Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY 

SUBCOMMITTEE REPORT
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY SUBCOMMITTEE

Membership

Chair: 

• General Lester Lyles (USAF, ret.)

DFO: 

• James J. Miller

Members:

• Tory Bruno

• Mary Lynne Dittmar

• Marillyn Hewson

• The Honorable Kay Ivey (Governor of 

Alabama)

• Dennis Muilenburg

• Fatih Ozmen

• Gwynne Shotwell 

• Eric Stallmer

• David Thompson

• Pamela Vaughan

• Kathy Warden

• Stuart Witt
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY SUBCOMMITTEE

Scope

• Focus 

• “Assess current efforts and identify areas for further work by NASA on 

defining a Lunar exploration architecture to accelerate the return of 

Americans to the Moon ... Depending on information provided by NASA, 

consider recommending an independent evaluation of the lunar 

exploration architecture ...”

• Approach

• “... the UAG will form a temporary special Task Force to assess the NASA 

architecture approach ... to illuminate and understand the following”

a. NASA’s specific vision and goals to return Americans to the Moon by 2024

b. Assumptions and alternatives examined 

c. Target features and elements included in the architecture

d. Notional 2024 campaign

e. Acquisition strategy and timelines 

f. Risk factors and potential mitigations
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY SUBCOMMITTEE

Activities

Numerous meetings and telecons with NASA to prepare for a UAG 

Task Force meeting(s)

• .. determine Task Force membership

• .. determine need for a ‘Non-Disclosure Agreement’

• .. determine briefing content
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY SUBCOMMITTEE

Final Work Plan

Ask NASA to brief the entire E&D Subcommittee to address the 

items requested in the Terms of Reference

• ... allow E&D Subcommittee members to ask questions related to the 

items briefed – but, not get into proprietary information, or ongoing 

source selection information

• ... if there are specific questions or concerns raised that may involve such 

information, convene a subset of the E&D subcommittee (preferably 

UAG / SGE members) to discuss details with NASA to address these 

questions.
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY SUBCOMMITTEE

Topics of Focus

• Complete TASK FORCE - Terms of Reference

• .. brief assessment of the 2024 Lunar Architecture to the full UAG

• .. brief 2024 Lunar Architecture to the National Space Council

• Review ‘Regulatory and Policy’ recommendations from the NASA 

Advisory Council 

• .. for information of the UAG, or 

• .. for possible endorsement to the NSpC
Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

OUTREACH & EDUCATION

SUBCOMMITTEE REPORT
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE

Membership

Chair:

• Col. Eileen Collins (USAF, Ret.)

DFO:

• John Gaine

Members:

• Homer Hickam 

• Fred Klipsch 

• Pamela Vaughan 

• Mandy Vaughn 

• Stuart Witt
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Scope

Mission Statement

• To explore and recommend ways to improve our country’s education system in 

an effort to strengthen technical expertise which will allow the United States to 

retain its preeminent global space programs.

• To collaborate with space program stakeholders to insure the National Space 

Council has access to the information and conditions that contribute to strong 

United States leadership in space. The subcommittee will chronicle the 

interactions between its members and the stakeholder community. 
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Summary Of Activities

Activities since April 2019 Meeting:

• July 17: National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)

• Focused on secondary education issues

• July 18: Supported Purdue University UAG event

• Aug 1: Lewis-Burke: The NASA-University Enterprise

• Focused on government-university collaboration

• Sep 18: Committee review/discuss/prepare findings and recommendations

• Oct 10: Office of Science and Technology Policy and NASA Office of STEM 

Engagement

• Administration focus on five year STEM education plan
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Recommendation 

We recommend the National Space 

Council write a Space Policy Directive 

concerning STEM education in the United 

States with the intent to prepare the future 

space industry workforce.
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTE 

National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) 

Findings: 

1. Lack of quality and quantity of educators in STEM field

2. Slipping in ability of students to apply new concepts

3. Lack of trained employees to fill current available workforce 

positions in the space industry

4. Space is a great motivator: upcoming Artemis program, 

Space Force and Commercial Crew
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Lewis-Burke: The NASA-University Enterprise

• Discussed numerous examples of government-university collaboration

• Findings: 

5. The successful NASA-university collaboration can be used as a 

model for other government agencies to emulate.
Charting a Course For Success: America’s Strategy For 

STEM Education

Released: December 2018

• A report by the Committee on STEM Education of the National Science 

& Technology Council (OSTP)

• https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/STEMEducation-Strategic-Plan-2018.pdf
Goals of the OSTP STEM Education Plan

Plan Vision Statement

All Americans will have lifelong access to high-quality STEM education and the United States will be 

the global leader in STEM literacy, innovation, and employment.

Prepare the 

STEM 

Workforce 

for the Future

Increase 

Diversity, 

Equity, and 

Inclusion in 

STEM

Build Strong 

Foundations 

for STEM 

Literacy
Agency Participation

• Department of Agriculture

• Department of Commerce

• Department of Defense

• Department of Education

• Department of Energy

• Department of Health and 

Human Services

• Department of the Interior

• Department of Labor

• Department of State

• Department of 

Transportation

• Environmental Protection 

Agency

• National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration

• National Science Foundation

• Smithsonian Institute
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Aligning to Administration Commitments

• The Presidential Cybersecurity Education Award will be presented for the first time in 

the spring 2020 to recognize great teachers in this fast growing STEM field.

• $123 million was awarded in September 2019 to 41 school districts, nonprofits, and state 

educational agencies encouraging grantees to “Rethink Education”, 85% of funding 

focused on STEM or specifically on computer science.

• Through the President’s newly established, National Council for the American Worker, 

more than 300 companies and organizations have pledged to expand programs that 

educate, train, and reskill American workers from high school age to near retirement.

• President Trump signed the reauthorization of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 

Technical Education Act to support career and technical education programs for 

American students.

• In June 2017, President Trump signed a presidential memorandum directing the 

Department of Education to make STEM and computer science education a top 

priority and set a goal of devoting at least $200 million per year toward STEM 

education. In FY 2018, the Department spent $279 million in discretionary STEM grants.
OUTREACH & EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Recommendation 

We recommend the National Space 

Council write a Space Policy Directive 

concerning STEM education in the United 

States with the intent to prepare the future 

space industry workforce.
Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

SPACE POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL 

ENGAGEMENT SUBCOMMITTEE 

REPORT
SPACE POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT 

Membership

Chair: Dr. David Wolf

DFO: Neal Newman

Members:

Col. Buzz Aldrin (USAF, Ret.)

Dean Cheng 

Mary Lynne Dittmar

Adm. James Ellis, Jr. (USN, Ret.)

Fred Klipsch

Col. Pamela Melroy (USAF, Ret.)

Dennis Muilenburg

Eric Stallmer
SPACE POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT 

Scope

The SPIE has been tasked to:

“Provide findings and recommendations on how the U.S. can most 

effectively continue to lead international space efforts so as to advance both 

U.S. national and ally/partner interests, broadly construed. In particular, 

address how the U.S. should respond to growing international and 

potentially adversarial space capabilities.”
SPACE POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

Summary Of Activities

Since the last UAG meeting, the “SPIE” subcommittee has focused on the following;

• Obtaining approval of Finalized Terms of Reference

• Acquiring initial background material (Dept. of State / United Nations -

related)

• Briefed by the Dept. of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and 

Compliance (Eric Desautels), on U.S. efforts with the UN Office of 

Disarmament Affairs, Conference on Disarmament (CD), in developing 

international recommendations for Transparency and Confidence Building 

Measures in Outer Space Activities (UN TCBM’s) 

• Reviewing work by the Dept. of State, Bureau of Oceans and International 

Environmental and Scientific Affairs, efforts with the UN Committee on the 

Peaceful Use of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) in enhancing the Guidelines for 

the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities.

• Initial Observation - although voluntary, these form comprehensive and 

effective norms of advantage to National Security, Commercial, and Civil / 

Exploration Space
SPACE POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT 

Topics Of Focus

We anticipate public discussion on how these and other measures:

• Become fully adopted by the UN

• Need adjustment as implementation of the Space Policy Directives (SPD’s) 

progress

• Although “voluntary” 

• Contribute to advancing an attractive and globally inclusive Space Enterprise

• Prevent adversarial and hostile uses of outer space (in favor of the above)

• Promote “norms of behavior” promoting peaceful high value uses of Space by 

the international community as opposed to adversarial purposes 

• Mitigate the vulnerabilities, promote verification, and defeat deception 

• Establish references to determine response to adversarial space activity

• Prevent unintended negative consequences (misperceptions...)

• Our subcommittee is open to suggestions from the public hq-uag@mail.nasa.gov
Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

NATIONAL SECURITY

SUBCOMMITTEE REPORT
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE

Membership

Chair: 

• Adm. James Ellis, Jr., USN (Ret.)

DFO: 

• Jolene Meidinger

Members:

• Tory Bruno

• Dr. Dean Cheng

• Tim Ellis

• Marillyn Hewson

• Gen. Lester Lyles (USAF, Ret.)

• Col. Pamela Melroy (USAF, Ret.)

• Dennis Muilenburg

• Fatih Ozmen

• Dr. Eric Schmidt

• The Hon. Harrison Schmitt

• Gwynne Shotwell

• Dr. Bob Smith

• Mandy Vaughn

• Kathy Warden

• Stuart Witt
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE 

Scope

The scope of national security space issues within the purview of 

the Subcommittee includes:

• Reviewing national security considerations relevant to National Space 

Policy and National Security Space Strategy including: 

• Space systems, space capabilities, and space architecture

• Future national security space requirements

• System resiliency, robustness, and interoperability 

• Interagency collaboration/cooperation

• The evolving national security space threat environment

• Making recommendations on national security considerations to the 

UAG affecting coordination, cooperation, and technology and 

information exchange among the civil, national security, commercial, and 

international space sectors

• Assisting other UAG subcommittees in reviewing classified elements 

within the scope of their efforts
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE 

Activities

• Members of the National Security Subcommittee of the UAG 

received a classified informational briefing from the Office of the 

Secretary of defense on the status of preparations to establish a 

United States Space Force when approved by Congress and in full 

compliance with the law

• Briefers included: Deputy Secretary of Defense Stephen Kitay, 

Planning Task Force lead Major General Clint Crozier, and 

participating representatives from OSD, the Intelligence 

Community (IC), and the Joint Staff
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE

Space Force Discussion Areas

• Part I – Strategic Context 

• Strategic Environment

• Problem Statement

• A New Approach

• Part II – United States Space Force

• Role and Mission of the Space Force 

• Functions and Authorities of the Space Force 

• Organization of the Space Force

• Key Relationships

• Transition Plan 

• Personnel and Budget Summary
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE 

Key Takeaways (Unclassified)

• Focus is on real warfighting capabilities

• Space systems are increasingly important and increasingly vulnerable

• Must protect critical infrastructure

• Must guard against unnecessary bureaucracy

• Must be capable AND cost effective

• Operates within the Department of the Air Force (akin to 

DON/USMC)

• DoD is ready pending Congressional approval and consistent with law

• Incremental approach from 2020 to 2025 

• DoD welcomes UAG review after legislation on establishment is 

approved
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE 

Potential UAG Areas Of Exploration from 2019 Schriever Space Wargame

• Schriever Wargame remains an incredibly valuable forum for improving the integration of the 

commercial space sector into realistic U.S. and allied military planning and operations 

• There were numerous lessons-learned from this year’s wargame, with a few overarching 

themes noted below:

• Commercial Participation: It remains highly advantageous to U.S. military space interests to 

continue leveraging robust commercial participation in the Schriever Wargames 

• Commercial Integration: Truly integrated and combined force planning and operations could be 

more “holistic” and reflect the reality that a preponderance of space orbital assets are commercial 

versus government “owned” 

• Capabilities and Innovation: The rate of development of new commercial capabilities - such as 

satellite communications, geospatial information, responsive launch and commercial on-orbit 

operations - challenged the ability of military planners to evaluate and incorporate them into U.S. 

and combined force operations 

• Business Motivations and Imperatives: The Wargame demonstrated how critically the commercial 

sector relies on military security and safety to conduct global business in and through the “space 

commons” 

• Advance Planning: Advance planning and implementation will greatly improve commercial-military 

integration and operations. This advance planning should extend beyond the U.S. military, to 

include “whole of government participation” and allied participants, many of whom oversee or 

field their own commercial space capabilities.
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE 

Recommendation

The UAG National Security Subcommittee supports a “whole of 

government” approach to ensure that commercial entities are well 

understood, integrated and leveraged into war fighting planning and 

doctrinal debate. This only becomes more important as we embark 

on the creation of the Space Force – this whole of government 

discussion may result in suggested changes to authorities for the new 

acquisition process and personnel, requirements definition and 

possibly planning and budgeting guidance or legislation to ensure the 

Space Force provides the war fighter with the appropriate spacebased or space-“backed” services our cutting edge technological 

warfighters and systems require to project lethal force.
NATIONAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTE 

Topics Of Focus

• Assigned

• Assess and recommend options for the organizational structure of the 

uniformed Space Force, to include a future Department of the Space 

Force. In addition to implementation timelines, authorities, and skills 

required, areas of potential consideration include organizational / 

functional relationships, rank structure, officer/enlisted ratios, and other 

personnel considerations. The UAG would have necessary information 

and access, as appropriate, to the Department of Defense and other 

relevant organizations.

• Proposed

• Appropriately participate in the growing number of venues, including 

classified, focusing on National Security Space. Use these opportunities 

to gather perspectives, identify potential issues, and provide inputs to 

the National Space Council.

• Working with other UAG Subcommittees, consider the issues that may 

lie at the seams of national security and commercial /civil space
Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 

SUBCOMMITTEE REPORT
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE

Membership

Chair: Col Pamela Melroy (USAF, ret)

DFO: Taylor Weeks

Members:

Dean Cheng

Tim Ellis

The Hon. Kay Ivey

Gen Lester Lyles (USAF, ret)

Fatih Ozmen

Dr. Eric Schmidt

Harrison Schmitt

David Wolf, M.D.
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE

Scope

•Reviewing new technologies and new applications of 

technology, as well as business innovation practices and 

new business models, and 

• Making recommendations relevant to these topics on 

national policy, technology and operations architectures, 

and inter-department and agency coordination.
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE

Summary Of Activities

• Held 4 administrative/preparatory telecons to develop Terms 

of Reference, identify potential topics of focus, and develop a 

work plan 

• Distributed available technology roadmaps for 

awareness/review

• Held one-on-one discussions between chair and individual 

members to refine issues
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE

Topics of Focus

• Space technology roadmap review. Review U.S. Government department 

and agencies space technology roadmaps to uncover synergies, overlaps, 

and inconsistencies that could be better aligned for national impact

• Space data as a U.S. government capability vs buying as a service: 

Evaluate and recommend best practices for U.S government on owning 

data capability vs buying data commercially (Earth Observation, Space 

Situational Awareness, weather). Discussion initially focused on Space 

Situational Awareness as this will support SPD-3, National Space Traffic 

Management Policy. White paper with recommendations for each data 

area as outcome to include findings and recommendations.
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Topics of Focus

Space technology roadmap review

• Committee has noted that under SPD-1 and direction from Vice 

President Pence, NASA has updated its Moon to Mars planning. 

Under Artemis program, plan is to return to the surface of the Moon 

by 2024, an aggressive timeline.

• NASA’s last technology roadmap update in 2015 with review by 

National Academies in 2016; roadmap and review closely aligned with 

exploration plans at the time (across the NASA enterprise, not solely 

focused on the human exploration)

• The committee notes that a clear roadmap with the proper priorities 

will:

• Ensure the timeline is met

• Ensure resources are used effectively

• Support architecture and requirements decisions
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION SUBCOMMITTEE 

Topics Of Focus

Draft recommendation for discussion:

• The committee recommends that NASA update their 

technology roadmap in light of the Artemis and Moon and to 

Mars program, provide a briefing to the UAG, and fund a brief 

external review
Fourth Public Meeting 

October 21, 2019

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND 

INDUSTRIAL BASE

SUBCOMMITTEE REPORT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Membership

Chair(s):

• Dr. Mary Lynne Dittmar

• Eric Stallmer

DFO:

• Nate McIntyre

Members:

• Tory Bruno 

• Steve Crisafulli

• Tim Ellis 

• Gwynne Shotwell 

• Dr. Bob Smith 

• David Thompson 

• Stuart Witt
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Spectrum Activities

• Held 4 administrative/preparatory telecons to develop Terms of 

Reference, identify potential topics of focus, and develop a work plan

• Consulted with National Space Council staff

• Consulted with several stakeholders

• Discussed plan with subcommittee members most recently during 

telecon on 3 October; updated the TOR to reflect a change in scope

• Provide inputs to a study of spectrum management and allocation

• Recommend National Academy of Public Administration to conduct 

study

• Followed up with UAG Chair Admiral Ellis on 10 October to finalize 

approach
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Spectrum Background (from Spectrum TOR)

• Spectrum is a critical but scarce natural resource. Spectrum 

allocated for space activities in the U.S. is being constantly 

revised, and in some cases constrained, yet it is necessary for all 

aspects of space, and activities shared globally.

• Given the long lead investments and long-term business 

models, the U.S. space industry requires regulatory certainty and 

stability to ensure access to spectrum at both the national and 

international levels. Current uncertainty in today’s spectrum 

policy is jeopardizing U.S. technology leadership.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Spectrum Management Review

• Finding

• The current regulatory situation for spectrum management is absent 

certainty, stability and reliability, creating significant challenges to U.S. 

technology leadership

• The U.S. governance model for spectrum requires review to assure 

alignment with 21st century needs and objectives

• Recommendation

• The National Space Council will direct the UAG to define the scope of a 

study to be conducted by the National Academy of Public Administration, 

reviewing U.S. regulatory jurisdiction and governance (domestic) v. a goal 

of technology leadership across spectrum related technology sectors 

• The study should also address an assessment of the current U.S. 

governance model for spectrum v. alignment with multiple national 

technological leadership and capabilities priorities 
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Development of Space Ecosystem

• Held 3 exploratory telecons to discuss issues and identify scope 

regarding economic development of low Earth orbit (LEO) and 

Cislunar space, and the region between them

• Identified several of focus for potential findings and 

recommendations. Closed one, the others are ongoing. 

• Discussed plan with subcommittee members most recently during 

telecon on 3 October

• Focused on USG initiative to stimulate space economy

• Discussed proposal for Space Strategic Propellant Reserve

• Followed up with UAG Chair Admiral Ellis on 10 October to 

finalize approach
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Developing a Space Economy: Background

• USG Investment In Infrastructure can enable space commerce

• Overarching enabler for commercial activity is Affordable Transportation

• Earth To Cislunar transportation costs $10,000 To $50,000 per kg today

• Driving cost of in-space transportation is Propellant

• The majority of a rocket’s mass is fuel

• Propellants sourced in space avoid cost of lifting from Earth’s gravity well

• 60% to 70% of energy required to a reach cislunar destination is spent on Earth-to-LEO

• USG can stimulate a large space economy by facilitating in-space 

propellant availability

• Ice Mining

• Propellant Manufacture

• Storage
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Approach

• The USG maintains strategic reserves to sustain and grow 

economy and protect citizenry and commerce

• Strategic Petroleum Reserve 

• Defense Logistics Agency Strategic Materials (Industrial Metals)

• Strategic National Stockpile (Medicines)

• Strategic Helium Reserve

• Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (Grain)

• The USG can establish a requirement to create and maintain Strategic 

Reserve of Propellant sourced in space

• Modeled on the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)

• Creation of the Reserve would establish propellant production and 

storage infrastructure

• Also protects future economic activity from supply interruptions
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (Reference)

• Purpose: Store emergency supplies of crude oil, owned by the U.S. 

government

• Capacity: 727 million barrels

• Governance:

• Energy policy and conservation act (EPCA)

• International energy agency (IEA)

• Required Storage:

• 90 days of import protection (minimum) 

• The SPR holds the equivalent of 143 days of import protection today

• Management: Use of oil authorized by President, administered by DOE

• Value: About $25.7 Billion 

• Construction of facilities: $5 Billion

• Acquisition of crude oil: $20.7 Billion

• Now generally self-funding (sales)
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Next Steps: Finding

• Finding

• LEO and cislunar space are regions of strategic vital interest to the 

United States. Development of a space economy requires a wholeof-government approach together with investment in infrastructure 

to enable commerce and economic development. While NASA plays 

an early and critical role, the nature of economic development and 

assurance of the strategic interests of the United States fall outside 

the purview and budget of any one agency. The overarching enabler 

for space commerce is affordable transportation. The USG can 

stimulate development, ensure stability, and assure global leadership 

of the space economy for decades to come by facilitating the 

availability of in-space propellant.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INDUSTRIAL BASE SUBCOMMITTEE

Next Steps: Recommendation

• Recommendation

• The National Space Council should direct the UAG to develop a 

white paper, outlining and scoping a study of the means to 

establish and maintain a U.S. Strategic Space Propellant Reserve 

modeled on the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The white 

paper should identify variables important to establish reference 

requirements, such as: (a) the size and location of initial reserves 

needed to stimulate sufficient infrastructure to support an eventual 

$1T space economy; (b) technical means; (c) identification of 

markets that could be enabled; and (d) models for funding, and 

others. It is anticipated that a detailed study undertaken by the 

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine would 

follow initial scoping by the UAG.