# Patent

## Title
Data security system with encryption

## Abstract

A data security system is provided that includes: verifying the user by providing user identification to retrieve an authentication key; employing the authentication key for retrieving an encryption key; and employing the encryption key for allowing unencrypted communication through a storage subsystem between a host computer system and a storage media.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/975,814 filed Sep. 27, 2007, and the subject matter thereof is incorporated herein by reference thereto.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to electronic devices, and more particularly to memory devices.
BACKGROUND ART
Security is a critical issue with almost all aspects of computer use. Storage media, such as hard disk drives attached to computers, contain valuable information, which is vulnerable to data theft. A great deal of money and effort is being applied to guarding personal, corporate, and government security information.
As portable memory storage devices have become smaller, easier to lose, more ubiquitous, cheaper, and larger in memory capacity, they have come to pose extraordinary security problems. It is now possible to download massive amounts of information surreptitiously into portable memory storage devices, such as universal serial bus flash and micro drives, cellphones, camcorders, digital cameras, iPODs, MP3/4 players, smart phones, palm and laptop computers, gaming equipment, authenticators, tokens (containing memory), etc.—in general, a mass storage device (MSD).
More specifically, there are millions of MSDs being used for backup, transfer, intermediate storage, and primary storage into which information can be easily downloaded from a computer and carried away. The primary purpose of any MSD is to store and retrieve “portable content,” which is data and information tied to a particular owner not a particular computer.
The most common means of providing storage security is to authenticate the user with a computer-entered password. A password is validated against a MSD stored value. If a match occurs, the drive will open. Or, the password itself is used as the encryption key to encrypt/decrypt data stored to the MSD.
For drives that support on-the-fly encryption, the encryption key is often stored on the media in an encrypted form. Since the encryption key is stored on the media, it becomes readily available to those willing to circumvent the standard interface and read the media directly. Thus, a password is used as the key to encrypt the encryption key.
For self-authenticating drives, their authentication sub-system is responsible for maintaining security. There is no dependency on a host computer to which it is connected. Thus, a password cannot (or need not) be sent from the host in order to unlock the MSD. In fact, the encryption key no longer needs to be stored on the media. The authentication subsystem becomes the means for managing encryption keys.
Thus, a need still remains for improved security. In view of the ever-increasing commercial competitive pressures, along with growing consumer expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it is critical that answers be found for these problems. Additionally, the need to reduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet competitive pressures, adds an even greater urgency to the critical necessity for finding answers to these problems.
Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior developments have not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus, solutions to these problems have long eluded those skilled in the art.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a data security system that includes: verifying the user against an authentication key; employing the authentication key for retrieving an encryption key; and employing the encryption key for allowing unencrypted communication through a storage subsystem between a host computer system and a storage media.
Certain embodiments of the invention have other aspects in addition to or in place of those mentioned above. The aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the following detailed description when taken with reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a data security system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of an authentication key delivery method used with the data security system;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of different systems for the user to interact with the data security system;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of how the user can employ the host computer system to interact with a data security system; and
FIG. 5 is a data security method for the data security system.



BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The following embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments would be evident based on the present disclosure, and that system, process, or mechanical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In order to avoid obscuring the present invention, some well-known circuits, system configurations, and process steps are not disclosed in detail.
Likewise, the drawings showing embodiments of the system are semi-diagrammatic and not to scale and, particularly, some of the dimensions are for the clarity of presentation and are shown exaggerated in the drawing FIGs. Similarly, although the views in the drawings for ease of description generally show similar orientations, this depiction in the FIGs. is arbitrary for the most part. Generally, the invention can be operated in any orientation.
The term “system” as used herein refers to and is defined as the method and as the apparatus of the present invention in accordance with the context in which the term is used. The term “method” as used herein refers to and is defined as the operational steps of an apparatus.
For reasons of convenience and not limitation, the term “data security system” is defined as meaning any portable memory device incorporating a storage medium. The term “storage media” as used herein refers to and is defined as any solid state, NAND Flash, and/or magnetic data recording system. The term “locked” refers to the data security system when the storage media is not accessible and the term “unlocked” refers to the data security system when the storage media is accessible.
There are generally two methods to make a storage device tamper resistant:

    
    
        1. Apply epoxy to components—an epoxy resin applied to the printed circuit board can make it difficult to disassemble the storage device without destroying storage media.
        2. Encrypt memory data—data gets encrypted as it is written to the storage media and an encryption key is required to decipher the data.
    
    


Referring now to FIG. 1, therein is shown a schematic of a data security system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The data security system 100 consists of an external communication channel 102, an authentication subsystem 104, and a storage subsystem 106.
The storage subsystem 106 is electronic circuitry that includes an interface controller 108, an encryption engine 110, and a storage media 112.
The interface controller 108 includes electronic components such as a microcontroller with a software or hardwired encryption engine 110, although the encryption engine 110 can be in a separate controller in the storage subsystem 106.
The authentication subsystem 104 is electronic circuitry that includes an authentication controller 114, such as a micro-controller, which may have its own non-volatile memory, such as an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM).
The external communication channel 102 provides a means of exchanging data with a host computer system 120. Universal Serial Bus (USB) is one of the most popular means to connect the data security system 100 to the host computer system 120. Other examples of the external communication channel 102 include Firewire, wireless USB, Serial ATA (SATA), and wireless networks.
The interface controller 108 is capable of translating USB packet data to data that can be written to the storage media 112 in a USB Flash Drive.
The encryption engine 110 is implemented as part of the interface controller 108 and takes clear text and/or data (information) from the host computer system 120 and converts it to an encrypted form that is written to the MSD or storage media 112. The encryption engine 110 also converts encrypted information from the storage media 112 and decrypts it to clear information for the host computer system 120
An encryption key 116 is required by the encryption engine 110 to encrypt/decrypt the information. The encryption key 116 is used in an algorithm (e.g., a 256 bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption) that respectively encrypts/decrypts the data by an encryption algorithm to render data unreadable or readable. The encryption key 116 can be stored either internally or externally to the authentication controller 114.
The encryption key 116 is transmitted to the encryption engine 110 by the authentication subsystem 104 once a user 122, having an identification number or key, has been verified against an authentication key 118.
It has been discovered that, by the employment of the authentication key 118 and the encryption key 116, portable memory storage devices of the various embodiments of the present invention can be provide an extremely high level of security previously not available in such devices.
When the data security system 100 is locked, the authentication key 118 remains inside the authentication subsystem 104 and cannot be read from outside. One method of hiding the authentication key 118 is to store it in the authentication controller 114 in the authentication subsystem 104. Setting the security fuse of the authentication controller 114 makes it impossible to access the authentication key 118 unless the authentication controller 114 allows retrieval once the user 122 has been verified. Many micro-controllers come equipped with a security fuse that prevents accessing any internal memory when blown. This is a well-known and widely used security feature. Such a micro-controller could be used for the authentication controller 114. The authentication controller 114 can be a micro-controller or microprocessor.
The authentication key 118 can be used as in several capacities:

    
    
        1. As the encryption key 116 to encrypt/decrypt the information directly.
        2. As a key to recover the encryption key 116 stored in the data security system 100 that can be accessed by the interface controller 108.
        3. Used for direct comparison by the interface controller 108 to activate the external communication channel 102.
    
    


Referring now to FIG. 2, therein is shown an illustration of an authentication key delivery method used with the data security system 100. In this illustration, the authentication key 118 and the encryption key 116 are one and the same. The encryption engine 110 employs the authentication key 118 as the encryption key 116.
The user 122 must interact with the authentication subsystem 104 by providing user identification 202, a number or key, to the authentication subsystem 104. The authentication subsystem 104 validates the user 122 against the authentication key 118. The authentication subsystem 104 then transmits the authentication key 118 as the encryption key 116 to the interface controller 108.
The encryption engine 110 in the interface controller 108 employs the authentication key 118 to convert clear information to encrypted information and encrypted information to clear information along a channel 206. Any attempt to read encrypted information from the storage media 112 without the encryption key 116 will generally result in information that is unusable by any computer.
Referring now to FIG. 3, therein is shown an illustration of different systems for the user 122 to interact with a data security system 300.
In one authentication system, a RF (radio frequency) transmitter 302 is employed to transmit RF user identification 304 to an RF receiver 306 in an authentication subsystem 310. The authentication subsystem 310 includes the authentication controller 114, which is connected to the interface controller 108 in the storage subsystem 106. The FR user identification 304 is supplied to the RF receiver 306 within the authentication system 310 by the RF transmitter 302 from outside the data storage subsystem 106 of the data security system 300.
The authentication subsystem 310 validates the user 122 against the authentication key 118 by a code sent from the RF transmitter 302 being validated against the authentication key 118. The authentication subsystem 310 then transmits the encryption key 116 to the interface controller 108 across a channel 308.
The encryption engine 110 then employs the encryption key 116 to convert clear information to encrypted information and encrypted information to clear information along the channel 206. Any attempt to read encrypted information from the storage media 112 without the encryption key 116 will result in information that is unusable by the host computer system 120.
In a second authentication mechanism, the authentication subsystem 310 validates the user 122 against the authentication key 118 by having the user 122 employ a biometric sensor 320 to supply a biometric input 322 to verify his/her identity as an authorized user. Types of biometric identification include a fingerprint, an iris scan, a voice imprint, etc.
In a third authentication mechanism, The authentication subsystem 310 validates the user 122 against the authentication key 118 by having the user 122 employ an electro-mechanical input mechanism 330 to supply a unique code 332 to verify his/her identity as an authorized user. The unique code 332 can include a numerical, alphanumeric, or alphabetic code, such as a PIN. The electro-mechanical input mechanism 330 is within the authentication subsystem 310. The electro-mechanical input mechanism 330 receives the unique code 332 from the user 122 from outside of the data security system 300. The unique code 332 is supplied tot the electro-mechanical input mechanism 330 within the authentication subsystem 310 from outside the data storage subsystem 106 of the data security system 300.
No matter which method is used to validate the user 122, the authentication key 118 and the encryption key 116 remain hidden until the user 122 is authenticated.
Referring now to FIG. 4, therein shows an illustration of how the user 122 can employ the host computer system 120 to interact with a data security system 400.
The host computer system 120 is provided with a host application 402. The host application 402 is a software program, which communicates over the external communication channel 102 of the data security system 400.
The host application 402 delivers host identifiers 406, such as internal component serial numbers (e.g. hard drive), media access control (MAC) address of a network card, login name of the user, network Internet Protocol (IP) address, an ID created by the data security system and saved to the host, an ID created by the data security system and saved to the network, etc., associated with its environment. The host identifiers 406 are employed by an authentication subsystem 408 in the data security system 400.
When the authentication subsystem 408 validates the user 122 against the authentication key 118 by verifying the host identifiers 406, the data security system 400 will unlock.
For example, the user 122 connects a locked data security system 400 to the host computer system 120. The host application 402 sends the MAC address of its network card to the locked data security system 400. The locked data security system 400 recognizes this MAC address as legitimate and unlocks without the user 122 of FIG. 1 having to enter user identification. This is implementation does not require any interaction with the user 122. In this case, it is the host computer system 120 and its associated environment that are being validated.
The data security system 400 includes: providing the authentication key 118 stored in the authentication subsystem 104; providing verification of the host computer system 120 by the authentication subsystem 104; presenting the encryption key 116 to the storage subsystem 106 by the authentication subsystem 104; and providing access to the storage media 112 by the storage subsystem 106 by way of decrypting the storage media content.
The data security system further includes the authentication subsystem 104 for interpretation of biometric input and verification of the user 122.
The data security system further includes using the authentication key 118 as the encryption key 116 directly.
The data security system further includes using the authentication key 118 to decrypt and retrieve the encryption key 116 used to decipher internal content.
The data security system further includes the authentication subsystem 104 for interpretation of RF signal inputs and verification of sending unit.
The data security system further includes the authentication subsystem 104 for interpretation of manually entered input and verification of the user 122.
The data security system further includes the authentication subsystem 104 for interpretation of input sent by a host resident software application for verification of the host computer system 120.
The data security system as further includes the encryption engine 110 outside the interface controller 108 but connected to the external communication channel 102 for the purpose of converting clear data to encrypted data for unlocking the data security system 100.
Referring now to FIG. 5, therein is shown a data security method 500 for the data security system 100. The data security method 500 includes; verifying the user against an authentication key in a block 502; employing the authentication key for retrieving an encryption key in a block 504; and employing the encryption key for allowing unencrypted communication through a storage subsystem between a host computer system and a storage media in a block 506.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific best mode, it is to be understood that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the included claims. All matters set forth herein or shown in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted in an illustrative and non-limiting sense.

## Claims

1. A data security method comprising:
verifying a user identification against an authentication key, the user identification supplied from outside a data security system to an electro-mechanical input mechanism or a radio frequency receiver within an electronic authentication subsystem of a portable memory device having flash memory;
employing the authentication key for retrieving an encryption key, the authentication key only accessible from inside the electronic authentication subsystem; and
employing the encryption key for allowing unencrypted communication through the storage subsystem between a host computer system and a storage media of the portable memory device having flash memory, the encryption key received from the electronic authentication subsystem by an encryption engine of the storage subsystem for decrypting the storage subsystem.

2. The data security method as claimed in claim 1 wherein employing the authentication key retrieves the authentication key as the encryption key.

3. The data security method as claimed in claim 1 wherein verifying the user includes employing a radio frequency transmitter and the radio frequency receiver for providing the user identification.

4. The data security method as claimed in claim 1 wherein verifying the user includes employing the electro-mechanical input mechanism for receiving an alphanumeric code as the user identification.

5. The data security method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the verifying the user includes employing the host computer system to provide host identifier as the user identification.

6. The data security method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising connecting the host computer system to the electronic authentication subsystem.

7. The data security method as claimed in claim 6 wherein employing the electronic authentication subsystem includes employing an authentication controller having the host computer system provide host identifier as the user identification for employing the authentication key as the encryption key.

8. The data security method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising employing a radio frequency transmitter for sending user identification to the electronic authentication subsystem having the radio frequency receiver for receiving the user identification.

9. The data security method as claimed in claim 6 wherein employing the authentication key includes employing an authentication controller for hiding the authentication key.

10. The data security method as claimed in claim 6 wherein employing the encryption key includes employing the storage subsystem for storing the encryption key.

11. A data security system comprising:
an electronic authentication subsystem for verifying a user identification against an authentication key and for employing the authentication key for retrieving an encryption key, the authentication key only accessible from inside the electronic authentication subsystem, and the user identification supplied from outside the data security system to an electro-mechanical input mechanism or a radio frequency receiver within the electronic authentication subsystem of a portable memory device having flash memory; and
a storage subsystem, including a storage media of the portable memory device having flash memory, employing the encryption key for allowing unencrypted communication through a storage subsystem between a host computer system and the storage media, the encryption key received from the electronic authentication subsystem by an encryption engine of the storage subsystem, and the encryption key for decrypting the storage subsystem.

12. The data security system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes an authentication controller for employing the authentication key as the encryption key.

13. The data security system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes the radio frequency receiver for receiving the user identification.

14. The data security system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes the electro-mechanical input mechanism for receiving an alphanumeric code as the user identification.

15. The data security system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes an authentication controller.

16. The data security system as claimed in claim 11 further comprising a host computer system.

17. The data security system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes an authentication controller for employing the host computer system to provide host identifier as the user identification for employing the authentication key as the encryption key.

18. The data security system as claimed in claim 16 further comprising a radio frequency transmitter for the sending user identification to the electronic authentication subsystem having the radio frequency receiver for receiving the user identification.

19. The data security system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the electronic authentication subsystem includes an authentication controller for hiding the authentication key.

20. The data security system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the storage subsystem contains the encryption key for allowing communication through the storage subsystem to the storage media.