This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A14-0923

In re the Marriage of:

Moslais X. Vue, petitioner,

Appellant,

vs.

Khue Vue,

Respondent.

Filed February 9, 2015

Affirmed

Stoneburner, Judge

Washington County District Court

File No. 82-FA-12-4043

Moslais X. Vue, Cottage Grove, Minnesota (pro se appellant)

Vincent Stevens, Miller & Stevens, P.A., Wyoming, Minnesota (for respondent)

Considered and decided by Stauber, Presiding Judge; Worke, Judge; and 

Stoneburner, Judge. 

 

 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to 

Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
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U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

STONEBURNER, Judge

In this pro se appeal from a marriage-dissolution decision, appellant-mother 

challenges the district court’s decisions to (1) hear respondent-father’s post-trial motion and 

grant father’s request to award him the insurance policy on his parents’ lives based on what 

mother characterizes as an erroneous finding that she agreed to this award; (2) split physical 

custody of the parties’ children based on what mother characterizes as inadequate findings; 

(3) not make child support retroactive to the date of the hearing on temporary motions and 

not deviate from child-support guidelines; (4) award the homestead to father and make him 

responsible for the mortgages; and (5) sign the real estate summary disposition without 

giving mother one week to object to the document as agreed to by the parties. 

Because (1) father’s post-trial motion on which relief was granted was timely and the 

award of the omitted insurance policy was not an abuse of discretion; (2) the findings 

adequately support the custody award; (3) the district court did not abuse its discretion in 

determining child support or in awarding the homestead to father; (4) mother lacks standing 

to challenge the order requiring father to pay the mortgages; and (5) the district court was 

not bound by the parties’ agreement or otherwise required to give mother one week to object 

to the real estate summary disposition after it was filed with the district court and mother has 

not shown any prejudice resulting from the signing of the summary disposition, we affirm.

FACTS

Appellant-mother Moslais X. Vue and respondent-father Khue Vue married in 1996, 

separated in 2012, and their marriage was dissolved in 2013 after a four-day trial. There are 
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four children of the marriage, born in 1997, 2001, 2004 and 2006. During the parents’ 

separation, mother had primary custody of the two younger children and father had primary 

custody of the two older children.

In the dissolution proceeding, mother sought sole legal and physical custody of all 

the children. Father sought joint legal and sole physical custody of all the children. The 

district court interviewed the two oldest children in chambers. Neither expressed a 

preference for a custodial parent, but both expressed a desire that custody not be split. The 

district court recited testimony on each of the statutory factors regarding a custody 

determination and made findings based on the testimony that it is in the children’s best 

interests that (1) the parents share legal custody; (2) mother have sole physical custody of

the two younger children; and (3) that father have sole physical custody of the two older 

children. 

During the dissolution proceedings, father attempted to conceal the fact that he 

underwent bankruptcy in 2011. The district court held him in contempt for failing to 

disclose the bankruptcy proceedings, fined him $3,000, and stayed an additional $27,000 

fine. Mother asserted that father violated the contempt conditions and requested a division 

of the parties’ retirement accounts in lieu of execution of the stayed fine. She also sought an 

upward deviation from the child-support guidelines due to father’s actions of concealing and 

dissipating marital assets during the dissolution proceedings. The district court concluded 

that awarding mother $21,210 in attorney fees “is a sufficient remedy for [father’s] 

behavior.” The district court also denied mother’s request to make the child-support award 
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retroactive to the date of the temporary hearing, which would have retroactively increased 

the amount of temporary child support ordered.

Both parties wanted to remain in the admittedly “underwater” homestead. Father 

testified that he is able to make the mortgage payments to retain the homestead. Mother 

testified that she is unable to make the payments but should be able to remain in the 

homestead pending foreclosure. The district court awarded the homestead to father, subject 

to the first and second mortgages. The district court ordered that father be solely 

responsible for payment of the mortgages, insurance, taxes, and utilities. The district court 

ordered the parties to “cooperate in the prompt entry of a Summary Real Estate Disposition 

Judgment awarding to [father] all interest in the homestead.” 

Father filed a post-trial motion requesting, among other things, that he be named the 

sole beneficiary of a policy insuring his parents’ lives. Mother’s petition for dissolution 

contained this request, but the policy was not mentioned during the dissolution trial and was 

omitted from the judgment. Father amended the motion several times not relevant to this 

request. Mother also filed a post-trial motion and objected to father’s post-trial motions as 

untimely. The district court found that father’s initial motion was timely but noted 

procedural deficiencies in the motions of each party. Nonetheless, the district court 

considered the motions of both parties “[i]n the interests of fairness and judicial 

expediency.” The only post-trial relief granted to father was the award of the omitted 

insurance policy, which, the district court noted, mother had requested be assigned to father 

in her dissolution petition. The only post-trial relief granted to mother amended the 

beginning and end time of parenting time for the New Year’s holiday. 
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After the amended judgment was entered, father prepared a summary real estate 

disposition and filed it with the court, requesting that mother have one week to object to the 

document. But the district court signed the document on the day after it was filed.

This appeal followed.

D E C I S I O N

I. Post-trial motions and insurance policy

Mother asserts that the district court erred by considering father’s post-trial motions 

because the motions were untimely and the initial motion did not include a hearing date. 

Minn. R. Civ. P. 59.03 requires, in relevant part, service of a notice of motion and motion

for a new trial or amended judgment within 30 days of service of notice by a party of the 

filing of the decision or order. We review the construction and application of procedural 

rules de novo. Eclipse Architectural Grp. v. Lam, 814 N.W.2d 692, 696 (Minn. 2012). To 

prevail on appeal, an appellant must show both error and prejudice resulting from the error. 

Midway Ctr. Assocs. v. Midway Ctr., Inc., 306 Minn. 352, 356, 237 N.W.2d 76, 78 (1975). 

Father served a notice of filing of the district court’s judgment and decree on 

December 6, 2013, and served his initial post-trial motion on January 3, 2014, requesting, in 

relevant part, that he be awarded the omitted life insurance policy. The district court 

correctly concluded that the initial motion was timely and granted relief only on this motion. 

Mother has failed to demonstrate any prejudice to her by the district court’s consideration of 

father’s amended motions. We therefore do not address mother’s challenge to the timeliness 

of those motions.
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Mother alternatively argues that even if the initial motion was timely filed, the

absence of a hearing date precludes consideration of that motion. We also need not address 

the merits of that assertion because mother has not alleged that she was prejudiced in any 

way by the form of the motion. 

Mother asserts that the district court erred by finding that mother agreed to making 

father the sole beneficiary of the policy covering his parents’ lives. But the district court 

correctly noted that the only mention of this policy is in mother’s dissolution petition that 

requests just that. Mother has not asserted any prejudice resulting in the district court’s 

grant of father’s motion. Because mother has failed to show any prejudice resulting from 

the district court’s consideration of father’s post-trial motion and amendments or grant of 

relief regarding the insurance policy, she is not entitled to any relief on appeal for these 

claims.

II. Custody award

“When determining whether findings are clearly erroneous, the appellate court views 

the record in the light most favorable to the [district] court’s findings.” Vangsness v. 

Vangsness, 607 N.W.2d 468, 472 (Minn. App. 2000). In this case, there is no merit to 

mother’s assertion that, regarding the custody determination, the district court merely 

recited testimony and failed to make any actual findings that support its award of split 

physical custody. The district court, after considering the evidence on each of the statutory 

factors, including the parties’ capacity to cooperate and communicate, determined that it is 

in the best interests of the children to keep them in their existing environments and schools,

where they are well-adjusted. Some of the district court’s “findings” merely recite 
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testimony, but the district court made additional findings based on the recited testimony. 

The findings demonstrate that the district court considered all of the appropriate factors 

required by Minn. Stat. § 518.17, subd. 1(a) (2014).

Split custody decisions are within the discretion of the district court, although such 

decisions are viewed as unfortunate and are carefully scrutinized. Rinker v. Rinker, 358 

N.W.2d 165, 168 (Minn. App. 1984). The law “leaves scant if any room for an appellate 

court to question the [district] court’s balancing of best-interests considerations.” 

Vangsness, 607 N.W.2d at 477. The district court determined that mother and father are 

capable of communicating and cooperating to maximize times the children can be together 

and that keeping the children in their existing environments and schools, where they are 

well-adjusted, is in their best interests. “That the record might support findings other than 

those made by the [district] court does not show that the . . . findings are defective.” 

Vangsness, 607 N.W.2d at 474. On this record we cannot conclude that the district court 

abused its discretion in the award of split custody.

III. Child support

Mother argues that the district court abused its discretion by failing to deviate 

upwards from the child-support guidelines. Mother asserts that the district court failed to 

consider father’s unscrupulous conduct and the disparity of their incomes, which, she 

asserts, justify deviation from the guidelines. Mother also challenges as an abuse of 

discretion the district court’s failure to retroactively modify temporary child support. “We 

will reverse a district court’s child-support order only if we are convinced that the district 

court abused its broad discretion by reaching a clearly erroneous conclusion that is against 
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logic and the facts on record.” Hunley v. Hunley, 757 N.W.2d 898, 900 (Minn. App. 2008)

(quotation omitted). 

The district court plainly considered father’s conduct by concluding that father’s 

conduct made his financial figures untrustworthy and using mother’s calculation of father’s 

income to determine child support. Because the child-support formula already takes into 

account disparity of income, mother’s argument for deviation based on the disparity of 

income is without merit. See Minn. Stat. § 518A.43 (2014). We also find no merit in 

mother’s argument that child support should be used to punish father for past conduct. And 

we do not find an abuse of discretion in the district court’s failure to make the child-support 

award retroactive to the date of the temporary hearing. Temporary orders for child support 

are permissive. Minn. Stat. § 518.131, subd. 1(c) (2014). Mother is not entitled to relief on 

appeal from the district court’s child-support determinations.

IV. Award of homestead to father subject to encumbrances

Mother objects to the award of the homestead to father and asserts that the district 

court is without authority to order father to be responsible for the mortgages from which he 

had been discharged in bankruptcy. A district court’s division of marital property is 

reviewed for abuse of discretion. Antone v. Antone, 645 N.W.2d 96, 100 (Minn. 2002).

 At trial, mother proposed that she be awarded the homestead pending foreclosure.

Father testified that he wanted to retain the homestead and is able to assume financial 

responsibility for it. The district court found that the children in father’s physical custody 

are well adjusted to this home and the school they attend as a result of living in the 

homestead, and the children in mother’s custody are similarly well adjusted in her home and 
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the school they attend. Awarding the homestead to mother would have caused immediate 

disruption in housing and schooling for the younger children and the ultimate disruption in 

housing for all of the children after foreclosure. On this record we cannot conclude that the 

award of the homestead to father was an abuse of discretion.

V. Signing of the summary real estate disposition judgment

Mother asserts that father agreed to allow mother a week to respond to father’s filing 

of the summary-real-estate-disposition document. Father, in fact, asked the district court to 

provide this time. But the district court signed the judgment immediately. Mother argued 

against the district court’s disposition of the homestead at trial and in post-trial motions and 

had no right to an additional opportunity to object. Additionally, mother does not assert any 

prejudice from the failure of the district court to postpone signing. Because the district court 

was not bound by father’s offer to allow mother time to respond, we find no merit in 

mother’s assertion that the district court abused its discretion by signing the disposition 

judgment immediately.

Affirmed.