and provide space 

launch capabilities responsive to existing and 

future science and space exploration mission 

requirements.

APG 10SFS06

Complete the assessment of Array Antenna size 

in support of the long term plans for the 70 meter 

antenna decommissioning and replacement.

Space & 

Flight Support

Space Communications 

& Navigation

(SCaN)

APG 10SFS07

Complete TDRS K/L Project Mission Operations 

Review (MOR).

Space & 

Flight Support SCaN

APG 10SFS08

Complete SN Ground Segment Sustainment 

project (SGSS) Mission Definition Review (MDR).

Space & 

Flight Support SCaN

APG 10SFS09

Identify agency rocket propulsion test core 

capabilities (both infrastructure and critical skills) 

and maintain them at appropriate levels to be 

able to meet NASA’s current and future rocket 

testing requirements, and deliver an integrated 

agency-level Rocket Propulsion Test Plan that 

spans the next ten years and includes DoD and 

commercial partner requirements and capabilities, 

as appropriate.

Space & 

Flight Support

Rocket 

Propulsion 

Testing

APG 10SFS10

Maintain or acquire launch services capabilities 

(both infrastructure and skills) at levels needed to 

meet NASA’s current and future launch services 

requirements efficiently and effectively. 

Space & 

Flight Support

Rocket 

Propulsion 

Testing

APG 10SFS11

Complete 100% of Launch Service objectives for 

all NASA-managed expendable launches in FY 

2010 as specified in the Interface Control 

Document for each mission.

Space & 

Flight Support

Rocket 

Propulsion 

Testing

MAN-42
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

 Uniform and Efficiency Measures

Measure Description

Advanced Capabilities Theme 

APG 10AC13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10AC14

Demonstrate improvements in the EVA Work Efficiency Index for astronauts using a small, 

pressurized rover with suit-ports compared to astronauts using an unpressurized rover. Work 

efficiency index=(time to complete a task)/(total time to prepare for EVA).

Aeronautics Theme

APG 10AT13 Deliver at least 96% of "on-time availability" for all operations and research facilities.

Agency Management & Operations Theme

APG 10IT11 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10IT12 In 2010, reduce the amount of system execution time during the year end close process by six hours.

APG 10IT13 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations.

APG 10WF07

Using the Agency’s Staffing and Recruitment System, NASA STARS, complete hiring actions–from 

date of vacancy announcement closing to the time an offer is made–within 45 days.

APG 10IPP08

Achieve a number of technology commercialization success from SBIR/STTR Phase II contracts 

through FY 2010 to equal 21% of the total number of SBIR/STTR contracts issued over the prior 5 

years, including FY 2010.

Astrophysics Theme

APG 10AS11 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10AS12 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 10AS13 Peer-review and competitively award at least 95%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 10AS14

Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to 

selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Constellation Systems Theme

APG 10CS13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10CS14

Total annual cost of Constellation operations activities for the first full year after full operational 

capability, will be no greater than 70% of comparable annual shuttle operations costs (reference year 

FY 2007).

Earth Science Theme

APG 10ES17 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10ES18 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 10ES19 Peer-review and competitively award at least 90%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 10ES20

Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to 

selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 227 days.

Education Theme

APG 10ED11 Reduce the dollar invested per number of page views for the NASA Education website.

APG 10ED12

Reduce the cost per elementary and secondary school program participant over FY 2009 amounts by 

2%.

Heliophysics Theme

APG 10HE09 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10HE12

Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to 

selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

MAN-43
Management and Performance

FY 2010 Performance Plan

 Uniform and Efficiency Measures

Measure Description

International Space Station Theme

APG 10ISS09 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

Planetary Science Theme

APG 10PS11 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10PS12 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

APG 10PS13 Peer-review and competitively award at least 95%, by budget, of research projects.

APG 10PS14

Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to 

selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Space and Flight Support Theme

APG 10SFS12 Achieve at least 99% Space Network proficiency for delivery of Space Communications services.

APG 10SFS13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

APG 10SFS14 Ratio of Launch Services program cost per mission to average spacecraft cost, reduced to 6.2%.

Space Shuttle Theme

APG 10SSP06 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

MAN-44
FY 2010 Proposed Appropriation Language 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROPOSED APPROPRIATION LANGUAGE

SCIENCE 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of science research 

and development activities, including research, development, operations, support, and services; 

maintenance; construction of facilities including repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of 

facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning and design, 

and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; environmental 

compliance and restoration; space flight, spacecraft control, and communications activities; program 

management; personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized by 

5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; and purchase, 

lease, charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, $4,477,200,000 to 

remain available until September 30, 2011. 

AERONAUTICS 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of aeronautics research 

and development activities, including research, development, operations, support, and services; 

maintenance; construction of facilities including repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of 

facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning and design, 

and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; environmental 

compliance and restoration; space flight, spacecraft control, and communications activities; program 

management; personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized by 

5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; and purchase, 

lease, charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, $507,000,000 to 

remain available until September 30, 2011. 

EXPLORATION 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of exploration research 

and development activities, including research, development, operations, support, and services; 

maintenance; construction of facilities including repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of 

facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning and design, 

and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; environmental 

compliance and restoration; space flight, spacecraft control, and communications activities; program 

management, personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized 

by 5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; and 

purchase, lease, charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, 

$3,963,100,000 to remain available until September 30, 2011. 

APP-1
FY 2010 Proposed Appropriation Language 

SPACE OPERATIONS 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of space operations 

research and development activities, including research, development, operations, support and 

services; space flight, spacecraft control and communications activities including operations, production, 

and services; maintenance; construction of facilities including repair, rehabilitation, revitalization and 

modification of facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning 

and design, and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; 

environmental compliance and restoration; program management; personnel and related costs, 

including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel expenses; 

purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and 

operation of mission and administrative aircraft, $6,175,600,000, to remain available until September 

30, 2011. 

EDUCATION 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in carrying out aerospace and aeronautical 

education research and development activities, including research, development, operations, support, 

and services; program management; personnel and related costs, uniforms or allowances therefore, as 

authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; 

and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, 

$126,100,000, to remain available until September 30, 2011. 

CROSS AGENCY SUPPORT 

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of science, 

aeronautics, exploration, space operations and education research and development activities, 

including research, development, operations, support, and services; maintenance; construction of 

facilities including repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of facilities, construction of new 

facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning and design, and restoration, and acquisition 

or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; environmental compliance and restoration; 

space flight, spacecraft control, and communications activities; program management; personnel and 

related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901–5902; travel 

expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; not to exceed $70,000 for official reception 

and representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and 

administrative aircraft, $3,400,600,000, to remain available until September 30, 2011. 

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL 

For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in carrying out the Inspector General Act of 

1978, $36,400,000, to remain available until September 30, 2011. 

APP-2
FY 2010 Proposed Appropriation Language 

ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS 

(INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) 

Notwithstanding the limitation on the duration of availability of funds appropriated to the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration for any account in this Act, except for “Office of Inspector 

General,” when any activity has been initiated by the incurrence of obligations for environmental 

compliance and restoration activities as authorized by law, such amount available for such activity shall 

remain available until expended. 

Notwithstanding the limitation on the duration of availability of funds appropriated to the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration for any account in this Act, except for “Office of Inspector 

General,” the amounts appropriated for construction of facilities shall remain available until September 

30, 2014. 

Funds for announced prizes otherwise authorized shall remain available, without fiscal year limitation, 

until the prize is claimed or the offer is withdrawn. 

Not to exceed 5 percent of any appropriation made available for the current fiscal year for the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration in this Act may be transferred between such appropriations, but 

no such appropriation, except as otherwise specifically provided, shall be increased by more than 10 

percent by any such transfers. Any transfer pursuant to this provision shall be treated as a 

reprogramming of funds under section 505 of this Act and shall not be available for obligation except in 

compliance with the procedures set forth in that section. 

The unexpired balances of the Science, Aeronautics, and Exploration account, for activities for which 

funds are provided under this Act, may be transferred to the new accounts established in this Act that 

provide such activity. Balances so transferred shall be merged with the funds in the newly established 

accounts, but shall be available under the same terms, conditions and period of time as previously 

appropriated. 

Funding designations and minimum funding requirements contained in any other Act shall not be 

applicable to funds appropriated by this title for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

APP-3
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 

APP-4
Reference: Acronyms 

AA Associate Administrator

AAD Aircraft Aging and Durability 

ABS Advanced Business System 

AC Advanced Capabilities 

ACCESS 

Advanced Collaborative Connections for 

Earth System Science 

ACE Advanced Composition Explorer

ACES Airspace Concepts Evaluation System 

ACIS Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer

ACRIMSat 

Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor 

Satellite 

ACS 

Advanced Camera for Surveys (Hubble 

Space Telescope instrument) 

ADA Associate Deputy Administrator

ADCAR 

Astrophysics Data Curation and Archival 

Research 

ADFT Ascent Development Flight Test 

ADP Advanced Development Project 

ADS Astrophysics Data System 

AEDC Arnold Engineering Development Center

AEH Advanced Environmental Health 

AEMC 

Advanced Environmental Monitoring and 

Control 

AESP Aerospace Education Services Program 

AFB Air Force Base 

AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research 

AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory 

AIA 

Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (Solar 

Dynamics Observatory instrument) 

AIM Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere 

AirSAR Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

AISR Applied Information Systems Research 

AITS Agency Information Technology Services 

ALI Advanced Land Imager

ALS Aircraft Logistics System 

ALV Air Launch Vehicle 

AMM Aircraft Management Module 

AMMOS Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System 

AMMP Aircraft Maintenance and Modification Program

AMO Agency Management and Operations 

AMR 

Advanced Microwave Radiometer (Ocean 

Surface Topography Mission instrument) 

AMS Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

AMSR-E 

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for

the Earth Observing System 

ANSP Air Navigation Service Provider

AO Announcement of Opportunity 

APG Annual Performance Goal 

APL 

Applied Physics Laboratory (Johns Hopkins 

University) 

APPEL 

Academy of Program/Project and 

Engineering Leadership 

APR Annual Performance Report 

APS 

Advanced Polarimeter Sensor (Glory 

instrument) 

ARC Ames Research Center 

ARISS 

Amateur Radio on the International Space 

Station 

ARMD Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate 

AS&T Aeronautics Science and Technology 

ASAP Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel 

ASE Aero-Servo-Elastic 

ASI 

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space 

Agency) 

ASP Airspace Systems Program 

ASPERA-3 

Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic 

Atoms-3 

ASR Aviation Safety Report 

ASRG Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator

ASSP Architecture for Survivable System Processing 

AST Advanced Subsonic Technology 

ASTER 

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission 

Reflection Radiometer 

ASVM Aircraft and Systems Vulnerability Mitigation 

ATG Airspace Traffic Generator

ATLO Assembly, Test and Launch Operations 

ATM Air Traffic Management 

ATMS 

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder 

(NPOESS Preparatory Project instrument) 

ATP Aeronautics Test Program 

ATV Automated Transfer Vehicle 

AU Astronomical unit 

AuRA Autono Robust Avionics 

AVIRIS Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer

AvSP Aviation Safety Program 

AvSa Aviation Safety 

BARREL 

Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic 

Electron Losses 

BATC Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation 

BCAT-4 Binary Critical Aggregation Test- 4 

BCP Ball Commercial Platform 

BE Beyond Einstein 

BEPAC 

Beyond Einstein Program Assessment 

Committee 

BFELoB 

Budget Formulation and Execution Line of 

Business 

BFEM Budget Formulation Execution Manager 

BHP Behavioral Health and Performance 

BPI Budget Performance and Integration 

BSIG Business Systems Integration Group 

BWB Blended Wing Body 

BWG Beam Wave Guide 

C&DH Command and Data Handling 

C3I 

Command, Control, Communication 

Information 

C3P Commercial Cargo Crew Project 

C3PO Commercial Cargo Crew Program Office 

C3S 

Command, Control, and Communication 

Segment 

C4P Commercial Cargo Crew Capability Project 

REF-1
Reference: Acronyms 

CAEP 

Committee on Aviation Environmental 

Protection 

CALIOP 

Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal 

Polarization 

CALIPSO 

Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared 

Pathfinder Satellite Observations 

CaLV Cargo Launch Vehicle 

CAN Cooperative Agreement Notice 

CAPTEM 

Curation and Analysis Planning Team for 

Extraterrestrial Materials 

CARA 

California Association for Research in 

Astronomy 

CARD 

Constellation Architectural Requirements 

Document 

CAS Cross-Agency Support 

CASP Cross Agency Support Programs

CAST Commercial Aviation Safety Team 

CCD Charge Coupled Device 

CCMC Community Coordinated Modeling Center 

CCRI Climate Change Research Initiative 

CCSP Climate Change Science Program 

CDAP Cassini Data Analysis Program 

CDC Centers for Disease Control 

CDI Congressionally Directed Items 

CDL Center for Distance Learning 

CDR Critical Design Review 

CERES 

Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy 

System 

CESR Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements 

CEU Combined Electronics 

CEV Crew Exploration Vehicle 

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics 

CFE Capillary Flow Experiment 

CFM Cryogenic Fluid Management 

CFO Chief Financial Officer 

CGA Corporate G&A 

CGRO-EGRET 

Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory– 

Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope 

ChemCam Chemistry Camera 

CheMin Chemistry & Mineralogy Instrument 

CHIPS Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer 

CHS Crew Health and Safety 

CI Counter-intelligence 

CICT 

Computing, Information and Communications 

Technology 

CINDI Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation 

CIO Chief Information Officer 

CIPAIR 

Curriculum Improvement Partnership 

Award for the Integration of Research 

CIR Combustion Integrated Rack 

CIRA 

Cooperative Institute for Research in the 

Atmosphere 

CLARREO 

Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity 

Observatory 

CLV Crew Launch Vehicle 

CM&O Center Management and Operations 

CMAO Contract Management Assistance Officer 

CMB Cosmic Microwave Background 

CMC Cargo Mission Contract 

CME Continuing Medical Education 

CME Coronal Mass Ejection 

CMM Contract Management Module 

CMO Center Management and Operations 

CNES 

Centre Nationale D’Etudes Spatiale (French 

Space Agency) 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

CO2 Carbon Dioxide 

COBE Cosmic Background Explorer 

CoF Construction of Facilities 

CONAE 

Argentina’s National Committee of Space 

Activities 

CoNNeCT 

Communication Navigation and Networking 

Reconfigurable Testbed 

CONTOUR Comet Nucleus Tour

CO-OP Cooperative-Education 

CORE Central Operation of Resources for Educators 

COS Cosmic Origins Spectrograph 

COTF Classroom of the Future 

COTR Contracting Officer Technical Representative 

COTS Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 

CPHS 

Committee on the Protection of Human 

Subjects 

C/NOFS 

Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast 

System 

CRaTER 

Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of 

Radiation 

CRI Center for Rotorcraft Innovation 

CrIS 

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (NPOESS 

Preparatory Project instrument) 

CSA Canadian Space Agency 

CSAR Cost and Schedule Analysis Report 

CSC Computer Sciences Corporation 

CSI Constellation Services International 

CSPE Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction 

CT Counter-terrorism 

CVB Constrained Vapor Bubble 

Cx Constellation Systems 

CxRS Constellation Reconfiguration System 

CxTF Constellation Training Facility 

CY Calendar Year 

CZAP Center Zoned Architecture Project 

DAAC Distributed Active Archive Centers 

DAFT Dust and Aerosol Measurement Facility Test 

DAN Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons 

DAP Data Analysis Program 

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency 

DCAS Defense Contract Audit Service 

DDAP Discovery Data Analysis Program 

DDT&E Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation 

DERA Defense Evaluation and Research Agency 

REF-2
Reference: Acronyms 

DESDynl 

Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and 

Dynamics of Ice 

DEVELOP 

Digital Earth Virtual Environment and Learning 

Outreach Program 

DFRC Dryden Flight Research Center 

DIXI 

Deep Impact Extended Investigation of 

Comets 

DLN Digital Learning Network 

DLR 

Deutches Zentrum für Luft- Raumfahrt (German 

Aerospace Center) 

DM Demonstration motors 

DOD Department of Defense 

DOE Department of Energy 

DOI Department of Interior 

DOL Department of Labor 

DORIS 

Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning 

Integrated by Satellite (Ocean Surface 

Topography Mission instrument) 

DOT Department of Transportation 

DPR 

Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (Global 

Precipitation Measurement instrument) 

DRS Disturbance Reduction System 

DSI Deutsches SOFIA Institut 

DSMS Deep Space Mission System 

DSN Deep Space Network 

DSX Deployable Structures Experiment 

DTN Disruption Tolerant Networking 

DUNS Data Universal Numbering System 

D&B Dun and Bradstreet 

E&PO Education and Public Outreach 

EA Enterprise Architecture 

EAFB Elmendorf Air Force Base 

EAP Educator Astronaut Program 

EarthKAM 

Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School 

Students 

EAS Efficient Aircraft Spacing 

EASI Efficient Aerodynamic Shapes and Integration 

ECANS 

Exploration Communication and Navigation 

Systems 

ECC Education Coordinating Committee 

ECLSS Environmental Control and Life Support System

ECR Environmental Compliance and Restoration 

ECT 

Energetic Particle, Composition and 

Thermal Plasma 

ED Education 

EDL Entry, Descent, and Landing 

EDMD 

Exploration Technology Development 

Program 

EDS Earth Departure Stage 

EEE Evolution of EOSDIS Elements 

EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle 

EEO Equal Employment Opportunity 

EFASC Electric Field and Search Coil 

EF Exposed Facility

EFI 

Electric Field Instrument (Thermal Emission 

Imaging System instrument) 

EFPO Education Flight Projects 

EFPM Efficient Flight Path Management 

EFW Electric Field and Waves 

EGRET Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope 

EHRI Enterprise Human Resources Integration 

EIRB Extragalactic Infrared Background 

EIS Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer 

EJSM Europa Jupiter System Mission 

ELC ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 

ELM-ES Experiment Logistics Module- Exposed Section

ELC ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 

ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle 

EMA Educational Media Archives 

EMC Exploration Medical Capability 

EMFISIS 

Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite 

and Integrated Science 

ENA Energetic Neutral Atom 

ENose Electronic nose 

EO-1 Earth Observing One Mission 

EOS Earth Observing System 

EOSDIS 

Earth Observing System Data and Information 

System 

EP/TOMS 

Earth Probe/ Total Ozone Mapping 

Spectrometer 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EPN Effective Perceived Noise 

EPNdB Effective Perceived Noise in Decibels 

e-PD e-Professional Development 

EPOCh 

Extrasolar Planet Observations and 

Characterization 

EPOXI 

Extrasolar Planet Observation and Deep 

Impact Extended Investigation 

EPSCoR 

Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive 

Research 

ERA Environmentally Responsible Aviation 

ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor 

ESA European Space Agency 

ESAS Exploration Systems Architecture Study 

ESES Electrical Systems Engineering Services 

ESD Earth Science Division 

ESDR Earth System Data Records 

ESM Earth Systematic Missions 

ESMD Exploration Systems Mission Directorate 

ESRT Exploration Systems Research and Technology

ESS Earth Systems Science 

ESSAC 

NASA Earth System Science and Applications 

Advisory Committee 

ESSP Earth System Science Pathfinder 

ESTCP Endeavor Science Teach Certificate Program 

ESTO Earth Science Technology Office 

ESTP Earth Science Technology Program 

ET External Tank 

ETD Exploration Technology Development 

ETDP Exploration Technology Development Program

ETM Enhanced Thematic Mapper 

REF-3
Reference: Acronyms 

EUSO Extreme Universe Space Observatory 

EUV Extreme-Ultraviolet 

EVA Extravehicular Activity 

EVE 

Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment 

(Solar Dynamics Observatory instrument) 

EVM Earned Value Management 

EXEP Exoplanet Exploration Program 

ExPRESS 

Expedite the Processing of Experiments 

to the Space Station 

FA Fundamental Aeronautics 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FACET 

Future Air Traffic Management Concepts 

Evaluation 

FAP Fundamental Aeronautics Program 

FAR Faculty Awards for Research 

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation 

FAST 

Facilitated Access to the Space Environment 

for Technology Development and Training 

FAST Fast Auroral Snapshot 

FC Framing camera 

FCIP Federal Career Intern Program 

FCOD Flight Crew Operations Directorate 

FDA Federal Drug Administration 

FDCC Federal Desktop Core Configuration 

FDMS Federal Data Management System 

FEA Federal Enterprise Architecture 

FEAC Federal Enterprise Architecture Certification 

FFATA 

Federal Funding Accountability and 

Transparency Act 

FFMIA 

Federal Financial Management Improvement 

Act of 1996 

FFS Fee for service 

FGM 

Fluxgate Magnetometer (Thermal Emission 

Imaging System instrument) 

FGS Fine Guidance Sensor 

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard 

FIRST 

For Inspiration and Recognition of Science 

andTechnology 

FLEX Flame Extinguishment Experiment 

FLITECAM First Light Infrared Test Experiment Camera 

FLX Flight Experiment 

FMA Force = Mass x Acceleration 

FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute 

FMLoB Financial Management Line of Business 

FOC Full Operational Capability 

FOSS Fiber Optic Strain System 

FPA Focal Plane Array 

FPP Focal Plane Package 

FPPS Federal Personnel and Payroll System 

FS First Stage 

FTE Full Time Equivalency 

FTP Foundational Technology Program 

FTV Flight Test Vehicle 

FUSE Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer 

FUV Far Ultraviolet 

FY Fiscal Year 

G&A General and Administrative 

GALEX Galaxy Evolution Explorer 

GAO Government Accountability Office 

GBM 

Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Gamma-ray Large 

Area Telescope instrument) 

GCCE Global Climate Change Education 

GCRP Global Change Research Program 

GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit 

GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems 

GES DAAC 

GSFC Earth Science Distributed Active Archive 

Center 

GeV Gigaelectron volt 

GHz Gigahertz 

GI Guest Investigator 

GIFTS 

Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform 

Spectrometer 

GIP Guest Investigator Program 

GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies 

GLAST Gamma–ray Large Area Space Telescope 

GLOBE 

Global Learning and Observations to Benefit 

the Environment 

GMAO Global Modeling and Assimilation Office 

GMI 

GPM Microwave Imager (Global Precipitation 

Measurement instrument) 

G-MOO Geospace Missions of Opportunity 

GN Ground Networks 

GNC Guidance, navigation and control 

GO Ground Operations 

GOES 

Geostationary Operational Environmental 

Satellite 

GOLD Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk

GOME-2 Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 

GP–B Gravity Probe–B 

GPM Global Precipitation Measurement 

GPRA Government Performance Results Act of 1993 

GPS Global Positioning System 

GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment 

GRAIL Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory 

GRaND Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector 

GRB Gamma Ray Burst 

G-RBSP Geospace- Radiation Belt Storm Probes 

GRC Glenn Research Center 

GRC-PBS Glenn Research Center–Plum Brook Station 

GREAT German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahetz 

GRGT Guam Remote Ground Terminal 

GSA General Services Administration 

GS Ground Support 

GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center 

GSRP Graduate Student Research Project 

GSSR Goldstone Solar System Radar 

GWAC Government Wide Acquisition Contracts 

HALE High-Altitude, Long-Endurance 

HBCU Historically Black Colleges and Universities 

REF-4
Reference: Acronyms 

HCAS Human Capital Accountability System 

HCIE Human Capital Information Environment 

HE Higher Education Project 

HECC High End Computing Capability 

HETE–2 High Energy Transient Explorer 

HETG High Energy Transmission Grating 

HFFF Hyper-velocity Free Flight Facility 

HFI High Frequency Instrument 

HFT Hypersonic Tunnel Facility 

HgCdTe Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride 

HHC Health and Human Countermeasures 

HH&P Human Health & Performance 

HHS Health and Human Services 

HIFI Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared 

HIPO High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultation

HIRDLS High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder 

HIRES High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer 

HiRISE High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment 

HMI 

Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (Solar 

Dynamic Observatory instrument) 

HMMES High-Mass Mars Entry Systems 

HMP Human Measures and Performance 

HPS Heliophysics Subcommittee 

HQ NASA Headquarters 

HR Human Resource 

HRC High Resolution Camera 

HRIS Human Resources Information System 

HRLoB 

Human Resources Management Line of 

Business 

HRP Human Research Program 

HRRLS Highly Reliable Reusable Launch Systems 

HSB Humidity Sounder for Brazil 

HSFO Human Space Flight Operations 

HSI Hispanic Service Institutions 

HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive 

HSR High-Speed Research 

HSRT Human Systems Research and Technology 

HST Hubble Space Telescope 

HSTS Heuristic Scheduling Test-bed System 

HTF Hypersonic Test Facility 

HTV H-II Transfer Vehicle 

HVAC Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning 

HVGR Hypervelocity Gun Range 

HWB Hybrid Wing Body 

Hy-BoLT 

Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition Flight 

Experiment 

I&T Integration and test 

IAE Integrated Acquisition Environment 

IAM Integrated Asset Management 

IAR Independent Annual Review 

IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer 

IBPD 

Integrated Budget and Performance 

Document 

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 

ICC-VLC 

Integrated Cargo Carrier - Vertical Light 

Deployable 

ICESat Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 

ICSMR Budget/management review 

IDIQ Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity 

IDPS Interface Data Processing Segment 

IDS Interdisciplinary Science 

IEEE 

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 

Inc. 

IEMP Integrated Enterprise Management Program 

IFMP Integrated Financial Management Program 

IG Inspector General 

IIFD Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck 

IIRT Integrated Independent Review Team 

ILN International Lunar Network 

IMAGE 

Imager for Magnetopause–to–Aurora Global 

Exploration 

IMD Institutional Management and Dissemination 

INPE Brazilian Institute for Space Research 

INSPIRE 

Interdisciplinary National Science Program 

Incorporating Research and Education 

Experiences 

InSPACE-2 

Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic 

Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2 

IOC Initial Operational Capability 

IOM Institute of Medicine 

IP Intellectual Property 

IPAC Infrared Processing and Analysis Center 

IPAO Independent Program Assessment Office 

IPCC International Panel on Climate Change 

IPD Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator 

IPIA Improper Payments Improvement Act 

IPO Integrated Program Office 

IPP Innovative Partnerships Program 

IPS Integrated Planning System 

IPY International Polar Year 

IR Infrared 

IRA Institutional Research Awards 

IRAC Integrated Resilient Aircraft Controls 

IRAS Infrared Astronomical Satellite 

IRD Interface Requirement Document 

IRM Information Resources Management 

IRMA Integrated Risk Management Application 

IRSA NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive 

IRT Independent Review Team 

ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 

ISIM Integrated Science Instrument Module 

ISM Interstellar Medium 

ISP In-Space Propulsion Project 

ISRO Indian Space Research Organization 

ISRP Integrated Systems Research Program 

ISRU In-Situ Resource Utilization 

ISS International Space Station 

ISSC International Space Science Collaboration 

REF-5
Reference: Acronyms 

ISSMP International Space Station Medical Program 

ISTP Integrated Space Transportation Plan 

IT Information Technology 

ITA Independent Technical Authority 

ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulation 

ITAS Integrated Tailored Aerostructures 

ITF Integrated Training Facility 

ITI Integrated Technology Infrastructure 

ITILoB 

Integrated Technology Infrastructure Line 

of Business 

IUVS Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrometer 

IVHM Integrated Vehicle Health Management 

IV&V Independent Verification and Validation 

IXO International X-ray Observatory 

JADE Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment 

JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 

JBOSC Joint Base Operations Support Contract 

JCAA Joint Council on Aging Aircraft 

JCSDA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation 

JDAP Jupiter Data Analysis Project 

JDEM Joint Dark Energy Mission 

JEDI Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument 

JEM PM 

Japanese Experiment Module Pressured 

Module 

JHU John Hopkins University 

JHU-APL 

Johns Hopkins University–Applied Physics 

Laboratory 

JOI Jupiter Orbit Insertion 

JPDO Joint Planning and Development Office 

JPFP 

Harriet Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship 

Program 

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory 

JSC Johnson Space Center 

JSC-WSTF 

Johnson Space Center–White Sands Test 

Facility 

JSG Joint Steering Group 

JSOST 

Joint Sub-Committee on Ocean Science 

And Technology 

JWST James Webb Space Telescope 

KaPR Ka-band Precipitation Radar 

KDP Key Decision Point Review 

KeV Kiloelectron Volts 

KHz Kilohertz 

KI Keck Interferometer 

KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute 

KSC Kennedy Space Center 

KuPR Ku precipitation radar 

kW Kilowatt 

LADEE 

Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment 

Explorer 

LAMP Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project 

LAN Local Area Network 

LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory 

LaRC Langley Research Center 

LAS Launch Abort System 

LASER 

Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration 

Research 

LASP 

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 

(University of Colorado, Boulder) 

LAT 

Large Area Telescope (Gamma-ray Large Area 

Telescope instrument)

LBT Large Binocular Telescope 

LBTI Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer 

LCC Launch Control Center 

LCC Life-Cycle-Cost 

LCCR Lunar Capability Concept Review 

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

LDCM Landsat Data Continuity Mission 

LDEX Lunar Dust EXperiment 

LEAP Low Emissions Alternative Power 

LEARN Learning Environments and Research Network

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environment Design

LEND Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector 

LEO Low Earth Orbit 

LETG Low Energy Transmission Grating 

LFI Low Frequency Instrument 

LH2 Liquid Hydrogen 

LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna 

LMM Light Microscopy Module 

LMS Launch and Mission Systems 

LN2 Liquid Nitrogen 

LOLA Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter 

LoB Lines of Business 

LOX Liquid Oxygen 

LPRP Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 

LQP Lunar Quest Program 

LRA 

Laser Retroreflector Array (Ocean Surface 

Topography Mission instrument) 

LRD Launch Readiness Date 

LRO Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 

LROC Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera 

LRR Launch Readiness Review 

LSAH Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health 

LSAM Lunar Surface Access Module 

L-SDT Lunar Science Definition Team 

LSCE 

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 

l’Environment 

LSH Life Support and Habitation 

LSP Launch Services Program 

LTP Learning Technologies Project 

LV Launch Vehicle 

LWS Living with a Star 

MA Multiple Access 

MAF Manufacturing Facility 

MAG Magnetometer 

MARDI Mars Descent Imager 

MAVEN Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN 

REF-6
Reference: Acronyms 

MASTAP 

Math Science Teacher and Curriculum 

Enhancement Program 

MCC Mission Control Center 

MCR Mission Confirmation Review 

MD Mission Directorate 

MDAO 

Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and 

Optimization 

MDCA Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus 

MDI Mission Dependency Index 

MdM Metadata Manager 

MDR Mission Design Review 

MEaSUREs 

Making Earth System data records for Use 

in Research Environments 

MECA 

Mars Environmental Compatibility 

Assessment 

MEO Most Efficient Organization 

MEP Mars Exploration Program 

MEPAG Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group 

MESSENGER 

Mercury Surface, Space Environment, 

Geochemistry and Ranging 

MET Meteorology Package 

METI 

Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry 

(Japan) 

MeV Mega Electron Volts 

MEX Mars Express 

MFMTC 

National Force Measurement Technology 

Capability 

MI Minority Institutions 

MIC Mission Integration Contract 

MIDEX Medium-Class Explorer 

Mini-RF Radiation Frequency 

MIRI 

Mid-infrared Instrument (James Webb Space 

Telescope instrument) 

MIs Minority Institutions 

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

MLP Mobile Launch Platform 

MLS Microwave Limb Sounder 

MMOD Micrometeoroid/ Orbital Debris 

MMRTG 

Multi-missions Radioisotope Thermoelectric 

Generators 

MMS Magnetospheric Multiscale 

MO Missions of Opportunity 

MO&DA Mission Operations and Data Analysis 

MOA Memorandum of Agreement 

MOE Mission Operations Element 

MoO Mission of Opportunity 

MoonROx Moon Regolith Oxygen 

MOPITT 

Measurements of Pollution in the 

Troposphere 

MOR Mission Operations Review 

MOU Memorandum of Understanding 

MPAR Major Program Annual Report 

MPE 

Max-Planck-Institut für Extra-terrestriche Physik 

(Germany) 

MPESS Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure 

MPLM Multi-Purpose Logistics Module 

MPS 

Max-Planck-Institut für 

Sonnensystemforschung 

MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 

MRM Mini Research Module 

MRR Mission Requirement Request 

MS Missions Systems 

MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center 

MSG Magnetic Spectrometer 

MSI Minority-Serving Institute 

MSL Mars Science Laboratory 

MSR Mars Sample Return 

MSRR Materials Science Research Rack 

MUREP 

Minority University Research and Education 

Program 

MUSES-C Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft–C 

MUSS Multi-User Systems and Support 

MUST 

Motivating Undergraduate in Science and 

Technology 

NAC NASA Advisory Committee 

NACC NASA Ames Conference Center 

NAFP NASA Administrator’s Fellowship Program 

NAMMA 

NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary 

Analyses 

NAPA National Academy of Public Administration 

NAR Non-Advocacy Review 

NAS National Airspace System 

NASSMC 

National Alliance of State Science and 

Mathematics Coalitions 

NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research 

NCAS NASA Contract Assurance Services 

NCI NASA Communications Improvement 

NCSER 

National Center for Space Exploration 

Research 

NEAR Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous 

NED NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database 

NEI NASA Explorer Institute 

NEN Near Earth Network 

NEO Near-Earth Object 

NEOO Near-Earth Object Observations 

NEPER NASA Education Program Evaluation Review 

NES NASA Explorer School 

NESC NASA Engineering and Safety Center 

NETS NASA Educational Technology Services 

NExT NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster 

NextGen Next Generation Air Transportation System 

NFS NASA FAR Supplement 

NG Northrop Grumman 

NGATS Next Generation Air Transportation System 

NGIMS Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer 

NGLT Next Generation Launch Technology 

NGST Northrop Grumman Space Technology 

NIA National Institute of Aerospace 

NICMOS 

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object 

Spectrometer (Hubble Space Telescope 

instrument) 

REF-7
Reference: Acronyms 

NIH National Institute for Health 

NIP New Investigator Program 

NIRCam Near-Infrared Camera 

NIRSpec Near-Infrared Spectrometer 

NISN NASA Integrated Services Network 

NIST National Institute of Science and Technology 

NIVR 

Netherlands Agency for Aerospace 

Programmees 

NLS NASA Launch Services 

NLSI NASA Lunar Science Institute 

NLT NASA Learning Technologies 

NMO NASA Management Office 

NMP New Millennium Program 

NMSU New Mexico State University 

NOAA 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration 

NOAA-N 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration - NASA 

NOFS Navigation Outage Forecast System 

NORCAT

Northern Centre for Advanced Technology, 

Inc. 

NOx Nitrogen Oxide 

NPAT National Partnership for Aeronautic Testing 

NPD NASA Policy Directive 

NPOESS 

National Polar–orbiting Operational 

Environmental Satellite System 

NPP NPOESS Preparatory Project 

NPR NASA Procedural Requirement 

NRA NASA Research Announcement 

NRC National Research Council 

NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

NRL Naval Research Laboratory 

NRO National Reconnaissance Office 

NSBRI National Space Biomedical Research Institute

NSC NASA Safety Center 

NSF National Science Foundation 

NSRL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory 

NSSC NASA Shared Services Center 

NSSDC National Space Science Data Center 

NSTA National Science Teachers Association 

NSTC National Science and Technology Council 

NSTI-MI 

NASA Science and Technology Institute for 

Minority Institutions 

NSWPC National Space Weather Program Council 

NuSTAR Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array 

NVO National Virtual Observatory 

NWP Numerical Weather Prediction 

O&SS Operations and Sustaining Support 

OA Office of Audits 

OCE Office of the Chief Engineer 

OCFO Office of Chief Financial Officer 

OCHMO 

Office of the Chief Health and Medical 

Officer 

OCIO Office of Chief Information Officer 

OCO Orbiting Carbon Observatory 

OFT Orbital Flight Test 

OGAs Other Government Agencies 

OHCM Office of Human Capital Management 

OI Office of Investigations 

OIG Office of Inspector General 

OLI 

Operational Land Imager (Landsat Data 

Continuity Mission instrument) 

OMB Office of Management and Budget 

OMC Operations Management Council 

OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument 

OMPS 

Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (NPOESS 

Preparatory Project instrument) 

OMU Other Minority Universities 

ONERA 

Office National d'Études et de Recherches 

Aérospatiales 

OPAG Outer Planets Assessment Group 

OPF Outer Planet Flagship 

OPF Orbiter Processing Facility 

OPM Office of Personnel Management 

ORR Operations Readiness Review 

OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation 

OSD Office of Secretary of Defense 

OSIRIS 

Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource 

Identification and Security 

OSMA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance 

OSPP Security and Program Protection 

OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission 

OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy 

OSTST Ocean Surface Topography Science Team 

OSU Ohio State University 

OTE Optical Telescope Element 

OVWST Ocean Vector Winds Science Team 

PAAC Program Analysis And Control 

PACS Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer

PA&E Program Analysis and Evaluation 

PAIR 

Partnership Awards for the Integration of 

Research into Undergraduate Education 

PAR Performance and Accountability Report 

PAR Program Acceptance Review 

PARASOL 

Polarization & Anisotropy of Reflectances for 

Atmospheric Sciences coupled with 

Observations from a Lidar 

PART Program Assessment Rating Tool 

PB President’s Budget 

PBR President’s Budget Request 

PBS President’s Budget Submit 

PCA Program Commitment Agreement

PCOS Physics of the Cosmos Program 

PDR Preliminary Design Review 

PDS Planetary Data System 

PDT Procurement Development Team 

P&F Particles and Fields 

PI Principal Investigator 

PIC Program Integration Contract 

PICA Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator 

REF-8
Reference: Acronyms 

PII Performance Improvement Initiative 

PIR Program Implementation Review 

PIV Personal Identification Verification 

PLM Project Lifecycle Management 

PLdB Perceived Level in decibels 

PMA President's Management Agenda 

PMC Program Management Council 

PMCs Polar Mesospheric Clouds 

PMO Program Management Office 

PMP Program Management Plan 

PMS Program Mission Support 

PNAR Preliminary Non-Advocate Review 

PNT Positioning, Navigation, and Timing 

POES Polar Operational Environmental Satellites 

PP&E Property, Plant, and Equipment 

PPAR Preliminary Program Acceptance Review 

PPBE 

Planning Programming Budget and 

Evaluation 

PPS Precipitation Processing System 

PR Precipitation Radar 

PROX Proximity Communication System 

PRV Plant Replacement Value 

PSBR Proton Spectrometer Belt Research 

PSM Program Science Management 

PSR Physical Sciences Research 

PTF Plan, Train, Fly 

PWR Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne 

QAT Quiet Aircraft Technology 

QTR Quarter 

QuickSCAT Quick Scatterometer 

R&A Research and Analysis 

R&D Research and Development 

RAC Robotic Arm Camera 

RBSP Radiation Belt Storm Probes 

RBSPICE 

Radiation Belt Science of Protons, Ions, 

Composition, and Electrons 

REASoN 

Research, Education and Applications 

Solutions Network 

REMS Rover Environmental Monitoring System 

RF Radio Frequency 

RFI Request for Information 

RFP Request for Proposal 

RHESSI 

Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar 

Spectroscopic Imager 

RI Research Institutions 

RLEP Robotic Lunar Exploration Program 

RMB Reimbursable 

RMP Risk Mitigation Phase 

RND Results Not Demonstrated 

ROA Remotely Operated Aircraft 

ROSES 

Research Opportunities in Space and Earth 

Science 

Roskomos Russian Federal Space Agency 

RPCT Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology 

RpK Rocket Plane-Kistler 

RPS Radioisotope Power System 

RPT Rocket Propulsion Testing 

RR Readiness Review 

RS Russian Segment 

RSDO Rapid Spacecraft Development Office 

RSP Radioisotope Power Systems 

RSRB Reusable Solid Rocket Booster 

RSRM Reusable Solid Rocket Motor 

RTG Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators 

RW Reaction Wheel 

RXTE Rossi X–ray Timing Explorer 

S&MA Safety and Mission Assurance 

SA Single Access 

SAA Space Act Agreement 

SAC-D 

Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas–D 

(Argentina) 

SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment 

SAIC Science Applications International Corporations

SALMON Stand Alone Missions of Opportunity 

SAM Sample Analysis at Mars 

SAMPEX 

Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle 

Explorer 

SAMS Space Acceleration Measurement System 

SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 

SAP Core Financial System Software 

SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar 

SATERN 

System for Administrative Training and 

Educational Resources for NASA 

SATS Small Aircraft Transportation System 

SAU Strategic Airspace Usage 

SBA Small Business Administration 

SBC Small Business Concern 

SBIR Small Business Innovative Research 

SBPRA Small Business Paperwork Relief Act 

SBRS Santa Barbara Remote Sensing 

SBT Space-Based Technology 

SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet 

SC Shared Capabilities 

SCaN Space Communications and Navigation 

SCAP Strategic Shared Capability Assets Program 

SCEM Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon 

SCEP-CO-OP 

Student Career Experience Program 

Cooperative 

SCFO Space Flight Crew Operations 

SCIP 

Space Communications Constellation 

Integration Project 

SCM 

Search Coil Magnetometer (Thermal Emission 

Imaging System instrument) 

SCP Space Communications Program 

SDL Space Dynamics Laboratory 

SDLC System Development Life Cycle 

SDO Solar Dynamics Observatory 

SDR System Design Review 

REF-9
Reference: Acronyms 

SDSC Satish Dhawan Space Center 

SDT Science Definition Team 

SEC Sun–Earth Connection 

SE&I System Engineering and Integration 

SELENE 

Selenological and Engineering Explorer 

(Japan) 

SEMAA 

Science Engineering Mathematics 

Aerospace Academy 

SES Senior Executive Service 

SESFA 

Space Environments Simulation Facilities 

Alliance 

SET Space Environmental Spacecraft 

SETI Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence 

SEWP Solutions for Enterprise-Wide Procurement 

SFS Space and Flight Support 

SFW Subsonic Fixed Wing 

SGSS 

Space Network Ground Segment 

Sustainment 

SHERE 

Shear History Extensional Rheology 

Experiment 

SHFH Space Human Factors and Habitability 

SHM Scalar Helium Magnetometer 

SIG Systems Integration Group 

SIM Space Interferometry Mission 

SIMBAD 

Set of Identifications, Measurements, and 

Bibliography for Astronomical Data 

SIR System Integration Review 

SIRTF Space Infrared Telescope Facility 

SLI Student Launch Initiative 

SLR Satellite Laser Ranging 

SM-4 Servicing Mission–4 

SMA Safety and Mission Assurance 

SMAP Soil Moisture Active and Passive 

SMC/TEL 

Space and Mission Command/Test and 

Evaluation Directorate 

SMD Science Mission Directorate 

SMEX Small Explorer 

SMOR 

Science Management Operations Review 

Team 

SMOV Servicing Mission Orbital Verification 

SMP Software Management Plan 

SMS Safety and Mission Success 

SN Space Network 

SNI Simultaneous, non-interfering 

SNSB Swedish National Space Board 

SOAREX 

Sub-Orbital Aerodynamic Re-entry 

Experiment 

SOC Security Operations Center 

SOC Solar Orbiter Collaboration 

SOFIA 

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared 

Astronomy 

SOHO Solar Heliospheric Observer 

SOMD Space Operations Mission Directorate

SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment 

SORT SOFIA Options Review Team 

SpaceX Space Exploration and Technology 

SPC Solar Orbiter Collaboration 

SPD Space Product Development 

SPDF Space Physics Data Facility 

SPDM Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulater 

SPF Software Production Facility 

SPIRE Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver 

SPL Solar Probe Lite 

SPOC Space Program Operations Contract 

SPoRT 

Short-term Prediction Research and Transition 

Center 

SR Senior Review 

SR Space Radiation 

SRB Solid Rocket Booster 

SRB Standing Review Board 

SRD Systems Requirements Document 

SRG Stirling Radioisotope Generator 

SRLI Surgical Research Laboratory, Inc. 

SRR System Requirement Review 

SRU Stellar Reference Unit 

SRW Subsonic Rotary Wing 

SS Steady State 

SSC Stennis Space Center 

SSE Solar System Exploration 

SSME Space Shuttle Main Engines 

SSP Space Shuttle Program 

SSS Sea Surface Salinity 

SST 

Solid State Telescope (Thermal Emission 

Imaging System instrument) 

ST Space Technology 

STATIC SupraThermal And Thermal Ion Composition 

STaR Shuttle Transition and Retirement 

STEM 

Science, Technology, Engineering, and 

Mathematics 

STEREO Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory 

STI Scientific and Technical Information 

STIS 

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph 

(Hubble Space Telescope instrument) 

STOCC Space Telescope Operations Control Center 

STOL Short take-off and landing 

STP Solar Terrestrial Probes 

STS Space Transportation System 

STScI Space Telescope Science Institute 

STSS Space Tracking Surveillance System 

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer Program 

SVA Strategic Vehicle Architecture 

SVD System Vulnerability Detection 

SwRI Southwest Research Institute 

SXS Soft X-ray Spectrometer 

T2 Technology transfer 

TA Technical Authority 

TAA Technology Assistance Agreements 

TBD To Be Determined 

TBM Time-based metering 

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Reference: Acronyms 

TCU Tribal Colleges and Universities 

TDRS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite 

TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System 

TE Technical Excellence 

TEGA Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer 

THEMIS 

Time History of Events and Macroscale 

Interactions during Substorms 

TIM Total Irradiance Monitor (Glory instrument) 

TIMED 

Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, 

Energetics and Dynamics 

TIMS Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner 

TIRS Thermal Infrared Sensor 

TLI Trans-Lunar Injection 

TMC Technical, Management and Cost 

TM Technical Monitors 

TMI TRMM Microwave Imager 

T-NAR Technology Non-Advocate Review 

TNO TPD 

Netherlands Organization for Applied 

Scientific Research - Institute of Applied 

Physics 

TOC Test Operations Contract 

TO Thrust Oscillation 

TOF Time of Flight 

TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer 

TOMS-EP 

Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer - Earth 

Probe 

TOPEX Topographic Experiment for ocean circulation 

TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder 

TPS Thermal Protection System 

T&R Transition and Retirement 

TRACE Transition Region and Coronal Explorer 

TRL Technology Readiness Level 

TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 

TSDIS TRMM Science Data and Information System 

TTA Technical Task Agreement 

TT&C Flight Tracking Telemetry and Command 

TVC Thermal Vacuum Chambers 

TWINS 

Two Wide–angle Imaging Neutral–atom 

Spectrometers 

UAS Uninhabited Air Systems 

UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 

UAZ University of Arizona 

UCLA University of California at Los Angeles 

UEET Ultra–efficient Engine Technology 

UI University of Iowa 

ULA United Launch Alliance 

ULDB Ultra Long Duration Balloon 

ULF Utilization and Logistics Flight 

UNCFSP 

United Negro College Fund Special 

Programs 

UNESCO 

United Nations Educational, Scientific and 

Cultural Organization 

UNITeS 

Unified NASA Information Technology 

Services 

UPS Uninterruptible power supply 

URC University Research Center 

URETI 

University Research Engineering, and 

Technology Institute 

USA United Space Alliance 

USAF United States Air Force 

USAID 

United States Agency for International 

Development 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

USOS United States Orbital Segment 

USRA Universities Space Research Association 

USRP Undergraduate Student Research Project 

UTD University of Texas at Dallas 

UTMB University of Texas Medical Branch 

UV Ultraviolet 

UVS UV Spectrometer 

VAB Vehicle Assembly Building 

VAMS Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation 

VAO Virtual Astronomical Observatory 

VCAMS Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitoring 

VCL Vegetation Canopy Lidar 

VExAG Venus Exploration Analysis Group 

VI Vehicle Integration 

VIIRS 

Visible-Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite 

(NPOESS Preparatory Project instrument) 

VIR Visible and Infrared mapping spectrometer 

VSE Vision for Space Exploration

VSP Vehicle Systems Program 

VST Vehicle Safety Technologies 

WATR Western Aeronautical Test Range 

WAVES Radio and Plasma Waves Instrument (Wind) 

WCF Working Capital Fund 

WFC-3 

Wide Field Camera–3 (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and 

Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations 

instrument) 

WISE Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 

WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 

WRS Water Recovery System 

WSC White Sands Complex 

WST Weather Safety Technologies 

WSTF White Sands Test Facility 

XRT X-Ray Telescope 

XMM 

X-ray Multi-mirror Mission (Newton 

Observatory) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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