Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 1 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 

SPACE SHUTTLE 

MISSION 

STS-89 

PRESS KIT 

JANUARY 1998 

SHUTTLE / MIR MISSION-08 (S/MM-08) 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 2 

STS-89 INSIGNIA 

STS089-S-001 -- The link between the United States and Russia is symbolically represented on the STS-89 

insignia by the space shuttle Endeavour and Russia's Mir space station orbiting above the Bering Strait 

between Siberia and Alaska. The success of the joint United States-Russian missions is depicted by the 

space shuttle and Mir colored by the rising sun in the background. A shadowed representation of the 

International Space Station (ISS) rising with the sun represents the future program for which the ShuttleMir missions are prototypes. The inside rim of the insignia describes the outline of the number eight 

representing STS-89 as the eighth Shuttle/Mir docking mission. The nine stars represent the nine joint 

missions to be flown of the program and - when combined with the number eight in the rim -- reflect the 

mission number. The nine stars also symbolize the children of the crewmembers who will be the future 

beneficiaries of the joint development work of the space programs of the two countries. Along the rim are 

the crewmembers' names with David A. Wolf's name on the left and Andrew S. W. Thomas' name on the 

right, the returning and upgoing cosmonaut guest researcher crew members. In between and at the 

bottom is the name of Salizan S. Sharipov, payload specialist representing Russian Space Agency (RSA), 

in Cyrillic alphabet. The other crewmembers are Terrence W. Wilcutt, commander; Joe F. Edwards Jr., 

pilot; and mission specialists Michael P. Anderson, Bonnie J. Dunbar, and James F. Reilly. The red, 

white and blue of the rim reflect the colors of the American and Russian flags which are also represented 

in the rim on either side of the joined spacecraft. 

The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other 

official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the 

form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we 

do not anticipate, it will be publicly announced. 

PHOTO CREDIT: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 3 

NASA PAO CONTACTS 

Shuttle Program Contacts 

Debra Rahn/Mike Braukus, 

NASA Headquarters, 

Washington, D.C. 

Space Shuttle Mission Policy Mgmt / International 

Cooperation Policy Mgmt 

202/358-1639 

 

Eileen Hawley / Ed Campion, 

Johnson Space Center, 

Houston, TX 

Mission Operations / Astronauts 281/483-5111 

 

Bruce Buckingham, 

Kennedy Space Center, FL 

Launch Processing / KSC Landing Info. 407/867-2468 

Fred Brown, 

Dryden Flight Research Center, 

Edwards, CA 

DFRC Landing Info 805/258-2663 

 

June Malone, 

Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Huntsville, AL 

External Tank / Solid Rocket Boosters / Shuttle 

Main Engines 

205/544-7061 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 4 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

GENERAL MISSION INFORMATION

General Press Release 5 

Media Services Information 7 

STS-89 Quick Look Facts 9 

Crew Responsibilities 11 

Orbital Events Summary 12 

Development Test Objectives (DTOs) / Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSOs) / Detailed 

Supplementary Objectives (DSOs) / 13 

Payload and Vehicle Weights 14 

Mission Summary Timeline 15 

Shuttle Abort Modes 16 

STS-89 MIR RENDEZVOUS, DOCKING & UNDOCKING 17 

SHUTTLE-MIR SCIENCE PROGRAM 18 

GET AWAY SPECIAL (GAS) PAYLOADS 19 

CLOSED EQUILIBRATED BIOLOGICAL AQUATIC SYSTEM 24 

MICROGRAVITY PLANT NUTRIENT EXPERIMENT 25 

EARTHKAM 26 

MECHANICS OF GRANULAR MATERIALS 27 

ASTROCULTURETM 28 

X-RAY DETECTOR TEST 29 

DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED CRYSTALLIZATION 

 APPARATUS FOR MICROGRAVITY (DCAM) EXPERIMENT 30 

GASEOUS NITROGEN DEWAR 31 

DSO 334: INFLIGHT EVALUATION OF THE 

 TELEMEDICINE INSTRUMENTATON PACK 32 

STS-89 CREW BIOGRAPHIES 34 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 5 

RELEASE: J98-3 

SEVENTH ASTRONAUT TO FLY ON MIR 

HIGHLIGHTS FIRST SHUTTLE MISSION OF 1998 

The continuing cooperative effort in space exploration between the United States and Russia and a joint 

spacewalk will be the focus of NASA's first Shuttle mission of 1998 with the launch of Space Shuttle 

Endeavour on Mission STS-89. 

This is the eighth of nine planned missions to Mir and the fifth one involving an exchange of U.S. 

astronauts. Astronaut Dave Wolf, who has been on Mir since late September 1997, will be replaced by 

Astronaut Andrew Thomas. Thomas will spend approximately 4 _ months on the orbiting Russian facility 

before returning to Earth when Discovery docks to Mir in late May during STS-91. 

The STS-89 crew will be commanded by Terrence W. Wilcutt who will be making his third Shuttle flight. 

The pilot, Joe Frank Edwards Jr., will be making his first flight. There are five mission specialists 

assigned to this flight. James F. Reilly II, serving as Mission Specialist-1, and Mission Specialist-2 

Michael P. Anderson are both making their first flight. Bonnie J. Dunbar is both Mission Specialist-3 and 

the STS-89 Payload Commander and is making her fifth flight. Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov, a Russian 

Cosmonaut, will be Mission Specialist-4 and is making his first flight. Mission Specialist-5 Andrew 

Thomas is making his second space flight. Shortly after docking, Thomas and Wolf will conduct their 

handover with Thomas becoming a member of the Mir 24 crew and Wolf becoming STS-89 Mission 

Specialist-6 through the end of the flight. 

Endeavour is targeted for launch on Jan. 22, 1998 from NASA's Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 

39-A. The current launch time of 9:48 p.m. EST may vary slightly based on calculations of Mir's precise 

location in space at the time of liftoff due to Shuttle rendezvous phasing requirements. The STS-89 

mission is scheduled to last 8 days, 19 hours, 48 minutes. An on- time launch on Jan. 22 and nominal 

mission duration would have Endeavour landing back at Kennedy Space Center on Jan. 31 at 5:36 p.m. 

EST. 

STS-89 will be the first docking of Endeavour with the Mir. All the previous docking missions were with 

Atlantis. This also will be Endeavour's first flight since STS-77 in May 1996, after which the orbiter went 

to Palmdale, CA, for refurbishment and modifications during its first Orbiter Maintenance Down Period. 

An external airlock was installed in the orbiter as part of the modifications it underwent to support 

International Space Station operations. 

Endeavour's rendezvous and docking with the Mir actually begin with the precisely timed launch setting 

the orbiter on a course for rendezvous with the orbiting Russian facility. Over the next two to three days, 

periodic firings of Endeavour's small thruster engines will gradually bring the Shuttle within closer 

proximity to Mir. 

The STS-89 mission is part of the NASA/Mir program which consists of nine Shuttle-Mir dockings and 

seven long-duration flights of U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station. The U.S. astronauts will 

launch and land on a Shuttle and serve as Mir crew members, while the Mir cosmonauts use their 

traditional Soyuz vehicle for launch and landing. This series of missions will expand U.S. research on Mir 

by providing resupply materials for experiments to be performed aboard the station as well as returning 

experiment samples and data to Earth. 

Endeavour will again be carrying the SPACEHAB module in the payload bay of the orbiter. The double 

module configuration will house experiments to be performed by Endeavour's crew along with logistics 

equipment to be transferred to Mir. 

The current Mir 24 mission began when cosmonauts Commander Anatoliy Solovyev and Flight Engineer 

Pavel Vinogradov were launched on Aug. 5, 1997 in a Soyuz vehicle and docked with the Mir two days 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 6 

later. They will return to Earth in mid-February. Dave Wolf began his stay on the orbiting Russian facility 

in late September with the docking of STS-86. Wolf's replacement, Andrew Thomas, will become a 

member of the Mir 25 crew when Commander Talgat Musabayev and Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin 

relieve Solovyev and Vinogradov in mid February. Thomas will return home when Shuttle Discovery 

docks with Mir in late May. 

The STS-89 mission and the work performed by Thomas during his time on the Mir station will include 

investigations in the fields of advanced technology, Earth sciences, fundamental biology, human life 

sciences, International Space Station risk mitigation, microgravity sciences and space sciences. 

STS-89 will be the 12th flight of Endeavour and the 89th mission flown since the start of the Space 

Shuttle program in April 1981. 

(END OF GENERAL RELEASE; BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOLLOWS.) 
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MEDIA SERVICES INFORMATION 

NASA Television Transmission 

NASA Television is available through the GE2 satellite system which is located on Transponder 9C, at 85 

degrees west longitude, frequency 3880.0 MHz, audio 6.8 MHz. 

The schedule for television transmissions from the orbiter and for mission briefings will be available 

during the mission at Kennedy Space Center, FL; Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL; Dryden 

Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA; Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; and NASA Headquarters, 

Washington, DC. The television schedule will be updated to reflect changes dictated by mission 

operations. 

Status Reports 

Status reports on countdown and mission progress, on-orbit activities and landing operations will be 

produced by the appropriate NASA newscenter. 

Briefings 

A mission press briefing schedule will be issued before launch. During the mission, status briefings by a 

flight director or mission operations representative and when appropriate, representatives from the 

payload team, will occur at least once each day. The updated NASA television schedule will indicate 

when mission briefings are planned. 

Internet Information 

Information on STS-89 is available through several sources on the Internet. The primary source for 

mission information is the NASA Shuttle Web, part of the World Wide Web. This site contains 

information on the crew and its mission and will be updated regularly with status reports, photos and 

video clips throughout the flight. The NASA Shuttle Web's address is: 

http://shuttle.nasa.gov 

If that address is busy or unavailable, Shuttle information is available through the Office of Space Flight 

Home Page: 

http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/ 

General information on NASA and its programs is available through the NASA Home Page and the 

NASA Public Affairs Home Page: 

http://www.nasa.gov or http://www.nasa.gov/newsinfo/index.html 

Information on other current NASA activities is available through the Today@NASA page: 

http://www.nasa.gov/today.html. 

The NASA TV schedule is available from the NTV Home Page: 

http://www.nasa.gov/ntv. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 8 

Status reports, TV schedules and other information also are available from the NASA Headquarters FTP 

(File Transfer Protocol) server, ftp.hq.nasa.gov. Log in as anonymous and go to the directory /pub/pao. 

Users should log on with the user name "anonymous" (no quotes), then enter their E-mail address as the 

password. Within the /pub/pao directory there will be a "readme.txt" file explaining the directory 

structure: 

• Pre-launch status reports (KSC): ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/statrpt/ksc 

• Mission status reports(JSC): ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/statrpt/jsc 

• Daily TV schedules: ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/statrpt/jsc/tvsked 

NASA Spacelink, a resource for educators, also provides mission information via the Internet. Spacelink 

may be accessed at the following address: 

http://spacelink.nasa.gov. 

Access by CompuServe 

Users with CompuServe accounts can access NASA press releases by typing "GO NASA" (no quotes) 

and making a selection from the categories offered. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 9 

STS-89 QUICK LOOK 

Launch Date/Site: January 22, 1998/KSC Launch Pad 39-A 

Launch Time: Approximately 9:48 P.M. EST 

Launch Window: Approximately 5 minutes 

Orbiter: Endeavour, (OV-105), 12th flight 

Orbit Altitude: 160 nautical miles, 213 n.m. for rendezvous 

Orbit Inclination: 51.6 degrees 

Mission Duration: Approximately 8 days, 19 hours, 48 minutes 

Landing Date: January 31, 1998 

Landing Time: Approximately 5:36 P.M. EST 

Primary Landing Site: Kennedy Space Center, Florida 

Abort Landing Sites: Return to Launch Site - KSC 

Transoceanic Abort Sites - Zaragoza, Spain 

Ben Guerir, Morocco 

Moron, Spain 

Abort-Once Around - Kennedy Space Center 

Crew: Terrence Wilcutt, Commander (CDR), 3rd flight 

Joe Edwards, Pilot (PLT), 1st flight 

Jim Reilly, Mission Specialist 1 (MS 1), 1st flight 

Mike Anderson, Mission Specialist 2 (MS 2), 1st flight 

Bonnie Dunbar, Payload Commander, (MS 3), 5th flight 

Salizhan Sharipov, Mission Specialist 4, (MS 4), 1st flight 

Andy Thomas, Mission Specialist 5 (up), (MS 5), 2nd flight 

Dave Wolf, Mission Specialist 6 (down), (MS 6), 2nd flight 

EVA Crewmembers: Jim Reilly (EV 1), Mike Anderson (EV 2) 

Cargo Bay Payloads: Spacehab Double Module 

Orbiter Docking System 

In-Cabin Payloads: Microgravity Plant Nutrient Experiment MPNE 

Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust (SIMPLEX) 

Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (CEBAS) 

TeleMedicine Instrumentation Pack (TMIP) 

Global Positioning System Development Test Objective (GPS DTO) 

Human Performance (HP) 

Surface and Air Sampling (MSD-022) 

EarthKAM 

Orbiter Space Vision System(OSVS) 

Shuttle Condensate Collection (RME-1331) 

Thermal Electric Holding Module (TEHM) 

Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (DSO 914) 

Co-Culture Experiments (CoCult) 

Biochemistry of 3-D Tissue Engineering (BIO3D) 
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Spacehab Payloads: Advanced X-Ray Detector (ADV XDT) 

Advanced Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus ( ADV CGBA) 

Enhanced Orbiter Refrigerator/Freezer (EORF) 

Mechanics of Granular Materials (MGM) 

Intra-Vehicular Radiation Environment Measurements by the 

 Real-Time Radiation Monitor (RME-1312) 

Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) 

Volatile Organic Analyzer (VOA) 

Volatile Removal Assembly (VRA) 
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CREW RESPONSIBILITIES 

Payloads Prime Backup 

 

Rendezvous Wilcutt Edwards 

Rendezvous Tools Edwards Dunbar, Anderson 

Spacehab Dunbar Reilly, Anderson 

Logistics Transfers Reilly Dunbar 

EVA Reilly (EV 1) Anderson (EV 2) 

Intravehicular Crewmember Dunbar ------ 

 

Russian Language Dunbar Reilly 

Orbiter Docking System Reilly, Anderson Dunbar, others 

EarthKam Wilcutt Dunbar 

CEBAS Anderson Edwards 

SIMPLEX Wilcutt Anderson 

Earth Observations Reilly Wilcutt 

Ascent Seat on Flight Deck Reilly ------ 

Entry Seat on Flight Deck Dunbar ------ 

SPACEHAB Dunbar Reilly 

TMIP Wilcutt Dunbar 
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STS-89 ORBITAL EVENTS SUMMARY 

(based on a January 22, 1998 Launch) 

(All times shown are approximate) 

Event MET Time of Day (EST) 

 

Launch 0/00:00 9:48 PM, January 22 

 

Mir Docking 1/16:55 2:38 PM, January 24 

 

Crew News Conference 5/16:15 1:58 PM, January 28 

 

Mir Undocking 6/13:37 11:20 AM, January 29 

 

KSC Landing 8/19:48 5:36 PM, January 31 
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DEVELOPMENTAL TEST OBJECTIVES / 

DETAILED SUPPLEMENTARY OBJECTIVES/ 

RISK MITIGATION EXPERIMENTS 

DTO 258 Shuttle Proximity Operations with One Nose X Jet 

DTO 312 External Tank TPS Performance 

DTO 700-11 Orbiter Space Vision System Flight Testing 

DTO 700-12 Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System Testing 

 

DTO 700-14 Single String Global Positioning System 

DTO 805 Crosswind Landing Performance 

DTO 914 Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device 

DTO 1118 Photographic and Video Survey of Mir Space Station 

DSO 331 LES and Sustained Weightlessness on Egress Locomotion 

DSO 334 In-Flight Evaluation of the Telemedicine Instrumentation Pack 

 

DSO 484C Assessment of Sleep Quality and Circadian Rhythms in Astronauts 

DSO 496 Individual Susceptibility To Post-Spaceflight Orthostatic Intolerance 

 

RME 1303 Shuttle/Mir Experiment Kit Transportation 

RME 1307 Optical Properties Monitor (return only) 

RME 1312 Real-time Radiation Monitor Device (RRMD) 

RME 1326 Volatile Removal Assembly (VRA) 

RME 1331 Shuttle Condensate Collection for ISS 
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PAYLOAD AND VEHICLE WEIGHTS 

 Pounds

 

Orbiter (Endeavour) empty and 3 SSMEs 182,62 

Shuttle System at SRB Ignition 4,512,528 

Orbiter Weight at Landing with Cargo 251,612 

Orbiter Docking System 4,016 

Spacehab Double Module 12,917 

CEBAS 79 

MPNE 70 
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MISSION SUMMARY TIMELINE 

Flight Day 1 

Launch/Ascent 

OMS-2 Burn 

Payload Bay Door Opening 

Spacehab Activation 

Rendezvous Maneuver 

Flight Day 2 

Rendezvous Tool Checkout 

Centerline Camera Installation 

Secondary Experiment Activation 

Water Bag Fills for Transfer to Mir 

Flight Day 3 

Rendezvous and Docking 

Hatch Opening/Welcoming Ceremony 

Soyuz Seatliner Transfer and Installation 

Thomas/Wolf Crew Transfer 

Logistics Transfers 

Flight Day 4 

Logistics Transfers 

Thomas/Wolf Handover 

Flight Day 5 

Logistics Transfers 

Thomas/Wolf Handover 

Flight Day 6 

Logistics Transfers 

Thomas/Wolf Handover 

Flight Day 7 

Thomas/Wolf Handover 

Final Logistics Transfers 

Crew News Conference/Farewell Ceremony 

Hatch Closure 

Flight Day 8 

Undocking and Flyaround 

Transfer Item Stowage 

Off-Duty Time 

Flight Day 9 

Flight Control System Checkout 

Reaction Control System Hot-Fire 

Cabin Stowage 

Flight Day 10 

Payload Bay Door Closing 

Deorbit Burn 

KSC Landing 
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SHUTTLE ABORT MODES 

Space Shuttle launch abort philosophy aims toward safe and intact recovery of the flight crew, Orbiter 

and its payload. Abort modes for STS-89 include: 

• Abort-To-Orbit (ATO) -- Partial loss of main engine thrust late enough to permit reaching a 

minimal 105-nautical mile orbit with the orbital maneuvering system engines. 

• Abort-Once-Around (AOA) -- Earlier main engine shutdown with the capability to allow 

one orbit of the Earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Fla. 

• Transoceanic Abort Landing (TAL) -- Loss of one or more main engines midway through 

powered flight would force a landing at either Zaragoza or Moron in Spain or Ben Guerir in 

Morocco. 

• Return-To-Launch-Site (RTLS) -- Early shutdown of one or more engines, and without 

enough energy to reach a TAL site, would result in a pitch around and thrust back toward 

Kennedy until within gliding distance. 
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STS-89 MIR RENDEZVOUS, DOCKING & UNDOCKING 

Endeavour's rendezvous and docking with the Russian Space Station Mir actually begins with the 

precisely timed launch of the shuttle on a course for the Mir, and, over the next two days, periodic small 

engine firings that will gradually bring Endeavour to a point eight nautical miles behind Mir on docking 

day, the starting point for a final approach to the station. 

Mir Rendezvous & Docking-- Flight Day 3 

About two hours before the scheduled docking time on Flight Day Three of the mission, Endeavour will 

reach a point about eight nautical miles behind the Mir Space Station and conduct a Terminal Phase 

Initiation (TI) burn, beginning the final phase of the rendezvous. Endeavour will close the final eight 

nautical miles to Mir during the next orbit. As Endeavour approaches, the shuttle's rendezvous radar 

system will begin tracking Mir and providing range and closing rate information to Endeavour. 

Endeavour's crew also will begin air-to-air communications with the Mir crew using a VHF radio. 

As the Shuttle reaches close proximity to Mir, the Trajectory Control Sensor, a laser ranging device 

mounted in the payload bay, will supplement the shuttle's onboard navigation information by supplying 

additional data on the range and closing rate. As Endeavour closes in on the Mir, the Shuttle will have the 

opportunity for four small successive engine firings to fine-tune its approach using its onboard navigation 

information. Flying a slightly modified rendezvous profile for improved efficiency, Endeavour will aim 

for a point directly below Mir, along the Earth radius vector (R-Bar), an imaginary line drawn between 

the Mir center of gravity and the center of Earth. Approaching along the R-Bar, from directly underneath 

the Mir, allows natural forces to assist in braking Endeavour's approach. During this approach, the crew 

will begin using a hand-held laser ranging device to supplement distance and closing-rate measurements 

made by other Shuttle navigational equipment. 

Endeavour will intercept the R-Bar at a point 600 feet below Mir. Commander Wilcutt will fly the Shuttle 

using the aft flight deck controls as Endeavour begins moving up toward Mir. Because of the approach 

from underneath Mir, Wilcutt will have to perform very few braking firings. However, if such firings are 

required, the shuttle's jets will be used in a mode called "Low-Z," a technique that uses slightly offset jets 

on Endeavour's nose and tail to slow the spacecraft rather than firing jets pointed directly at Mir. This 

technique avoids contamination of the space station and its solar arrays by exhaust from the Shuttle 

steering jets. 

Using the centerline camera fixed in the center of Endeavour' docking mechanism, Wilcutt will center 

Endeavour's docking mechanism with the Docking Module mechanism on Mir, continually refining this 

alignment as he approaches within 300 feet of the station. 

When Endeavour is 170 feet from the station, the Shuttle will briefly stop and stationkeep. At that time, a 

final go or no- go decision to proceed with the docking will be made by flight control teams in both 

Houston and Moscow. 

At a distance of about 30 feet from docking, Wilcutt will again stop Endeavour briefly to adjust the 

docking mechanism alignment, if necessary. 

When Endeavour proceeds with docking, the Shuttle crew will use ship-to-ship communications with Mir 

to inform the Mir crew of the Shuttle's status and to keep them informed of major events, including 

confirmation of contact, capture and the conclusion of damping. Damping, the halt of any relative motion 

between the two spacecraft after docking, is performed by shock absorber-type springs within the docking 

device. Mission Specialist James Reilly will oversee the operation of the Orbiter Docking System from 

onboard Endeavour. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 18 

Undocking and Separation 

Once Endeavour is ready to undock from Mir, the initial separation will be performed by springs that will 

gently push the Shuttle away from the docking module. Both the Mir and Endeavour will be in a mode 

called "free drift" during the undocking, a mode that has the steering jets of each spacecraft shut off to 

avoid any inadvertent firings. 

Once the docking mechanism's springs have pushed Endeavour away to a distance of about two feet from 

Mir, where the docking devices will be clear of one another, Endeavour's steering jets will be turned back 

on and fired in the Low-Z mode to begin slowly moving away from Mir. 

The shuttle will continue to back away through a corridor similar to that used during approach until it 

reaches a distance of approximately 240 feet below the Mir. If propellant margins permit, pilot Joe 

Edwards will then perform a flyaround of the station before a final maneuvering burn is performed and 

Endeavour will depart the vicinity of the station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 19 

SHUTTLE-MIR SCIENCE PROGRAM 

Scientific research has always been a major objective of both the United States and Russian space 

programs. The Phase 1 NASA- Mir science program is a joint research program between Russia and the 

US that was initiated to conduct long-duration space research in the most efficient manner possible, 

utilizing both countries' resources and personnel. Using the Russian space station Mir as a platform for 

jointly developed hardware and science investigations allows US researchers to conduct experiments in 

microgravity for several months at a time. This currently is not possible to do within the US space 

program, since the average Shuttle mission lasts only a few weeks. 

Long-duration space flight presents a unique opportunity for the US, as many human adaptations to 

spaceflight experiments, along with crystal growth, space sciences, and other biological investigations 

cannot be performed within the short time span of a typical Shuttle mission. In return for the use of 

facilities on their space station, the Russian Space Agency has access to nine Shuttle flights that will dock 

to the station. These Shuttle flights allow additional resupply for both station maintenance and science 

experiments, along with transportation of an American crewmember to the Mir. The American is trained 

as a Mir crewmember to perform routine maintenance on the station, in addition to performing joint 

science activities, and will be a permanent resident until his replacement arrives on the next Shuttle. The 

Shuttle provides a unique opportunity for the Russian space program, since large science payloads can 

now be delivered to the Mir, along with providing significant refrigerator and freezer space for samples 

taken to the station or returned to Earth. 

Both partners in this program are being given the opportunity to do things that they could not do 

independently. This international cooperation provides a wealth of knowledge about space flight, and is 

the first of its kind of this magnitude. Not since the days of Apollo-Soyuz has an international 

cooperation between space programs returned so much. These first steps coupling both programs to 

increase their respective yields leads directly to the framework for the International Space Station, the 

first element of which is slated for launch in 1998. 

The American long duration astronauts perform the majority of the experiment operations while on orbit, 

while their Russian counterparts primarily concern themselves with station upkeep and maintenance. All 

are equal contributors to the joint program and have dedicated their time during intensive training in both 

the US and Russia, as well as by staying on board the Mir for several months. 

Dr. Norm Thagard was the American who took the first step in this era of joint space cooperation by 

staying onboard the Mir for 116 days (which set the space duration record for an American). He was also 

the only astronaut to travel to Mir on a Soyuz rocket, with his Mir 18 crewmates. Dr. Thagard was 

followed by Dr. Shannon Lucid, who stayed on the Mir for 188 days, breaking Dr. Thagard's record and 

setting a new record as the longest stay in space for a woman. Colonel John Blaha replaced Shannon 

Lucid in September 1996. Dr. Jerry Linenger replaced John Blaha in January 1997. Dr. C. Michael Foale 

replaced Jerry Linenger in May 1997 and he was replaced by Dr. David Wolf in September 1997. These 

American crewmembers' stays on Mir have demonstrated to the world the commitment of both countries 

to work together for the betterment of human kind through scientific advancement. 

STS-89 marks the eighth of nine planned missions to dock an American Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir 

space station. This mission will deliver Astronaut Andrew Thomas to Mir as the NASA 7 astronaut and 

will return Dr. David Wolf to Earth. Andrew Thomas will stay on board until STS-91, the ninth and final 

US Shuttle mission to the Mir space station, returns him to Earth. In addition to the NASA 7 

crewmember, the Shuttle will transport approximately 6,000 pounds of research equipment and supplies 

to the station. 

During the docked phase of STS-89, astronauts and cosmonauts will transfer from the Mir space station 

to the Shuttle the science samples collected by the Mir 24/NASA 6 crew. After return to Earth, the 

samples will be analyzed by researchers on the ground. The Shuttle crew will also transfer hardware and 

supplies to Mir in support of the health and well being of the Mir 25/NASA 7 crew, station maintenance, 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 20 

and future investigations on the Mir. This research will focus on 27 studies in the areas of advanced 

technology, Earth sciences, human life sciences, microgravity research, and ISS risk mitigation. 

The commercial initiated research from the advanced technology discipline will evaluate new 

technologies and techniques using the Mir space station and the Shuttle as a test bed. Such research in 

reduced gravity will contribute to an enhanced knowledge base for implementation on the International 

Space Station and other space vehicles. 

Earth sciences research in ocean biochemistry, land surface hydrology and meteorology will also be 

performed. Observation and documentation of transient natural and human-induced changes will be 

accomplished with the use of hand-held photography. Earth orbit allows for documentation of 

atmospheric conditions, ecological changes, seasonal changes over long time periods, and unpredictable 

events. 

Human life sciences research consists of investigations that focus on the crewmembers' adaptation to 

weightlessness in terms of skeletal muscle and bone changes, immune response, psychological 

interactions and metabolism. This set of investigations will continue the characterization of the integrated 

human response to a prolonged presence in space. 

The International Space Station risk mitigation discipline consists of several technology demonstrations 

associated with human factors and maintenance of crew health and safety aboard the space station. In 

order to improve the design and operation of the International Space Station, information is gathered to 

fully evaluate the Mir interior and exterior environments. This discipline includes investigations of radio 

interference, particle impact on the station, docked configuration stability, and radiation. 

Microgravity research has the general goal of advancing scientific understanding through research in 

biotechnology, crystal growth and materials science. The ambient acceleration and vibration environment 

of Mir will also be characterized to support future research programs. 

The success of all the past Shuttle/Mir missions is due to the dedication of all the researchers involved in 

these different areas, as well as all the mission support personnel, crew trainers and the crew themselves. 

The Phase 1 program is a difficult and unique program because of its international scope and length of 

mission duration, but it is providing both an excellent scientific return, and a training ground for future 

operations on the International Space Station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 21 

STS-89 GET AWAY SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS 

Four different Get Away Special (GAS) payloads will be onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during the 

STS-89 mission. Students and scientists from the University of Michigan, Germany and China built and 

designed the scientific projects. The Get Away Special Program is managed by engineers at the Goddard 

Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The purpose of the program is to provide an opportunity for 

individuals, organizations and countries to send scientific research and development experiments into 

space aboard a NASA Space Shuttle for a comparatively modest cost. For more information about the Get 

Away Special Program, consult the following Internet address: http://sspp.gsfc.nasa.gov 

G-093 

The G-093 payload was designed and built by the students of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 

Also known as the Vortex Ring Transit Experiment (VORTEX), G-093 will to attempt to answer some 

basic questions about fluid atomization which is the process whereby a liquid is converted into small 

droplets. VORTEX will investigate the propagation of a vortex ring through a liquid-gas interface in 

microgravity. 

The scientific objective of the experiment is to conduct observations of the liquid drop formation process 

in the case of surface-tension-dominated interface dynamics. The data returned should lead to better 

methods for atomizing, the effect of a liquid being turned into a mist, fuel. This process is important in 

the operation of internal combustion engines, as well as producing powders of desired characteristics and 

manufacturing encapsulated microdroplets for drug delivery. 

The main components of the G-093 experiment are a fluid test cell system, a laser-based illumination 

system, a charge coupled device (CCD) digital imaging system, and a computer based acquisition and 

control system. For each experiment, the fluid test cell is partially filled with silicone oil to establish the 

liquid-gas interface. The vortex ring generator, which is located at the bottom of the test cell, consists of a 

piston moving inside the cylinder cavity. For each test, the piston lowers itself in the cylinder at which 

point the cylinder is filled with silicone oil seeded with silver-coated hollow glass microspheres. The 

rapid upward motion of the piston generates the vortex ring to the liquid/gas interface. The laser system is 

used to illuminate a cross section of the fluid cell. The CCD camera captures digital images of the fluid 

motion and the drop formation process which are then stored in the computer. A data acquisition system 

simultaneously records the liquid temperature and the acceleration in the fluid test cell. All data is stored 

on hard disk for analysis after the canister is returned to Earth. 

The principal investigator for G-093 is Sven Bilen from the University of Michigan. Susan Olden from 

Goddard Space Flight Center is the mission manager and Lee Shiflett, also from Goddard, is the technical 

manager. 

G-141 

The German Aerospace Center, Bonn, Germany, in conjunction with the University Giessen, Germany, 

have designed the G-141 experiment or the Structure of Marangoni Convection in Floating Zones 

payload. 

Marangoni convection is a gravity independent natural convection phenomenon. A liquid with a free 

surface will show an inner (bulk) motion if one applies a temperature differential just to the free surface 

of the liquid. This effect is called Marangoni convection. Marangoni convection is relevant for melt 

processing (i.e., crystal growth), because it influences the shape of the growth and the homogeneity. 

In the commercial production technique for high quality silicon crystals (the basic material for electronic 

chips), temperature differences are unavoidable. For this reason, Marangoni convection will influence the 

crystallization process and thereby the quality of the crystals obtained. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 22 

Depending mainly on temperature differences and geometry, the inner motion of the liquid will show 

different flow patterns (ranging from regular to chaotic) in a transparent model system. Microgravity 

conditions are needed to eliminate buoyancy convection (bulk liquid will rise like a hot air balloon) and 

allows the researchers to study Marangoni convection without disturbances. 

D. Schwabe and S. Frank from the University of Giessen are the principal investigators for the G-141 

payload. The mission manager is Susan Olden at Goddard. The technical manager is Charles Knapp also 

from Goddard. 

G-145 

The experiment to be flown as GAS payload G-145 is entitled Glass Fining. G-145 is a collaboration of 

the German Aerospace Center and the Technical University of Claushtal, Federal Republic of Germany. 

The scientific objective of the experiment is to gain further insight into the process of glass fining or the 

removal of all visible gaseous bubbles from a glass melt. Glass fining is one of the most complicated, yet 

one of the most important processes in technical glass melting. 

Refining is the removal of gas bubbles from the glass melt to improve the glass quality, a process that has 

been largely empirical until now. 

A cylindrical sample of a soda-lime-silica melt with an artificial oxygen bubble at its center will be 

heated up to 2,370 degrees Fahrenheit in a furnace and kept at this temperature for about two hours. The 

overall duration of the experiment will be about 3.5 hours, with about one hour to heat the sample up to 

the desired temperature. The cooling period will be observed for about half an hour. At 2,370 degrees 

Fahrenheit, the glass melts and oxygen dissolves in the melt causing a shrinkage of the bubble. The 

process of shrinking will be recorded by taking pictures to achieve high resolution. For continuous 

observation of the shrinking process, a video-camera and a video cassette recorder have been added to the 

existing experimental set-up. The principal investigator is G.H. Frischat of the Technical University of 

Clausthal. The mission manager is Susan Olden of Goddard. Charles Knapp, also of Goddard, is the 

technical manager of G-145. 

G-432 

Get Away Special experiment 432 was built and designed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 

China. This payload consists of five separate experiments. Three out of the five of the experiments 

consist of growing crystals. 

Super Cooling is the first experiment contained within the G- 432 payload. Super Cooling is the 

temperature difference between the melting point and the solidification temperature. By comparison with 

experimental results on Earth, one can investigate the maximum degree of super cooling that can be 

obtained near pure diffusion conditions. 

Experiment two is the Processing of High Critical Test. The Chinese are working on superconductors that 

work at high temperatures. Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity very quickly with little 

loss of heat. Presently, superconductors have to be kept very cold and are expensive. If the experimenters 

can process superconductors that can perform at higher temperatures, computers can be made much 

faster, as well as faster trains that hover off the tracks. 

The Growth of Gallium Antimony experiment was designed to grow and study crystals. The scientists 

hope to grow a more homogeneous crystal in space and on Earth. They will look at the influence of 

microgravity on such growths. 

The Liquid Phase Epitaxy experiment will grow a crystal rod in space and compare it to a crystal rod 

grown on Earth. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 23 

Lastly, the Wettability Test will be performed on different materials such as nickel, iron, etc. The 

wettability test shows how big a bubble forms, whether the liquid beads up, whether it stays together and 

so on. A camera has been set up to take pictures of the test. Testing will be done at several temperatures. 

The principal investigator is Peiwen Ge of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The mission manager is 

Susan Olden at Goddard . Charles Knapp, from Goddard, is the technical manager of this payload. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 24 

CLOSED EQUILIBRATED BIOLOGICAL AQUATIC SYSTEM (CEBAS) 

The Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System is a secondary middeck payload which fits inside a 

standard middeck locker. The payload hardware has been developed by the German Space Agency (DLR 

formerly DARA). 

The CEBAS Minimodule, a habitat for aquatic organisms, enables scientists to conduct various gravityrelated experiments in the areas of zoology, botany and developmental biology, as well as in 

interdisciplinary areas such as scientific research on artificial ecosystems. This research will be carried 

out for the most part on biological objects with various research goals and emphasis. 

CEBAS provides energy and food for animals (fish and snails) as well as plants. The experiment will 

support a mission duration of up to 3 weeks (including launch delays and contingency days). The 

organisms will return alive, which means that no chemical fixation of the samples is foreseen. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 25 

MICROGRAVITY PLANT NUTRIENT EXPERIMENT (MPNE) 

The main goal of the Microgravity Plant Nutrient Experiment is to test a nutrient delivery technology that 

will support plant growth in space. Plants are grown in MPNE to validate the use of a porous tube 

delivery system and not specifically for biological research. MPNE is stowed in a standard Space Shuttle 

middeck locker with an internal layer of 1/2 inch pyrell foam. The MPNE hardware includes a plant 

enclosure, fluid system, light bank, Command and Data Management System (CDMS), power converter, 

batteries, instrumentation, fans and payload container. 

MPNE is launched with a dry nutrient delivery system and wheat seeds packed on germination paper. The 

experiment is activated on flight day four, initiating germination of the seeds. A closed-loop feedback 

control system is used during the experiment to maintain the proper amount of nutrient solution on the 

surface of the porous tubes. MPNE contains enough nutrient solution to maintain healthy plant growth for 

7 continuous days. The plant tissue returns to Earth fresh and undergoes post-flight analysis. During the 

mission, the crew will be available at regular intervals to monitor and control the experiment operation. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 26 

EarthKAM 

As part of the STS-89 Space Shuttle mission, students from 51 middle schools in three nations will have 

the unique opportunity to experience the excitement of the space program and investigate our planet from 

their classrooms. 

An education R&D program called EarthKAM, building on the success of KidSat, will allow these 

students to gain a new perspective on planet Earth by operating a digital camera mounted in the overhead 

window of the Space Shuttle. The students engage in selecting sites around the world to be photographed 

during Shuttle flights, participate in solving real-world problems that arise, and use tools of modern 

science, (computers and the Internet) to study the images and the Earth Science processes that they 

illustrate. EarthKAM fosters a cooperative, team environment that models both space operations and 

scientific research, and promotes student growth, discovery and achievement. 

EarthKAM's primary sponsors are the University of California at San Diego; TERC; Johnson Space 

Center, Houston, TX; Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, 

MD, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Other NASA Center education offices also are 

supporting the EarthKAM program at various schools in their geographic location. 

EarthKAM is supported by the Office of Human Resources and Education, with support from the Offices 

of Mission to Planet Earth and Space Flight. 

Additional information about the EarthKam education program can be found at the following URL: 

http://www.kidsat.ucsd.edu/kidsat/. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 27 

MECHANICS OF GRANULAR MATERIALS 

Mechanics of Granular Materials 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Stein Sture, University of Colorado at Boulder 

Project Scientist and co-investigator: Dr. Nicholas C. Costes, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, 

Ala. 

The Mechanics of Granular Materials experiment is aimed at understanding the behavior of granular 

materials - such as sand or salt - under very low confining pressure. Confining pressure is the force that 

keeps a granular material "sticking together." 

The experiment has applications in a wide range of fields, including earthquake engineering; coastal and 

off-shore engineering; mining; transportation of granular materials; soil erosion; the handling of granular 

materials such as grains and powders; off-road vehicles; geology of the Earth; and planetary geology and 

exploration. Findings from the experiment may lead to improved selection and preparation of building 

sites, better management of undeveloped land, and improved handling of materials in chemical, 

agricultural and other industries. 

There are many examples of encounters with granular pressures in everyday life: Expose a vacuumpacked coffee bag to air, and the contents suddenly change from a brick-like solidity to behaving almost 

like a liquid. On Earth, soil can behave much the same way: An earthquake's shock waves can turn 

compacted, rock- like earth into liquid as microscopic gaps between soil grains expand and contract, 

forcing water or air in and out of the soil. 

On Earth, researchers have been unable to study the true frictional forces between soil grains because 

Earth's gravity triggers the collapse of granular materials when they become unstable. But in studies that 

began on Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-79 mission in September 1996, researchers were able to 

simulate and record key moments - moments that occur in a fraction of a second during an earthquake - 

when soil behaves like liquid as the ground vibrates. 

This investigation continues on the STS-89 mission. Researchers will extend their study of the effects of 

compression forces on three granular material specimens under low confining pressure in the 

microgravity environment of space. Three additional specimens will undergo rapid pumping that 

simulates earthquake-type loading. The experiment is automated, but requires some participation by the 

crew during its activation and deactivation. Crew members also will monitor the samples during 

processing. Scientists on the ground will take measurements of the loads, specimen deformations and 

instabilities. To better understand how soil mechanics is influenced by friction, pressure and load, the 

specimens will undergo further analysis following the mission. 

Samples from the first Mechanics of Granular Materials experiment, on STS-79, have been analyzed by 

researchers at Los Alamos National Labs in New Mexico. X-ray computed tomography scans, or CT 

scans, of the samples - allowing a view inside the specimens - resulted in valuable findings. Samples 

returned from the STS-89 mission will undergo similar study. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 28 

ASTROCULTURE(TM)TM 

ASTROCULTURETM 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Ray Bula, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 

Plants will play an important role in future long-duration space flights, providing crews with oxygen, 

food, pure water and assisting in carbon dioxide removal from space habitats. It is therefore important to 

develop an effective plant growth facility. The ASTROCULTURETM flight unit is an apparatus that 

provides a controlled environment in which to grow plants in near-zero gravity. It was developed by the 

Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics, a Commercial Space Center established jointly by 

NASA and the University of Wisconsin in Madison. The ASTROCULTURETM hardware is based on 

commercially available components -- significantly reducing the development costs. 

The STS-89 Mir-docking mission will transport the ASTROCULTURETM flight unit to orbit. Once the 

Shuttle has docked with Mir, the facility will be transferred to the Russian space station to begin an 80-

day experiment to determine if wheat plants will produce seed in microgravity. 

The ASTROCULTURETM unit has flown on five previous Shuttle flights -- USML-1, USML-2 and the 

SPACEHAB 1, 2 and 3 missions -- to validate the performance of plant growth technologies in the 

unique environment of space. Each of the flight experiments has involved the incremental addition of 

important subsystems required to provide the necessary environmental control for plant growth. During 

these flights, lighting, temperature, humidity, nutrient composition and supply, and carbon dioxide and 

atmospheric contaminant control subsystems were successfully evaluated. The Mir experiment will be the 

first long-term test of ASTROCULTURETM. 

Once the ASTROCULTURETM facility has been transferred to Mir, crew members will activate the unit. 

The fluid delivery systems will be among the subsystems to begin operation. After water is introduced 

into the growth chamber, wheat seeds that were planted prior to take-off will germinate. 

As the wheat plants grow, the crew will monitor the growth chamber's environment and the plants' 

development. On a regular basis, the plants' growth cycle will be recorded on video. 

After 80 days, crew members will deactivate the system by turning off the water supply. The mature 

wheat plants will dry out and be returned to Earth in the enclosed chamber on STS-91, scheduled for 

launch in May 1998. Once back on Earth, the plants grown on Mir will be compared with wheat plants 

grown on Earth. 

The information from the ASTROCULTURETM flight experiments will become the basis for developing 

large scale plant-growing units required in a life support system. But, development of the 

ASTROCULTURETM technology has already begun to pay dividends. High intensity light emitting 

diodes -- developed as plant lighting for the facility may soon be used in cancer treatment, saving lives on 

Earth. A treatment technique called Photodynamic Therapy uses tiny, densely packed light emitting 

diodes to activate light-sensitive, tumor-treating drugs. 

The ASTROCULTURETM program is part of a cooperative experiment with the Secondary Payload 

Program of NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications and the Space Product 

Development Office of the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 29 

X-RAY DETECTOR TEST 

X-ray Detector Test 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Larry DeLucas, Director of the Center for Macromolecular Crystallography, 

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala. 

One sophisticated piece of laboratory equipment being built for the International Space Station is the Xray Crystallography Facility. It will be used to grow and analyze protein crystals in space, activities 

which will benefit from the Space Station's permanent presence in orbit and which may lead to the 

development of new and better drugs on Earth. 

The X-ray detector is one of the essential elements for this facility. It detects X-rays reflected from 

protein crystals and helps to determine their structure, or makeup. The X-ray Detector Test will be 

conducted during STS-89 to measure the sensitivity of the device to background space radiation and 

determine any detrimental effect this radiation may have on the instrument. 

During the STS-89 Shuttle flight to Mir, the crew will take initial measurements and collect preliminary 

data. Once aboard Mir, the space station crew will conduct a long-duration test. The device will be 

retrieved from Mir during the STS-91 mission, scheduled for June 1998. Researchers will compile 

information from the tests for study once the device is retrieved. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 30 

DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED CRYSTALLIZATION APPARATUS 

FOR MICROGRAVITY (DCAM) EXPERIMENT 

Diffusion-Controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (DCAM) 

Experiment Principal Investigator: Dr. Dan Carter, New Century Pharmaceuticals, Huntsville, Ala. 

The Diffusion-Controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (DCAM) experiment which will be 

carried aboard Endeavour is designed to grow protein crystals at slow, controlled rates in the 

microgravity environment of space. Researchers are using this apparatus to try to grow larger and purer 

crystals in the pursuit of therapeutic research to counter the Herpes virus, fundamental virus mapping and 

to develop new drug delivery systems. 

The low gravity environment in space encourages larger crystal growth size, purity and structural 

integrity. In many cases, the analysis of protein crystals grown in space has revealed more about a 

protein's molecular structure than has been possible even after years of effort with crystals grown on 

Earth. 

Crew members will be placing six experiment trays with a total of 162 protein crystal test samples on 

board Mir. These samples will be removed and returned to Earth for analysis on the STS-91 mission at 

the end of May 1998. These samples will be used in basic biological research, pharmacology and drug 

development. Research teams will analyze the returning samples to discover their molecular structure. By 

pinpointing a protein's structure, researchers can design a drug that will fit into the protein's unique shape 

to block its undesirable characteristics. 

Designed to grow protein crystals in a near-weightless environment, each chamber of the crystallization 

apparatus is a little larger than a 35 mm film canister. The canisters use the liquid-to-liquid and dialysis 

methods of protein crystal growth in which a condensing solution mixes or diffuses into a bulk solution. 

Inside the canister, a "button" covered by a semi- permeable membrane holds a small protein sample. 

Once activated, the membrane allows a condensing solution to pass into the protein solution to initiate the 

crystallization process. The membrane passively controls this process over an extended period of time. 

This same type of device has been used to grow promising protein samples on past Space Shuttle 

missions and during previous stays aboard the Russian Mir space station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 31 

GASEOUS NITROGEN DEWAR 

Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar 

Principal Investigator: Dr. Alexander McPherson, University of California-Irvine. 

Frozen protein samples will be transported to the Russian Mir Space Station in a Gaseous Nitrogen 

Dewar on STS-89. 

This investigation is expected to contribute to the understanding of why it is possible for researchers to 

grow larger and more perfectly formed protein crystals in the microgravity environment of space than on 

Earth. 

To accomplish the evaluation of crystal growth techniques, investigators will vary the volume and 

solution concentrations as well as the size of sample tubes for the approximately 200 individual protein 

samples, comprising 19 different protein substances. Post-flight analysis will be used to reveal the best 

growing conditions for particular samples. 

The dewar is a vacuum-jacketed container with an absorbent inner liner saturated with liquid nitrogen. It 

will remain frozen for approximately two weeks, until the liquid nitrogen has completely boiled off. This 

provides ample time to transport and transfer the dewar to the Mir station. After the liquid nitrogen is 

completely discharged, the samples will thaw to ambient temperature and protein crystals will crystallize 

and grow over a four-month period before being returned to Earth. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 32 

DSO 334: INFLIGHT EVALUATION OF THE TELEMEDICINE 

INSTRUMENTATION PACK 

Experiment Overview 

Since the beginning of the U.S. space program, NASA has applied telemedicine techniques to provide 

medical care during space flight. The current telemedicine capabilities, including two-way voice 

communications, one-way video and data downlink, and biomedical and cabin parameter monitoring, 

have been adequate to handle the minor in-flight medical problems which have occurred. However, based 

on current mission planning and risk analyses, it is expected that additional capabilities will need to be 

provided during the more demanding space missions of the future. Long-duration Space Shuttle flights 

and International Space Station (ISS) missions will require the capability for the Flight Surgeons to obtain 

a more in-depth assessment of crew health so that potentially serious medical problems can be handled 

appropriately and expeditiously. Currently, the level of in-flight medical care is limited to the medical 

expertise of the Crew Medical Officer (CMO), who is typically not a physician. Two CMOs, each of 

whom receives only 16 to 18 hours of medical training, are responsible for providing in-flight medical 

care and relaying symptomatic information to the Flight Surgeon. The Telemedicine Instrumentation 

Pack (TMIP) can create a virtual presence by extending the visual and auditory senses of the Flight 

Surgeon. This will enable the Flight Surgeon to more accurately assess an astronaut's health, and make 

recommendations regarding in-flight treatment and medically-related mission impacts. 

On three Flight Days the crewmember participants will perform a simulated medical examination using 

the Telemedicine Instrumentation Pack (TMIP). The instruments included in the TMIP are related to the 

most common medical complaints observed or anticipated during spaceflight. As such, the examination is 

designed to assess the TMIP's ability to resolve the parameters (observations, signs, symptoms) related to 

such conditions. The examination will include video assessment of the eye, ear, nose, mouth, throat, and 

skin using the TMIP imaging subsystem. The electronic stethoscope will be used to auscultate heart, lung, 

and bowel sounds. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, percent oxygen saturation, and pulse rate 

will be measured via the TMIP's biomedical instrumentation. The TMIP will be controlled by a 

crewmember on board. Ground coordination and data transfer will be conducted by a Flight Surgeon and 

Biomedical Engineer using the Telemedicine Workstation in a conference room adjacent to the 

Biomedical Multipurpose Support Room. 

The objectives of DSO 334 are to evaluate: 

• ability of the TMIP to capture medical data aboard the Orbiter, and send these data to 

Mission Control at JSC 

• the quality of these data, from a clinical perspective 

• the usability of the TMIP in the microgravity environment 

• the operational feasibility of using the TMIP for interactive (real-time) air-to-ground 

medical examination 

• the utility of just in time, store and forward medical exams using the TMIP 

Instrumentation Pack 

In support of the manned space program at the Johnson Space Center, a powerful diagnostic system was 

developed, the Telemedicine Instrumentation Pack, or TMIP. The TMIP provides a suite of tools to 

conduct telemedical examinations. This portable system, designed to meet the mass, volume, and power 

constraints of space flight, provides robust capabilities in a package about the size of a small suitcase. 

Although the TMIP was designed for use in space, aboard the Space Shuttle and Space Station, it can be 

used on Earth to improve the quality of, and access to, medical care. The TMIP can be operated by a 

variety of medical personnel to capture and display patient audio, video, and data for telemedicine 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 33 

consultations. Physicians, physician's assistants, or nurses can use the TMIP in a primary care setting to 

consult with medical specialists in major medical centers. Emergency medical personnel can use the 

TMIP at accident scenes or aboard air and ground ambulances to consult with emergency medicine and 

trauma experts. Home health care professionals can use the TMIP for house calls. Military medical 

corpsmen can use the TMIP aboard ship or on the battlefield to consult with military medical experts in 

MASH units, field hospitals, hospital ships, or major military medical centers. Medical teams responding 

to natural or manmade disasters could use the TMIP and a cellular modem or portable satellite uplink 

terminal to rapidly establish a field hospital to consult with secondary or tertiary medical centers. The 

TMIP, originally designed for use in space, has a myriad of applications on Earth. 

The TMIP comprises four subsystems. The imaging subsystem includes a central, remote-head, chargedcouple device (CCD) video camera which attaches via a common interface with all TMIP lens systems, 

including the otoscopic lens system, the ophthalmoscopic lens system, and the 

dermatoscopic/macroscopic lens system. Lighting for the imaging subsystem is provided by a single 

fiberoptic light source. Images and video are displayed on the TMIP full-color flat panel display. A 

standard NTSC video output port allows the TMIP to be connected to an external monitor or 

communication system. 

The audio subsystem includes an electronic stethoscope for remote auscultation of heart, lung, and bowel 

sounds. Audio signal output to an external speaker or communication system is available through 

standard analog audio output ports. 

Electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, and percent oxygen saturation are acquired through the 

TMIP data acquisition and management subsystem. Data storage, forward, and retrieval also is provided 

by this subsystem. 

This computer is central to the TIP's design, acting as the primary user interface. It controls biomedical 

monitors and captures, displays, stores, or forwards biomedical data, using virtual instrument software, 

developed by KRUG. The computer uses video/image overlay and capture cards to display live video on 

the VGA flat panel or capture still images. The embedded computer system enables the TIP to be used for 

either real-time or store- and-forward applications. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 34 

STS-89 CREWMEMBERS 

STS089-S-002 -- These seven astronauts and one cosmonaut represent the flight crew for the STS-89 mission to 

Russia's Mir space station. In the front row from the left, are astronauts Joe F. Edwards, Jr., pilot; Terrence W. 

Wilcutt, commander; and Bonnie J. Dunbar, mission specialist. In the back row are David A. Wolf, currently 

onboard Mir as cosmonaut guest researcher; Salizan S. Sharipov, payload specialist representing the Russian 

Space Agency (RSA); James F. Reilly, mission specialist; Andrew S. W. Thomas, replacing Wolf aboard the Mir 

as cosmonaut guest researcher; and Michael P. Anderson, mission specialist. 

No copyright is asserted for this photograph. If a recognizable person appears in the photo, use for commercial 

purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by 

NASA or by any NASA employee of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that 

might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if this photograph is used in advertising and other commercial 

promotion, layout and copy be submitted to NASA prior to release. 

PHOTO CREDIT: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 35 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

TERRENCE W. WILCUTT (LIEUTENANT COLONEL, USMC), MISSION COMMANDER 

PERSONAL DATA - Born October 31, 1949, in Russellville, Kentucky. Enjoys flying, running, weight lifting, 

woodworking 

EDUCATION - Graduated from Southern High School, Louisville, Kentucky in 1967; received a bachelor of 

arts degree in math from Western Kentucky University in 1974. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Member of Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP). 

SPECIAL HONORS - Recipient of the Defense Superior Service Medal, NASA Space Flight Medals (2), Navy 

Commendation Medal, and Sea Service Deployment Ribbon. Distinguished Graduate of the United States 

Naval Test Pilot School. 

EXPERIENCE - After graduation from college in 1974, Wilcutt taught high school math for two years prior to 

entering the Marine Corps. He was commissioned in 1976 and earned his wings in 1978. Following initial F-4 

Phantom training in VMFAT-101, he reported to VMFA-235, Kaneohe, Hawaii. While assigned to VMFA235, Wilcutt attended the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Topgun) and made two overseas deployments to 

Japan, Korea, and the Philippines. 

In 1983, he was selected for F/A-18 conversion training and served as an F/A-18 Fighter Weapons and Air 

Combat Maneuvering Instructor in VFA-125, Lemoore, California. In 1986, Wilcutt was selected to attend the 

United States Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS),where he earned the title "Distinguished Graduate." 

Following graduation from USNTPS he was assigned as a test pilot/project officer for Strike Aircraft Test 

Directorate (SATD) at the Naval Aircraft Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland. While assigned to SATD, 

Wilcutt flew the F/A-18 Hornet, the A-7 Corsair II, the F-4 Phantom, and various other aircraft to test a wide 

variety of projects and classified programs. He has over 4,400 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft. 

NASA EXPERIENCE - Selected by NASA in January 1990, Wilcutt became an astronaut in July 1991. 

Technical assignments to date include: working on Space Shuttle Main Engine and External Tank issues; 

serving on the astronaut support personnel team at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, supporting Space 

Shuttle launches and landings, and technical issues for the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch. 

A veteran of two space flights, he has logged over 512 hours in space. He served as pilot on STS-68 

(September 30-October 11, 1994) and STS-79 September 16-26, 1996). Wilcutt will command the crew of 

STS-89, the eighth of nine planned missions to dock the Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir space station. STS-89 

is scheduled for a January 1998 launch on Space Shuttle Endeavour. 

STS-68, Space Radar Lab-2 (SRL-2), launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 30, 

1994. As part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth, SRL-2 was the second flight of three advanced radars called 

SIR-C/X-SAR (Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X- Band Synthetic Aperture Radar), and a carbon monoxide 

pollution sensor, MAPS (Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites). SIR- C/X-SAR and MAPS operated 

together in Endeavour's cargo bay to study Earth's surface and atmosphere, creating radar images of Earth's 

surface environment and mapping global production and transport of carbon monoxide pollution. Real-time 

crew observations of environmental conditions, along with over 14,000 photographs, aided the science team in 

interpreting the SRL data. 

The SRL-2 mission was a highly successful test of technology intended for long-term environmental and 

geological monitoring of planet Earth. Following 183 orbits of the Earth, the eleven-day mission ended with 

Space Shuttle Endeavour landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 11, 1994. 

STS-79, fourth in the joint American-Russian Shuttle-Mir series of missions, launched from the Kennedy 

Space Center (KSC), Florida, on September 16, 1996. STS-79 rendezvoused with the Russian Mir space station 

and ferried supplies, personnel, and scientific equipment to this base 240 miles above the Earth. The crew 

transferred over 3.5 tons of supplies to and from the Mir and exchanged U.S. astronauts on Mir for the first 

time - leaving John Blaha and bringing Shannon Lucid home after her record six month stay aboard Mir. 

Following 160 orbits of the Earth, the ten-day mission ended with Space Shuttle Atlantis landing at KSC on 

September 26, 1996. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 36 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

JOE FRANK EDWARDS Jr., (COMMANDER, USN), PILOT 

PERSONAL DATA - Born February 3, 1958, in Richmond, Virginia. Considers Lineville, Alabama, and 

Roanoke, Alabama, to be his hometowns. Married to the former Janet Leigh Ragan of Leonardtown, 

Maryland. He enjoys basketball, running, football and softball. His parents, Joe Frank and Jane 

McMurray Edwards, reside in Roanoke, Alabama. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from Lineville High School, Lineville, Alabama, in 1976. Bachelor of Science 

degree in Aerospace Engineering from the United States Naval Academy, 1980. Master of Science degree 

in Aviation Systems from University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1994. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Association of Naval Aviation, U.S. Naval 

Institute. 

SPECIAL HONORS - Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Navy 

Commendation Medal, Navy Achievement Medal. Daedalian Superior Airmanship Award 1992, Fighter 

Squadron 143 Fighter Pilot of the Year, 1984, 1985, Fighter Squadron 142 Fighter Pilot of the Year, 

1990, 1991, 1992. Carrier Airwing Seven Pilot of the Year, 1985, 1990, 1991. 

EXPERIENCE: Designated a Naval Aviator in February 1982. Assigned to Fighter Squadron 143 in 1983 

after completion of F-14 Tomcat training. Flew fighter escort and reconnaissance combat missions over 

Lebanon in 1983 and graduated from U.S. Navy Fighter Weapons School in 1984. Graduated from U.S. 

Naval Test Pilot School in 1986 and subsequently worked as project flight test officer and pilot for F14A(PLUS) and F-14D Full Scale Development. Flew the first Navy flight of the F-14D and a high angle 

of attack/departure from controlled flight test program for the F-14 airframe/F-110 engine integration. 

Served as Operations and Maintenance Officer in Fighter Squadron 142 1989-1992. Worked as 

Operations Officer in the Operations Directorate of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington D.C. from 

1992-1994. He has flown over 2600 hours in over 25 different aircraft and logged over 650 arrested 

landings. 

NASA EXPERIENCE - Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in December 1994, Edwards 

reported to the Johnson Space Center in March 1995. He has completed a year of training and evaluation 

and is currently qualified for assignment as a shuttle pilot. Since then he has worked technical issues in 

the Safety Department of the Astronaut Office, and served as Technical Assistant to the Director, Flight 

Crew Operations Directorate. Edwards is currently assigned as pilot on STS-89. Scheduled for a January 

1998 launch on Endeavour, STS-89 is the eighth of nine planned missions to dock the Space Shuttle with 

Russia's Mir space station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 37 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

JAMES F. REILLY, II (PH.D.), MISSION SPECIALIST-1 

PERSONAL DATA - Born March 18, 1954, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho. Considers 

Mesquite, Texas, to be his hometown. Married to the former Jo Ann Strange, a native of Dallas, Texas. 

Three children. He enjoys flying, skiing, photography, running, soccer, hunting and fishing. His father, 

James F. Reilly, resides in Rockwall, Texas. His mother, Billie N. Ruether, resides in Tyler, Texas. Her 

parents, Robert and Mildred Strange, reside in Dallas, Texas. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from Lake Highlands High School, Dallas Texas, in 1972. Bachelor of 

science degree in geosciences from University of Texas-Dallas, 1977. Master of science degree in 

geosciences from University of Texas-Dallas, 1987. Doctorate in geosciences from University of TexasDallas, in 1995. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Aircraft Owners 

and Pilots Association, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 

SPECIAL HONORS - Awarded the Antarctic Service Medal, 1978. US Navy ROTC scholarship, 1972. 

EXPERIENCE - After receiving his bachelor of science degree in 1977, Reilly entered graduate school 

and was selected to participate as a research scientist specializing in stable isotope geochronology as part 

of the 1977-1978 scientific expedition to Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. In 1979, he accepted 

employment as an exploration geologist with Santa Fe Minerals Inc., in Dallas, Texas. From 1980 to the 

time he was selected for the astronaut program, Reilly was employed as an oil and gas exploration 

geologist for Enserch Exploration Inc., in Dallas, Texas, rising to the position of Chief Geologist of the 

Offshore Region. He has experience in exploration and operation activities in both international and 

domestic regions, primarily in the deep- water regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Concurrent with his duties 

as an exploration geologist, he was actively involved in the application of new imaging technology for 

industrial applications in deep water engineering projects and biological research. As part of this work, 

Reilly has spent approximately 22 days in deep submergence vehicles operated by Harbor Branch 

Oceanographic Institution and the US Navy. Concurrent with his employment with Enserch, Reilly 

received his master of science degree in geosciences in 1987, and has completed his dissertation on the 

geologic controls on the distribution of chemosynthetic communities in the Gulf of Mexico, receiving his 

doctorate in geosciences in 1995. 

NASA EXPERIENCE - Selected by NASA in December 1994, Reilly reported to the Johnson Space 

Center in March 1995, has completed a year of training and evaluation, and is qualified for flight 

assignment as a mission specialist. He was initially assigned to work technical issues for the Astronaut 

Office Computer Support Branch. Reilly is currently assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS89, scheduled for a January 1998 launch on Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-89 is the eighth of nine 

planned missions to dock the Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir space station. 
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BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

MICHAEL P. ANDERSON (MAJOR, USAF), MISSION SPECIALIST-2 

PERSONAL DATA - Born December 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, New York. Considers Spokane, 

Washington, to be his hometown. Married. Enjoys photography, chess, computers, and tennis. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from Cheney High School in Cheney, Washington, in 1977. Bachelor of 

science degree in physics/astronomy from University of Washington, 1981. Master of science degree in 

physics from Creighton University, 1990. 

SPECIAL HONORS - Distinguished graduate USAF Communication Electronics Officers course. 

Recipient of the Armed Forces Communication Electronics Associations Academic Excellence Award 

1983. Received the USAF Undergraduate Pilot Training Academic Achievement Award for Class 87-08 

Vance AFB. Awarded the USAF Meritorious Service Medal, and the USAF Achievement Medal with 

one oak leaf cluster. 

EXPERIENCE - Anderson graduated form the University of Washington in 1981 and was commissioned 

a second lieutenant. After completing a year of technical training at Keesler AFB, Mississippi, he was 

assigned to Randolph AFB, Texas. At Randolph he served as Chief of Communication Maintenance for 

the 2015 Communication Squadron and later as Director of Information System Maintenance for the 

1920 Information System Group. In 1986 he was selected to attend Undergraduate Pilot Training at 

Vance AFB, Oklahoma. Upon graduation he was assigned to the 2nd Airborne Command and Control 

Squadron, Offutt AFB, Nebraska as a EC 135 pilot, flying the Strategic Air Commands airborne 

command post code named "Looking Glass". From January 1991 to September 1992 he served as an 

aircraft commander and instructor pilot in the 920th Air Refueling Squadron, Wurtsmith AFB, Michigan. 

From September 1992 to February 1995 he was assigned as an instructor pilot and tactics officer in the 

380 Air Refueling Wing, Plattsburgh AFB, New York. Anderson has logged over 3000 hours in various 

models of the KC-135 and the T-38A aircraft. 

NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in December 1994, Anderson reported to the Johnson Space 

Center in March 1995. He completed a year of training and evaluation, and is qualified for flight crew 

assignment as a mission specialist. He was initially assigned technical duties in the Flight Support Branch 

of the Astronaut Office. Anderson is currently assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-89. 

Scheduled for a January 1998 launch on Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-89 is the eighth of nine planned 

missions to dock the Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir space station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 39 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

BONNIE J. DUNBAR (PH.D.), PAYLOAD COMMANDER / MISSION SPECIALIST-3 

PERSONAL DATA - Born March 3, 1949, in Sunnyside, Washington. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from Sunnyside High School, Sunnyside, Washington, in 1967; received bachelor 

of science and master of science degrees in ceramic engineering from the University of Washington in 1971 

and 1975, respectively; and a doctorate in mechanical/biomedical engineering from the University of Houston, 

1983. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Member of the American Ceramic Society (ACS), the National Institute of Ceramic 

Engineers (NICE), Keramos Honorary, the Society of Biomedical Engineering, American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, Tau Beta Pi, Materials Research Society (MRS); Board of Directors, Arnold Air 

Society and Angel Flight, International Academy of Astronautics (IAF), Experimental Aircraft Association 

(EAA), Society of Women Engineers (SWE), Association of Space Explorers (ASE). 

SPECIAL HONORS - NASA Space Flight Medals, 1985, 1990, 1992, and 1995. Member, National Science 

Foundation (NSF) Engineering Advisory Board, 1993 - present. NASA Outstanding Leadership Award, 1993. 

Fellow of American Ceramic Society, 1993. Design News Engineering Achievement Award, 1993. IEEE 

Judith Resnik Award, 1993. Society of Women Engineers Resnik Challenger Medal, 1993. Boeing Corporation 

Pathfinder Award, 1992. AAES National Engineering Award, 1992. NASA Exceptional Service Award, 1991. 

University of Houston Distinguished Engineering Alumna, 1991. M.R.S. President's Award, 1990. ACS 

Schwaltzwalder P.A.C.E. Award, 1990. University of Washington Engineering Alumni Achievement, 1989. 

NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 1988. ACS Life Membership, 1986. General Jimmy Doolittle Fellow of the 

Aerospace Education Foundation, 1986. Evergreen Safety Council Public Service in Space Award, 1986. 

American Ceramic Society (ACS) Greaves-Walker Award, 1985. Rockwell International Engineer of the Year 

in 1978. Graduated Cum Laude from the University of Washington in 1975. 

EXPERIENCE - Following graduation in 1971, Dr. Dunbar worked for Boeing Computer Services for two 

years as a systems analyst. From 1973 to 1975, she conducted research for her master's thesis in the field of 

mechanisms and kinetics of ionic diffusion in sodium beta-alumina. In 1975, she was invited to participate in 

research at Harwell Laboratories in Oxford, England, as a visiting scientist. Her work there involved the 

wetting behavior of liquids on solid substrates. Following her work in England, she accepted a senior research 

engineer position with Rockwell International Space Division in Downey, California. Her responsibilities there 

included developing equipment and processes for the manufacture of the Space Shuttle thermal protection 

system in Palmdale, California. She also represented Rockwell International as a member of the Dr. Kraft 

Ehricke evaluation committee on prospective space industrialization concepts. Dr. Dunbar completed her 

doctorate at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas. Her multi-disciplinary dissertation (materials science 

and physiology) involved evaluating the effects of simulated space flight on bone strength and fracture 

toughness. These results were correlated to alterations in hormonal and metabolic activity. She is currently an 

adjunct assistant professor in mechanical engineering at the University of Houston. 

She is a private pilot with over 200 hours in single engine land aircraft, has logged more than 700 hours flying 

time in T-38 jets as co-pilot, and has over 100 hours as co-pilot in a Cessna Citation Jet. 

NASA EXPERIENCE - Dr. Dunbar accepted a position as a payload officer/flight controller at the Lyndon B. 

Johnson Space Center in 1978. She served as a guidance and navigation officer/flight controller for the Skylab 

reentry mission in 1979 and was subsequently designated project officer/payload officer for the integration of 

several Space Shuttle payloads. 

Dr. Dunbar became a NASA astronaut in August 1981. Her technical assignments have included assisting in 

the verification of Shuttle flight software at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), serving as a 

member of the Flight Crew Equipment Control Board, participation as a member of the Astronaut Office 

Science Support Group, supporting operational development of the remote manipulator system (RMS). She has 

served as chief of the Mission Development Branch, as the Astronaut Office interface for "secondary" 

payloads, and as lead for the Science Support Group. In 1993 Dr. Dunbar served as Deputy Associate 

Administrator, Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. In February 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 40 

1994, she traveled to Star City, Russia, where she spent 13-months training as a back-up crew member for a 3-

month flight on the Russian Space Station, Mir. In March 1995, she was certified by the Russian Gagarin 

Cosmonaut Training Center as qualified to fly on long duration Mir Space Station flights. From October, 1995 

to November, 1996, she was detailed to the NASA JSC Mission Operations Directorate as Assistant Director 

where she was responsible for chairing the International Space Station Training Readiness Reviews, and 

facilitating Russian/American operations and training strategies. She is currently assigned as a mission 

specialist on STS-89, scheduled for a January 1998 launch on Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-89 is the eighth 

of nine planned missions to dock the Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir space station. 

A veteran of four space flights, Dr. Dunbar has logged more than 996 hours (41.5 days) in space. She was a 

mission specialist on STS 61-A in 1985, STS-32 in 1990, was the Payload Commander on STS-50 in 1992, and 

was a mission specialist on STS-71 in 1995. 

STS 61-A, the West German D-1 Spacelab mission, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 

30, 1985. The 61-A mission was the first to carry eight crew members, the largest to fly in space, and was also 

the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States. More than 75 scientific 

experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials science, biology, and navigation. 

During the seven-day mission, Dr. Dunbar was responsible for operating Spacelab and its subsystems and 

performing a variety of experiments. Her mission training included six months of experiment training in 

Germany, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. After completing 111 orbits of the Earth in 168 hours 44 

minutes 51 seconds, Challenger and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 6, 

1985. 

STS-32 launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 9, 1990. During the ten-day mission, 

crew members aboard Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400-

pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the RMS. They also operated a variety of middeck 

experiments including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment (MDE) using the Fluids Experiment 

Apparatus (FEA), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), 

Latitude/Longitude Locator (L3), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE), Characterization of Neurospora 

Circadian Rhythms (CNCR),and the IMAX Camera. Dr. Dunbar was principal investigator for the MDE/FEA 

Experiment. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in- flight lower body negative pressure 

(LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to 

extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the Earth in 261 hours 1 minute 38 seconds, Columbia 

returned with a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 20, 1990. 

Dr. Dunbar flew as Payload Commander on STS-50, the United States Microgravity Lab-1 mission dedicated 

to microgravity fluid physics and materials science. Over 30 experiments sponsored by over 100 investigators 

were housed in the "Spacelab" in the Shuttle's Payload Bay. A payload crew of 4 operated around-the- clock 

for 13 days performing experiments in scientific disciplines such as protein crystal growth, electronic and 

infrared detector crystal growth, surface tension physics, zeolite crystal growth, and human physiology. STS50 launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 25, 1992, and concluded with a landing at the 

Kennedy Space Center on July 9, 1992, following 221 orbits of the Earth in 331 hours 30 minutes 4 seconds. 

On STS-71 Dr. Dunbar served as MS-3 on a seven-member crew launched June 27, 1995, from the Kennedy 

Space Center and as a member of an eight-member crew which returned there on July 7, 1995. This was the 

first Space Shuttle mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir, and involved an exchange of crews. 

The Atlantis Space Shuttle was modified to carry a docking system compatible with the Russian Mir space 

station. It also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed medical evaluations 

on the returning Mir crew. These evaluations included ascertaining the effects of weightlessness on the 

cardio/vascular system, the bone /muscle system, the immune system, and the cardio/pulmonary system. 

Mission duration was 235 hours, 23 minutes
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 41 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

SALIZHAN SHAKIROVICH SHARIPOV, MISSION SPECIALIST-4 

PERSONAL DATA - Born August 24, 1964 in Uzgen, Oshsk region, Kirghizia. Married to Nadezhda 

Mavlyanovna Sharipova. They have one daughter and one son. He enjoys football, likes to read books. 

His father, Mr. Shakirzhan Sharipov, resides in Uzgen, Oshsk region, Kirghizia. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from the Air Force Pilot School in 1987. In 1994, he graduated from Moscow 

State University with a degree in cartography. 

EXPERIENCE - After graduation from the Air Force Pilot School in 1987, he worked as a pilotinstructor and taught 8 cadets. He has logged over 950 hours flying time. He has experience flying on 

MIG-21 and L-39 aircraft. 

Selected by the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) Sharipov became a cosmonaut-candidate in 

1990. In 1992, he completed general space training and became a cosmonaut. As a member of the group 

he has completed a full course of training for Mir space flights as a crew commander. 

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT - Sharipov is assigned to fly on the crew of STS-89, scheduled for a January 

1998 launch on Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-89 is the eighth of nine planned missions to dock the 

Space Shuttle with Russia's Mir space station. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 42 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

ANDREW S. W. THOMAS (PH.D.), MISSION SPECIALIST-5/MIR 24-25 FLIGHT ENGINEER 

PERSONAL DATA - Born December 18, 1951, in Adelaide, South Australia. Single. He enjoys horse 

riding and jumping, mountain biking, running, wind surfing, and classical guitar playing. His father, 

Adrian C. Thomas, resides in Hackham, South Australia. His mother, Mary E. Thomas, resides in North 

Adelaide, South Australia. 

EDUCATION - Received a bachelor of engineering degree in mechanical engineering, with First Class 

Honors, from the University of Adelaide, South Australia, in 1973, and a doctorate in mechanical 

engineering from the University of Adelaide, South Australia, in 1978. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 

EXPERIENCE - Dr. Thomas began his professional career as a research scientist with the Lockheed 

Aeronautical Systems Company, Marietta, Georgia, in 1977. At that time he was responsible for 

experimental investigations into the control of fluid dynamic instabilities and aircraft drag. In 1980, he 

was appointed Principal Aerodynamic Scientist to the company and headed a research team examining 

various problems in advanced aerodynamics and aircraft flight test. 

This was followed in 1983 by an appointment as the head of the Advanced Flight Sciences Department to 

lead a research department of engineers and scientists engaged in experimental and computational studies 

in fluid dynamics, aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. He was also manager of the research laboratory, the 

wind tunnels, and the test facilities used in these studies. In 1987, Dr. Thomas was named manager of 

Lockheed's Flight Sciences Division and directed the technical efforts in vehicle aerodynamics, flight 

controls and propulsion systems that supported the company's fleet of production aircraft. 

In 1989, he moved to Pasadena, California, to join the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and, shortly after, 

was appointed leader of the JPL program for microgravity materials processing in space. This NASAsponsored research included scientific investigations, conducted in the laboratory and in low gravity on 

NASA's KC-135 aircraft, as well as technology studies to support the development of the space flight 

hardware for future Shuttle missions. 

NASA EXPERIENCE - Dr. Thomas was selected by NASA in March 1992 and reported to the Johnson 

Space Center in August 1992. In August 1993, following one year of training, he was appointed a 

member of the astronaut corps and was qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on Space Shuttle 

flight crews. 

While awaiting space flight assignment, he supported shuttle launch and landing operations as an 

Astronaut Support Person (ASP) at the Kennedy Space Center. He also provided technical support to the 

Space Shuttle Main Engine project, the Solid Rocket Motor project and the External Tank project at the 

Marshall Space Flight Center. 

In June 1995 he was named as payload commander for STS-77 and flew his first flight in space on 

Endeavour in May 1996. During this 10-day mission the crew of STS-77 deployed two satellites, tested a 

large inflatable space structure on orbit and conducted a variety of scientific experiments in a Spacehab 

laboratory module carried in Endeavour's payload bay. The flight was launched from the Kennedy Space 

Center on May 19, 1996 and completed 160 orbits 153 nautical miles above the Earth while traveling 4.1 

million miles and logging 240 hours and 39 minutes in space. 

Dr. Thomas recently completed his training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, 

Russia in preparation for a long-duration stay aboard the Russian Space Station. He will launch aboard 

Endeavour as a member of the STS-89 crew in January 1998 to begin a 4-month stay aboard Mir. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 43 

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

DAVID A. WOLF (M.D.) MIR 24 FLIGHT ENGINEER / STS-89 MISSION SPECIALIST-6 

PERSONAL DATA - Born August 23, 1956, in Indianapolis, Indiana. Single. He enjoys sport aerobatic flying, 

scuba diving, handball, running, and water skiing. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Harry Wolf, reside in Indianapolis. 

EDUCATION - Graduated from North Central High School, Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1974; received a 

bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from Purdue University in 1978, and a doctorate of 

medicine from Indiana University in 1982. He completed his medical internship (1983) at Methodist Hospital 

in Indianapolis, Indiana, and USAF flight surgeon primary training at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, 

Texas. 

ORGANIZATIONS - Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; the Aerospace Medical 

Association; the Experimental Aircraft Association; the International Aerobatic Club; and the Air National 

Guard. 

SPECIAL HONORS - Recipient of the NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (1990); NASA 

Inventor of the Year, 1992. Dr. Wolf graduated "with distinction" from the honors curriculum in electrical 

engineering at Purdue University and received an Academic Achievement Award upon graduation from 

medical school. He received the Carl R. Ruddell scholarship award for research in medical ultrasonic signal 

and image processing. He is a member of Eta Kappa Knu and Phi Eta Sigma honorary societies. Dr. Wolf has 

received 11 U.S. patents and over 20 Space Act Awards for 3- dimensional tissue engineering technologies, 

earning the Texas State Bar Patent of the Year in 1994. He has published over 40 technical papers. 

EXPERIENCE - As a research scientist at the Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research from 1980 to 1983, 

he developed digital signal and image processing techniques utilizing matched filter detection of high timebandwidth product transmissions producing "state of the art" high resolution medical ultrasonic images to the 

100 micron level. He also developed new Doppler demodulation techniques extending the range velocity 

product limitation of conventional pulsed Doppler systems. He is a USAF senior flight surgeon in the Air 

National Guard (1982 to present) and is a member of the Board of Directors of the National Inventors Hall of 

Fame. He has logged over 2000 hours of flight time including air combat training as a weapons systems officer 

(F4 Phantom jet), T- 38 Talon, and competition aerobatics (PITTS Special and Christen Eagle). 

NASA EXPERIENCE - In 1983, Dr. Wolf joined the Medical Sciences Division, Johnson Space Center, 

Houston, Texas. He was responsible for development of the American Flight Echocardiograph for investigating 

cardiovascular physiology in microgravity. Upon completion he was assigned as chief engineer for design of 

the Space Station medical facility. In 1986 he was assigned to direct development of the Space Bioreactor and 

associated tissue engineering and cancer research applications utilizing controlled gravitational conditions. This 

resulted in the state of the art NASA rotating tissue culture systems. He has particular expertise in the design of 

real time computer process control systems, communications, bioprocessing, physiology, fluid dynamics, and 

aerospace medicine. Dr. Wolf is an active public speaker. 

Selected as a NASA astronaut in January 1990, Dr. Wolf became qualified for space flight in July 1991. His 

technical assignments have included Orbiter vehicle processing and test at Kennedy Space Center (1991-1992), 

STS-58 mission specialist (1993), and spacecraft communications (CAPCOM) (1994-1995). He is qualified for 

Extravehicular Activity (Spacewalk), Remote Manipulator System (Robot Arm), and Rendezvous. He was the 

CAPCOM for the first and third Shuttle-Mir rendezvous. He trained at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center 

in Star City, Russia, in preparation for a long- duration stay aboard Mir. He has logged over 336 hours in space. 

He was a mission specialist on STS-58 and currently serves as Board Engineer 2 aboard the Russian Space 

Station Mir. 

SPACEFLIGHT EXPERIENCE: STS-58 Columbia (10/16/93-11/1/93) was a 14-day dedicated Spacelab life 

sciences research mission. During this record length shuttle mission the crew conducted neurovestibular, 

cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and musculoskeletal research utilizing microgravity to reveal 

fundamental physiology normally masked by earth gravity. Mission duration was 336 hours, 13 minutes, 01 

seconds. On September 25, 1997, Dr. Wolf launched aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis as part of the STS-86 crew. 

Following docking, September 28, 1997 marked the official start of his expected 4-month stay aboard Space 

Station Mir. 
Edited by Richard W. Orloff, 02/2001/Page 44 

SHUTTLE FLIGHTS AS OF JANUARY 1998 

88 TOTAL FLIGHTS OF THE SHUTTLE SYSTEM -- 63 SINCE RETURN TO FLIGHT 

STS-87 

11/19/97 - 12/05/97 

STS-94 

07/01/97 - 07/17/97 

STS-85 

08/07/97 - 08/19/97 

STS-83 

04/04/97 - 04/08/97 

STS-82 

02/11//97 - 02/21/97 

STS-80 

11/19/96 - 12/07/96 

STS-70 

07/13/95 - 07/22/95 

STS-78 

06/20/96 - 07/07/96 

STS-63 

02/03/95 - 02/11/95 

STS-86 

09/25/97 - 10/06/97 

STS-75 

02/22/96 - 03/09/96 

STS-64 

09/09/94 - 09/20/94 

STS-84 

05/15/97 - 05/24/97 

STS-73 

10/20/95 - 11/05/95 

STS-60 

02/03/94 - 02/11/94 

STS-81 

01/12/97 - 01/22/97 

STS-65 

07/08/94 - 07/23/94 

STS-51 

09/12/93 - 09/22/93 

STS-79 

09/16/96 - 09/26/96 

STS-62 

03/04/94 - 03/18/94 

STS-56 

04/08/83 - 04/17/93 

STS-76 

03/22/96 - 03/31/96 

STS-58 

10/18/93 - 11/01/93 

STS-53 

12/02/92 - 12/09/92 

STS-74 

11/12/95 - 11/20/95 

STS-55 

04/26/93 - 05/06/93 

STS-42 

01/22/92 - 01/30/92 

STS-71 

06/27/95 - 07/07/95 

STS-52 

10/22/92 - 11/01/92 

STS-48 

09/12/91 - 09/18/91 

STS-66 

11/03/94 - 11/14/94 

STS-50 

06/25/92 - 07/09/92 

STS-39 

04/28/91 - 05/06/91 

STS-46 

07/31/92 - 08/08/92 

STS-40 

06/05/91 - 06/14/91 

STS-41 

10/06/90 - 10/10/90 

STS-45 

03/24/92 - 04/02/92 

STS-77 

05/19/96 - 05/29/96 

STS-35 

12/02/90 - 12/10/90 

STS-51L 

01/28/86 

STS-31 

04/24/90 - 04/29/90 

STS-44 

11/24/91 - 12/01/91 

STS-72 

01/11/96 - 11/20/96 

STS-32 

01/09/90 - 01/20/90 

STS-61A 

10/30/85 - 11/06/85 

STS-33 

11/22/89 - 11/27/89 

STS-43 

08/02/91 - 08/11/91 

STS-69 

09/07/95 - 09/18/95 

STS-28 

08/08/89 - 08/13/89 

STS-51F 

07/29/85 - 08/06/85 

STS-29 

03/13/89 - 03/18/89 

STS-37 

04/05/91 - 04/11/91 

STS-67 

03/02/95 - 03/18/95 

STS-61C 

01/12/86 - 01/18/86 

STS-51B 

04/29/85 - 05/06/85 

STS-26 

09/29/88 - 10/03/88 

STS-38 

11/15/90 - 11/20/90 

STS-68 

09/30/94 - 10/11/94 

STS-9 

11/28/83 - 12/08/83 

STS-41G 

10/05/84 - 10/13/84 

STS-51-I 

08/27/85 - 09/03/85 

STS-36 

02/28/90 - 03/04/90 

STS-59 

04/09/94 – 04/20/94 

STS-5 

11/11/82 - 11/16/82 

STS-41C 

04/06/84 - 04/13/84 

STS-51G 

06/17/85 - 06/24/85 

STS-34 

10/18/89 - 10/23/89 

STS-61 

12/02/93 - 12/13/93 

STS-4 

06/27/82 - 07/04/82 

STS-41B 

02/03/84 - 02/11/84 

STS-51D 

04/12/85 - 04/19/85 

STS-30 

05/04/89 - 05/08/89 

STS-57 

06/21/93 - 07/01/93 

STS-3 

03/22/82 - 03/30/82 

STS-8 

08/30/83 - 09/05/83 

STS-51C 

01/24/85 - 01/27/85 

STS-27 

12/02/88 - 12/06/88 

STS-54 

01/13/93 - 01/19/93 

STS-2 

11/12/81 - 11/14/81 

STS-7 

06/18/83 - 06/24/83 

STS-51A 

11/08/84 - 11/16/84 

STS-61B 

11/26/85 - 12/03/85 

STS-47 

09/12/92 - 09/20/92 

STS-1 

04/12/81 - 04/14/81 

STS-6 

04/04/83 - 04/09/83 

STS-41D 

08/30/84 - 09/05/84 

STS-51J 

10/03/85 - 10/07/85 

STS-49 

05/07/92 - 05/16/92 

 

OV-102 

Columbia 

(24 flights) 

OV-099 

Challenger 

(10 flights) 

OV-103 

Discovery 

(23 flights) 

OV-104 

Atlantis 

(20 flights) 

OV-105 

Endeavour 

(11 flights)