II 

Calendar No. 280

108TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 189

[Report No. 108–147] 

To authorize appropriations for nanoscience, nanoengineering, and 

nanotechnology research, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 16, 2003

Mr. WYDEN (for himself, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. WARNER, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. HOLLINGS, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mrs. CLINTON, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. 

BAYH, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. 

CORZINE, Mr. KERRY, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Ms. CANTWELL, and Mr. BAUCUS) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to 

the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

SEPTEMBER 15, 2003

Reported by Mr. MCCAIN with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL

To authorize appropriations for nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology research, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘21st Century 

3 Nanotechnology Research and Development Act’’. 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

5 The Congress makes the following findings: 

6 (1) The emerging fields of nanoscience and 

7 nanoengineering (collectively, ‘‘nanotechnology’’), in which 

8 matter is manipulated at the atomic level (i.e., atom-by9 atom or molecule-by-molecule) in order to build materials, 

10 machines, and devices with novel properties or functions, 

11 are leading to unprecedented scientific and technological 

12 opportunities that will benefit society by changing the way 

13 many things are designed and made. 

14 (2) Long-term nanoscale research and development 

15 leading to potential breakthroughs in areas such as mate16 rials and manufacturing, electronics, medicine and 

17 healthcare, environment, energy, chemicals, biotechnology, 

18 agriculture, information technology, and national security 

19 could be as significant as the combined influences of 

20 microelectronics, biotechnology, and information tech21 nology on the 20th century. Nanotechnology could lead to 

22 things such as—

23 (A) new generations of electronics where the en24 tire collection of the Library of Congress is stored 

25 on devices the size of a sugar cube; 
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1 (B) manufacturing that requires less material, 

2 pollutes less, and is embedded with sophisticated 

3 sensors that will internally detect signs of weakness 

4 and automatically respond by releasing chemicals 

5 that will prevent damage; 

6 (C) prosthetic and medical implants whose sur7 faces are molecularly designed to interact with the 

8 cells of the body; 

9 (D) materials with an unprecedented combina10 tion of strength, toughness, and lightness that will 

11 enable land, sea, air, and space vehicles to become 

12 lighter and more fuel efficient; 

13 (E) selective membranes that can fish out spe14 cific toxic or valuable particles from industrial waste 

15 or that can inexpensively desalinate sea water; and 

16 (F) tiny robotic spacecraft that will cost less, 

17 consume very little power, adapt to unexpected envi18 ronments, change its capabilities as needed, and be 

19 completely autonomous. 

20 (3) Long-term, high-risk research is necessary to cre21 ate breakthroughs in technology. Such research requires 

22 government funding since the benefits are too distant or 

23 uncertain for industry alone to support. Current Federal 

24 investments in nanotechnology research and development 

25 are not grounded in any specifically authorized statutory 
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1 foundation. As a result, there is a risk that future funding 

2 for long-term, innovative research will be tentative and 

3 subject to instability which could threaten to hinder future 

4 United States technological and economic growth. 

5 (4) The Federal government can play an important 

6 role in the development of nanotechnology, as this science 

7 is still in its infancy, and it will take many years of sus8 tained investment for this field to achieve maturity. 

9 (5) Many foreign countries, companies and scientists 

10 believe that nanotechnology will be the leading technology 

11 of the 21st century and are investing heavily into its re12 search. According to a study of international 

13 nanotechnology research efforts sponsored by the National 

14 Science and Technology Council, the United States is at 

15 risk of falling behind its international competitors, includ16 ing Japan, South Korea, and Europe if it fails to sustain 

17 broad based funding in nanotechnology. The United 

18 States cannot afford to fall behind our competitors if we 

19 want to maintain our economic strength. 

20 (6) Advances in nanotechnology stemming from Fed21 eral investments in fundamental research and subsequent 

22 private sector development likely will create technologies 

23 that support the work and improve the efficiency of the 

24 Federal government, and contribute significantly to the ef25 forts of the government’s mission agencies. 
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1 (7) According to various estimates, including those 

2 of the National Science Foundation, the market for 

3 nanotech products and services in the United States alone 

4 could reach over $1 trillion later this century. 

5 (8) Nanotechnology will evolve from modern advances 

6 in chemical, physical, biological, engineering, medical, and 

7 materials research, and will contribute to cross-discipli8 nary training of the 21st century science and technology 

9 workforce. 

10 (9) Mastering nanotechnology will require a unique 

11 skill set for scientists and engineers that combine chem12 istry, physics, material science, and information science. 

13 Funding in these critical areas has been flat for many 

14 years and as a result fewer young people are electing to 

15 go into these areas in graduate schools throughout the 

16 United States. This will have to reverse if we hope to de17 velop the next generation of skilled workers with multi18 disciplinary perspectives necessary for the development of 

19 nanotechnology. 

20 (10) Research on nanotechnology creates unprece21 dented capabilities to alter ourselves and our environment 

22 and will give rise to a host of novel social, ethical, philo23 sophical, and legal issues. To appropriately address these 

24 issues will require wide reflection and guidance that are 

25 responsive to the realities of the science, as well as addi-
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1 tional research to predict, understand, and alleviate antici2 pated problems.

3 (11) Nanotechnology will provide structures to enable 

4 the revolutionary concept of quantum computing, which 

5 uses quantum mechanical properties to do calculation. 

6 Quantum computing permits a small number of atoms to 

7 potentially store and process enormous amounts of infor8 mation. Just 300 interacting atoms in a quantum com9 puter could store as much information as a classical elec10 tronic computer that uses all the particles in the universe, 

11 and today’s complex encryption algorithms, which would 

12 take today’s best super computer 20 billion years, could 

13 be cracked in 30 minutes. 

14 (12) The Executive Branch has previously established 

15 a National Nanotechnology Initiative to coordinate Fed16 eral nanotechnology research and development programs. 

17 This initiative has contributed significantly to the develop18 ment of nanotechnology. Authorizing legislation can serve 

19 to establish new technology goals and research directions, 

20 improve agency coordination and oversight mechanisms, 

21 help ensure optimal returns to investment, and simplify 

22 reporting, budgeting, and planning processes for the Exec23 utive Branch and the Congress. 

24 (13) The private sector technology innovations that 

25 grow from fundamental nanotechnology research are de-
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1 pendent on a haphazard, expensive, and generally ineffi2 cient technology transition path. Strategies for accel3 erating the transition of fundamental knowledge and inno4 vations in commercial products or to support mission 

5 agencies should be explored, developed, and when appro6 priate, executed. 

7 (14) Existing data on the societal, ethical, edu8 cational, legal, and workforce implications and issues re9 lated to nanotechnology are lacking. To help decision-mak10 ers and affected parties better anticipate issues likely to 

11 arise with the onset and maturation of nanotechnology, 

12 research and studies on these issues must be conducted 

13 and disseminated. 

14 (15) Many States and regions have begun 

15 nanotechnology programs. These programs have developed 

16 expertise, particularly with regard to providing infrastruc17 ture and preparing the nanotechnology workforce. The 

18 Federal nanotechnology program should leverage these ex19 isting State and local institutions to best provide a coordi20 nated and comprehensive nanotechnology research port21 folio. 

22 (16) In ‘‘Small Wonders, Endless Frontiers’’ the Na23 tional Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council 

24 recommends increased investment in nanotechnology, par25 ticularly at the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. 
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1 Such investments will allow significant advancements in 

2 biotechnology and medicine. 

3 SEC. 3. PURPOSE. 

4 It is the purpose of this Act to authorize a coordi5 nated inter-agency program that will support long-term 

6 nanoscale research and development leading to potential 

7 breakthroughs in areas such as materials and manufac8 turing, nanoelectronics, medicine and healthcare, environ9 ment, energy, chemicals, biotechnology, agriculture, infor10 mation technology, and national and homeland security. 

11 SEC. 4. NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PRO12 GRAM. 

13 (a) NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PRO14 GRAM.—The President shall establish a National 

15 Nanotechnology Research Program. Through appropriate 

16 agencies, councils, and the National Coordination Office, 

17 the program shall—

18 (1) establish the goals, priorities, grand chal19 lenges, and metrics for evaluation for Federal 

20 nanotechnology research, development, and other ac21 tivities; 

22 (2) invest in Federal research and development 

23 programs in nanotechnology and related sciences to 

24 achieve those goals; and 
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1 (3) provide for interagency coordination of Fed2 eral nanotechnology research, development, and 

3 other activities undertaken pursuant to the program. 

4 (b) GOALS OF THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY

5 RESEARCH PROGRAM.—The goals of the program are as 

6 follows: 

7 (1) The coordination of long-term fundamental 

8 nanoscience and engineering research to build a fun9 damental understanding of matter enabling control 

10 and manipulation at the nanoscale. 

11 (2) The assurance of continued United States 

12 global leadership in nanotechnology to meet national 

13 goals and to support national economic, health, na14 tional security, educational, and scientific interests. 

15 (3) The advancement of United States produc16 tivity and industrial competitiveness through stable, 

17 consistent, and coordinated investments in long-term 

18 scientific and engineering research in 

19 nanotechnology. 

20 (4) The development of a network of shared 

21 academic facilities and technology centers, including 

22 State supported centers, that will play a critical role 

23 in accomplishing the other goals of the program, fos24 ter partnerships, and develop and utilize next gen25 eration scientific tools. 
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1 (5) The development of enabling infrastructural 

2 technologies that United States industry can use to 

3 commercialize new discoveries and innovations in 

4 nanoscience. 

5 (6) The acceleration of the deployment and 

6 transition of advanced and experimental 

7 nanotechnology and concepts into the private sector. 

8 (7) The establishment of a program designed to 

9 provide effective education and training for the next 

10 generation of researchers and professionals skilled in 

11 the multidisciplinary perspectives necessary for 

12 nanotechnology. 

13 (8) To ensure that philosophical, ethical, and 

14 other societal concerns will be considered alongside 

15 the development of nanotechnology. 

16 (c) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS.—

17 Through its participating agencies, the National 

18 Nanotechnology Research Program shall develop, fund, 

19 and manage Federal research programs in the following 

20 areas: 

21 (1) LONG-TERM FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—

22 The program shall undertake long-term basic 

23 nanoscience and engineering research that focuses 

24 on fundamental understanding and synthesis of 

25 nanometer-size building blocks with potential for 
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1 breakthroughs in areas such as materials and manu2 facturing, nanoelectronics, medicine and healthcare, 

3 environment, energy, chemical and pharmaceuticals 

4 industries, biotechnology and agriculture, computa5 tion and information technology, and national secu6 rity. Funds made available from the appropriate 

7 agencies under this paragraph shall be used—

8 (A) to provide awards of less than 

9 $1,000,000 each to single investigators and 

10 small groups to provide sustained support to in11 dividual investigators and small groups con12 ducting fundamental, innovative research; and 

13 (B) to fund fundamental research and the 

14 development of university-industry-laboratory 

15 and interagency (including State-led) partner16 ships. 

17 (2) GRAND CHALLENGES.—The program shall 

18 support grand challenges that are essential for the 

19 advancement of the field and interdisciplinary re20 search and education teams, including multidisci21 plinary nanotechnology research centers, that work 

22 on major long-term objectives. This funding area will 

23 fund, through participating agencies, interdiscipli24 nary research and education teams that aim to 
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1 achieve major, long-term objectives, such as the fol2 lowing: 

3 (A) Nanomaterials by design which are 

4 stronger, lighter, harder, self-repairing, and 

5 safer. 

6 (B) Nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and 

7 magnetics. 

8 (C) Healthcare applications. 

9 (D) Nanoscale processes and environment. 

10 (E) Energy and energy conservation. 

11 (F) Microspacecraft. 

12 (G) Bio-nanodevices for detection and miti13 gation of biothreats to humans. 

14 (H) Economical, efficient, and safe trans15 portation. 

16 (I) National and homeland security. 

17 (J) Other appropriate challenges. 

18 (3) INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOTECHNOLOGY RE19 SEARCH CENTERS.—The Program, through the ap20 propriate agencies, shall fund, on a competitive 

21 merit reviewed basis, research centers in the range 

22 of $3,000,000 to $5,000,000 per year each for 5 

23 years. A grant under this paragraph to a center may 

24 be renewed for 1 5-year term on the basis of that 

25 center’s performance, determined after a review. The 
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1 program, through its participating agencies, shall 

2 encourage research networking among centers and 

3 researchers and require access to facilities to both 

4 academia and industry. The centers shall assist in 

5 reaching other initiative priorities, including funda6 mental research, grand challenges, education, devel7 opment and utilization of specific research tools, and 

8 promoting partnerships with industry. To the great9 est extent possible, agencies participating in the pro10 gram shall establish geographically diverse centers 

11 including at least one center in a State participating 

12 in the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Experi13 mental Program, to Stimulate Competitive Research 

14 (EPSCoR), established under section 113 of the 

15 NSF Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862(g)) 

16 and shall encourage the participation of minority 

17 serving institutions at these centers. 

18 (4) RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE.—The pro19 gram, through its participating agencies, shall en20 sure adequate research infrastructure and equipment 

21 for rapid progress on program goals, including the 

22 employment of underutilized manufacturing facilities 

23 in areas of high unemployment as production engi24 neering and research testbeds for micron-scale tech25 nologies. Major research equipment and instrumen-
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1 tation shall be an eligible funding purpose under the 

2 program. 

3 (5) SOCIETAL, ETHICAL, EDUCATIONAL, LEGAL, 

4 AND WORKFORCE ISSUES RELATED TO

5 NANOTECHNOLOGY.—The Director of the National 

6 Science Foundation shall establish a new Center for 

7 Societal, Ethical, Educational, Legal, and Workforce 

8 Issues Related to Nanotechnology at $5,000,000 per 

9 year to encourage, conduct, coordinate, commission, 

10 collect, and disseminate research on the societal, eth11 ical, educational, legal, and workforce issues related 

12 to nanotechnology. The Center shall also conduct 

13 studies and provide input and assistance to the Di14 rector of the National Science Foundation in com15 pleting the annual report required under paragraph 

16 7(b)(3) of this Act. 

17 (6) TRANSITION OF TECHNOLOGY.—The pro18 gram, through its participating agencies, shall en19 sure cooperation and collaboration with United 

20 States industry in all relevant research efforts and 

21 develop mechanisms to assure prompt technology 

22 transition. 

23 (7) GAP FUNDING.—The program shall address 

24 research areas identified by the Council under sec25 tion 5(a)(9) of this Act through a program of com-
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1 petitive grants to be awarded in such areas by the 

2 Director of the National Science Foundation using 

3 the Foundation’s funds and any funds contributed 

4 to the Foundation by other participating agencies 

5 for this purpose. Such grants may be made to gov6 ernment or non-government awardees. Where appro7 priate, such grants may encourage interagency part8 nerships or leverage the expertise of State-supported 

9 nanotechnology programs. 

10 SEC. 5. PROGRAM COORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—The National Science and Tech12 nology Council shall oversee the planning, management, 

13 and coordination of the Federal nanotechnology research 

14 and development program. The Council, itself or through 

15 an appropriate subgroup it designates or establishes, 

16 shall— 

17 (1) establish a set of broad applications of 

18 nanotechnology research and development, or grand 

19 challenges, to be met by the results and activities of 

20 the program, based on national needs; 

21 (2) submit to the Congress through the Senate 

22 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor23 tation, and the House of Representatives Committee 

24 on Science, an annual report, along with the Presi-
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1 dent’s annual budget request, describing the imple2 mentation of the program under section 4; 

3 (3) provide for interagency coordination of the 

4 program, including with the Department of Defense; 

5 (4) coordinate the budget requests of each of 

6 the agencies involved in the program with the Office 

7 of Management and Budget to ensure that a bal8 anced research portfolio is maintained in order to 

9 ensure the appropriate level of research effort; 

10 (5) provide guidance each year to the partici11 pating departments and agencies concerning the 

12 preparation of appropriations requests for activities 

13 related to the program; 

14 (6) consult with academic, industry, State and 

15 local government (including State and regional 

16 nanotechnology programs), and other appropriate 

17 groups conducting research on and using 

18 nanotechnology; 

19 (7) establish an Information Services and Ap20 plications Council to promote access to and early ap21 plication of the technologies, innovations, and exper22 tise derived from nanotechnology research and devel23 opment program activities to agency missions and 

24 systems across the Federal government, and to 

25 United States industry; 
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1 (8) in cooperation with the Advisory Panel es2 tablished under subsection (b), develop and apply 

3 measurements using appropriate metrics for evalu4 ating program performance and progress toward 

5 goals; and 

6 (9) identify research areas which are not being 

7 adequately addressed by the agencies’ current re8 search programs. 

9 (b) PRESIDENT’S NANOTECHNOLOGY ADVISORY

10 PANEL.—

11 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall es12 tablish a National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel. 

13 (2) SELECTION PROCEDURES.—The President 

14 shall establish procedures for the selection of individ15 uals not employed by the Federal government who 

16 are qualified in the science of nanotechnology and 

17 other appropriate fields and may, pursuant to such 

18 procedures, select up to 20 individuals, one of whom 

19 shall be designated Chairman, to serve on the Advi20 sory Panel. Selection of individuals for the Advisory 

21 Panel shall be based solely on established records of 

22 distinguished fundamental and applied scientific 

23 service, and the panel shall contain a reasonable 

24 cross-section of views and expertise, including those 

25 regarding the societal, ethical, educational, legal, 
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1 and workforce issues related to nanotechnology. In 

2 selecting individuals to serve on the Advisory Panel, 

3 the President shall seek and give due consideration 

4 to recommendations from the Congress, industry, 

5 the scientific community (including the National 

6 Academy of Sciences), scientific professional soci7 eties, academia, the defense community, the edu8 cation community, State and local governments, and 

9 other appropriate organizations. 

10 (3) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Panel shall meet 

11 no less than twice annually, at such times and places 

12 as may be designated by the Chairman in consulta13 tion with the National Nanotechnology Coordination 

14 Office established under subsection 5(c) of this Act. 

15 (4) DUTIES.—The Advisory Panel shall advise 

16 the President and the National Science and Tech17 nology Council, and inform the Congress, on matters 

18 relating to the National Nanotechnology Program, 

19 including goals, roles, and objectives within the pro20 gram, its capabilities and research needs, guidance 

21 on achieving major objectives, and establishing and 

22 measuring performance goals using appropriate 

23 metrics. The Advisory Panel shall issue an annual 

24 report, containing the information required by sub25 section (d) of this section, to the President, the 
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1 Council, the heads of each agency involved in the 

2 program, the Senate Committee on Commerce, 

3 Science, and Transportation, and the House of Rep4 resentatives Committee on Science, on or before Sep5 tember 30 of each year. 

6 (c) NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY COORDINATION

7 OFFICE.—The President shall establish a National 

8 Nanotechnology Coordination Office, with full-time staff, 

9 to provide day-to-day technical and administrative support 

10 to the Council and the Advisory Panel, and to be the point 

11 of contact on Federal nanotechnology activities for govern12 ment organizations, academia, industry, professional soci13 eties, State nanotechnology programs, and others to ex14 change technical and programmatic information. The Of15 fice shall promote full coordination of research efforts be16 tween agencies, scientific disciplines, and United States in17 dustry. 

18 (d) PROGRAM PLANS AND REPORTS.—

19 (1) ANNUAL EVALUATION OF NANOTECHNOL20 OGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.—The re21 port by the Advisory Panel, required pursuant to 

22 subsection (b)(4), shall include—

23 (A) a review of the program’s technical 

24 success in achieving the stated goals and grand 
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1 challenges according to the metrics established 

2 by the program and Advisory Panel; 

3 (B) a review of the program’s management 

4 and coordination; 

5 (C) a review of the funding levels by each 

6 agency for the program’s activities and their 

7 ability to achieve the program’s stated goals 

8 and grand challenges; 

9 (D) a review of the balance in the pro10 gram’s portfolio and components across agen11 cies and disciplines; 

12 (E) an assessment of the degree of partici13 pation in the program by minority serving insti14 tutions and institutions located in States par15 ticipating in NSF’s EPSCoR program; 

16 (F) a review of policy issues resulting from 

17 advancements in nanotechnology and its effects 

18 on the scientific enterprise, commerce, work19 force, competitiveness, national security, medi20 cine, and government operations; 

21 (G) recommendations for new program 

22 goals and grand challenges; 

23 (H) recommendations for new research 

24 areas, partnerships, coordination and manage25 ment mechanisms, or programs to be estab-
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1 lished to achieve the program’s stated goals and 

2 grand challenges; 

3 (I) recommendations for new investments 

4 by each participating agency in each program 

5 funding area for the 5-year period following the 

6 delivery of the report; 

7 (J) reviews and recommendations regard8 ing other issues deemed pertinent or specified 

9 by the panel; and 

10 (K) a technology transition study which in11 cludes an evaluation of the Federal 

12 nanotechnology research and development pro13 gram’s success in transitioning its research, 

14 technologies, and concepts into commercial and 

15 military products, including—

16 (i) examples of successful transition of 

17 research, technologies, and concepts from 

18 the Federal nanotechnology research and 

19 development program into commercial and 

20 military products; 

21 (ii) best practices of universities, gov22 ernment, and industry in promoting effi23 cient and rapid technology transition in the 

24 nanotechnology sector; 
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1 (iii) barriers to efficient technology 

2 transition in the nanotechnology sector, in3 cluding, but not limited to, standards, pace 

4 of technological change, qualification and 

5 testing of research products, intellectual 

6 property issues, and Federal funding; and 

7 (iv) recommendations for government 

8 sponsored activities to promote rapid tech9 nology transition in the nanotechnology 

10 sector. 

11 (2) OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET RE12 VIEW.—

13 (A) BUDGET REQUEST REVIEW.—Each 

14 Federal agency and department participating in 

15 the program shall, as part of its annual request 

16 for appropriations, submit information to the 

17 Office of Management and Budget including—

18 (i) each element of its nanotechnology 

19 research and development activities that 

20 contributes directly to the program or ben21 efits from the program; 

22 (ii) the portion of its request for ap23 propriations that is allocated to each such 

24 element; and 
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1 (iii) the portion of its request for ap2 propriations that is allocated to each pro3 gram funding area. 

4 (B) OMB REVIEW AND ALLOCATION

5 STATEMENT.—The Office of Management and 

6 Budget shall review the information provided 

7 under subparagraph (A) in light of the goals, 

8 priorities, grand challenges, and agency and de9 partmental responsibilities set forth in the an10 nual report of the Council under paragraph (3), 

11 and shall include in the President’s annual 

12 budget estimate, a statement delineating the 

13 amount and portion of each appropriate agen14 cy’s or department’s annual budget estimate re15 lating to its activities undertaken pursuant to 

16 the program. 

17 (3) ANNUAL NSTC REPORT TO CONGRESS ON

18 THE NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

19 PROGRAM.—The National Science and Technology 

20 Council shall submit an annual report to the Con21 gress that—

22 (A) includes a detailed description of the 

23 goals, grand challenges, and program funding 

24 areas established by the President for the pro25 gram; 
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1 (B) sets forth the relevant programs and 

2 activities, for the fiscal year with respect to 

3 which the budget submission applies, of each 

4 Federal agency and department, participating 

5 in the program, as well as such other agencies 

6 and departments as the President or the Direc7 tor considers appropriate; 

8 (C) describes the levels of Federal funding 

9 for the fiscal year during which such report is 

10 submitted, and the levels proposed for the fiscal 

11 year with respect to which the budget submis12 sion applies, for each of the program funding 

13 areas of the program; 

14 (D) describes the levels of Federal funding 

15 for each agency and department participating 

16 in the program and each program funding area 

17 for the fiscal year during which such report is 

18 submitted, and the levels proposed for the fiscal 

19 year with respect to which the budget submis20 sion applies, and compare these levels to the 

21 most recent recommendations of the Advisory 

22 Panel and the external review of the program; 

23 (E) describes coordination and partnership 

24 activities with State, local, international, and 

25 private sector efforts in nanotechnology re-
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1 search and development, and how they support 

2 the goals of the program; 

3 (F) describes mechanisms and efforts used 

4 by the program to assist in the transition of in5 novative concepts and technologies from Feder6 ally funded programs into the commercial sec7 tor, and successes in these transition activities; 

8 (G) describes coordination between the 

9 military and civilian portions, as well as the life 

10 science and non-life science portions, of the pro11 gram in technology development, supporting the 

12 goals of the program, and supporting the mis13 sion needs of the departments and agencies in14 volved; 

15 (H) analyzes the progress made toward 

16 achieving the goals, priorities, and grand chal17 lenges designated for the program according to 

18 the metrics established by the program and the 

19 Advisory Panel; and 

20 (I) recommends new mechanisms of coordi21 nation, program funding areas, partnerships, or 

22 activities necessary to achieve the goals, prior23 ities, and grand challenges established for the 

24 program. 
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1 (4) TRIENNIAL EXTERNAL REVIEW OF

2 NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

3 PROGRAM.—

4 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 

5 National Science Foundation shall enter into an 

6 arrangement with the National Research Coun7 cil of the National Academy of Sciences to con8 duct a triennial evaluation of the Federal 

9 nanotechnology research and development pro10 gram, including—

11 (i) a review of the technical success of 

12 the program in achieving the stated goals 

13 and grand challenges under the metrics es14 tablished by the program and the 

15 nanotechnology Advisory Panel, and under 

16 other appropriate measurements;

17 (ii) a review of the program’s manage18 ment and coordination across agencies and 

19 disciplines; 

20 (iii) a review of the funding levels by 

21 each agency for the program’s activities 

22 and their ability with such funding to 

23 achieve the program’s stated goals and 

24 grand challenges; 
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1 (iv) recommendations for new or re2 vised program goals and grand challenges; 

3 (v) recommendations for new research 

4 areas, partnerships, coordination and man5 agement mechanisms, or programs to be 

6 established to achieve the program’s stated 

7 goals and grand challenges; 

8 (vi) recommendations for investment 

9 levels in light of goals by each partici10 pating agency in each program funding 

11 area for the 5-year period following the de12 livery of the report; 

13 (vii) recommendations on policy, pro14 gram, and budget changes with respect to 

15 nanotechnology research and development 

16 activities; 

17 (viii) recommendations for improved 

18 metrics to evaluate the success of the pro19 gram in accomplishing its stated goals; 

20 (ix) a review of the performance of 

21 the Information Services and Applications 

22 Council and its efforts to promote access 

23 to and early application of the tech24 nologies, innovations, and expertise derived 

25 from program activities to agency missions 
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1 and systems across the Federal govern2 ment and to United States industry; and 

3 (x) an analysis of the relative position 

4 of the United States compared to other na5 tions with respect to nanotechnology re6 search and development, including the 

7 identification of any critical research areas 

8 where the United States should be the 

9 world leader to best achieve the goals of 

10 the program. 

11 (B) EVALUATION TO BE TRANSMITTED TO

12 CONGRESS.—The Director of the National 

13 Science Foundation shall transmit the results of 

14 any evaluation for which it made arrangements 

15 under subparagraph (A) to the Senate Com16 mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor17 tation and the House of Representatives Com18 mittee on Science upon receipt. The first such 

19 evaluation shall be transmitted no later than 

20 June 10, 2005, with subsequent evaluations 

21 transmitted to the Committees every 3 years 

22 thereafter. 

23 SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

24 (a) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.— 
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1 (1) GENERAL AUTHORIZATION.—There are au2 thorized to be appropriated to the Director of the 

3 National Science Foundation to carry out the Direc4 tor’s responsibilities under this Act $346,150,000 

5 for fiscal year 2004. 

6 (2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—

7 (A) INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOTECHNOL8 OGY RESEARCH CENTERS.—Of the amounts de9 scribed in paragraph (1), $50,000,000 for fiscal 

10 year 2004, shall be available for grants of up to 

11 $5,000,000 each for multidisciplinary 

12 nanotechnology research centers. 

13 (B) CENTER FOR SOCIETAL, ETHICAL, 

14 EDUCATIONAL, LEGAL, AND WORKFORCE

15 ISSUES RELATED TO NANOTECHNOLOGY.—Of 

16 the sums authorized for the National Science 

17 Foundation each fiscal year, $5,000,000 shall 

18 be used to establish a university-based Center 

19 for Societal, Ethical, Educational, Legal, and 

20 Workforce Issues Related to Nanotechnology. 

21 (C) NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY COORDI22 NATION OFFICE.—Of the sums authorized for 

23 the National Science Foundation each fiscal 

24 year, $5,000,000 shall be used for the activities 

25 of the Nanotechnology Coordination Office. 
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1 (D) GAP FUNDING.—Of the sums author2 ized for the National Science Foundation each 

3 fiscal year, $5,000,000 shall be for use in com4 petitive grants as described in section 4(c)(7) of 

5 this Act. 

6 (b) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—There are author7 ized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry 

8 out the Secretary’s responsibilities under this Act 

9 $160,195,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

10 (c) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS11 TRATION.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the 

12 Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad13 ministration to carry out the Administrator’s responsibil14 ities under this Act $58,650,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

15 (d) NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.—There are 

16 authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the Na17 tional Institutes to carry out the Director’s responsibilities 

18 under this Act $49,680,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

19 (e) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND

20 TECHNOLOGY.—There are authorized to be appropriated 

21 to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

22 Technology to carry out the Director’s responsibilities 

23 under this Act $50,600,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

24 (f) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY.—There 

25 are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of 
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1 the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out the Ad2 ministrator’s responsibilities under this Act $5,750,000 

3 for fiscal year 2004. 

4 (g) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.—There are author5 ized to be appropriated to the Director of the National

6 Institute of Justice to carry out the Director’s responsibil7 ities under this Act $1,610,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

8 (h) DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.—There are 

9 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Trans10 portation to carry out the Secretary’s responsibilities 

11 under this Act $2,300,000 for fiscal year 2004. 

12 (i) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—There are au13 thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture 

14 to carry out the Secretary’s responsibilities under this Act 

15 $2,870,000 for fiscal year 2004.

16 SEC. 7. SOCIETAL, ETHICAL, EDUCATIONAL, LEGAL, AND 

17 WORKFORCE ISSUES RELATED TO 

18 NANOTECHNOLOGY. 

19 (a) STUDIES.—The Director of the National Science 

20 Foundation shall encourage, conduct, coordinate, commis21 sion, collect, and disseminate studies on the societal, eth22 ical, educational, and workforce implications of 

23 nanotechnology through the Center for Societal, Ethical, 

24 Educational, Legal, and Workforce Issues established 

25 under section 4(c)(5). The studies shall identify antici-
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1 pated issues and problems, as well as provide rec2 ommendations for preventing or addressing such issues 

3 and problems. 

4 (b) DATA COLLECTION.—The Director of the Na5 tional Science Foundation shall collect data on the size 

6 of the anticipated nanotechnology workforce need by de7 tailed occupation, industry, and firm characteristics, and 

8 assess the adequacy of the trained talent pool in the 

9 United States to fill such workforce needs. 

10 (c) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Director of the National 

11 Science Foundation shall compile the studies required by 

12 paragraph (2) and, with the assistance of the Center for 

13 Societal, Ethical, Educational, Legal, and Workforce 

14 Issues Related to Nanotechnology established under sec15 tion 4(c)(5) of this Act, shall complete a report that in16 cludes a description of the Center’s activities, which shall 

17 be submitted to the President, the Council, the Senate 

18 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 

19 and the House of Representatives Committee on Science 

20 not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 

21 this Act. 

22 SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 

23 In this Act: 
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1 (1) ADVISORY PANEL.—The term ‘‘Advisory 

2 Panel’’ means the President’s National 

3 Nanotechnology Panel. 

4 (2) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The term 

5 ‘‘fundamental research’’ means research that builds 

6 a fundamental understanding and leads to discov7 eries of the phenomena, processes, and tools nec8 essary to control and manipulate matter at the 

9 nanoscale. 

10 (3) GRAND CHALLENGE.—The term ‘‘grand 

11 challenge’’ means a fundamental problem in science 

12 or engineering, with broad economic and scientific 

13 impact, whose solution will require the application of 

14 nanotechnology. 

15 (4) INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOTECHNOLOGY RE16 SEARCH CENTER.—The term ‘‘interdisciplinary 

17 nanotechnology research center’’ means a group of 6 

18 or more researchers collaborating across scientific 

19 and engineering disciplines on large-scale long-term 

20 research projects that will significantly advance the 

21 science supporting the development of 

22 nanotechnology or the use of nanotechnology in ad23 dressing scientific issues of national importance, 

24 consistent with the goals set forth in section 4(b). 
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1 (5) NANOTECHNOLOGY.—The term 

2 ‘‘nanotechnology’’ means the ability to work at the 

3 molecular level, atom-by-atom, to create large struc4 tures with fundamentally new molecular organiza5 tion. 

6 (6) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means 

7 the national nanotechnology research program estab8 lished under section 4.

9 (7) RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 

10 ‘‘research infrastructure’’ means the measurement 

11 science, instrumentation, modeling and simulation, 

12 and user facilities needed to develop a flexible and 

13 enabling infrastructure so that United States indus14 try can rapidly commercialize new discoveries in 

15 nanotechnology.

16 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

17 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘21st Century 

18 Nanotechnology Research and Development Act’’. 

19 SEC. 2. NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. 

20 (a) NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.—The 

21 President shall implement a National Nanotechnology Pro22 gram. Through appropriate agencies, councils, and the Na23 tional Nanotechnology Coordination Office established in 

24 subsection (d), the Program shall—
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1 (1) Establish the goals, priorities, grand chal2 lenges, and metrics for evaluation for Federal 

3 nanotechnology research, development, and other ac4 tivities; 

5 (2) Invest in Federal research and development 

6 programs in nanotechnology and related sciences to 

7 achieve those goals; and 

8 (3) Provide for interagency coordination of Fed9 eral nanotechnology research, development, and other 

10 activities undertaken pursuant to the Program. 

11 (b) GOALS.—The goals of the National Nanotechnology 

12 Program shall include: 

13 (1) Developing a fundamental understanding of 

14 matter that enables control and manipulation at the 

15 nanoscale. 

16 (2) Ensuring United States global leadership in 

17 the development and application of nanotechnology. 

18 (3) Advancing the United States productivity 

19 and industrial competitiveness through stable, con20 sistent, and coordinated investments in long-term sci21 entific and engineering research in nanotechnology. 

22 (4) Developing a network of shared facilities and 

23 centers to foster partnerships among researchers in 

24 nanotechnology. 
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1 (5) Accelerating the deployment and application 

2 in the private sector, including startup companies, of 

3 nanoscale-related research and development. 

4 (6) Providing effective education and training 

5 for researchers and professionals skilled in the multi6 disciplinary perspectives necessary for nanotechnology 

7 so that a true interdisciplinary research culture for 

8 nanoscale science, engineering, and technology can 

9 emerge. 

10 (7) Ensuring that ethical, legal, environmental, 

11 and other appropriate societal concerns are considered 

12 during the development of nanotechnology, including 

13 safer sustainable nanoscience products and processing. 

14 (c) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.—The National Science 

15 and Technology Council shall oversee the planning, man16 agement, and coordination of the National Nanotechnology 

17 Program. The Council, itself or through an appropriate 

18 subgroup it designates or establishes, shall— 

19 (1) establish a set of broad applications of 

20 nanotechnology research and development, or grand 

21 challenges, to be met by the results and activities of 

22 the Program, based on national needs; 

23 (2) provide for interagency coordination of the 

24 Program, including with the activities of the Defense 

25 Nanotechnology Research and Development Program 
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1 established under section 246 of the Bob Stump Na2 tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 

3 (Public Law 107–314); 

4 (3) develop, within 12 months after the date of 

5 enactment of this Act, and update every 4 years there6 after, a strategic plan to meet the goals and priorities 

7 established under subsection (b) and to guide the ac8 tivities and anticipated outcomes of the participating 

9 agencies, including a description of how the Program 

10 will move results out of the laboratory and into appli11 cation for the benefit of society, support for long-term 

12 funding for multidisciplinary research and develop13 ment in technology, and dedication of funding for 

14 interagency nanotechnology projects; 

15 (4) coordinate the budget requests of each of the 

16 agencies involved in the Program with the Office of 

17 Management and Budget to ensure that a balanced 

18 nanotechnology research portfolio is maintained in 

19 order to ensure the appropriate level of research effort; 

20 (5) exchange information with academic, indus21 try, State and local government (including State and 

22 regional nanotechnology programs), and other appro23 priate groups conducting research on and using 

24 nanotechnology; 
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1 (6) develop a plan to utilize Federal programs, 

2 such as the Small Business Innovation Research Pro3 gram and the Small Business Technology Transfer 

4 Research Program, in support of the goal stated in 

5 subsection (b)(5); 

6 (7) identify research areas that are not being 

7 adequately addressed by the agencies’ current research 

8 programs; 

9 (8) encourage progress on Program goals through 

10 the utilization of existing manufacturing facilities 

11 and industrial infrastructures such as, but not lim12 ited to, the employment of underutilized manufac13 turing facilities in areas of high unemployment as 

14 production engineering and research testbeds; and 

15 (9) provide for, on a merit-reviewed, competitive 

16 basis, interdisciplinary nanotechnology research cen17 ters, which to the greatest extent possible, shall be es18 tablished in geographically diverse centers including 

19 at least one center in a State participating in the Na20 tional Science Foundation’s (NSF) Experimental 

21 Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 

22 (EPSCoR), established under section 113 of the NSF 

23 Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862(g)) and 

24 shall encourage the participation of minority serving 

25 institutions at these centers. 
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1 (d) PROGRAM COORDINATION.—The President shall es2 tablish a National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, 

3 with full-time staff, which shall— 

4 (1) provide technical and administrative support 

5 to the Council and the Advisory Panel; 

6 (2) serve as the point of contact on Federal 

7 nanotechnology activities for government organiza8 tions, academia, industry, professional societies, State

9 nanotechnology programs, interested citizen groups, 

10 and others to exchange technical and programmatic 

11 information; 

12 (3) conduct public outreach, including dissemi13 nation of findings and recommendations of the Advi14 sory Panel, as appropriate; and 

15 (4) establish an office to promote access to and 

16 early application of the technologies, innovations, and 

17 expertise derived from Program activities to agency 

18 missions and systems across the Federal Government, 

19 and to United States industry, including startup 

20 companies. 

21 (e) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Council shall prepare an 

22 annual report, to be submitted to the House of Representa23 tives Committee on Science and the Senate Committee on 

24 Commerce, Science, and Transportation at the time of the 

25 President’s budget request to Congress, that includes— 
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1 (1) the Program budget, for the current fiscal 

2 year, for each agency that participates in the Pro3 gram, including a breakout of spending for the devel4 opment and acquisition of research facilities and in5 strumentation, for each program component area, and 

6 for all activities pursuant to subsection (b)(7), which 

7 shall be submitted by December 31st of such year; 

8 (2) the proposed Program budget for the next fis9 cal year, for each agency that participates in the Pro10 gram, including a breakout of spending for the devel11 opment and acquisition of research facilities and in12 strumentation, for each program component area, and 

13 for all activities pursuant to subsection (b)(7); 

14 (3) an analysis of the progress made toward 

15 achieving the goals and priorities established for the 

16 Program; 

17 (4) an analysis of the extent to which the Pro18 gram has incorporated the recommendations of the 

19 Advisory Panel and the Center, established in section 

20 7 of this Act; and 

21 (5) an assessment of how Federal agencies are 

22 implementing the plan described in section (c)(7), 

23 and a description of the amount of Small Business 

24 Innovative Research and Small Business Technology 

25 Transfer Research funds supporting the plan. 
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1 SEC. 3. ADVISORY PANEL. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall establish or des3 ignate a National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel. 

4 (b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Panel established or des5 ignated by the President under subsection (a) shall consist 

6 primarily of individuals who are non-Federal members and 

7 shall include representatives of academia and industry. 

8 Members of such Panel shall be qualified to provide advice 

9 and information on nanotechnology research, development, 

10 demonstrations, education, technology transfer, commercial 

11 application, or societal and ethical concerns. In selecting 

12 or designating an Advisory Panel, the President may also 

13 seek and give consideration to recommendations from the 

14 Congress, industry, the scientific community (including the 

15 National Academy of Sciences), scientific professional soci16 eties, academia, the defense community, State and local 

17 governments, regional nanotechnology programs, and other 

18 appropriate organizations. 

19 (c) DUTIES.—The Panel shall advise the President and 

20 the Council on matters relating to the Program, including 

21 assessing—

22 (1) trends and developments in nanotechnology 

23 science and engineering; 

24 (2) progress made in implementing the Program; 

25 (3) the need to revise the Program; 
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1 (4) the balance among the components of the 

2 Program, including funding levels for the program 

3 component areas; 

4 (5) whether the Program component areas, prior5 ities, and technical goals developed by the Council are 

6 helping to maintain United States leadership in 

7 nanotechnology; 

8 (6) the management, coordination, implementa9 tion, and activities of the Program; and 

10 (7) whether societal, ethical, environmental, and 

11 workforce concerns are adequately addressed by the 

12 Program. 

13 (d) REPORTS.—The Advisory Panel shall report, not 

14 less frequently than once every 2 fiscal years, to the Presi15 dent, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

16 Technology, and the House of Representatives Committee on 

17 Science on its assessments under subsection (c) and its rec18 ommendations for ways to improve the Program. The first 

19 report under this subsection shall be submitted within 1 

20 year after the date of enactment of this Act. 

21 (e) TRAVEL EXPENSES OF NON-FEDERAL MEM22 BERS.—Non-Federal members of the Panel, while attending 

23 meetings of the Panel or while otherwise serving at the re24 quest of the head of the Panel away from their homes or 

25 regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, 
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1 including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by 

2 section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for individuals 

3 in the Government serving without pay. Nothing in this 

4 subsection shall be construed to prohibit members of the 

5 Panel who are officers or employees of the United States 

6 from being allowed travel expenses, including per diem in 

7 lieu of subsistence, in accordance with existing law. 

8 SEC. 4. TRIENNIAL EXTERNAL REVIEW OF NANOTECH9 NOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRO10 GRAM. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

12 Science Foundation shall enter into an arrangement with 

13 the National Research Council of the National Academy of 

14 Sciences to conduct a triennial evaluation of the National 

15 Nanotechnology Program, including— 

16 (1) a review of the technical success of the Pro17 gram in achieving the stated goals under the metrics 

18 established by the Program and the Advisory Panel, 

19 and under other appropriate measurements; 

20 (2) a review of the Program’s management and 

21 coordination across agencies and disciplines; 

22 (3) a review of the funding levels by each agency 

23 for the Program’s activities and their ability with 

24 such funding to achieve the Program’s stated goals; 
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1 (4) recommendations for new or revised Program 

2 goals; 

3 (5) recommendations for new research areas, 

4 partnerships, coordination and management mecha5 nisms, or programs to be established to achieve the 

6 Program’s stated goals; 

7 (6) recommendations for investment levels by 

8 each participating agency in each Program funding

9 area for the 5-year period following the delivery of 

10 the report; 

11 (7) recommendations on policy, program, and 

12 budget changes with respect to nanotechnology re13 search and development activities; 

14 (8) recommendations for improved metrics to 

15 evaluate the success of the Program in accomplishing 

16 its stated goals; 

17 (9) a review of the performance of the National 

18 Nanotechnology Coordination Office and its efforts to 

19 promote access to and early application of the tech20 nologies, innovations, and expertise derived from pro21 gram activities to agency missions and systems across 

22 the Federal Government and to United States indus23 try; and 

24 (10) an analysis of the relative position of the 

25 United States compared to other nations with respect 
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1 to nanotechnology research and development, includ2 ing the identification of any critical research areas 

3 where the United States should be the world leader to 

4 best achieve the goals of the Program. 

5 (b) EVALUATION TO BE TRANSMITTED TO CON6 GRESS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation 

7 shall transmit the results of any evaluation for which it 

8 made arrangements under subsection (a) to the Advisory 

9 Panel, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

10 Transportation and the House of Representatives Com11 mittee on Science upon receipt. The first such evaluation 

12 shall be transmitted no later than June 10, 2005, with sub13 sequent evaluations transmitted to the Committees every 3 

14 years thereafter. 

15 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

16 (a) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap18 propriated to the Director of the National Science 

19 Foundation to carry out the Director’s responsibilities 

20 under this Act—

21 (A) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

22 (B) $385,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

23 (C) $424,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

24 (D) $449,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

25 (E) $476,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
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1 (2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.— 

2 (A) INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOTECHNOLOGY

3 RESEARCH CENTERS.—Of the amounts author4 ized by paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, 

5 $50,000,000 for each fiscal year shall be avail6 able for grants of up to $5,000,000 each for mul7 tidisciplinary nanotechnology research centers. 

8 (B) AMERICAN NANOTECHNOLOGY PRE9 PAREDNESS CENTER.—Of the amounts author10 ized by paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, 

11 $5,000,000 shall be used to establish and main12 tain a university-based American Nanotech13 nology Preparedness Center. 

14 (C) NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY COORDI15 NATION OFFICE.— Of the sums authorized by 

16 paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, $5,000,000 

17 shall be used for the activities of the 

18 Nanotechnology Coordination Office. 

19 (D) MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR

20 NANOMATERIALS.—Of the sums authorized by 

21 paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, $5,000,000 

22 shall be used for the activities of the Center for 

23 Nanomaterials Manufacturing. 

24 (b) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—
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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap2 propriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out the 

3 Secretary’s responsibilities under this Act—

4 (A) $265,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

5 (B) $292,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

6 (C) $321,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

7 (D) $340,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

8 (E) $360,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

9 (2) ALLOCATION.—Of the sums authorized by 

10 paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, $25,000,000 shall 

11 be used on a merit-reviewed and competitive basis to 

12 support consortia that integrate newly developed 

13 nanotechnology and microfluidic tools with systems 

14 biology, immunology, and molecular imaging, of 

15 which at least 1 such consortium shall be provided 

16 with at least $10,000,000 for each fiscal year. 

17 (c) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRA18 TION.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Ad19 ministrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin20 istration to carry out the Administrator’s responsibilities 

21 under this Act—

22 (1) $31,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

23 (2) $34,100,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

24 (3) $37,500,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

25 (4) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 
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1 (5) $42,300,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

2 (d) NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.—There are 

3 authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the Na4 tional Institutes to carry out the Director’s responsibilities 

5 under this Act— 

6 (1) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

7 (2) $77,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

8 (3) $85,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

9 (4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

10 (5) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

11 (e) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH12 NOLOGY.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the 

13 Director of the National Institute of Standards and Tech14 nology to carry out the Director’s responsibilities under this 

15 Act— 

16 (1) $62,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

17 (2) $68,200,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

18 (3) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

19 (4) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

20 (5) $84,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

21 (f) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY.—There are 

22 authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the 

23 Environmental Protection Agency to carry out the Admin24 istrator’s responsibilities under this Act— 

25 (1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 
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1 (2) $5,500,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

2 (3) $6,050,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

3 (4) $6,413,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

4 (5) $6,800,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

5 (g) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.—There are authorized 

6 to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute 

7 of Justice to carry out the Director’s responsibilities under 

8 this Act—

9 (1) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

10 (2) $1,100,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

11 (3) $1,210,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

12 (4) $1,283,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

13 (5) $1,360,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

14 (h) DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.—There 

15 are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Home16 land Security to carry out the Secretary’s responsibilities 

17 under this Act—

18 (1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

19 (2) $2,200,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

20 (3) $2,420,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

21 (4) $2,570,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

22 (5) $2,720,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

23 (i) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—There are au24 thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture 
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1 to carry out the Secretary’s responsibilities under this 

2 Act—

3 (1) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; 

4 (2) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; 

5 (3) $12,100,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

6 (4) $12,830,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 

7 (5) $13,600,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

8 SEC. 6. AMERICAN NANOTECHNOLOGY PREPAREDNESS 

9 CENTER. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

11 Science Foundation shall, on a merit-reviewed and competi12 tive basis, establish a new American Nanotechnology Pre13 paredness Center to encourage, conduct, coordinate, com14 mission, collect, and disseminate research on the edu15 cational, legal, workforce, societal, and ethical issues related 

16 to nanotechnology. 

17 (b) STUDIES.—The Director of the National Science 

18 Foundation, through the Center, shall conduct, coordinate, 

19 commission, collect, and disseminate studies on the edu20 cational, legal, workforce, societal, and ethical implications 

21 of nanotechnology. The studies shall identify anticipated 

22 issues and problems, as well as provide recommendations 

23 for preventing or addressing such issues and problems. 

24 (c) WORKFORCE DATA.—The Director of the National 

25 Science Foundation shall collect data on the size of the an-
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1 ticipated nanotechnology workforce need by detailed occupa2 tion, industry, and firm characteristics, and assess the ade3 quacy of the trained talent pool in the United States to 

4 fill such workforce needs. 

5 (d) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Director of the National 

6 Science Foundation shall compile the studies required by 

7 paragraph (b) and, with the assistance of the Center, shall 

8 complete a report that includes a description of the Center’s 

9 activities, which shall be submitted to the President, the 

10 Council, the Advisory Panel, the Senate Committee on Com11 merce, Science, and Transportation, and the House of Rep12 resentatives Committee on Science not later than 18 months 

13 after the date of enactment of this Act. 

14 SEC. 7. COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUES RELATED TO NANO15 SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Insti17 tute of Standards and Technology shall establish a center 

18 within NIST’s Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory for 

19 issues relating to the commercialization of nanoscience and 

20 nanotechnology research. The program shall—

21 (1) conduct basic research on issues related to the 

22 development and manufacture of nanotechnology in23 cluding—

24 (A) metrology; 

25 (B) reliability and quality assurance; 
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1 (C) processes control; and 

2 (D) manufacturing best practices; and 

3 (2) in consultation with the National Technical 

4 Information Service and the National Nanotechnology 

5 Coordination Office, act as a clearinghouse for infor6 mation related to commercialization of nanoscience 

7 and nanotechnology research, including—

8 (A) information relating activities by re9 gional, state, and local commercial nanotech10 nology initiatives; 

11 (B) transition of research, technologies, and 

12 concepts from Federal nanotechnology research 

13 and development programs into commercial and 

14 military products; 

15 (C) best practices by government, university 

16 and private sector laboratories transitioning 

17 technology to commercial use; 

18 (D) examples of ways to overcome barriers 

19 and challenges to technology deployment; and 

20 (E) use of existing manufacturing infra21 structure and workforce. 

22 (b) USE OF MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PARTNER23 SHIP PROGRAM.—The Director of the National Institute of 

24 Standards and Technology shall utilize the manufacturing 
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1 extension partnership program to the extent possible to 

2 reach small and medium sized manufacturing companies. 

3 (c) MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR

4 NANOMATERIALS.—The Director of the National Science 

5 Foundation shall establish, on a merit-reviewed, competi6 tive basis, a new Center for Nanomaterials Manufacturing 

7 to encourage the development and transfer of technologies 

8 for the manufacture of nanomaterials. The Center will en9 courage, conduct, coordinate, commission, collect, and dis10 seminate research on new manufacturing technologies for 

11 materials with unprecedented combinations of strength, 

12 toughness, lightness, flame resistance, and membrane sepa13 ration characteristics, and develop mechanisms to transfer 

14 such manufacturing technologies to United States indus15 tries. 

16 SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 

17 In this Act: 

18 (1) ADVISORY PANEL.—The term ‘‘Advisory 

19 Panel’’ means the President’s National Nano20 technology Panel established or designated under sec21 tion 3. 

22 (2) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The term ‘‘fun23 damental research’’ means research that builds a fun24 damental understanding and leads to discoveries of 
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1 the phenomena, processes, and tools necessary to con2 trol and manipulate matter at the nanoscale. 

3 (3) NANOTECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘‘nanotech4 nology’’ means the ability to work at the molecular 

5 level, atom-by-atom, to create large structures with 

6 fundamentally new molecular organization. 

7 (4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means the 

8 National Nanotechnology Program established under 

9 section 2. 

10 (5) COUNCIL.—The term ‘‘Council’’ means the 

11 National Science and Technology Council or an ap12 propriate subgroup designated by the Council under 

13 section 2(c). 

14 (6) GRAND CHALLENGE.—The term ‘‘grand chal15 lenge’’ means a fundamental problem in science or 

16 engineering, with broad potential economic and sci17 entific impact, the solution to which will require the 

18 application of nanotechnology research.

Calendar No. 280

108TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 189

[Report No. 108–147] 

A BILL

To authorize appropriations for nanoscience, 

nanoengineering, and nanotechnology research, and for other purposes. 

SEPTEMBER 15, 2003

Reported with an amendment