*

 This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of

the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its

persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.

** After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge

panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material

assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th

Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

March 22, 2010

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee, No. 09-4194

v. (D. of Utah)

JOEL SOTO,

Defendant-Appellant.

(D.C. Nos. 2:09-CV-00068-TC and 

2:07-CR-00171-TC-1)

ORDER DENYING A CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*

Before HARTZ, ANDERSON, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.** 

Joel Soto, a federal prisoner represented by counsel, seeks a certificate of

appealability (COA) to appeal the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255

motion. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253, we DENY

Soto’s request for a COA and DISMISS the appeal.

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I. Background

Soto was arrested for violating a protective order. During a search of his

vehicle incident to his arrest, police officers found approximately 75 grams of

methamphetamine. A jury subsequently convicted Soto of one count of

possession of 50 grams or more of methamphetamine with intent to distribute, in

violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Thereafter, the district court sentenced Soto

to 151 months’ imprisonment and 60 months of supervised release.

Following the entry of judgment, Soto pursued a direct appeal, challenging

the admission of unqualified expert testimony. See United States v. Soto, 297 F.

App’x 752 (10th Cir. 2008). We affirmed Soto’s conviction, finding he failed to

show that excluding the challenged evidence would have changed the outcome of

his trial. Id. at 754. 

Soto then filed a pro se § 2255 motion, contending he received ineffective

assistance from his trial counsel. After the district court appointed Soto counsel,

the § 2255 motion was amended to include the argument that Soto’s trial counsel

provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to suppress evidence of the

methamphetamine found in Soto’s vehicle. That contention was based on the

Supreme Court’s intervening decision in Arizona v. Gant, 129 S. Ct. 1710 (2009),

which ruled that a police officer “may search a vehicle incident to a recent

occupant’s arrest only if the arrestee is within reaching distance of the passenger

compartment at the time of the search or it is reasonable to believe the vehicle

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1

 Soto filed a notice of appeal but did not submit a separate application for

a COA to the district court. The district court did not issue Soto a COA within 30

days of filing the notice of appeal. Under the applicable version of the Tenth

Circuit Rules, the absence of an issued COA within that period is deemed a denial

by the district court of a request for a COA. See 10th Cir. R. 22.1(C) (“The

district court must consider the propriety of issuing a [COA] in the first instance. 

Failure of the district court to issue a [COA] within thirty days of filing the notice

of appeal shall be deemed a denial.”). 

2

 While Soto did not submit a separate application for a COA to this court,

we deem his notice of appeal an application for a COA pursuant to Rule 22(b)(2)

of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Fed. R. App. P. 22(b)(2) (“If no

express request for a certificate is filed, the notice of appeal constitutes a request

addressed to the judges of the court of appeals.”).

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contains evidence of the offense of arrest.” Id. at 1723. The district court denied

the motion on the merits, holding, among other things, that a reading of pre-Gant

caselaw governing search incident to arrest at the time Soto was arrested did not

support a finding of ineffective assistance. 

Soto filed a notice of appeal on October 16, 2009. The district court denied

his request for a COA.1

 Soto now requests a COA from this court to appeal the

district court’s decision regarding his trial counsel’s failure to file a motion to

suppress the evidence found in his vehicle.2

 

II. Discussion

A § 2255 movant must obtain a COA before appealing the district court’s

final order. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). “[O]nly if the applicant has made a

substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right” will the court issue a

COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). When, as here, the district court denies the

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movant’s claim on the merits, we will not issue a COA unless the petitioner

demonstrates “that reasonable jurists would find the district court’s assessment of

the constitutional claims debatable or wrong.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473,

484 (2000).

Soto contends that he was denied his Sixth Amendment right to effective

assistance of counsel due to his trial counsel’s failure to file a motion to suppress

evidence obtained pursuant to an allegedly unconstitutional search of his vehicle. 

To prevail on his ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Soto must demonstrate

that “[(1)] counsel’s performance was objectively deficient and [(2)] counsel’s

deficiency prejudiced the defense, depriving [Soto] of a fair trial with a reliable

result.” United States v. Sanders, 372 F.3d 1183, 1185 (10th Cir. 2004). Soto

“must overcome the strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the

wide range of reasonable professional assistance, and we are reminded that there

are countless ways to provide effective assistance of counsel.” Id. (internal

quotation marks omitted). Prejudice is demonstrated by showing that “there is a

reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of

the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.

668, 694 (1984). 

After reviewing the record, we are convinced that Soto has failed to

establish a debatable claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The search at

issue here was “wholly consistent with and supported by this court’s precedent

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3

 We are not persuaded that the circumstances relating to Soto’s arrest and

the search of his vehicle—namely, that a police officer prevented him from

closing a locked car door after exiting his vehicle—remove this case from the

bounds of our pre-Gant caselaw concerning vehicle searches incident to arrest or

our recent cases applying Gant in the evidence suppression context. 

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prior to Gant.”3 United States v. McCane, 573 F.3d 1037, 1041S42 (10th Cir.

2009), cert. denied, No. 09-402, 2010 U.S. LEXIS 2009 (U.S. Mar. 1, 2010). We

cannot consider Soto’s trial counsel’s decision not to move to suppress the

methamphetamine objectively deficient when the search that led to its discovery

was conducted in conformity with was at the time our settled caselaw. Employing

similar reasoning, in United States v. Davis, 590 F.3d 847 (10th Cir. 2009), we

held that the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule applied where a vehicle

was searched in violation of Gant: the good-faith exception “applies when an

officer acts in reasonable reliance upon our settled [caselaw] that is later made

unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.” Davis, 590 F.3d at 848. 

Accordingly, we find it beyond debate that Soto cannot overcome the

presumption that his trial counsel rendered reasonable professional assistance. 

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III. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, we DENY Soto’s application for a COA and

DISMISS this appeal.

Entered for the Court,

Timothy M. Tymkovich

Circuit Judge 

 

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