IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 24-0987

Filed September 4, 2024

IN THE INTEREST OF A.M. and Z.M.,

Minor Children,

K.M.-J., Mother,

Appellant.

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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Clarke County, Monty Franklin, 

Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Amanda Demichelis of Demichelis Law Firm, P.C., Chariton, for appellant 

mother.

Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Mackenzie Moran, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Jeremy Evans of Carr Law Firm P.L.C., Des Moines, attorney and guardian 

ad litem for minor children.

Considered by Greer, P.J., Sandy, J., and Mullins, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 

(2024).
2

MULLINS, Senior Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her children, born 

in 2010 and 2011, under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(a), (e), and (f) (2024).1 

She challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the grounds for 

termination and requests application of the permissive exceptions to termination in 

section 232.116(3)(a) and (c). Our review is de novo. In re A.B., 956 

N.W.2d 162, 168 (Iowa 2021). Our primary consideration is the best interests of 

the children, In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006), the defining elements 

of which are the children’s safety and need for a permanent home, In re H.S., 805 

N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011). 

Beginning with the grounds for termination, we may affirm termination “on 

any ground that we find supported by clear and convincing evidence.” In re D.W., 

791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010). Focusing on section 232.116(1)(f), the mother 

only challenges the State’s establishment of the final element—that the children 

could not be returned to her custody at the time of the termination hearing. See

Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f)(4). The caseworker from the Iowa Department of 

Health and Human Services testified that, despite twenty months of services aimed 

at the mother’s substance-use issues, “there has not been any significant 

progress.” The record confirms that assessment. Mere weeks before the 

termination hearing, the mother admittedly continued to use marijuana and 

prescription pain medication not prescribed to her. The mother was also 

unemployed and did not have housing that was suitable for the children. And she 

1 The children’s father is deceased. 
3

had not progressed beyond fully supervised visits. Each of these circumstances 

prevented an immediate return of custody. We accordingly find the evidence 

sufficient to support termination under section 232.116(1)(f).

Next, the mother requests application of the permissive exceptions to 

termination in Iowa Code section 232.116(3)(a) and (c). The former authorizes the 

court to forgo termination when “[a] relative has legal custody of the child.” Iowa 

Code § 232.116(3)(a). While the children were physically placed with a relative, 

legal custody remained with the department. As such, this exception does not 

apply. In turn, section 232.116(3)(c) allows the court to avoid termination when 

“[t]here is clear and convincing evidence that the termination would be detrimental 

to the child at the time due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.” But 

the mother did not present any evidence at the termination hearing, let alone 

evidence that the children would suffer physically, mentally, or emotionally upon 

termination. See In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018) (“[T]he parent 

resisting termination bears the burden to establish an exception.”). To the 

contrary, while the department caseworker agreed that the children love the 

mother, she explained that they want to remain with their relative placement for 

adoption because “this has been a long and grueling process for them” and “they 

really want stability and don’t want to be uprooted again.” Consequently, we agree 

with the juvenile court that this exception does not apply.

Finding no cause for reversal, we affirm the termination of the mother’s 

parental rights.

AFFIRMED.