# Patent

## Title
Impulse cartridge

## Abstract

An impulse cartridge having multiple charges that are independently activatable. The impulse cartridge is further voltage polarity independent through the use of diodes. The polarity independence provides increased reliability.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/726,850 filed Mar. 18, 2010 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,267,014, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. This application further claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/289,242, filed Dec. 22, 2009, the disclosure of which is also expressly incorporated by reference herein.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
The invention described herein includes contributions by one or more employees of the Department of the Navy made in performance of official duties and may be manufactured, used, licensed by, or for the United States Government without payment of any royalties thereon.


BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates generally to ejectors. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to ejectors having multiple bays and various components present to facilitate ejection therefrom.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an impulse cartridge is provided including: a housing; a plurality of squib cups, each squib cup containing an electrically activatable charge; two electrical input contacts; and circuitry that selectively transmits energy from the input contacts to the electrically activatable charges, the circuitry configured to apply energy to a first charge of the electrically activatable charges independently of application of energy to a second charge of the activatable charges, the circuitry operating consistently regardless of the polarity of the energy applied to the electrical input contacts.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an impulse cartridge is provided, the impulse cartridge including: a housing defining an internal bore; a first electrical contact, a second electrical contact encircling the first electrical contact, the first and second electrical contacts being located entirely within the internal bore, and an electrically activatable charge electrically coupled to the first and second electrical contacts.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an impulse cartridge is provided including: a housing; a plurality of squib cups, each squib cup containing an electrically activatable charge; two electrical input contacts; and circuitry including at least two diodes, the circuitry selectively transmitting energy from the input contacts to the electrically activatable charges, the circuitry configured to conduct a first voltage that is below a breakdown voltage for the at least two diodes to a first charge of the electrically activatable charges while preventing the first voltage from being conducted to the second charge of the electrically activatable charges, and the circuitry configured to conduct a second voltage to a second charge of the electrically activatable charges independently of the conduction of the first voltage to the first charge of the activatable charges.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an impulse cartridge is provided, the impulse cartridge including: a housing; a plurality of squib cups, each squib cup containing an electrically activatable charge; two electrical input contacts; and circuitry including at least two diodes. The circuitry selectively transmits energy from the input contacts to the electrically activatable charges. The circuitry is configured to conduct a first voltage that is below a breakdown voltage for the at least two diodes to a first charge of the electrically activatable charges while preventing the first voltage from being conducted to the second charge of the electrically activatable charges. The circuitry is configured to conduct a second voltage to a second charge of the electrically activatable charges independently of the conduction of the first voltage to the first charge of the activatable charges.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an interface sealing device is provided including: a first metal housing including a first explosive charge therein, the first metal housing having a first surface and a second surface; an outer wall adjacent the first metal housing, the first surface being expandable upon receiving a first amount of force from activation of the first explosive charge, expansion of the first metal housing providing sealing of an interface between the first surface of the first metal housing and the outer wall adjacent thereto, the first surface configured to maintain its sealing integrity up to a third amount of force generated by the first explosive charge, the second surface predictably failing when experiencing a second amount of force generated by the first explosive charge, the third amount of force being greater than the second amount of force and the second amount of force being greater than the first amount of force.
Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the presently perceived best mode of carrying out the disclosure.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The detailed description of the drawings particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of an illustrative projectile ejection device disposed in a block for holding multiple projectile devices, an impulse cartridge, and an orientation adapter coupled to a breech plate;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the projectile device, impulse cartridge, and orientation adapter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the impulse cartridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the impulse cartridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the impulse cartridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4A is a plan view of the orientation adapter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4B is a bottom perspective view of the orientation adapter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4C is an exploded view of the orientation adapter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the projectile device of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the projectile device of FIG. 1 with one charge detonated;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the circuitry present in the impulse cartridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing steps taken to assemble the projectile device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the steps taken to assemble the impulse cartridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the steps taken to assemble the orientation adapter of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the steps taken to manufacture the projectile device of FIG. 1.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows projectile system 8 including a projectile device 10 partially disposed in block 12, shows impulse cartridge 14 positioned for installation in projectile device 10, and shows orientation adapter 13 coupled to breech plate 15 and positioned for installation in impulse cartridge 14.
Projectile device 10 includes housing 16 and end caps 18. Housing 16 is illustratively metallic (such as aluminum), substantially cylindrical, and includes propellant end 20 and ejection end 22, (step 400).
Propellant end 20 includes cartridge retainer 23 having bore 24 sized and shaped to receive impulse cartridge 14 therein. Bore 24 is defined within propellant end 20 as a multi-diametered bore having base wall 26 and side wall 28. Base wall 26 is formed having pockets 25 that receive portions of impulse cartridge 14 therein. Pockets 25 contain areas of reduced wall thickness 27 relative to other wall portions such that it forms shear disks 29 that are discussed in more detail below.
Ejection end 22 is opposite propellant end 20 and illustratively includes payload bores 30 having a depth that takes up substantially all the length of housing 16 (excluding that portion of the length used to define bore 24 in propellant end 20, see FIG. 5). Payload bores 30 are sized to at least partially receive end caps 18 therein. End caps 18 include gaskets 32 that provide a seal between end caps 18 and the interior walls of payload bores 30.
As shown most clearly in FIG. 5, payload bores 30 illustratively receive payloads 34 therein (step 402). Payloads 34 include pistons 36 and projectiles 38. While the present disclosure shows projectiles 38 having multiple components, the concepts of the current disclosure can be used in many projectile accelerating applications and many pressure sealing applications. Once payloads 34 are within payload bores 30, end caps 18 are applied, (step 404).
Pistons 36 approximate pieces having a compressible perimeter slightly larger than the inner dimensions of payload bores 30. In this manner, pistons 36 separate payload bore 30 into fore chamber 44 and rear chamber 46. Furthermore, pistons 36 serve as a surface upon which pressure generated in rear chamber 46 can act, as discussed below. Projectile 38 is located in fore chamber 44. Pistons 36 may also include bores 41, FIG. 5, that are sized and shaped to receive igniter pellets therein. Alternatively, bores 41 do not receive igniter pellets therein but rather provide clearance space for the intrusion of shear disks 29.
Impulse cartridge (I/C) 14, FIGS. 3A-C, is illustratively an electrically activated impulse cartridge. I/C 14 includes a substantially cylindrical housing 64, post contact 66, annular contact 68, circuitry 70, and squibs 72. Housing 64 is illustratively constructed from metal, such as aluminum. Housing 64 has an external profile sized to be received in bore 24. Housing 64 further includes connection bore 65 disposed therein. (Step 200)
Circuitry 70, FIG. 7, is located in bore 65, step 202, and is in electrical communication with post contact 66, step 204, and annular contact 68, step 206, and includes Zener diodes 82, capacitors 84, and bridge wires 86 within squibs 72. It should be appreciated that while FIG. 9 shows step 202 occurring before steps 204 and 206, steps 204 and 206 could occur before step 202. Squibs 72 are intended to fire based on two distinct and different firing voltages (a low and a high voltage) being provided from an external controller 90. Circuitry 70, when receiving a low voltage, allows direct current to flow to bridgewire 86b of squib 72b and inhibits current flow (via Zener diodes 82a&b) to bridgewire 86a of second squib 72a. Zener diodes 82a&b permit current flow in a forward direction like a normal diode, but also permit flow in the reverse direction if the supply voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage of diode 82. Hence, if the voltage applied is lower than the Zener breakdown voltage, squib 72b will see current at bridgewire 86b which will heat the wire and ignite ignition mix 71. Subsequently, bridgewire 86a of squib 72a will not see current flow until a higher voltage is applied and breaks down one of Zener diodes 82a&b. Given that Zener diodes 82 are directional, circuitry 70 is wired with two diodes 82 (one on each side of the high side squib 72a/bridge wire 86a) such that regardless of the polarity imparted on post contact 66 and annular contact 68, impulse cartridge 14 is able to operate as desired. Stated another way, for a first polarity, Zener diode 82a freely allows flow there across, but Zener diode 82b requires the application of a breakdown voltage before flow there across is allowed. Thus, because Zener diode 82b is in the same trace as Zener diode 82a, for the first polarity, Zener diode 82b must be broken down before flow through either Zener diode 82a&b is permitted. Similarly, for a second polarity, opposite the first polarity, Zener diode 82b freely allows flow there across, but Zener diode 82a requires the application of a breakdown voltage before flow there across is allowed. Thus, because Zener diode 82a is in the same trace as Zener diode 82b, for the second polarity, Zener diode 82a must be broken down before flow through either Zener diode 82a&b is permitted. Accordingly, regardless of the polarity of the applied voltage signal, one of the Zener diodes 82a&b must be broken down to allow the signal to reach bridge wire 86a of squib 72a. Controlling the voltage to I/C 14 results in the ability to independently fire the multiple bays of the ejector.
To allow impulse cartridge 14 to be HERO (Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance) safe, various features were also incorporated into the design to reduce its sensitivity to outside electromagnetic radiation: housing 64 is constructed of an aluminum that is nickel plated; a flexible EMI absorption ferrite shield (not shown) is applied to the backside of impulse cartridge 14 between the post contact 66, annular contact 68 and the housing 64, and capacitors 84 are applied across bridge wires 86 of each squib 72.
Squibs 72 each include squib cups 73 that contain ignition mix 71 and expellant charge 77, steps 208, 210. Expellant charge 77 is illustratively smokeless powder and ignition mix 71 is a titanium and potassium perchlorate based blend. Ignition mix 71 is ignitable by an electric signal transmitted from circuitry 70 to bridge wire 86. Expellant charge 77 is ignitable by activated ignition mix 71. Squib cups 73 are constructed from soft aluminum, coupled to housing 64 (step 212), and sized to be a slip fit into cavity 25. When internally pressurized, the soft aluminum of each squib cup 73 is able to swell and expand outward and seal against the walls of cavity 25 and shown in FIG. 6. To prevent an undesired failure of squib cups 73 within impulse cartridge 14, stainless steel obturating rings 88 are installed around the portions of squib cups 73 retained within impulse cartridge 14 and not intended to swell. Furthermore, squib cups 73 are designed to predictably fail to allow the escape of pressurized gas into contact with shear disks 29. Accordingly, as the expellant charge is ignited and generates explosive pressure, the pressure first reaches a pressure that causes the sides of squib cups 73 to expand. As pressure continues to build to a second pressure, a second portion of squib cups 73, such as the bottoms, predictably fail to release the building pressure of hot gases and particulate. Squib cups 73 undergo hard coat anodizing. Hard coat anodizing of the aluminum squib cups 73 reduces the frictional force required to remove the fired impulse cartridge 14 or swelled squibs 72 from cavities 25 in the projectile device 10.
Orientation adapter 13 includes body 76, contact pins 78 (step 300), and spring contacts 80 (Step 302). Body 76 is sized to seat within connection bore 65. Body 76 is constructed from an electrical insulator such as plastic. Contact pins 78 extend from body 76. Contact pins 78 are further sized and spaced to be received in contact sockets (not shown) in breech plate 15. Contact pins 78 are electrically coupled to spring contacts 80 and the connection extends through body 76, step 304. Spring contacts 80 are illustratively copper beryllium leaf springs which have been copper, silver, and gold plated to interface with post contact 66 and annular contact 68. Post contact 66 and annular contact 58 are fabricated from brass and also copper, silver, and gold plated. The beryllium copper based spring contacts with aforementioned plating maintain continuity with post contact 66 and annular contact 68 in an operational environment. Spring contacts 80 are positioned such that when located within connection bore 65 of cartridge retainer 23 one spring contact 80 engages post contact 66 and one spring contact engages annular contact 68. As noted with respect to circuitry 70, it is irrelevant which of contact pins 78 is electrically coupled to each of spring contacts 80 and eventually post contact 66 and annular contact 68. Furthermore, circuitry 70 renders irrelevant which contact pin 78 engages which receiving bore (not shown) in breech plate 15. It should be appreciated that one spring contact 80 engages post contact 66 and one spring contact 80 engages annular contact 68 regardless of the angular orientation that the orientation adapter 13 assumes relative to I/C 14. Indeed, orientation adapter 13 can be rotated relative to I/C 14 when seated within connection bore 65 while maintaining electrical contact between orientation adapter 13 and I/C 14.
Once projectile device 10 is assembled, step 100, FIG. 8, all of the components located in payload bore 30, including end cap 18 are assembled and stored in the assembled condition. In further assembly, at some point, such as just before being loaded into a magazine block 12, impulse cartridge 14 is seated within bore 24, step 102. When so placed, impulse cartridge 14 is aligned within bore 24 such that squib cups 73 are aligned with pockets 25. However, it should be appreciated that housing 16 and projectile device 10 may assume any rotational orientation when placed in block 12. Additionally, breech plate 15 defines a set orientation in which it can receive contact pins 78 of orientation adapter 13. Accordingly, orientation adapter 13 is electrically coupled to breech plate 15, step 104. This assembly is completed for a plurality of impulse cartridges 14, projectile devices 10, and orientation adapters 13.
Once projectile devices 10 with impulse cartridges 14 are placed in block 12 and orientation adapters 13 are coupled to breech plate 15, the plurality of orientation adapters 13 are placed within respective bores 24 to complete assembly, step 106. The assembled block 12 and breech plate 15 is then ready to be loaded into a receiver (not shown) and ready to be coupled to an ignition source (not shown).
However, it should be appreciated that un-activated impulse cartridge 14 can readily be separated from housing 16 without harming any of the components and maintaining a hermetic seal of device 10. Notably, when a magazine block 12 is removed from its receiver and projectile devices 10 are removed from the magazine block, impulse cartridges 14 are removed from bore 24 to allow independent storage of projectile device 10 having a decreased likelihood of unintentional activation. Accordingly, in an unpressurized (or ambiently pressurized) state, housing 16 provides a slip fit with impulse cartridge 14 that imparts a first coefficient of friction between housing 16 and housing 64 that is very low and only slightly discourages I/C 14 from falling out of bore 24. The first coefficient of friction can be easily overcome by an individual or automated process pulling I/C 14 from bore 24 or by gravity when inverting an assembled projectile device 10 while holding housing 16.
In use, when properly positioned, end cap 18 is aimed and contact pins 78 are coupled to controller 90 which includes a voltage source. When directed, controller 90 imparts a voltage to pair of contact pins 78. In the provided example, a first voltage (low voltage) imparted to contact pins 78 activates a first charge in squib 72 which contains ignition mix 71 and expellant charge 77. Activation of contain ignition mix 71 and expellant charge 77 causes a rapid gas expansion or pressure to be applied to sides 74 and bottom 75 of first squib cup 73. The outward expansion of sides 74 against bore 25 obstructs gases from flowing in a negative direction between squib cup 73 and bore 25. Eventually, bottom 75 predictably fails and allows gas to fill the innermost portion of bore 25. The gas is effectively trapped within squib cups 73 and bore 25. The seal formed by explosively forming the side 74 of the soft aluminum squib cups 73 to the wall of bore 25 prevents soot from coming into contact with the electronic elements that impart voltage to contact pins 78 and also provides for improved ballistic consistency of payload 34 by minimizing gases by-passing around impulse cartridge 14 and out the propellant end 20 of projectile device 10. When the pressure reaches a third level, portions of reduced wall thickness 27 in pressurized pocket 25 fracture and release shear disk 29. The pressurized gas and hot particulate is then able to expand into rear chamber 46 of payload bore 30. A firing of an projectile device 10 is expected to generate between 1400-2000 psi within rear chamber 46 and bore 24.
As gas and hot particulate accumulates in rear chamber 46 of payload bore 30, piston 36 is urged away from propellant end 20 and towards ejection end 22. This urging results in expelling/deployment of end cap 18 and payload 34 from payload bore 30. If needed, the hot particulate from squib 72 can be sufficient to provide ignition transfer to payload 34.
Although the disclosure has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as described and defined in the following claims.

## Claims

1. An impulse cartridge system including:
a housing comprising a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of squib cups, each squib cup containing an electrically activatable charge, said squib cups comprising a first and second surface, the first surface being expandable upon receiving a first amount of force from activation of the electrically activatable charge, expansion of the squib cup providing sealing of an interface between the first surface and a wall of an adjacent one of said plurality of cavities thereto, the first surface configured to maintain its sealing integrity up to a third amount of force generated by the electrically activatable charge, the second surface deforming or structurally failing when experiencing a second amount of force generated by the electrically activatable charge, the third amount of force being greater than the second amount of force and the second amount of force being greater than the first amount of force;
two electrical input contacts; and
circuitry that selectively transmits energy from the input contacts to the electrically activatable charges, the circuitry configured to apply energy to a first charge of the electrically activatable charges independently of application of energy to a second charge of the activatable charges, the circuitry operating consistently regardless of the polarity of the energy applied to the electrical input contacts.

2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein a first input applied to the two electrical contacts causes the circuitry to apply energy to the first activatable charge and a second input applied to the two electrical contacts causes the circuitry to apply energy to the second activatable charge.

3. The cartridge of claim 2, wherein the first input is of a first voltage and the second input is of a second voltage, the first voltage being different from the second voltage.

4. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the circuitry provides for an input applied to the two electrical input contacts having a first polarity to break down a first diode and an input applied to the two electrical input contacts having a second polarity that is opposite of the first polarity provides for breaking down a second diode.

5. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the circuitry includes at least one Zener diode that provides for the activation of each electrically activatable charge to be independent of the activation of the other electrically activatable charge.

6. The cartridge of claim 5, wherein a first sub-circuit is employed when input having a first voltage is applied to the two electrical input contacts and a second sub-circuit is employed when input having a second voltage is applied to the two electrical inputs contacts, the first and second sub-circuits being separated by the at least one Zener diode.

7. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the first sub-circuit can selectively activate a first charge of the activatable charges and the second sub-circuit can selectively activate a second charge of the activatable charges.

8. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the first voltage is below a breakdown voltage of the at least one zener diode and the second voltage is above the breakdown voltage of the at least one zener diode.

9. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein said two electrical contacts comprise a post contact and an annular contact, wherein the housing provides a hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance safe enclosure for the circuitry comprising
a housing constructed of an aluminum that is nickel plated; and
a flexible electromagnetic interference absorption shield positioned in proximity to said circuitry and formed between said post contact, annular contact and the housing;
wherein said cartridge further comprises capacitors applied across bridge wires of each said electrically activatable charges.

10. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the circuitry employs diodes that interact with the voltage of the input to the two electrical contacts to allow voltages below a diode breakdown voltage to complete a circuit across one of the squib cups and to prevent voltages below the diode breakdown voltage from completing a circuit across one of the squib cups.

11. The cartridge of claim 1, further including programmable circuitry external to the housing, the programmable circuitry defining an amount of delay time between when a first input is applied to the two electrical contacts and when a second input is applied to the two electrical contacts.

12. The cartridge of claim 11, further including a second metal housing including a second explosive charge therein, the second metal housing being similarly constructed as the first metal housing.

13. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising obturating rings installed around portions of said squib cups retained within said impulse cartridge, said rings are adapted to resist swelling upon activation of said electrically activatable charges.

14. The cartridge of claim 13, wherein said obturating rings are formed from stainless steel.