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Updated October 4, 2004

	



		
	

		
 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Table of Contents 

Mission Overview ..................................................................................................... 1 

Crew .......................................................................................................................... 8 

Mission Objectives ................................................................................................. 12 

Spacewalks ............................................................................................................. 19

Soyuz TMA............................................................................................................... 20

Science Overview.................................................................................................... 42 

Payload Operations Center.................................................................................... 47 

Russian Experiments ............................................................................................. 51 

Experiments............................................................................................................. 58 

Media Assistance.................................................................................................... 79 

Media Contacts........................................................................................................ 81 
 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Overview 

Expedition 10: Paving the Road for Return to Flight 

The next crew to live and work aboard the International Space Station is scheduled to 

launch on Oct. 13 aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in 

Kazakhstan to replace the American astronaut and the Russian cosmonaut who have been 

living and working on the Station since April. 

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Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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American Commander and NASA ISS Science Officer Leroy Chiao (Chow), 44, and

Russian Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov (Sha-ree'-pohf), 40,

will launch on the ISS Soyuz 9 spacecraft for a two-day flight to dock to the Pirs Docking

Compartment on the ISS. This will be the fourth flight into space for Chiao, who previously

flew on three Space Shuttle missions, STS-65 in 1994, STS-72 in 1996 and STS-92 in

2000 which delivered the Z1 Truss to the Station. This is Sharipov’s second flight into space,

having flown on Shuttle mission STS-89 in 1998 to the Russian Mir Space Station. 

This is the first multi-person crew of all Asian extraction. 

Chiao and Sharipov will be joined aboard the Soyuz by Russian Space Forces engineer

Yuri Shargin (Shar-geen'), a lieutenant colonel in the Russian Air Force, 44, a test cosmonaut

who is making his first flight into space. He will spend seven days aboard the ISS performing

scientific experiments. Shargin will return to Earth on Oct. 24 with Expedition 9 Commander 

Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer Michael Fincke, who 

arrived on the Station April 21. They will land in Kazakhstan in the ISS Soyuz 8 capsule. 

Once on board, Chiao and Sharipov will conduct more than a week of handover activities 

with Padalka and Fincke, familiarizing themselves with Station systems and procedures. 

They will also receive proficiency training on the Canadarm2 robotic arm from Fincke and 

will engage in safety briefings with the departing Expedition 9 crew as well as payload and 

scientific equipment training. 

Chiao and Sharipov will assume formal control of the Station at the time of hatch closure 

from the Expedition 9 crewmembers shortly before they and Shargin undock the Soyuz 

craft from Zarya. With Padalka at the controls, he, Fincke and Shargin will land in the 

steppes of north central Kazakhstan to wrap up six months in orbit. Shargin’s mission will 

span nine days. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

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The blackness of space and Earth’s horizon provide the backdrop for this scene of 

the ISS Soyuz 8 spacecraft, docked to the International Space Station (ISS). 

After landing, Padalka and Fincke will be flown from Kazakhstan to the Gagarin Cosmonaut 

Training Center in Star City, Russia, for about two weeks of initial physical rehabilitation. 

Shargin will spend a much shorter time acclimating himself to Earth’s gravity due to the 

brevity of his flight. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Astronaut Leroy Chiao, Expedition 10 commander and NASA ISS science officer, 

participates in Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Spaceflight (FOOT) integrated 

nominal operations during Human Research Facility (HRF) training in the 

International Space Station (ISS) Destiny laboratory mockup/trainer at Johnson 

Space Center’s Space Vehicle Mockup Facility. 

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Chiao and Sharipov are expected to spend about 190 days aboard the ISS. After the 

Columbia accident on Feb. 1, 2003, the ISS Program and the international partners 

determined that the Station would be occupied by only two crewmembers until the 

resumption of Shuttle flights because of limitations on consumables. 

American and Russian specialists are developing plans for two spacewalks Chiao and 

Sharipov would conduct during their increment to continue the external outfitting of the 

Zvezda Service Module and to install additional communications gear to Zvezda for next 

fall's arrival of the European Space Agency’s unpiloted Automated Transfer Vehicle, a 

cargo ship similar to the Russian Progress vehicle. 

Chiao and Sharipov will wear Russian Orlan spacesuits to conduct the spacewalks out of 

the Pirs Docking Compartment airlock. The spacewalks are scheduled in January and 

March 2005. 

Chiao and Sharipov will also be part of ongoing preparations for the scheduled return to 

flight of the Space Shuttle and the first post-Columbia Shuttle mission, STS-114 on 

Discovery to deliver supplies to the Station in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. That 

mission will also see three spacewalks conducted, one of which will replace a Control 

Moment Gyroscope that failed in June 2002 and another to install a stowage platform to 

house spare parts and other hardware needed for future Station assembly tasks. A third 

spacewalk will be used to demonstrate thermal protection system repair techniques. STS114 crewmembers Soichi Noguchi and Steve Robinson will conduct all three spacewalks 

out of the U.S. Quest airlock wearing U.S. spacesuits. 

Chiao and Sharipov will spend some time packing hardware that has accumulated on the 

Station since the grounding of Shuttle flights, but is designated for return to Earth on both 

STS-114 and the next Shuttle flight to follow, STS-121. 

Once the Expedition 9 crew has departed, the Expedition 10 crew will settle down to work. 

Station operations and Station maintenance will take up a considerable share of the time 

for the two-person crew. But science will continue, as will science-focused education 

activities and Earth observations. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Cosmonaut Salizhan S. Sharipov, Expedition 10 flight engineer representing 

Russia’s Federal Space Agency, participates in a training session in the International 

Space Station (ISS) Quest airlock mockup/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mockup 

Facility at Johnson Space Center (JSC). 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

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Much of the research activities for Expedition 10 will be carried out with scientific facilities 

and samples already on board the Space Station. Additional experiments are being 

evaluated and prepared to make use of limited cargo space on the Soyuz or Progress 

vehicles. The research agenda for the expedition remains flexible. While most equipment 

and samples can remain on board the Station with minimal or no detrimental effects, a few 

perishable samples – urine samples and crystals, for example – may be returned to Earth 

on the Soyuz. 

The science team at the Payload Operations Center at the Marshall Space Flight Center in 

Huntsville, Ala., will operate some experiments without crew input. Other experiments are 

designed to function autonomously. 

During more than six months aloft, Chiao and Sharipov will monitor the arrival of two 

Russian Progress resupply cargo ships filled with food, fuel, water and supplies. They will 

also don their spacesuits and relocate their Soyuz spacecraft from their Pirs docking port to 

the Zarya docking port to free the Pirs airlock to support their spacewalks. 

The ISS Progress 16 cargo ship is scheduled to reach the ISS in late December and ISS 

Progress 17 is earmarked to fly to the ISS at the end of February. The Progress craft will 

dock to the aft port of Zvezda. 

Also on the crew’s agenda is work with the Station’s robotic arm, Canadarm2. Robotics 

work will focus on observations of the Station’s exterior, maintaining operator proficiency, 

and completing the schedule of on-orbit checkout requirements that were developed to fully 

characterize the performance of the robotic system. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Expedition 10 Crew 

ISS Commander and NASA Space Station Science Officer: Leroy Chiao 

Astronaut Leroy Chiao will serve 

as Commander and NASA 

Space Station Science Officer 

for the Expedition 10 crew. 

Chiao has previously flown on 

three Space Shuttle missions, 

including one dedicated to ISS 

assembly, and conducted four 

spacewalks. 

Chiao was born Aug. 28, 1960, 

in Milwaukee, but considers 

Danville, Calif., to be his 

hometown. He graduated from 

Monte Vista High School in 1978 

and then received a bachelor of 

science in chemical engineering 

from the University of California, 

Berkeley in 1983. He attended 

the University of California in 

Santa Barbara and earned a 

master of science and a 

doctorate in chemical 

engineering in 1985 and 1987. 

Following graduation Chiao 

worked for companies in 

California involved in the 

research and development of advanced aerospace materials, including a joint project with 

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on future space telescope designs. He was selected to 

be an astronaut by NASA in January 1990. 

Chiao’s first spaceflight was in 1994 on STS-65. The primary cargo on STS -65, the second 

International Microgravity Laboratory mission, used the pressurized Spacelab facility as a 

research platform for performing experiments in the microgravity environment of space. 

During the record 15-day mission, the crew conducted more than 80 experiments focusing 

on materials and life sciences research. Chiao’s second spaceflight was STS-72 in 1996 

during which he conducted two spacewalks to demonstrate tools, hardware and techniques 

to be used in the assembly of the ISS. His most recent spaceflight was to the Space Station 

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on the STS-92 mission in 2000. The STS-92 flight was the third ISS assembly dedicated 

flight; the crew installed the Z1 Truss and Pressurized Mating Adapter 3 to the orbiting 

Node 1/FGB complex and prepared the ISS for the installation of the P6 truss, which was 

delivered by the subsequent Shuttle flight. Chiao conducted two of the four spacewalks 

required to configure the new ISS hardware. This expansion of the ISS opened the door for 

future assembly missions and prepared the Station for its first resident crew. 

Chiao has logged more than 36 days in space and a total of 26 hours and 19 minutes of 

spacewalking time. 

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Soyuz Commander and ISS Flight Engineer: Salizhan Sharipov 

Cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov will 

serve as the Soyuz Commander 

and ISS Flight Engineer for 

Expedition 10. He has previously 

flown on one Space Shuttle 

mission. 

Sharipov, a colonel in the Russian 

Air Force, was born Aug. 24, 

1964, in Uzgen, Oshsk region, 

Kirghizia. He graduated from the 

Air Force Pilot School in 1987. 

After graduation he worked as a 

pilot instructor. He has experience 

flying on MIG-21 and L-39 aircraft. 

He was selected by the Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center 

(GCTC) in 1990 and in 1992 

began general space training as a 

cosmonaut. He completed the 

training regimen for Mir space 

station spaceflights as a crew 

commander. He also received a 

degree in cartography from 

Moscow State University in 1994. 

Sharipov’s spaceflight experience includes serving as a mission specialist on the STS-89 

mission to Mir in 1998. STS-89 was the eighth Shuttle-Mir docking mission during which the 

crew transferred more than 8,000 pounds of scientific equipment, logistics and water from 

the Space Shuttle to Mir. The mission included the fifth and final exchange of a U.S. 

astronaut aboard Mir, delivering Andy Thomas and returning David Wolf. 

Sharipov has logged more than 950 hours of flying time and more than eight days in space. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Yuri Georgiyevich Shargin 

Yuri Shargin, a lieutenant-colonel in 

Russia’s Air Force, will fill the third seat 

in the Soyuz with the Expedition 10 

crewmembers. He will spend eight days 

aboard the Station conducting scientific 

experiments before returning to Earth 

with the Expedition 9 crew. 

Shargin is a test cosmonaut for the 

Russian Space Forces making his first 

flight into space. 

Shargin was born on March 20, 1960, 

in Engelstown, Saratov, Russia. He 

graduated from high school in Engels 

in 1977 and entered the Air Force 

Mozhaisky Military Engineer Institute 

in Leningrad. He graduated from the 

Institute as an aircraft mechanical 

engineer in 1982. Upon graduation, 

he served in Strategic Missile Forces 

at the Baikonur launch site as an 

engineer and senior engineer until 

1986. From 1987 to 1996 he served 

as a military representative at RSC ENERGIA, performing the duties of a lead engineer 

assistant, lead engineer and group lead. 

Shargin was selected as a cosmonaut-researcher candidate of the Strategic Missile Forces 

in May 1996. He attended basic training from June 1996 to March 1998; upon completion 

of his training, he was qualified for flight assignment as a test cosmonaut. In September 

1998 he joined the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center cosmonaut corps as a test 

cosmonaut. He began advanced training for his flight aboard the International Space 

Station in October 1998. In February 2002 he passed to the control of the Russian Defense 

Ministry Space Force Commander. 

Shargin has been a member of the GCTC cosmonaut corps as a Russian Defense 

Department representative since May 2002. 

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Mission Objectives 

Flight 9 Soyuz-TMA Dock to 8 Soyuz-TMA 

Undock (Flight 9S) Requirements 

Flight 9S Tasks (IN DESCENDING PRIORITIZED ORDER) 

These tasks, listed in order of ISS Program priority, are to be executed during this flight. 

The order of execution for these tasks in the nominal plan may vary, depending on 

timeline efficiencies. 

1. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with no 

redundancy. 

2. Dock Flight 9 Soyuz-TMA to the Docking Compartment (DC)-1 Nadir Port. 

A. Install local signal commutator and Read Only Memory (ROM) into 

ISS Soyuz-9 after docking. 

3. Rotate Expedition 9 crew with Expedition 10 crew, transfer mandatory crew 

rotation cargo and perform mandatory tasks consisting of the safety briefing for 

all crewmembers. 

4. Perform high priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 8 crew 

hours/week). 

A. Perform daily Oxygen (O2) monitoring until Major Constituent Analyzer 

(MCA) Remove and Replace (R&R) via Compound Specific Analyzer - 

Combustion Products (CSA-CP). 

B. Perform weekly Carbon Dioxide (CO2) monitoring until MCA R&R via 

Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Kit (CDMK). 

5. Perform minimum crew handover of 12 hours per crewmember. 

6. Transfer critical items. 

7. Undock ISS Soyuz-8 from FGB nadir port. 

A. Remove local signal commutator and ROM from ISS Soyuz-8 before 

undock. 

B. Return critical equipment and environmental samples on ISS Soyuz-8. 

8. Perform high priority OBT (average of 2.25 crew hours per week). 

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9. Perform high priority USOS/Russian payload operations (average of 6.7 crew 

hours per week). 

A. Mandatory daily maintenance for powered payloads. 

B. Daily scheduled payload operations and data capture. 

10. Perform high priority PAO activities (average of 1.25 crew hours per week). 

11. Conduct visiting crew operations. 

12. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with 

redundancy. 

13. Perform an additional 4 hours per crewmember of ISS crew handover (16 hours 

per crewmember total). 

14. Perform photo/video imagery on the ISS RS. 

15. Transfer remaining cargo items. 

16. Perform medium priority USOS/Russian payload operations. 

17. Perform medium priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 1 crew 

hour/week). 

18. Perform medium priority OBT (average of 0.75 crew hours per week). 

19. Perform medium priority PAO activities (average of 1.75 crew hours per week). 

20. Perform remaining maintenance. 

21. Perform remaining USOS/Russian payload operations. 

22. Perform other USOS/Russian medical operations. 

23. Perform other OBT. 

24. Perform other PAO activities. 

25. Perform Station Development Test Objective (SDTO) 13004-U, Russian 

Vehicle Docking/Undocking Loads on ISS, for Soyuz-8 undocking. 

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Flight 8 Soyuz-TMA Undock to 16 Progress-M Dock 

(Stage 9S) Requirements 

Stage 9S tasks (IN DESCENDING PRIORITIZED ORDER) 

These tasks, listed in order of ISS Program priority, are to be executed during this 

stage. The order of execution for these tasks in this nominal plan may vary, depending 

on timeline efficiencies. The following numbered tasks shall be accomplished for 

successful completion of this interval. 

1. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with no 

redundancy. 

2. Complete 15 Progress-M loading of trash and undock from the Service Module 

(SM) aft port. 

A. Remove local signal commutator and ROM from 15 Progress-M prior to 

undock. 

3. Perform high priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 8 crew 

hours/week). 

A. Perform daily O2 monitoring until MCA R&R via CSA-CP. 

B. Perform weekly CO2 monitoring until MCA R&R via CDMK. 

4. Perform high priority OBT (average of 2.25 crew hours per week). 

5. Perform Space Integrated Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation 

System (SIGI) software upgrade. 

6. Relocate ISS Soyuz-9 to the FGB Nadir Port. 

7. Perform high priority USOS/Russian payload operations (average of 6.7 crew 

hours per week). 

A. Mandatory daily maintenance for powered payloads. 

B. Daily scheduled payload operations and data capture. 

8. Perform high priority PAO activities (average of 1.25 crew hours per week). 

9. Unpack Flight 9S cargo. 

10. Perform Flight LF1 preparations. 

A. Pre-pack. 

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11. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with 

redundancy. 

12. Reboost ISS with Progress as required. 

13. Perform medium priority USOS/Russian payload operations. 

14. Perform medium priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 1 crew 

hour/week). 

15. Perform medium priority OBT (average of 0.75 crew hours per week). 

16. Perform medium priority PAO activities (average of 1.75 crew hours per week). 

17. Perform remaining Mobile Servicing System (MSS) On-Orbit Checkout 

Requirements (OCRs). 

18. Perform remaining maintenance. 

19. Perform remaining USOS/Russian payload operations. 

20. Perform other USOS/Russian medical operations. 

21. Perform other OBT. 

22. Perform other PAO activities. 

23. Perform SDTO 13004-U Russian Vehicle Docking/Undocking Loads for 

16-Progress docking to SM aft. 

24. Perform SDTO 13004-U, Russian Vehicle Docking/Undocking Loads for 

15-Progress undocking form SM aft. 

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Flight 16 Progress-M Dock to Flight 17 Progress Dock 

(Stage 16P) Requirements 

Tasks (IN DESCENDING PRIORITIZED ORDER) 

These tasks, listed in order of ISS Program priority, are to be executed during this 

stage. The order of execution for these tasks in the nominal plan may vary, depending 

on timeline efficiencies. The following numbered tasks shall be accomplished for 

successful completion of this interval. 

1. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with no 

redundancy. 

2. Dock 16 Progress-M to SM aft port and perform cargo/propellant/water transfer. 

A. Install local signal commutator and ROM into 16 Progress-M after docking. 

3. Complete 16 Progress-M loading of trash and undock from SM aft port. 

A. Remove local signal commutator and ROM from 16 Progress-M prior to 

undock. 

4. Perform high priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 8 crew 

hours/week).

A. Perform daily O2 monitoring.

B. Perform weekly CO2 monitoring until MCA R&R via CDMK. 

5. Perform high priority OBT (average of 2.25 crew hours per week). 

6. Perform Russian acoustic hardware installations. 

A. Install flexible air duct in place of rigid air duct on panel numbers 320 and 322. 

B. 	

	

  		

7. Perform Russian EVA No. 12. 

A. 		 - 
 	

Compartment (WC)-1 and 		! "#	
 "

using cable fasteners. 

B. $
%!	 - $


and Telemetry/Telecommand (TM/TC) monoblock, as well as routing of 


 & locking plate for connection of the TM/TC equipment 

monoblock, using cable fasteners). 

C. Transfer panel 3 of Micro-PArticles (MPAC)/Space Environment Exposure 

Devices (SEEDs) to an alternate location. 

D. Install BIORISK experiment. 

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8. 	
	 
!	

 
	 - '


(!	


9. Perform high priority USOS/Russian payload operations (average of 6.7 crew 

hours per week). 

A. Mandatory daily maintenance for powered payloads. 

B. Daily scheduled payload operations and data capture. 

10. Perform high priority PAO activities (average of 1.25 crew hours per week). 

11. Perform pre-pack for Flights LF1 and ULF1.1. 

A. Remove stowage items from the Airlock (A/L). 

B. Remove stowage items from Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA)-2. 

C. Remove stowage items from Node1 Nadir. 

12. A/L/EMU Cooling Loop Water Microbial Scrubbing (re-iodination). 

13. Perform recharge of Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) (helmet light, Rechargeable 

EVA Battery Assembly (REBA), Pistol Grip Tool (PGT) batteries. 

14. Perform preparations for Flight LF1. 

A. EVA prep. 

B. A/L prep. 

C. Shuttle Tile Photography OBT. 

D. A/L audit. 

E. Metal Oxide (METOX) canister regeneration. 

F. Pre-breathe Hose Assembly (PHA) hardware inspection/reconfiguration. 

15. Perform USOS/Russian maintenance activities for those systems with 

redundancy. 

16. Reboost ISS with Progress as required. 

17. Perform software upgrades. 

A. Command and Control Software (CCS) R4.6 

B. Portable Computer System (PCS) R8 

C. MSS R3.1 

D. Payload Executive Processor (PEP) R5 

18. Perform medium priority USOS/Russian payload operations. 

19. Perform medium priority U.S./Russian medical operations (average of 1 crew 

hour/week). 

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National Aeronautics and 

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20. Perform medium priority OBT (average of 0.75 crew hours per week). 

21. Perform medium priority PAO activities (average of 1.75 crew hours per week). 

22. Perform remaining MSS OCRs. 

23. Perform remaining maintenance. 

24. Perform remaining USOS/Russian payload operations. 

25. Perform other USOS/Russian medical operations. 

26. Perform other OBT. 

27. Perform other PAO activities. 

28. Perform SDTO 13004-U, Russian Vehicle Docking/Undocking Loads on ISS, 

for 17-Progress docking to SM aft. 

29. Perform SDTO 13004-U, Russian Vehicle Docking/Undocking Loads on ISS, 

for 16-Progress undocking from SM aft. 

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Spacewalks 

Two spacewalks are planned during Expedition 10 by Commander and NASA 

International Space Station Science Officer Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan 

Sharipov. The first is tentatively scheduled in January; the other is tentatively scheduled 

in March. 

The two spacewalks are designed to continue the external outfitting of the Zvezda 

Service Module. The primary purpose of the first spacewalk is to install an external 

workstation and research experiments. The purpose of the second spacewalk is to 

install cameras, communications gear and navigational aids to Zvezda for next year’s 

arrival of the European Space Agency’s unpiloted Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). 

The following activities are to be accomplished during the Expedition 10 spacewalks: 

Russian Extravehicular Activity No. 12: 

• 	




 - 

	


and cables 

• Install the “Rokviss” commercial payload and associated cables between the 

payload and a transceiver/antenna box 

• Install the BioRisk experiment on the Pirs Docking Compartment (DC-1) 

• Transfer MPAC/SEEDs experiment panel No. 3 to an alternate location 

Russian Extravehicular Activity No. 13: 

• Finish Russian spacewalk tasks for ATV 

• Install Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna units and route cables to 

connect the antenna heater 

• Install the transport-installation device for the rendezvous and docking operations 

space-to-space radio system and route cables for their connection 

• Install a television camera at the aft end of the Service Module 

• Photograph and then remove tray No. 1 and frame tray No. 3 (if time permits) of 

the Kromka thruster residue collection experiment 

Chiao has made four spacewalks during his previous Space Shuttle missions. The 

spacewalks will be the first for Sharipov. 

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Russian Soyuz-TMA 

The Soyuz-TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station’s 

crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would 

require the crew to leave the Station. A new Soyuz capsule is normally delivered to the 

station by a Soyuz crew every six months, replacing an older Soyuz capsule already 

docked to the ISS. 

The Soyuz spacecraft is launched to the space station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome 

in Kazakhstan aboard a Soyuz rocket. It consists of an Orbital Module, a Descent 

Module and an Instrumentation/Propulsion Module. 

Orbital Module 

This portion of the Soyuz spacecraft is used by the crew while on orbit during free flight. 

It has a volume of 6.5 cubic meters (230 cubic feet), with a docking mechanism, hatch 

and rendezvous antennas located at the front end. The docking mechanism is used to 

dock with the Space Station and the hatch allows entry into the Station. The rendezvous 

antennas are used by the automated docking system -- a radar-based system -- to 

maneuver towards the station for docking. There is also a window in the module. 

The opposite end of the Orbital Module connects to the Descent Module via a 

pressurized hatch. Before returning to Earth, the Orbital Module separates from the 

Descent Module -- after the deorbit maneuver -- and burns up upon re-entry into the 

atmosphere. 

Descent Module 

The Descent Module is where the cosmonauts and astronauts sit for launch, re-entry 

and landing. All the necessary controls and displays of the Soyuz are located here. The 

module also contains life support supplies and batteries used during descent, as well as 

the primary and backup parachutes and landing rockets. It also contains custom-fitted 

seat liners for each crewmember’s couch/seat, individually molded to fit each person’s 

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body. When crewmembers are brought to the Station aboard the Space Shuttle, their 

seat liners are brought with them and transferred to the existing Soyuz spacecraft as 

part of crew handover activities. 

The module has a periscope, which allows the crew to view the docking target on the 

station or the Earth below. The eight hydrogen peroxide thrusters located on the module 

are used to control the spacecraft’s orientation, or attitude, during the descent until 

parachute deployment. It also has a guidance, navigation and control system to 

maneuver the vehicle during the descent phase of the mission. 

This module weighs 2,900 kilograms (6,393 pounds), with a habitable volume of 4 cubic 

meters (141 cubic feet). Approximately 50 kilograms (110 pounds) of payload can be 

returned to Earth in this module and up to 150 kilograms (331 pounds) if only two 

crewmembers are present. The Descent Module is the only portion of the Soyuz that 

survives the return to Earth. 

Instrumentation/Propulsion Module 

This module contains three compartments: Intermediate, Instrumentation and 

Propulsion. 

The intermediate compartment is where the module connects to the Descent Module. It 

also contains oxygen storage tanks and the attitude control thrusters, as well as 

electronics, communications and control equipment. The primary guidance, navigation, 

control and computer systems of the Soyuz are in the instrumentation compartment, 

which is a sealed container filled with circulating nitrogen gas to cool the avionics 

equipment. The propulsion compartment contains the primary thermal control system 

and the Soyuz radiator, which has a cooling area of 8 square meters (86 square feet). 

The propulsion system, batteries, solar arrays, radiator and structural connection to the 

Soyuz launch rocket are located in this compartment. 

The propulsion compartment contains the system that is used to perform any 

maneuvers while in orbit, including rendezvous and docking with the space station and 

the deorbit burns necessary to return to Earth. The propellants are nitrogen tetroxide 

and unsymmetric-dimethylhydrazine. The main propulsion system and the smaller 

reaction control system, used for attitude changes while in space, share the same 

propellant tanks. 

The two Soyuz solar arrays are attached to either side of the rear section of the 

Instrumentation/Propulsion Module and are linked to rechargeable batteries. Like the 

Orbital Module, the intermediate section of the Instrumentation/Propulsion Module 

separates from the Descent Module after the final deorbit maneuver and burns up in 

atmosphere upon re-entry. 

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TMA Improvements and Testing 

The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from 

1986 to 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International 

Space Station. 

The TMA increases safety, especially in descent and landing. It has smaller and more 

efficient computers and improved displays. In addition, the Soyuz TMA accommodates 

individuals as large as 1.9 meters (6 feet, 3 inches tall) and 95 kilograms (209 pounds), 

compared to 1.8 meters (6 feet) and 85 kilograms (187 pounds) in the earlier TM. 

Minimum crewmember size for the TMA is 1.5 meters (4 feet, 11 inches) and 50 

kilograms (110 pounds), compared to 1.6 meters (5 feet, 4 inches) and 56 kilograms 

(123 pounds) for the TM. 

Two new engines reduce landing speed and forces felt by crewmembers by 15 to 30 

percent and a new entry control system and three-axis accelerometer increase landing 

accuracy. Instrumentation improvements include a color "glass cockpit," which is easier 

to use and gives the crew more information, with hand controllers that can be secured 

under an instrument panel. All the new components in the Soyuz TMA can spend up to 

one year in space. 

New components and the entire TMA were rigorously tested on the ground, in hangardrop tests, in airdrop tests and in space before the spacecraft was declared flight-ready. 

For example, the accelerometer and associated software, as well as modified boosters 

(incorporated to cope with the TMA’s additional mass), were tested on flights of 

Progress unpiloted supply spacecraft, while the new cooling system was tested on two 

Soyuz TM flights. 

Descent module structural modifications, seats and seat shock absorbers were tested in 

hangar drop tests. Landing system modifications, including associated software 

upgrades, were tested in a series of airdrop tests. Additionally, extensive tests of 

systems and components were conducted on the ground. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

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Soyuz Launcher 

Throughout history, more than 1,500 launches have been made with Soyuz launchers 

to orbit satellites for telecommunications, Earth observation, weather, and scientific 

missions, as well as for human flights. 

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The basic Soyuz vehicle is considered a three-stage launcher in Russian terms and is 

composed of: 

A lower portion consisting of four boosters (first stage) and a central core 

(second stage). 

An upper portion, consisting of the third stage, payload adapter and payload 

fairing. 

Liquid oxygen and kerosene are used as propellants in all three Soyuz stages. 

First Stage Boosters 

The first stage’s four boosters are assembled laterally around the second stage central 

core. The boosters are identical and cylindrical-conic in shape with the oxygen tank 

located in the cone-shaped portion and the kerosene tank in the cylindrical portion. 

An NPO Energomash RD 107 engine with four main chambers and two gimbaled 

vernier thrusters is used in each booster. The vernier thrusters provide three-axis flight 

control. 

Ignition of the first stage boosters and the second stage central core occur 

simultaneously on the ground. When the boosters have completed their powered flight 

during ascent, they are separated and the core second stage continues to function. 

First stage booster separation occurs when the pre-defined velocity is reached, which is 

about 118 seconds after liftoff. 

Second Stage 

An NPO Energomash RD 108 engine powers the Soyuz second stage. This engine 

differs from those of the boosters by the presence of four vernier thrusters, which are 

necessary for three-axis flight control of the launcher after the first stage boosters have 

separated. 

An equipment bay located atop the second stage operates during the entire flight of the 

first and second stages. 

Third Stage 

The third stage is linked to the Soyuz second stage by a latticework structure. When the 

second stage’s powered flight is complete, the third stage engine is ignited. Separation 

of the two stages occurs by the direct ignition forces of the third stage engine. 

A single-turbopump RD 0110 engine from KB KhA powers the Soyuz third stage. 

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National Aeronautics and 

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The third stage engine is fired for about 240 seconds, and cutoff occurs when the 

calculated velocity increment is reached. After cutoff and separation, the third stage 

performs an avoidance maneuver by opening an outgassing valve in the liquid oxygen 

tank. 

Launcher Telemetry Tracking & Flight Safety Systems 

Soyuz launcher tracking and telemetry is provided through systems in the second and 

third stages. These two stages have their own radar transponders for ground tracking. 

Individual telemetry transmitters are in each stage. Launcher health status is 

downlinked to ground stations along the flight path. Telemetry and tracking data are 

transmitted to the mission control center, where the incoming data flow is recorded. 

Partial real-time data processing and plotting is performed for flight following and initial 

performance assessment. All flight data is analyzed and documented within a few hours 

after launch. 

Baikonur Cosmodrome Launch Operations 

Soyuz missions use the Baikonur Cosmodrome’s proven infrastructure, and launches 

are performed by trained personnel with extensive operational experience. 

Baikonur Cosmodrome is located in the Republic of Kazakhstan in Central Asia 

between 45 degrees and 46 degrees North latitude and 63 degrees East longitude. Two 

launch pads are dedicated to Soyuz missions. 

Final Launch Preparations 

The assembled launch vehicle is moved to the launch pad on a horizontal railcar. 

Transfer to the launch zone occurs two days before launch. There the vehicle is 

erected and a launch rehearsal is performed that includes activation of all electrical and 

mechanical equipment. 

On launch day, the vehicle is loaded with propellant and the final countdown sequence 

is started at three hours before the liftoff time. 

Rendezvous to Docking 

A Soyuz spacecraft generally takes two days to reach the Space Station. The 

rendezvous and docking are both automated, though once the spacecraft is within 150 

meters (492 feet) of the station, the Russian Mission Control Center just outside 

Moscow monitors the approach and docking. The Soyuz crew has the capability to 

manually execute these operations. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Soyuz Booster Rocket Characteristics 

First Stage Data - Blocks B, V, G, D 

Engine RD-107 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 102 

Burn time (sec) 122 

Specific impulse 314 

Length (meters) 19.8 

Diameter (meters) 2.68 

Dry mass (tons) 3.45 

Propellant mass (tons) 39.63 

Second Stage Data, Block A 

Engine RD-108 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 96 

Burn time (sec) 314 

Specific impulse 315 

Length (meters) 28.75 

Diameter (meters) 2.95 

Dry mass (tons) 6.51 

Propellant mass (tons) 95.7 

Third Stage Data, Block I 

Engine RD-461 

Propellants LOX/Kerosene 

Thrust (tons) 30 

Burn time (sec) 240 

Specific impulse 330 

Length (meters) 8.1 

Diameter (meters) 2.66 

Dry mass (tons) 2.4 

Propellant mass (tons) 21.3 

PAYLOAD MASS (tons) 6.8 

SHROUD MASS (tons) 4.5 

LAUNCH MASS (tons) 309.53 

TOTAL LENGTH (meters) 49.3 

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Prelaunch Countdown Timeline 

T- 34 Hours Booster is prepared for fuel loading 

T- 6:00:00 Batteries are installed in booster 

T- 5:30:00 State commission gives go to take launch vehicle 

T- 5:15:00 Crew arrives at site 254 

T- 5:00:00 Tanking begins 

T- 4:20:00 Spacesuit donning 

T- 4:00:00 Booster is loaded with liquid oxygen 

T- 3:40:00 Crew meets delegations 

T- 3:10:00 Reports to the State commission 

T- 3:05:00 Transfer to the launch pad 

T- 3:00:00 Vehicle 1st and 2nd stage oxidizer fueling complete 

T- 2:35:00 Crew arrives at launch vehicle 

T- 2:30:00 Crew ingress through orbital module side hatch 

T- 2:00:00 Crew in re-entry vehicle 

T- 1:45:00 Re-entry vehicle hardware tested; suits are ventilated 

T- 1:30:00 Launch command monitoring and supply unit prepared 

 Orbital compartment hatch tested for sealing 

T- 1:00:00 Launch vehicle control system prepared for use; gyro 

instruments activated 

T - :45:00 Launch pad service structure halves are lowered 

T- :40:00 Re-entry vehicle hardware testing complete; leak checks 

performed on suits 

T- :30:00 Emergency escape system armed; launch command supply 

unit activated 

T- :25:00 Service towers withdrawn 

T- :15:00 Suit leak tests complete; crew engages personal escape 

hardware auto mode 

T- :10:00 Launch gyro instruments uncaged; crew activates on-board 

recorders 

T- 7:00 All prelaunch operations are complete 

T- 6:15 Key to launch command given at the launch site 

 Automatic program of final launch operations is activated 

T- 6:00 All launch complex and vehicle systems ready for launch 

T- 5:00 Onboard systems switched to onboard control 

 Ground measurement system activated by RUN 1 command 

 Commander’s controls activated 

 Crew switches to suit air by closing helmets 

 Launch key inserted in launch bunker 

T- 3:15 Combustion chambers of side and central engine pods purged 

with nitrogen 

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National Aeronautics and 

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T- 2:30 Booster propellant tank pressurization starts 

 Onboard measurement system activated by RUN 2 command 

 Prelaunch pressurization of all tanks with nitrogen begins 

T- 2:15 Oxidizer and fuel drain and safety valves of launch vehicle are 

closed 

 Ground filling of oxidizer and nitrogen to the launch vehicle is 

terminated 

T- 1:00 Vehicle on internal power 

 Automatic sequencer on 

 First umbilical tower separates from booster 

T- :40 Ground power supply umbilical to third stage is disconnected 

T- :20 Launch command given at the launch position 

 Central and side pod engines are turned on 

T- :15 Second umbilical tower separates from booster 

T- :10 Engine turbopumps at flight speed 

T- :05 First stage engines at maximum thrust 

T- :00 Fueling tower separates 

 Lift off 

Ascent/Insertion Timeline 

T- :00 Lift off 

T+ 1:10 Booster velocity is 1,640 ft/sec 

T+ 1:58 Stage 1 (strap-on boosters) separation 

T+ 2:00 Booster velocity is 4,921 ft/sec 

T+ 2:40 Escape tower and launch shroud jettison 

T+ 4:58 Core booster separates at 105.65 statute miles 

 Third stage ignites 

T+ 7:30 Velocity is 19,685 ft/sec 

T+ 9:00 Third stage cut-off 

 Soyuz separates 

 Antennas and solar panels deploy 

 Flight control switches to Mission Control, Korolev 

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Orbital Insertion to Docking Timeline 

Flight Day 1 Overview 

Orbit 1 Post insertion: Deployment of solar panels, antennas and 

docking probe 

 - Crew monitors all deployments 

 - Crew reports on pressurization of OMS/RCS and ECLSS systems 

and crew health. Entry thermal sensors are manually deactivated 

 - Ground provides initial orbital insertion data from tracking 

Orbit 2 Systems Checkout: IR Att Sensors, Kurs, Angular Accels, 

"Display" TV Downlink System, OMS engine control system, 

Manual Attitude Control Test 

 - Crew monitors all systems tests and confirms onboard indications 

 - Crew performs manual RHC stick inputs for attitude control test 

 - Ingress into HM, activate HM CO2 scrubber and doff Sokols 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established. 

Orbit 3 Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish 

LVLH attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence) 

 - Crew monitors LVLH attitude reference build up 

 - Burn data command upload for DV1 and DV2 (attitude, TIG Delta 

V’s) 

 - Form 14 preburn emergency deorbit pad read up 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Auto maneuver to DV1 burn attitude (TIG - 8 minutes) while 

LOS 

 - Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

DV1 phasing burn while LOS 

 - Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

Orbit 4 Auto maneuver to DV2 burn attitude (TIG - 8 minutes) while 

LOS 

 - Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

DV2 phasing burn while LOS

 - Crew monitor only, no manual action nominally required 

Crew report on burn performance upon AOS 

 - HM and DM pressure checks read down 

 - Post burn Form 23 (AOS/LOS pad), Form 14 and "Globe" 

corrections voiced up 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

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Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established.

External boresight TV camera ops check (while LOS) 

Meal 

Orbit 5 Last pass on Russian tracking range for Flight Day 1 

Report on TV camera test and crew health 

Sokol suit clean up 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 6-12 Crew Sleep, off of Russian tracking range 

 - Emergency VHF2 comm available through NASA VHF Network 

FLIGHT DAY 2 OVERVIEW

Orbit 13 Post sleep activity, report on HM/DM Pressures 

 Form 14 revisions voiced up 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 14 Configuration of RHC-2/THC-2 work station in the HM 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 15 THC-2 (HM) manual control test 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 16 Lunch 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 17 (1) Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish 

LVLH attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence) 

RHC-2 (HM) Test 

 - Burn data uplink (TIG, attitude, delta V) 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Auto maneuver to burn attitude (TIG - 8 min) while LOS 

Rendezvous burn while LOS 

Manual maneuver to +Y to Sun and initiate a 2 deg/sec yaw 

rotation. MCS is deactivated after rate is established.

Orbit 18 (2) Post burn and manual maneuver to +Y Sun report when AOS 

 - HM/DM pressures read down 

 - Post burn Form 23, Form 14 and Form 2 (Globe correction) 

voiced up 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

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Orbit 19 (3) CO2 scrubber cartridge change out 

 Free time 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 20 (4) Free time 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 21 (5) Last pass on Russian tracking range for Flight Day 2 

 Free time 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 22 (6) - 27 

(11) 

Crew sleep, off of Russian tracking range 

 - Emergency VHF2 comm available through NASA VHF Network 

FLIGHT DAY 3 OVERVIEW

Orbit 28 (12) Post sleep activity 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 29 (13) Free time, report on HM/DM pressures 

 - Read up of predicted post burn Form 23 and Form 14 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 30 (14) Free time, read up of Form 2 "Globe Correction," lunch 

 - Uplink of auto rendezvous command timeline 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radar and radio transponder tracking 

FLIGHT DAY 3 AUTO RENDEZVOUS SEQUENCE

Orbit 31 (15) Don Sokol spacesuits, ingress DM, close DM/HM hatch 

 - Active and passive vehicle state vector uplinks 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 32 (16) Terminate +Y solar rotation, reactivate MCS and establish 

LVLH attitude reference (auto maneuver sequence)

Begin auto rendezvous sequence 

 - Crew monitoring of LVLH reference build and auto rendezvous 

timeline execution 

 - A/G, R/T and Recorded TLM and Display TV downlink 

 - Radio transponder tracking 

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National Aeronautics and 

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FLIGHT DAY 3 FINAL APPROACH AND DOCKING 

Orbit 33 (1) Auto Rendezvous sequence continues, flyaround and station 

keeping 

 - Crew monitor 

 - Comm relays via SM through Altair established 

 - Form 23 and Form 14 updates 

 - Fly around and station keeping initiated near end of orbit 

 - A/G (gnd stations and Altair), R/T TLM (gnd stations), Display TV 

downlink (gnd stations and Altair) 

 - Radio transponder tracking 

Orbit 34 (2) Final Approach and docking 

 - Capture to "docking sequence complete" 20 minutes, typically 

 - Monitor docking interface pressure seal 

 - Transfer to HM, doff Sokol suits 

 - A/G (gnd stations and Altair), R/T TLM (gnd stations), Display TV 

downlink (gnd stations and Altair) 

 - Radio transponder tracking 

FLIGHT DAY 3 STATION INGRESS

Orbit 35 (3) Station/Soyuz pressure equalization 

 - Report all pressures 

 - Open transfer hatch, ingress station 

 - A/G, R/T and playback telemetry 

 - Radio transponder tracking 

Typical Soyuz Ground Track 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Expedition 9 / ISS Soyuz-8 Landing 

For the fourth time in history, an American astronaut will return to Earth from orbit in a 

Russian Soyuz capsule. Expedition 9 Commander Gennady Padalka will be at the 

controls as he, Flight Engineer and NASA ISS Science Officer Mike Fincke and Russian 

Space Forces test cosmonaut and engineer Yuri Shargin (a Russian Air Force 

lieutenant colonel) touch down in the steppes of north central Kazakhstan in the 

ISS Soyuz-8 craft docked at the International Space Station’s Zarya Module to complete 

their mission. Padalka and Fincke will be wrapping up six months in orbit, while Shargin 

will return after a 10-day flight. 

The grounding of the Space Shuttle fleet following the Columbia accident on Feb.1, 

2003, necessitated the landing of the Expedition 9 crew in a Soyuz capsule, as did the 

Expedition 6, 7 and 8 crews back in May and October 2003 and in April 2004. The 

Soyuz always provides an assured crew return capability for residents aboard the ISS. 

The Expedition 7 and 8 crews landed precisely on target, but as a precaution against 

any possibility that the Soyuz could land off course as did the Expedition 6 crew, 

Padalka, Fincke and Shargin will be equipped with a satellite phone and Global 

Positioning System locator hardware for instant communications with recovery teams. 

About three hours before undocking, Padalka, Fincke and Shargin will bid farewell to 

the new Expedition 10 crew, Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan 

Sharipov. The departing crew will climb into the Soyuz vehicle, closing the hatch 

between Soyuz and Zarya. Fincke will be seated in the Soyuz’ left seat as flight 

engineer for entry and landing. Padalka will be in the center commander’s seat, and 

Shargin will occupy the right seat. 

After activating Soyuz systems and getting approval from Russian flight controllers at 

the Russian Mission Control Center outside Moscow, Padalka will send commands to 

open hooks and latches between Soyuz and Zarya which held the craft together since 

the Soyuz’ arrival back on April 21. 

Padalka will fire the Soyuz thrusters to back away from Zarya. Six minutes after 

undocking and with the Soyuz about 20 meters away from the ISS, he will conduct a 

separation maneuver, firing the Soyuz jets for about 15 seconds. 

A little less than 21⁄2 hours later, at a distance of about 19 kilometers, Soyuz computers 

will initiate a deorbit burn braking maneuver of about 41⁄2 minutes to slow the spacecraft 

and enable it to drop out of orbit to begin its re-entry to Earth. 

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Less than a half hour later, just above the first traces of the atmosphere, computers will 

command the separation of the three modules of the Soyuz vehicle. With the crew 

strapped in to the Descent Module, the forward Orbital Module containing the docking 

mechanism and rendezvous antennas and the rear Instrumentation and Propulsion 

Module, which houses the engines and avionics, will burn up in the atmosphere. 

The Descent Module’s computers will orient the capsule with its ablative heat shield 

pointing forward to repel the buildup of heat as it plunges into the atmosphere. The crew 

will feel the first effects of gravity in almost six months at the point called Entry Interface, 

when the module is about 400,000 feet above the Earth, about 3 minutes after module 

separation. 

About 8 minutes later at an altitude of about 10 kilometers, traveling at about 220 

meters per second, the Soyuz’ computers will begin a commanded sequence for the 

deployment of the capsule’s parachutes. First, two “pilot” parachutes will be deployed, 

extracting a drogue parachute. Within 16 seconds, the Soyuz’s descent will slow to 

about 80 meters per second. 

The initiation of the parachute deployment will create a gentle spin for the Soyuz as it 

dangles underneath the drogue chute, assisting in the capsule’s stability in the final 

minutes before touchdown. 

At this point, the drogue chute is jettisoned, allowing the main parachute to be deployed. 

Connected to the Descent Module by two harnesses, the main parachute covers an 

area of about 1,000 square meters. Initially, the Descent Module will hang underneath 

the main parachute at a 30-degree angle with respect to the horizon for aerodynamic 

stability, but the bottommost harness will be severed a few minutes before landing, 

allowing the Descent Module to hang vertically through touchdown. The deployment of 

the main parachute slows down the Descent Module to a velocity of about 7 meters per 

second. 

Within minutes, at an altitude of a little more than 5 kilometers, the crew will monitor the 

jettison of the Descent Module’s heat shield, which is followed by the termination of the 

aerodynamic spin cycle and the dumping of any residual propellant from the Soyuz. 

Computers also will arm the module’s seat shock absorbers in preparation for landing. 

With the jettisoning of the capsule’s heat shield, the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the 

surface of the Earth. Using a reflector system, signals are bounced to the ground from 

the Soyuz and reflected back, providing the capsule’s computers updated information 

on altitude and rate of descent. 

At an altitude of about 12 meters, cockpit displays will tell Padalka to prepare for the soft 

landing engine firing. Just one meter above the surface, and just seconds before 

touchdown, the six solid propellant engines are fired in a final braking maneuver, 

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National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

enabling the Soyuz to land to complete its mission, settling down at a velocity of about 

1.5 meters per second. 

A recovery team, including a U.S. flight surgeon and astronaut support personnel, will 

be in the landing area in a convoy of Russian military helicopters awaiting the Soyuz 

landing. Once the capsule touches down, the helicopters will land nearby to begin the 

removal of the crew. 

Within minutes of landing, a portable medical tent will be set up near the capsule in 

which the crew can change out of its launch and entry suits. Russian technicians will 

open the module’s hatch and begin to remove the crew, one-by-one. They will be 

seated in special reclining chairs near the capsule for initial medical tests and to provide 

an opportunity to begin readapting to Earth’s gravity. 

Within two hours after landing, the crew will be assisted to the helicopters for a flight 

back to Kustanai, in northwest Kazakhstan near the Russian border, where local 

officials will welcome them. The crew will then board a Russian military transport plane 

to be flown back to the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, where 

their families will meet them. In all, it will take about eight hours between landing and 

return to Star City. 

Assisted by a team of flight surgeons, the crew will undergo more than two weeks of 

medical tests and physical rehabilitation before Padalka and Fincke return to the U.S. 

for additional debriefings and follow-up exams. Shargin’s acclimation to Earth’s gravity 

will be shorter because his flight was shorter. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Key Times for ISS Soyuz-9 and Soyuz-8 Launch to Landing Activities: 

Expedition 10 Launch on ISS Soyuz-9: 

Oct. 13 at 10:06 p.m. CT, 306 GMT on Oct. 14; 7:06 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 14; 

9:06 a.m. Baikonur time on Oct. 14 

Expedition 10 Soyuz Docking to the ISS (Pirs Docking Compartment): 

Oct. 15 at 11:24 p.m. CT, 424 GMT on Oct. 16, 8:24 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 16. 

Expedition 10 Hatch Opening to the ISS (2 orbits after docking): 

Oct. 16 at 2:25 a.m. CT, 725 GMT on Oct. 16, 11:25 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 16. 

Expedition 9 Hatch Closing: 

Oct. 23 at 1 p.m. CT, 1800 GMT on Oct. 23, 10 p.m. Moscow time on Oct. 23, 

midnight Kustanai time on Oct. 24. 

Expedition 9 Undocking from the ISS on ISS Soyuz-8: 

Oct. 23 at 4:05 p.m. CT, 2105 GMT on Oct. 23, 1:05 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24, 

3:05 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24. 

Expedition 9 Deorbit Burn: 

Oct. 23 at 6:40 p.m. CT, 2340 GMT on Oct. 23, 3:40 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24, 

5:40 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24. 

Expedition 9 Landing on Soyuz 8: 

Oct. 23 at 7:32 p.m. CT, 0032 GMT on Oct. 24, 4:32 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24, 

6:32 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24. 

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Soyuz 8 Entry Timeline 

Separation Command to Begin to Open Hooks and Latches: 

Undocking Command + 0 mins.

4:02 p.m. CT Oct. 23 

2102 GMT Oct. 23 

1:02 a.m. Moscow time Oct. 24 

3:02 a.m. Kustanai time Oct. 24 

Hooks Opened / Physical Separation of Soyuz from Pirs nadir port 

at .1 meter/sec: 

Undocking Command + 3 mins.

4:05 p.m. CT Oct. 23 

2105 GMT Oct. 23 

1:05 a.m. Moscow time Oct. 24 

3:05 a.m. Kustanai time Oct. 24 

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Separation Burn from ISS (15 second burn of the Soyuz engines, .57 meters/sec; 

Soyuz distance from the ISS is ~20 meters): 

Undocking Command + 6 mins.

4:11 p.m. CT Oct. 23 

2111 GMT Oct. 23 

1:11 a.m. Moscow time Oct. 24 

3:11 a.m. Kustanai time Oct. 24 

Deorbit Burn (appx 4:21 in duration; Soyuz distance from the ISS 

is ~19 kilometers): 

Undocking Command appx + 2 hours, 30 

mins.

6:40 p.m. CT on Oct. 23 

2340 GMT on Oct. 23 

3:40 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24 

5:40 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24 

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National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Separation of Modules (~28 mins. after Deorbit Burn): 

Undocking Command + ~2 hours, 

57 mins.

7:05 p.m. CT on Oct. 23 

0005 GMT on Oct. 24 

4:05 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24 

6:04 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24 

Entry Interface (400,000 feet in altitude; 3 mins. after Module Separation; 31 mins. 

after Deorbit Burn): 

Undocking Command + ~3 hours 

7:08 p.m. CT on Oct. 23 

0008 GMT on Oct. 24 

4:08 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24 

6:08 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24 

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Command to Open Chutes (8 minutes after Entry Interface; 39 minutes after 

Deorbit Burn): 

Undocking Command + ~3 hours, 8 mins.

7:16 p.m. CT on Oct. 23 

0016 GMT on Oct. 24 

4:16 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24 

6:16 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24 

Two pilot parachutes are first deployed, 

the second of which extracts the drogue 

chute. 

The drogue chute is then released, 

24-square meters; slowing the Soyuz from 

a descent rate of 230 meters/second to 

80 meters/second. 

The 1000-square meter main parachute is 

then released. It slows the Soyuz to a 

descent rate of 7.2 meters/second. Its 

harnesses first allow the Soyuz to descend 

at an angle of 30 degrees to expel heat, 

then shift the Soyuz to a straight vertical 

descent. 

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National Aeronautics and 

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Soft Landing Engine Firing (6 engines fire to slow the Soyuz descent rate to 1.5 

meters/second just .8 meter above the ground) 

Landing - appx. 2 seconds 

Landing (~47 minutes after Deorbit Burn): 

Undocking Command + ~3 hours, 

24 mins.

7:32 p.m. CT on Oct. 23 

0032 GMT on Oct. 24 

4:32 a.m. Moscow time on Oct. 24 

6:32 a.m. Kustanai time on Oct. 24 

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Space Administration 

Science Overview 

Expedition 10 – the 10th science research mission on the International Space Station – 

is scheduled to begin in October 2004, when the 10th crew arrives at the Space Station 

aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Designated the 9S mission for the ninth Soyuz to 

visit the Station, a two-person crew will replace the Expedition 9 crew, Michael Fincke 

and Gennady Padalka. They are scheduled to return home in October on another 

Soyuz spacecraft (8S), docked at the Station. 

During Expedition 10, two Russian Progress cargo flights – called 16P and 17P for the 

16th and 17th Progress vehicles – are scheduled to dock with the Space Station. The 

Progress resupply ships will transport supplies to the Station and also may carry 

scientific equipment. 

Much of the research activities for Expedition 10 will be carried out with scientific 

facilities and samples already on board the Space Station. Additional experiments are 

being evaluated and prepared to make use of limited cargo space on the Soyuz or 

Progress vehicles. The research agenda for the expedition remains flexible. While most 

equipment and samples can remain on board the Station with minimal or no detrimental 

effects, a few perishable samples – urine samples and crystals, for example – may be 

returned to Earth on the Soyuz. 

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Space Administration 

Astronaut Leroy Chiao (left), Expedition 10 commander and NASA ISS science 

officer, and cosmonaut Salizhan S. Sharipov, flight engineer representing 

Russia’s Federal Space Agency, participate in a training session in the 

International Space Station (ISS) Quest airlock mockup/trainer in the Space 

Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center (JSC). 

The Expedition 10 crewmembers, Commander Leroy Chiao, also the NASA Space 

Station Science Officer, and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, will maintain the Station 

and work with science teams on the ground to operate experiments and collect data. 

The Expedition 10 crew has more than 200 hours of possible payload activities. Space 

Station science also will be conducted by the ever-present additional "crewmembers" – 

the team of controllers and scientists on the ground, who will continue to plan, monitor 

and operate experiments from control centers across the United States. 

A team of controllers for Expedition 10 will work in the Space Station's Payload 

Operations Center – the world's primary science command post for the Space Station – 

at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Ala. Controllers work in three shifts 

around the clock, seven days a week in the Payload Operations Center, which links 

researchers around the world with their experiments and the crew aboard the Station. 

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Space Administration 

Experiments Using On-board Resources 

Many experiments from earlier Expeditions remain aboard the Space Station and will 

continue to benefit from the long-term research platform provided by the orbiting 

laboratory. These experiments include: 

Crew Earth Observations (CEO) takes advantage of the crew in space to observe and 

photograph natural and man-made changes on Earth. The photographs record 

observable Earth surface changes over time, as well as more fleeting events such as 

storms, floods, fires and volcanic eruptions. Together they provide researchers on Earth 

with vital, continuous images needed to better understand the planet. 

Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM), an education 

experiment, allows students to program a digital camera aboard the Station to take 

pictures of a variety of geographical targets for study in the classroom. 

Behavioral Issues Associated with Isolation and Confinement: Review and 

Analysis of Astronaut Journals gathers information on behavioral and human factors 

related to the design of the equipment and procedures and sustained human 

performance during long-duration missions. 

Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions 

(InSPACE) seeks to gather basic data on magnetorheological fluids -- a new class of 

"smart materials" that can be used to improve or develop new brake systems, seat 

suspensions, robotics, clutches, airplane landing gear, and vibration damper systems. 

Samples for this experiment onboard the Station can be processed inside the 

Microgravity Science Glovebox facility, an enclosed work area that allows the crew to 

work safely with these fluids. 

Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI), an experiment performed in the 

Microgravity Science Glovebox, will melt samples of transparent modeling material to 

study how bubbles can be trapped in metal or crystal samples during space processing. 

Eliminating these bubbles could contribute to the development of stronger materials. 

Several samples were processed inside the glovebox during Expeditions 5, 7, 8 and 9. 

These samples can be processed several times with different experiment settings, 

allowing investigators to study different phenomena. 

Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) is a suitcasesized experiment attached to the outside of the Space Station. It exposes hundreds of 

potential space construction materials to the environment. The samples will be returned 

to Earth for study during a later expedition. Investigators will use the resulting data to 

design stronger, more durable spacecraft. 

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Space Administration 

Serial Network Flow Monitor (SNFM) involves the crew installing software on the 

EXPRESS Laptop computer to monitor communications and analyze the amount of 

data flowing between the payloads aboard the Space Station. Results will show payload 

operators how efficiently their data is sent through the computers onboard. 

Protein Crystal Growth Single-locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) will 

continue to process crystals that have been growing since Expedition 6. Crystals also 

were grown on Expeditions 2, 4 and 5, then returned to Earth for analysis. The facility 

provides a temperature-controlled environment for growing high-quality protein crystals 

of selected proteins in microgravity for later analyses on the ground to determine the 

proteins’ molecular structure. Research may contribute to advances in medicine, 

agriculture and other fields. 

Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and Microgravity Acceleration 

Measurement System (MAMS) sensors measure vibrations caused by crew, 

equipment and other sources that could disturb microgravity experiments. 

For the Cell Biotechnology Operations Support Systems Fluid Dynamics 

Investigation (CBOSS - FDI), crewmembers will conduct a fluid-mixing test using 

CBOSS fluid samples. CBOSS is used to grow three-dimensional tissue that retains the 

form and function of natural living tissue, a capability that could hold insights in studying 

human diseases, including various types of cancer, diabetes, heart disease and AIDS. 

These types of cellular experiments were conducted during Expeditions 3 and 4. A 

critical step in performing these cell experiments involves mixing fluids. These fluidmixing tests will be conducted to improve future experiments. 

Education Payload Operations (EPO) includes educational activities that will focus on 

demonstrating science, mathematics, technology, engineering or geography principles. 

EPO is designed to support the NASA Mission to inspire the next generation of explorers. 

Binary Colloidal Alloy Test – 3 (BCAT – 3) will study the long-term behavior of colloids 

– a system of fine particles suspended in a fluid – in a microgravity environment, where 

the effects of sedimentation and convection are removed. Crewmembers will evenly mix 

the samples, photograph the growth and formations of the colloids, and downlink the 

images for analysis. This experiment began on Expedition 8. 

Pre- and Post-flight Human Physiology

Many continuing experiments will use pre- and post-flight measurements of Expedition 

10 crewmembers (as well as some on-orbit operations) to study changes in the body 

caused by exposure to the microgravity environment. 

Promoting Sensorimotor Response to Generalizability: A Countermeasure to 

Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-duration Spaceflight (Mobility) studies 

changes in posture and gait after long-duration spaceflight. No on-orbit crew time is 

required. 

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Space Administration 

Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) involves crewmembers 

conducting on-orbit ultrasound exams on one another to determine the accuracy of 

using ultrasound to diagnose certain types of on-orbit injuries and to assess whether 

ultrasound is a feasible option for monitoring in-flight bone alterations. 

Biopsy allows researchers to take biopsies of their calf muscles before and after their 

stay on board the Space Station. This will allow scientists to begin developing an inspace countermeasure exercise program aimed at keeping muscles at their peak

performance during long missions in space. Some on-orbit crew time is required.

Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (Chromosome)

will study space radiation on humans. The expected results will provide a better 

knowledge of the genetic risk of astronauts in space and can help to optimize radiation 

shielding. No on-orbit crew time is required. 

Destiny Laboratory Facilities 

Several research facilities are in place aboard the Station to support Expedition 10 

science investigations. 

The Human Research Facility is designed to house and support a variety of life 

sciences experiments. It includes equipment for lung function tests, ultrasound to image 

the heart and many other types of computers and medical equipment. 

The Microgravity Science Glovebox is the other major dedicated science facility 

inside Destiny. It has a large front window and built-in gloves to provide a sealed 

environment for conducting science and technology experiments. The Glovebox is 

particularly suited for handling hazardous materials when a crew is present. 

The Destiny lab also is outfitted with five EXPRESS Racks. EXPRESS (Expedite the 

Processing of Experiments to the Space Station) racks are standard payload racks 

designed to provide experiments with a variety of utilities such as power, data, cooling, 

fluids and gasses. The racks support payloads in several disciplines, including biology, 

chemistry, physics, ecology and medicine. The racks stay in orbit, while experiments 

are changed as needed. EXPRESS Racks 2 and 3 are equipped with the Active Rack 

Isolation System (ARIS) for countering minute vibrations from crew movement or 

operating equipment that could disturb delicate experiments. 

On the Internet: 

For fact sheets, imagery and more on Expedition 10 experiments and payload 

operations, click on http://www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov

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Space Administration 

The Payload Operations Center 

The Payload Operations Center (POC) at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in 

Huntsville, Ala., is the world’s primary science command post for the International 

Space Station. 

The Payload Operations team is responsible for managing all science research 

experiments aboard the Station. The center also is home for coordination of the 

mission-planning work of a variety of international sources, all science payload 

deliveries and retrieval, and payload training and payload safety programs for the 

Station crew and all ground personnel. 

State-of-the-art computers and communications equipment deliver round-the-clock 

reports from science outposts around the planet to systems controllers and science 

experts staffing numerous consoles beneath the glow of wall-sized video screens. Other 

computers stream information to and from the Space Station itself, linking the orbiting 

research facility with the science command post on Earth. 

The International Space Station will accommodate dozens of experiments in fields as 

diverse as medicine, human life sciences, biotechnology, agriculture, manufacturing, 

Earth observation, and more. 

Managing these science assets -- as well as the time and space required to accommodate 

experiments and programs from a host of private, commercial, industry and government 

agencies worldwide -- makes the job of coordinating Space Station research a critical one. 

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Space Administration 

The POC continues the role Marshall has played in management and operation of 

NASA’s on-orbit science research. In the 1970s, Marshall managed the science 

program for Skylab, the first American space station. Spacelab -- the international 

science laboratory carried to orbit in the early '80s by the Space Shuttle for more than a 

dozen missions -- was the prototype for Marshall’s Space Station science operations. 

The POC is the focal point for incorporating research and experiment requirements from 

all international partners into an integrated Space Station payload mission plan. 

Four international partner control centers -- in the United States, Japan, Russia and one 

representing the 11 participating countries of Europe -- prepare independent science 

plans for the POC. Each partner’s plan is based on submissions from its participating 

universities, science institutes and commercial companies. 

The U.S. partner control center incorporates submissions from Italy, Brazil and Canada 

until those nations develop partner centers of their own. The U.S. center’s plan also 

includes payloads commissioned by NASA from the four Telescience Support Centers 

in the United States. Each support center is responsible for integrating specific 

disciplines of study with commercial payload operations. They are: 

• Marshall Space Flight Center, managing microgravity (materials sciences, 

biotechnology research, microgravity research, space product development) 

• Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., managing gravitational biology 

and ecology (research on plants and animals) 

• John Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, managing microgravity (fluids and 

combustion research) 

• Johnson Space Center in Houston, managing human life sciences (physiological 

and behavioral studies, crew health and performance) 

The POC combines inputs from all the partners into a Science Payload Operations 

master plan, delivered to the Space Station Control Center at Johnson Space Center to 

be integrated into a weekly work schedule. All necessary resources are then allocated, 

available time and rack space are determined, and key personnel are assigned to 

oversee the execution of science experiments and operations in orbit. 

Once payload schedules are finalized, the POC oversees delivery of experiments to the 

Space Station. These will be constantly in cycle: new payloads will be delivered by the 

Space Shuttle, or aboard launch vehicles provided by international partners; completed 

experiments and samples will be returned to Earth via the Shuttle. This dynamic 

environment provides the true excitement and challenge of science operations aboard 

the Space Station. 

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Space Administration 

Housed in a two-story complex at Marshall, the POC is staffed around the clock by 

three shifts of 13 to 19 systems controllers -- essentially the same number of controllers 

that staffed the operations center for Spacelab more than a decade earlier. 

During Space Station operations, however, center personnel will routinely manage three 

to four times the number of experiments as were conducted aboard Spacelab, and also 

will be responsible for Station-wide payload safety, planning, execution and 

troubleshooting. 

The POC’s main flight control team, or the "cadre," is headed by the Payload 

Operations Director, who approves all science plans in coordination with Mission 

Control at Johnson, the Station crew and various outside research facilities. 

The Payload Communications Manager, the voice of the POC, coordinates and delivers 

messages and project data to the Station. The Systems Configuration Manager 

monitors Station life support systems. The Operations Controller oversees Station 

science operations resources such as tools and supplies. The Photo and TV Operations 

Manager is responsible for Station video systems and links to the POC. 

The Timeline Maintenance Manager maintains the daily calendar of station work 

assignments, based on the plan generated at Johnson Space Center, as well as daily 

status reports from the Station crew. The Payload Rack Officer monitors rack integrity, 

temperature control and the proper working conditions of Station experiments. 

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Space Administration 

Additional systems and support controllers routinely monitor payload data systems, 

provide research and science expertise during experiments, and evaluate and modify 

timelines and safety procedures as payload schedules are revised. 

The international partner control centers include Mission Control Center, Moscow; the 

Columbus Orbital Facility Control Center, Oberpfaffenhoffen, Germany; Tsukuba Space 

Center, Tsukuba, Japan; and the Space Station Control Center at Johnson Space 

Center. NASA’s primary Space Station Control Center, Johnson, is also home to the 

U.S. partner control center, which prepares the science plan on behalf of the United 

States, Brazil, Canada and Italy. 

For updates to this fact sheet, visit the Marshall News Center at: 

http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news

http://www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov 

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 Expedition 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Russian Increment 10 Research 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Commercial KHT-1 GTS Electronics unit; 

Antenna assembly with attachment mechanism 

Global time system test development 

Commercial KHT-2 MPAC&SEED Equipment for catching microparticles 

and for exposing MPAC&SEED materials Special returnable cassette Transfer rack with interface 

Study of meteoroid and man-made environment and of the outer space factor effects on exposed materials 

Commercial KHT-20 GCF-JAXA Kit GCF-02 Protein crystallization Commercial KHT-29 ROKVISS Monobloc unit of manipulator 

ROBOTIK, Onboard controller Receiver-transmitter with mechanical adapter array 

Hinge joints operation working-off 

Technology &Material Science 

-7 SVS 	




	
 -3" 

equipment

Self-propagating high-temperature fusion in space 

Geophysical -1 Relaksatsiya “Fialka-MB-Kosmos” - Spectrozonal 

ultraviolet system 

Study of chemiluminescent chemical reactions and atmospheric light phenomena that occur during high-velocity interaction between the exhaust products from spacecraft propulsion systems and the Earth atmosphere at orbital altitudes and durinthe entry of space vehicles into the Earth upper atmosphere 

Geophysical -8 Uragan “Rubinar” telescope 

Nominal hardware: Kodak 760 camera; Nikon D1 LIV video system 

Experimental verification of the ground and spacebased system for predicting natural and man-made disasters, mitigating the damage caused, and facilitating recovery 

Geophysical -10 Molniya-SM  Study of the electrodynamic interaction between 

the Earth atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere associated with thunderstorm or seismic activity using a video photometric system 

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Biomedical -1 Sprut-MBI Sprut-K kit 

Nominal Hardware: Tsentr power supply; Central Post Computer laptop 

Study of human bodily fluids during long-duration space flight 

Biomedical -2 Diurez Urine receptacle kit; 

KB-03 container; Nominal Hardware: Kriogem-03 freezer; Plazma-03 kit; Hematocrit kit 

Study of fluid-electrolyte metabolism and hormonaregulation of blood volume in microgravity 

Biomedical -4 Farma Saliva-F kit Study of specific pharmacological effects under 

long-duration space flight conditions 

Biomedical -5 Kardio-ODNT Nominal Hardware: 

Gamma-1M equipment; Chibis countermeasures vacuum suit 

Comprehensive study of the cardiac activity and blood circulation primary parameter dynamics 

Biomedical -7 Biotest Nominal Hardware: 

Gamma-1M equipment; Hematocrit kit 

Biochemical mechanisms of metabolic adaptation to space flight environment 

Biomedical -8 Profilaktika Laktat kit; 

TEEM-100M gas analyzer; Accusport device; Nominal Hardware: Reflotron-4 kit; TVIS treadmill; 

-3 cycle ergometer; 

Set of bungee cords; Computer; Tsentr equipment power supply 

Study of the action mechanism and efficacy of various countermeasures aimed at preventing locomotor system disorders in weightlessness 

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Biomedical -9 Pulse Pulse set, Pulse kit; 

Nominal Hardware: Computer 

Study of the autonomic regulation of the human cardiorespiratory system in weightlessness 

Biomedical -11 Gematologia Erythrocyte kit 

Nominal hardware: Kriogem-03 freezer Plazma-03 kit Hematocrit kit 

New data obtaining of the outer space factor effecton human blood system in order to extend its diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, studying the mechanism of appearance of changes in hematological values (space anemia, lymphocytosis) 

Biomedical -15 Pilot Right Control Handle 

Left Control Handle Synchronizer Unit ( ) 

ULTRABIY-2000 Unit Nominal hardware:

 

Researching for individual features of state psychophysiological regulation and crewmembers professional activities during long space flights. 

Biomedical -2 Biorisk Biorisk-KM set (4 units) 

Biorisk-MSV conteiners (6 units) 

Study of space flight impact on microorganismssubstrates systems state related to space technique ecological safety and planetary quarantine problem 

Biomedical -5 Rasteniya-2 Lada greenhouse; 

Water container; Nominal Hardware: Sony DVCam; Computer 

Study of the space flight effect on the growth and development of higher plants 

Biomedical -10 Mezhkletochnoe 

vzaimodeistvie 

(Intercellular 

interaction) 

Fibroblast-1 kit Aquarius hardware (+37oC during 24 

hours) Glovebox Nominal hardware: Kriogem-03 freezer 

-03 container

Study of microgravity influence on cells surface behavior and intercellular interaction 

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 Expedition 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Biomedical -1 Prognoz Nominal Hardware for the radiation 

monitoring system: P-16 dosimeter; 

-8 dosimeters (4 each) 

Development of a method for real-time prediction odose loads on the crews of manned spacecraft 

Biomedical -2 Bradoz Bradoz kit Yersinia Bioradiation dosimetry in space flight Biomedical -3 Matryeshka-R Study of radiation environment dynamics along the 

ISS RS flight path and in ISS compartments, and dose accumulation in antroph-amorphous phantomlocated inside and outside ISS 

-3-1 

(1 stage) 

 Passive detectors unit 

Phantom set 

-3-3

(3 stage) 

 Matryeshka equipment (monoblock) 

Study of Earth natural resources and ecological monitoring 

-2 Diatomea Nikon F5 camera; 

DSR-PD1P video camera; Dictophone; Laptop No. 3; Diatomea kit 

Study of the stability of the geographic position and form of the boundaries of the World Ocean biologically active water areas observed by space station crews 

Biotechnology -2 Mimetik-K Anti-idiotypic antibodies as adjuvant-active 

glycoproteid mimetic 

Biotechnology -4 Vaktsina-K Structural analysis of proteins-candidates for 

vaccine effective against AIDS 

Biotechnology -20 Interleukin-K 

Luch-2 biocrystallizer 

Obtaining of high-
  
 


and interleukin receptor antagonist - 1 

Biotechnology -10 Kon’yugatsiya 

(Conjugation) 

Rekomb-K hardware Biocont-T hardware Kriogem-03M freezer Nominal hardware: Kriogem-03 freezer 

Working through the process of genetic material transmission using bacteria conjugation method 

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Biotechnology -11 Biodegradatsiya Bioproby kit Assessment of the initial stages of biodegradation 

and biodeterioration of the surfaces of structural materials 

Biotechnology -12 Bioekologiya Bioekologiya kit; 

(Kits 3 and 4) 

Generation of high-efficiency strains of microorganisms to produce petroleum biodegradation compounds, organophosphorus substances, vegetation protection agents, and exopolysaccharides to be used in the petroleum industry 

Biotechnology -14 Bioemulsiya “Bioemulsiya” kit Study and improvement of closed-type autonomou

reactor for obtaining biomass of microorganisms and bioactive substance without additional ingredients input and metabolism products remova

Technical Studies -5 

(SDTO 16002-R) 

Meteoroid Nominal micrometeoroid monitoring 

system: MMK-2 electronics unit; 



 , 

!  "#


$%


Recording of meteoroid and man-made particles othe ISS RS Service Module exterior surface 

Technical Studies -8 Toksichnost Test-system “Biotoks-10A” Development of a system for express monitoring o

water toxicity in space flight 

Technical Studies -20 Plazmennyi 

Kristall 

Plazmennyi kristall equipment Telescience flight equipment

Study of the plasma-dust crystals and fluids under microgravity 

Technical Studies -22 

(SDTO 13001-R) 

Identifikatsiya Nominal Hardware: 

& 


Identification of disturbance sources when the microgravity conditions on the ISS are disrupted 

Technical Studies -25 Skorpion Skorpion equipment Development, testing, and verification of a multifunctional instrument to monitor the science 

experiment conditions inside ISS pressurized compartments 

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 Expedition 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Complex Analysis. Effectiveness Estimation 

-3 Econ "Rubinar" hardware 

"Econ" kit Nominal Hardware: Nikon D1 digital camera, Laptop 

Experimental researching of ISS RS resources estimating for ecological investigation of areas 

Space energy systems 

- Kromka Tray with materials to be exposed Study of the dynamics of contamination from liquid

fuel thruster jets during burns, and verification of the efficacy of devices designed to protect the ISS exterior surfaces from contamination 

Pre/Post Flight Motor control Electromiograph, control unit, 

tensometric pedal, miotometer «Miotonus», «GAZE» equipment 

Study of hypo-gravitational ataxia syndrome; 

Pre/Post Flight MION Impact of microgravity on muscular characteristicsPre/Post Flight Izokinez Isokinetic ergometer «LIDO», 

electromiograph, reflotron-4, cardiac reader, scarifier 

Microgravity impact on voluntary muscular contraction; human motor system re-adaptation to gravitation. 

Pre/Post Flight Tendometria Universal electrostimulator ( -

1);bio-potential amplifier ( -1-02); 

tensometric amplifier; oscilloscope with memory; oscillograph 

Microgravity impact on induced muscular contraction; long duration space flight impact on muscular and peripheral nervous apparatus 

Pre/Post Flight Ravnovesie "Ravnovesie" ("”Equilibrium") 

equipment 

Sensory and motor mechanisms in vertical pose control after long duration exposure to microgravity

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Category Experiment Code Experiment Name Hardware Description Research Objective 

Pre/Post Flight Sensory 

adaptation 

IBM PC, Pentium 11 with 32-bit s/w for Windows API Microsoft. 

Countermeasures and correction of adaptation to space syndrome and of motion sickness. 

Pre/Post Flight Lokomotsii Bi-lateral video filming, tensometry, 

miography, pose metric equipment. 

Kinematic and dynamic locomotion characteristics prior and after space flight. 

Pre/Post Flight Peregruzki Medical monitoring nominal 

equipment: Alfa-06, Mir 3A7 used during descent phase. 

G-forces on Soyuz and recommendations for antig-force countermeasures development 

Pre/Post Flight Polymorphism No hardware is used in-flight Genotype parameters related to human individual 

tolerance to space flight conditions. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Space Administration 

U.S Experiments 

Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity 

Effect of Prolonged Spaceflight on Human Skeletal Muscle (Biopsy) 

Cell Biotechnology Operations Support Systems Fluid Dynamics Investigation 

(CBOSS-FDI) 

Crew Earth Observations (CEO) 

Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (Chromosome) 

Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM) 

Educational Payload Operations (EPO) 

Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions 

(InSPACE) 

Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interactions During ISS Missions (Interactions) 

Journals 

Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) and Space Acceleration 

and Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) 

Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) 

Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to 

Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-duration Spaceflight (MOBILITY) 

Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI) 

Protein Crystal Growth Single-locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) 

Serial Network Flow Monitor 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

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Space Administration 

Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Scott Dulchavsky, Chair, Department of Surgery, 

Henry Ford Health System, Detroit 

Overview 

Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) will be used to determine the 

ability of minimally trained Station crewmembers to perform advanced ultrasound 

examinations after using a computer-based training program. The crewmember being 

“examined” will be immobilized on the Crew Medical Restraint System backboard. The 

other crewmember will then examine him using the Human Research Facility ultrasound 

equipment under the direction of a doctor in the Mission Control Center in Houston. 

Verification of these advanced ultrasound techniques and telemedicine strategies could 

have widespread applications in emergency and rural care situations on Earth. 

Flight History 

ADUM was first tested with remote guidance from the ground control team during 

Expedition 5. The experiment was done during Expedition 8 and Expedition 9. 

Flight Operations 

The Ultrasound Imaging System provides three-dimensional image enlargement of the 

heart and other organs, muscles and blood vessels. It is capable of high-resolution 

imaging in a wide range of applications, both research and diagnostic, such as: 

- Echocardiography, or ultrasound of the heart 

- Abdominal ultrasound, deep organ 

- Vascular ultrasound 

- Gynecological ultrasound 

- Muscle and tendon ultrasound 

- Transcranial ultrasound 

- Ultrasound contrast studies 

- Small parts ultrasound 

The ultrasound equipment located in the Human 

Research Facility provides three-dimensional imaging of 

the heart and other organs, muscles and blood vessels. 

The only maintenance to be performed by Space Station crewmembers on the 

ultrasound system is vacuuming an inlet air debris screen as necessary. 

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Space Administration 

Benefits 

Ultrasound techniques developed by NASA to examine International Space Station 

crewmembers are finding new uses in treating medical emergencies on Earth. The 

procedures can be readily learned by non-physicians and can provide an accurate 

diagnostic tool when coupled with Internet, telephone or wireless transmission of 

ultrasound images to remote experts. Developers are investigating satellite phone 

technology to allow the technique to be expanded for use on ambulances or at accident 

sites. 

More Information 

For more information and photos on the Human Research Facility, visit: 

http://www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov/

http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/

hrf.jsc.nasa.gov

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Effect of Prolonged Spaceflight on Human Skeletal Muscle (Biopsy) 

Missions: Expeditions 5-11, preflight and postflight 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Robert H. Fitts, Marquette University, Milwaukee 

Co-investigators: Dr. Scott Trappe and Dr. David Costill, Ball State University, 

Muncie, Ind., and Dr. Danny Riley, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 

Project Manager: Bradley Rhodes, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Overview 

As engineers develop technologies that will carry humans to Mars, scientists search for 

ways to make sure space travelers will arrive on the Red Planet healthy and ready to 

explore – and return to Earth healthy, too. One of the human systems most affected by 

extended stays in space is the neuromuscular system. Past space missions have shown 

weightlessness can cause deterioration of muscle fiber, nerves and physical strength. 

Research Objective 

To determine the time course and extent of functional and structural change in limb 

skeletal muscle with prolonged spaceflight, establish the cellular mechanisms of the 

observed functional alterations, and calculate the new steady state that would likely be 

reached in calf muscle structure and function following a trip to Mars and back. 

Flight History/Background 

A series of human physiology experiments during the Space Shuttle STS-78 Life and 

Microgravity Spacelab mission in June 1996 focused on the effects of weightlessness 

on skeletal muscles. Astronauts provided biopsies before and after flight, and exercised 

in space using a Torque Velocity Dynamometer to measure changes in muscle forces in 

the arms and legs. This mission provided the first set of data for use in determining how 

long it takes for change in skeletal muscle structure and function to occur. Expeditions 

5-11 build on that 17-day mission. Results are needed from the longer stays in space, 

which the International Space Station can provide, before longer crewed missions 

exploring deeper into space can take place. 

Benefits 

Crew safety is NASA’s top priority when planning human space exploration. The results 

of this research will be used to calculate specific changes that will happen to muscles 

on a flight to Mars and back, so effective countermeasures can be developed, ensuring 

the arrival – and return – of a healthy crew 

For more about Expedition 10 science experiments please visit the Web at: 

www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov or www.spaceflight.nasa.gov

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Space Administration 

Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support SystemFluid Dynamics Investigation (CBOSS-FDI) 

Project Manager: John Love, Cellular Biotechnology Program, Biological Systems 

Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Principal Investigators: Joshua Zimmerberg, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 

J. Milburn Jessup, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 

Overview 

The near-weightless (microgravity) environment of orbital spaceflight affords 

unprecedented opportunities in biomedical research and biotechnology. Adherent 

mammalian cells cultured on Earth, under the persistent influence of unit gravity 

characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems, typically proliferate into a two-dimensional 

monolayer array. In contrast, previous Space Shuttle and Mir experiments 

demonstrated that adherent mammalian cells, cultured in vitro in space, grow into threedimensional tissue assemblies that are similar to their natural counterparts in some of 

their molecular, structural, and functional characteristics. 

For more than a decade the goal of the NASA Cellular Biotechnology Program at 

Johnson Space Center has been to develop and utilize microgravity technology to 

support the scientific community’s research in cell biology and tissue engineering. 

Previous cellular biotechnology investigations included the longest duration continuous 

cell culture in space (Mir NASA 3) and mapping of the genetic signatures of cells in 

microgravity (STS-90, STS-106). In addition, the program developed the NASA rotating 

bioreactor, which is employed for ground-based propagation of cells in a suspended 

state with minimal stress. 

The Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support System (CBOSS) is a stationary 

bioreactor system developed by the Cellular Biotechnology Program for the cultivation 

of cells aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The CBOSS payload complement 

consists of the following hardware elements. Cell cultures are incubated in the 

Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller (BSTC), which contains an isothermal 

chamber with carbon dioxide concentration control. The Gas Supply Module (GSM) 

provides pressurized gases to the incubator unit, while the Biotechnology Refrigerator 

(BTR) serves for cold storage of labile experiment components. The Biotechnology Cell 

Science Stowage (BCSS) is comprised of caddies containing experiment supplies and 

cryodewars for the transport of cryopreserved cells for on-orbit inoculation and the 

return of frozen biospecimen samples. Cellular Biotechnology Program experiments 

conducted in the ISS with this system during Expeditions 3, 4, and 5 involved human 

kidney cells, human colon cancer cells, rat adrenal gland tumor cells, ovarian cancer 

cells, mouse blood cancer cells, human immune system tissue, and human liver cells, 

representing principal investigators from various institutions and industry. 

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Typically CBOSS is used to provide a controlled environment for the cultivation of cells 

into functional three-dimensional tissues. A critical step in performing these experiments 

involves complete mixing of cells and fluids during various tissue culture procedures. 

The CBOSS - Fluid Dynamics Investigation (FDI) is comprised of a series of 

experiments aimed at optimizing CBOSS operations while contributing to the 

characterization of the CBOSS stationary bioreactor vessel (the Tissue Culture Module 

or TCM) in terms of fluid dynamics in microgravity. These experiments will also validate 

the most efficient fluid mixing techniques on orbit, which are essential to conduct cellular 

research in that environment. In addition, some experiments will examine bubble 

removal and microgravity biotechnology processes with applications to future cell 

science research in space. 

Background/Flight History 

The first cellular biotechnology experiments flew aboard the Space Shuttle in the mid1990s, such as in the STS-70 and STS-85 missions. Long-duration cellular biotechnology 

experiments were conducted in the Biotechnology System facility on the Russian space 

station Mir from 1996 through 1998. Cellular biotechnology experiments were also 

performed onboard the International Space Station during Expeditions 3, 4, and 5. 

In the future, the Biotechnology Facility (BTF) is expected to maximize utilization of the 

ISS microgravity environment by enhancing cellular biotechnology research capabilities 

and increasing scientific output. Because of its continuous operation, BTF research will 

generate a critical threshold of data that the cell science community may use to 

advance research in human tissue engineering and gravitational biology, which could 

have significant impact in science and medicine. 

Benefits 

Bioreactor cell culture in microgravity permits in vitro cultivation of cells into tissue 

constructs of size and quality not possible on Earth. Such a capability provides 

unprecedented opportunities for research in human diseases, including various types of 

cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and AIDS. This approach to tissue engineering and 

modeling has potential applications in areas such as tissue transplantation, drug testing, 

the pathogenesis of infectious microorganisms, and the production of 

biopharmacological therapeutic agents, and may yield insight into the fundamental 

effects of gravity on biological systems. 

More information on NASA biotechnology research and other Expedition 10 

experiments is available at:

http://microgravity.msfc.nasa.gov 

http://scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov 

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Crew Earth Observations (CEO) 

Principal Investigator: Kamlesh Lulla, Ph.D., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Payload Developer: Sue Runco, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Overview 

By allowing photographs to be taken from space, the Crew Earth Observations (CEO) 

experiment provides people on Earth with image data needed to better understand our 

planet. The photographs—taken by crewmembers using handheld cameras—record 

observable Earth surface changes over a period of time, as well as more fleeting events 

such as storms, floods, fires and volcanic eruptions. 

Orbiting 220 miles or more above the Earth, the International Space Station offers an 

ideal vantage point for crewmembers to continue observational efforts that began in the 

early 1960s when space crews first photographed the Earth. This experiment on the 

Space Station began during Expedition 1, STS-97 (ISS Assembly Flight 4A), and is 

planned to continue throughout the life of the Space Station. 

History/Background 

This experiment has flown on every crewed NASA space mission beginning with Gemini 

in 1961. Since that time, astronauts have photographed the Earth, observing the world’s 

geography and documenting events such as hurricanes and other natural phenomena. 

This database of astronaut-acquired Earth imagery is a national treasure for both the 

science community and general public. As a precursor to this ISS experiment, crews 

conducted Earth observations on long-duration NASA-Mir missions and gained 

experience that is useful on board the ISS.

Over the years, space crews also have documented human impacts on Earth—city 

growth, agricultural expansion and reservoir construction. The CEO experiment aboard 

the ISS will build on that knowledge. 

Benefits

Today, images of the world from 10, 20 or 30 years ago provide valuable insight into 

Earth processes and the effects of human developments. Photographic images taken 

by space crews serve as both primary data on the state of the Earth and as secondary 

data to be combined with images from other satellites in orbit. Worldwide more than five 

million users log on to the Astronaut Earth Photography database each year. Through 

their photography of the Earth, Space Station crewmembers will build on the time series 

of imagery started 35 years ago—ensuring this record of Earth remains unbroken. 

These images also have tremendous educational value. Educators use the image 

database to help make future generations of children “Earth-smart.” 

For more information visit: http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/

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Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts 

Principal Investigator: Günter Obe, Ph.D., University of Essen, Germany 

Research Objectives 

Cosmic radiation is a major risk factor in human spaceflight. This study will assess the 

mutagenic impact of ionizing radiations in crewmembers by analyzing chromosomal 

aberrations in blood lymphocytes, from pre- and post-flight blood samples. 

Previous investigations studying chromosomal aberrations were conducted using 

conventional block-stained Giemsa preparations. A disadvantage of this method is that 

only unstable aberrations, which are of less biological significance, can be detected. 

In the past few years, new methods of chromosome recognition were developed, such 

as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multi-color FISH (mFISH), and multi-color 

banding FISH (mBAND), which enable researchers to mark all chromosome pairs and 

allow detection of almost all aberration types in the genome, including stable and 

unstable ones. These new methods will provide new information about the effects of 

space radiation on humans. 

Flight Operations Summary 

The investigation requires 10-15 ml of venous blood to be collected preflight and 

postflight from each participating crewmember. Preflight, the blood draw is scheduled 

together with the L-10 physical, the postflight blood draw is performed within a week of 

landing. 

Flight History/Background 

Dr. Obe and his investigator team had conducted chromosomal aberration studies on 

18 astronauts and cosmonauts flown on board the Space Shuttle and the Mir Space 

Station between 1993 and 1997. 

The study will include blood samples from 20 astronauts: 10 short-duration Shuttle 

crewmembers, and 10 long-duration Expedition crewmembers, living on board the 

International Space Station. The investigation is part of the experiment complement of 

ISS Increment 6 through 10, and part of the experiment complement for the STS-115, 

STS-116 and STS-117 Shuttle flights. 

Benefits 

The expected results will provide a better knowledge of the genetic risk of astronauts in 

space and in consequence can help to optimize radiation shielding. The data will allow 

calculation of aberration frequencies expected during deep-space missions. 

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Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle 

School Students 

Experiment Location on ISS: The U.S. Laboratory Window 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Sally Ride, University of California, San Diego

Operations Manager: Brion J. Au, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Overview 

EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students) is a NASA education 

payload that enables students to photograph and examine Earth from a space crew’s 

perspective. 

Using the Internet, working through the EarthKAM Mission Operations Center located at 

the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), middle school students direct a 

camera mounted at the science-grade window in the station’s Destiny science module 

to capture high-resolution digital images of features around the globe. Students use 

these images to enhance their study of geography, geology, botany, history, earth 

science, and to identify changes occurring on the Earth’s surface, all from the unique 

vantage point of space. Using the high-speed digital communications capabilities of the 

ISS, the images are downlinked in near real-time and posted on the EarthKAM web site 

for the public and participating classrooms around the world to view. 

Experiment Operations 

Funded by NASA, EarthKAM is operated by the University of California, San Diego, and 

NASA field centers. It is an educational payload that allows middle school students to 

conduct research from the International Space Station as it orbits 220 miles above the 

Earth. Using the tools of modern technology – computers, the Internet and a digital 

camera mounted at the Space Station’s laboratory window – EarthKAM students are 

able to take stunning, high-quality digital photographs of our planet. 

The EarthKAM camera is periodically set up in the International Space Station, typically 

for a 4-day data gathering session. The payload is scheduled for operations that 

coincide with the traditional school year. When the ISS crew mounts the camera at the 

window, the payload requires no further crew interaction for nominal operations. 

EarthKAM photographs are taken by remote operation from the ground. When the middle 

school students target the images of terrestrial features they choose to acquire, they 

submit the image request to the Mission Operation Center at UCSD. Image requests are 

collected and compiled into a “Camera Control File” for each ISS orbit that the payload is 

operational. This camera control file is then uplinked to a Station Support Computer 

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aboard the Space Station that controls when the digital camera captures the image. The 

Station Support Computer activates the camera at the specified times and immediately 

transfers these images to a file server, storing them until they are downlinked to Earth. 

With all systems performing nominally, the entire cycle takes about five hours. 

EarthKAM is monitored from console positions in the Tele-Science Support Center 

(Mission Control) at Johnson Space Center in Houston. As with all payloads, the 

EarthKAM operations on board the Space Station are coordinated through the Payload 

Operations Center at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. EarthKAM 

is a long-term payload that will operate on the Space Station for several Increments. 

Flight History/Background 

In 1994, Dr. Sally Ride, a physics professor and former NASA astronaut, started what is 

now EarthKAM with the goal of integrating education with the space program. 

EarthKAM has flown on five Shuttle flights. Its first flight was aboard Space Shuttle 

Atlantis in 1996, with three participating schools taking a total of 325 photographs. Since 

1996, EarthKAM students have taken more than 16,400 images of the Earth. 

EarthKAM invites schools from all around the world to take advantage of this 

educational opportunity. Previous participants include schools from the United States, 

Japan, Germany, France, Chile, Canada and Mexico. 

Benefits 

EarthKAM brings education out of textbooks and into real life. By integrating Earth 

images with inquiry-based learning, EarthKAM offers students and educators the 

opportunity to participate in a space mission while developing teamwork, 

communication and problem-solving skills. 

No other NASA program gives students such direct control of an instrument flying on a 

spacecraft orbiting Earth, and as a result of this, students assume an unparalleled 

personal ownership in the study and analysis of their Earth photographs. 

Long after the photographs are taken, students and educators continue to reap the 

benefits of EarthKAM. Educators are able to use the images alongside suggested 

curriculum plans for studies in physics, computer science, geography, math, earth 

science, botany, biology, art, history, cultural studies and more. 

More information on EarthKAM and the International Space Station can be found at: 

www.earthkam.ucsd.edu 

www.spaceflight.nasa.gov

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Space Administration 

Educational Payload Operations (EPO) 

Overview 

Education Payload Operations (EPO) is an education payload or activity designed to 

support the NASA Mission to inspire the next generation of explorers. Generally, these 

activities will focus on demonstrating science, mathematics, technology, engineering or 

geography principles. Video recording of the demonstrations and/or still photographic 

documentation of a crewmember operating EPO hardware while on orbit will achieve 

EPO goals and objectives. Overall goal for every expedition is to facilitate education 

opportunities that use the unique environment of human spaceflight. 

The Expedition 10 crew will complete three EPO Education Demonstration Activities 

(EDA’s). 

EPO - Education Demonstration Activities (EDAs) 

EPO Education Demonstration Activities (EDAs) are scheduled during Increment 10. 

An EDA is an educational demonstration designed to use only hardware already on 

board the International Space Station. No educational payloads are associated with 

these activities. Demonstrations will be videotaped for use in educational resources. 

Crewmembers are scheduled to perform three EDAs. These activities each focus on 

one educational topic. Topics include: 

• ISS Tour – Living Area 

• Living in Space - Food and Sleep 

• ISS Tour - Laboratory 

EDAs are planned for K –12 audiences and support national education standards. They 

are designed to enhance existing NASA education products. 

Outcomes 

EDA video footage will be distributed to NASA Education programs and websites to 

create or supplement NASA education resources for students and educators. 

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Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from 

Colloidal Emulsions (InSPACE) 

Payload Name: Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal 

Emulsions (InSPACE) 

Mission: Hardware was delivered on Expedition 5, ISS Flight UF2, Space Shuttle Flight 

STS-111; Samples were delivered on Flight 11A, STS-113; experiment operations 

began in December 2002 during Expedition 6. The hardware and samples are 

scheduled to be returned to Earth on STS-116, ISS Flight 12A.1. 

Payload Location: Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) inside the U.S. Destiny 

Laboratory Module 

Glovebox Investigator: Dr. Alice Gast, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

Cambridge, with support from graduate students. 

Project Scientist: Dr. Juan Agui, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 

Project Manager: Jack Lekan, NASA Glenn Research Center 

Payload Developer: NASA Glenn Research Center 

Overview 

This fluid physics experiment will be performed in the Microgravity Science Glovebox, 

which has an enclosed workspace that provides power, computer interfaces and other 

resources for experiment operations. It is also equipped with glove ports that enable the 

crew access to operate the experiment. The purpose of this experiment is to gather 

basic data on magnetorheological (MR) fluids -- a new class of "smart materials" or 

controllable fluids. Due to the quiet, rapid-response interface that they provide between 

mechanical components and electronic controls, MR fluids can be used to improve or 

develop new brake systems, seat suspensions, robotics, clutches, airplane landing gear 

and vibration damping systems. 

In the low-gravity environment created as the International Space Station orbits Earth, it is 

possible to study the way small magnetic particles interact in these fluids. On Earth, 

gravity causes sedimentation, which means heavier, or larger groups of particles sink 

while lighter ones remain suspended. On board the Space Station, the small magnetic 

particles will form three-dimensional microstructures that are unaffected by sedimentation. 

A pulsed magnetic field will be used to mimic the forces applied to these fluids in real 

applications, such as in active feedback systems. A pulsed field also tends to produce 

intricate, thick structures with different properties than structures produced by a constant 

magnetic field. These structures can provide stiffness or rigidity to the fluid. 

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Benefits 

This experiment will provide fundamental data on the way the particles and aggregate 

structure in the fluid respond to an external magnetic field that is repeatedly switched on 

and off. When these fluids are used in braking systems and for other electromechanical 

devices, they are often exposed to such fields that affect their operations. 

The data from the experiment can be used to test theoretical models of the structure of 

suspensions of small particles in applied fields. By understanding the complex 

properties of these fluids and learning the way the particles interact, scientists can 

develop more sophisticated methods for controlling these fluids and using them in a 

variety of devices. 

Then, scientists can improve the types of fluids used in existing braking and vibration 

damping systems. They may even be able to design new robotics systems and use the 

fluids for novel applications such as seismic dampers to make high-rise structures more 

resistant to earthquakes. 

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Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interactions 

During ISS Missions (Interactions) 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Nick Kanas, Professor of Psychiatry, University of 

California and Veterans Hospital, San Francisco

Overview 

Spaceflight places humans in an environment unlike any found on Earth. The nearly 

complete absence of gravity is perhaps the most prominent obstacle that astronauts 

face. It requires a significant modification of living and working habits by the astronauts. 

Not only do they have to learn to adapt to the way they perform routine operations, such 

as eating, moving and operating equipment, but they must also learn to adjust to the 

internal changes that their bodies experience and to the psychosocial stressors that 

result from working under isolated and confined conditions. 

The Interactions experiment seeks to identify and characterize important interpersonal 

and cultural factors that may impact the performance of the crew and ground support 

personnel during International Space Station missions. The study will examine — as it 

did in similar experiments on the Russian space station Mir— issues involving tension, 

cohesion and leadership roles in the crew in orbit and in the ground support crews. The 

study will have both the crewmembers and ground control personnel complete a 

standard questionnaire. Crewmembers and mission control personnel from several of 

the first eight increments will serve as subjects for this study. 

History/Background 

NASA performed similar “interaction” studies during the Shuttle/Mir Program in the late 

1990s. That experiment examined the crewmembers’ and mission control personnel’s 

perception of tension, cohesion, leadership and the crew-ground relationship. 

Benefits 

Because interpersonal relationships can affect crewmembers in the complicated day-today activities they must complete, studies such as this are important to crew health and 

safety on future long-duration space missions. Findings from this study will allow 

researchers to develop actions and methods to reduce negative changes in behavior 

and reverse gradual decreases in mood and interpersonal interactions during the ISS 

missions—and even longer missions, such as an expedition to Mars. 

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Acceleration Measurements Aboard the International Space Station 

Acceleration Measurement Discipline Program Manager: David Francisco, NASA 

Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 

Acceleration Measurement Discipline Scientist: Richard DeLombard, NASA Glenn 

Research Center 

Overview 

Providing a quiescent microgravity, or low-gravity, environment for fundamental 

scientific research is one of the major goals of the International Space Station Program. 

However, tiny disturbances aboard the Space Station mimic the effects of gravity, and 

scientists need to understand, track and measure these potential disruptions. Two 

accelerometer systems developed by the Glenn Research Center will be used aboard 

the station. Operation of these systems began with Expedition 2 and will continue 

throughout the life of the station. 

The Space Acceleration Measurement System II (SAMS-II) will measure accelerations 

caused by vehicle, crew and equipment disturbances. To complement the SAMS-II 

measurements, the Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) will record 

accelerations caused by the aerodynamic drag created as the Station moves through 

space. It also will measure accelerations created as the vehicle rotates and vents water. 

These small, quasi-steady accelerations occur in the frequency range below 1 Hertz. 

Using data from both accelerometer systems, the Principal Investigator Microgravity 

Services project at the Glenn Research Center will help investigators characterize 

accelerations that influence their Station experiments. The acceleration data will be 

available to researchers during the mission via the World Wide Web. It will be updated 

nominally every two minutes as new data is transmitted from the Station to Glenn’s 

Telescience Support Center. A catalog of acceleration sources also will be maintained. 

Space Acceleration Measurement System II (SAMS-II) 

Project Manager: Richard DeLombard, NASA Glenn Research Center, 

Cleveland, Ohio 

The Space Acceleration Measurement System II (SAMS-II) began operations on ISS 

Mission 6A. It measures vibrations that affect nearby experiments. SAMS-II uses small 

remote triaxial sensor systems that are placed directly next to experiments throughout 

the laboratory module. In EXPRESS (Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the 

Space Station) Racks 1 and 4, it will remain on board the Station permanently. 

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As the sensors measure accelerations electronically, they transmit the measurements to 

the interim control unit located in an EXPRESS rack drawer. SAMS-II is designed to 

record accelerations for the lifetime of the Space Station. As larger, facility-size 

experiments fill entire Space Station racks in the future, the interim control unit will be 

replaced with a more sophisticated computer control unit. It will allow on-board data 

analysis and direct dissemination of data to the investigators’ telescience centers 

located at university laboratories and other locations around the world. Special sensors 

are being designed to support future experiments that will be mounted on the exterior of 

the Space Station. 

Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) 

Project Manager: Richard DeLombard, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 

The Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) measures accelerations 

that affect the entire Space Station, including experiments inside the laboratory. It fits in 

a double middeck locker, in the U.S. Laboratory Destiny in EXPRESS Rack No.1. It was 

preinstalled in the rack, which was placed in the laboratory during Expedition 2, ISS 

Flight 6A. It will remain on board the Station permanently. 

The MAMS accelerometer sensor is a spare flight sensor from the Orbital Acceleration 

Research Experiment program that characterizes similar accelerations aboard the 

Space Shuttle. Unlike SAMS-II, MAMS measures more subtle accelerations that only 

affect certain types of experiments, such as crystal growth. Therefore MAMS will not 

have to be on all the time. During early expeditions, MAMS will require a minimum 

operational period of 48 or 96 hours to characterize the performance of the sensors and 

collect baseline data. During later increments, MAMS can be activated for time periods 

sufficient to satisfy payload or Space Station requirements for acceleration data. 

MAMS is commanded on and off from the Telescience Support Center at Glenn. MAMS 

is activated when the crew switches on the power switch for the EXPRESS Rack No. 1, 

and the MAMS computer is powered up from the ground control center. When MAMS is 

powered on, data is sent to Glenn Research Center’s Telescience Support Center 

where it is processed and displayed on the Principal Investigator Microgravity Services 

Space Station Web site to be viewed by investigators. 

History/Background 

The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) – on which SAMS-II is based -- 

first flew in June 1991 and has flown on nearly every major microgravity science 

mission. SAMS was used for four years aboard the Russian space station Mir where it 

collected data to support science experiments. 

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Space Administration 

Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) 

Overview 

The Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) Project is a 

NASA/Langley Research Center-managed cooperative endeavor to fly materials and 

other types of space exposure experiments on the Space Station. The objective is to 

develop early, low-cost, non-intrusive opportunities to conduct critical space exposure 

tests of space materials and components planned for use on future spacecraft. 

The Boeing Co., the Air Force Research Laboratory and Lewis Research Center are 

participants with Langley in the project. 

History/Background 

Flown to the Space Station in 2001, the MISSE experiments were the first externally 

mounted experiments conducted on the ISS. The experiments are in four Passive 

Experiment Containers (PECs) that were initially developed and used for an experiment 

on Mir in 1996 during the Shuttle-Mir Program. The PECs were transported to Mir on 

STS-76. After an 18-month exposure in space, they were retrieved on STS-86. 

PECs are suitcase-like containers for transporting experiments via the Space Shuttle to 

and from an orbiting spacecraft. Once on orbit and clamped to the host spacecraft, the 

PECs are opened and serve as racks to expose experiments to the space environment. 

The first two MISSE PECs were transported to the ISS on STS-105 (ISS Assembly 

Flight 7A.1) in August 2001. 

Examples of tests to be performed in MISSE include: new generations of solar cells with 

longer expected lifetimes to power communications satellites; advanced optical 

components planned for future Earth observational satellites; new, longer-lasting 

coatings that better control heat absorption and emissions and thereby the temperature 

of satellites; new concepts for lightweight shields to protect crews from energetic cosmic 

rays found in interplanetary space; and the effects of micrometeoroid impacts on 

materials planned for use in the development of ultra-light membrane structures for 

solar sails, large inflatable mirrors and lenses. 

Benefits 

New affordable materials will enable the development of advanced reusable launch 

systems and advanced spacecraft systems. 

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Space Administration 

Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: 

A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction 

After Long-duration Spaceflight (MOBILITY) 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Jacob Bloomberg, Johnson Space Center, Houston 

Overview 

Astronauts returning from spaceflight can experience difficulty walking as the brain must 

readapt to programming body movements in a gravity environment. The MOBILITY 

experiment will use tests taken before and after a long-duration spaceflight to determine 

whether a specific training regimen using the Station’s treadmill can help astronauts 

recover more quickly when they return to Earth. Specifically, do astronauts who use this 

unique treadmill workout in space readjust more quickly when once again exposed to 

the effects of gravity? 

Two tests, the Treadmill Locomotion Test and the Functional Mobility Test, will be 

performed by each participating crewmember both before and after their mission (preand post-flight). The pre-flight data will be collected on or around six months, four 

months and 60 days before launch. Post-flight data will be collected on post-landing 

days 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48. 

Benefits 

How quickly an astronaut’s body readjusts to gravity after a long-duration spaceflight is 

very important, both for Space Station missions and for any future long-duration 

missions within our own solar system. 

Researchers are continuing to search for the best exercise program that will keep 

astronauts fit while in space and ensure a quick return to their pre-flight physical 

conditions once they re-encounter the effects of Earth’s gravity. 

For more information on any Expedition 10 science experiment, visit the Web at:

www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/science/index.html

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Space Administration 

Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional 

Solidification in a Microgravity Environment Investigation (PFMI) 

Mission: Begun on Expedition 5, ISS Flight UF2, STS-111 Space Shuttle Flight; 

samples will be returned on 12A.1 (STS-116). 

Payload Location: Microgravity Science Glovebox inside U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Richard Grugel, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Huntsville, Ala. 

Project Scientist: Dr. Martin Volz, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Project Manager: Linda B. Jeter, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Project Engineer: Paul Luz, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Payload Developer: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Overview 

On Earth when scientists melt metals, bubbles that form in the molten material can rise 

to the surface, pop and disappear. In microgravity, in the near-weightless environment 

created as the International Space Station orbits the Earth, the lighter bubbles do not 

rise and disappear. Prior space experiments have shown that bubbles often become 

trapped in the final metal or crystal sample. In the solid, these bubbles, or porosity, are 

defects that diminish both the material’s strength and usefulness. 

The Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation will melt samples of a transparent 

modeling material, succinonitrile and succinonitrile water mixtures. Investigators will be 

able to observe how bubbles form in the samples and study their movements and 

interactions. 

Benefits 

This investigation gives scientists an opportunity to observe bubble dynamics in a sample 

being processed in a way similar to industrial methods. The intent of the experiment is to 

gain insights that will improve solidification processing in a microgravity environment. The 

generated data also may promote better understanding of processes on Earth. 

For more information on this experiment, the Microgravity Science Glovebox and other 

Space Station investigations visit: 

www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov 

www.spaceflight.nasa.gov 

http://www.microgravity.nasa.gov

http://www.spaceresearch.nasa.gov

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Space Administration 

Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) Single-locker 

Thermal Enclosure System (STES) Housing the 

Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (PCAM) 

Missions: 

The STES on orbit went up on 11A (STS-113) and will return on ULF1 (STS-114). 

Experiment Location on ISS: U.S. Lab EXPRESS Rack No. 4 

Project Manager: Clark Darty, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. 

Overview 

Structural biological experiments conducted in the Single-locker Thermal Enclosure 

System (STES) may provide a basis for understanding the function and structure of 

macromolecules. The scope of biological macromolecules includes proteins, 

polysaccharides and other carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids of biological origin, or 

those expressed in plant, animal, fungal or bacteria systems. 

The fundamental goal for growing biological macromolecular crystals is to determine their 

three-dimensional structure in order to understand the biological processes in which they 

are involved. Scientists select macromolecules, crystallize them, and analyze the atomic 

details -- often by using X-ray crystallography. By sending an intense X-ray beam through 

a crystal, scientists try to determine the three-dimensional atomic structure of the 

macromolecule. Understanding these structures may impact the studies of medicine, 

agriculture, the environment and other biosciences. Every chemical reaction essential to 

life depends on the function of these compounds. 

Microgravity – the near weightlessness condition created inside a spacecraft as it orbits 

the Earth – offers an environment which sometimes allows the growth of macromolecular 

structures – crystals – that show greater detail when exposed to X-ray diffraction (the 

pattern showing the structure of crystals when exposed to X-ray beams) than those 

crystals grown on Earth. 

The International Space Station provides for longer-duration experiments in a more 

research-friendly, acceleration-free (no change in the rate of speed, or velocity, of the 

spacecraft that could affect the experiments), dedicated laboratory, than provided by the 

Space Shuttle. Mission ULF-1 is a continuation of similar structural biology experiments to 

characterize the use of the Space Station for this type of research. 

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Benefits 

With science being performed on the International Space Station, scientists are no longer 

restricted to relatively short-duration flights to conduct structural biology experiments. This 

research will enable the more accurate mapping of the three-dimensional structure of 

macromolecules. Once the structure of a particular macromolecule is known, it may 

become much easier to determine how these compounds function. Every chemical 

reaction essential to life depends on the function of these compounds. 

Additional Information/Photos 

Additional information on structural biology crystal growth in microgravity is available at: 

http://crystal.nasa.gov

http://crystal.nasa.gov/technical/pcam.html

http://www.microgravity.nasa.gov/

http://www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov

http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov

http://spaceresearch.nasa.gov/

http://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/MSFC-9807368.html

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Media Assistance 

NASA Television Transmission 

NASA Television can be seen in the continental United States on AMC-6, at 72 degrees 

west longitude, Transponder 9, 3880 MHz, vertical polarization, audio at 6.8 MHz. If you 

live in Alaska or Hawaii, NASA TV can now be seen on AMC-7, at 137 degrees west 

longitude, Transponder 18, at 4060 MHz, vertical polarization, audio at 6.8 MHz. 

The schedule for television transmissions from the orbiter and for mission briefings will be 

available during the mission at Kennedy Space Center, Fla.; Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Huntsville, Ala.; Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif.; Johnson Space Center, 

Houston, Texas; and NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC. The television schedule will 

be updated to reflect changes dictated by mission operations. 

Status Reports 

Status reports on countdown and mission progress, on-orbit activities and landing 

operations will be produced by the appropriate NASA news center. 

Briefings 

A mission press briefing schedule will be issued before launch. During the mission, status 

briefings by a flight director or mission operations representative and when appropriate, 

representatives from the payload team, will occur at least once each day. The updated 

NASA television schedule will indicate when mission briefings are planned. 

Internet Information 

Information is available through several sources on the Internet. The primary source for 

mission information is the NASA Human Space Flight Web, part of the World Wide Web. 

This site contains information on the crew and its mission and will be updated regularly with 

status reports, photos and video clips throughout the flight. The NASA Shuttle Web’s 

address is: 

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov 

General information on NASA and its programs is available through the NASA Home Page 

and the NASA Public Affairs Home Page: 

http://www.nasa.gov

or 

http://www.nasa.gov/newsinfo/index.html

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Shuttle Pre-Launch Status Reports 

http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/status/stsstat/current.htm

Information on other current NASA activities is available through the Today@NASA page: 

http://www.nasa.gov/today/index.html

The NASA TV schedule is available from the NTV Home Page: 

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/nasatv/schedule.html

Resources for educators can be found at the following address: 

http://education.nasa.gov

Access by CompuServe 

Users with CompuServe accounts can access NASA press releases by typing "GO NASA" 

(no quotes) and making a selection from the categories offered. 

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 Expedition 10 Press Kit 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Media Contacts 

Debbie Rahn International Partners 202-358-1638 

NASA Headquarters 

Washington 

Debra.J.Rahn@nasa.gov 

Allard Beutel Shuttle, Space Station Policy 202-358-0951 

NASA Headquarters 

Washington 

allard.beutel@nasa.gov 

Dolores Beasley Space Science Policy, Budget 202-358-1753 

NASA Headquarters 

Washington

Dolores.D.Beasley@nasa.gov 

James Hartsfield Astronauts/Mission Operations 281-483-5111 

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

Rob Navias Mission Operations 281-483-5111 

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

Kylie Clem Space Station Operations 281-483-5111 

NASA Johnson Space Center 

Houston 

kylie.s.clem@nasa.gov 

Steve Roy Microgravity Programs 256-544-6535 

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 

Huntsville, Ala. 

Steven.E.Roy@nasa,gov 

Kari Kelley Allen International Space Station 281-226-4844 

The Boeing Company 

Houston 

kari.k.allen@boeing.com 

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