KSC

ANNUAL

REPORT

2001

In this mixed media painting by artist

Chet Jezierski, Space Shuttle

Columbia lifts off on mission STS-1,

the first of the Shuttle program.
FY 2001 Annual Report

A technician performs final testing on

Starshine 3 to prepare for the launch

of the Kodiak Star at Kodiak Island,

Alaska.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Table of Contents

Center Director’s Message ......................................................................... 2

Vision and Mission ...................................................................................... 5

Historical Timeline ....................................................................................... 7

Significant Events...................................................................................... 13

Expendable Launch Vehicle Program ....................................................... 17

Payload Carriers Program......................................................................... 21

Space Shuttle Program ............................................................................. 23

Shuttle Upgrages ...................................................................................... 27

International Space Station ....................................................................... 32

Spaceport and Range Technologies ......................................................... 35

Future Vehicles ......................................................................................... 39

Safety and Health...................................................................................... 41

Environmental Stewardship ...................................................................... 45

Partnerships .............................................................................................. 47

Outreach to the World ............................................................................... 53

Education .................................................................................................. 57

Economic Impact....................................................................................... 60

Statement of the Chief Financial Officer ................................................... 64

Financial Statement .................................................................................. 66

1
FY 2001 Annual Report

2

A Message from

the Center Director

dedicated to Space Station assembly. Many

landmark components were launched from

KSC, such as the U.S. Laboratory (Destiny),

the Space Station Remote Manipulator

System (Canadarm 2), and the Joint Airlock

(Quest), which marked the completion of

Phase II of the ISS assembly process and

allowed a permanent resident crew of three. In

addition, three resupply and outfitting missions

were successfully completed utilizing the

MPLM and other Payload Carriers.

Our Expendable Launch Vehicle Program

celebrated the success of seven launches

from a diverse set of launch sites: Vandenberg

Air Force Base in California, Kwajalein Missile

Range in the Pacific Ocean, the new Kodiak

Launch Complex in Alaska, and Cape

Canaveral Air Force Station. KSC also

debuted the new Launch Vehicle Data Center

(LVDC), replacing an older, single control

room with three new control rooms and stateof-the-art equipment.

KSC has worked diligently to seek out and

form partnerships that are vital sources of

support and collaboration for several current

and future endeavors. One such project is the

International Space Research ParkTM (ISRP),

a new partnership with the state of Florida that

will create an environment for research and

technology development. Construction has

begun on the Space Experiment Research

and Processing Laboratory (SERPL), also a

joint venture between KSC and the state of

Florida. This magnet facility of the ISRP will

become a primary gateway to the International

Space Station for science experiments and a

world-class home to ground-based

investigations in fundamental and applied

biological science.

With KSC leading the way in spaceport

and range technology development, the quest

is on to continually develop new technologies

and coordinate these efforts with many state

and federal agencies as well as private

In fiscal year 2001, Kennedy Space

Center joined forces with several new partners

and enjoyed continued achievements in the

arena of space exploration. The year is

highlighted by 14 safe and successful

launches that history will record as milestones

on our quest to understand the universe. This

year also marked the 20th anniversary of

Space Shuttle launches.

KSC again played a pivotal role in the

development of the International Space

Station taking shape high above Earth. More

than 66 tons of Station elements and cargo

were processed here and successfully

launched on seven Shuttle missions, each
FY 2001 Annual Report

3

“outstanding effectiveness in the workplace

and community.” The Federal Council

recognized KSC for Skin Cancer Prevention

with an award for the NASA Solar Safe

Program. This prevention program was

developed at KSC in support of our Principal

Center assignment for Agency Occupational

Health, and was deployed across the Agency.

KSC is seriously committed to the safety and

health of employees, and Solar Safe is a part

of that commitment.

KSC continues to be a focal point for

NASA’s public outreach, attracting millions of

visitors and providing public communications

opportunities through high visibility space

launches and landing activities. KSC

employees personally touch thousands as

they host launch visitors, provide orientation

briefings, volunteer for the Speakers Bureau,

host special events, provide displays and

exhibits at symposiums and conferences, and

judge local science fairs and participate in

Career Days. Formal education programs

reach thousands of students and faculty with

curriculum-related immersive experiences.

One new partnership with Florida’s

Department of Education provides an

overnight educational and shuttle launch

viewing experience for fifth-grade students.

I am proud to be a part of the KSC team

as we forge ahead, working together with our

partners to ensure a future in which the

questions of our universe will be answered by

the discoveries of safe, efficient space

ventures.

Roy D. Bridges, Jr.

industry and academia. NASA and the Air

Force have signed a Memorandum of

Agreement (MOA) detailing the high level

approach to cooperative efforts for advanced

range technology development. This MOA

sets in motion the Advanced Range

Technology Working Group (ARTWG), cochaired by NASA-KSC and Air Force Space

Command, with the goal of forming a national

roadmap developed by all range stakeholders.

This technology development roadmap will be

the formal plan for developing the ranges of

the future. Similarly, NASA-KSC also chairs

the Advanced Spaceport Technology Working

Group (ASTWG), to develop the national

roadmap for technology development for

existing and future spaceports.

KSC led the NASA Civil Service Centers in

FY 2000 and FY 2001 in Space Act Awards for

inventions and other scientific and technical

contributions that have helped to achieve

NASA’s aeronautical and space goals. In FY

2001, KSC distributed $187,300 of awards to

inventors. KSC was also awarded the 2000

NASA Commercial Invention of the Year. The

invention is a new emissions control system

developed for oxidizer scrubbers that could

eliminate the current oxidizer scrubber liquid

waste and lower the nitrous oxide (NOx)

emissions by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The

output is a form of fertilizer, which is beneficial

for KSC’s citrus crops.

Over the past years, KSC has been

preparing the workforce for the changes

associated with KSC’s new strategic direction

by offering the “Seven Habits of Highly

Effective People” training to more than 1,100

civil service employees. KSC’s Change

Leaders Network (CLN) facilitated this training

and, in 2001, KSC was awarded the

prestigious Franklin Covey Team Award for

Synergy and Impact. KSC was among only six

organizations worldwide to receive the award

in that category, which recognizes teams for
FY 2001 Annual Report

4

This image of the central region of our

Milky Way galaxy is a mosaic of several

images taken by the Chandra X-ray

Observatory. It reveals hundreds of white

dwarf stars, neutron stars, and black

holes bathed in an incandescent fog of

multimillion-degree gas.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Within NASA’s framework of space and

development centers, Kennedy Space Center

is the Center of Excellence for Launch and

Payload Processing Systems, Lead Center for

Acquisition and Management of Expendable

Launch Vehicle Launch Services and Lead

Center for Payload Carriers and Support. In

November 2000, the NASA Administrator

amended KSC’s Mission Area and assigned

KSC as “Space Launch Operations” and

“Spaceport and Range Technologies.” Each

step forward to expand KSC’s capabilities is

accomplished in partnership with other NASA

centers to achieve the vision and mission of

the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

NASA Vision

NASA is an investment in America’s

future. As explorers, pioneers and innovators,

we boldly expand frontiers in air and space to

inspire and serve America and to benefit the

quality of life on Earth.

NASA Mission

• To advance and communicate scientific

knowledge and understanding of the Earth,

the solar system, and the universe

• To advance human exploration, use, and

development of space

• To research, develop, verify, and transfer

advanced aeronautics and space

technologies

The strategic goals, vision and guiding

principles developed at KSC mirror the

dedication, excellence and integrity of

investing in America’s future through

continued space exploration.

KSC Strategic Goals

• Assure and advance access to space for

exploration, development, and use

• Provide innovative spaceport and range

technologies for safe space operations and

exploration missions

• Provide and assure safe, world-class

services for operations and development

functions

KSC Guiding Principles

• Safety and Health First

• Build Reliance and Teamwork Everywhere

• Satisfy Our Customers’ Needs Anytime,

Anywhere

• Environmental Leadership

Vision and Mission

5
FY 2001 Annual Report

At dawn on Launch Pad 36A,

an Atlas IIA/Centaur rocket is

fueled for launch of NASA’s

Tracking and Data Relay

Satellite (TDRS-H).
FY 2001 Annual Report

7

KSC: A Historical Timeline

October 1957 – Just six days after NASA was

formally organized from the National Advisory

Committee for Aeronautics, the first American

human space flight program, Project Mercury,

was initiated.

May 1961 – Alan B. Shepard Jr. became the

first American to fly into space during a 15-

minute suborbital Mercury mission.

August 1961 – NASA announced that it

intends to expand the Cape Canaveral

facilities to launch humans to the moon by

acquiring 80,000 acres of land north and west

of the Air Force Missile test center facilities at

the Cape.

February 1962 – John H. Glenn Jr. became

the first American to orbit the Earth on the

Mercury flight Friendship 7.

July 1962 – Dr. Kurt H. Debus was named

Director of the Launch Operations Center,

which later became the John F. Kennedy

Space Center.

July 1963 – Construction of the Vehicle

Assembly Building began, making it at the

time, the largest building in the world with

more than 129,480,000 cubic feet.

November 1963 – President Johnson

renamed both the Launch Operations Center

and the Cape Canaveral Auxiliary Air Force

Station to the John F. Kennedy Space Center

seven days after the president was

assassinated.

August 1965 – Construction of the first stretch

of the crawlerway, between the Vehicle

Assembly Building and Launch Pad 39A, was

completed.

January 1967 – The three-man crew for the

first manned Apollo spaceflight (AS-204) died

in an accidental flash fire at Launch Complex

34 during the first major dress rehearsal. The

crew comprised Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H.

White and Roger B. Chaffee.

November 1967 – One of KSC’s two new

pads at Launch Complex 39, Pad A, was used

for the first time to launch the Saturn V

spacecraft development flight. This was also

the first time that one of the firing rooms in

KSC’s Launch Control Center was used.

July 1969 – A Saturn V rocket safely boosted

Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael

Collins into space on July 16, culminating in

the first landing on the moon on July 20 at

10:56 p.m. EST.
FY 2001 Annual Report

KSC: A Historical Timeline

8

May 1973 – Florida Gov. Reuben Askew

signed a legislative enactment that restored

the name of the geographic cape to Cape

Canaveral from Cape Kennedy, a name it had

held for almost ten years.

May 1973 – Launch of an unmanned Saturn V

rocket completed first Skylab mission.

January 1975 – Lee R. Scherer officially

assumed his duties as the second KSC

Director.

July 1975 – Launch of Apollo-Soyuz Test

Project (ASTP) designed to test rendezvous

and docking system compatibility for American

and Soviet spacecraft and open the way for

future joint human flights. On board the Apollo

spacecraft were astronauts Thomas Stafford,

Vance Brand and Donald “Deke” Slayton. On

board the Soyuz spacecraft were cosmonauts

Alexei Leonov and Valeriy Kubasov.

March 1979 – The first Space Shuttle orbiter,

Columbia, arrived at KSC and spent 610 days

being prepared for launch in one of the twin

bays in the Orbiter Processing Facility.

September 1979 – Richard G. Smith was

named the third KSC Director.

April 1981 – The newly refurbished and

modified Pad A, at Launch Complex 39, was

used for the first launch in the Space Shuttle

program on April 12, the 20th anniversary of

Yuri Gagarin’s first launch into orbit for

humankind. On board Space Shuttle Columbia

were astronauts John Young and Robert

Crippen.

February 1984 – For the first time, following

the completion of STS 41-B, the Space Shuttle

landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF).

January 1986 – Pad B at Launch Complex 39

was used for the first time in the Space Shuttle

program to launch Space Shuttle Challenger

on mission STS 51-L. Approximately 73

seconds after its launch on January 28 at

11:38 a.m. EST, an explosion occurred

causing the loss of the orbiter and its crew.

September 1986 – Lt. Gen. Forrest S.

McCartney was named the fourth KSC

Director.

September 1988 – Space Shuttle flights

resumed after an extensive investigation into

the STS 51-L accident and an assessment of

the Space Shuttle program was conducted.

September 1991 – A third Orbiter Processing

Facility bay was dedicated. The former Orbiter

Modification and Refurbishment Facility, which

had been used for off-line orbiter inspection,

modifications and repair work, was converted

using existing service structures and work

platforms transported to KSC from

Vandenberg Air Force Base.
FY 2001 Annual Report

9

January 1992 – Robert L. Crippen was

named the fifth KSC Director.

June 1994 – The Space Station Processing

Facility (SSPF), which serves as the central

preflight checkout and processing point for

elements of the International Space Station,

was dedicated.

June 1995 – The first piece of hardware to be

processed for flight in the Space Station

Processing Facility arrived at KSC. It was the

Russian Docking Module, which was attached

to the Mir Space Station during STS-74.

January 1995 – Jay F. Honeycutt was named

the sixth KSC Director.

March 1997 – Roy D. Bridges Jr. was named

the seventh KSC Director. A former astronaut

and retired Air Force Major General, he is the

current Center Director, overseeing Space

Shuttle launches as assembly of the

International Space Station progresses.

July 1997 – The Kennedy Space Center

Implementation Plan and Road Map, a bold

plan for KSC’s future through the year 2025,

was unveiled.

June 1998 – The Joint Performance

Management Office (JPMO) is formed to

manage the upcoming Joint Base Operations

and Support Contract (J-BOSC). JPMO is now

called the Cape Canaveral Spaceport

Management Office (CCSMO).

August 1998 – Space Gateway Support

(SGS) is awarded the J-BOSC contract, in

which KSC and the 45th Space Wing combine

resources and requirements to cut expenses,

reinvest savings and consolidate functions.

October 1998 – President Clinton visits KSC

for the launch of Shuttle Discovery on STS-95.

The world watches as U.S. Sen. John Glenn,

one of the original Mercury astronauts, begins

his second voyage into space after 36 years.

October 1998 – Expendable Launch Vehicle

(ELV) Program is consolidated at KSC. KSC

assumes contract management

responsibilities for ELV launch services.

December 1998 – STS-88, the first Space

Shuttle mission dedicated to the assembly of

the ISS was launched from Pad 39A on

December 4 carrying the Unity node.

May 1999 – Shuttle Discovery was launched

from Pad 39B on May 27 on the first docking

mission with the International Space Station.

July 1999 – The first Space Shuttle mission

commanded by a female, astronaut Eileen

Collins, began with the launch of Shuttle

Columbia on STS-93.

December 1999 – Launch of STS-103, the

third Shuttle mission to service the Hubble

Space Telescope.

KSC: A Historical Timeline
FY 2001 Annual Report

January 2000 – KSC hosted the first Florida

Space Summit to discuss the future of space

as it relates to the state of Florida.

May 2000 – Launch of STS-101, the first

servicing mission to the International Space

Station.

May 2000 – KSC 2000 reorganization effort is

set in place, streamlining the Center and

adapting it to modern technology and

customer needs.

May 2000 – KSC, the Air Force 45th Space

Wing Command, and Florida Space Authority

begin planning for the future of the Spaceport

by starting work on a Cape Canaveral

Spaceport Master Plan.

June 2000 – KSC and the Air Force sign an

interagency agreement establishing the Joint

Planning and Customer Service office.

June 2000 – Boeing Delta Launch Services

Inc. and Lockheed Martin Commercial Launch

Services were selected for the NASA Launch

Service contract.

September 2000 – Ribbon cutting for the first

Checkout and Launch Control System at the

Hypergolic Maintenance Facility.

10

KSC: A Historical Timeline
FY 2001 Annual Report

11

Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr.

climbs into spacecraft

Friendship 7 prior to launch.
FY 2001 Annual Report

12

This oil painting by Robert

A. M. Stephens shows the

first launch of the Space

Shuttle Discovery, mission

41-D, on August 30, 1984 at

8:41 a.m. from Kennedy

Space Center.
FY 2001 Annual Report

10/9/00 – Launch of the High-Energy

Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) on a Pegasus

vehicle from Kwajalein Missile Range in the

south Pacific, marking the first time NASA’s

Expendable Launch Vehicle Services at

Kennedy Space Center remotely managed a

launch.

10/11/00 – Launch of STS-92/Discovery

carrying the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1,

part of the backbone of the Space Station, and

the third Pressurized Mating Adapter,

providing a Shuttle docking port. This launch

marked the 100th Shuttle Launch.

10/24/00 – Annual KSC and 45th Space Wing

Business Opportunities Expo at Port

Canaveral.

11/2/00 – Commissioning of the new highpressure helium pipeline to service launch

needs at the new Delta IV launch complex,

Complex 37, at the Cape Canaveral Air Force

Station (CCAFS).

11/14-15/00 – NASA-KSC, the 45th Space

Wing and Florida Space Authority host the 6th

Annual Cape Canaveral Spaceport

Symposium in Port Canaveral.

11/21/00 – Launch of the Earth Observing

(EO1) Satellite, part of the New Millennium

Program, on a Delta rocket from Vandenberg

Air Force Base.

11/30/00 – Launch of STS-97/Endeavour to

deliver the first set of four U.S.-developed

solar arrays to the International Space Station.

13

Significant Events

During Fiscal Year 2001

1/4/01 – Mars Odyssey spacecraft arrives at

KSC from Denver, Co.

2/1/01 – Donatello Multi-Purpose Logistics

Module arrives at KSC from the factory of

Alenia Aerospazio in Turin, Italy.

2/7/01 – Launch of STS-98/Atlantis to attach

the U.S.-built 15-ton Destiny lab to the

International Space Station.

2/8/01 – Groundbreaking for Space

Experiment Research and Processing

Laboratory (SERPL) and connecting roadway.

2/8/01 – Florida Space Research Institute

(FSRI) and NASA-KSC sign a contract to

collaborate on FSRI’s Advanced Learning

Environment (ALE) initiative.

3/1/01 – First meeting of the Advanced Range

Technology Working Group (ARTWG) at

Kennedy Space Center.

3/5/01 – Kennedy team is honored with

NASA’s Commercial Invention of the Year

Award for developing a process to convert

hazardous waste to a useful fertilizer.

3/8/01 – Launch of STS-102/Discovery to

deliver the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics

Module to the International Space Station and

complete NASA’s first crew shift change in

orbit.
FY 2001 Annual Report

14

4/2/01 – KSC takes part in a celebration of

Space Day in Tallahassee. NASA astronauts

answer questions, state legislators speak to

the crew aboard the ISS, and a Space Art

Contest winner received a savings bond.

4/7/01 – Launch of Mars Odyssey spacecraft

from CCAFS aboard a Delta II rocket on a

journey to map the Martian surface.

4/19/01 – Launch of STS-100/Endeavour to

deliver the first of three Canadian-built robotic

components, known as the Space Station

Robotic Manipulator System (SSRMS), to the

International Space Station, along with the

Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module.

4/20/01 – Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP)

arrives at Kennedy Space Center from

Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,

Md.

4/24/01 – KSC senior executives meet with

community leaders at the KSC Visitor

Complex for the annual Community Leaders

Briefing.

5/15/01 – Dedication of the new Launch

Vehicle Data Center at Hangar AE, beginning

a new era in the monitoring of expendable

vehicle data.

5/15/01 – First meeting of the Advanced

Spaceport Technology Working Group

(ASTWG) at Kennedy Space Center.

Significant Events

During Fiscal Year 2001

5/31/01 – Genesis Spacecraft arrives at KSC

from Denver, Colo.

6/30/01 – Launch of a Delta II rocket carrying

the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) on a

mission to reveal the size, matter content, age,

geometry and fate of the universe.

7/12/01 – Launch of STS-104/Atlantis to carry

the Joint Airlock to the International Space

Station, thereby allowing resident Station

crews to carry out spacewalks without the

presence of a Space Shuttle.

7/23/01 – Launch of the Geostationary

Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-M)

aboard an Atlas II rocket, with a Solar X-ray

Imager which can be used in forecasting

space weather and the effects of solar storms.

7/30/01 – Second Florida Space Summit is

attended by elected officials, agency directors

and industry leaders at the University of

Central Florida (UCF) Orlando Campus.

8/8/01 – Launch of a Delta II rocket, sending

the Genesis spacecraft on a journey to collect

several micrograms of solar wind and return

them to Earth for research.

8/10/01 – Launch of STS-105/Discovery to

deliver The Early Ammonia Servicer (EAS)

tank and conduct the second crew exchange

on the International Space Station.

9/29/01 – Launch of an Athena I launch

vehicle, carrying the Kodiak Star spacecraft,

on the first NASA launch from the new Kodiak

Launch Complex in Alaska.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Technicians guide The Gamma

Ray Spectrometer (GRS); into

place to be installed on the Mars

Odyssey Orbiter.
FY 2001 Annual Report

The second stage of the GOES-M

Atlas II rocket is lifted up the

gantry for mating with the first

stage at Launch Complex 36-A,

Cape Canaveral Air Force

Station, in preparation for launch

in July 2001.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Kennedy Space Center leads NASA’s

acquisition and management of expendable

launch vehicle (ELV) launch services. In line

with its vision statement, “Global Leadership in

Launch Service Excellence,” KSC’s role is to

provide, at an affordable price, launch service

excellence, expertise and leadership to ensure

mission success for every customer. For more

than ten years, NASA has purchased ELV

launch services directly from commercial

providers, whenever possible, for its scientific

and applications missions.

NASA’s ELV Program launches satellites

using Delta, Atlas, Taurus, Pegasus and Titan

expendable launch vehicles. This year the ELV

Program also launched a group of satellites on

an Athena vehicle. Seven ELV missions were

launched successfully, placing 13 spacecraft

into orbit during fiscal year 2001.

In October 2000, NASA’s High-Energy

Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) was launched

on a Pegasus XL vehicle from Kwajalein

Missile Range in the South Pacific. This

launch marked the first time that NASA’s ELV

Program managed a rocket launch remotely

with the primary launch team executing their

functions from NASA Hangar AE on CCAFS. It

also demonstrated one of the KSC guiding

principles, which is “to support our customers

anytime, anywhere.”

In November 2000, the first Delta dual

payload mission was launched from VAFB.

This mission combined NASA’s Earth

Observer 1 (EO1) satellite with Argentina’s

Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SACC), using a newly designed and built dual

payload attach fitting. EO1 is part of the New

Millennium Program. Its purpose is to validate

revolutionary communications, power,

Expendable Launch Vehicle

(ELV) Program

propulsion, thermal and data storage

technologies that will reduce costs and

increase capabilities for future land imaging

missions.

NASA’s 2001 Mars Odyssey probe was

launched aboard a Delta in April 2001. The

Odyssey probe will help NASA understand the

potential for life elsewhere in the universe,

understand the relationship to Earth’s climate

change processes, and understand how Mars

evolved and the resources it provides for

future exploration.

KSC also launched three satellites from

CCAFS during the summer quarter. The

Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), part of

Goddard Space Flight Center’s Explorers

Program, was launched aboard a Delta in

June 2001. MAP’s mission is to probe

conditions in the early universe by measuring

the properties of the cosmic microwave

background radiation over the entire sky. In

July, the GOES-M weather satellite launched

aboard an Atlas IIAS. GOES-M will provide

meteorological information on worldwide

weather phenomena in order to facilitate

improved forecasting and prediction for the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA). The GOES-M

spacecraft has search and rescue signal

replay capability.

17
FY 2001 Annual Report

KSC’s ELV Program sent the Jet

Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Genesis

spacecraft sunward aboard a Delta in August

2001. Genesis’ purpose is to collect pieces of

the sun, called solar wind, which will help

NASA determine what the sun is made of and

compare it to samples of the Earth and other

planets.

The Kodiak Star mission was launched

aboard an Athena I launch vehicle in

September from the new Kodiak Launch

Complex in Alaska. The mission marked the

first orbital launch of any kind from this new

launch complex. The ELV Program was

instrumental in bringing this new launch

complex online. The Athena carried the NASAsponsored Starshine 3 and three Department

of Defense satellites into low-Earth orbit.

Starshine 3 is a student-built satellite

consisting of 1,500 hand-polished mirrors, 31

retro-reflectors and seven clusters of solar

cells powering an amateur radio transmitter.

The spherical satellite will help scientists study

orbital decay. The ELV Program not only

provided the launch service, but also acted as

the NASA Mission Manager for the spacecraft.

Helping to usher NASA’s ELV Program

into the 21st century, KSC opened the new

Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC) inside

NASA’s historic Hangar AE on Cape

Canaveral Air Force Station. The LVDC was

officially dedicated in May 2001. The new

facility’s three individual control rooms replace

a single LVDC control room that had been in

use since the mid-1970’s.

The new LVDC, six years in the making,

was developed to support multiple test

operations occurring at the same time in

parallel or a single large launch operation. Up

to 100 launch vehicle engineers can monitor

the voice, data and video systems that support

the checkout and launch of an expendable

launch vehicle and the integrated spacecraft.

The LVDC can also be linked with NASA’s

control rooms at Vandenberg Air Force Base

(VAFB), Calif., which is used for launching

polar-orbiting spacecraft. The first use of the

LVDC was during the launch of the Mars

Odyssey in April 2001.

Expendable Launch Vehicle

(ELV) Program

18
FY 2001 Annual Report

Inside NASA’s new Launch

Vehicle Data Center, engineers

track the launch of the MAP

spacecraft aboard the Delta II

rocket.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Workers keep watch as an

overhead crane lowers the

high pressure gas assembly

into the payload canister for

Mission STS-104.
FY 2001 Annual Report

The Payload Carriers Program

successfully completed another year of

support to Space Shuttle payload developers

and users by providing improved carrier

hardware to meet International Space Station

and science mission requirements. The

program validated newly developed analytical

techniques to improve payload processing and

initiated innovative partnerships with

experiment developers for future missions.

This year, the Payload Carriers Program

embarked on the task of modifying three

existing Multi-Purpose Experiment Support

Structures (MPESS) to more lightweight

carriers. This modification provided improved

cargo carrying capabilities in the payload bay

of the Orbiter vehicles. In addition, the

modification allowed for later manifesting of

International Space Station (ISS) Launch On

Need logistics items. It also provided

secondary science payload capabilities in the

additional space gained from the modification.

The Program initiated the use of Intelligent

Synthesis Environment technology, an

analytical tool that provides three dimensional

modeling and real-time simulation capabilities,

to answer payload processing issues for the

ISS Launch On Need requirements. The

program can simulate many operations in

facilities before the hardware arrives.

In the area of partnerships, the Payload

Carriers Program initiated joint activities with

several experiment developers at the Jet

Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard

Space Flight Center (GSFC). These

partnerships provided carrier hardware and

mission planning support for future flights to

the Station. Proposals are being developed

that define the specific experiments and

necessary support.

Payload Carriers Program

The Payload Carriers Program supported

three Space Shuttle missions to the

International Space Station by providing

carrier hardware to support major

components. On four other Space Shuttle

missions, the Program safely and successfully

processed other payloads including the

Hitchhiker Experiment Advancing Technology

(HEAT) payload consisting of three

experiments including an ejectable satellite;

three Get-Away-Special (GAS) payloads; and

two Space Experiment Module (SEM)

payloads.

In a cooperative effort with Payload

Carrier project offices at Kennedy Space

Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, and

GSFC, analysis and hardware integration

activities supported preparations for flight of

two Hitchhiker and one Lightweight MPESS

Carrier missions. These missions will support

a total of 12 experiments and six GAS

payloads on two Space Shuttle flights in early

2002. The Program is providing the

opportunity to replace up to two GAS payloads

with ISS Launch On Need logistics items as

needed.

The Payload Processing organization

completed outfitting and certification of new

payload canister transporters received at the

end of fiscal year 2000. An old transporter is

now used by the Space Shuttle Program for

use in moving the Solid Rocket Booster

segments to and from Center facilities.

21
FY 2001 Annual Report

16

A KSC midbody technician

works to prepare Columbia’s

payload bay for an upcoming

mission. This photo was

taken from the Orbiter’s

internal airlock, looking aft

into the payload bay.
FY 2001 Annual Report

23

Fiscal year 2001 was an ambitious and

very successful year for the Space Shuttle

Program at KSC. A year of spectacular Space

Shuttle launches carried astronauts and

thousands of pounds of hardware, equipment

and science experiments to the Station.

KSC’s Space Shuttle Program safely and

successfully launched seven Shuttle missions,

using three of NASA’s four Space Shuttles to

carry 37 astronauts and two Expedition crews

to the Station. The crews traveled a total of

34.8 millions miles in space.

Significant events included the launch of

Mission STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle

Mission; the first crew rotation; and delivery of

several vital segments to the Station that

completed Phase 2 of Station assembly.

New and effective programs were

implemented to KSC’s Shuttle processing that

resulted in efficient and cost-effective results.

These include a new facility control and

monitoring system for Ground Systems, the

Kennedy Complex Control System, that was

developed to replace the former launch

processing system. It has reduced system

maintenance cost while increasing system

interface capabilities. Also, two operational

television cameras were installed on the

gaseous oxygen Vent Arm Hood at Launch

Pads 39A and B that have improved visibility

of External Tank Louvers during cryogenic

propellant loading.

KSC Shuttle Processing is partnering on

the Industrial Engineering for Safety Initiative.

The goal is to reduce risk to personnel and

hardware and improve maintenance and

overall efficiency in Space Shuttle processing.

Space Shuttle Program

A new Laser Tracker procedure was

developed for the Mobile Launch Platform hold

down posts and was used on two alignments.

The new technology and its procedure

reduced processing time by 12 hours. Also,

the Optics Lab new re-certification process

increased usable life of the hold-down post

bearings from two flights to at least eight

flights.

During processing of STS-100, workers

removed a Fuel Cell from orbiter vehicle

Endeavour and replaced it using lifting ground

support equipment that was modified to

accommodate a fuel cell lift with the external

airlock installed. In the past, three days were

required to install the airlock strongback (or

reinforcement rods), remove airlock struts and

install a complex rail system. The modified

ground support equipment allowed removal of

the fuel cell without using three days for

airlock preparations.

Integrated Logistics instituted a program to

assess the condition of special test equipment

used to support fabrication or repair of Space

Shuttle orbiter hardware. The results helped to

determine those test items that needed

refurbishment and those that needed to be

replaced. Critical test equipment parts will be

machined and processed through NASA’s

Shuttle Logistics Depot since some of the

original equipment manufacturers are no

longer available.
FY 2001 Annual Report

24

The Shuttle processing team continued to

work to ensure safe prelaunch and postlanding Shuttle hardware and systems

processing in order to ensure the safety of the

crew and the success of the program.

Knowledge and hard work of the processing

team helped to solve several problems while

the Shuttle fleet was on the ground.

One instance occurred during post-landing

processing of orbiter Atlantis after mission

STS-104. Upon return from the landing facility

in California, water intrusion was detected in

the vehicle and tiles. Infrared scanning was

used on 1,008 tiles to pinpoint the wet tiles.

Arrays of high-intensity lights were used to

bake large areas of the Shuttle’s tile surfaces

and a conductivity tool was used to probe

individual tiles and inspect for remaining

moisture. Even with the significant amount of

work, the Atlantis launch schedule was

maintained.

Another accomplishment was the

extensive upgrade of the Orbiter engine

Service Platform/Engine Changeout Platform

Winch System and associated electrical

systems on all three mobile launch platforms

within tight launch manifest schedules.

Space Shuttle Program
FY 2001 Annual Report

19

Near the bottom of the solid

rocket booster, a technician in

the Vehicle Assembly Building

detaches the system tunnel

covering 36 cables inside.
FY 2001 Annual Report

20

Space Shuttle Discovery is

mated to its external tank and

solid rocket boosters inside the

Vehicle Assembly Building for

Mission STS-105.
FY 2001 Annual Report

27

Shuttle Program Upgrades continued to

work towards implementation of projects at

Kennedy Space Center. In partnership with

USA, a “Mixed Fleet Operations Study” was

performed to identify the impact of

incorporating the Shuttle Program Upgrades

into the launch and landing process.

As orbiter vehicles are upgraded in turn, a

mixed fleet period exists. The study provides a

crucial link between KSC facilities, ground

support equipment, vehicle configurations and

the Checkout and Launch Control System to

ensure that KSC can support all Space Shuttle

processing and launches. The study also

recommended options to minimize the mixed

fleet period in order to keep the processing

and launch of vehicles on track.

A computer database was developed that

provides an interactive capability to identify

and track the impacts of orbiter modifications

and upgrades to KSC Ground Operations. The

purpose of this database is to identify the

process and support areas affected in order to

ensure synchronization to support the

implementation plan for Orbiter modifications.

Since the initiation of the Space Shuttle

Program upgrades project, the database was

expanded to include additional impact areas

from an Upgrades Impact Checklist that

includes future upgrades and modifications.

The database allows the Concurrent

Engineering process to be accessed from

KSC and other Centers to obtain KSC Ground

Operations assessments for modifications and

upgrades.

Space Shuttle Upgrades

The Checkout and Launch Control System

Project designed and implemented

replacement facilities (inset, lower left) and

software for the launch control rooms and

designed, tested and brought on-line other

orbiter-processing facilities’ system software.

Major accomplishments for the year

included the completion of the second phase

of installation of system equipment in

Operations Control Room 1 and

implementation of the Titan system software

delivery and testing for the Orbiter Processing

Facilities. The delivery of this new software

represents a significant contribution for the

development and validation testing of the

initial software needed to upgrade these

facilities.

The project also completed testing of

equipment being developed for the Cargo

Integrated Test Equipment in the Space

Station Processing Facility. This hardware will

be used to test payload interfaces prior to their

installation in the Space Shuttle.
FY 2001 Annual Report

28

Also, new Aft Propulsion System

application software was developed and

tested to support the checkout of Space

Shuttle orbital maneuvering systems and

forward reaction control system components in

the Hypergolic Maintenance Facility. This

software will be used to perform operational

testing at the facility using the Checkout and

Launch Control System programs previously

installed.

During the year, Orbiter Columbia

underwent more than 100 improvements for its

Orbiter Maintenance and Modification Period

at Palmdale, Calif. One of the many

improvements was the installation of the

Multifunctional Electronic Display Subsystem,

also known as the “glass cockpit.”

Modifications performed at KSC included

some electrical re-wiring to Orbiter vehicles

Atlantis and Endeavour to increase safety.

Several quick disconnects to the auxiliary

power units of Orbiter vehicles Columbia,

Atlantis and Endeavour were changed out to

allow for commonality throughout Hypergol

systems, improve maintenance and gain

better performance. Also, a delta pressure

measurement device was added to the

External Tank/Orbiter interface umbilical plate

to allow for better visibility during the umbilical

purge setup for launch and to monitor the

umbilical purge pressure data real time during

cryogenic loading.

Space Shuttle Upgrades
FY 2001 Annual Report

Like a sun on a fast rise,

Space Shuttle Atlantis arcs

into the still-black sky over

the Atlantic Ocean,

beginning mission STS-104.
FY 2001 Annual Report
FY 2001 Annual Report

Inside the SSPF, several modules are

prepared for launch. In the foreground

is the U.S. Laboratory, called Destiny;

in the background, from left to right,

are Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules

Donatello, Raffaello and Leonardo.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Kennedy Space Center continued to

support assembly of the International Space

Station during fiscal year 2001.

Of the approximately 140 tons of Space

Station elements and cargo that were

transported to the Station, more than 66 tons

were processed in KSC’s Space Station

Processing Facility.

Fifteen major elements, including payload

hardware, were received, checked out, and

readied for delivery to the International Space

Station by the processing team.

Assembly elements processed at KSC

included the Z1 Truss, the U.S.-made Joint

Airlock (Quest), the U.S. Destiny Laboratory,

three missions of the Multi-Purpose Logistics

Modules, the Space Station Remote

Manipulator System (SSRMS) also called the

Canadarm 2, the Early Ammonia Servicer,

several high pressure gas tanks, and

laboratory racks.

International Space Station

Phase II of Space Station assembly was

completed with the delivery and installation of

the Joint Airlock during mission STS-104 in

July 2001. The Joint Airlock allows U.S. and

Russian astronauts to perform spacewalks

and work in space without the presence of the

Space Shuttle.

Because of the team effort and timely

processing of these crucial components, KSC

contributed to the success of seven Space

Station assembly missions and two successful

crew rotations.

KSC continued the second phase of Multi

Element Integrated Testing (MEIT II) on the

U.S. Truss Elements and the Canadian Mobile

Base System (MBS). MEIT is performed to

assure the operability of the Station hardware

once on orbit. MEIT verifies electrical,

structural and fluid connections between

interfacing Station flight elements. These

series of tests, in place since 1999, have

helped the Station Program find and correct

hundreds of hardware and software problems

during ground processing and significantly

reduced potential for rework on orbit. The

successful operational performance of the

current Phase II Station elements including the

first ISS science payloads Express Rack and

Human Research Facility rack can be

attributed, in part, to MEIT testing performed

at KSC.

32
FY 2001 Annual Report

24 25

Astronaut Robert Curbeam crawls

through the hatch of the Multi-Purpose

Losgistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello in

KSC’s Space Station Processing

Facility.
FY 2001 Annual Report

26

A research chemist performs an

analysis for Tuber Induction Factor

in the Life Sciences area at KSC.
FY 2001 Annual Report

35

Kennedy Space Center’s Mission Area

assignment in spaceport and range

technology development led to formulation of

working groups, program plans, and risk

management plans as well as provided

expertise to spaceport developers around the

nation.

Formal kickoff meetings were held at KSC

for the Advanced Range Technology Working

Group (ARTWG) and Advanced Spaceport

Technology Working Group (ASTWG) to

integrate and coordinate national technology

development activities. These two working

groups, led by KSC, are forums for a focused

effort by NASA, the Air Force, Federal Aviation

Administration, Department of Commerce,

state spaceports, industry and academia.

These two working groups will provide the

forum to coordinate the research and

development of spaceport and range

technologies, leveraging resources and

soliciting input and advice from all

stakeholders. KSC continues to work closely

with NASA Headquarters to establish a unique

funding line to support these spaceport and

range development activities.

In support of its Spaceport Technology

Center vision, KSC established a center-wide

team for integrated Spaceport Technology

Planning and Roadmapping. Based on the

team’s findings, KSC aligned the Small

Business Innovation Research Program

(SBIR), the Small Business Technology

Transfer Program (STTR), Center Director’s

Discretionary Fund (CDDF) and university

funded grants with the Spaceport Technology

thrust areas.

The KSC Process and Human Factors

Engineering Working Group was also

chartered and implemented. The group has

representatives from other NASA centers,

NASA Headquarters, industry and academia.

Spaceport and Range

Technologies

KSC Operations Assessment Models are

now integrated into the NASA-wide Design/

Engineering Environment. The KSC

Assessment Models were used to provide

spaceport inputs to influence secondgeneration program operating cost and

turnaround time.

The Spaceport Engineering and

Technology Directorate helped avoid a

possible orbiter vehicle rollback and launch

delay when a critical hydraulic component

failed during processing of orbiter Atlantis. A

new concept was developed to freeze fluid

into “freeze plugs” in the hydraulic lines and

was tested at the Cryogenics Testbed Facility.

The new cryogenic system was successfully

used on orbiter Atlantis throughout the 30-hour

change out procedure. This allowed

replacement of the failed component without

rolling the vehicle back from the pad, thereby

preventing a launch slip of three weeks or

more.

The Life Sciences research activities over

the past year included crop growth under light

emitting diodes (LEDs) to assess optimal

spectral combinations for growth and yield.

Testing included lettuce, spinach, and radish

as potential crops for future life support

systems and near-term use on the

International Space Station. These studies

were carried out by Dynamac Corp. and

funded by a grant from the Office of Biological

and Physical Research (Code U) through

Advanced Life Support Project through

Johnson Space Center.
FY 2001 Annual Report

36

Additional Life Science activities included

preparations for the Photosynthesis

Experiment and System Testing and Operation

(PESTO) experiment, which will study

photosynthetic rates of wheat plants in space.

The experiment will be the first plant

experiment flown on the ISS by NASA’s

Fundamental Biology Program, and is

scheduled for the STS-110 mission in April of

2002. Preparations also continued for a

related study, Water Offset Nutrient Delivery

Experiment (WONDER), which will compare

different watering techniques for micro-gravity

conditions of space flight. The experiment is

tentatively schedule for 2004, and both studies

are supported by grants from NASA’s Office of

Biological and Physical Research (Code U).

A vastly improved version of the Technical

Document Management System (TechDoc)

was released at KSC and Stennis Space

Center to maintain center-wide

documentation. Over 151,000 technical and

administrative technical documents reside in

the system. TechDoc is a totally web-based,

platform independent system, providing many

security enhancements and other advanced

features. Due to TechDoc, it is now possible to

easily make documents available to the world,

including all NASA Centers, contractors, and

NASA partners not located at Centers.

A Competency Management System

(CMS) was developed to identify and analyze

the corporate knowledge of the organizational

workforce. In order to provide insight and

manage competencies, a web-based

application was developed. CMS is used for

employees to manage their competencies and

experience, for supervisors to define skills

Spaceport and Range

Technologies

needed to perform tasks, and for management

and human resource offices to analyze

workforce capabilities versus mission

requirements.

KSC is leading the way in forming a true

Spaceport Technology Center for NASA and

the international aerospace community. As

these projects and working groups gather

momentum, KSC plays a vital role in the

development of future launch vehicles, as well

as spaceport and range technology.

Technology Spinoffs

Each year technical contributions from

KSC, in the form of spinoffs, have provided

many technologies, originally designed for the

space program, to the American people.

For the second year in a row KSC

received more Space Act Award dollars than

any of the other NASA Centers. Space Act

Awards for KSC NASA Civil Service and

contractor innovators in fiscal year 2001

totaled $187,300.

KSC and contractor employees submitted

123 new invention disclosures. This

represented 10 percent of all the Invention

Disclosures submitted by the ten NASA

centers and NASA Headquarters. KSC

initiated five new license agreements and two

have been finalized representing 7 percent of

all new NASA licenses. KSC received $56,000

in royalties for the fiscal year, representing 6

percent of all NASA royalties for the period.

Seventeen new technologies were

released by KSC to the public through the

Internet. As a result, the total of all available

technologies grew to 112 active and

403 technologies archived. KSC developed

technologies were highlighted in 41 articles

notifying commercial industry of available

technologies. Thirty of these appeared in

NASA’s Tech Briefs magazine and eleven
FY 2001 Annual Report

37

Spaceport and Range

Technologies

were published in NASA Aerospace

Technology Innovation magazine. These

articles resulted in over 400 requests for

further information.

• Thermal Insulation System and Method

The Cryogenics Test Laboratory designed a

cryogenic insulation system and a method

for manufacturing and packaging the

insulation. The spacing scheme between

the insulation layers allows it to provide

higher insulation properties at soft vacuum

conditions than current cryogenic

insulation. The new insulation can be

manufactured in blanket, sheet, or sleeve

form, depending on the application.

• Active Particle Fallout Monitor

The Active Particle Fallout Monitor

measures the size and number of particles,

as small as 5 micrometers in diameter, that

are collected on a witness surface. This

provides multiple cleanliness

measurements that conform to military

standards. The technology has been

patented, licensed and commercialized.

Targeted markets include aerospace,

semiconductors, medicine, and electronics

fabrication.

• Improved Lightning Strike Locator

The Improved Single-Station Accurate

Location of Lightning Strikes technology

was developed at KSC to determine the

ground strike point of lightning in the

immediate vicinity of the Space Shuttle

launch pads. This technology allows for

determining the location (within a meter) of

a strike within the perimeter of the

observation area. The prototype system

consists of a network of one electric field

sensor and four sonic sensors separated

from each other by about 1 or 2 meters,

and one sensor located above the center

within the perimeter of the observation

area.

• Photographic Images Scaling Device

This is a tool that can be attached directly

to charge-coupled device or film cameras

and through use of four laser beams,

projects a known pattern into the field of

view. When a photograph is taken, the

image of this pattern appears, along with

the image of the object under investigation,

allowing the viewer quantifiable information

as to the size of the object. The device is

small, powered with a 3-volt battery, and

can be easily turned off and on, allowing

the photographer to provide scaling

information within a picture as needed.

• Signaling Enhancing Subsystem

The Signaling Enhancing Wireless

Communications Headset Subsystem

technology was developed to provide

NASA with wireless push-to-talk signaling

for use in its launch operations. This

universal interface adapter is a wireless

subsystem that provides push-to-talk

signals to a communications system as if

the user were directly wired to the system.

The technology permits multiple wireless

users to operate independently in the same

environment without interference. The

technology can be used with any off-theshelf wireless headset and communications

system without modification, or it can be

directly integrated into headsets to perform

various functions.
FY 2001 Annual Report

32

The Smart Umbilical System, developed

with an automated mate, demate and

remate capability, will serve as a testbed

for quick disconnect development as well

as advance control and leak detection

technologies.
FY 2001 Annual Report

39

With the continued momentum and

successes of the Space Launch Initiative

(SLI), Kennedy Space Center holds a critical

position in this program as a supplier to and

manager for the Marshall Space Flight Centermanaged development program. SLI is the

program to develop technologies necessary to

build a second-generation Reusable Launch

Vehicle (RLV). There are 11 Technology Areas

in SLI. KSC is involved in most as developer

or consultant. Additionally, KSC manages

Technology Area 4, Ground Operations, for

MSFC.

The Space Shuttle is America’s first

generation RLV, and NASA has established a

goal that the next generation RLV should be

ten times cheaper to operate, and 100 times

safer. KSC is providing the project leadership

for ground operations technology development

work, as well as providing team members for

the flight vehicle development teams.

The KSC team has established key

partnerships and contracts with all the major

aerospace companies that are developing new

architectures and technologies for the secondgeneration RLV. Through these partnerships

and contracts, KSC is working in the areas of

densified, or super-cooled cryogenic fuels,

advanced checkout and control systems,

integrated vehicle health management

systems development, as well as sharing our

world-class knowledge of vehicle and payload

processing.

Future Vehicles

In-house KSC tasks, worked primarily by

KSC civil servants, progress well in the area of

future umbilical development, as well as

space-based range safety systems.

Automated launch vehicle umbilicals for

launch pad cryogenic propellant loading are

being developed to enhance ground

operations turnaround times, reduce cost and

increase reliability.

Also, in support of the new Delta IV

expendable launch vehicle, new and unique

design features have been incorporated into a

cost-effective environmental control system

ground-disconnect umbilical that provides a

reliable connection and release mechanism

that can be adapted for different payload sizes

and mission profiles during heavy-lift launch

vehicle launches. This work was done under a

reimbursable Space Act agreement between

NASA KSC and the Boeing Company.
FY 2001 Annual Report

34

During Super Safety and Health

Day, workers from Florida Power

and Light demonstrate how to

safely handle power lines.
FY 2001 Annual Report

41

Kennedy Space Center spent fiscal year

2001 operating under a new organization,

accomplishing many milestones and

embarking on several initiatives to support

safety and health first—the Center’s top

priority.

For the first time during recent history,

KSC completed the fiscal year (2001) with a

record low of three lost time injuries. This

resulted in an injury rate for the year of 0.19,

which is below the agency expectation of 0.20.

KSC continued to integrate safety and

health planning into all phases of operations.

Safety and health remain the Center’s core

value, and personnel at all levels are

evaluated on their performance regarding

safety and health.

The OSHA Voluntary Protection Program

(VPP) criteria are used as the benchmark for

safety and health program improvement at

KSC. The Center plans to apply for the VPP

Star Program in December 2002. In support of

that goal, KSC embarked on a major safety

and health program upgrade initiative that

parallels the OSHA VPP elements. Significant

improvements are underway in the areas of

line management accountability for safety and

health, training programs, job hazard analysis

and employee involvement.

KSC actively pursued health and wellness

for the KSC population by chartering the

Health Education and Wellness (HEW)

Council. HEW coordinates center-wide health

education and activities to help KSC meet the

U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services Healthy People 2010 objectives. As a

result of the Center’s efforts, more than 17,000

Safety and Health

members of KSC’s workforce interacted with

HEW. In the KSC Cardiovascular Disease

Risk Factor Reduction Program, more than 75

percent of individuals identified as high risk

participated in counseling sessions, exceeding

KSC’s goal of 60 percent.

New processes for employee involvement

and hazard reporting were implemented at the

Center. One of these new developments

includes the creation of a Safety Ombudsman

position. The Safety Ombudsman serves as a

“safety valve or reporting conduit” in the event

that an employee, for any reason, is

uncomfortable with the traditional chain of

command for safety reporting processes.

As the Principal Center for Occupational

Health, KSC was instrumental in the

continuance and modifications to a NASA

Federal Acquisition Supplement, which

provides emergency medical evacuation for

NASA personnel on travel to medically

underserved areas. This process ensures a

greater degree of health protection for those

who serve NASA in remote areas of the world.

The mechanism allows those who could not

get treated for potentially life threatening injury

or illness in a remote area to be medically

evacuated in the most expeditious manner by

aircraft to a location where more definitive

medical treatment is available.
FY 2001 Annual Report

42

The first Agency-wide gathering of NASA

health physicists and Radiation

Protection Officers took place under NASA’s

Principal Center Occupational Health

sponsorship. The network of professionals

exchanged ideas on concerns that face the

KSC team such as radiation health and safety

issues as well as information on common

issues such as problem resolution.

The interactive web-based training module

“Managing Harmful Stress at NASA” was

deployed and provided to the entire NASA

workforce. The training module delivers

credible health care information allowing

employees to quantify and successfully cope

with the demanding inherent stressors of

working for a high visibility, cutting edge

technology employer such as NASA. Within a

few days of launching the module, more than

7,000 NASA and NASA contractor employees

had accessed the site. An Employee

Assistance Module for Supervisors interactive

web-based training module was also made

available.

KSC supported several health related

outreach initiatives including participation in

the NASA Educational Web Chat (on the topic

of space medicine) and a presentation on “The

Medical Physiology of Space Flight” to the

Florida Association of Science Teachers.

The Center also developed a heat stress

awareness website for use by the KSC

community during Florida’s long summer. The

web site helps organizations implement

procedures to ensure employees work without

risk of heat-related illnesses.

National Employee Health and Fitness

Day (NEHFD) was sponsored by the KSC

Fitness Centers, and supported by several

other KSC groups. Approximately 800

attended over two days and over 1,500

informational pieces were delivered.

KSC supported a Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) workshop on the

development of guidelines for medical

standards for commercial space flight

passengers.

A Department of Labor workshop for all

KSC supervisors concerning the Federal

Employee Compensation Act (FECA), which

describes how federal employees qualify for

workers’ compensation benefits, was

sponsored by KSC. The Center organized the

training session in hopes of better controlling

KSC’s workers’ compensation costs.

A plan for bioterroism threats was

developed by KSC. The policy and procedures

implemented at KSC include prevention,

identification (Ruggedized Advanced

Pathogen Identification Device—RAPID

System), response and treatment.

Safety and Health
FY 2001 Annual Report

37

KSC employees participate in

a variety of fun and

educational activities and

displays during National

Employee Health and Fitness

Day.
FY 2001 Annual Report

48

After removing a young

manatee from the van that

brought it from Sea World,

Orlando, Fla., workers get

ready to release it into the

Banana River.
FY 2001 Annual Report

Implementing procedures that promote a

safe and healthy workplace while using energy

resources efficiently was commonplace at

Kennedy Space Center during fiscal year

2001.

The Light Management Plan (LMP) for

Launch Complexes 39A and 39B saved KSC

energy and money. Lighting at both pads

resulted in sea turtle disorientation. After

analyzing existing light configurations (more

than 1,500 lights and 435,000 watts), KSC

staff designed a plan to use less than 50

percent of these lights when a Shuttle is not

on the pad. The plan also involves using only

necessary lights for tasks, so the entire launch

structure isn’t illuminated. Energy usage was

reduced by 123,250 watts with an annual cost

savings of $32,390 and reduced turtle

disorientation.

Seventeen experts from NASA

Headquarters, Glenn Research Center, and a

contractor conducted a two-week

comprehensive Environmental Functional

Review (EFR) of KSC environmental

management. They assessed compliance with

Federal, state, local policies and NASA

regulations, and also evaluated the quality of

KSC’s environmental program management.

The team found no circumstances posing

direct or imminent threat to the environment,

or the Agency mission.

In addition, the team noted 12 instances

where KSC went beyond requirements to

enhance environmental protection. Findings

Environmental Stewardship

included KSC’s Web site as an excellent

public information resource, staff working to

develop good relationships with state and

Federal regulators, and use of the Geographic

Information System (GIS) for effective

management of the program. The team’s final

report explained KSC serves as a model for

the rest of the Agency.

KSC funded two pollution prevention

projects in conjunction with the NASA Principle

Center for Pollution Prevention. KSC’s

recycling program encompassed materials

ranging from scrap metal, copper, and

aluminum to paper and toner cartridges. The

Center’s recycling efforts bring in an average

of $120,000 annually.

The Center collaborated with the 45th

Space Wing to host an event to raise

awareness of environmental and energy

issues, and to promote ways to conserve

resources and reduce costs. Seventy-five

vendors attended with displays ranging from

recycled furniture to energy products. Also,

organizations made presentations on

environmental issues. KSC employee turnout

for the event increased 65 percent from FY

2000.

45
FY 2001 Annual Report

38

Technicians insert a pin

into a vat of liquid

nitrogen at the Cryogenics Testbed.
FY 2001 Annual Report

47

Partnerships allow Kennedy Space Center

to consistently offer innovative technologies

that enhance research and development.

Cape Canaveral Spaceport Master

Plan

To explore the possibilities for the

successful future development of the

Spaceport and to maintain and further its

premier global status, NASA, the Air Force

and the state of Florida continued work on a

Cape Canaveral Spaceport Master Plan.

The master planning process evaluates

existing conditions, forecasts future growth

and focuses on developing opportunities to

respond to and lead changing market

conditions over a 50-year planning period and

beyond. Ultimately, the Master Plan will bring

its vision of the future into focus today,

enabling the Cape Canaveral Spaceport and

other community stakeholders to take

necessary steps to meet its goal as a

showcase for technology and innovation.

International Space Research Park

The International Space Research ParkTM

(ISRP) is a new partnership between NASA

and the State of Florida to build an

environment for world-class research and

technology development performed through

the collaborative efforts of industry, academia,

and government.

A 400-acre tract of land, located just south

of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex,

has been designated for development as the

research park. The site will eventually become

home to new research, technology

development, and associated facilities that will

help KSC advance as a Spaceport Technology

Center, foster the commercial utilization of the

International Space Station, and support

customers of the Cape Canaveral Spaceport.

Space Commerce Way, the new arterial

Partnerships

highway that will open up the site by

connecting State Road 3 and the NASA

Causeway, is already under construction.

Considerable progress to plan and

implement the new research park was

achieved in 2001. KSC and Florida Space

Authority (FSA) formalized the partnership and

have collaborated on a concept development

effort that included advice from the widely

respected Urban Land Institute (ULI).

The ULI Advisory Panel visited KSC in

July and concluded that there is a great

opportunity in the park, and recommended

that KSC proceed with a partnership with the

State of Florida and the private sector.

Business planning, including a market

assessment and analysis of alternative

financial and management approaches, was

initiated and is targeted for completion in May

2002. Already, commercial and academic

organizations are expressing strong interest in

becoming future park residents.

Space Experiment Research and

Processing Laboratory

The research park partnership evolved

from another joint effort between KSC and the

state of Florida, the Space Experiment

Research and Processing Laboratory

(SERPL). SERPL will be the primary gateway

to the International Space Station for science

experiments and a world-class home to

ground-based investigations in fundamental

and applied biological science. It will also

serve as a magnet facility for the planned

research park.
FY 2001 Annual Report

48

In February 2001, a very successful

groundbreaking occurred at KSC for SERPL

and the Space Commerce Way. Participants

included Florida’s Lt. Governor Frank Brogan,

Congressman Dave Weldon and many other

government, academic, and industrial leaders.

During the past year, facility design was

completed and construction was initiated.

Scheduled for completion in 2003, SERPL will

feature shared-use laboratories where Florida

university researchers will collaborate with

NASA scientists and ISS principal

investigators on a day-to-day basis.

More than two-dozen distinct laboratories

will be clustered by scientific disciplines to

enable a broad range of investigations both in

space, and on the ground. NASA’s life

sciences support personnel will carefully

house and prepare experiments for launch

aboard the Space Shuttle to the Station.

SERPL also will host KSC’s contribution to

the NASA Advanced Life Support (ALS)

Project as well as the newly planned

University of Florida (UF) Center for Space

Agriculture and Biotechnology Research and

Education (SABRE). This work, performed in

collaboration with other NASA Centers, is

exploring various aspects of a bioregenerative

life support system. Such research and

technology development will be crucial to longterm habitation of space by humans.

Partnerships

Advanced Learning Environment

In March, the NASA Education Programs

and University Research Division, United

Space Alliance and Boeing established a

partnership with the Florida Space Research

Institute (FSRI) to work with KSC subject

matter experts to develop an Advanced

Learning Environment. Technology developed

by Langley Research Center is being used as

the basis for the development of a simulated

instructional environment for students. The

partnership was formed to develop a prototype

cryogenics module, which can be used to

reduce the amount of time required to train

and certify a cryogenics engineer supporting

launch activities. The project involves monies

from Work Force Florida, Inc. as well as

NASA. The agreement also focuses on

developing additional partnerships with

national and international universities and

aerospace industry representatives to take the

learning environment into the academic

community as well as utilize it in other

industries.
FY 2001 Annual Report

49

Partnerships

Spaceport Planning and Customer

Service

The Cape Canaveral Spaceport Planning

and Customer Service Office (SPCSO), is a

strong, customer oriented, new, cooperative

partnership of the Air Force, NASA, and the

FSA, is tasked with supporting visions for

future spaceport development. The new office

assures the needs of the government,

commercial industry, the state and other local

stakeholders are included in the future

spaceport. The office assigns each new

launch or program customer a “Spaceport

Manager.” The Spaceport Manager acts as a

facilitator and advocate for the customer from

the time the customer arrives to completion of

the launch or program. Spaceport Managers

help handle public safety issues, real estate

agreements, and environmental concerns in

addition to walking customers through all

unfamiliar requirements and associated

agencies and working to use feedback to

improve the entire Spaceport.

Advanced Technology Development

Center

The NASA-led Advanced Technology

Development Center (ATDC) project being

developed at Complex 20 (SLC-20) is a

partnership of NASA, Air Force (45th Space

Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory) and

state of Florida (Florida Air National Guard)

agencies and academia. This center will allow

for full-scale demonstration, testing and

qualification of Spaceport Technologies within

an infrastructure resembling a launch

environment. Spaceport Technology projects

that show promise in a laboratory environment

can be deployed and qualified at the ATDC

under “real world” conditions.

Corrosion Testbed

KSC’s Beach Corrosion Test Site has

been documented as having higher

atmospheric corrosion rates than any other

test site in the U.S. In collaboration with the

U.S. Army and Dynacs Engineering Co., Inc.,

KSC is testing the effectiveness of chloride

rinse agents as corrosion inhibitors for use on

Army aircraft, missile, and ground vehicle

systems.

Nine different metals specified by the U.S.

Army will undergo exposure and observation

for two years in a harsh, outdoor, marine

environment. In addition, the data is being

collected with a sensor that may ultimately

serve as a tool for predicting corrosion

initiation.

Cryogenics Testbed

In its second year, the Cryogenics Testbed

Facility, a venture in technology and research

collaboration, is offering research and

development capabilities that are benefiting

projects originating from KSC, academia, and

private industry. Cryogenic science deals with

the production of very low temperatures and

the behavior of materials at those

temperatures and is vital to KSC’s spaceflight

operations.

NASA established a Space Act Agreement

with Dynacs. The Dynacs team offers

extensive experience in the KSC operational

environment performing design, modeling,

operation and maintenance of large, complex,

cryogenic systems.
FY 2001 Annual Report

50

KSC also teamed with Oak Ridge National

Laboratory, a United States Department of

Energy multiprogram science and technology

lab. The Interagency Agreement focuses on

producing new flexible piping that performs

better than straight piping, so that energy

efficient, high-temperature, superconducting

cable can become a reality for the world’s

power industry.

Materials Test and Evaluation

KSC offers unique facilities and extensive

expertise for failure analysis in areas such as

flight hardware and ground support

equipment, testing, and reengineering of

materials used in nearly every commercial and

aerospace industry. Capabilities include

chemical analysis, materials testing,

environmental simulation, and nondestructive

evaluation.

Pioneering research placed KSC and

Langley Research Center (LaRC) at the

forefront of new materials and structural

concepts for aerospace vehicles and other

applications. This partnership, incorporating

the study of high-performance foams, has led

to research in the development of KSC’s

Cryogenics Testbed.

Electromagnetic Physics

Electrostatic testing of thin films and

clothing materials has been routinely

performed at KSC since the 1960s, leading to

a compilation of a large database on

electrostatic material properties. KSC’s

laboratory is capable of supplying electrostatic

information on thousands of thin films

Partnerships

immediately, and on-site testing devices and

techniques can provide electrostatic data on

new materials on the spot. Spacecraft and

payload preparation and launch require

electrostatic control measures to avoid

excessive charge buildup. Future launches

from the moon or Mars will require stricter

preventive measures.

In 2001, KSC’s Electromagnetic Physics

Laboratory partnered with NASA’s Jet

Propulsion Lab (JPL) for joint electrostatic

studies and material characterization to assist

on various issues related to electrostatic

charge generation and prevention in the

Shuttle, International Space Station, and

payload work areas, as well as on planetary

surfaces such as those of Mars or the moon.

Specifically, the focus is to characterize the

electrostatic properties of a Martian soil

simulant with various insulating materials.

KSC partnered with Jet Propulsion

Laboratory on a NASA Electronic Parts and

Packaging Program, which evaluates

commercial electronic nose instruments. KSC

also will be working with Glenn Research

Center, Johnson Space Center (JSC), Case

Western Reserve University and Makel

Engineering to develop a Microsystem-based

Hydrazine Detection System for the Station

and EVA application. KSC along with JSC and

JPL also developed an instrument for

monitoring ammonia, hypergolic fuel and

oxidizer in the Shuttle and ISS airlock.

A separate partnership with Glenn

Research Center will provide expertise in

ruggedization – the redesign of the hydrogen

sensor to withstand the environment it will be

exposed to during flight.
FY 2001 Annual Report

43

A groundbreaking

ceremony begins

construction of the Space

Experiment Research and

Processing Laboratory

(SERPL).
FY 2001 Annual Report

The Kennedy Space Center Visitor

Complex saw 1,800,000 touring

visitors through its doors in FY 2001.
FY 2001 Annual Report

53

Kennedy Space Center is part of a larger

network of customers, partners, stakeholders,

and friends, in the local community and

beyond. The Center’s FY 2001 outreach effort

began in our own backyard through endeavors

such as Days of Caring, Combined Federal

Campaign, Community Appreciation Day and

Volunteer Appreciation Breakfasts. But work

also extended across the globe as guests from

around the world visited the Kennedy Space

Center Visitor Complex and came for

launches. Additionally, a variety of educational

programs and offerings extended a hand to

thousands of students and teachers from

around the United States.

KSC also reached out through its public

web site at www.ksc.nasa.gov. Several new

World Wide Web-based simulations and tours

were developed for the general public,

providing a fun and exciting way for space

enthusiasts to acquire a deeper understanding

of KSC’s role in space exploration. These

applications include the Shuttle Launch

Simulation, the Firing Room Virtual Tour, the

NASA Time Capsule, and the International

Space Station Docking Simulation.

Global Outreach - The Kennedy

Space Center Visitor Complex

The public’s primary gateway to Kennedy

Space Center, the Visitor Complex shared the

excitement of space flight with more than

1,800,000 touring visitors in FY 2001. To better

serve the increasing number of visitors, the

Visitor Complex completed many

enhancements and developed plans for future

expansions. In July, a long-range

comprehensive Master Plan was delivered to

assure that any future expansion by the Visitor

Outreach to the World

Complex is done in an orderly manner. A

bypass road currently under construction is a

portion of the Master Plan, and in the future

will allow separation of tour bus and service

vehicle traffic from visitor traffic, improving

safety as well as security.

A new, live stage show, “Mad Mission to

Mars 2025,” debuted, augmenting the Visitor

Complex’s child-oriented programming. Using

hands-on activities, 3-D computer animation

and theatrical effects such as artificial winds,

the Mars-focused show transforms the

audience into “astronaut trainees.” The show

was created to inspire children of all ages to

understand space exploration.

The Rocket Garden was redesigned to

enhance the information, landscaping,

creature comforts and safety. To accomplish

this, new exhibit labels have been developed

and a new lighting system designed for

nighttime operations to enhance the Rockets

and displays, as will a new sound system. A

new water feature will highlight the landscape.

The Apollo/Saturn V Center has evolved

as a major destination for daily and launch

visitors. Because of increased souvenir sales

at this location, a design was completed for an

expansion of the souvenir sales area to meet

the increasing demand.
FY 2001 Annual Report

54

Community Outreach

During the Combined Federal Campaign

in FY2001, KSC raised more than $260K, well

over the goal of $220K. The successful

campaign also marked the first time KSC

raised in excess of a quarter of a million

dollars. Forty percent of the funds went

directly to the local community, while the

remainder was distributed to national and

international organizations.

In the last week of October, more than 250

KSC employees joined forces with local

volunteers for Days of Caring. Volunteers

participated in a variety of community service

projects around Brevard County, benefiting

health and human service agencies funded by

the United Way of Brevard.

On Nov. 4, 2000, more than 43,000

Brevard County residents, KSC and CCAFS

employees attended Community Appreciation

Day. A phenomenal success, the event

provided KSC and CCAFS the opportunity to

share an up-close look inside the space

program’s vehicles and one-of-a-kind facilities.

Activities were highlighted by a drive-by tour of

Launch Pad 39B, with Shuttle Endeavour on

the pad, and a behind-the-scenes look from

the ISS Center viewing window to see Station

elements being readied for flight.

On February 20, KSC’s volunteers were

recognized at a Volunteer Appreciation

Breakfast at the KSC Visitor Complex in

February 2001. Many of these volunteers are

active in the NASA Alumni League and spend

countless hours each year assisting at KSC in

a wide variety of ways.

KSC also joined in a celebration of Space

Day in Tallahassee on April 2. News media

representatives took part in an informal

question-and-answer session with NASA

astronauts Ken Cockrell, Mark Polansky and

David Brown. Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, Lt. Gov.

Frank Brogan and Speaker of the House Tom

Feeney spoke from the floor of the House

Chamber to the Expedition Two crew aboard

the International Space Station. Astronauts

and Florida Commissioner of Education

Charlie Crist presented a savings bond to the

winner of a statewide art contest sponsored by

KSC and USAF contractor Space Gateway

Support.

“The Odyssey Continues” was this year’s

theme for the Community Leaders Briefing,

held April 23. KSC Director Roy D. Bridges Jr.

and Deputy Director James L. Jennings met

with community leaders from Brevard County

and the state of Florida to discuss the longterm viability of KSC and how the space

program benefits the community. Leaders

heard KSC’s vision for the future, the current

KSC budget, employment trends, educational

partnerships, future goals, and major facility

projects. They also took part in a lively

question and answer period with the director.

Outreach to the World
FY 2001 Annual Report

53

The entrance to the new

“Mad Mission to Mars

2025” show stands in

front of the Rocket

Garden, which recently

received upgrades.
FY 2001 Annual Report

54

Student teams prepare to move

their robots to the playing field

during the NASA/KSC FIRST

Southeastern Regional event.
FY 2001 Annual Report

57

Kennedy Space Center’s Education

Programs and University Research Division is

reflecting on one of its busiest and most

successful years. Throughout the fiscal year,

more than 120,000 teachers, students, and

citizens participated in KSC’s education

programs. During the summer, KSC’s

education division managed more than 350

students and educators at a time from a

variety of programs, including Equal

Opportunity scholars, university-level

education, numerous K-12 programs, and the

NASA-sponsored Space Life Sciences

Training Program (SLSTP).

More than 1,000 K-12 teachers from

around the world participated in KSC’s

summer educator workshops, which are

modeled after the national standards in math,

science and technology. A “hands on/minds

on” instructional approach is used in Earth

Science, Aerospace Technology, Human

Exploration and Development of Space

(HEDS) and Space Science workshops,

enabling teachers to adapt this new

knowledge and experience into their specific

educational situations.

KSC transitioned the Fundamental Biology

Outreach Program (FBOP), formerly Life

Sciences Outreach Program, from Ames

Research Center to KSC. FBOP provides

quality opportunities for customers to gain

understanding of, or to participate in, research

objectives and benefits of NASA’s fundamental

biology research.

Education

KSC’s 2001 Undergraduate Student

Research Program (USRP) summer program

was a pilot program sponsored by NASA

Headquarters Education Division. KSC

received more than 500 applications from

undergraduate students representing more

than 300 colleges and universities from all 50

states and Puerto Rico. The 12 interns

selected, fully representing America’s rich

diversity, worked with technical mentors in

their chosen discipline during the summer.

Space Life Sciences Training Program

(SLSTP) provided 32 U.S. and Canadian

students an opportunity to participate on site in

projects emphasizing ecology, closed

biological systems and flight experiments.

These projects highlighted the unique features

of research conducted in space and the

challenges associated with planning and

conducting long-duration space flight missions

and experiments. The intensive six-week

session also examined the environmental

impacts of the Space Shuttle Program on KSC

and local ecology.
FY 2001 Annual Report

58

Through the International Space Station

(ISS) Web cast series sponsored by KSC and

NASA Quest, students and educators got a

behind-the-scenes look at KSC’s role in Space

Station processing. Topic areas included the

100th shuttle launch, an overview of the ISS

featuring the Destiny module and roles of the

international partners, life in space, and KSC’s

role in meeting astronaut medical

requirements. This Internet-based program

allowed participating viewers worldwide to

“tour” KSC and have their questions answered

live by NASA experts.

In March, 40 teams of high school

students and thousands of interested visitors

descended upon KSC for the third Southeast

Regional competition of the First Inspiration

and Recognition of Science and Technology

(FIRST) tournament, which was carried live on

NASA Television. The student teams built

robots according to precise specifications, and

then unleashed their creations to battle the

clock and each other in assigned robotics

tasks.

During 2001, KSC initiated the “SEE

NASA – Student Educational Experience”

program in partnership with the state of

Florida. SEE NASA targets 5th grade students

in Florida who come to KSC to participate in a

two-day experience of learning and view a

Shuttle launch. The idea for the student

experience was provided during a discussion

between Mrs. Columba Bush, wife of Florida

Governor Bush, and NASA Administrator Dan

Goldin, in April 2001. The program was

planned with representatives of NASA

Headquarters, Kennedy Space Center,

Delaware North Park Services (Kennedy

Visitor Center), and Florida Education officials.

During calendar year 2001, more than

200 students and educators visited the Space

Center. Students from the Florida panhandle,

the Tampa area and the Hialeah area were

represented. The schools were selected by

the State of Florida Commission of Education

to reward their achievement in significantly

improving their overall FCAT scores through a

focus on higher order thinking skills and

increased parent involvement.

Education
FY 2001 Annual Report

57

The 2001 Summer Student

Program orientation introduced

summer students and professors

to Kennedy Space Center.
The work done at the Kennedy Space

Center in Brevard County not only helps the

nation achieve its objectives in outer space, it

also enlarges and enhances the nearby

economy. These economic effects are broad

and substantial. The money spent on space

exploration directly supports employment and

production at Kennedy Space Center and

generates additional jobs, earnings, and

output elsewhere in Florida through the

purchase of goods and services from firms in

the private sector. KSC enhances the

productivity of the region’s workers, raising

their wages and standard of living.

To conduct its exploration of space,

NASA requires an extraordinary range of

60

Economic Impact

commodities including fuel, missile engines,

computers, and photographic equipment. The

range of services it purchases is just as wide,

including communications, laboratory testing,

and university research. In meeting NASA’s

demand for these goods and services, local

contractors employ workers, fund payrolls, and

generate output. These workers and

contractors generate additional impacts as

they spend their incomes and place orders

with other regional firms for materials and

services. Each round of such spending

recirculates NASA’s initial demand among

Florida’s businesses and households,

multiplying the direct impact on the economy.

Kennedy Space Center Workforce

Full-time Civil Servants 1,802

Civil Service Skill Mix

Scientific & Engineering 61.3%

Administrative 23.5%

Technical 8.5%

Clerical 6.7%

Contractor Employees 11,001

Tenants 1,266

Total KSC Employees 14,069
Economic Impact Summary

The University of Florida performed an

Economic Impact Study to determine NASA’s

(KSC and other Centers and the ancillary

operations of the Visitor Complex) economic

impact on Brevard County and the central

Florida region. The main results are

summarized in the following table and chart.

During 2001 NASA’s direct impact (final

61

demand) on the Central Florida region

amounted to $1.061 billion. The total impact

on private sector output came to $1.957 billion

and provided 20,500 workers with $798 million

of earnings.

Upon request, a full report is available

from the KSC Chief Financial Office.

 Brevard County Central Florida

2001 2000 2001 2000

 Millions of 2001 dollars

Procurement 1,296 1,134 1,315 1,186

Final Demand 885 826 1,011 974

Output of Goods and Services 1,356 1,269 1,862 1,789

Earnings 589 547 768 729

Procurement: Cost of goods and services paid out by NASA and

Visitors’ Center to vendors/suppliers within the study area

Final Demand: Value of goods, services and labor produced and performed

within the study area

Output of Goods and Services: Total economic impact of NASA spending by region

Earnings: Salaries of direct workforce + salaries of jobs created by

NASA acquisition
Economic Impact Summary

NASA Procurement of Goods and Services

Guided missiles & space vehicles

Aircraft & missile equipment

Other manufactured goods &

 construction

Computer, business, &

 professional services

Services of defense agencies,

 universities & other

Space flight operations

Economic Impact by Industry

 (Jobs in Central Florida)

62

7%

8%

9%

3%

63%

10%

13%

4%

5%

4%

69%

5%

Government

Other

Manufacturing

Trade

Transportation

Services
61

Workers in the Spacecraft

Assembly and Encapsulation

Facility-2 prepare the

Microwave Anisotropy Probe

(MAP) for launch.
64

Statement of the Chief

Financial Officer

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 financial

statements (unaudited) have been prepared to

report the financial position and results of

NASA’s Kennedy Space Center operation,

pursuant to the requirements of the Chief

Financial Officers (CFOs) Act of 1990 and the

Government Management Reform Act of 1994

(GMRA). The statements include the

Statement of Financial Position and the

Statement of Operations and Changes in Net

Position. The statements have been prepared

from the books and records of NASA, in

accordance with the comprehensive basis of

accounting prescribed by the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 94-

01, “Form and Content of Agency Financial

Statements.” The statements are different from

financial reports used to monitor and control

budgetary resources, which are prepared from

the same books and records.

The statements should be read with the

realization that they are for an agency of the

U.S. Government, a sovereign entity.

Liabilities not covered by budgetary

resources cannot be liquidated without the

enactment of an appropriation; and payment

of all liabilities, other than for contracts, can be

abrogated by the sovereign entity.

These financial statements were prepared

in accordance with Federal accounting

standards. These standards are evolving

through the efforts of the Federal Accounting

Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). This

board includes members from the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB), the General

Accounting Office (GAO), and the Department

of Treasury (Treasury). Currently, NASA

observes the following hierarchy of accounting

standards as required by OMB:

• Individual FASAB standards published

by OMB, GAO and Treasury;

• OMB guidance on the form and

content of financial statements;

• Agency accounting guidance, which

represents prevalent practices; and

• Accounting principles published by

other authoritative sources.
65

NASA Headquarters, which receives

funding through annual Congressional

appropriations, authorizes and funds KSC

operations. KSC’s total operation expenses for

FY 2001 by appropriation were:

The 2001 Annual Report and Financial

Statements were the result of the work of a

dedicated team of professionals at KSC.

N.A. Carroll, Chief Financial Officer

Appropriation Amount

 In

 thousands

Mission Support $ 288,943

Human Space Flight 474,791

Science, Aeronautics & Technology 299,534

Construction of Facilities 362

Total Expenses $ 1,063,630
66

Financial Statement

Statements of Financial Position

As of September 30, 2001

(In Thousands)

Assets: 2001 2000

Intragovernmental Assets:

 Fund Balance With Treasury (Note 2) 466,673 $ 457,200 $ 

 Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 17,282 19,271 

Governmental Assets:

 Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 1,555 1,104 

 Advances and Prepayments 510 58 

Property, Plant and Equipment (Note 4) 2,073,077 2,033,508 

Other Assets (Note 5) 113,140 117,560 

 Total Assets 2,671,785 $ 2,629,153 $ 

Liabilities:

Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources:

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable 15,072 $ 17,881 $ 

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 358 393 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable 243,720 241,225 

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 12,450 13,838 

 Total 271,600 $ 273,337 $ 

Liabilities not Covered by Budgetary Resources:

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 385 $ 418 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 14,286 13,739 

 Total 14,671 $ 14,157 $ 

 Total Liabilities 286,271 $ 287,494 $ 

Net Position (Note 7): 

 Unexpended Appropriations 213,962 $ 204,442 $ 

 Invested Capital 2,186,217 2,151,068 

 Cumulative Results of Operations 5 306 

 Future Funding Requirements (14,670) (14,157) 

 Total Net Position 2,385,514 $ 2,341,659 $ 

 Total Liabilities and Net Position 2,671,785 $ 2,629,153 $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
67

Financial Statement

Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position

For the Year Ended September 30, 2001

(In Thousands)

2001 2000

Revenues and Financing Sources:

Appropriated Capital Used 902,405 $ 897,363 $ 

Revenues from Sales of Goods and Services:

 To the Public 4,939 4,747 

 Intragovernmental 155,985 134,539 

Other Revenues and Financing Sources (Note 8) 719 769 

Less: Receipts Transferred to Treasury (719) (769) 

 Total Revenues and Financing Sources 1,063,329 $ 1,036,649 $ 

Expenses:

Program or Operating Expenses by Appropriation: 

 Mission Support 283,586 $ 302,216 $ 

 Human Space Flight 361,968 357,702 

 Science, Aeronautics and Technology 256,789 235,744 

 Construction of Facilities 362 1,366 

 Space Flight Control and Data Communications - 46 

Reimbursable Expenses 160,925 139,286 

 Total Expenses 1,063,630 $ 1,036,360 $ 

Total Revenues and Financing Sources 

 In Excess of Expenses $ 289 (301) $ 

Nonoperating Changes: 

Unexpended Appropriations (Note 7) 9,520 $ (4,026) $ 

Invested Capital (Note 7) 35,149 41,432 

Cumulative Results from Operations (note 7) (301) 289 

Future Funding Requirements (Note 7) (513) 1,807 

 Total Nonoperating Changes 43,855 $ 39,502 $ 

Change in Net Position 43,855 $ 39,502 $ 

Net Position, Beginning Balance 2,302,157 2,341,659 

Net Position, Ending Balance $ 2,341,659 2,385,514 $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
Financial Statement

1. Summary of Accounting Policies and Operations

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements were prepared to report the financial position and results of

operations of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), pursuant to the requirements of the Chief

Financial Officers Act of 1990. The statements were prepared from the books and records of

KSC, in accordance with the comprehensive basis of accounting specified in OMB Bulletin 94-01.

Reporting Entity

KSC is one of nine NASA field centers established to aid NASA in its mission to provide for

aeronautical and space activities. Financial management of its operations is the responsibility of

Center officials at all organizational levels. KSC’s accounting system is one of ten distinct

operations located at nine NASA Centers and Headquarters. Although KSC, like the other

Centers, is independent and has its own Deputy Chief Financial Officer for Finance, it operates

under Agencywide financial management regulations. KSC provides payroll accounting for

approximately 1,802 civilian employees and processes approximately 6,508 nonpayroll-related

accounting transactions monthly. This data provides the basic information necessary to meet

internal and external financial reporting requirements and provides both funds control and

accountability.

Four appropriations require individual treatment in the KSC accounting and control system.

(1) The Human Space Flight (HSF) appropriation supports human space flight research and

development activities for space flight, spacecraft control, and communications actions. This

includes research, development, operations, services, maintenance, and construction of

facilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation, and modification of real and personal

property.

(2) The Science Aeronautics and Technology (SAT) appropriation provides for the conduct and

support of science, aeronautics, and technology. This includes research, development,

operations, services, maintenance, and construction of facilities, which encompasses the

repair, rehabilitation, and modification of real and personal property.

(3) The Mission Support (MS) appropriation provides for safety, reliability, and quality assurance

activities supporting Agency programs, space communication services for NASA programs,

salaries, and related expenses in support of research in NASA Field Centers, and

construction of facilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation, and modification of

real and personal property.

(4) The Construction of Facilities (C of F) appropriation, which was restructured and replaced in

the 1995 budget, includes the construction of new facilities and the repair, rehabilitation, and

modification of facilities.

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended September 30, 2001

68
Financial Statement

The Space Flight, Control, and Data Communications (SFCDC) appropriation, which was

restructured and replaced in the 1995 budget, included production, operations, and support

activities for the Space Transportation System, which includes the Space Shuttle and

expendable launch vehicles. The appropriation also provided for tracking, telemetry,

command, and data acquisition support of all flight projects. All FY appropriations within

SFCDC were closed as of FY 2001 and are included for comparative purposes only.

In addition to the basic operating programs described above, KSC expenditures in FY 2001

included $161 million of reimbursable activity.

Basis of Accounting

KSC accounts are maintained on an accrual basis (i.e., expense and revenue are recorded in

the accounts for the period in which they are incurred or earned). Expenses are classified in the

accounts according to the appropriation that financed the activity. These expenses are coded in

accordance with the Agencywide coding structure, which sets forth a uniform classification of

financial activity that is used for planning, budgeting, accounting, and reporting. The expenses

are further categorized in the General Ledger as operating expenses or capitalized expenses.

Funds with the U.S. Treasury and Cash

KSC’s cash receipts and disbursements are processed by the U.S. Treasury. The funds with

the U.S. Treasury include appropriated funds, trust funds, and deposit funds for advances

received for reimbursable services. Balances are not held outside the U.S. Treasury.

Advances

KSC funds its University Contracts and Grants program through the use of predetermined

payment schedules where letters of credit are not used; recipients are required to schedule

draw-downs to coincide with actual, immediate cash requirements, in accordance with OMB

Circular A-125 and Department of Treasury regulations. Quarterly financial reporting of cash

transactions is provided on Federal Cash Transactions Reports (SF 272’s). Detailed monitoring

and accountability records are maintained; monitoring includes audits by the Defense Contract

Audit Agency (DCAA) and NASA’s Office of the Inspector General.

69
70

Financial Statement

Accounts Receivable

The largest portion of accounts receivable is due from other Federal agencies and includes

research and development of satellites as well as launch services. Nongovernmental customers

are required to provide advance payments, which are credited to the applicable appropriation.

Advances are then used to offset services as performed. In unusual cases, exceptions and

waivers to this general rule have been granted under the Space Act, allowing customers to

postpone advance payments.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

KSC-owned Property, Plant, and Equipment may be held by the Center or its contractors.

Under the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), contractors are responsible for

control over and accountability for such property in their possession.

Under the User Charge Act and OMB Circular A-25, Property, Plant, and Equipment may be

depreciated, while in prior years a “use” charge was applied to commercial reimbursable

customers, which included a factor for depreciation of facilities and equipment. KSC is permitted

to charge depreciation under the “full cost” concept to nongovernment reimbursable customers.

Depreciation is not included in cost at the Center level but is calculated and reflected in the

Agency level financial statements.

All internal use software, whether it is commercial off-the-shelf, contractor-developed, or

internally developed, which meets the capitalization criteria, is subject to the provisions of SFFAS

Number 11 and its cost shall be capitalized when accepted. When such software is integrated into

and necessary to operate general PP&E, rather than perform an application, it is considered part

of the PP&E of which it is an integral part, and capitalized and depreciated accordingly. In these

cases, the aggregate cost of the PP&E and software is used to determine whether the item meets

the dollar threshold for capitalization.

Equipment with a unit cost of $100,000 or more and a useful life of 2 years or more, not

intended for sale in the ordinary course of operations, and has been acquired or constructed with

the intention of being used, or being available for use by the Agency, is capitalized. Capitalized

cost includes unit cost, transportation, installation, and handling and storage costs.

Real property, such as land, buildings, and other structures and facilities, is capitalized when

the asset value is $100,000 or more. The capitalized value represents the total cost to NASA,

including both acquisition and preparation costs. Land values are recorded at original acquisition

cost and do not reflect current value nor include the cost of improvements. Buildings are also

valued at acquisition cost, including the cost of capital improvements and fixed equipment

required for functional use of the facility. Other structures include the acquisition cost of capital

improvements.
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Financial Statement

Government-owned/Contractor-held property includes KSC materials, plant equipment,

Agency-peculiar property, special tooling, and special test equipment. Contractors are directed to

annually report all plant equipment costs for the fiscal year. Plant equipment costing $100,000 or

more and having a useful life of 2 years will be capitalized. Contractors electronically report

property changes during the fiscal year, as of September 30, on a NASA Form 1018, Report of

Government-owned/Contractor-held Property. The electronic submissions do not have digital

signature, and are validated by Department of Defense (DOD) or NASA Property Administrator

(NASA PA), Industrial Property Management Specialist (IPMS) and Deputy Chief Financial Officer

(DCFO).

Contractor-held Agency-peculiar property includes flight pallets, mission peculiar experiment

support structures, spacelab, transfer tunnel, and similar components unique to NASA space

programs and held by NASA prime contractors or their first-tier subcontractors who are

responsible for building, refurbishing and launching the hardware. Contractor reporting is

stipulated in the NASA Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, NFS Part 1845. These items

are priced in accordance with guidance set forth in this NASA supplement. The unit acquisition

cost shall include all costs incurred to bring the property to a form and location suitable for its

intended use per NFS Part 1845.7101.3.

Other Assets

Other assets include Government-owned/Contractor-held materials.

Liabilities

Accounts payable includes amounts recorded for receipt of goods or services furnished to the

Center, based on receiving reports and billings rendered. Additionally, KSC accrues cost and

recognizes liability based on information that is provided monthly by contractors on cost and

performance reports (NASA Form 533, Contractor Financial Management Report). KSC relies on

independent audits by the DCAA to ensure the reliability of reported costs and estimates. To

provide further assurance, financial managers are required to test the accuracy of cost accruals

generated from the NF 533’s, and NASA Headquarters independently analyzes the validity of

KSC’s data.

Revenues and Other Financing Sources

KSC receives the majority of its funding through multi-year appropriations. These include 3-

year appropriations for construction activities, 2-year appropriations for operational and space

flight activities, and a single year appropriation for civil service payroll and travel. In addition to

appropriated funds, the Center performs services for other Federal agencies and the public and

receives reimbursable funding authority.
Financial Statement

72

2. Fund Balance with Treasury:

 (In Thousands)

 Fund Balances:

Obligated

Unobligated 

Available

Unobligated 

Restricted Fund Balance

 Appropriated Funds 379,819 $ $ 81,957 $ 4,522 $ 466,298

 Deposit Funds 

 Suspense/Clearing Accounts 375

 Total Fund Balance with Treasury $ 466,673

3. Accounts Receivable, Net:

 (In Thousands)

Entity Accounts 

Receivable

Non-Entity 

Accounts 

Receivable

Allowance for 

Uncollectible 

Receivables Net Amount Due

 Intragovernmental 17,282 $ - $ - $ 17,282 $ 

 Governmental 1,819 314 (578) 1,555 

Total $ 314 19,101 $ (578) $ 18,837 $ 

 Non-entity accounts receivable represent amounts that will be deposited to miscellaneous 

 receipts when collected. 

4. Property, Plant and Equipment:

 (In Thousands)

2001 2000 Change

 Government-owned/Government-held:

 Land 73,672 $ 73,672 $ - $ 

 Structures, Facilities and Leasehold 1,416,836 1,390,332 26,504 

 Improvements

 Equipment 205,486 219,919 (14,433) 

 Work in Process 4,705 2,753 1,952 

 Total 1,700,699 $ 1,686,676 $ 14,023 $ 

 Government-owned/Contractor-held:

 Structures and Facilities 7,567 $ 7,567 $ - $ 

 Equipment 61,602 64,562 (2,960) 

 Special Tooling 1,590 928 662 

 Special Test Equipment 58,702 60,430 (1,728) 

 Space Hardware 242,151 212,551 29,600 

 Work in Process 766 794 (28) 

 Total 372,378 $ 346,832 $ 25,546 $ 

 Total Property, Plant and Equipment 2,073,077 $ 2,033,508 $ 39,569 $ 

 See Note 1 for further discussion on property, plant and equipment.
Financial Statement

73

5. Other Assets:

 (In Thousands)

2001 2000 Change

 Contractor-held Materials 113,140 $ 117,560 $ (4,420) $ 

 Total 113,140 $ 117,560 $ (4,420) $ 

6. Other Liabilities:

 (In Thousands)

 Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources:

Current Non-Current Total

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 358 $ - $ 358 $ 

 Total 358 $ - $ 358 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 1,576 $ - $ 1,576 $ 

 Accrued Funded Payroll and Benefits 10,874 - 10,874 

 Total 12,450 $ - $ 12,450 $ 

 The liability for deposit and suspense funds includes cash advances received from other 

 Government agencies and public reimbursable customers. Also included are funds on deposit 

 with the U.S. Treasury for employees’ savings bonds and state tax withholdings.

 Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources:

Current Non-Current Total

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations - $ 385 $ 385 $ 

 Total - $ 385 $ 385 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations - $ 1,239 $ 1,239 $ 

 Contingent Liabilities - - - 

 Unfunded Annual Leave - 13,047 13,047 

 Total - $ 14,286 $ 14,286 $ 

 See Note 1 for further discussion of liabilities not covered by budgetary resources.
Financial Statement

74

7. Net Position:

 (In Thousands) 2001 2000

Appropriated 

Funds

Appropriated 

Funds Change

 Unexpended Appropriations:

 Undelivered 127,483 $ 146,663 $ (19,180) $ 

 Unobligated:

 Available 81,957 51,314 30,643 

 Unavailable 4,522 6,465 (1,943) 

$ 204,442 213,962 $ 9,520 $ 

 Invested Capital 2,186,217 $ 2,151,068 $ 35,149 $ 

 Cumulative Results 5 $ 306 $ (301) $ 

 Future Funding Requirements: 

 Annual leave (13,047) $ (12,490) $ (557) $ 

 Closed appropriations (1,623) (1,667) 44 

 Other - - - 

$ (14,157) (14,670) $ (513) $ 

 Total 2,385,514 $ 2,341,659 $ 43,855 $ 

8. Other Revenues and Financing Resources:

 (In Thousands)

2001 2000

 General Fund Proprietary Receipts 719 $ 769 $ 

 Total $ 769 719 $ 

 General Fund Proprietary Receipts represent user fees, gifts, fines or interest penalties.
73

This acrylic painting by

Stan H. Stokes captures

the lift-off of Atlantis,

mission 61-B, November

26, 1985, in a dramatic

night launch.

Dawn casts a pink glow

across the landscape as a

Boeing Delta II rocket stands

ready to launch the Mars

Odyssey spacecraft.
STS-105 crew captured this view of

the International Space Station over

a moderately cloud-covered land area.