* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding

precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and

collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent

with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

June 2, 2010

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

HELEN DEWITT,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner

of Social Security,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 09-3250

(D.C. No. 6:08-CV-01257-JTM)

(D. Kan.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, BALDOCK, and TACHA, Circuit Judges.

Helen DeWitt appeals from the district court’s order affirming the Social

Security Commissioner’s denial of her application for disability insurance

benefits. She argues that the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) who decided her

case (1) inadequately considered her obesity; and (2) improperly weighed the

opinions of treating and examining medical sources. We have jurisdiction under

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42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We reverse and remand on the first

issue, and therefore, we do not reach the second issue.

BACKGROUND

DeWitt alleged that she became disabled in October 2001, at the age of 40,

due to thoracic outlet syndrome, capsulitits of her right shoulder, overuse

syndrome, and bilateral ulnar nerve numbness. According to DeWitt, these

conditions resulted in the loss of her job in the bindery department of a factory

because she could not grab, hold, lift, or reach for objects. When her application

for benefits was denied, she requested a hearing, and expanded her medical

conditions to include obesity. Aplt. App., Vol. 2 at 127. 

An ALJ conducted a hearing and determined that DeWitt was not disabled. 

The Social Security Administration’s Appeals Council vacated the decision,

however, and remanded the case with instructions that the ALJ re-evaluate the

treating and examining source opinions, and take testimony from a vocational

expert.

On remand, DeWitt testified before a different ALJ that she is a

high-school graduate, with some college hours, weighed 280 pounds and is 5'8"

tall. She indicated that her biggest medical problems were numbness in her right

shoulder/arm, bilateral numbness in her fingers, a herniated disc in her upper

neck, and pain in her knees.

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Dr. Malcolm Brahms, a non-examining orthopedist, testified via telephone

that his review of the medical records showed that DeWitt suffers from “problems

with her neck, with her right shoulder, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and an

element of depression.” Id. at 60. Consequently, he believed DeWitt could

perform sedentary work with restrictions on gripping, grasping, reaching,

fingering, pushing, pulling, climbing, and crawling. He further testified that he

disagreed with the opinion of one of DeWitt’s treating physicians, Dr. A. L.

Sharma, who had prepared a residual functional capacity (RFC) assessment that

essentially disqualified DeWitt from all sedentary work. Dr. Brahms also

identified two other RFC assessments, one of which again disqualified DeWitt

from sedentary work. See id. at 61 (Dr. Brahms’ testimony identifying agency

RFC assessments performed by Dr. J. F. Legler and ARNP Cheryl Rajotte). But

Dr. Brahms did not articulate the basis for his disagreements. When crossexamined by DeWitt’s counsel, Dr. Brahms indicated that he also disagreed with

a four-hour sitting limitation imposed by Dr. Joseph Galate, who had examined

DeWitt and treated her as part of her worker’s compensation case. Dr. Brahms

explained, “She doesn’t sit on her hands and her shoulders. So, I see no reason

that sitting should be a problem.” Id. at 63.

A vocational expert (VE) testified that a hypothetical claimant could not

perform DeWitt’s past work if restricted to “sedentary exertional work with no

overhead reaching on the right, no stooping, bending, crawling, no vibration, no

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keyboarding, no repetitive fingering and handling.” Id. at 81. But the VE did

identify sedentary, unskilled jobs in the national economy that the hypothetically

restricted claimant could perform, such as security-systems monitor, telephone

solicitor, and credit authorizer.

After the hearing, the ALJ found that DeWitt suffers from four severe

impairments: status post repair of a partial rotator cuff tear, status post carpal

tunnel surgeries, degenerative disc disease in the neck, and obesity. Nevertheless,

the ALJ concluded that DeWitt was not disabled, as there were other jobs in the

national economy that she could perform with her RFC. In reaching that

conclusion, the ALJ gave “considerable weight” to Dr. Brahms’ testimony about

DeWitt’s limitations. Id. at 25. The ALJ also mistakenly stated that Dr. Brahms

had testified about DeWitt’s obesity. Id. at 21.

DeWitt unsuccessfully sought review from the Appeals Council, and then

petitioned the federal district court for relief. The district court upheld the ALJ’s

determination, prompting the instant appeal.

DISCUSSION

I. Standards of Review

We review the ALJ’s “decision to determine whether the factual findings

are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the correct legal

standards were applied.” Wilson v. Astrue, 602 F.3d 1136, 1140 (10th Cir. 2010). 

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“Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept

as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. (quotation omitted).

The Social Security Administration employs a five-step framework to

determine whether a claimant is disabled and entitled to benefits. Wall v. Astrue,

561 F.3d 1048, 1051 (10th Cir. 2009). At step four, an “ALJ must evaluate a

claimant’s physical and mental [RFC].” Bowman v. Astrue, 511 F.3d 1270, 1272

(10th Cir. 2008) (quotation omitted). RFC represents “the most [that the

claimant] can still do despite [her] limitations,” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1), and

must include “all of [the claimant’s] medically determinable impairments,”

see id. § 404.1545(a)(2).

II. Evaluation of Obesity

DeWitt argues that the ALJ failed to properly assess her RFC in light of her

obesity. We agree. Social Security Ruling (SSR) 02-1p requires an ALJ to

consider the effects of obesity when assessing RFC, including the fact that “the

combined effects of obesity with other impairments can be greater than the effects

of each of the impairments considered separately.” Titles II & XVI: Evaluation

of Obesity, SSR 02-1p, 2000 WL 628049, at *1 (Sept. 12, 2002). Thus, an ALJ

may “not make assumptions about the severity or functional effects of obesity

combined with other impairments,” but rather, must “evaluate each case based on

the information in the case record.” Id. at *6.

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1 Even after the ALJ summarized certain medical records and mentioned

“obesity,” Dr. Brahms recounted DeWitt’s medical conditions without reference

to her obesity. See Aplt. App., Vol. 2 at 59, 60.

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Here, in setting DeWitt’s RFC, the ALJ gave “considerable weight” to

Dr. Brahms’ testimony. Aplt. App., Vol. 2 at 25. But in doing so, the ALJ

mistakenly believed that Dr. Brahms had identified obesity as one of DeWitt’s

medical conditions. In fact, Dr. Brahms offered no opinion about the functional

effects of DeWitt’s obesity, either singularly or in combination with her other

conditions. He simply never mentioned obesity.1

 Further, Dr. Brahms indicated

that he disagreed with the four-hour sitting limitation imposed by Dr. Galate

because “[s]he doesn’t sit on her hands and her shoulders.” Id. at 63. 

Apparently, Dr. Brahms was referring to DeWitt’s carpal-tunnel syndrome and

rotator-cuff tear as her only limitations. But as noted in SSR 02-1p, obesity may

limit exertional functions like sitting, and it could contribute to problems with

hand manipulation, see 2000 WL 628049 at *6, beyond the effects of her carpaltunnel syndrome. Also, Dr. Brahms summarily disagreed with Dr. Sharma’s RFC

assessment, which identified significant exertional limitations on sitting and

standing. And despite identifying two agency RFC determinations that were in

stark disagreement over DeWitt’s exertional capabilities, Dr. Brahms offered no

explanation as to why he agreed with one, but not the other. Given Dr. Brahms’

failure to mention DeWitt’s obesity and his quick dismissal of conflicting medical

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opinions, we fail to see how the ALJ’s reliance on his testimony could satisfy the

duty to consider the effects of DeWitt’s obesity on her other severe impairments.

The Commissioner argues that the ALJ adequately conisidered the

functional impacts of DeWitt’s obesity, given that the ALJ’s decision recognizes

she is obese and ultimately limits her to sedentary work with certain restrictions. 

But there is nothing in the decision indicating how or whether her obesity

influenced the ALJ in setting those restrictions. Rather, it appears that the ALJ’s

RFC assessment was based on “assumptions about the severity or functional

effects of [DeWitt’s] obesity combined with [her] other impairments”—a process

forbidden by SSR 02-1p. See 2000 WL 628049 at *6.

The district court rejected DeWitt’s obesity argument on several grounds. 

First, the district court stated that DeWitt failed to claim obesity as an

impairment. But she clearly raised it when she requested a hearing before an

ALJ, and the ALJ determined that her obesity was a severe impairment. Second,

the district court noted that DeWitt was obese before she filed for disability

benefits, when she was working. But that fact hardly answers the extent to which

her obesity impacted the functional limitations caused by her other recognized

severe impairments, which led the ALJ to conclude that she could no longer

perform her past work. Finally, the district court cited several cases, including

Rutherford v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 546, 553 (3d Cir. 2005), which suggest that an

ALJ’s failure to explicitly consider the functional effects of obesity is harmless

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error if the ALJ adopts the limitations suggested by doctors who were aware of

the claimant’s obesity. The Third Circuit has indicated, however, that Rutherford

does not apply where, as here, the claimant’s “obesity was urged, and

acknowledged by the ALJ, as a severe impairment[.]” Diaz v. Comm’r of Soc.

Sec., 577 F.3d 500, 504 (3d Cir. 2009). Similarly, we have insisted on

compliance with SSR 02-1p where “the ALJ failed to give adequate consideration

to the effect of [the claimant’s] obesity in combination with her other severe

impairments.” Hamby v. Astrue, 260 F. App’x 108, 112 (10th Cir. 2008); see also

Baker v. Barnhart, 84 F. App’x 10, 14 (10th Cir. 2003).

Because the ALJ’s decision fails to indicate adequate consideration of

DeWitt’s obesity in relation to her other impairments and her RFC, we cannot

affirm the denial of benefits. As such, we agree with DeWitt’s assertion that this

case must be remanded to ensure compliance with SSR 02-1p.

CONCLUSION

We REVERSE the judgment of the district court, and we REMAND the

case to the district court with instructions to remand to the Commissioner for

further proceedings in accordance with this order and judgment.

Entered for the Court

Mary Beck Briscoe

Chief Judge

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