# Patent

## Title
Image forming apparatus that forms color image by superimposing plurality of images in different colors

## Abstract

An image forming apparatus includes a generation unit configured to generate correlation data indicating a relationship between a relative position of a first image and a second image corresponding to a first speed and a relative position of the first image and the second image corresponding to a second image forming speed; a controller configured to, in a case where an image forming unit forms an image at the second speed, correct a relative position of the first image and the second image based on first information and on correlation data; and a prohibition unit configured to prohibit formation of the measurement image at the second speed in a case where a housing unit does not house a predetermined recording material corresponding to the second speed.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus that forms, on a sheet of paper, a color image by superimposing a plurality of images in different colors.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a color image forming apparatus, a color image is formed by superimposing a plurality of images in different colors, and therefore so-called color registration occurs if formation positions of images in different colors are misaligned with respect to desired positions. As such color registration degrades the image quality, a color registration correction mechanism is necessary. U.S. Pat. No. 8,837,994 suggests detection of a color registration amount through formation of a pattern, and calculation of a correction amount for correcting color registration. Such color registration occurs due to, for example, expansion and shrinkage of components of an image forming apparatus.
While various types of paper are used in an image forming apparatus, a fixing heat amount differs depending on paper types. For example, a heat amount necessary for thick paper is larger than a heat amount necessary for standard paper. Hence, the image forming apparatus has a mode in which an image is formed at an image forming speed lower than an image forming speed applied to standard paper. It is known that a color registration amount attributed to expansion and shrinkage of optical components does not depend on an image forming speed. Therefore, once the image forming apparatus has calculated a correction amount for correcting color registration through formation of a pattern at the image forming speed for the standard paper, the calculated correction amount can be used mutually at all image forming speeds.
In recent years, paper types are becoming diverse, and the number of image forming speeds that can be set in an image forming apparatus is increasing accordingly. That is to say, the range of image forming speeds used in an image forming apparatus is becoming wider. As the range of image forming speeds has widened, it has been discovered that color registration attributed to deterioration of components involved in conveyance of sheets of paper and images is evident. For example, a driving roller that drives an intermediate transfer belt undergoes abrasion, and the intermediate transfer belt deteriorates by getting dirty from scattered toner. This may cause the intermediate transfer belt to slip with respect to the driving roller, in which case timings of transfer from photosensitive drums of different colors to the intermediate transfer belt are shifted, and color registration occurs. It has been discovered that a change in a slip amount corresponding to the state of deterioration of the intermediate transfer belt depends on an image forming speed. That is to say, a slip amount at the lowest image forming speed is larger than a slip amount at the highest image forming speed. Therefore, if color registrations at all image forming speeds are corrected using a color registration correction amount that has been decided on based on the highest image forming speed, a color registration amount becomes large especially at the lowest image forming speed. Conversely, if color registrations at all image forming speeds are corrected using a color registration correction amount that has been decided on based on the lowest image forming speed, a color registration amount becomes large especially at the highest image forming speed.
In order to correct such color registrations dependent on an image forming speed with high accuracy, it is sufficient to adopt a configuration in which color registration amounts are obtained at each of a plurality of image forming speeds. However, this configuration extends a period during which a user cannot form images, that is to say, downtime.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the present invention, an image forming apparatus is capable of forming an image at a plurality of image forming speeds. The image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit that has a first image forming part configured to form a first image in a first color and a second image forming part configured to form a second image in a second color different from the first color, and configured to form an image using the first image forming part and the second image forming part; a housing unit configured to house a recording material; an image bearing member configured to bear the image, and to convey the image; a transfer unit configured to transfer the image borne by the bearing member to the recording material; an obtaining unit that has a sensor which measures a measurement image including a first measurement image and a second measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the image bearing member, and configured to obtain information related to a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in a conveyance direction of the image bearing member based on a measurement result of the measurement image by the sensor, the first measurement image and the second measurement image being formed by the first image forming part and the second image forming part, respectively; a generation unit configured to generate correlation data based on first information which is a result obtained by the obtaining unit with respect to the measurement image in correspondence with a first image forming speed and on second information which is a result obtained by the obtaining unit with respect to the measurement image in correspondence with a second image forming speed, the correlation data indicating a relationship between a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in the conveyance direction corresponding to the first image forming speed and a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in the conveyance direction corresponding to the second image forming speed; a controller configured to, in a case where the image forming unit forms an image at the second image forming speed, correct a relative position of the first image and the second image in the conveyance direction based on the first information obtained in advance by the obtaining unit and on the correlation data generated by the generation unit; and a prohibition unit configured to prohibit formation of the measurement image at the second image forming speed in a case where the housing unit does not house a predetermined recording material corresponding to the second image forming speed.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an image forming apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control system.
FIGS. 3A to 3C show a configuration of an operation unit.
FIG. 4 shows a relationship between paper types and image forming speeds.
FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a pattern sensor.
FIG. 6 shows a positional relationship among the pattern sensor, an intermediate transfer member, and patterns.
FIG. 7 shows processing for detecting color registration correction patterns formed in the image forming apparatus.
FIGS. 8A to 8C show examples of color registration amounts.
FIGS. 9A to 9C show examples of differences between color registration amounts and examples of correction amounts.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing one example of an overall image forming operation.
FIGS. 11A to 11C are flowcharts showing one example of color registration detection.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are flowcharts showing one example of color registration correction.
FIGS. 13A to 13C are flowcharts showing one example of color registration detection.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing one example of color registration detection.
FIGS. 15A to 15C are flowcharts showing one example of color registration detection.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment
Configuration
The following describes an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. However, the present invention is similarly applicable to an image forming apparatus that forms a multi-color image by individually forming a plurality of images in different colors and then superimposing the formed images. It should be noted that the image forming apparatus may be productized as any one of a printing apparatus, a printer, a copier, a multi-functional peripheral, and a facsimile apparatus.
An image forming apparatus 100 will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. A printing unit 1 exemplarily represents a plurality of image forming units that form toner images in different colors at one of a plurality of image forming speeds, and is, for example, a printer engine that forms toner images. A paper feeder 2 is a unit that feeds paper S to the printing unit 1. The paper may be referred to as a recording material, a recording paper, a recording medium, a sheet, a transfer material, and a transfer paper. A fixing apparatus 3 is a unit that fixes a toner image on paper S. Toner reservoirs 106 are units that reserve or store toner. It is assumed that the colors of toner used herein are yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K). In the drawings and the description, y, m, c, and k denoting the colors of toner may be appended at the end of reference signs, but are normally omitted. A discharger 4 is a unit that conveys paper S on which a toner image has been fixed. A stacker 5 is a unit that stacks discharged sheets of paper. An image reader 7 is a unit that reads a document. An operation unit 220 is a unit to which instructions for the image forming apparatus 100 are input, and which displays information.
The printing unit 1 includes four process cartridges 101 corresponding to YMCK, which are attachable to and detachable from the image forming apparatus 100. The process cartridges 101 each include a photosensitive drum 102, a charge roller 103 that charges the photosensitive drum 102 by applying a predetermined voltage thereto, and a development sleeve 105 that performs development by causing toner to attach to a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 102. The toner reservoirs 106 may constitute the process cartridges 101. Laser scanners 104 that render latent images on the photosensitive drums 102 are arranged above the process cartridges 101. An intermediate transfer unit 108 is arranged below the process cartridges 101. The laser scanners 104 are exposure units that cause laser beams modulated and output from laser diodes to scan the uniformly-charged photosensitive drums 102 in a longitudinal direction thereof (a main scanning direction) using rotating polygon mirrors or vibrating mirrors. A thermistor 50 disposed in the vicinity of the process cartridges 101 is one example of a detection unit that detects a temperature related to the image forming apparatus 100, and detects the internal temperature of the image forming apparatus 100. The intermediate transfer unit 108 includes an intermediate transfer belt 13a, a driving roller 13b, primary transfer rollers 107 that cause the intermediate transfer belt 13a to come into contact with the photosensitive drums 102, and an inner roller 110. In particular, the intermediate transfer unit 108 is one example of a carrier or an intermediate transfer member that carry a multi-color toner image formed by superimposing toner images in different colors which have been formed by the plurality of image forming units. Together with the inner roller 110, an outer roller 21 forms a transfer nip. A registration roller 115 controls a timing at which a sheet of paper S enters the transfer nip on a paper conveyance path 20. An intermediate transfer member cleaner 111 collects residual toner that has failed to be transferred by the inner roller 110, as well as adjustment toner images that are not intended to be transferred onto a sheet of paper S. A pattern sensor 112 detects edges of changes in darkness/lightness of a pattern created on the intermediate transfer belt 13a. The paper feeder 2 includes a first paper feeding cassette 113, a second paper feeding cassette 114, and a manual tray 116. The fixing apparatus 3 includes a fixing roller 117 that rotates while heating a roller surface. A sheet of paper S is discharged to the stacker 5 by a pair of paper discharge rollers 121 arranged on a paper discharge path 40.
(Block Diagram)
A control system of the image forming apparatus 100 will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. A CPU 201 is a unit that integrally controls units of the image forming apparatus 100. A ROM 202 is a storage apparatus that stores the substance of control to be performed by the CPU 201 as a program. A RAM 203 is a storage apparatus that is used as a working area necessary for the CPU 201 to control the image forming apparatus 100. The RAM 203 can also store image data generated by the image reader 7 reading a document, image data received by way of an external I/F 214, and the like. An NVRAM 204 is a non-volatile storage apparatus that stores data such as the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed and total operating time periods of the respective process cartridges. The external I/F 214 is connected to a network compliant with communication protocols such as TCP/IP, and receives an instruction for performing a print job from a computer connected to the network. The external I/F 214 may transmit information of the image forming apparatus 100 to the computer. An I/O 205 is an input/output port for the CPU 201, and is connected to the thermistor 50, a laser driver 207, a motor driver 208, a high voltage unit 209, the pattern sensor 112, and a conveyance sensor 211. The laser driver 207 controls the laser scanners 104 in accordance with an image signal generated from image data. The motor driver 208 is a unit that drives rollers and the like. The photosensitive drums 102, the intermediate transfer belt 13a, conveyance rollers and the registration roller 115 provided to the conveyance path, paper feeding rollers provided to the first paper feeding cassette 113, the second paper feeding cassette 114 and the manual tray 116, and the like are driven by motors. The motor driver 208 controls rotations of these motors. The high voltage unit 209 controls voltage or current applied to the charge rollers 103 and the development sleeves 105 included in the process cartridges 101, the primary transfer roller 107, and the inner roller 110. The conveyance sensor 211 is a device that detects whether or not a sheet of paper S is present in the first paper feeding cassette 113, the second paper feeding cassette 114 and the manual tray 116, and detects the position of a sheet of paper S conveyed on the conveyance path. The pattern sensor 112 is one example of a measurement unit that measures, for a plurality of patterns in different colors formed by the printing unit 1 on the intermediate transfer belt 13a, intervals between a pattern in a reference color and patterns in colors other than the reference color.
(Operation Unit)
The operation unit 220 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3A. In the operation unit 220, a start key 706 is used to start an image forming operation. A stop key 707 is used to interrupt an image forming operation. Numeric keys 713 are used to input numerals. An ID key 704 is used to perform user authentication. A clear key 705 is used to clear input numerals and the like. A reset key 708 is used to initialize input settings. A display 711 is a display apparatus with a built-in touchscreen sensor, and displays software keys that can be operated by a user touching the same. When the user selects “select paper”, which is a software key, the display 711 displays a paper selection screen shown in FIG. 3B. The user designates, via the paper selection screen, types of sheets (paper types) that are used in the first paper feeding cassette 113, the second paper feeding cassette 114 and the manual tray 116. The CPU 201 stores this information into the RAM 203, and controls image formation based on the same. For example, the CPU 201 selects an image forming mode (an image forming speed) corresponding to a paper type. As shown in FIG. 3C, the display 711 displays a start button for manual color registration correction. Basically, the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed, a temperature change in the image forming apparatus, and the like serve as conditions (triggers) for the CPU 201 to start performing color registration correction; however, color registration correction may be performed also when pressing of the start button has been detected.
(Control of Image Formation)
The image forming operation controlled by the CPU 201 will now be described. The CPU 201 charges the surfaces of the photosensitive drums 102 uniformly at a predetermined polarity and potential by applying a predetermined voltage to the charge rollers 103 via the high voltage unit 209. The CPU 201 controls the laser scanners 104 by outputting, to the laser driver 207, an image signal generated by applying image processing to image data stored in the RAM 203. Consequently, electrostatic latent images are formed on the photosensitive drums 102 by laser beams output from the laser scanners 104. The CPU 201 feeds toner to the process cartridges 101 by controlling the toner reservoirs 106 via the motor driver 208. The CPU 201 also coats the development sleeves 105 with a developing agent by causing the development sleeves 105 to rotate via the motor driver 208. The development sleeves 105 develops the electrostatic latent images formed on the photosensitive drums 102 by causing toner to attach to the electrostatic latent images, thereby forming toner images. These toner images are transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 13a at primary transfer portions, which are points of contact between the photosensitive drums 102 and the intermediate transfer belt 13a, by a primary transfer bias applied by the high voltage unit 209 to the primary transfer rollers 107. The foregoing image forming operation is performed sequentially in each of the four process cartridges 101. A multi-color image is formed by transferring the toner images in different colors in multiple layers to the intermediate transfer belt 13a. 
Meanwhile, the CPU 201 feeds a sheet of paper S and conveys the paper S along the paper conveyance path 20 by controlling the paper feeder 2 via the motor driver 208 in harmony with the image forming operation. The CPU 201 corrects skew of the paper S and aligns the position of the paper S with the position of the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 13a by controlling the registration roller 115 via the motor driver 208. The paper S passes between the outer roller 21 and the inner roller 110 to which a secondary transfer bias is applied. Consequently, a multi-color toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 13a is transferred to the paper S. Thereafter, the paper S is sent to the fixing apparatus 3.
The CPU 201 applies heat and pressure to the paper S by controlling the fixing apparatus 3. Consequently, toner is fused, and a visible multi-color image is fixed onto the paper S. The CPU 201 discharges the paper S from the paper discharge path 40 to the stacker 5 by controlling the pair of paper discharge rollers 121 of the discharger 4 via the motor driver 208.
(Image Forming Speed)
During image formation, the photosensitive drums 102, the driving roller 13b and the fixing roller 117 rotate at the same speed (circumferential speed). This is because formation of a toner image, transfer to a sheet of paper S and fixing of the toner image compose a sequence of processes. A conveyance speed (moving speed) of the paper S during image formation is an image forming speed. Incidentally, a heat amount necessary for fixing the toner image differs depending on types of the paper S (material, thickness, etc.). For example, the larger the thickness of the paper S, the larger the necessary heat amount. By lowering the image forming speed, a time period in which the paper S with the transferred toner image is in contact with the fixing roller 117, that is to say, a time period in which heat is applied is extended. Consequently, a heat amount suited for the thickness of the paper S can be attained. In this way, the CPU 201 decides on an image forming speed in accordance with the type of the paper S.
It is assumed that the image forming apparatus 100 supports a first image forming speed, a second image forming speed, and a third image forming speed. Image forming speeds corresponding to the types of the paper S are shown in, for example, FIG. 4 (it is assumed here that the thickness is expressed as a basis weight). That is to say, the first image forming speed is 300 mm/s, the second image forming speed is 100 mm/s, and the third image forming speed is 150 mm/s. It is assumed that there are six types of paper S. According to FIG. 4, the first image forming speed is applied to standard papers 1 and 2, the second image forming speed is applied to thick papers 1, 2 and 3, and the third image forming speed is applied to a standard paper 3.
(Color Registration Adjustment)
The CPU 201 corrects color registrations in a sub scanning direction (a conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt 13a) by adjusting write start timings of images in colors (magenta, cyan and black) other than the reference color (yellow) through control of the laser driver 207. The CPU 201 can perform the correction using different color registration correction amounts at the first, second and third image forming speeds. As such, the CPU 201 functions as a correction unit that corrects color registrations by correcting write start timings of toner images in colors other than the reference color based on intervals between a pattern in the reference color and patterns in colors other than the reference color.
(Pattern Sensor)
The pattern sensor 112 will now be described with reference to FIG. 5. The pattern sensor 112 includes a light emitter 301 composed of an infrared LED and a photodetector 303 composed of a phototransistor. The light emitter 301 and the photodetector 303 are disposed at certain angles such that infrared light emitted by the light emitter 301 is reflected by the intermediate transfer belt 13a, and the reflected light is incident on the photodetector 303. It should be noted that the photodetector 303 may be arranged in a position where it can receive specular reflected light, and may be arranged in a position where it can receive scattered light. As reflective characteristics of a surface of the intermediate transfer belt 13a differ from reflective characteristics of patterns 302 that are formed with toner for detecting color registrations, the photodetector 303 receives different amounts of reflected light. The photodetector 303 converts received reflected light into an electrical signal (output signal) of amplitude corresponding to a light amount thereof. The voltage of the output signal from the photodetector 303 decreases as a light amount of reflected light decreases, and increases as a light amount of reflected light increases. In general, the larger a toner amount of a toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 13a, the smaller a light amount of reflected light. Therefore, the darkness of a created toner image decreases as the voltage of an output signal from the pattern sensor 112 increases, and the darkness of the toner image increases as the voltage (amplitude) of the output signal decreases. In this way, there is a correlation between the voltage of an output signal and the density of a toner image.
The pattern sensor 112, the intermediate transfer belt 13a and the patterns 302 are arranged as shown in FIG. 6. The pattern sensor 112 consecutively reads the plurality of patterns 302 formed along a rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt 13a (the sub scanning direction). As shown in FIG. 6, a four-line pattern can be composed of one line in the reference color and three lines in colors other than the reference color. It should be noted that a pattern of “<” can be used also in color registration and scale corrections in the main scanning direction. In a case where color registration and scale corrections in the main scanning direction are not performed, the pattern of “<” can be omitted.
(Detection of Color Registration Amounts)
Detection of color registration amounts in the sub scanning direction will now be described with reference to FIG. 7. In order to detect the color registration amounts, the printing unit 1 forms the patterns 302 on the intermediate transfer belt 13a as shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 schematically shows a part of the patterns 302. A yellow pattern 501 is created by yellow toner. A magenta pattern 502 is created by magenta toner. A cyan pattern 503 is created by cyan toner. A black pattern 504 is created by black toner. An interval between neighboring patterns is, for example, 12700 μm (equivalent to 300 pixels at 600 dpi). The pattern sensor 112 detects the patterns 501 to 504 formed on the intermediate transfer belt 13a, and generates an analog signal 505. The pattern sensor 112 converts the analog signal 505 output from the photodetector 303 into a detected waveform 506 by binarizing the same using a comparator. The comparator performs binarization by comparing a threshold voltage with the analog signal 505. The threshold voltage is preset so as to determine whether or not a pattern formed with toner is present on the intermediate transfer belt 13a. 
The CPU 201 activates a timer counter provided internally to the CPU 201 so as to read the detected waveform 506 output from the pattern sensor 112. The timer counter is a counter that performs successive accumulation with a built-in clock of the CPU 201. The CPU 201 detects a falling edge of the detected waveform 506 via the I/O 205, converts a timer counter value at the time of the detection into time, and stores the time into the RAM 203. The CPU 201 considers a detection timing of the pattern 501 as a reference, and obtains distances between the colors by obtaining differences t1 to t3 between the reference and detection timings of the patterns 502 to 504 and multiplying the differences t1 to t3 by the conveyance speed. It should be noted that timings may be adjusted using only the differences t1 to t3 without obtaining physical distances. As stated earlier, while the patterns 501 to 504 are arranged at an equal interval in image data, they will no longer be arranged at an equal interval if color registration occurs. Without any color registrations, t1=t0, t2=2×t0, and t3=3×t0. Therefore, color registration amounts are as follows: Δt1=t0−t1, Δt2=2·t0−t2, and Δt3=3·t0−t3 (where t0=12700 μm/image forming speed). Such color registrations depend on a temperature change and component deterioration in the laser scanners 104, the process cartridges 101, and the intermediate transfer belt 13a. The CPU 201 can detect color registration amounts at any image forming speed.
FIG. 8A shows one example of the result of detection of color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. A distance L1 between yellow and magenta is 12700 μm. A distance L2 between yellow and cyan is 25400 μm. An ideal distance L3 between yellow and black is 38100 μm. At the first image forming speed (300 mm/s), the ideal reading time t1 (=t0) in the pattern sensor 112 is 42333 μs. An ideal t2 (=2·t0) is 847667 μs. An ideal t3 (=3·t0) is 127000 μs. Here, assume that the times t1, t2 and t3 detected by the pattern sensor 112 are 42328 μs, 84711 μs and 126973 μs, respectively. In this case, differences Δt1, Δt2 and Δt3 from the ideal times are −5 is, 44 μs and −27 μs, respectively. Converting these differences into distances at the first image forming speed (300 mm/s) yields ΔL1 of −2 μm, ΔL2 of +13 μm, and ΔL3 of −8 μm. On the other hand, FIG. 8B shows one example of the result of detection of color registration amounts at the second image forming speed. Similarly to the example of FIG. 8A, the example of FIG. 8B shows calculation of color registration amounts, wherein ΔL1=+55 μm, ΔL2=+110 μm, and ΔL3=+154 μm. FIG. 8C shows one example of the result of detection of color registration amounts at the third image forming speed. Similarly to the example of FIG. 8A, the example of FIG. 8C shows calculation of color registration amounts, wherein ΔL1=−8 μm, ΔL2=+18 μm, and ΔL3=−10 μm.
In a case where images are formed at the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 shifts the write start timings of M, C and K images from the ideal timings so as to cancel out the color registration amounts detected at the first image forming speed shown in FIG. 8A. In a case where images are formed at the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 shifts the write start timings of M, C and K images from the ideal timings so as to cancel out the color registration amounts detected at the second image forming speed shown in FIG. 8B. In a case where images are formed at the third image forming speed, the CPU 201 shifts the write start timings of M, C and K images so as to cancel out the color registration amounts detected at the third image forming speed shown in FIG. 8C. Consequently, color registrations in the sub scanning direction are corrected.
In the above-described example, color registration amounts are detected individually at each of the first, second and third image forming speeds. Meanwhile, color registration amounts at a certain image forming speed and color registration amounts at another image forming speed may be correlated or analogous. In this case, by obtaining color registration amounts at one image forming speed and correcting the obtained color registration amounts based on the correlation, detection of color registration amounts at another image forming speed could be omitted. For example, once the differences between the color registration amounts at one image forming speed and the color registration amounts at another image forming speed have been obtained, the color registration amounts at another image forming speed can be obtained by adding the differences to the result of detection of the color registration amounts at one image forming speed. If the differences between the color registration amounts at one image forming speed and the color registration amounts at another image forming speed are extremely small, detection of the color registration amounts at another image forming speed could be omitted.
FIG. 9A shows differences between the results of detection of the color registration amounts at the first and second image forming speeds shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. In a case where images are formed at the second image forming speed, the write start timings of M, C and K images are shifted from the ideal timings so as to cancel out the differences between the color registration amounts detected at the first image forming speed shown in FIG. 8B and the color registration amounts shown in FIG. 9A. FIG. 9B shows differences between the results of detection of the color registration amounts at the first and third image forming speeds shown in FIGS. 8A and 8C. Referring to FIG. 9B, there is little difference between the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed and the color registration amounts at the third image forming speed. Therefore, the CPU 201 may omit detection of the color registration amounts at the third image forming speed, and shift the write start timings of M, C and K images at the third image forming speed so as to cancel out color registrations at the third image forming speed using the color registration amounts detected at the first image forming speed.
(Overview of Image Forming Operation)
The CPU 201 performs the image forming operation in accordance with a flowchart shown in FIG. 10. In step S1001, the CPU 201 determines whether or not an instruction for performing a print job has been received from the operation unit 220 or a host computer. If the instruction for performing the print job has not been received, processing proceeds to step S1010. In step S1010, the CPU 201 determines whether or not a button on the operation unit 220 for issuing an instruction for color registration correction has been pressed. If the start button for color registration correction, which has been described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3C, has not been pressed, the CPU 201 returns to step S1001. If the start button has been pressed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1011. In step S1011, the CPU 201 performs color registration detection. Consequently, color registration correction is performed at a timing desired by an operator. On the other hand, if the instruction for performing the print job has been received in step S1001, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1002.
In step S1002, the CPU 201 performs the image forming operation in accordance with, for example, a flowchart shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. In step S1003, the CPU 201 performs control after image formation is ended in accordance with, for example, a flowchart shown in FIGS. 11A-11C. Step S1003 may be performed prior to step S1002, in which case processing of a flowchart shown in FIGS. 13A-13C is performed in step S1003. In step S1004, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the print job has been completed. For example, in the case of a job for forming images on 10 sheets of paper, the CPU 201 determines whether or not image formation has been completed for all of the images on 10 sheets of paper. If the image formation has not been completed, the CPU 201 returns to S1002; if the image formation has been completed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1005. In step S1005, the CPU 201 stops all loads (a fixer, rollers, etc.) involved in the image formation so as to make a transition to a standby mode.
(Flow of Judgment about Necessity of Detection of Color Registration Amounts, and Control of Detection of Color Registration Amounts)
The CPU 201 determines whether to perform both or only one of the following: color registration detection at the highest first image forming speed, and color registration detection at the lowest second image forming speed. As a higher image forming speed allows for color registration detection in a shorter time period, the CPU 201 increases the frequency of color registration detection at the highest first image forming speed. In this way, the CPU 201 can efficiently correct color registrations attributed to short-term causes at any image forming speed. On the other hand, with regard to color registrations attributed to long-term causes, a specific correlation among a plurality of image forming speeds may change, and therefore the CPU 201 needs to update the above-described differences. The CPU 201 also needs to perform color registration detection at the lowest second image forming speed with low frequency. It should be noted that, as the color registration amounts at the third image forming speed are analogous to the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed, it is assumed in the following description that color registration detection at the third image forming speed is always omitted.
In view of the above, in the present embodiment, two color registration detection conditions are set. A first detection condition is a condition for performing both of the color registration detection at the first image forming speed and the color registration detection at the second image forming speed. A second detection condition is a condition for performing the color registration detection at the first image forming speed and omitting the color registration detection at the second image forming speed. Here, the CPU 201 makes a judgment about the necessity of color registration detection in accordance with the flowchart shown in FIGS. 11A-11C each time image formation on one sheet of paper is ended. A first counter C1 and a second counter C2 are provided in the NVRAM 204. These counters function as a first count unit and a second count unit that count the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed. The first detection condition is that the first counter C1 exceeds a threshold Th1. The second detection condition is that the second counter C2 exceeds a threshold Th2, or that a difference between the temperature that was measured when previous color registration detection was performed and the current measured temperature is equal to or larger than a threshold temperature Th3. The counters C1 and C2 each count the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed. The threshold Th1 is, for example, 10000 sheets of paper, and the threshold Th2 is, for example, 300 sheets of paper. The threshold temperature Th3 is, for example, 3° C. Timings for incrementing and clearing these counters will be described later.
In step S1101, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the first detection condition is satisfied. For example, the CPU 201 determines that the first detection condition is satisfied if the first counter C1 exceeds Th1. If the first detection condition is satisfied, there is a possibility that the differences between the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed and the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed are large. That is to say, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1109 to carry out color registration detection at both of the first and second image forming speeds.
In step S1109, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed set in the printing unit 1 is the second image forming speed. The flowchart shown in FIGS. 11A-11C is performed while a print job is being performed. That is to say, when step S1109 is performed, the printing unit 1 is rotating the intermediate transfer belt 13a and the like at one of the image forming speeds. Therefore, if the current image forming speed is the second image forming speed, an overall processing time period can be shortened by starting the color registration detection at the second image forming speed. This allows for omission of a time period for switching among image forming speeds. If the current image forming speed is the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1110.
In step S1110, the CPU 201 carries out the color registration detection with the second image forming speed maintained. In step S1111, the CPU 201 stores color registration amounts at the second image forming speed into the RAM 203. In step S1112, the CPU 201 instructs the motor driver 208 and the like to switch to the first image forming speed. The motor driver 208 adjusts a motor rotation frequency so as to accomplish the first image forming speed. In step S1113, the CPU 201 carries out the color registration detection at the first image forming speed. In step S1114, the CPU 201 stores color registration amounts at the first image forming speed into the RAM 203.
On the other hand, if the CPU 201 determines in step S1109 that the current image forming speed is not the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1115. In step S1115, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed. If the current image forming speed is the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 skips step S1116 and proceeds to step S1117. On the other hand, if the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1116. In step S1116, the CPU 201 switches to the first image forming speed. In step S1117, the CPU 201 carries out the color registration detection at the first image forming speed. In step S1118, the CPU 201 stores color registration amounts at the first image forming speed into the RAM 203. In step S1119, the CPU 201 switches to the second image forming speed. In step S1120, the CPU 201 carries out the color registration detection at the second image forming speed. In step S1121, the CPU 201 stores color registration amounts at the second image forming speed into the RAM 203.
In the course of the above steps, both of the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed and the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed are retained in the RAM 203. Then, in step S1122, the CPU 201 obtains differences dL1 to dL3 at the second image forming speed by subtracting the color registration amounts ΔL1 to ΔL3 at the first image forming speed from the color registration amounts ΔL1 to ΔL3 at the second image forming speed, and stores the differences into the RAM 203. The color registration amounts ΔL1 to ΔL3 are color registration correction values for the first image forming speed, whereas ΔL1+dL1, ΔL2+dL2, and ΔL3+dL3 are used as color registration correction values for the second image forming speed. In step S1123, the CPU 201 clears the counter C1. In step S1124, the CPU 201 clears the counter C2. In step S1125, the CPU 201 updates temperature information X at the time of carrying out the color registration detection, which is retained in the RAM 203, to the current temperature Xc detected by the thermistor 50.
On the other hand, if the CPU 201 determines in step S1101 that the first detection condition is not satisfied, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1102. In step S1102, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the second detection condition is satisfied. For example, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the counter C2 exceeds the threshold Th2 (Th1>>Th2). The CPU 201 also determines whether or not a difference between the current temperature Xc obtained by the thermistor 50 and a temperature X stored in the RAM 203 is equal to or larger than the threshold Th3. If the second detection condition is satisfied, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1103 so as to detect color registrations caused by a temperature change in the image forming apparatus 100. If the second detection condition is not satisfied, the CPU 201 ends processing of the present flowchart. In step S1103, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed. The CPU 201 skips step S1104 and proceeds to step S1105 if the current image forming speed is the first image forming speed, and proceeds to step S1104 if the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed. In step S1104, the CPU 201 switches to the first image forming speed in the printing unit 1. In step S1105, the CPU 201 carries out the color registration detection at the first image forming speed. In step S1106, the CPU 201 stores color registration amounts at the first image forming speed into the RAM 203. Thereafter, the CPU 201 performs steps S1124 and S1125. It should be noted that the values of the thresholds Th1, Th2 and Th3 are examples, and it is assumed that they are preset in accordance with the type of the image forming apparatus.
(Paper-by-Paper Image Forming Operation Including Color Registration Correction)
The CPU 201 performs the image forming operation while correcting color registrations on a paper-by-paper basis in accordance with the flowchart shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. In step S1201, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the paper type of a sheet of paper S targeted for image formation is a paper type for which an image is formed at the second image forming speed. The CPU 201 retains, in the ROM 202, a table indicating correspondence between paper types and image forming speeds shown in FIG. 4. Therefore, the CPU 201 obtains an image forming speed by searching the table based on a paper type designated in a print job. If the paper type of the paper S is a paper type for which an image is formed at the second image forming speed, processing proceeds to step S1202. In step S1202, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed set in the printing unit 1 is other than the second image forming speed. If the current image forming speed is the second image forming speed, processing skips step S1203 and proceeds to step S1204. If the current image forming speed is other than the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1203. In step S1203, the CPU 201 switches to the second image forming speed in the printing unit 1. In step S1204, the CPU 201 corrects color registrations based on the color registration amounts ΔL1 to ΔL3 at the first image forming speed and on the differences dL1 to dL3. For example, the CPU 201 calculates a correction amount of a timing for magenta at the second image forming speed by adding the difference dL1 to ΔL1. A similar arithmetic expression can be adopted for other colors. The CPU 201 shifts the write start timings of images by correction amounts. In step S1205, the CPU 201 performs the image forming operation at the second image forming speed by controlling the printing unit 1.
On the other hand, if the type of the paper S is not a paper type for which an image is formed at the second image forming speed in step S1201, the CPU201 proceeds to step S1206. In step S1206, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the paper S targeted for image formation is of a paper type for which an image is formed at the third image forming speed. If the paper S is of a paper type for which an image is formed at the third image forming speed, processing proceeds to step S1207. In step S1207, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed set in the printing unit 1 is other than the third image forming speed. If the current image forming speed is the third image forming speed, the CPU 201 skips step S1208 and proceeds to step S1209. In step S1208, the CPU 201 switches to the third image forming speed in the printing unit 1. In step S1209, the CPU 201 corrects color registrations using the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. This is based on the premise that the color registration amounts at the third image forming speed are substantially equal to the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. In step S1210, the CPU 201 carries out the image forming operation at the third image forming speed by controlling the printing unit 1.
On the other hand, if the type of the paper S is not a paper type for which an image is formed at the third image forming speed in step S1206, the CPU201 proceeds to step S1211. In step S1211, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed. If the current image forming speed is the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 skips step S1212 and proceeds to step S1213; if the current image forming speed is other than the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1212. In step S1212, the CPU 201 switches to the first image forming speed. In step S1213, the CPU 201 corrects color registrations using the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. In step S1214, the CPU 201 carries out image formation at the first image forming speed by controlling the printing unit 1.
Thereafter, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1215 and increments the first counter C1 by one. In step S1216, the CPU 201 increments the second counter C2 by one.
FIG. 9C shows values of color registration correction amounts at the first, second and third image forming speeds based on the color registration amounts shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. As is apparent from FIG. 9C, the color registration correction amounts at the first image forming speed are the same as the color registration correction amounts at the third image forming speed, whereas the color registration correction amounts at the second image forming speed are different.
(Effects)
In the present embodiment, the CPU 201 performs color registration detection at least at the first image forming speed when the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed exceeds Th2 (e.g., 300 sheets of paper) or when the temperature at the time of previous color registration detection has changed by Th3 (e.g., 3° C.) or more. In this way, even if the internal temperature of the image forming apparatus has changed, the CPU 201 can form images while suppressing color registrations. The reason why the color registration detection is performed not only when the temperature has changed but also once every predetermined number of sheets of paper is because there is a case in which the temperature detected by the thermistor 50 is not consistent with a temperature change in the laser scanners 104 that could be the factor of color registrations.
The CPU 201 performs color registration detection at both of the first and second image forming speeds each time the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed exceeds Th1 (e.g., 10000 sheets of paper). That is to say, the CPU 201 makes a transition to an update mode when the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed exceeds Th1. Consequently, detection differences are updated. In image formation at the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 performs color registration correction using the color registration amounts detected at the first image forming speed and the detection differences. The color registration amounts at the second image forming speed may gradually change with respect to the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed in accordance with the state of deterioration of the intermediate transfer belt. Even in this case, the present embodiment allows for suppression of color registrations while reducing downtime incurred to the user. That is to say, as the CPU 201 performs color registration detection at the second image forming speed with low frequency, downtime incurred to the user is reduced. The color registration amounts at the third image forming speed may not change with respect to the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed in accordance with the state of deterioration of the intermediate transfer belt. In this case, the CPU 201 need not perform the color registration detection at the third image forming speed. By thus omitting the color registration detection at the third image forming speed, the CPU 201 can reduce downtime. It should be noted that an instruction for making a transition to the update mode may be issued from the operation unit 220.
In the present embodiment, when the color registration detection is performed at both of the first and second image forming speeds, the CPU 201 first performs the color registration detection at the first image forming speed if the current image forming speed is the first image forming speed. On the other hand, the CPU 201 first performs the color registration detection at the second image forming speed if the current image forming speed is the second image forming speed. In this way, the frequency of switching among image forming speeds can be lowered, and downtime incurred to the user can be reduced.
In the description of the present embodiment, it is assumed that the CPU 201 performs the color registration detection at the first and second image forming speeds once every Th1 sheets of paper. However, for example, with provision of a third counter C3, the CPU 201 may perform the color registration detection at the second image forming speed once every Th2 sheets of paper, store the result of the color registration detection at the second image forming speed, and reflect the result directly in color registration correction at the second image forming speed. While the CPU 201 does not perform color registration detection at the third image forming speed in the present embodiment, it may perform color registration detection at the first and third image forming speeds, store differences between the detection results, and reflect the differences in color registration correction at the third image forming speed, similarly to the case of the second image forming speed.
Second Embodiment
As described with reference to FIG. 10, in the first embodiment, it is assumed that the CPU 201 performs color registration detection in step S1003 after performing the image forming operation in step S1002. However, the image forming operation and the color registration detection may be reversed in order.
FIGS. 13A-13C show a flowchart showing processes of the color registration detection performed prior to the image forming operation. For the sake of simple explanation, processes that are the same as those in FIGS. 11A-11C are given the same reference numerals thereas. If the CPU 201 determines in step S1101 that both of the color registration detection at the first image forming speed and the color registration detection at the second image forming speed should be performed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1301. In step S1301, the CPU 201 determines whether or not a paper type designated in a print job is a paper type for which an image is formed at the first image forming speed. If the image forming speed that is set in the printing unit 1 at the time of completion of the color registration detection matches the image forming speed designated in the print job, the CPU 201 can skip switching among image forming speeds. This is why the determination process of step S1301 is necessary. If the paper type designated in the print job is a paper type for which an image is formed at the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1302. In step S1302, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the current image forming speed set in the printing unit 1 is the second image forming speed. If the current image forming speed is the second image forming speed, processing skips step S1303 and proceeds to step S1110. If the current image forming speed is other than the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 proceeds to step S1303 and switches to the second image forming speed in the printing unit 1. Thereafter, steps S1110 to S1125 are performed. That is to say, when the first image forming speed is designated in the print job, color registrations are detected at the second image forming speed first, and thereafter, color registrations are detected at the first image forming speed. The image forming speed that is set in the printing unit 1 at the end of the color registration detection matches the image forming speed that is indirectly designated in the print job. Therefore, the CPU 201 does not have to switch among image forming operations immediately after starting the image forming operation.
In step S1301, if the paper type designated in the print job is not a paper type for which an image is formed at the first image forming speed, processing proceeds to step S1115. That is to say, when the second image forming speed is designated in the print job, color registrations are detected at the first image forming speed first, and thereafter, color registrations are detected at the second image forming speed. Hence, the image forming speed that is set in the printing unit 1 at the end of the color registration detection matches the image forming speed that is indirectly designated in the print job. Therefore, the CPU 201 does not have to switch among image forming operations immediately after starting the image forming operation.
Third Embodiment
The following describes a third embodiment with a focus on differences from the first and second embodiments. In the present embodiment, when color registration amounts at both of the first and second image forming speeds are to be detected, the CPU 201 determines whether or not sheets of paper on which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed are housed in a paper housing unit. It should be noted that the first paper feeding cassette 113, the second paper feeding cassette 114 and the manual tray 116 are collectively referred to as the paper housing unit. In a case where the paper housing unit does not house sheets of paper of a paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 omits detection of color registration amounts at the second image forming speed.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart of color registration detection that is performed by the CPU 201 when the user has issued an instruction for obtaining color registration amounts through operation on the operation unit 220 in the present embodiment. That is to say, this is a flowchart of color registration detection performed in step S1011 of FIG. 10. If the user issues an instruction for performing color registration correction in accordance with the screen shown in FIG. 3C, the CPU 201 obtains color registration amounts at the first image forming speed in steps S1401 to S1403. It should be noted that the specifics of the processes of steps S1401 to S1403 are similar to those of steps S1116 to S1118 shown in FIG. 11C. Subsequently, the CPU 201 determines whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets of paper of a paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed in step S1404. If these sheets are not housed, the CPU 201 clears the counter C2 in step S1410, and updates temperature information X at the time of carrying out color registration detection, which is retained in the RAM 203, to the current temperature Xc detected by the thermistor 50 in step S1411. On the other hand, if the paper housing unit houses the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed in step S1404, the CPU 201 obtains color registration amounts at the second image forming speed and obtains differences from the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed in steps S1405 to S1408. It should be noted that the specifics of the processes of steps S1405 to S1408 are similar to those of steps S1119 to S1122 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. After the CPU 201 has obtained the differences in step S1408, it clears the counter C1 and the counter C2 and updates the temperature information X to the current temperature Xc in steps S1409 to S1411.
FIGS. 15A to 15C are flowcharts of color registration detection that is performed by the CPU 201 after image formation has been performed on one sheet of paper. That is to say, this is a flowchart of color registration detection performed in step S1003 of FIG. 10. The CPU 201 determines whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets of paper of a paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed in step S1501. If these sheets are housed, the CPU 201 performs the process of step S1101; if these sheets are not housed, the CPU 201 performs the process of step S1102. It should be noted that the processes of steps S1101 to S1125 of FIGS. 15A to 15C are similar to the processes of FIGS. 11A to 11C, and a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
In the flowchart of FIGS. 15A to 15C, whether or not the paper housing unit houses the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed is determined first. If the paper housing unit does not house the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed, whether or not the second detection condition is satisfied is determined. That is to say, if the paper housing unit does not house the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed, whether or not the first detection condition is satisfied is not determined. However, it is possible to adopt, for example, a configuration for first determining whether or not the first detection condition is satisfied, and if the first detection condition is satisfied, determining whether or not the paper housing unit houses the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed. In this case, the CPU 201 obtains color registration amounts at the first and second image forming speeds if these sheets are housed, and obtains only color registration amounts at the first image forming speed if these sheets are not housed. Also, while the flowcharts of FIGS. 15A to 15C are performed after image formation has been performed on one sheet of paper as in the first embodiment, in the present embodiment it may be performed before image formation is performed on one sheet of paper as in the second embodiment.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, if the paper housing unit does not house the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed, color registration amounts at the second image forming speed are not detected even at a timing for detecting the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed. Alternatively, a situation in which the paper housing unit houses the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed is used as one of the conditions for reaching a timing for detecting the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed. This is because, if the paper housing unit does not house the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed, there is a low possibility that image formation is performed at the second image forming speed before the next timing for detecting color registration amounts. By thus omitting the detection of the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed depending on the status of use of the image forming apparatus, color registrations can be suppressed while reducing downtime incurred to the user.
In the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 14 and 15A to 15C, a timing for detecting the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed is controlled based on whether or not the paper housing unit houses the sheets of paper of the paper type for which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed. This is based on the premise that, in the present embodiment, color registration correction that uses the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed is performed only for the sheets of paper on which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed. However, for example, there is a case in which sheets of paper on which image formation is performed at a fourth image forming speed exist, and the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed are used in performing image formation at the fourth image forming speed. In this case, step S1404 of FIG. 14 and step S1501 of FIG. 15A can adopt a configuration for determining whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets of paper of a paper type for which image formation is performed at the second and fourth image forming speeds. That is to say, they can adopt a configuration for determining whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets of paper of a paper type for which color registration correction is performed using the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed at the time of image formation. This is because, if the paper housing unit does not house the sheets of paper of the paper type for which color registration correction is performed using the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed, there is a low possibility that the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed are used before the next timing for detecting color registration amounts. By thus omitting the detection of the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed depending on the status of use of the image forming apparatus, color registrations can be suppressed while reducing downtime incurred to the user.
<Summary>
In the present embodiment, at a first timing when the second detection condition is satisfied, the CPU 201 controls the printing unit 1, the pattern sensor 112, and the like to form a plurality of patterns and perform measurement regarding the plurality of patterns at the first image forming speed. On the other hand, at a second timing when the first detection condition is satisfied, the CPU 201 controls the printing unit 1, the pattern sensor 112, and the like to form a plurality of patterns and perform measurement regarding the plurality of patterns at the second image forming speed. Conventionally, color registration amounts have been measured at a single image forming speed, and the results of the measurement have been used in color registration correction at a plurality of image forming speeds. This is because color registration amounts attributed to short-term factors, such as a temperature change, do not depend on an image forming speed. Meanwhile, in a case where an intermediate transfer member that rotates due to a frictional force against a roller, such as the intermediate transfer belt 13a, is adopted as an image carrier, color registration amounts attributed to long-term factors are evident. The color registration amounts attributed to long-term factors may tend to differ among a plurality of image forming speeds. Therefore, by measuring color registration amounts and applying them to color registration correction also at the second image forming speed at the second timing, color registrations can be corrected appropriately also at the second image forming speed.
The first image forming speed may be higher than the second image forming speed. A processing time period for formation and measurement of patterns is shorter at a high image forming speed than at a low image forming speed. This makes it easy to reduce downtime, which is a time period in which the user cannot form images.
The CPU 201 may control the printing unit 1 and the pattern sensor 112 to form a plurality of patterns and perform measurement regarding the plurality of patterns at the first image forming speed also at the second timing. That is to say, at the second timing when the first condition is satisfied, color registrations are measured at both of the first and second image forming speeds. In this way, color registration amounts at the first image forming speed and color registration amounts at the second image forming speed can be measured under the substantially same environmental condition. In particular, when the second timing is reached, the CPU 201 may consecutively perform formation and measurement of the plurality of patterns at the first image forming speed and formation and measurement of the plurality of patterns at the second image forming speed. This makes it possible to approximate measurement conditions for the color registration amounts at the first image forming speed and the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed.
The CPU 201 may determine that the second timing is reached when a count value of the first counter C1 exceeds a first threshold Th1. Also, the CPU 201 may determine that the first timing is reached when a count value of the second counter C2 exceeds a second threshold Th2. In this way, the CPU 201 may make a judgment about a timing at which the color registration amounts need to be measured at least at the first image forming speed, as well as a timing at which the color registration amounts need to be measured at least at the second image forming speed, in accordance with the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed. The number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed is a physical parameter that is useful in a judgment about short-term changes and long-term changes (deterioration) in the components of the image forming apparatus. Furthermore, as this is an easy-to-count parameter, processing for counting the number of sheets of paper on which images have been formed has an advantage of being easily configured in the image forming apparatus. It should be noted that, in a case where the first threshold Th1 is larger than the second threshold Th2, the first timing is particularly reached with high frequency, and therefore the second timing is reached with low frequency. Consequently, the CPU 201 can lower the frequency of measurement of color registration amounts at the second image forming speed, and hence the downtime can be reduced as well.
As described in relation to step S1102, the CPU 201 may determine that the first timing is reached when a difference between the current temperature Xc detected by the thermistor 50 and a temperature X that was stored in the storage apparatus at the time of performing measurement regarding the plurality of patterns becomes equal to or larger than a third threshold. When the internal temperature of the image forming apparatus changes, optical components involved in laser beams expand and shrink, and therefore color registrations easily occur. In view of this, by focusing on the temperature change, color registration amounts (correction values) can be updated appropriately, with more ease, at a timing when color registrations easily occur. Furthermore, the accuracy of color registration correction will be improved.
When toner images are formed at the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 corrects write start timings of toner images in colors other than the reference color based on intervals measured at the first image forming speed. When toner images are formed at the second image forming speed, the CPU 201 may correct write start timings of toner images in colors other than the reference color based on the differences dL1 to dL3 and on the intervals measured at the first image forming speed (the color registration amounts ΔL1 to ΔL3). As stated earlier, the differences dL1 to dL3 are differences between intervals measured at the first image forming speed and intervals measured at the second image forming speed, and in particular are differences between color registration amounts.
It should be noted that the CPU 201 may not perform formation and measurement of patterns at the third image forming speed that yields color registration amounts analogous to color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. In this case, when toner images are formed at the third image forming speed, the CPU 201 corrects write start timings of toner images in colors other than the reference color based on intervals measured at the first image forming speed. This has an advantage of reducing downtime related to the third image forming speed. In a case where the third image forming speed is lower than the first image forming speed and higher than the second image forming speed, color registration amounts at the third image forming speed tend to be analogous to color registration amounts at the first image forming speed. In a case where they are not analogous, measurement and correction of color registrations may be carried out at the third image forming speed, similarly to the case of the second image forming speed.
The carrier may be an intermediate transfer member that is driven by a frictional force. In particular, the intermediate transfer member may be the intermediate transfer belt 13a that is driven by the driving roller 13b. The intermediate transfer belt 13a rotates by being driven by a frictional force acting against the driving roller 13b. This means that, if the intermediate transfer belt 13a deteriorates, slippage occurs and color registration amounts easily change. Therefore, with regard to an intermediate transfer member driven by a frictional force, such as the intermediate transfer belt 13a, the CPU 201 corrects color registrations with high accuracy by individually measuring color registration amounts not only at the first image forming speed but also at the second image forming speed.
Incidentally, as described with reference to FIG. 10, the CPU 201 has a control mode in which the image forming operation is performed on a paper-by-paper basis and a control mode in which color registration detection is performed. That is to say, the CPU 201 functions as a first operation control unit that performs the image forming operation in accordance with a print job, and also as a second operation control unit that performs measurement of color registrations. In the image forming mode, the CPU 201 performs first operation control for transferring, to a sheet of paper, toner images in different colors that have been formed by the plurality of image forming units on the intermediate transfer member by driving the plurality of image forming units and the intermediate transfer member in accordance with an image forming speed designated from among a plurality of image forming speeds. On the other hand, in the measuring mode, the CPU 201 forms, on the intermediate transfer member, patterns for correcting positional misalignments of images in colors other than the reference color with respect to an image in the reference color by driving the plurality of printing units and the intermediate transfer member in accordance with the designated image forming speed. Then, second operation control is performed for measuring misalignment amounts of the patterns in colors other than the reference color with respect to the pattern in the reference color formed on the intermediate transfer member. In particular, the CPU 201 performs the second operation control at the first image forming speed at the first timing, and performs the second operation control at the second image forming speed at the second timing. Furthermore, in a case where images are formed at the first image forming speed, the CPU 201 corrects positions of images in colors other than the reference color in accordance with misalignment amounts measured at the first image forming speed. On the other hand, in a case where images are formed at the second image forming speed, it corrects positions of images in colors other than the reference color in accordance with misalignment amounts measured at least at the second image forming speed. Consequently, the above-described effects are achieved.
Furthermore, in a case where the color registration amounts at both of the first and second image forming speeds are obtained at the second timing, the CPU 201 can adopt a configuration for determining whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets on which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed. Alternatively, in a case where the color registration amounts at both of the first and second image forming speeds are obtained at the second timing, it can adopt a configuration for determining whether or not the paper housing unit houses sheets for which color registration correction is performed using the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed. The configuration may be such that, in a case where the paper housing unit does not house the sheets on which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed and the sheets for which color registration correction is performed using the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed, the obtainment of the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed is omitted. The CPU 201 can also uses a situation in which the paper housing unit houses the sheets on which image formation is performed at the second image forming speed as one of the conditions for determining that at least the second timing has been reached. Alternatively, the CPU 201 can use a situation in which the paper housing unit houses the sheets for which color registration correction is performed using the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed as one of conditions for determining that at least the second timing has been reached. If the paper housing unit does not house these sheets, there is a low probability that color registration correction that uses the color registration amounts at the second image forming speed is performed before the next second timing. Therefore, this configuration allows for reduction of downtime incurred to the user while maintaining the accuracy of color registration correction.
Other Embodiments
Embodiments of the present invention can also be realized by a computer of a system or apparatus that reads out and executes computer executable instructions (e.g., one or more programs) recorded on a storage medium (which may also be referred to more fully as a ‘non-transitory computer-readable storage medium’) to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiments and/or that includes one or more circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) for performing the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiments, and by a method performed by the computer of the system or apparatus by, for example, reading out and executing the computer executable instructions from the storage medium to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiments and/or controlling the one or more circuits to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiments. The computer may comprise one or more processors (e.g., central processing unit (CPU), micro processing unit (MPU)) and may include a network of separate computers or separate processors to read out and execute the computer executable instructions. The computer executable instructions may be provided to the computer, for example, from a network or the storage medium. The storage medium may include, for example, one or more of a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a storage of distributed computing systems, an optical disk (such as a compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD)TM), a flash memory device, a memory card, and the like.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-034715, filed on Feb. 25, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

## Claims

1. An image forming apparatus that is capable of forming an image at a plurality of image forming speeds, the image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming unit that has a first image forming part configured to form a first image in a first color and a second image forming part configured to form a second image in a second color different from the first color, and configured to form an image using the first image forming part and the second image forming part;
a housing unit configured to house a recording material;
an image bearing member configured to bear the image, and to convey the image;
a transfer unit configured to transfer the image borne by the bearing member to the recording material;
an obtaining unit that has a sensor which measures a measurement image including a first measurement image and a second measurement image formed by the image forming unit on the image bearing member, and configured to obtain information related to a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in a conveyance direction of the image bearing member based on a measurement result of the measurement image by the sensor, the first measurement image and the second measurement image being formed by the first image forming part and the second image forming part, respectively;
a generation unit configured to generate correlation data based on first information which is a result obtained by the obtaining unit with respect to the measurement image in correspondence with a first image forming speed and on second information which is a result obtained by the obtaining unit with respect to the measurement image in correspondence with a second image forming speed, the correlation data indicating a relationship between a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in the conveyance direction corresponding to the first image forming speed and a relative position of the first measurement image and the second measurement image in the conveyance direction corresponding to the second image forming speed;
a controller configured to, in a case where the image forming unit forms an image at the second image forming speed, correct a relative position of the first image and the second image in the conveyance direction based on the first information obtained in advance by the obtaining unit and on the correlation data generated by the generation unit; and
a prohibition unit configured to prohibit formation of the measurement image at the second image forming speed in a case where the housing unit does not house a predetermined recording material corresponding to the second image forming speed.

2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined recording material corresponds to the second image forming speed.

3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the generation unit is further configured to generate the correlation data in response to input of an instruction from a user for obtaining a color registration amount.

4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first count unit configured to count a number of recording material sheets on which images have been formed, wherein
the generation unit is further configured to generate the correlation data if a count value of the first count unit exceeds a first threshold.

5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising
a second count unit configured to count a number of recording material sheets on which images have been formed, wherein
the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain the first information if a count value of the second count unit exceeds a second threshold.

6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a timing of obtainment of the first information by the obtaining unit is a timing that is reached with higher frequency than a timing of generation of the correlation data by the generation unit.

7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a detector configured to detect a temperature related to the image forming apparatus, wherein
the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain the first information if a difference between a current temperature detected by the detector and a temperature stored at a time of obtainment of the first information becomes larger than a predetermined temperature.

8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a holding unit configured to hold information indicating a relationship between types of the recording material and image forming speeds of the image forming unit.

9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the first and second image forming speeds depend on a recording material thickness.

10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the first and second image forming speeds depend on a type of recording material.

11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first image forming speed is higher than the second image forming speed.

12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain the first information in a case where the housing unit does not house a recording material on which an image is formed at the second image forming speed at a timing of generation of the correlation data.