UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 22-1319

MARCO A. MIRANDA SANCHEZ,

 Petitioner,

v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

 Respondent.

------------------------------

TAHIRIH JUSTICE CENTER,

 Amicus Supporting Petitioner.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

Submitted: November 30, 2023 Decided: December 5, 2023

Before DIAZ, Chief Judge, and AGEE and HEYTENS, Circuit Judges.

Petition dismissed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Jennifer Kwon, Sophia L. Gregg, Rebecca Wolozin, Simon Y. 

Sandoval-Moshenberg, Zhue D. Azuaje, LEGAL AID JUSTICE CENTER, Falls Church, 

Virginia, for Petitioner. Brian Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 

Jessica A. Dawgert, Senior Litigation Counsel, Giovanni B. Di Maggio, Office of 

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Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,

Washington, D.C., for Respondent.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:

Marco A. Miranda Sanchez, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of 

an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“Board”) dismissing his appeal from the 

Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his application for deferral of removal under 

the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). Because we lack jurisdiction over Sanchez’s 

petition for review, we dismiss it.

Sanchez illegally entered the United States in 1994. The immigration authorities 

removed Sanchez from this country about four years later pursuant to a 1998 order of 

removal. Sanchez thereafter reentered the United States, and in November 2019, the 

Department of Homeland Security issued Sanchez a Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate 

Prior Order. In that document, an immigration officer (1) determined that Sanchez was 

subject to removal through reinstatement of the 1998 removal order, and (2) noted that

Sanchez refused to sign the document, which has a section asking whether the noncitizen 

wishes to contest the reinstatement determination. Sanchez subsequently expressed a fear 

of returning to Mexico, and an asylum officer found that fear to be reasonable. Sanchez 

was thus referred to the immigration court for withholding-only proceedings.

In those proceedings, Sanchez—through counsel—applied for deferral of removal 

under CAT. The IJ denied Sanchez’s application for CAT relief after several hearings. 

Sanchez appealed to the Board, and the Board entered a March 21, 2022, order dismissing 

the appeal and sustaining the IJ’s denial of CAT relief. On March 24, 2022, Sanchez 

petitioned this court for review of the Board’s March 21 order.

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Although the parties have agreed that we possess jurisdiction over Sanchez’s 

petition for review, “[w]e have an independent obligation to assure ourselves of jurisdiction 

to decide an appeal.” Martinez v. Garland, __ F.4th __, __, No. 22-1221, 2023 WL 

7800113, at *2 (4th Cir. Nov. 16, 2023). We generally possess jurisdiction to review “a 

final order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). A noncitizen must petition for review 

within 30 days “of the final order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1). “The 30-day 

deadline is mandatory and jurisdictional and is not subject to equitable tolling.” Martinez, 

2023 WL 7800113, at *3 (internal quotation marks omitted). “[O]nce we have a final order 

of removal before us, we can consider along with it ‘all questions of law and fact . . . arising 

from any action taken or proceeding brought to remove [the] alien from the United States.’” 

Id. at *2 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(9)) (ellipsis and second alteration in original).

Sanchez seeks review of the Board’s order affirming the denial of his application 

for CAT relief. We recently held in Martinez, however, that an order denying CAT relief 

is not a final order of removal for purposes of § 1252(a)(1). Id. at *3. So for us to exercise 

jurisdiction over the Board’s order affirming the denial of CAT relief, Sanchez “must 

identify another eligible order” that is properly before us. Id. at *4. But Sanchez cannot 

do so because he did not timely petition for review of a final order of removal. That is, 

Sanchez did not petition for review within 30 days of the 1998 removal order or the 2019 

reinstatement order.1

 So there is no final order of removal properly in front of us that 

1 Sanchez did not contest the immigration officer’s reinstatement order as he refused 

to sign the document, so it became final in November 2019. See Martinez, 2023 WL 

7800113, at *4.

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would allow us to review the Board’s order affirming the denial of CAT relief. We thus 

lack jurisdiction over Sanchez’s petition for review.2

 Id. at *7-8.

Accordingly, we dismiss the petition for review. We dispense with oral argument 

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this 

court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

PETITION DISMISSED

2 In a Fed. R. App. P. 28(j) letter, Sanchez maintains that we may exercise 

jurisdiction over the Board’s order affirming the denial of CAT relief under 8 U.S.C. 

§ 1252(a)(4) (“[A] petition for review filed with an appropriate court of appeals in 

accordance with this section shall be the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of 

any cause or claim under [CAT] . . . .”). But that provision means only that we may review 

an order denying CAT relief as part of our review of a final order of removal. It does not 

permit us to review an order denying CAT relief without a final order of removal properly 

before us. See Nasrallah v. Barr, 140 S. Ct. 1683, 1691 (2020) (citing § 1252(a)(4) and 

explaining that order denying CAT relief is reviewable “as part of the review of a final 

order of removal” (internal quotation marks omitted)); Martinez, 2023 WL 7800113, at 

*3-4 (recognizing that federal appellate court may review order denying CAT relief only 

as part of its review of final order of removal); Bhaktibhai-Patel v. Garland, 32 F.4th 180, 

190 n.13 (2d Cir. 2022) (explaining that § 1252(a)(4) does not enable federal appellate 

court to exercise jurisdiction over order denying CAT relief “in the absence of a judicially 

reviewable final order of removal”).

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