[Cite as Kinasz v. S.W. Gen. Health Ctr., 2014-Ohio-402.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA 

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION 

No. 100182

MARY KINASZ, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF 

THE ESTATE OF JUSTYNA KINASZ (DECEASED)

PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT 

vs. 

SOUTHWEST GENERAL HEALTH 

CENTER, ET AL.

DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES 

JUDGMENT: 

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; REMANDED 

Civil Appeal from the 

Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas 

Case No. CV 13-807768 

BEFORE: Rocco, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and E.T. Gallagher, J. 

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 6, 2014 
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Richard O. Mazanec 

Wheeler & Manzanec 

55 Public Square, Suite 850 

Cleveland, Ohio 44113 

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES 

C. Richard McDonald 

Beverly A. Adams 

Davis & Young 

1200 Fifth Third Center 

600 Superior Avenue, East 

Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2654 
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.: 

{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Mary Kinasz, as personal representative of the estate of 

Justyna Kinasz, appeals from the decision of the Cuyahoga County Court of Common 

Pleas granting defendants-appellees Southwest General Health Center and Southwest 

General Hospital’s (collectively “Southwest General”) motion to dismiss pursuant to 

Civ.R. 12(B)(6) and dismissing her complaint with prejudice. The common pleas court 

dismissed Kinasz’s complaint on the ground that Kinasz could not proceed pro se, on 

behalf of the estate, in litigation against the defendants. Kinasz argues that the trial court 

erred as a matter of law or abused its discretion in dismissing the complaint with prejudice 

without providing prior notice under Civ.R. 41(B)(1). For the reasons set forth below, 

we find that the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint with prejudice. We, 

therefore, reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the case to the trial court with 

instructions to dismiss the complaint without prejudice. 

{¶2} On May 21, 2013, Kinasz, as personal representative of the estate of Justyna 

Kinasz, refiled, pro se, a medical malpractice complaint against Southwest General and 

various John Doe defendants, alleging that they had provided substandard care to Kinasz’s 

mother, Justyna Kinasz (“Justyna”), while treating her at Southwest General Hospital on 

April 22, 2011, and that Justyna had sustained severe and permanent injuries and damages 
as a result of their negligence or recklessness. Kinasz had previously filed and dismissed 

her original complaint without prejudice pursuant to Civ.R. 41(A)(1).1

 

{¶3} On June 17, 2013, Southwest General filed a motion to dismiss the refiled 

complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief could 

be granted. Southwest General requested that the complaint be dismissed without 

prejudice on the grounds that Kinasz, who was not an attorney, could not represent the 

estate of Justyna Kinasz nor proceed pro se on behalf of the estate under Ohio law. On 

June 24, 2013, Kinasz filed a motion for extension of time to respond to Southwest 

General’s motion to dismiss, claiming that she was in the process of retaining an attorney 

to represent the estate in the case. The trial court denied her motion, observing that the 

case was Kinasz’s second attempt at handling the matter in a pro se manner and that the 

prior case had been voluntarily dismissed while a similar motion was pending. The court 

ordered that if Kinasz did not file a timely response to the motion to dismiss, the motion 

would be considered unopposed. On June 27, 2013, Kinasz filed a timely response in 

which she merely reiterated her request for an extension of time to retain an attorney to 

pursue a wrongful death and/or medical malpractice action on behalf of the estate. 

 1 Kinasz, as personal representative of the estate of Justyna Kinasz, filed her original pro se 

complaint on October 10, 2012, in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. CV 

12-793313. On December 10, 2012, after Southwest General filed a motion to dismiss the complaint 

on the grounds that the estate was not represented by counsel, she voluntarily dismissed the complaint 

without prejudice pursuant to Civ.R. 41(A)(1). The record does not contain the original complaint or 

Southwest General’s original Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion, but the dates are referenced in other documents 

in the record. 
{¶4} On July 1, 2013, the trial court granted Southwest General’s motion to 

dismiss, stating that Ohio law “is clear that an estate cannot be represented by a 

non-attorney” and that Kinasz “does not contest this point of law.” With respect to 

Kinasz’s request for additional time to locate counsel for the estate, the trial court stated 

that Kinasz had had plenty of time to find an attorney to represent the estate and should 

have done so prior to refiling the complaint. The trial court dismissed the action with 

prejudice. 

{¶5} Kinasz appealed, presenting the following two assignments of error: 

Assignment of Error I 

The trial court erred as a matter of law by dismissing the plaintiff’s 

complaint on its own motion with prejudice without providing notice of its 

intent to dismiss with prejudice to the plaintiff as required by Civ.R. 

41(B)(1) and Ohio case law. 

Assignment of Error II 

The trial court abused its discretion in dismissing the plaintiff’s complaint 

with prejudice without giving prior notice of its intent to dismiss with 

prejudice to the plaintiff. 

{¶6} As an initial matter, we first consider whether this court has jurisdiction to 

review this case. Although the parties do not raise the issue of jurisdiction, this court will 

“address the issue when jurisdiction appears uncertain.” FirstEnergy Corp. v. Cleveland, 

182 Ohio App.3d 357, 2009-Ohio-2257, 912 N.E.2d 1156, ¶ 3 (8th Dist.), citing Kohout v. 

Church of St. Rocco Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88969, 2008-Ohio-1819, and Mosley 

v. 131 Foods, Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87696, 2006-Ohio-5719. 
{¶7} Appellate courts have jurisdiction to review final, appealable orders from 

lower courts. See Article IV, Section 3(B)(2), Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2505.02. In the 

absence of a final, appealable order, the appellate court lacks jurisdiction to review the 

matter and must dismiss the case sua sponte. Scanlon v. Scanlon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 

97724, 2012-Ohio-2514, ¶ 5, citing Deutsche Bank Natl. Co. v. Caldwell, 196 Ohio 

App.3d 636, 2011-Ohio-4508, 964 N.E.2d 1093, ¶ 6 (8th Dist.). As this court has 

previously held: 

“It is well established that in a matter in which multiple claims or parties are 

involved, a judgment entry that enters final judgment as to one or more, but 

fewer than all, the pending claims is not a final, appealable order in the 

absence of Civ.R. 54(B) language stating that ‘there is no just reason for 

delay.’” Scanlon at ¶ 6, quoting Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Allen, 8th Dist. 

Cuyahoga No. 96611, 2012-Ohio-175, 969 N.E.2d 309, ¶ 12. 

{¶8} In Mosley, supra, this court held that where an action includes claims against 

John Doe defendants as to which the one-year period for service has not expired and the 

plaintiff has not expressly abandoned the claims against the John Doe defendants, a 

judgment in favor of other defendants that does not include the “no just reason for delay” 

language of Civ.R. 54(B) is not a final, appealable order. Id. at ¶ 5, citing Colelli & 

Assoc., Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2002 AP 03 0015, 

2002-Ohio-4840, and Jackson-Summers v. Brooks, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86522, 

2006-Ohio-1357, 

¶ 16, fn.1. Here, as in Mosley, the one-year period for service on the John Doe defendants 

had not expired before the court entered judgment, and the plaintiff had not expressly 

abandoned her claims against those defendants. 
{¶9} Although the trial court’s judgment entry did not expressly address the claims 

against the John Doe defendants and did not include the Civ.R. 54(B) language, we 

nonetheless find that we have jurisdiction to review this case. As the Ohio Supreme 

Court explained in Gen. Acc. Ins. Co. v. Ins. Co. of N. Am., 44 Ohio St.3d 17, 540 N.E.2d 

266 (1989), “when all claims and parties are adjudicated in an action, Civ.R. 54(B) 

language is not required to make the judgment final.” Id. at 21, citing Commercial Natl. 

Bank v. Deppen, 65 Ohio St.2d 65, 418 N.E.2d 399 (1981). Further, even if all the claims 

or parties are not expressly adjudicated by the trial court, “if the effect of the judgment as 

to some of the claims is to render moot the remaining claims or parties, then compliance 

with Civ.R. 54(B) is not required to make the judgment final and appealable.” Id. at 21, 

citing Wise v. Gursky, 66 Ohio St.2d 241, 421 N.E.2d 150 (1981), and Harleysville Mut. 

Ins. Co. v. Santora, 3 Ohio App.3d 257, 444 N.E.2d 1076 (8th Dist.1982). 

{¶10} After concluding that the estate could not be represented by a non-attorney 

on a pro se basis, the trial court ordered a complete dismissal of the matter with prejudice 

based upon the unauthorized practice of law. The trial court’s judgment thus effectively 

disposed of all claims against all parties, including the claims against the John Doe 

defendants. Under these circumstances, we find that compliance with Civ.R. 54(B) was 

not required in order to make the trial court’s judgment a final, appealable order and that 

this court, therefore, has jurisdiction to review the matter. 
{¶11} Turning to the merits of the appeal, we review a trial court’s decision 

granting a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss under a de novo standard of review. Doe v. 

Cleveland Metro. School Dist., 2012-Ohio-2497, 972 N.E.2d 637, ¶ 22 (8th Dist.), citing 

Perrysburg Twp. v. Rossford, 103 Ohio St.3d 79, 2004-Ohio-4362, 814 N.E.2d 44, ¶ 5. 

Under this standard of review, we must independently review the record and afford no 

deference to the trial court’s decision. Herakovic v. Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, 8th 

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85467, 2005-Ohio-5985, ¶ 13. 

{¶12} A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be 

granted is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. State ex rel. Hanson v. 

Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 65 Ohio St.3d 545, 548, 605 N.E.2d 378 (1992). To 

prevail on a motion to dismiss pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), it must appear “‘beyond doubt 

that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him 

to relief.’” O’Brien v. Univ. Community Tenants Union, 42 Ohio St.2d 242, 245, 327 

N.E.2d 753 (1975), quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L. Ed.2d 80 

(1957). 

{¶13} The trial court dismissed the complaint in this case on the grounds that 

Kinasz, as a non-attorney, could not represent the estate. R.C. 4705.01 provides, in 

pertinent part: 

No person shall be permitted to practice as an attorney and counselor at law, 

or to commence, conduct, or defend any action or proceeding in which the 

person is not a party concerned, either by using or subscribing the person’s 

own name, or the name of another person, unless the person has been 

admitted to the bar by order of the supreme court in compliance with its 

prescribed and published rules. * * * 
{¶14} “‘[A] personal representative of a decedent’s estate stands in the shoes of the 

decedent to assert claims on behalf of the estate.’” Williams v. Griffith, 10th Dist. 

Franklin No. 09AP-28, 2009-Ohio-4045, ¶ 13, quoting Hosfelt v. Miller, 7th Dist. 

Jefferson No. 97-JE-50, 2000-Ohio-2619. The personal representative represents the 

interests of the statutory next of kin. Id. Under Ohio law, a non-attorney personal 

representative of an estate may not litigate claims on behalf of the estate pro se because 

allowing a pro se litigant to represent others would constitute the unauthorized practice of 

law. See, e.g., id. at ¶ 15 (administrator of a decedent’s estate could not bring a wrongful 

death claim pro se on behalf of next of kin); Heath v. Teich, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 

06AP-1018, 2007-Ohio-2529, ¶ 11-12 (administrator could not pursue appeal on behalf of 

estate pro se; requirement that wrongful death action be brought in the name of personal 

representative of the estate did not “override the limits” on who can practice law under 

R.C. 4705.01); Thompson v. THC, Inc., S.D.Ohio Case No. C-1-07-231, 2008 U.S. Dist. 

LEXIS 75632, *4-6 (Sept. 30, 2008) (dismissal of complaint filed by estate’s administrator 

without prejudice was appropriate because even though administrator was a beneficiary, 

she was not the sole beneficiary and, therefore, could not represent the estate’s interests 

pro se). 

{¶15} Kinasz does not dispute that she lacked authority to bring a pro se action on 

behalf of her mother’s estate. Rather, she contends that the trial court should have either 

(1) dismissed the complaint without prejudice, as requested by the defendants, or, (2) 
given her prior notice of its intent to the dismiss the complaint with prejudice pursuant to 

Civ.R. 41(B)(1). 

 {¶16} Civ.R. 41(B)(1) provides: 

Where the plaintiff fails to prosecute, or comply with these rules or any court 

order, the court upon motion of a defendant or on its own motion may, after 

notice to the plaintiff’s counsel, dismiss an action or claim. 

{¶17} The dismissal in this case was entered pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), not 

Civ.R. 41(B)(1). There is nothing in Civ.R. 12(B)(6) that requires a trial court to notify a 

plaintiff of its intention to grant a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which 

relief can be granted. Williams, 2009-Ohio-4045 at ¶ 9, citing Thrower v. Slaby, 9th Dist. 

Summit No. 16935, 1995 Ohio App. LEXIS 1625 (Apr. 19, 1995). With respect to her 

argument that she had no notice of a potential dismissal, Kinasz received a copy of 

Southwest General’s motion to dismiss and filed a response to the motion. Accordingly, 

she was on notice that the court would rule on the motion and could dismiss the complaint. 

 Kinasz’s argument that she was entitled to prior notice of the trial court’s intention to 

dismiss her complaint under Civ.R. 41(B)(1), therefore, lacks merit. 

{¶18} We do agree, however, that the dismissal should have been without prejudice 

rather than with prejudice. “When a non-attorney files a complaint in a court in violation 

of R.C. 4705.01, the court should dismiss the complaint without prejudice.” Williams v. 

Global Constr. Co., Ltd., 26 Ohio App.3d 119, 498 N.E.2d 500 (10th Dist.1985), paragraph 

two of the syllabus; see also Sheridan Mobile Village, Inc. v. Larsen, 78 Ohio App.3d 203, 

205, 604 N.E.2d 217 (4th Dist.1992); Loughrie v. W. End Motors, Inc., 7th Dist. Jefferson 
No. 95-JE-11, 1995 Ohio App. LEXIS 5444, *4 (Dec. 13, 1995); Micchia v. Matchak, 11th 

Dist. Lake No. 11-217, 1986 Ohio App. LEXIS 9737,*2-3 (Dec. 5, 1986). As the 

Williams court explained, it would be “inconsistent” for a court to hold that a non-attorney 

had no authority to assert a claim on behalf of another, yet hold that the claim the 

non-attorney had wrongfully attempted to assert on behalf of that party was, as a result, 

subject to dismissal with prejudice. Williams, 26 Ohio App.3d at 121. 

{¶19} Accordingly, the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint with prejudice. 

Kinasz’s first assignment of error is sustained in part. We reverse the trial court’s 

judgment in part and remand the case to the trial court with instructions to dismiss the 

complaint without prejudice. 

{¶20} Based upon our resolution of Kinasz’s first assignment of error, her 

remaining assignment of error is moot. 

{¶21} Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. 

It is ordered that appellant and appellees share the costs herein taxed. 

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into 

execution. 

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the 

Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

__________________________________________ 

KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE 
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and 

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR