UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT 

_________________________________ 

STEVEN G. BARKUS, 

 Petitioner - Appellant, 

v. 

JEFFREY H. ROSENLUND, Chief United 

States Probation Officer, District of Utah, 

 Respondent - Appellee. 

No. 21-4034 

(D.C. No. 2:21-CV-00007-DAK) 

(D. Utah) 

_________________________________ 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

_________________________________ 

Before MATHESON, BRISCOE, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges. 

_________________________________ 

*

 After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined 

unanimously to honor the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral 

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore 

submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, 

except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may 

be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 

10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED 

United States Court of Appeals 

Tenth Circuit 

July 7, 2021

Christopher M. Wolpert 

Clerk of Court
2 

Pro se appellant Steven G. Barkus appeals the district court’s dismissal of his 

petition for habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241.1

 Exercising jurisdiction under 28 

U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.2

 

I. BACKGROUND 

A jury convicted Mr. Barkus in the United States District Court for the Northern 

District of Ohio of mail fraud, wire fraud, securities fraud, conspiracy to defraud the 

United States, and tax evasion. The district court sentenced him to 97 months in prison, 

followed by three years of supervised release. See United States v. Lombardo, 582 F. 

App’x 601, 607 (6th Cir. 2014) (unpublished). The Sixth Circuit affirmed. See id. at 

604. 

Mr. Barkus has been serving his supervised release in Ogden, Utah. He filed a 

28 U.S.C. § 2241 habeas petition against the Chief United States Probation Officer in the 

District of Utah. It asserted ineffective assistance of counsel and challenged the validity 

of his conviction. 

The district court dismissed, holding that (1) Mr. Barkus should have presented his 

claim in a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion, but failed to do so; and (2) even if his § 2255 remedy 

was inadequate or ineffective, his § 2241 petition was untimely. 

1

 Because Mr. Barkus appears pro se “we liberally construe his filings, but we 

will not act as his advocate.” James v. Wadas, 724 F.3d 1312, 1315 (10th Cir. 2013). 

2

 A federal habeas petitioner is not required to obtain a certificate of 

appealability to seek review of a district court's denial of a habeas application under 

§ 2241. See Eldridge v. Berkebile, 791 F.3d 1239, 1241 (10th Cir. 2015). 
3 

II. DISCUSSION 

In his brief to this court, Mr. Barkus does not contest the district court’s 

determination that he should have challenged his conviction in a § 2255 motion. He 

argues only that his failure to file a timely § 2241 petition should have been excused 

because he had alleged “actual innocence.” Aplt. Br. at 1. He explains that he had 

identified witnesses and provided documents to his counsel, who failed to present them at 

trial. Id. at 2-3. But he misapprehends what he must show to receive tolling of the 

one-year § 2241 statute of limitations. 

Mr. Barkus “must establish that, in light of new evidence, ‘it is more likely than 

not that no reasonable juror would have found petitioner guilty beyond a reasonable 

doubt.’” House v. Bell, 547 U.S. 518, 536-37 (2006) (quoting Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 

298, 327 (1995)). He must show “new reliable evidence—whether it be exculpatory 

scientific evidence, trustworthy eyewitness accounts, or critical physical evidence—that 

was not [previously available] at trial.” Id. at 537 (quoting Schlup, 513 U.S. at 324). Mr. 

Barkus has not met this burden. The evidence is not new. He was aware of it before 

trial. His argument fails under the “demanding” actual innocence standard. See House, 

547 U.S. at 538.3

 

3

 Mr. Barkus’s reliance in his brief on Lopez v. Trani, 628 F.3d 1228 (10th Cir. 

2010), is misplaced. That case addressed whether a prisoner must diligently pursue an 

actual innocence claim to toll the statute of limitations for a federal habeas claim. 

Whether evidence of actual innocence is “new” is a different question. Mr. Barkus was 

aware of the evidence he relies upon before his trial even started. See San Roman v. 

Vaughn, 442 F. App’x 365, 369 (10th Cir. 2011) (unpublished) (habeas petitioner need 
4 

III. CONCLUSION 

 We affirm the district court’s judgment. 

Entered for the Court 

Scott M. Matheson, Jr. 

Circuit Judge 

not show diligent pursuit of actual innocence claim for tolling but must show “new 

reliable evidence” of actual innocence) (cited for persuasive value under Fed. R. App. P. 

32.1; 10th Cir. R. 32.1(A)).