*This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of

law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the

citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under

the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

SEP 29 1997

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 96-2302

v. D. New Mexico

FRED L. FOTTLER,

Defendant - Appellant.

(D.C. No. CIV-96-1309-SC) 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before ANDERSON, HENRY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34 (a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. This cause is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

Fred L. Fottler seeks a certificate of appealability and permission to

proceed in forma pauperis in order to appeal the denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255
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motion to vacate, set aside or correct his conviction and sentence for using and

carrying a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense (18 U.S.C.

§ 924(c)). He contends that the factual basis for his guilty plea to the firearm

offense is insufficient in light of Bailey v. United States, 116 S. Ct. 501 (1995). 

The specific relief Mr. Fottler seeks is ambiguous, since his motion maintains that

his conviction was unlawful, but then asserts that because he has already served

his sentence of imprisonment all he seeks is a reduction of the period of his

supervised release to “time served.” 

In late 1990, Fottler came under surveillance for attempting to purchase

chemicals used in manufacturing methamphetamine. On November 8, 1990, in a

truck driven by a codefendant, Fottler went to a storage facility to pick up the

chemicals, and was arrested at that time. A loaded pistol was found under the

seat of the truck. 

A helpful brief filed by the government shows from the record that Fottler

subsequently pled guilty to Count III of a Superseding Indictment charging him

with using and carrying a firearm in connection with a drug trafficking offense, in

violation of § 924(c), and aiding and abetting that offense in violation of 18

U.S.C. § 2, together with a plea of guilty to an Information charging him with

maintaining a clandestine methamphetamine laboratory, in violation of 21 U.S.C.

§ 856(a)(1). On May 17, 1991, the district court sentenced Fottler to prison terms
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of fifteen months on the Information, followed by 60 months under the

Superseding Indictment, plus two concurrent terms of three years’ supervised

release for each offense.

Mr. Fottler does not dispute any of the facts regarding the gun, except to

assert in his brief on appeal, without support from the record, that the gun was

between his codefendant’s legs, not under the seat, and that he (Fottler) could not

reach the gun because he had his seatbelt on. Rather, Mr. Fottler argues that

under Bailey he was not using the gun, and he was not carrying it because the

term carry “is interpreted as carrying the firearm in (sic) one’s person.” Motion

to Vacate, R. Vol. I, tab 1, at 5.

It is unnecessary to address the apparent impossibility of granting Fottler

the relief he seeks be way of reducing the period of his supervised release, which,

in any event, will be served concurrently with an identical term. See United

States v. Joseph, 109 F.3d 34 (1st Cir. 1997). This is so because his

interpretation of the law pertaining to carrying a firearm is incorrect.

Fottler’s argument that after Bailey, the “carrying” prong of § 924(c)

requires proof that the weapon was on the person or within easy reach has been

rejected by this court in United States v. Miller, 84 F.3d 1244 (10th Cir. 1996),

overruled on other grounds United States v. Holland, 116 F.3d 1353, 1359 n.4

(10th Cir. 1997) (footnote approved by court en banc). This court has broadly
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defined carrying a firearm under § 924(c) to include possession and transportation

of a firearm in a vehicle even if the weapon is not within effortless reach. Thus, a

person who transports a firearm in the trunk of a car during and in relation to a

drug trafficking offense carries the firearm within the meaning of § 924(c). 

Miller, 84 F.3d at 1258-59; United States v. Ross. 920 F.2d 1530, 1536-37 (10th

Cir. 1990). This remains true after Bailey, which narrowed the definition of using

a firearm under § 924(c), but did not limit the definition of carrying a firearm

under the statute. Miller, 84 F.3d at 1259-60.

The factual basis was sufficient to support Fottler’s guilty plea to carrying

a firearm under § 924(c). See United States v. Barnhardt, 93 F.3d 706 (10th Cir.

1996). We GRANT Fottler’s application for leave to proceed without payment of

costs. However, a certificate of appealability will only be issued if “the applicant

has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C.

§ 2253(c)(2). Mr. Fottler has failed to make such a showing. 

Accordingly, the certificate of appealability is DENIED and the appeal is

DISMISSED.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephen H. Anderson

Circuit Judge