# Patent

## Title
Compensating pressure controller for fluid dispenser and method

## Abstract

A fluid dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel containing liquid to be dispensed. The barrel has a slidable piston therein with the liquid on a forward piston side and a chamber on a rear piston side. Positive and negative pressure fluid circuits have components operable to apply respective positive and negative fluid pressures to the rear side of the piston. A pressure transducer is operable to sense a fluid pressure in the chamber; and a dispenser control is operative to store a pressure-time relationship during an initial dispensing cycle and thereafter, operate a component in the positive pressure fluid circuit to maintain the pressure-time relationship during a subsequent dispensing cycle.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 11/278,465, filed Apr. 3, 2006 (pending) which is a continuation of Ser. No. PCT/US2004/032974 filed on Oct. 6, 2004 (expired) which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/509,221 filed on Oct. 6, 2003, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to fluid dispensing and more particularly, to a fluid dispensing system and process for accurately and consistently dispensing a quantity of fluid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional fluid dispensing systems include automated and hand-held dispensers that support a barrel containing a liquid to be dispensed. With a hand-held dispenser, an operator orients a dispenser tip at a desired location with respect to a substrate and actuates a switch to initiate a dispensing cycle. A control is responsive to the actuated switch and opens a valve to apply pressurized fluid, for example, shop air, to the rear of a piston in a container or syringe. Thus, as the piston is moved in the container, liquid is dispensed from the tip and deposited on the substrate. Such dispensing systems can dispense a wide range of liquids having a wide range of viscosities, for example, water, resin material, conductive adhesive, cream solder, UV resin, silver paste and the other paste-like materials used in coating, dotting, fixing, filling, sealing and injecting processes used in the manufacture of electronics and many other fields of industry. The quantity of liquid dispensed can be large or small and is often determined by the operator running test dispense cycles of different times and pressures until a desired application of the liquid on the substrate is achieved.
With a container full of liquid, when pressure is applied to piston, the pressure builds rapidly to a desired dispense pressure PD as shown by the pressure-time curve in FIG. 6A; and the pressure is maintained at the desired dispense pressure throughout the dispensing cycle. As liquid is dispensed from the container, the chamber in the container behind the piston increases in size; and hence, a larger volume of air is required to reach the desired dispense pressure. Since air is a highly compressible fluid, a longer time is required to bring the dispenser up to the dispensing pressure; and with the dispensing cycle time fixed, the quantity of liquid dispensed and hence, the size of the liquid deposit, over the dispensing cycle will change. The degree of change will depend on the viscosity of the liquid and other factors. With less liquid in the container, the piston pressure may never reach the desired dispensing pressure as shown in FIG. 6B. Therefore, the operator must continuously adjust the pressure and/or cycle time as the liquid is dispensed from the container.
It is known to use smaller containers, so that the change in volume behind the piston is minimal; and a more consistent dispensing is achieved for a given dispensing pressure and time. However, that solution reduces the efficiency of the dispensing process by requiring more container changes. It also increases the cost of the dispensing process by requiring that more smaller containers be purchased, which also increases the waste generated by the process.
It is also known to automatically adjust the dispensing time in response to liquid being dispensed from the container. In one system, a first calibration is run during which an integration of pressure is determined as liquid is dispensed from the container. A controller stores a running sum of pressures with each time increment, that is, the integrated pressure, which represents the area under the pressure-time curve. Thus, for each time increment, the sum of the pressure integrals represents a quantity of liquid remaining in the container. A second calibration requires that times be measured and stored, which are required to dispense different quantities of liquid from the container. Those stored times also correlate to quantities of liquid remaining in the container. Therefore, over a dispensing cycle, a sum of integrated pressures is determined; and using the results of the first calibration, the control is able to determine the liquid remaining in the container. Based on the second calibration, the control is then able to correspondingly adjust the dispensing time. There are also known variations on this process including variations in the calibration processes as well as having the controller calculate a new dispensing time based on a generic formula.
The above process has several disadvantages. First, it requires multiple calibration processes; and each calibration process requires that a full container of liquid be dispensed until empty before calibration data can be utilized. Thus, the two calibration processes must be executed in an off-line, nonproduction environment, which is a time consuming and costly requirement. Second, finding an integral of the pressure requires that a full dispensing cycle be executed. Thus, any compensation based on the integrated pressure must be implemented on a subsequent dispensing cycle. Third, based on the pressure integral, the duration of a subsequent dispensing cycle is adjusted. While this process may work for manual dispensing processes, it is not practical with automated dispensing processes. In automated processes, a substrate is often moved past the dispenser on a conveyor; and most often, the dispensing process time is considered to be constant, so that conveyor motion past the dispenser can follow a fixed velocity profile. If the dispensing cycle time is constantly changing due to pressure compensation, the velocity profile of the conveyor moving the substrate must also be changed, as well as the timing of the downstream processes operating on the substrate.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an apparatus and a method of providing a simpler and more flexible system for maintaining a consistent quality in the application of the liquid onto the substrate as the liquid in the container is diminished.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fluid dispensing system that is substantially simpler, more flexible and more time efficient than known dispensing systems. The dispensing system of the present invention has a setup procedure that is automatically run in a production environment and thus, faster than known calibration systems. Further, the setup procedure does not require a full container of liquid but, is equally effective with a partially used container. In addition, the dispensing system of the present invention provides a greater number of consistent, high quality dispensing cycles, thereby permitting the use of larger containers and providing a significant time and cost advantage for the user. Also, the dispensing system of the present invention does not compensate by changing the dispensing cycle time and therefore, is particularly useful in an automated fluid dispensing environment.
More specifically, using a container having any quantity of liquid in it, the fluid dispensing system of the present invention provides a setup process that automatically measures and stores pressure-time relationships with each dispensing cycle in a setup mode. Upon determining a desired liquid deposition, the operator is able to select, via a simple switch actuation, a desired pressure-time relationship that is stored for future use. Thereafter, in a run mode, all subsequent dispensing cycles are executed using the desired pressure-time relationship, thereby providing a consistent quantity of dispensed liquid with each dispensing cycle. Any time that the operator chooses another barrel, the setup mode is again selected, and a new pressure-time relationship is determined.
According to the principles of the present invention and in accordance with the described embodiments, the invention provides a fluid dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel containing liquid to be dispensed. The barrel has a slidable piston therein with the liquid on a forward piston side and a chamber on a rear piston side. A positive pressure fluid circuit has components operable to apply a positive fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston, and a negative pressure fluid circuit has components operable to apply a negative fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston. A pressure transducer is operable to sense a fluid pressure in the chamber; and a dispenser control has an input electrically connected to the pressure transducer and outputs electrically connected to the components in the positive and negative pressure fluid circuits. The dispenser control is operative to store a pressure-time relationship during a first dispensing cycle and thereafter, operate a component in the positive pressure fluid circuit to maintain the pressure-time relationship during a subsequent dispensing cycle. In one aspect of the invention, the pressure transducer is mounted on the fluid dispenser.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of operating a controller for a fluid dispensing system in which the controller operates the fluid dispensing system to execute a liquid dispensing cycle in response to operator inputs designating a setup mode and initiating a dispensing cycle. The controller determines a pressure-time relationship for the liquid dispensing cycle. The controller executes further liquid dispensing cycles and determines respective pressure-time relationships in response to respective operator inputs initiating further dispensing cycles. Next, the controller saves, in response to another operator input, a reference pressure-time relationship associated with a most recent liquid dispensing cycle. The controller then operates the fluid dispensing system to execute a subsequent liquid dispensing cycle in response to operator inputs designating a run mode and initiating a dispensing cycle. The controller maintains a pressure-time relationship during the subsequent liquid substantially equal to the reference pressure-time relationship.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent during the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings herein.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with a general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a compensating pressure control system for a manual fluid dispenser in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a setup mode of operation for the compensating pressure control system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a run mode of operation for the compensating pressure control system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a compensating pressure control system for a manual fluid dispenser in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a compensating pressure control system for a manual fluid dispenser in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 6A illustrates a pressure and time relationship for a manual fluid dispenser having a full barrel of liquid.
FIG. 6B illustrates a pressure and time relationship for a manual fluid dispenser having only a portion of the barrel filled with liquid.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a manual dispensing system 20 in which a fluid source 22 supplies a pressurized fluid, for example, pressurized air, to a fluid circuit 24 via a connector 26. The fluid circuit 24 is operated by a dispenser controller 28 that commands the fluid circuit 24 to provide pressurized fluid via connector 30 to a fluid dispenser 40. The fluid dispenser 40 supports a barrel 32 having a liquid 34 stored therein. The barrel 32 is a substantially closed container with a piston 36 mounted for slidable motion therein. The piston 36 has the liquid 34 on a forward side and a fluid chamber 35 on a rear side. The pressurized fluid is supplied to the chamber 35 and applies a positive pressure against the rear side of the piston 36, thereby displacing the piston 36 within the barrel 32 and dispensing the liquid from a dispensing tip 38. An example of the fluid dispenser 40 is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,938,795 entitled “Hand-Held Fluid Dispenser System and Method of Operating Hand-Held Fluid Dispenser Systems”, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
The fluid circuit 24 has a negative pressure control valve 42 that, in its illustrated open state, passes a negative pressure fluid to the chamber 35 between dispensing cycles. For purposes of this document, the term “negative pressure” means a pressure less than atmospheric pressure; and the term “positive pressure” means a fluid pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The negative pressure fluid is provided by a negative pressure generator 44, for example, a venturi, which receives positive pressure fluid from a negative pressure regulator 46. The negative pressure control valve 42, negative pressure generator 44, negative pressure regulator 46 and pressure transducer 56 form a negative pressure fluid circuit 94. A positive pressure control valve 48 is illustrated in its closed state but when opened, passes a pressurized fluid from the negative pressure regulator 46 to the rear portion of the piston 36. The positive pressure control valve 48, positive pressure regulator 50 and pressure transducer 56 form a positive pressure fluid circuit 92.
The dispenser controller 28 has a control 52 responsive to input signals provided by an operator I/O 54. The operator I/O 54 may include pushbuttons, switches, displays, and other devices that allow and facilitate the input of dispense parameters to the control 52 as well as display process conditions to the operator. The control 52 further receives an input signal from a pressure transducer or pressure sensor 56. The pressure transducer 56 continuously senses fluid pressure in the chamber 35 and provides one or more electrical signals representative of the sensed fluid pressure. The control 52 provides control signals to a positive pressure regulator control 58 and a negative pressure regulator control 60 that, in turn, are operative to adjust the pressures of the respective positive and negative pressure regulators 50, 46.
In FIG. 1, the pressure transducer 56 is physically mounted to the fluid dispenser 40 and thus, is able to more directly sense the pressure in the chamber 35 behind the piston 36. The transducer 56 more quickly captures a more accurate pressure related measurement in the chamber 35 than a pressure sensor that is mounted remotely from the fluid dispenser 40. Therefore, the closer proximity of the pressure sensor 56 to the chamber 35 improves the accuracy and responsiveness of a pressure sampling process described herein.
In dispensing liquid from the barrel 32, an operator uses the operator I/O 54 to select desired values for positive pressure, negative pressure and cycle time; and the operator I/O 54 provides corresponding signals to respective control inputs 64, 65, 66. The operator then actuates a dispense switch to provide a dispense signal on control input 67. The control 52 is responsive to the dispense signal to apply a positive pressure fluid to the chamber 35, thereby displacing the piston 34 within the barrel 32 and dispensing liquid from the dispensing tip 38. After a period of time determined by the cycle time on input 66, the control 52 applies a negative pressure fluid to the chamber 35 to quickly arrest the flow of liquid and to counteract a gravitational force on the liquid, thereby preventing liquid from dripping from the dispensing tip 38. The negative pressure fluid is often not used with higher viscosity liquids. The operator then observes the deposition of liquid onto a substrate and determines whether there should be any adjustments made to the positive pressure or the dispense time. After making an adjustment, a dispensing cycle is again executed; and the operator iterates that process until a satisfactory liquid deposition is achieved.
As described earlier, as liquid is dispensed from the barrel 32, the size of the chamber 35 increases. Therefore, for the quantity of dispensed liquid to remain constant over successive dispensing cycles, at the start of each dispense cycle, a successive greater flow rate of positive pressure fluid must be input to the chamber 35. Such a greater flow rate of positive pressure fluid is achieved by successively increasing the positive pressure. Often, the operator must continuously increase the positive pressure as the barrel 32 is emptied of liquid. As discussed earlier, this process requires substantial skill by the operator and makes for a relatively inefficient fluid dispensing process.
To address that problem, the control 52 executes a setup subroutine in response to the operator providing a setup mode signal on control input 62. Referring to FIG. 2, in the setup mode, the control 52 first, at 202, reads the signals on inputs 64, 65, 66 to determine the operator selected values for positive pressure, negative pressure and dispense cycle time, respectively. The control 52 then commands the positive pressure regulator control 58 and negative pressure regulator control 60 to adjust the respective regulators 50, 46 to the operator selected pressures. Upon the operator actuating the dispense switch, the control 52 detects, at 204, a dispense signal on control input 67 and immediately, at 206, provides signals on control outputs 69, 70 causing the negative pressure control valve 42 to close and the positive pressure control valve 48 to open, thereby applying positive pressure fluid to the chamber 35. In addition, the control 52 starts an internal cycle timer and an internal sample timer. Upon detecting, at 208, the sample timer timing out, the control 52 samples, at 210, a pressure value on control input 71 from the pressure transducer 56 and resets the sample timer. A pressure value is then stored based on one or more pressure samples in association with a corresponding sample time. As will be appreciated, the pressure sampling process often requires that several pressure samples be taken and processed to remove noise and other artifacts prior to providing a single pressure value that is stored for future use.
Next, at 212, the control 52 determines whether the cycle timer has timed out. If not, the control 52 iterates the process steps 208 and 210 to continue to sample and store pressure values over the dispensing cycle. When the cycle timer time out is detected, the control 52, at 214, provides output signals commanding the positive pressure control valve 48 to close and the negative pressure control valve 42 to open. In addition, the control 52 executes a negative pressure control subroutine during which the pressure sensor 56 is periodically sampled and compared to the negative pressure selected by the operator. If there is any difference between those pressures, the control 52 commands the negative pressure regulator control 60 to adjust the negative pressure regulator 46 by an amount equal to that difference. Thus, during the time between dispense cycles, the negative pressure in the chamber 35 is maintained at the negative pressure selected by the operator.
As noted earlier, it may require several dispensing cycles before the operator finds a positive pressure value and dispensing cycle time that produces the desired deposition of liquid onto a substrate. However, during each of those dispensing cycles, the control 52 is executing the setup mode process described with respect to process steps 202 to 214. When the desired deposition is achieved, the operator then uses the operator I/O 54 to provide a save signal on input 68 to the control 52. Upon the control detecting the save input at 216, it proceeds, at 218, to identify the stored pressure values for the immediately preceding dispensing cycle as reference pressure values to be subsequently used in the run mode routine illustrated in FIG. 3. Thus, the stored reference pressure values in association with their respective sample times represent a desired pressure-time relationship over the dispensing cycle.
Upon completing the setup mode by finding a set of desired positive pressure and dispense time values, the operator then provides, via the operator I/O 54, a run mode signal on input 63 of control 52. Upon detecting the run mode signal, the control 52 executes the run mode routine illustrated in FIG. 3. The operator then proceeds to execute another dispensing cycle. Upon detecting the dispense switch being activated at 302, the computer 52 then proceeds, at 304, to switch the states of the control valves 42, 48, thereby removing the negative pressure fluid and applying positive pressure fluid to the chamber 35. In addition, the cycle and sample timers are started. Normally, the sample timer operating during the run mode has the same frequency or sample time interval as the sample timer that was used during the setup mode. Hence, there will be a one-to-one time correspondence between the reference pressure values and the pressure values resulting from the pressure samples taken during the current dispensing cycle; and thus, it will be easier to reproduce the pressure-time relationship represented by the reference pressures in the current dispensing cycle. Upon detecting, at 306, the sampled timer has timed out, the control 52, at 308, samples and stores a pressure value from the pressure transducer 56 and resets the sample timer. The control 52 then, at 310, determines the difference between the stored pressure value and a corresponding reference pressure value that was determined during the setup mode. Upon detecting a difference, the control 52 provides, at 312, a signal on output 72 to the positive pressure regulator control 58, thereby causing it to adjust the positive pressure regulator 50 to provide an increased positive pressure that is equal to the reference pressure. Upon detecting, at 316, that the cycle timer is not finished, the control 52 then iterates the process of steps 306-312. Thus, during each sample time, the fluid applied to the chamber 35 maintains a positive pressure equal to the positive pressure reference values. Thus, the pressures that were stored at the end of the setup mode as the reference pressures are duplicated during corresponding sample times of this subsequent dispensing cycle. Providing substantially the same pressures over corresponding times during the subsequent dispensing cycle provides substantially the same quantity of liquid being dispensed from the barrel 32.
Upon detecting, at 316, that the cycle timer is finished, the control 52 then, at 314, switches the states of the negative and positive control valves 42, 48 to remove the positive pressure fluid and apply the negative pressure fluid. In addition, the control 52 executes a negative pressure control subroutine as previously described with respect to process step 214 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the compensating pressure controller 28 in which the fluid circuit 78 replaces the fluid circuit 24 of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the positive and negative pressure regulators 46, 50 and respective pressure regulator controls 60, 58 of FIG. 1 are replaced by respective positive and negative pressure proportional valves 80, 82 and an accumulator 84 as shown in FIG. 4. Further, the control valves 42, 48 of FIG. 1 are consolidated into a single switching valve 86. Components in FIG. 4 that are common to FIG. 1 are identically numbered and have substantially the same function as previously described with respect to FIG. 1. However, it should be noted that, in FIG. 4, the pressure transducer 56 is mounted remote from the fluid dispenser 40. Therefore, it will be slightly less responsive than if it were mounted on the fluid dispenser 40. A positive pressure fluid circuit 92 is formed by the positive pressure proportional valve 80, accumulator 84, pressure transducers 56, 88 and a portion of switching valve 86 that passes a positive pressure therethrough. A negative pressure fluid circuit 94 is formed by the negative pressure proportional valve 82, negative pressure generator 44, pressure transducer 56, and a portion of the switching valve that passes a negative pressure therethrough.
The dispenser controller 28 is operative with the fluid circuit 78 of FIG. 4 to execute the setup mode of FIG. 2 and run mode of FIG. 3 substantially as previously described. The only difference is how the fluid circuit 78 applies the positive and negative pressures to the chamber 35. Upon the expiration of the dispensing cycle timer, the control 52 provides a signal on output 73 to the switching valve 86 causing the valve 86 to switch to the position illustrated in FIG. 4 in which the negative pressure generator 44 provides a negative pressure fluid to the chamber 35. During the time between dispensing cycles, the control 52 samples the pressure from pressure transducer 56 and compares that pressure to the negative pressure selected by the operator on input 65. If a difference is determined, the control 52 provides a signal on output 74 to the negative pressure proportional valve 82 causing the proportional valve 82 to change the flow of pressurized fluid such that the negative pressure applied to the chamber 35 becomes equal to the negative pressure selected by the operator.
Further, during the time between dispensing cycles, the control 52 samples the pressure from pressure transducer 88 on control input 75 and compares it to the positive pressure selected by the operator on input 64. If there is a difference between those pressures, the control 52 provides a signal on output 76 to the positive pressure proportional valve 80 causing it to open sufficiently to charge the accumulator 84 until by monitoring the pressure sensor 88, the control 52 determines that the accumulator is charged to a pressure appropriate for the next dispensing cycle.
Upon the control 52 detecting an operator initiated change of state of the dispense signal on input 67, it provides an output signal commanding the switching valve 86 to change state, thereby removing the negative pressure fluid and connecting the positive pressure fluid to the chamber 35. The positive pressure fluid is provided by the accumulator 84. During the dispensing cycle, the control 52 samples the pressure from the pressure transducer 56 and compares that to the operator selected positive pressure on input 64. If there is a difference, the control 52 provides an output signal commanding the positive pressure proportional valve 80 to change the flow of pressurized fluid, so that positive pressure applied to the chamber 35 becomes substantially equal to the operator selected positive pressure.
FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the dispensing system 20 in which a fluid circuit 90 is used in conjunction with the dispenser controller 28. Again, components in FIG. 5 that are common to FIGS. 1 and 4 are identically numbered and have substantially the same function as previously described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 4. As with the other embodiments, the dispenser controller 28 is operative with the fluid circuit 90 to execute both the setup and run modes of FIGS. 2 and 3 previously described. Again, the only difference is how the fluid circuit 90 applies positive and negative pressure fluids to the chamber 35. A positive pressure fluid circuit 92 is formed by positive pressure regulator 50, positive pressure proportional valve 80, and pressure transducer 56. A negative pressure fluid circuit 94 is formed by the negative pressure proportional valve 82, negative pressure generator 44, and pressure transducer 56.
In this embodiment, upon the control 52 detecting the cycle timer timing out indicating the end of a dispensing cycle, signals are provided on outputs 76, 74 commanding the positive pressure proportional valve 80 to close and the negative pressure proportional valve 82 to open. With the proportional valve 82 open, the negative pressure generator 44 provides a negative pressure fluid to the chamber 35. During the time between dispensing cycles, the control 52 samples pressure values from the pressure transducer 56 and compares the sampled pressure values to the operator selected negative pressure on input 65. If there is a difference, the control 52 provides an output signal commanding the negative pressure proportional valve 82 to change the fluid flow therethrough causing the negative pressure in the chamber 35 to be substantially equal to the operator selected negative pressure.
Upon detecting an operator initiated dispense cycle on input 67, the control 52 provides output signals commanding the negative pressure proportional valve 80 to close and the positive pressure proportional valve 80 to open, thereby providing a positive pressure fluid to the chamber 35. During the dispensing cycle, the control 52 samples pressure from the pressure transducer 56 and compares the sampled pressure to the operator selected positive pressure on input 64. If there is a difference, the control 52 provides an output signal to the positive pressure regulator control 50 causing it to change the positive pressure regulator 80, so that the pressure in the chamber 35 becomes substantially equal to the operator selected positive pressure.
To summarize, using a barrel having any quantity of liquid in it, the fluid dispensing system 20 provides a setup process that automatically measures and stores pressure-time relationships with each dispensing cycle in a setup mode. Upon determining a desired liquid deposition, the operator is able to select, via a simple switch actuation, a desired pressure-time relationship that is stored for future use. Thereafter, in a run mode, all subsequent dispensing cycles are executed using the desired pressure-time relationship, thereby providing a consistent quantity of dispensed liquid with each dispensing cycle. Anytime the operator chooses another barrel, the setup mode is again selected, and a new pressure-time relationship is determined.
Thus, the dispensing system 20 provides several advantages. First, the setup mode is executed while the operator is dispensing fluid to determine the desired pressure and cycle time parameters. Therefore, production time is not lost to perform an offline calibration of the dispensing system. Second, the setup mode is effective with a barrel having any amount of liquid remaining in it. The system does not require the use of a full barrel to achieve desired reference pressure values, so the operator is free to use any barrel of liquid that is available. Third, the ability of the dispensing system to maintain a desired pressure and provide numerous consistent, high quality dispensing cycles permits the use of larger barrels. This provides a significant time and cost advantage for the user. Fourth, the dispensing system achieves the desired pressure control without changing the operator selected dispensing cycle time. Thus, the dispensing system is equally useful in manual and automated dispensing systems.
While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of several embodiments, and while such embodiments have been described in considerable detail, there is no intention to restrict, or in any way limit, the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. For example, in the embodiments herein, the dispensing system 20 is described in association with a manual fluid dispenser 40; however, as will be appreciated, in alternative embodiments, the pressure control system of the fluid dispensing system 20 is equally applicable to automated fluid dispensing systems. Further, in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5, the pressure transducer 56 is mounted remotely from the fluid dispenser 40; however, as will be appreciated, in alternative embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5, the pressure transducer 56 can be mounted on the fluid dispenser 40 as shown in FIG. 1. In addition, in the embodiments described herein, electrically controlled pressure regulators are used, however, as will be appreciated, in alternative embodiments, mechanical pressure regulators may be used
Therefore, the invention in its broadest aspects is not limited to the specific details shown and described. Consequently, departures may be made from the details described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims which follow.

## Claims

1. A method of operating a fluid dispensing system to dispense a liquid, the fluid dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel having a liquid therein and a pressure chamber to act on the liquid, the method comprising:
operating the fluid dispensing system to execute an initial dispensing cycle in response to an operator input;
determining an initial pressure-time relationship correlating a pressure applied within the pressure chamber with sample time intervals while dispensing the liquid during the initial dispensing cycle;
operating the fluid dispensing system to execute a subsequent dispensing cycle in response to a subsequent operator input;
maintaining a subsequent pressure-time relationship correlating a pressure applied within the pressure chamber with sample time intervals while dispensing the liquid during the subsequent dispensing cycle so as to be substantially equal to the initial pressure-time relationship for the initial dispensing cycle; and
maintaining a cycle time for each subsequent dispensing cycle equal to a cycle time for the initial dispensing cycle.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
initiating a setup mode in response to an operator input;
iterating the steps of operating the fluid dispensing system to execute a plurality of initial dispensing cycles and determining an initial pressure-time relationship for each of the initial dispensing cycles while the setup mode is active; and
saving a reference initial pressure-time relationship associated with one of the plurality of initial dispensing cycles in response to another operator input.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
initiating a run mode in response to the operator input which actuated the step of saving the reference initial pressure-time relationship; and
iterating the steps of operating the fluid dispensing system to execute a plurality of subsequent dispensing cycles and maintaining a subsequent pressure-time relationship while the run mode is active.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein when the setup mode is active, the method further comprises:
implementing operating parameters for the fluid dispensing system in response to operator selections, the operating parameters including a positive pressure to apply in the pressure chamber, a negative pressure to apply in the pressure chamber, and a cycle time defined as the total time necessary to complete one of the initial dispensing cycles.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining an initial pressure-time relationship further comprises:
sensing a first fluid pressure within the pressure chamber during a first of a plurality of sample time intervals defined within the cycle time, wherein the cycle time is defined as the total time necessary to complete one of the initial or subsequent dispensing cycles;
storing the first fluid pressure in association with the first sample time interval; and
iterating the steps of sensing and storing for subsequent sample time intervals within the cycle time to provide first fluid pressure values associated with each subsequent sample time interval within the cycle time of the initial dispensing cycle.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of maintaining a subsequent pressure-time relationship further comprises:
sensing a second fluid pressure within the pressure chamber during the first sample time interval;
determining a difference between the second fluid pressure and the first fluid pressure for the first sample time interval;
changing the second fluid pressure within the pressure chamber to reduce the difference; and
iterating the steps of sensing, determining, and changing for subsequent sample time intervals within the cycle time to cause the second fluid pressures to be substantially equal to the first fluid pressures during each subsequent sample time interval in the subsequent dispensing cycle.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the barrel includes a piston located between the pressure chamber and the liquid, and the steps of operating the fluid dispensing system further comprise:
applying a positive fluid pressure to the pressure chamber and the piston to move the piston in the barrel and dispense the liquid during the initial and subsequent dispensing cycles.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the steps of operating the fluid dispensing system further comprise:
applying a negative fluid pressure to the pressure chamber and the piston to stop dispensing the liquid after the initial and subsequent dispensing cycles.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the steps of operating the fluid dispensing system further comprise:
operating a switching valve to selectively apply either the positive fluid pressure or the negative fluid pressure to the pressure chamber,
wherein the positive fluid pressure is only applied to the pressure chamber during one of the initial or subsequent dispensing cycles.

10. A method of operating a fluid dispensing system to dispense a liquid, the dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel having a piston therein, the piston having the liquid on a forward side and a pressure chamber on a rear side, the method comprising:
applying a positive fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston to move the piston in the barrel and dispense the liquid during an initial dispensing cycle;
sensing a first fluid pressure applied to the rear side of the piston during a first of a plurality of sample time intervals defined within a cycle time, wherein the cycle time is defined as the total time necessary to complete the initial dispensing cycle;
storing a representation of the first fluid pressure in association with the first sample time interval;
iterating the steps of sensing the first fluid pressure and storing the representation for subsequent sample time intervals within the cycle time to provide first pressure values associated with each subsequent sample time interval within the cycle time of the initial dispensing cycle;
terminating the application of the positive fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston and the steps of sensing and storing to end the initial dispensing cycle;
thereafter, applying a positive fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston to move the piston in the barrel and dispense the liquid during a subsequent dispensing cycle;
sensing a second fluid pressure applied to the rear side of the piston during the first sample time interval;
determining a difference between the second fluid pressure and the first fluid pressure for the first sample time interval;
changing the positive fluid pressure applied to the rear side of the piston to reduce the difference;
iterating the steps of sensing the second fluid pressure, determining the difference, and changing the positive fluid pressure applied for subsequent sample time intervals within the cycle time to cause the second fluid pressures to be substantially equal to the first fluid pressures during each subsequent sample time interval in the subsequent dispensing cycle;
terminating the application of the positive pressure to the piston and the steps of sensing and changing to terminate the subsequent dispensing cycle; and
maintaining a cycle time for each subsequent dispensing cycle that is equal to the cycle time for the initial dispensing cycle.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the steps of terminating the application of the positive fluid pressure further comprise:
applying a negative fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston to stop dispensing the liquid after the initial and subsequent dispensing cycles.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
operating a switching valve to selectively apply either the positive fluid pressure or the negative fluid pressure to the rear side of the piston,
wherein the positive fluid pressure is only applied to the rear side of the piston during one of the initial or subsequent dispensing cycles.

13. A method of controlling an operation of a fluid dispensing system to dispense a liquid, the dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel having a piston therein, the piston having the liquid on a forward side and a pressure chamber on a rear side, the method comprising:
detecting a start dispensing signal from an operator actuated switch;
automatically executing an initial dispensing cycle comprising:
opening a valve to supply a fluid having positive pressure to the pressure chamber, thereby causing the piston to move in the barrel and dispense the liquid,
repeatedly sampling fluid pressure in the pressure chamber with a pressure transducer,
storing, in response to the sampling, positive pressure values having a relationship to sample time intervals defined within the initial dispensing cycle, and
closing the valve after a cycle time to end the initial dispensing cycle;

detecting a subsequent start dispensing signal from the operator actuated switch;
automatically executing a subsequent dispensing cycle comprising:
opening the valve to supply fluid having a positive pressure to the pressure chamber, thereby causing the piston to move in the barrel and dispense the liquid,
repeatedly sampling fluid pressure in the pressure chamber with a pressure transducer,
storing, in response to the sampling, positive pressure values having a relationship to sample time intervals defined within the subsequent dispensing cycle, and
controlling the positive pressure of the fluid during the subsequent dispensing cycle to cause the positive pressure values during the subsequent dispensing cycle to be substantially equal for each of the sample time intervals to the positive pressure values stored during the initial dispensing cycle, and
closing the valve after a cycle time to end the subsequent dispensing cycle; and

maintaining the cycle time for each subsequent dispensing cycle equal to the cycle time for the initial dispensing cycle.

14. A method of operating a fluid dispensing system to dispense a liquid, the fluid dispensing system having a fluid dispenser supporting a barrel having a liquid therein and a pressure chamber to act on the liquid, the method comprising:
(a) operating the fluid dispensing system to execute an initial dispensing cycle of the liquid in the barrel in response to an operator input;
(b) determining an initial pressure-time relationship correlating a pressure applied within the pressure chamber with sample time intervals while dispensing the liquid during the initial dispensing cycle;
(c) operating the fluid dispensing system to execute a subsequent dispensing cycle of the same liquid in the barrel in response to a subsequent operator input, the subsequent and initial dispensing cycles each occurring before any refilling of the barrel with the liquid; and
(d) maintaining a subsequent pressure-time relationship correlating a pressure applied within the pressure chamber with sample time intervals while dispensing the liquid during the subsequent dispensing cycle so as to be substantially equal to the initial pressure-time relationship for the initial dispensing cycle,
(e) repeating steps (c) and (d) until the liquid is emptied from the barrel, at which time the barrel may be refilled and steps (a) and (b) repeated.