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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 

SPACE SHUTTLE 

MISSION 

STS-51A 

PRESS KIT 

APRIL 1985 

SPACELAB 3 
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STS-51A INSIGNIA 

S84-40148 -- The space shuttle Discovery en route to Earth orbit for NASA's 51-A mission is reminiscent of the soaring 

eagle. The red and white trailing stripes and the blue background, along with the presence of the eagle, generate 

memories of America's 208-year-old history and traditions. The two satellites orbiting the Earth background amidst a 

celestial scene are a universal representation of the versatility of the space shuttle. The artwork was done by artist 

Stephen R. Hustvedt. 

The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the 

NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the 

various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we do not anticipate, it will be publicly 

announced. 

PHOTO CREDIT: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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RELEASE NO: 84-149 November 1984 

CONTACTS 

Charles Redmond/Debra Rahn 

Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 

(Phone: 202/453-8590) 

Dick Young 

Kennedy Space Center, Fla. 

(Phone: 305/867-2468) 

Dave Alter 

Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 

(Phone: 713/483-5111) 

Bob Ruhl 

Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. 

(Phone: 205/453-0034) 

Ralph Jackson 

Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, Calif. 

(Phone: 805/258-8381) 
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RELEASE NO: 84-149 November 1984 

CONTENTS 

GENERAL RELEASE 6 

51-A BRIEFING SCHEDULE 7 

GENERAL INFORMATION 8 

SHUTTLE MISSION 51-A -- QUICK LOOK FACTS 9 

SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES 10 

PAYLOAD WEIGHTS SUMMARY 12 

ANIK D2 (TELESAT H) 13 

LEASAT 1 (SYNCOM IV-1) 14 

HS-376 SATELLITE RETRIEVAL OPERATIONS 16 

3M'S DIFFUSIVE MIXING OF ORGANIC SOLUTIONS (DMOS) 22 

RADIATION MONITORING EQUIPMENT (RME) 22 

51-A FLIGHT CREW DATA 23 
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RELEASE NO: 84-149 November 1984 

DISCOVERY’S SECOND MISSION SCHEDULED 

Space Shuttle Discovery's second mission in space, set to be launched no earlier than Nov. 7, 1984, will be highlighted 

by two satellite deployments and two satellite retrievals. Mission 51-A will be an eight-day mission with a launch at 

approximately 8:18 a.m. EST, and a landing targeted for 7:57 a.m. EST, Nov. 15, on the Kennedy Space Center Shuttle 

Landing Facility runway. 

The 51-A mission will feature the deployment or the Canadian communications satellite Anik D2 (Telesat H) and the 

Hughes LEASAT 1 (Syncom IV-1) communications satellite, both destined for geosynchronous orbit. The two 

satellites to be retrieved are the Palapa B-2 and the Westar VI spacecraft which were deployed during Mission 41-B In 

February 1984. After a successful deployment, failure of the Payload Assist Modules (PAM) attached to the satellites 

put them Into unusable low-earth orbits about 600 miles above the Earth. 

The 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) experiment will be carried in the mid-deck and 

will be the first attempt to grow organic crystals in the microgravity environment of the orbiter. 3M scientists will study 

the crystals produced in the DMOS experiment for their optical properties and other characteristics that might 

ultimately have important applications to 3M's businesses in the areas of electronics, Imaging and health care. 

The Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) experiment will also be carried again in the middeck. 

Commanding the five-member crew will be veteran Frederick H. Hauck, with pilot David M. Walker, and mission 

specialists Anna L. Fisher, Dale A. Gardner and Joseph P. Allen comprising the rest of the crew. Anna Fisher and 

David Walker are the only two rookies on the crew list, the other members having flown on STS 7, 8 and 5, 

respectively. 

The launch window on Nov. 7 extends for 18 minutes after the predicted 8:18 a.m. liftoff. Launch must occur no later 

than Nov. 11 so that Discovery is inserted into the same orbital plane as the satellites to be retrieved, and during a 

period which permits the orbiter to rendezvous with the two satellites while also maintaining satisfactory deployment 

opportunities for the LEASAT and Anik spacecraft. The daily inplane launch opportunity occurs roughly 32 minutes 

earlier each day after Nov. 7, and the five-day launch opportunity recurs every 45 days for a daylight launch. 

The two spacecraft will have been maneuvered, using onboard attitude adjustment systems, to bring them into 207-by22O-mile high parking orbits for recovery. During this process the spin rates of the satellites will have been reduced to 

about 1 rpm. The satellites will be in near identical orbits, with Palapa trailing the Westar about 700 miles. 

The mission profile calls for insertion into a 184-by-172 1/2-mile orbit inclined 28.45 degrees to the equator. Once in 

orbit, the crew will check out the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System, or RMS, which is critical to the retrieval 

success. They will also activate some of the smaller payloads aboard, such as the Diffusive Mixing of Organic 

Solutions and Pocket Radiation Monitor experiments. The first rendezvous phasing to fine-tune the orbit will also be 

completed. 

On flight day two, the crew will raise its orbit to about 186 miles and circularize it, then will check out, spinup and deploy the Canadian Anik satellite and its PAM booster rocket. The crew will use the television camera mounted on the 

end of the manipulator arm to view the PAM motor firing about 45 minutes after deployment, and will take a number of 

other readings and measurements, in addition to again fine tuning their orbit. 

The following day will feature the "Frisbee" deployment of the Hughes LEASAT spacecraft, similar to that deployed 

during the 41-D mission. Firing of LEASAT’s integral perigee kick motor will also be observed with the TEN'S endeffector camera, and mission specialists Allen and Gardner will perform an extensive checkout of their spacesuits in 

preparation for their retrieval spacewalks later in the flight. 
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Flight day four is listed as a backup deployment opportunity for either the Anik or LEASAT satellites, if necessary, and 

the crew will also perform a co-elliptic orbit maneuver to place the orbiter in the same orbital plane as the Palapa 

satellite. The crew will also take experiment readings and depressurize the cabin to 10.2 psi in preparation for their 

spacewalk the next day. 

Flight day five will see the final rendezvous maneuvers with the slowly spinning Palapa satellite. After Hauck and 

Walker have maneuvered the Discovery to within 35 feet of the Palapa satellite, Allen and Gardner will leave the 

orbiter airlock, Allen will don one of the Manned Maneuvering Units and will fly over to the Palapa satellite. Once 

stabilized at the bottom end of the errant satellite, Allen will insert a specially constructed Apogee Kick Motor Capture 

Device (ACD) into the spent apogee kick motor casing, which is inside the aft skirt of the Palapa. The six-foot long 

ACD will lock into place and special brake pads will allow Allen to use his MMU jets to stop the rotation of the 

satellite. 

moreNext, mission specialist Anna Fisher will use the RMS to capture a grapple fixture which is mounted to the ACD 

between Allen and the satellite. She will then maneuver the satellite into the cargo bay where Gardner will be stationed 

near a special support pallet. Gardner will then be able to remove the satellite’s omni-directional antenna and attach a 

separate bridge structure (A-frame) to the top end of the satellite, so the RMS can release the lower fixture and grasp 

the top one, allowing the satellite to be lowered into the cradle and latched into place vertically for the return to Earth. 

After the arm has grasped the upper grapple, Allen will be free to undock from the satellite and reberth his MMU. Once 

Palapa is in its special pallet, the astronauts can remove the bridge structure from the top of the satellite so that the 

cargo bay doors can be closed shortly before return to Earth. 

The next day, the spacewalkers will recharge their space-suits, perform any maintenance required and take scientific 

measurements while the other crew members perform other orbital adjustments for rendezvous with the Westar 

satellite. The following day will see a repeat of the satellite rendezvous, space walk and retrieval. Identical procedures 

will be followed, with Gardner performing the flyover, dock and stabilization, and Allen attaching the bridge structure 

from a work station in the payload bay. 

The eighth day will include the completion of scientific tests, stowage of cockpit equipment, repressurizing the cabin to 

14.7 psi and a checkout of the orbiter's flight control systems in preparation for deorbit and landing the next day. 

On the final day, the crew will complete cabin stowage, turn off experiments, close the payload bay doors over the two 

rescued satellites and prepare for the deorbit burn just before the end of orbit 126. 

The reentry and landing approach will begin with a deorbit burn as the orbiter crosses Australia. The ground track then 

arcs across northern Mexico and the Gulf, then trails its double sonic boom across central Florida on the way to a 

touchdown at Kennedy Space Center at about 7:57 a.m. EST. Mission duration will he about 192 hours. 

After landing, the orbiter will be safed, the crew will depart and within several hours the craft will be towed into the 

Orbiter Processing Facility for post-mission turnaround activities, including the careful removal of the first two 

satellites ever to be returned to Earth from orbit in the Space Shuttle. 

(END OF GENERAL RELEASE; BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOLLOWS) 
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51-A BRIEFING SCHEDULE 

Time Briefing Origin 

 

T-1 Day 

9.30 a.m. EST Anik D2 (Telesat) KSC 

10:15 a.m. EST Leasat (Syncom) KSC 

11:00 a.m. EST 3M -Experiment KSC 

12:00 p.m. EST Palapa and Westar Retrieval KSC 

1:30 p.m. EST Prelaunch Briefing KSC 

 

T-Day 

9:30 a.m. EST Post Launch Press Conference KSC (local only) 

Launch Through End-of-Mission 

Times announced on NASA Select Flight Director Change-of-Shift Briefings JSC 

Landing Day 

9:00 a.m. EST Post Landing Briefing KSC 

Landing+1 Day 

1:00 p.m. EST Orbiter Status Briefing KSC 
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GENERAL INFORMATION 

NASA Select Television Transmission 

The schedule for television transmissions from Discovery and for the change-of-shift briefings from the Johnson Space 

Center, Houston, will be available during the mission at the Kennedy Space Center, Fla.; Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Huntsville, Ala.; Johnson Space Center; and NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The television schedule will be 

updated on a daily basis to reflect any changes dictated by mission operations. 

NASA has leased from RCA, Satcom F-1R, Transponder 9 (full transponder) to carry NASA Select television from 

launch through landing of Shuttle flight 51-A. 

Satcom F-1R is located 139 degrees West longitude. Transponder 9 transmits on a frequency of 3880.0 MHz. Operating 

hours are 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST from launch through landing. To make available a TV dump of rendezvous and 

EVA, transmission times will he 6:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST on Nov. 13, and 5:00 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST on Nov. 14. 

Status Reports 

Status reports on countdown progress, mission progress, on-orbit activities and landing operations will be produced by 

the appropriate NASA news center. 

Briefings 

Flight control personnel will be on eight-hour shifts. Change-of-shift briefings by the off-going flight director will 

occur at approximately eight-hour intervals. 

Transcripts 

Only transcripts of the change-of-shift briefings will be available at the Shuttle news centers. Transcripts of air-toground transmissions have been discontinued. 
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SHUTTLE MISSION 51-A -- QUICK LOOK FACTS 

Crew: Frederick H. "Rick" Hauck, Commander 

 David M. Walker, Pilot 

 Joseph P. Allen, Mission Specialist 1 (EV-l) 

 Anna L. Fisher, Mission Specialist 2 

 Dale A. Gardner, Mission Specialist 3 (EV-2) 

Orbiter: Discovery (OV-103) 

Launch Site: Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center, Fla. 

Launch Date/Time: Nov. 7, 1984; 8:18 a.m. EST 

Window: 18 minutes to 8:36 a.m. EST; launch must occur so that Discovery is inserted into an 

 orbit in the same plane with the satellites to be retrieved. Launch time also must be 

 within the period which permits rendezvous phasing with the satellites and acceptable 

 deployment times for Telesat and LEASAT. The inplane launch opportunity occurs 

 32 minutes earlier each day. An acceptable launch period of 5 days occurs every 45 days 

 for a daylight launch. 

Orbital Inclination: 28.45 degrees 

Altitude: 184 by 172 1/2 s.mi. apogee, initial orbital requirement after post insertion; 207-220 

 s.m. retrieval; 184 by 197 rendezvous altitude. 

Mission Duration. 8 days, land on flight day 9; 126 full orbits, land on 127. 

Landing Date/Time: Nov. 15, 1984, 7:57 a.m. EST 

Primary Landing Site: Kennedy Space Center; weather alternate, Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.; 

 Trans-Atlantic Abort, Dakar, Senegal; Abort-Once-Around, Edwards Air Force Base. 

Cargo and Payloads: Anik D2 (Telesat)/PAM-D 

 Westar VI Retrieval/Pallet 

 Palapa B-2 Retrieval/Pallet 

 LEASAT (Syncom IV) 

 Radiation Monitoring Experiment (RME) 

 Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) 

Highlights: Deploy two satellites and retrieve two others. 
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SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES 

Flight Day 1 Flight Day 5 

Ascent Rendezvous 1 

(MS 2 (adjust) EVA-1 -- retrieve first satellite 

Remote Manipulator System (RMS) checkout 

(MS phasing burn Flight Day 6 

Activate Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions 

(DMOS) 

Rendezvous phasing 

Activate Pocket Radiation Monitor (PRM) Activate HRM and record data 

Rendezvous Phasing Gap measurement, alignment marks, tape measurement 

 EMU maintenance and recharge 

Flight Day 2 Phasing burns for second rendezvous 

OMS height adjust burn 

OMS circularization burn Flight Day 7 

Record PRM data Rendezvous 2 

Activate and record Handheld Radiation Monitor 

(HRM) data 

EVA-2 -- retrieve second satellite 

Cap measurement, alignment marks, tape measurement 

(DTO 0321) 

Circularize orbit Flight Day 8 

Deploy Anik D2 (Telesat) Hot fire test Primary Reaction Control System (PRCS) 

End-effector camera view of Anik D2 (Telesat) perigee 

kick motor 

Activate HRM and record data 

 Checkout Flight Control System (FCS) 

Flight Day 3 Repressurize cabin to 14.5 psi 

Deploy LEASAT (Syncom IV-l) Post EVA entry preparation 

End-effector camera view of Syncom perigee kick motor Stow cabin 

EVA equipment check 

Checkout Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) 1, 2 

and 3 

Flight Day 9 

Rendezvous plane change Prepare for deorbit 

Activate PRM Deorbit burn on rev. 126 

 Entry/landing on rev. 127 at KSC 

Flight Day 4 

OMS phasing burn 

OMS co-elliptic burn 

10.2 cabin depress 

Anik/Syncom backup deploy 

Record PRM data 

Activate HEM and record data 

Rendezvous co-elliptic maneuver 

Launch entry helmet oxygen prebreathe and depress 

cabin to 10.2 psi 

Prepare EVA equipment and charge EMU (H20) 

RCS Rendezvous Phasing Burn 
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PAYLOAD WEIGHTS SUMMARY 

Pounds

Two Manned Maneuvering Units (MM(3) and Flight Support 

Stations 

1,476 

Pallet-Attach Structure 9,709 

LEASAT (Syncom IV-1) 17,000 

Telesat (Anik)/(PAM-D) 9,936 

Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) 4 

Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) 180 

Total Payload Bay and Middeck Summary 38,305 

Orbiter at Liftoff 261,697 

Total Vehicle at Liftoff 4,518,761 
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ANIK D2 (TELESAT H) 

Anik D2 is owned and operated by Telesat Canada, Ottawa. The satellite will join a network of five existing satellites 

designed to provide telecommunications services between locations in Canada. 

Anik D2 is a spin-stabilized communications satellite of the cylindrical, drop-skirt design and is a sister spacecraft to 

the Anik Dl satellite launched by NASA on a Delta rocket in 1982. Both satellites use the PAM-D as a perigee kick 

motor for insertion into geosynchronous transfer orbit. The satellites are manufactured by Spar Aerospace Ltd. of 

Toronto, Ontario, 

Upon launch from the orbiter by springs, the 9-foot tall, 2,727-pound satellite will be spinning at about 50 rpm for stability. About 45 minutes, or one half earth orbit, later its PAM-D boost motor will be ignited by an onboard timer, 

kicking the satellite into an approximately 190-by-22,300-mile elliptical orbit. At a selected high point in that orbit, 

another, smaller rocket motor inside the satellite will be fired by ground controllers to increase the satellite's speed and 

circularize the orbit at geosynchronous altitude of roughly 22,300 miles. 

Controllers will then properly orient the spacecraft, despin its antenna section to point at Earth, extend the lower skirt to 

expose additional solar cell banks and begin circuit testing in preparation for commercial use. 

After apogee motor burnout and all extensions, the satellite will weigh 1,452 pounds and measure 21 feet, 5 inches tall. 

Final operational location will be over the equator at 111.5 degrees West Longitude, or almost due south of Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
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LEASAT 1 (SYNCOM IV-1) 

LEASAT I, also known as Syncom IV-1, is the second of four satellites which will be leased by the Department of 

Defense to replace older FleetSatCom spacecraft for worldwide UHF communications between ships, planes and fixed 

facilities. A Hughes 115381 design, LEASAT spacecraft are designed expressly for launch from the Space Shuttle and 

utilize the unique "Frisbee” or rollout method of deployment. This particular spacecraft was to have been launched 

during Mission 41-D, but was replaced by a sister craft to allow Hughes to replace a component in one of this satellite's 

UHF relay circuits. 

Installation of the spacecraft in the payload bay is accomplished with the aid of a cradle structure. The cradle permits 

the spacecraft to be installed lying on its side, with its retracted antennas pointing toward the nose of the orbiter and its 

propulsion system pointing toward the back. Mounting the antennas on deployable structures allows them to be stowed 

for launch. 

Five trunnions (four longeron and one keel) are used to attach the cradle to the Shuttle. Five similarly located internal 

attach points are used to attach the spacecraft to the cradle. 

Another unique feature of the LEASAT series of satellites is that they do not require a separately purchased upper 

stage, as have all the other communications satellites launched to date from the Shuttle. The LEASAT satellites contain 

their own unique upper stage to transfer them from the Shuttle deploy orbit of about 182 s.mi. to a circular orbit 22,300 

s.mi. over the equator. 

Each satellite is 20 ft. long with the UHF and omnidirectional antennas deployed. Total payload weight in the Shuttle 

will be 17,049 lb. The satellite's weight on station at the beginning of its planned seven-year life will be nearly 2,900 lb. 

Hughes Space and Communications Group builds the satellites. 

Ejection of the spacecraft from the Shuttle is initiated when locking pins at the four contact points are retracted. An 

explosive device then releases a spring that ejects the spacecraft in a "Frisbee" motion. This gives the satellite its separation velocity and gyroscopic stability during the 45-minute coast period between deployment and ignition of the 

perigee kick motor. The satellite separates from the Shuttle at a velocity of 1.6 feet per second and a spin rate of about 

two rpm. 

Deployment of the LEASAT satellite triggers an onboard automatic sequencer. The sequencer configures the satellite 

for firing of the solid propellant perigee motor. The telemetry, tracking and command antenna is deployed; attitude 

electronics, spacecraft power and telemetry are initialized; and the spacecraft spin rate is increased to 30 rpm. 

A series of maneuvers, performed over a period of several days, will be required to place LEASAT into its synchronous 

orbit over. the equator. The process starts 45 minutes after deployment from Discovery with the ignition of the solid 

propellant perigee motor, identical to that used as the third stage of the Minuteman missile, which will raise the high 

point of the satellite's orbit to about 9,545 s.mi. 

Two liquid fuel engines that burn hypergolic propellants, monomethyl hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, are used to 

augment the velocity on successive perigee transits, to circularize the orbit and to align the flight path with the equator. 

The first of three such maneuvers raises the apogee to 12,420 s.mi., the second raises the apogee to 16,445 s.mi. and the 

third to geosynchronous orbital altitude, At this point the satellite is in a transfer orbit with a 182-s.mi. perigee and a 

22,300-s.mi. apogee. The final maneuver, again performed by the liquid propellant engines, circularizes the orbit at the 

apogee altitude. 

The satellites are spin-stabilized with the spun portion containing the solar array and the sun and earth sensors for 

attitude determination and Earth pointing reference, three nickel-cadmium batteries for eclipse operation and all the 

propulsion and attitude control hardware. The despun platform contains two large helical UHF Earth-pointing 

communications antennas, 12 UHF communication repeaters and the majority of the telemetry, tracking and command 

equipment. 
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Hughes Communications Services, Inc. will operate the worldwide LEASAT satellite communications system under a 

contract with the Department of Defense, with the U.S. Navy acting as the executive agent. The system will include 

five LEASAT satellites, one of which will be a spare, and the associated ground facilities. Users will include mobile air, 

surface, subsurface and fixed Earth stations of the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Army. The satellites will occupy 

geostationary positions south of the United States and over the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 
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HS-376 SATELLITE RETRIEVAL OPERATIONS 

The following computer-generated graphic images depict the sequence of events associated with the astronaut EVA 

activities to retrieve and berth the two HS-376 satellites, the Palapa B-2 and the Westar VI. 

The scenes depict only one retrieval; the second retrieval will involve procedures and activities identical to those 

depicted for the first. 
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3M'S DIFFUSIVE MIXING OF ORGANIC SOLUTIONS (DMOS) 

The major cabin experiment is the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS). DMOS is the first 

in a series of more than 70 organic and polymer science experiments that 3M hopes to conduct in space over the next 

decade under a 10-year commercial-use-of-space agreement that the company has proposed to NASA. 

The DMOS experiment will be conducted in six football-size, stainless-steel chemical reactors designed and built by 

3M. Each reactor has three Teflon-coated chambers. 

Two experimental processes will be conducted. In the first, an organic chemical in solution is contained in one end 

chamber of the reactor. The solution is allowed to diffuse into the two remaining chambers, which are filled with an 

incompatible solvent that causes the organic chemicals to crystallize out of the solution. 

In the second form of the experiment, two solutions of organic chemicals are contained in chambers on opposite ends of 

the reactor, separated by a center mixing chamber. As the chemicals in the end chambers are allowed to diffuse into the 

middle chamber, a chemical reaction takes place. The byproduct of the reaction Is less soluble than the reactants and, 

therefore, is expected to crystallize out of the solution. 

Unlike Earth-bound experiments, the crystals formed in space are not subject to Earth's gravity and do not fall to the 

bottom of the reactor. Instead, they remain suspended, which should allow them to grow in size with exceptional purity. 

The six reactors carried aboard flight 51-A will produce crystals from four different chemical systems: 

• Reactor No. 1 contains urea in a toluene(methanol solvent mix; 

• Reactor No. 2 and No. 3 contain cyanine tosylate and tetraethylanmmonium oxonol in chloroform, which, when 

diffused, will form cyano-oxonol salt; 

• The contents of reactors No. 4, 5 and 6 are proprietary to 3M. 

The chemicals contained in the stainless steel chambers are isolated from each other by electrically powered gate valves 

that are programmed to be opened over a five-hour period. This is done slowly so as not to create turbulence in the 

solutions. 

The valves and the heaters used to promote diffusion will be activated by a 3M-built Generic Electronics Module 

(GEM) within 24 hours after the Shuttle has reached orbit. 

Should the valves fail to activate automatically, they will be opened by a backup electronic system. The valves will 

remain open until the Shuttle lands and the experiment is returned to 3M. This will prevent crystals that might be 

attached to the valves from being severed. 

All of the DMOS experiment apparatus except the GEM is sealed in a 3M-designed aluminum container that, in turn, is 

sealed in a NASA-supplied Experiment Apparatus Container (EAC). The EAC and the GEM will be housed in three of 

the orbiter's mid-deck lockers. The experiment hardware weighs 180 pounds. 

RADIATION -MONITORING EQUIPMENT (RME) 

The Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RNA)B) consists of hand-held and pocket-sized monitors which measure the 

level of background radiation present at various times in orbit. The two devices are self-contained and are powered by 

9-volt alkaline batteries. At appointed times, the crew will take and record measurements of any radiation which 

penetrates the cabin. RME devices have flown on numerous previous flights and are part of long-term studies of 

radiation exposure during spaceflight. 
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STS-51A CREWMEMBERS 

S84-40082 – Astronaut Frederick H. (Rick) Hauck, seated, is crew commander. Astronaut David M. Walker, pilot, 

stands next to the eagle, 51-A mascot. Others on the back row, l.-r., are astronauts Dale A. Gardner, Anna L. Fisher 

and Joseph P. Allen IV., all mission specialists. 

No copyright is asserted for this photograph. If a recognizable person appears in the photo, use for commercial 

purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by NASA or 

by any NASA employee of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. 

Accordingly, it is requested that if this photograph is used in advertising and other commercial promotion, layout and 

copy be submitted to NASA prior to release. 

PHOTO CREDIT: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 

FREDERICK H. (RICK) HAUCK, 43, Captain, USN, is commander of the 51-A mission. A native of Long Beach, 

Calif., he became a NASA astronaut in 1978. 

Hauck was orbiter pilot for the seventh Space Shuttle mission in 1983. During the flight, he operated the Canadian-built 

Remote Manipulator System, performing the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite. 

Hauck, a Navy ROTC student at Tufts University, Medford, Mass., was commissioned on graduation in 1962 and 

served 20 months as communications officer. He studied Russian at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, Calif., 

and received a master of science degree in nuclear engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

Cambridge, in 1966. 

DAVID M. WALKER, 40, Commander, USN, is the pilot for Shuttle mission 51~A. He became a NASA astronaut 

candidate in 1978, completing his training the following year. 

Walker was graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., and received flight training from the Naval 

Aviation Training Command. 

He completed two combat cruises in Southeast Asia as a fighter pilot aboard the carriers USS Enterprise and USS 

America. He was awarded six Navy Air Medals, a Battle Efficiency Ribbon, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 

the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Vietnam Service Medal and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. 

JOSEPH P. ALLEN, 47, Ph.D., is Mission Specialist I on flight 51-A. He was selected as a scientist astronaut by 

NASA in 1967. 

Allen received a doctorate in physics from Yale University, New Haven, Conn. He served as NASA Assistant 

Administrator for Legislative Affairs in Washington, D.C., returning to the Johnson Space Center in 1978 as senior 

scientist astronaut. 

Allen was a mission specialist on the fifth Space Shuttle flight in 1982, the first fully operational flight of the Space 

Transportation System. 

ANNA L. FISHER, 35, M.D., is Mission Specialist 2 on the flight of Space Shuttle 51-A. She was selected as an 

astronaut candidate by NASA in 1978, completing her training a year later. 

She assisted In development and testing of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), and served as crew evaluator for 

testing of the second, third and fourth Shuttle missions. 

Fisher was graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles, with a bachelor of science degree In chemistry 

followed by a doctor of medicine. She specialized in emergency medicine and worked in several Los Angeles area 

hospitals. She supported the first orbital flight test launch and landings as physician in rescue helicopters and assisted in 

development of medical rescue procedures. 

DALE A. GARDNER, 35, Commander, USN, is Mission Specialist 3 on Shuttle Mission 51-A. He became eligible for 

crew assignment in 1979 and served as a mission specialist on the eighth Space Shuttle mission in 1983. 

Gardner was graduated from the University of Illinois in 1970 with a bachelor of science degree in engineering physics. 

At the Naval Air Test Center in Maryland, Gardner was involved in F-14A development test and evaluation as project 

officer for the aircraft's inertial navigation systems. He participated in two WESTPAC cruises aboard the USS 

Enterprise. 
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SHUTTLE FLIGHTS AS OF APRIL 1985 

13 TOTAL FLIGHTS OF THE SHUTTLE SYSTEM 

STS-9 

11/28/83 - 12/08/83 

STS-41G 

10/05/84 - 10/13/84 

STS-5 

11/11/82 - 11/16/82 

STS-41C 

04/06/84 - 04/13/84 

STS-4 

06/27/82 - 07/04/82 

STS-41B 

02/03/84 - 02/11/84 

STS-3 

03/22/82 - 03/30/82 

STS-8 

08/30/83 - 09/05/83 

STS-2 

11/12/81 - 11/14/81 

STS-7 

06/18/83 - 06/24/83 

STS-1 

04/12/81 - 04/14/81 

STS-6 

04/04/83 - 04/09/83 

STS-41D 

08/30/84 - 09/05/84 

 OV-102 

Columbia 

(6 flights) 

OV-099 

Challenger 

(6 flights) 

OV-103 

Discovery 

(1 flight)