**CHAPTER 5OPERATIONS**

----

****GENERAL****

Alter, Dinsmore. Editor. *Pictorial Guide to the Moon*. 3dedition. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1973. A general workusing imagery and information from Project Apollo for itspresentation.

Beeler, Mary, and Michlovitz, K. *Lunar Orbiter PhotographicData: Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space ScienceData Center, 1969. This volume announces the availability of lunarorbiter pictorial data and seeks to help users select photographsfor study. Purely a reference tool with charts showing locationsof the photographic coverage by mission.

Benson, Charles D. and Faherty, William Barnaby. *Moonport:A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations*.Washington,DC: NASA SP-4204, 1978. An excellent history of the design andconstruction of the lunar launch facilities at Kennedy SpaceCenter.Of *Moonport*, a reviewer in the *Journal of AmericanHistory*said in 1979, "The authors had access to official documents,letters, and memoranda, and they have apparently consulted allthe relevant historical, technological, and scientific secondarymaterials...; all the involved historians obviously spentconsiderabletime studying and intellectually digesting technical reports andmanuals in order to give their lay readers such lucid accountsof highly complex procedures and operations...; it is importantto public knowledge to have professionally trained historiansemploy historical methods to explain significant events and placethem in a meaningful historical context. Here is a broadlesson...thatcontemporary society can ill afford to ignore."

Bowker, David E. and Hughes, J. Kenrick. *Lunar OrbiterPhotographicAtlas of the Moon*. Washington, DC: NASA SP-206, 1971. Thisis an atlas of the photographs returned from five spacecraft putinto lunar orbit from 1966 to 1967 in the effort to determinethe nature of the lunar surface so astronauts could land there.These photographs cover "landing sites and specific areasof high scientific interest." This volume contains 675 platesalong with their photo numbers, plus indexes and maps showingthe locations on the Moon that the photos depict.

Brooks, Courtney G., Grimwood, James M., and Swenson, Loyd S.,Jr. *Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned LunarSpacecraft*.Washington: NASA SP-4205, 1979. The authors of this book describeit accurately in their preface (p. xiv) as beginning "withthe creation of NASA itself and with the definition of a mannedspace flight program to follow Mercury. It ends with Apollo 11,when America attained its goal of the 1960s, landing th>

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### Transfer interrupted!

Byers, Bruce K. *Destination Moon: A History of the Lunar OrbiterProgram*. Washington, DC: NASA TM X-3478, 1977. This studydiscusses the origins of the lunar orbiter program and coversthe lunar orbiting missions from 1963-1970 when they collectedphotographic and selenodetic data in support of NASA missionsto the Moon.

Compton, W. David. *Where No Man Has Gone Before: A Historyof Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions*. Washington, DC: NASASP-4214, 1989. This clearly-written account traces the ways inwhich scientists with interests in the Moon and engineers concernedwith landing people on the Earth's satellite resolved theirdifferencesof approach and carried out a mission that made major contributionsto science and developed remarkable engineering achievements.Roughly half of the volume is devoted to preparations for thelunar landings, with the remainder of the book detailing the lunarexplorations that followed Apollo 11, in which twelve astronautsvisited the Moon and brought back lunar samples for scientiststo investigate.

Disher, John H. "Space Transportation: Reflections andProjections."In Durant, Frederick C., III, editor. *Between Sputnik and theShuttle: New Perspectives on American Astronautics*. San Diego,CA: American Astronautical Society, 1981. pp. 199-224. This articleis part of a larger publication focusing on various aspects ofthe space program. A presentation by the director of advancedprograms for NASA's office of space transportation systems atthe AAS, it contains no notes or other scholarly apparatus. Itdoes survey the methods of spaceflight for piloted missions sinceMercury.

Gutschewski, Gary L.; Kinsler, Danny C.; Whitaker, Ewen. *Atlasand Gazetteer of the Near Side of the Moon*. Washington, DC:NASA SP-241, 1971. This reference work consists of 404 photographsfrom Lunar Orbiter IV of the near side of the Moon, accompaniedby alphabetical guides to specific lunar features and five indicesof lunar names.

Hall, R. Cargill. *Lunar Impact: A History of Project Ranger*.Washington, DC: NASA SP-4210, 1977. This is a thorough and readablehistory of the project to photograph the lunar surface from itsinitial failures to its ultimate successes. In the process ofrecounting them, the author has analyzed the transformations inthe project, the institutions, and the people involved in it thatled from the one to the other.

______. *Project Ranger: A Chronology*. Pasadena, CA:JPL/HR-2,1971. A companion piece to the history above, this publicationprovides an almost day-by-day account of the evolution of theproject.

Hyatt, Abraham. "Stranded in Lunar Orbit."*Astronauticsand Aeronautics*. 7 (March 1969): 72-80. The scenario for whatwould happen during the Cold War if humans were stranded on theMoon. Would the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. cooperate to save him? Ashort play characterizes the imagined rescue.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Ranger VI Photographs of theMoon*.Washington, DC: NASA SP-61, 1964. Some 199 photos of the Moontaken by Ranger VII in 1964 together with related referencematerial.

______. *Ranger IX Photographs of the Moon*. Washington,DC: NASA SP-112, 1966. Contains 170 photos of the Moon taken byRanger IX in 1965 plus related reference material.

Kosofsky, L. J. and El-Baz, Farouk. *The Moon as Viewed by LunarOrbiter*. Washington, DC: NASA SP-200, 1970. "This bookincludes selected parts of Lunar Orbiter photographs thatillustratesome salient features of the lunar surface," as the book'spreface states, with more complete coverage provided by Bowkerand Hughes' *Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon*,discussed above.

Kranz, Eugene F., and Covington, James O. "Flight Controlin the Apollo Program." *Astronautics and Aeronautics*.8 (March 1970): 64-71. This account by two leading officials atthe Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston covers the Apollo flightcontrol program through Apollo 12 in clear language with somecomplicated diagrams to illustrate technical points.

McKee, Daniel D. "The Gemini Program." *Air UniversityReview*. 16 (May-June 1965): 6-15. This article by an Air Forceofficer assigned to NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center discussesthe differences between Mercury and Gemini and the relevance ofGemini to Air Force goals. The author emphasizes that the AirForce was making "every effort . . . to derive the maximummilitary benefit from the NASA Gemini program."

Musgrove, Robert G. *Lunar Photographs from Apollos 8, 10, and11*. Washington, DC: NASA SP-246, 1971. As the title suggests,this is a series of captioned photographs from the three missions,followed by indexes.

North, Warren J., and Woodling, Carroll H. "Apollo CrewProcedures,Simulation and Flight Planning." *Astronautics andAeronautics*.8 (March 1970): 56-62. This article by two managers at the MannedSpacecraft Center discusses how "a broad range of activities,centered on simulators, brought crews to a state of readinessand honed flight plans and procedures."

*The Times Atlas of the Moon*. Edinburgh, Scotland: JohnBartholomew & Son, 1970. This reference work is a large-size,full-color effort to document the features of the Moon's surface.Based almost entirely on U.S. sources, it has 110 full-color mapsand many more photographs to illustrate the book.

Tindall, H. W., Jr. "Techniques of Controlling theTrajectory."*Astronautics and Aeronautics*. 8 (March 1970): 76-82. Thisaccount by an official at the Manned Spacecraft Center discusses"how the various components of the guidance, navigation,and control systems (GNC) and, to some extent the engines areto be used during all phases of the manned Apollo missions."

****APOLLO 204 FIRE****

(Apollo Accident Report). *Aviation Week and SpaceTechnology*.6 February 1967, pp. 29-36; 13 February 1967, pp. 33-36; and 20February 1967, pp. 22-23. Discusses the ways NASA was attemptingto maintain its Apollo landing schedule despite the Apollo 204accident. Also covers congressional monitoring of the accidentinvestigation and the inquiry itself. Not a conclusive discussion,since the investigation had not yet ended as of 20 February, butit gives something of the flavor and immediacy of the situationin NASA and the country in the wake of the tragedy.

Bergaust, Erik. *Murder on Pad 34*. New York: G.P. Putnam'sSons, 1968. A highly-critical account of the investigation ofthe Apollo 204 accident in January 1967 that killed astronautsGus Grissom, Roger Chaffee, and Edward White. Bergaust takes issuewith NASA's design approach that allowed for the use of a pureoxygen atmosphere in the Apollo command module. It is largelya journalistic rehash of criticism of NASA coming from Congressand the media, with very little new commentary or analysis andno new factual information. Bergaust concludes that the humanand fiscal sacrifices made in Project Apollo have been in vain,since the Soviet Union (seen as the reason for Apollo) may notbe going to Moon at all.

Biddle, Wayne. "Two Faces of Catastrophe." *Air andSpace/Smithsonian*. 5 (August/September 1990): 46-49. Discussesthe different ways in which NASA handled the Apollo 204 fire in1967 and the Challenger disaster in 1986. Biddle concludes thatthe comparison shows NASA had become more fragile and lostdirectionfollowing the Moon landing.

Boyes, W. *Killed Twice Buried Once: A Story about theCatastrophicApollo Fire*. Rockville, MD: Chesapeake Bay Press, 1986. This"novelized" account of the Apollo 204 fire is, the authorclaims, "based on the actual events which surrounded"the disaster, but as it contains many fictionalized names andevents, it must be consulted with extreme care and only inconjunctionwith "factual" discussions--or at least ones whosesourcesare attributed.

"The Capsule Fire Flares Up Again." *Life*. 17September 1971, pp. 24-29. 8 B&W photos. Story of the lawsuitbrought against North American by Betty Grissom and an engineer'sstory of the Apollo 204 disaster.

Gray, Mike. *Angle of Attack: Harrison Storms and the Race tothe Moon*. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1992. This is a livelyjournalistic account of the career of Harrison Storms, presidentof the Aerospace Division of North American Aviation that builtthe Apollo capsule. Because of the Apollo 204 fire that killedthree astronauts in January 1967, Storms and North AmericanAviationgot sucked into a controversy over accountability andresponsibility.In the aftermath Storms was removed from responsibility for theproject. The most important aspect of this book is its discussionof the Apollo fire and responsibility for it from the perspectiveof industry. It lays the blame at NASA's feet and argues thatStorms and North American were mere scapegoats. It, unfortunately,has no notes and the observations offered cannot be verified.

Kennan, Erlend A., and Harvey, Edmund H., Jr. *Mission to theMoon: A Critical Examination of NASA and the Space Program*.New York: William Morrow and Co., 1969. This book features adetailedexamination of the facts of the Apollo 204 fire in January 1967that killed three astronauts. It does not provide a balancedaccountof the lunar landing program or NASA. Instead it is filled withcritical asides. For example, the authors conclude: "Thereal reasons for the [Apollo] tragedy--were a lack of perspectiveand flexibility within NASA management at all key levels; inept,competing, or nonexistent channels of communication throughoutthe organization's many facilities; lazy, sloppy, and undulyprofit-motivatedcontractor performance, myopic Congressional indulgence (oftenreferred to as 'moon-doggling'), irresponsi- ble publicrelations--tothe point where NASA actually believe its own inflated propaganda;and finally, a remarkable aloofness from and disdain for thelegitimateinterests of the taxpaying American public." Unfortunately,the treatment is long on hyperbole and short on reasoned analysis;the *New York Times* reviewer said that the book "addslittle that is new on any of the problems or possible solu-tions....Butperhaps the book's sense of outrage is in itself an adequate reasonfor the book's existence."

"The Ten Desperate Minutes." *Life*. 21 April 1967,pp. 113-114. Riveting reconstruction of the events in the tenminutes following the outbreak or fire onboard Apollo 204. Basedon eyewitness accounts by pad personnel.

United States House, Committee on Science and Aeronautics.*Apolloand Apollo Applications: Staff Study for the Subcommittee on NASAOversight of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. Houseof Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session*.Washington,DC: Government Printing Office, 1968. A brief analysis of thestate of the Apollo program in the wake of the Apollo 204 firefollowed by four appendices containing documents and abstractssupporting the conclusions of the staff study, which includedthe judgement: "It appears that NASA and the key industrialcontractors are recovering momentum following the Apollo 204accidentand are utilizing the information derived effectively to improvethe safety and efficiency of equipment and operations" butthat a "number of difficult engineering problems remain tobe solved...."

United States House, Committee on Science and Astronautics.*ApolloProgram Pace and Progress; Staff Study for the Subcommittee onNASA Oversight, Ninetieth Congress, First Session*. Washington,DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1967. This thick committee print providesa "summary of the status, completed in December 1966, ofthe Apollo lunar landing program prior to the tragic" Apollo204 fire. The introduc- tion and program evaluation occupy only13 pages, but they are followed by over 1,000 pages ofcorrespondenceand transcripts of staff conferences with industrial contractorsand NASA center managers in Houston, at Kennedy and Marshall.A summary at the beginning announces it as "the finding ofthis study that the NASA- industry team is employing its resourceseffectively in solution of those technical problems which currentlypace the program."

United States House, Committee on Science and Astronautics,Subcommitteeon NASA Oversight. *Apollo and Apollo Applications: Staff Study,Ninetieth Congress, Second Session*. Washington, DC: Govt.Print. Off., 1968. This study includes a summary, conclusions,and a brief program analysis followed by correspondence andabstractsof staff conferences with NASA management and industryrepresentatives.The conclusions outline problems and progress since the Apollo204 fire.

United States House, Committee on Science and Astronautics,Subcommitteeon NASA Oversight. *Investigation into Apollo 204 Accident,Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, First Session*. Washington, DC:Govt. Print. Off., 1967. This 3-volume committee print containstestimony, a summary of actions taken on the findings anddetermina-tions of the accident review board, the report of that boarditself,and a report on the principal new features of the new (Block II)command and service module as compared with the one involved inthe accident (Block I), together with a description of the testingplanned to validate the changes made.

United States Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.*Apollo Accident Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, First Session*.Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1967. This voluminous, 7-partcommittee print publishes the statements of the individuals whotestified before the committee plus 246 illustrations and 25 tablescontaining additional data. Parts 6 and 7 consist of NASA's reporton its implementation of the Apollo 204 review board'srecommendationsand further information relating to that implementation. Fullyindexed.

United States Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.*Apollo 204 Accident: Report of the Committee on Aeronauticaland Space Sciences, United States Senate, with AdditionalViews*.Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1968. This short committeeprint consists of a discussion of the Apollo 204 review board,conditions leading to the accident, the accident itself, NASA'sresponse to the review board's findings, NASA's relations withspacecraft contractors, and the effects of the accident on theApollo schedule. In its recommendations, the report agrees withthe position of NASA Administrator James Webb that not all detailsof government- contractor relations should be placed in the publicdomain, but it insists that serious problems need to be broughtto the committee's attention, as was not the case before the Apollo204 accident.

****APOLLO 6****

United States Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.*Apollo 6 Mission Hearing, Ninetieth Congress, SecondSession...April22, 1968*. Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1968. Subtitled"Summary of the Problems Encountered in the Second Flightof the Saturn V Launch Vehicle," this hearing includedtestimonyby NASA Administrator James E. Webb and three top NASA managersinvolved in Apollo, George E. Mueller, Maj. Gen. Samuel C.Phillips,and George H. Hage. Includes 22 illustrations.

****APOLLO 7****

"Apollo 7." *TRW Space Log*. 8 (Winter 1968-1969):35-38. Provides brief descriptions of the Apollo 7 launch vehicle(Saturn IB), spacecraft (command module, service module, andspacecraftlunar module adapter), project objectives for the first humanflight of Apollo spacecraft, the payload (including astronautsWalter M. Schirra, Donn F. Eisele, and Walter Cunningham), projectresults (all mission objectives satisfied), and major participants.

"11 Days Aboard Apollo 7." *Life*. 6 December 1968,pp. 60-74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84. 2 B&W, 7 color photos highlightthese extensive personal accounts by the Apollo 7 astronauts,Schirra, Cunningham, and Eisele.

****APOLLO 8****

"Apollo 8." *TRW Space Log*. 8 (Winter 1968-1969):39-42. A discussion of Apollo 8, which featured the Saturn V;a launch escape system, command module, service module, spacecraftlunar module adapter, and lunar module test article. Projectresultsincluded the first circumnavigation of the Moon by humans (FrankBorman, James A. Lovell, Jr., and William A. Anders) and theirsafe return to Earth.

"Apollo 8: Guide to the High Adventure." *Newsweek*.23 December 1968, pp. 50-55. Written just before the launch ofApollo 8, this brief article discusses the plans for the mission.

"Discovery." *Life*. 10 January 1969, pp. cover,20-28. 9 color, 4 B&W photos show the launch of Apollo 8 andspectacular photos taken on the way to the Moon and back. Also,"Washington Post Front Page," p. 19. Ad by North AmericanRockwell depicting the newspaper's headlines on the Apollo 8flight.Page 87 also has a photo of the orbiting astronomical observatory(OAO).

Manned Spacecraft Center. *Analysis of Apollo 8: Photographyand Visual Observa- tions*. Washington, DC: National Aeronauticsand Space Administration SP-201, 1969. Consisting largely ofphotos,tables, contour maps, and diagrams, this volume also containscommentaries by a variety of experts from NASA Headquarters, theGoddard Space Flight Center, the Langley Research Center, theGeorge C. Marshall Space Flight Center, the U.S. Geological Survey,the University of Arizona, Bellcomm, Inc., and other contractors.Together, they present the findings from the Apollo 8 missionin December 1968. Much of the material is highly technical, buta glossary assists the non-scientist in interpreting the analyses.

"Men and Machine." *Life*. 20 December 1968, pp.4, 16-23. 11 color, 2 B&W photos. This pre-launch articleprovides a description of the Saturn V rocket and the Apollo 8crew who would ride it--Borman, Lovell, and Anders. Includes adiary tracing the building of Saturn 5 503, the particular onethey would ride.

NASA Office of Public Affairs. *Apollo 8: Man around theMoon*.Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1968. Largely photos withcaptionsbut includes short essays on topics like "The Making of anAstronaut" and "The Voyage Out."

Parker, P. J. "First Men Around the Moon."*Spaceflight*.11 (March 1969): 91-94. A competent account of Apollo 8.

Phillips, Samuel C. "Apollo 8: A Most Fantastic Voyage."*National Geographic Magazine*. 135 (May 1969): 593-631.This lengthy account complete with numerous photographs and otherillustrations, some of them quite stunning, presents a usefuloverview of Apollo 8 from the perspective of the director of Apollosince 1964.

Puttkamer, Jesco von. *Apollo 8, Aufbruch ins All. Der Reportder ersten Mondumkreisung. Mit 29 Fotos*. Mnchen, FRG:Heyne, 1969. This little book by a NASA official explains theApollo 8 mission day by day for readers of German.

"Satellite Support for Apollo Moonflight."*Spaceflight*.1 (May 1969): 156-7. A discussion of the satellites that supportedApollo 8 and their roles.

****APOLLO 9****

"Apollo 9." *TRW Space Log*. 9 (Summer/Fall 1969):21-30. Like previous articles in this journal, this provides asuccinct description of the mission, launch vehicle, spacecraft,and results, which included the first test of the lunar module.In Earth orbit, the module separated from the command and servicemodules and then returned and docked with them.

"Apollo 9 Album." *Life*. 28 March 1969, pp. 26-37.12 color photos show highlights or the Apollo 9 Earth-orbitalmission. Good photos of the lunar excursion module.

*Code Name Spider: Flight of Apollo 9*. Washington, DC: NASAEP-68, 1969. This oddly-titled pamphlet, referring to the codename for the lunar module used on Apollo 9, describes thatspacecraft,preparations for the mission, the mission itself, and the returnto Earth--all accompanied by numerous photographs.

Parker, P. J. "Apollo 9 Tests Lunar Module."*Spaceflight*.11 (July 1969): 230-233. This brief discussion, purportedly ofthe first operational test of the lunar module, really is a moreor less blow-by-blow description of the entire Apollo 9 missionfrom pre-launch through the lunar module test itself to the returnto Earth after 10 days in space.

****APOLLO 10****

Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center. *ApolloMission 10 Photogra- phy Indexes Prepared Under the Directionof the Department of Defense by the Aeronautical Chart andInformationCenter, United States Air Force for the National Aeronautics andSpace Administration*. Saint Louis: AF Aeronautical Chart andInformation Center, 1969. A series of fold-out maps of the Moonshowing locations where individual photographs were exposed.

"Apollo 10." *TRW Space Log*. 9 (Summer/Fall 1969):30-34. Discusses the similarities with and differences from Apollo9, the principal difference being that the mission took placein lunar rather than Earth orbit.

"Apollo 10: Next Step the Moon." *Interavia*. 24(July 1969): 879-82. A detailed and comprehensible account ofthe Apollo 10 mission from launch to splashdown, accompanied byphotos.

Manned Spacecraft Center. *Analysis of Apollo 10: Photographyand Visual Observations*. Washington, DC: NASA SP-232, 1971.The bulk of this volume consists of individual photographs, tables,graphs, and contour maps depicting the results of photographydone during the Apollo 10 mission in May 1969. Interspersed amongthese are analyses and interpretations by experts from the MannedSpacecraft Center, the U.S. Geological Survey, the SmithsonianAstrophysical Observatory, the University of Arizona, and Bellcomm,Inc. A glossary helps the lay reader understand the often highlytechnical material, but some of it will be intelligible only tothose initiated in the fields of lunar science.

"Man's Vision of the Lunar Voyage--Suddenly Real."*Life*.30 May 1969, pp. 3, 48-52A. 4 color, 7 B&W photos. Coversthe launch and flight to the Moon of Apollo 10 including picturesof the Earth and Moon taken from TV monitors.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. *Mission Report:Apollo 10*. Washington, DC: NASA EP-70, 1969. In this 12-pagebooklet NASA recounts the 8-day mission of Apollo 10 to test thelunar module, code-named Snoopy, in its circuits around the Moonand descent to within 8.4 nautical miles of the Earth's satelliteto inspect the preferred landing site for Apollo 11.

Parker, P. J. "Apollo 10--The Last Rehearsal."*Spaceflight*.11 (August 1969): 275þ78, 290. Covers the Apollo 10 missionfrom pre-launch activities through its successful return to Earthfollowing orbit of the Moon and complex maneuvers with the lunarmodule named "Snoopy." Detailed and somewhat technical,this is nevertheless accessible to the non-expert.

****APOLLO 11****

Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center. *ApolloMission 11 Photogra- phy Indexes*. St. Louis: AF AeronauticalChart and Information Center, 1969. A series of fold-out mapsof the Moon showing locations where individual photographs wereexposed.

Anderson, Arthur T.; Michlovitz, C.K.; and Hug, K. *Apollo 11Lunar Photography: Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: NationalSpace Science Data Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1970.A guide for aiding investigators in selecting Apollo 12 photosfor study and in interpreting the photographs.

"Apollo 11." *TRW Space Log*. 9 (Winter 1969-1970):11-22. Provides a description of humankind's first landing onthe Moon that is similar to the previous TRW discussions of earliermissions, noting that an estimated 530 million people around theworld watched as Neil Armstrong descended from the lunar moduleto the surface of the Moon.

*Apollo 11: On the Moon*. A *Look* Special with textby *The New York Times* and photographs by the ApolloAstronauts.1969. Besides numerous photographs, this edition includes articleson the Apollo 11 astronauts, the mission (by *Times* sciencewriter John Noble Wilford), the decision to go to the Moon (bythen-assistant professor at Catholic University, John M. Logsdon),and the future (by science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke).

*Apollo 11's Moon Landing*. Fresno, CA: California MicrofilmCo., 1969. This is a collection of newspaper and magazine clippingson Apollo 11.

"Apollo 11 Tracking Force Readied." *Aviation Weekand Space Technology*. 14 July 1969, pp. 91, 93-94, 99, 103.Describes the 4,500-person tracking force in NASA's Manned SpaceFlight Network then preparing to monitor the Apollo 11 mission.The network included 11 Earth orbital stations and 4 trackingships with 30-foot-diameter parabolic antennas, plus 3 stationswith 85-foot-diameter dishes. Includes 5 photos and a map.

"Apollo's Great Leap for the Moon." *Life*. 25July 1969, pp. cover, 18D-29. 9 color, 7 B&W photos detailthe events surrounding the liftoff of Apollo 11 to the Moon.Spectacularphotos of the crowds and panorama of the launch. Also, "TenYears that led to Apollo 11," p. 3; 32 *Life* coversover the years are shown as documenting steps in the space program.

Armstrong, Neil; Aldrin, Edwin; and Collins, Michael. *The FirstLunar Landing: 20th Anniversary/as Told by the Astronauts, NeilArmstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins*. Washington, DC:NASA EP-73, 1989. This is a short, 24 page, recollection of theApollo 11 mission by the astronauts; it was published under theauspices of the NASA Office of Public Affairs.

Barbour, John. *Footprints on the Moon*. Washington, DC:The Associated Press, 1969. This illustrated history consistsof 12 chapters with numerous photographs to produce a popularhistory that capitalized on the interest surround- ing the flightof Apollo 11 in 1969.

Bdeler, W. "The Apollo 11 Moon Landing."*Interavia*.24 (September 1969): 1497-1503. This account by a German experton space history recounts the history of the entire Apollo programin brief compass; discusses launch vehicle development; describesthe command, service, and lunar modules; succinctly covers Apollos7-10; and then provides a fairly detailed description of Apollo11, complete with photos. The article includes tables for the5 Apollo flights to date, the Apollo 11 timetable of events, andthe major contractors in the program. Although it does not avoidthe usual Apollo acronyms, it does spell them out on first useand is generally not only informative but comprehensible to thelay reader. This issue of *Interavia* follows this articlewith shorter pieces on "NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center,""The Apollo programme in pictures," and "The Apolloastronauts' space suits," all without attribution as to theirauthors.

CBS News. *10:56:20 PM EDT, 7/20/69: The Historic Conquest ofthe Moon as Reported to the American People*. New York: ColumbiaBroadcasting System, 1970. As the title suggests, this is anattemptto capture in print and pictures the reporting on humankind'sfirst landing on the Moon during Apollo 11. More useful incapturingthe immediacy of the moment than in providing an historicalassessmentof the event and its significance.

*Department of Defense Support: Apollo 11*. Patrick AFB,FL: Department of Defense Manned Space Flight Office, n.d. Thisbooklet, a copy of which is available in the NASA History Office'sReference Collection, contains a useful discussion of Defensesupport for Apollo with sections on DoD tracking stations,aircraft,and ships; medical support; recovery forces; communications; andweather. In the back of the booklet are helpful maps andbiographiesof military personnel critical to Apollo support.

"Down to the Moon . . . and the Giant Step." *Life*.8 August 1969, pp. cover, 18-29. 22 color photos. spectacularphotos of the landing of Apollo 11 on the Moon, shots on thesurface,and the astronauts back home. *Flight Operations Reunion forthe 20[th] Anniversary of the First Manned Lunar Landing:1969-1989*.Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration,1989. This curious reunion booklet consists of a variety of itemsmostly of interest only to those who participated in the reunionbut including an Apollo 11 mission summary and related photos.A large portion of the paperback volume, however, consists ofphotos of the participants and brief statements by them aboutthe roles they played in Apollo 11 and their activities at thetime of the reunion. 

*Footprints on the Moon*. Clinton, IA: Eduvision Co., 1969.Another illustrated history, this one consists of a cobblingtogetherof Associated Press stories with numerous photographs to producea history that capitalizes on the interest surrounding the flightof Apollo 11 in 1969.

Manned Spacecraft Center. *Apollo 11 Photography, 70-mm, 16-mm,and 35-mm Frame Index*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space DataCenter, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1970. A list of tablescontainingsupporting information about each photograph taken during theApollo 11 mission. For use with other Apollo 11 indexes and thephotographs themselves.

Manned Spacecraft Center. *Apollo 11 Mission Report*.Washington,DC: NASA SP-238, 1971. This detailed account of the missionincludesa summary, introduction, mission description, pilots' report,and accounts of lunar descent and ascent; communications;trajectory;performance of the command and service modules, lunar module,and extravehicular mobility unit; the lunar surface; the biomedicalevaluation; and sundry other matters including mission supportperformance. Appendices on Apollo spacecraft flight history,vehicledescriptions, and a glossary round out the package.

Moreau, John E. Compiler. *First Men on the Moon: Historic FrontPages*. Dayton, OH, 1972. As the title suggests, copies offront pages from 139 different newspapers announcing the Apollo11 landing on the Moon. Sources range from *The PuebloChieftan*(CO) to the *Rutland Herald* (VT) and *The Missoulian*(MT), in addition to papers from more major metropolitan areas.

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 11 70-mm PhotographicCatalog*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center, GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1970. A compilation of proof prints forvirtuallyall the 70-mm photography exposed during the Apollo 11 mission,sorted by magazine and frame number. Designed for use inconjunctionwith other indexes.

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 11 PhotographicData Package*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center,GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1970. Another reference volume on Apollophotography, similar to others with like titles (see below underApollo 12).

North American Rockwell Corporation Space Division. *Man onthe Moon*. Washington, DC: United States Information Agency,1969. One of the prime Apollo contractors provides a large-format,coffee-table book covering the Apollo 11 mission, the men, themachines, and the team that carried it off. Lavishly illustrated,this volume also has some informative narrative that providesan overview of the program and the mission.

"Off to the Moon." *Life*. 4 July 1969, entireissue. This issue with many illustrations covers Apollo 11 frommany perspectives. Among other things, it includes biographiesof astronauts Aldrin, Armstrong, and Collins, a poem by JamesDickey, and reflections by Charles Lindbergh about the relationshipof his own pioneering flight across the Atlantic to that of theinitial trip to the Moon.

Parker, P. J. "Man on the Moon-I." *Spaceflight*.11 (September 1969): 313-17. This initial segment of a two-partarticle gives a lengthy account of the Apollo 11 mission frompre-launch through a portion of the lunar surface activity.

______. "Man on the Moon-II." *Spaceflight*. 11(October 1969): 338-41. Concludes the account of Apollo 11,carryingthe story from the conclusion of the lunar surface activitiesto splashdown with a brief description of the preliminaryscientificresults from the mission.

Shayler, David J. *From the Flightdeck 4: Apollo 11 MoonLanding*.London: Ian Allen Ltd, 1989. This 80-page, 20th anniversarypaperbackfor a popular audience includes numerous drawings and photographsplus narrative coverage of the Apollo 11 mission.

Sparks, James C. *Moon Landing, Project Apollo*. New York:Dodd, Mead, 1970. Another popular history, this book traces eachstep of the Apollo 11 flight, from the development of the"hardware"to splashdown, and analyzes the importance of this mission andfuture space exploration.

"Special Report: Apollo 11 Lunar Landing." *AviationWeek & Space Technology*. 91 (28 July 1969): 22-40. A seriesof articles and a photo essay discussing such issues as theinformationyielded by the mission, the way the spacesuits worked, the lunarlanding, and the items left on the Moon.

Sprung, Jeffrey V. *Apollo 11: Man's Greatest Adventure*.New York: American Broadcasting Companies, 1969. This illustrated53-page book, with a phonodisc (10 in., 33 1/3 rpm. microgroove)containing a medley of comments by various people from PresidentsEisenhower and Kennedy to the astronauts, presents the story ofApollo 11 and its antecedents in picture, text, and sound,includinga the sounds of the Saturn V launching the three astronauts tothe Moon.

"To the Moon and Back." *Life*. Special Edition.1969. 86 pages. Complete coverage of the Apollo 11 flight frompreflight training to splashdown. Many large color photos takenon the mission. Pictorial biographies of the astronauts. Expandedversions of some previous *Life* articles. A real collector'sitem.

Weaver, Kenneth F. "The Flight of Apollo 11: 'One Giant Leapfor Mankind'." *National Geographic Magazine*. 136(December1969): 752-87. Part of a five- part series of articles entitled"First Explorers on the Moon," this long article byAssistant Editor Weaver follows text and photographs by the Apollo11 astronauts and Frank Borman in relating the events of the firsthuman landing on the Moon. Complete with the photography for whichthe magazine is deservedly famous, this well-written account offersa useful, nearly contemporary overview.

______. "A Trip to the Moon." *Air andSpace/Smithsonian*.4 (June/July 1989): 62-73. This article discusses the historyof the Apollo 11 mission, including the policy decisions andtechnologicaldevelopment leading up to the lunar landing, the preliminary Rangermissions to study the surface of the Moon, the configuration ofthe mission, and the events from launch of the Saturn V boosterthrough the landing of the Eagle on the Moon and the subsequentrendezvous with the Columbia lunar orbiting vehicle to the flightback to planet Earth.

Wilford, John Noble. *We Reach the Moon: The New York TimesStory of Man's Greatest Adventure*. New York: Bantam Books,1969. One of the earliest of the journalistic accounts to appearat the time of Apollo 11, a key feature of this general andjourneymanlikebut not distinguished history is a 64 page color insert withphotographsof the mission. It was prepared by the science writer of the *NewYork Times* using his past articles.

Wilhelms, Don. "A Smooth Spot in Tranquility." *Airand Space/Smithsonian*. 4 (June/July 1989): 42-47. Discussesthe process for selecting the landing site for Apollo 11; thegeological, scientific, and engineering considerations criticalfor site selection; and the collaboration between NASA and theU.S. Geological Survey that preceded the choice of the locationfor the landing.

Young, Kenneth A., and Alexander, James D. "Apollo LunarRendezvous." *Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets*. 7(September 1970): 1083-86. This piece by two NASA officials atthe Manned Spacecraft Center provides a technical descriptionof the lunar rendezvous carried out on Apollo 11.

****APOLLO 12****

Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center. *ApolloMission 12 Lunar Photography Indexes*. Saint Louis: AFAeronauticalChart and Information Center, 1970. A series of fold-out mapsof the Moon showing locations where individual photographs wereexposed.

Anderson, Arthur T.; Michlovitz, C.K.; and Hug, K. *Apollo 12Lunar Photography: Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: NationalSpace Science Data Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1970.A guide for aiding investigators in selecting Apollo 12 photosfor study and in interpreting the photographs.

"Apollo 12." *TRW Space Log*. 9 (Winter 1969-1970):22-30. Discusses the second lunar landing in similar fashion toprevious TRW accounts of Apollo missions.

"How Apollo 12 was Planned." *Space World*. February1970, pp. 4-47. Somewhat mistitled, this lengthy article describes,not the planning process for Apollo 12 but rather the flightplan--nothow managers planned the mission but the product of their planningefforts.

NASA Office of Public Affairs. *Apollo 12: A New Vista for LunarScience*. Washington, DC: NASA EP-74, 1970. Follows theastronautsin text and photos as they collected lunar samples.

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 12 70-mm PhotographicCatalog*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center, GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1970. A compilation of proof prints forvirtuallyall the 70-mm photography exposed during the Apollo 12 mission,sorted by magazine and frame number. Designed for use inconjunctionwith other indexes.

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 12 PhotographicData Package*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center,GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1970. This catalog consists of proof printsof the 70-mm photography done during Apollo 12. It is designedto be used in conjunction with the Apollo 12 frame index to permitlocation of the area covered by each frame.

Parker, P. J. "The Triumph of Apollo 12."*Spaceflight*.12 (February 1970): 77-81. Still another of Parker's competentaccounts of Apollo missions, this one covers the first half ofthe second voyage to the Moon.

______. "The Triumph of Apollo 12 (Concluded)."*Spaceflight*.12 (March 1970): 118-20. This conclusion of the preceding articlecovers the last portion of the account of lunar science on Apollo12 and the return to Earth, with a table of Apollo 12 timelinesadded for good measure.

****APOLLO 13****

"Apollo 13." *TRW Space Log*. 10 (1970-1971): 5-9.In somewhat analogous fashion to previous TRW accounts, this onedetails the near-tragic mission on which a short circuit ignitedelectrical insulation in spacecraft oxygen tank number 2 of theservice module, causing the mission to be aborted and the crewto use the lunar module for life support through most of the returnto Earth.

Cooper, Henry S. F., Jr. *Thirteen: The Flight that Failed*.New York: Dial Press, 1973. In this highly personalized andreadableaccount, Cooper retells the battle for survival of the Apollo13 astronauts after the disabling of the service module as a resultof the bursting of one of its oxygen tanks from an electricalmalfunction.

"Four Days of Peril Between Earth and Moon: Apollo 13,Ill-FatedOdyssey." *Time*. 27 April 1970, pp. 14-18. Describeshow, when the command and service module (CSM) carrying theastronautsaround the Moon became crippled as a result of a series of shortcircuits, the Apollo 13 astronauts boarded the lunar (LM) modulefor the life support needed until they could propel the combinedCSM-LM into a return trajectory to Earth. After jettisoning theservice module, which was badly damaged, the crew reentered thecommand module about an hour before reentry and abandoned theLM lifeboat. Through the teamwork of the crew and mission controlthe mission could not be salvaged but the astronauts were ableto return safely to Earth.

"The Joyous Triumph or Apollo 13." *Life*. 24 April1970, pp. cover, 28-36. 11 color, 6 B&W photos highlight thisearly coverage of the near-disaster in space onboard Apollo 13.Includes a profile of the crew and the anguished families at home.

NASA Office of Public Affairs. *Apollo 13: "Houston, We'veGot a Problem"*. Washington, DC: NASA EP-76, 1970. This25-page brochure explores the electrical problems in the servicemodule on Apollo 13 and the resultant necessity to abandon themission and devote all attention to returning the three astronautsto Earth safely. The brochure explains how this was done by usingthe lunar module, Aquarius, as a lifeboat and a source of powerto propel the lunar and command modules into a trajectory thatwould return the latter to the home planet after the astronautsreentered it for the splashdown, jettisoning the damaged servicemodule and then the lunar module. The procedure worked, andPresidentNixon later stated, "The three astronauts did not reach theMoon, but they reached the hearts of millions of people in Americaand in the world."

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 13 PhotographicData Package*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center,GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1970. A photographic reference volume similarto the one for Apollo 12 described above.

"13 Was a Good Target for the Law of Averages."*Life*.1 May 1970, pp. 24-33. 10 color photos. The personal accountsof the Apollo 13 astronauts and their struggle to survive on theircrippled craft.

United States Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.*Apollo 13 Mission. Hearing, Ninety-first Congress, SecondSession.April 24, 1970*. Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1970.Containsstatements by NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine, Apollo ProgramDirector Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo 13 Mission Director Glynn S.Lunney, and the three Apollo 13 astronauts, followed by questionsfrom the committee members and the responses of the NASA personnel.Includes 11 illustra- tions and 2 documents regarding theestablishmentof the Apollo 13 Review Board.

United States Senate, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.*Apollo 13 Mission Review. Hearing, Ninety-first Congress, SecondSession. June 30, 1970*. Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off.,1970. Contains the review boards findings with 31 illustrationsplus testimony by NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine, Review BoardChair Edgar M. Cortright, Associate Administrator for Manned SpaceFlight Dale D. Myers, and Apollo Program Director Rocco A. Petrone,followed by their questions from and answers to committee members.

****APOLLO 14****

"Apollo 14." *TRW Space Log*. 10 (1970-1971): 10-13.Discusses the third successful trip to the Moon, this time tothe Frau Mauro crater about 100 miles east of the landing sitefor Apollo 12.

"Apollo 14." *Interavia*. 26 (April 1971): 383-85.A discussion of "the most science-oriented moon expeditionso far," this large-formatted article provides diagrams andphotos as well as prose descriptions of the experiments andinvestigations carried out on the Moon and in orbit around it.

Baker, David. "Apollo 14: A Visit to Fra Mauro."*Spaceflight*.13 (May 1971): 164-69. This initial installment on Apollo 14discussesthe mission, including the hardware changes since Apollo 13, flightpreparations, flight operations, and operations on the Moon'ssurface. Technical in places, the writing is generally accessibleto the lay reader.

______. "Apollo 14: A Visit to Fra Mauro-2."*Spaceflight*.13 (June 1971): 210- 12. This continuation of the preceding articlecontinues its treatment of surface operations and covers theastronauts'return to Earth.

______. "Apollo 14: A Visit to Fra Mauro-3."*Spaceflight*.13 (October 1971): 373-76. A postscript to the previous articles,this is a lengthy series of tables showing the sequence of eventsduring the mission.

Froehlich, Walter. *Apollo 14: Science at Fra Mauro*.Washington,DC: NASA EP- 91, 1971. This account of the lunar portion of Apollo14 is as much about the astronauts and their equipment as it isabout science, but it provides a good description of what wenton on the Moon and of the splashdown when the astronauts returnedto Earth.

Hall, Alice J. "The Climb up Cone Crater." *NationalGeographic Magazine*. 140 (July 1971): 136-48. A discussionof "man's longest lunar walk to date" on Apollo 14,this thoroughly illustrated article follows astronauts Alan B.Shepard, Jr., and Edgar D. Mitchell on their trek, quoting themliberally.

National Space Science Data Center. *Apollo 14 PhotographicData Package*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Data Center,GoddardSpace Flight Center, 1971. A similar reference work on lunarphotographyto the one described above on Apollo 12.

"White Tracks on the Moon." *Life*. 26 February1971, pp. 2A, 26-29. 2 color, 3 B&W photos taken on the Moonby the Apollo 14 astronauts.

****APOLLO 15****

Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center. *ApolloMission 15 Lunar Photography Index Maps*. St. Louis: AFAeronauticalChart and Information Center, 1972. A series of fold-out mapsof the Moon showing locations where individual photographs wereexposed.

"Apollo 15, P&F Subsatellite." *TRW Space Log*.10 (1970-1971): 14-18. Discusses the differences in scientificinstrumentation and exploration equipment aboard Apollo 15,includingthe first lunar roving vehicle.

Baker, David. "Expedition to Hadley-Apennine-1."*Spaceflight*.13 (October 1971): 358-62, 383. This beginning account of Apollo15 follows the general pattern of the previous sequence ofarticles,providing coverage of hardware and equipment changes since Apollo14, a flight profile, site description, and discussion of themission. Replete with more jargon and acronyms than absolutelynecessary, these articles are nonetheless generally readable.

______. "Expedition to Hadley-Apennine-2."*Spaceflight*.13 (November 1971): 431-35. This continuation of the previousarticle discusses the prelude to explora- tion, the three daysspent on the Moon, and excursions in the lunar roving vehicle.

______. "Expedition to Hadley-Apennine-3."*Spaceflight*.13 (December 1971): 468-70. This conclusion to the sequence ofarticles on Apollo 15 discusses the ascent to lunar orbit fromthe surface of the Moon, experiments in orbit, and the returnto Earth.

Cameron, Winifred Sawtell and Mikesch, Mary Anne. *Apollo 15Lunar Photography; Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: NationalSpace Science Data Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1972.A photographic reference volume similar to similarly-titled onesfor earlier missions.

"From the Good Earth to the Sea of Rains." *Time*.9 August 1971, pp. 10-15. A personalized account of the Apollo15 trip to the Moon as seen through the eyes of astronauts andscientists.

Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc. *Apollo 15 Index of 70 mmPhotographs*. Houston, TX: Manned Spacecraft Center, 1972.A description and cross-indexing of Apollo 15 70 mm photographs.

NASA Office of Public Affairs. *Apollo 15 at Hadley Base*.Washington, DC: NASA EP-94, 1971. A brief description of themissionwith lots of captioned photographs.

Simmons, Gene. *On the Moon with Apollo 15: A Guidebook to HadleyRille and the Apennine Mountains*. Washington: NationalAeronauticsand Space Administra- tion, 1971. This guidebook by the chiefscientist at the Manned Spacecraft Center was intended to providebackground for interested television viewers of scientificactivitieson Apollo 15. Necessarily written before the mission, thepublicationcontains an introduction providing background to the mission andexplaining how it would unfold. It follows this with a descriptionof the landing site and the lunar roving vehicle, then a discussionof the scientific activities the astronauts would carry out onthe Moon. A segment on the crew, bibliography, glossary of terms,list of acronyms, and some tables on various aspects of the missioncomplete the package, which still provides a useful introductionto the mission.

United States House, Committee on Science and Astronautics.*Apollo15 Mission Report*. Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, firstsession. September 9, 1971. Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off.,1971. Consists of statements by and questioning of the three Apollo15 astronauts, David R. Scott, James B. Irwin, and Alfred M.Worden.Contains 24 illustrations.

Weaver, Kenneth F. "To the Mountains of the Moon."*NationalGeographic Maga- zine*. 141 (February 1972): 230-65. Thislengthyaccount by an assistant editor of the magazine provides competentand readable coverage of the Apollo 15 mission, complete withlarge numbers of photographs.

****APOLLO 16****

"Apollo 16 Explores Lunar Highlands." *Aviation Weekand Space Technology*. 15 May 1972, pp. 41-49. 14 color photosdepict the lunar highlands as viewed by the Apollo 16 astronauts.

Baker, David. "Mission to Descartes-1."*Spaceflight*.14 (July 1972): 246-51. This initial account of Apollo 16 followsthe general pattern of the previous accounts, carrying the missionthrough in-flight problems that proved serious but did not causethe mission to be aborted.

______. "Mission to Descartes-2." *Spaceflight*.14 (August 1972): 287-91. Continues the preceding account, coveringthe mission from lunar landing to the safe return to Earth.

Batson, R.M., et al. *Preliminary Catalog of Pictures Takenon the Lunar Surface during the Apollo 16 Mission*. Washington,DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1972. Still another photographiccatalog.

Cameron, Winifred Sawtell, et al., *Apollo 16 LunarPhotography*.Greenbelt, MD: National Space Science Data Center, Goddard SpaceFlight Center, 1973. A further volume of lunar photographs, thistime from Apollo 16

Cameron, Winifred Sawtell, et al., *Apollo 16 Lunar Photography;Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Science DataCenter, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1973. A further referencework on lunar photography to accompany the preceding volume.

Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc. *Apollo 16 Index of 70mmPhotographs and 16mm Film Strips*. Houston, TX: MannedSpacecraftCenter, 1972. A description and cross-indexing of Apollo 16 70mmphotographs and 16mm film strips.

NASA Office of Public Affairs. *Apollo 16 at Descartes*.Washington, DC: NASA EP-97, 1972. A discussion of the overallmission with copious photos.

United States House, Committee on Science and Aeronautics.*Apollo16 Mission Report. Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session,May 16, 1972*. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1972. Testimony by and questioning of the three Apollo 16astronauts,John Young, Charles Duke, and Ken Mattingly. Includes 16illustrations.

****APOLLO 17****

Anderton, David A. *Apollo 17 at Taurus Littrow*. Washington,DC: NASA EP- 102, 1973. A reasonably detailed description of theoverall mission together with numerous captioned photographs.

*Apollo 17, the Most Productive Lunar Expedition*. Washington,DC: NASA Mission Report MR-12, 1977. This 8-page pamphletsummarizesthe mission in photos and narrative.

Baker, David. "The Last Apollo-1." *Spaceflight*.15 (February 1973): 42-47. Following the precedent of the previousseries of articles, this one begins coverage of Apollo 17, carryingthe story through the boost into trans-lunar trajectory.

______. "The Last Apollo-2." *Spaceflight*. 15(March 1973): 87-91. This follow-on article carries the missionfrom trans-lunar injection through the third excursion in thelunar roving vehicle.

______. "The Last Apollo-3." *Spaceflight*. 15(April 1973): 145-48. The concluding article in the series coversthe Apollo 17 astronauts' return to lunar orbit and the trip hometo Earth.

Cameron, Winifred Sawtell, et al., *Apollo 17 LunarPhotography*.Greenbelt, MD: National Space Science Data Center, Goddard SpaceFlight Center, 1974. Still another book of lunar photographs,similar to volumes for previous missions.

Cameron, Winifred Sawtell, et al., *Apollo 17 Lunar Photography;Data Users' Note*. Greenbelt, MD: National Space Science DataCenter, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1974. Companion referencenotes to the preceding volume.

Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center. *Apollo 17 Index:MappingCamera and Panoramic Camera Photographs*. Houston, TX: JohnsonSpace Center, 1973. An index of supplemental data for allphotographstaken from the scientific instrument module on the service moduleof the Apollo 17 spacecraft.

Larson, K.B., et al. *Preliminary Catalog of Pictures Takenon the Lunar Surface during the Apollo 17 Mission*. Washington,DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1973. A catalog for the volume ofApollo 17 lunar photographs.

****APOLLO-SOYUZ****

El-Baz, Farouk. Editor. *Catalog of Earth Photographs from theApollo-Soyuz Test Project*. Washington, DC: Lyndon B. JohnsonSpace Center, 1979. A guide to usable photographs of the Earthobtained by the Apollo-Soyuz astronauts.

Eyermann, Karl-Heinz. *Sojus, Apollo 1975*. Leipzig, FRG:Urania-Verlag, 1975. A popular account of Apollo-Soyuz for thegeneral German reader with a section on technology and a numberof photos and diagrams.

Ezell, Edward Clinton, and Ezell, Linda Neuman. *The Partnership:A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project*. Washington, DC:NASA SP-4209, 1978. This solid and detailed history of the jointspace venture of the United States and the Soviet Union in 1975is based on numerous official sources, oral interviews, and taperecordings by the authors of meetings and conversations withparticipantsin the preparations for the mission. Thus, in many ways this isa first-hand account distilling not only the contents of technicaldocuments but also the contemporary comments and experiences ofparticipants. The book begins with the background to the mission,going back to the Cold War competition between the United Statesand the Soviet Union. It recounts the early proposals forcooperationbetween the two world powers, especially those in the early andmid-1960s that reached a temporary dead end. The authors followthis with an account of the discussions in the early 1970s thatled to the actual joint mission. More than a diplomatic history,however, the volume describes the design, development, andproductionof "the hardware and systems whereby two spacecraft fromdifferent traditions could be joined together in space" (p.354 of the book). The authors also relate how NASA deputyadministra-tor George Low had foreseen that space exploration was tooexpensivefor both powers to continue duplicative programs forever. At thetime the book was written, this was still speculation, but nowit is clear that this book provides an important prologue to thecurrent plans for cooperation in space by the United States andRussia.

Froehlich, Walter. *Apollo-Soyuz*. Washington, DC: NASAEP-109,1976. This handsome little pictorial history contains a ratherextensive text discussing the background to the mission, thespacecraft,the scientific experiments, the men involved, the reentry, andthe significance of the American-Soviet cooperation in space.A number of tables complement the text. Written by a journalist,the volume is highly readable though far from definitive.

Lebedev, L.A. [Lev Aleksandrovich] and Romanov, Alexander.*Rendezvousin Space: Soyuz Apollo*. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1979.Translated from the Russian by Leonard Stoklitsky. This volumeprovides Soviet perspective on the joint mission.

Lee, Chester M., ed. *Apollo Soyuz Mission Report*. San Diego,CA: Univelt, 1976. This detailed account of the Apollo Soyuzmissionprovides a handy mission summary in its beginning pages and thenanalyzes the spacecraft systems perfor- mance, the crew station,the experiments performed, inflight demonstrations, joint flightactivities, biomedical matters, and anomalies experienced duringthe mission. Although written in the passive voice, making itboth less readable and less informative about some matters thanit might have been, the report contains a great deal ofinformation,much of it comprehensible to the lay reader. A number of appendicessupplement the information in the text.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. *Apollo SoyuzTest Project: First International Manned Space Flight, July 15-24,1975*. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration,1975. This 17-page pamphlet contains a brief rundown on theobjectivesof the mission, the mission itself and recovery of the crew, alisting of experiments performed, followed by much more extensivecrew biographies for both the American and Soviet crew members.

Page, Lou Williams and Page, Thornton. *Apollo-Soyuz*.Washington,DC: NASA EPs-133 through 141, 1977. These nine pamphlets are basedon investigators' reports of experimental results, written withthe help of advising teachers to serve as "curriculumsupplementsdesigned for teachers, supervisors, curriculum specialists, andtextbook writers as well as for the general public." Dr.Lou Williams Page, a geologist, and Dr. Thornton Page, anastronomer,brought their special expertise to the writing. They divided thetopics of individual pamphlets into "The Flight,""X-Rays, Gamma-Rays," "Sun, Stars, In Between,""GravitationalField," "The Earth from Orbit," "Cosmic RayDosage," "Biology in Zero-G," "Zero-GTechnology,"and "General Science."

*The Soyuz-Apollo Project*. Moscow, USSR: Novosti Press AgencyPub. House, 1975. A pre-mission account from the Soviet perspectiveon the upcoming Apollo- Soyuz mission, as Americans call it. Itincludes biographies of the crew members and a discussion of jointflight preparations through December 1974.

United States House, Committee on Science and Astronautics.*SpaceShuttle, Space Tug, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project--1974; StatusReport*.Ninety-third Congress, Second Session. February 1974. Washington,DC: Govt. Print. Off., 1974. This lengthy report consists of asummary, conclusions, and a series of briefings by representativesof various NASA centers and contractors. One of the conclusionswas that the "Apollo-Soyuz Test Project is proceeding onschedule and within the costs projected."

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