* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is

not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,

and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value

consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.

** All judges of the Tenth Circuit are recused in this matter. The Honorable

Arthur L. Alarcón, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the

Honorable Raymond C. Clevenger, III, United States Court of Appeals for the

Federal Circuit, and the Honorable Louis H. Pollak, United States District Court

for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, are sitting by intercircuit designation.

FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

March 30, 2010

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL GALESI, an individual,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

TOM SEYMOUR;

ROBERT BURTON,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 09-5009

(D.C. No. 4:07-CV-00557-GKF-FHM)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before ALARCÓN and CLEVENGER, Senior Circuit Judges, and POLLAK,

Senior District Judge.**

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This diversity dispute requires us to determine whether appellant Michael

Galesi timely filed his legal malpractice suit within Oklahoma’s two-year statute

of limitations. The district court determined he did not, but Mr. Galesi contends

that Oklahoma’s discovery rule tolled the accrual of his cause of action until he

actually discovered the alleged malpractice. We conclude that Oklahoma’s

discovery rule did not toll the limitations period and that Mr. Galesi reasonably

should have known of the alleged harm nearly four years before he filed his

complaint. Accordingly, we exercise jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and

affirm.

I

This case was spawned by this court’s decision in Olcott v. Delaware Flood

Company, 327 F.3d 1115, 1125-26 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1089

(2003), where, among other things, we affirmed a prejudgment interest award

against Mr. Galesi. Although we affirmed the award, we remanded for a

recalculation of its proper amount pursuant to New Jersey law. Id. at 1126. On

remand, the trial court directed the parties to submit proposals for recalculated

interest, and, to that end, Olcott submitted a proposal claiming he was entitled to

$2,573,974.77. Mr. Galesi, who was represented by appellees at the time, did not

file a response or otherwise object to Olcott’s proposal. Consequently, the trial

court accepted Olcott’s figure and on August 27, 2003, assessed prejudgment

interest against Mr. Galesi in the amount of $2,573,974.77.

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Several days later, on September 8, 2003, appellees petitioned the Supreme

Court on behalf of Mr. Galesi for certiorari from this court’s decision in Olcott. 

The certiorari petition repeatedly referenced the trial court’s revised prejudgment

interest order, see, e.g., Aplt. App., Vol. I at 119, 127, 132-33, 137, which was

appended to the petition, id. at 207-08. Olcott responded on November 18, 2003,

and specifically discussed the prejudgment interest award. See id., Vol. II at 460. 

And on December 15, 2003, the Supreme Court denied certiorari, conclusively

ending the Olcott litigation. Galesi v. Olcott, 540 U.S. 1089 (2003). Nearly four

years later, on October 3, 2007, Mr. Galesi filed this malpractice action.

Appellees moved for summary judgment, claiming the malpractice suit was

barred by Oklahoma’s two-year statute of limitations. See Okla. Stat. tit. 12,

§ 95(A)(3). The district court agreed and granted the motion. It concluded that

under Oklahoma law, Mr. Galesi’s cause of action accrued no later than

December 15, 2003, when the Supreme Court denied certiorari and terminated the

underlying litigation. See Stephens v. Gen. Motors Corp., 905 P.2d 797, 799

(Okla. 1995) (holding that statute of limitations began to run on a malpractice

claim when underlying case concluded). But referencing the certiorari petition

and Olcott’s response, both of which reflect Mr. Galesi’s knowledge of the trial

court’s prejudgment interest award, the court noted that Mr. Galesi was on inquiry

notice as early as September and November of 2003. 

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Despite the district court’s recognition that Mr. Galesi should have known

of the alleged negligence in September and November of 2003, Mr. Galesi now

contends on appeal that his October 3, 2007, complaint was timely because the

discovery rule tolled the accrual of his cause of action until December 19, 2005,

when he actually discovered the alleged malpractice. We agree with the district

court’s conclusion that Mr. Galesi’s cause of action accrued no later than

December 15, 2003, when the underlying case was concluded. See Stephens,

905 P.2d at 799. But this appeal concerns whether the discovery rule tolled the

limitations period beyond the conclusion of the underlying litigation, until 2005. 

We conclude, under a de novo standard of review, Trans-Western Petroleum, Inc.

v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 584 F.3d 988, 992 (10th Cir. 2009), and applying Oklahoma

law, see State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Boellstorff, 540 F.3d 1223, 1228

(10th Cir. 2008) (applying state law in a diversity action to resolve statute of

limitations dispute), that the discovery rule is of no avail to Mr. Galesi because he

was on inquiry notice no later than November of 2003.

II

The Oklahoma Supreme Court has repeatedly held that the statute of

limitations for a legal malpractice claim “‘begins to run from the date the

negligent act occurred or from the date the plaintiff should have known of the act

complained of.’” Stephens, 905 P.2d at 799 (quoting Funnell v. Jones, 737 P.2d

105, 107 (Okla. 1985)). “The discovery rule allows a plaintiff to establish

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that . . . the injury could not be discovered until a time after the occurrence of

the negligence. Under the discovery rule, the limitation period begins to run

from the time [the] plaintiff knew or should have known of the injury.” MBA

Commercial Constr., Inc. v. Roy J. Hannaford Co., 818 P.2d 469, 472 n.4

(Okla. 1991) (quotation omitted); see also Smith v. Layon, 170 P.3d 1046, 1048

(Okla. Civ. App. 2007) (concluding that cause of action accrued upon resolution

of underlying case, when “[p]laintiff was put on inquiry notice of his claims and

he discovered or should have reasonably discovered his alleged injuries”); Ranier

v. Stuart & Freida, P.C., 887 P.2d 339, 343 (Okla. Civ. App. 1994) (“A statute of

limitations for a legal malpractice action may be tolled until resolution on appeal

of the underlying case if the client has not become aware of the harm prior to the

decision on appeal.”). “[P]roper application of the discovery rule demands that

the determinative factor be the client’s knowledge of the injury.” Ranier,

887 P.2d at 343. 

Here, knowledge of Mr. Galesi’s claim was imputed to him no later than

November of 2003, when he reasonably should have discovered that appellees did

not oppose the Olcott proposal. The trial court’s revised prejudgment interest

order, filed on August 27, 2003, expressly stated that “Defendants have not filed

any Opposition [to Olcott’s proposed prejudgment interest calculation].” Aplt.

App., Vol. II at 697. This order, which was repeatedly referenced in Mr. Galesi’s

September 2003 petition for certiorari, alerted Mr. Galesi that appellees did not

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object to the Olcott proposal. The order itself was appended to the certiorari

petition, and it was discussed in Olcott’s November 2003 response. We agree

with the district court’s determination that these circumstances adequately put

Mr. Galesi on inquiry notice of his claim by November of 2003 at the latest. The

discovery rule therefore affords no further tolling beyond the resolution of the

underlying litigation. 

But Mr. Galesi argues that he was not damaged solely by appellees’ failure

to file an opposition to Olcott’s proposed prejudgment interest calculation. 

According to Mr. Galesi, appellees’ inaction could have signaled their belief that

the Olcott proposal was correct, and it was not until he communicated with them

on December 19, 2005, that he actually discovered the extent of their malpractice. 

On that date, Mr. Galesi claims, he discovered appellees not only failed to oppose

Olcott’s proposal, but that they also failed to object or respond to it, failed to

“research and confirm [its] accuracy,” failed to “advise the court of a proper

computation of interest,” and failed to “engage New Jersey counsel to advise

them on New Jersey law.” Aplt. Br. at 15. Given the breadth of appellees’

negligence, Mr. Galesi asserts, he could not have discovered his injuries simply

from appellees’ failure to oppose the Olcott proposal.

Whatever distinctions Mr. Galesi may draw between appellees’ alleged

shortcomings—their failure to oppose, object, respond, or confirm the accuracy of

Olcott’s proposal, or hire New Jersey counsel to do so—the inescapable fact is

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1 To the extent Mr. Galesi suggests appellees fraudulently concealed their

alleged negligence, he failed to raise the issue below and thus preserve it for

appeal. Cf. United Fid. Life Ins. Co. v. Law Firm of Best, Sharp, Thomas &

Glass, 624 F.2d 145, 148 (10th Cir. 1980) (finding fraudulent concealment

adequately pleaded where complaint alleged attorneys failed to report the case

status, failed to advise client of an adverse order and other pertinent filings, and

“sought to conceal [their] errors and mistakes” (quotation omitted)). The

argument is untenable in any event, as the record demonstrates that Mr. Galesi

knew or should have known in 2003 that appellees filed no opposition to Olcott’s

interest calculation, yet he waited until 2005 to question them about the omission. 

See Funnell, 737 P.2d at 107 (“One relying on fraudulent concealment to toll the

statute of limitation must not only show that he did not know facts constituting a

cause of action, but that he exercised reasonable diligence to ascertain such

facts.” (quotation omitted)).

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that all of Mr. Galesi’s allegations derive from his assertion that the Olcott

proposal for recalculated interest was wrong and appellees failed to contest it. 

Mr. Galesi’s claim, then, necessarily rests upon his attorneys’ failure to challenge

the Olcott proposal or otherwise submit a proposal on his behalf – for whatever

reason. Because he knew or should have known by November of 2003 that

appellees did not challenge the Olcott proposal, he may not invoke the discovery

rule based on allegations stemming from the same omission. The two-year

limitations period thus expired well before the complaint was filed in this action

on October 3, 2007. Accordingly, the district court was correct to grant

appellees’ motion for summary judgment.1

The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

Arthur L. Alarcón

Senior Circuit Judge

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1

 It is unclear when exactly Mr. Galesi become aware even of the failure to file an

opposition. App. 408-09.

09-5009, Galesi v. Seymour, et al.

POLLAK, District Judge, dissenting.

I write separately, not because I find the court’s position to be an

unreasonable view of the facts as they would likely be established at trial, but

because in my view there is a disputed issue of material fact that prevents the

grant of summary judgment to the defendants. I differ with the court only on the

issue of whether undisputed facts compel the conclusion that Mr. Galesi should

have been aware, no later than November of 2003, of the existence of an injury

that was attributable to the defendants’ alleged malpractice. 

The court concludes that defendants’ failure to challenge, on Mr. Galesi’s

behalf, the Olcott proposal, recalculating pre-judgment interest in accordance

with New Jersey law, should have put Mr. Galesi on inquiry notice. However, in

his declaration, Galesi claims to have not discovered that the recalculation was

flawed, with resultant injury, until his telephone conversation with defendant

Burton of December 19, 2005. App. 406-07. Given this declaration, I disagree

with the court that the failure to file a response to the Olcott recalculation put Mr.

Galesi on inquiry notice as a matter of law. 

Even assuming that Mr. Galesi was aware of the failure to oppose the

Olcott recalculation,1

 such a failure to oppose a filing does not necessarily put a

reasonable litigant on inquiry notice that he had a malpractice claim. Mr. Galesi

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may have been entitled to trust his attorneys’ judgment until he had more concrete

evidence of malpractice. Whether Mr. Galesi knew or should have known of his

former attorneys’ alleged malpractice is a matter appropriately determined at trial. 

See, e.g., N.C. Corff P’Ship, LTD v. OXY USA, Inc., 929 P.2d 288, 294 (Okla.

Civ. App. 1996) (stating that whether a plaintiff should have been aware of injury

to his land was a question of fact for the jury). “[The] limitation period begins to

run from the date the negligent act occurred or from the date the plaintiff should

have known of the act complained of.” Funnell v. Jones, 737 P.2d 105, 107

(Okla. 1985) (citing McCarroll v. Doctors Gen. Hosp., 664 P.2d 382 (Okla.

1983)). 

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