Center Director’s Message............................................. 2

NASA Vision and Mission............................................... 4

KSC Goals and Principles................................................5

The President’s Mgmt. Agenda....................................... 6

Significant Events......................................................... 10

Expendable Launch Vehicle Program .......................... 12

Space Shuttle Program ................................................ 14

Shuttle Upgrades ......................................................... 18

International Space Station

and Shuttle Payload Processing .................................. 22

Payload Carriers Program............................................ 26

Spaceport and Range Technologies ............................ 28

Future Vehicles ............................................................ 32

Safety and Health First................................................. 34

Environmental Stewardship ......................................... 36

Partnerships ................................................................. 38

Outreach to the World .................................................. 44

Education ..................................................................... 46

KSC Business Report....................................................48

Economic Impact

Workforce Diversity

Procurement Report

Financial Statement

Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents
A Message from

the Center Director the Center Director the Center Director

2 2002 Annual Report

Roy D. Bridges Jr.

 This year Kennedy Space

Center (KSC) marked 40

years of pioneering the

future. The 1960s were an

exciting time at KSC as the

New World set out to explore

even newer worlds from our

launch pads. All eyes

focused on Florida as

America took its first steps in

the race for space.

Heroes were made and

everyone knew them by

name. They represented everything good about our

country, but especially its spirit of exploration and

opening new frontiers of human experience.

 During the tireless space race to see which

country would first launch a satellite, orbit the Earth,

and ultimately land on the moon, no one thought that

we would one day work in partnership with our former

principal adversary. We held our breath and prayed

for the survival of those first explorers. Today we

cherish those who made the ultimate sacrifice for

future generations as courageous heroes.

 The spirit and dreams of discovery born during

those early days of the 1960s still live on at KSC as

we continue to inspire the next generation of

explorers – as only NASA can.

 This year we commemorated the 112th Space

Shuttle launch and 33rd Expendable Launch Vehicle

(ELV) launch since KSC became the manager of the

ELV program in October 1998. All but one of this

year’s Shuttle missions focused on the daunting task

of building the most complex laboratory ever built, the

International Space Station (ISS).

 More than 390,000 pounds of ISS components

are in orbit today and another 110,000 pounds will be

processed during the coming year to achieve “U.S.

Core Complete.” KSC played a crucial role in making

sure everything worked when it got to orbit, always

remembering the seriousness of our responsibilities.

 KSC is actively involved in the areas of Next

Generation Launch Technologies (NGLT) and the

development of new Spaceport and Range

Technologies. With NGLT, we engaged in and have

influenced the design criteria for future vehicles with

operational and human factors considerations. The

Spaceport and Range Technology Development

initiatives are pressing forward and making steadfast

progress in developing technologies that are

essential for next generation spaceports and ranges.

 As a result of a shared vision with the state of

Florida, the Space Experiment Research and

Processing Laboratory (SERPL) and the 400-acre

International Space Research Park are fast becoming

part of our Space Center’s landscape. SERPL will

soon host the world’s most prominent scientists, who

will push the frontiers of research using facilities and

the unique environment of microgravity aboard the

International Space Station.

 Even as we reflected on 40 years of launches,

evolving spacecraft and amazing discoveries, we

unveiled our spaceport vision for the next fifty years –

the Cape Canaveral Spaceport Master Plan. NASA/

Kennedy Space Center, the Air Force’s 45th Space

Wing, and the Florida Space Authority created this

plan with support from the Canaveral Port Authority,

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park

Service and the Department of the Navy. The plan

envisions a future of low-cost, safe and efficient

space travel and provides a way to expand our

spaceport capabilities and facilities while protecting

the Space Coast’s unique environmental treasures.

 We hope you will join with us as partners in our

future efforts to explore space as a One NASA team

of NASA Centers, and support industry and academia

organizations. Together, we will share in the

excitement and new discoveries that will come as we

commit our passion and excellence to advancing the

state of the art in space launch operations and in

Spaceport and Range Technologies to serve our

customers and civilization well in the future.
Ivor Webster art rendering of a future

Kennedy Space Center spaceport.

Kennedy Space Center

Strategic Goals

and Guiding Principles

The strategic goals and guiding principles developed at KSC

mirror the dedication, excellence and integrity of investing

in America’s future through continued space exploration.

Goals

• Assure and advance access to space for exploration,

development, and use

• Provide innovative spacecraft and range technologies

for safe space operations and exploration missions

• Provide and assure safe, world-class services

Principles

• Safety and Health First

• Build Reliance and Teamwork Everywhere

• Satisfy Our Customers’ Needs Anytime, Anywhere

• Environmental Leadership

Goals

• Assure and advance access to space for exploration,

development, and use

• Provide innovative spacecraft and range technologies

for safe space operations and exploration missions

• Provide and assure safe, world-class services

Principles

• Safety and Health First

• Build Reliance and Teamwork Everywhere

• Satisfy Our Customers’ Needs Anytime, Anywhere

• Environmental Leadership
The President’s Management Agenda The President’s Management Agenda

 6 2002 Annual Report

NASA and the Kennedy Space Center fully embrace

the principles of the President’s Management Agenda

as a tool to improve government performance. NASA

has received accolades from the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) for leading other

government departments and agencies in

implementation of the five government-wide

initiatives, and KSC is proud to play a role in the

Agency’s progress in these areas:

Strategic Management of Human Capital

KSC’s most valuable asset is its workforce and

recognizes that the issues associated with an aging

workforce and an increasingly competitive hiring

environment pose a challenge to building capabilities

for the future. NASA has formulated a detailed

Strategic Human Capital Implementation Plan to

guide the Agency; and in support of these strategies,

KSC successfully completed deployment of a

Centerwide competency management system pilot

project to identify competencies and skill gaps in key

technical and functional areas.

Competitive Sourcing

KSC continues to use competitive procurements to

obtain a vast majority of our programs and services.

Even though the Agency will continue to undertake

scientific and technical projects on its own, KSC is

committed to expanding the use of competition to

accomplish the mission in the most affordable and

efficient manner. In accordance with the Federal

Activities Inventory Reform (FAIR) Act, KSC

submitted a comprehensive update to the FAIR Act

Inventory and a Competitive Sourcing Plan, and has

exceeded the initial competitive sourcing goals set by

the OMB.

Improved Financial Performance

The Center is committed to improving systems and

procedures for financial planning, reporting and

management. KSC is making final preparations for

implementation of the Core Financial Module, a

critical subsystem of NASA’s Integrated Financial

Management Program (IFMP), in FY2003. Other

system modules for functions such as time and

attendance reporting and personnel management

have already been activated as tools to enhance the

Center’s financial accountability.

e-Government

KSC is enhancing the way it uses information

technology and electronic tools to improve

communication of the Agency’s mission results,

products, plans and programs, and to enhance

information exchange among employees and

contractors. KSC has historically demonstrated webbased systems leadership, and continues to

champion initiatives to enable more citizen-centered

electronic government.

Budget and Performance Integration

KSC continues to improve the linkage between the

budget and performance planning to ensure

programs are accountable for their results. KSC’s

FY2004 budget submittal was formatted to support

NASA’s Full Cost Initiative and Integrated Budget and

Performance Document (IBPD).
Sunset-shaded clouds fill the sky as the launch tower on pad

17-A, CCAFS, rolls back to reveal the Boeing Delta II rocket

with NASA’s Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) spacecraft
Inside an Orbiter Processing Facility bay, Space Shuttle Columbia

readied for its move to the Vehicle Assembly Building. The orbiter

was being prepared to fly on mission STS-107, which launched

Jan. 16, 2003. The STS-107 mission was dedicated to microgravity

research. Columbia and her seven member crew were lost during

reentry, Feb. 1, 2003.
The Lockheed Martin Atlas IIA rocket lifts off from Launch Pad 36-

A, CCAFS, with NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-I

(TDRS-I) aboard, March 8, 2002.
Significant Events Significant Events Significant Events

During Fiscal Year 2002 During Fiscal Year 2002

11/13/01 - NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC)

received the prestigious Franklin Covey Team Award

for Synergy and Impact for “outstanding effectiveness

in the workplace and community.”

12/05/01 – Launch of STS-108/Endeavour to the

International Space Station on the 12th ISS assembly

mission, also designated Utilization Flight 1.

12/07/01 – Launch of NASA’s Jason-1/TIMED

satellites on a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Air

Force Base, Calif. Jason-1 will study the Earth’s

oceans over a five-year period. TIMED (The Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and

Dynamics) will study the effects of the Sun and outer

space on Earth’s upper and lower atmospheres.

12/11/01 – NASA KSC awards the Life Sciences

contract to Dynamac Corp.

12/21/01– Sean O’Keefe is sworn in as the new

NASA Administrator.

1/25/02 – The Cape Canaveral Spaceport Planning

and Customer Service Center opens at Cape

Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The facility is a

joint partnership between NASA, the Air Force and

the state of Florida to create a one-stop shop for new

launch and program customer needs.

2/05/02 – Launch of NASA’s High Energy Solar

Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) spacecraft from the

Pegasus XL vehicle at CCAFS on a mission to

explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and

release in solar flares.

2/5/02 – NASA announces that the Space Shuttle

Orbiter Major Modifications (OMM) Program will be

relocated from Palmdale, Calif., to KSC.

2/12/01 – KSC takes part in a Space Day celebration

in Tallahassee. NASA astronauts participated and a

Space Art Contest winner received a U.S. Savings

Bond.

2/14/01– New NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe

visits KSC to tour the Center’s facilities and meet

space workers.

3/01/02 – Launch of STS-109/Columbia on the fourth

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing mission. The

launch begins the third decade of Columbia’s space

flights.

3/08/02 – Launch of NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay

System-I (TDRS-I) satellite on an Atlas II from

CCAFS. TDRS-I is the second in a series of three

Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellites.

4/08/02 – Launch of STS-110/Atlantis on the 13th ISS

assembly mission to deliver and install the Starboard0 (S0) Truss Segment and the Mobile Transporter.

4/23/02 – KSC tests the Smart Umbilical Mating

System in support of NASA’s Space Launch Initiative.

5/04/02 – Launch of NASA’s Aqua-EOS (Earth

Observing System) satellite aboard a Delta II rocket

from VAFB, Calif. Aqua-EOS will provide a six-year

chronology of Earth and its processes including a

long-term study of the scope, dynamics and implications of global change.

5/14-15/02 – The NASA MarsPort Engineering

Design Student Competition 2002 draws teams to

KSC from universities around the country to present

ideas for a MarsPort Deployable Greenhouse.

 10 2002 Annual Report

From left: The Bumper V-2, the first missile launched at Cape

Canaveral, lifted off on July 24, 1950; the original seven Mercury

astronauts posed beside an Air Force F-102 jet, July 24, 1950.

Standing from left are Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John

Glenn, Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepherd Jr.

and Donald “Deke” Slayton; launch of the Mercury Atlas-9 carrying

Gordon Cooper from Launch Complex 14 occurred May 15, 1963.
7/30/02 – KSC develops a precision launch pad

lightning detection sensor system, known as the

Sonic Lightning Locator, that may have commercial

applications.

8/28/02 – NASA KSC, the 45th Space Wing and the

Florida Space Authority unveil their first-of-its-kind

Cape Canaveral Spaceport 50-year Master Plan

during a briefing to government representatives,

community leaders and the media at Port

Canaveral’s Cruise Terminal 10. Attending the event

were U.S. Senator Bill Nelson and U.S. Representative Dave Weldon.

9/03/02 – The first Orbiter Major Modifications (OMM)

began at KSC on Orbiter Discovery, after the

program was relocated from Palmdale, Calif., in a

cost-saving effort.

2002 Annual Report 11

Kennedy Space Center was created in 1962 and this

year, 2002, marked our 40th Anniversary. It was a time

to look back at where we’ve been. A time to reflect on

those who laid the foundation, in space and on the

ground, during the early years of the U.S. space

program. A time to remember and honor those

achievements. A time to reflect on how far we’ve

come...and where our path will take us next. This year’s

Annual Report features a historical timeline along the

lower portion of the pages. There are so many

wonderful events and memories and each one is

significant in its own way. As our 40-year story unfolds

we hope you will enjoy the photographs that appear in

this report which only provide a glimpse of a rich history

of significant accomplishments.

Historical Footnote

5/20/02 – KSC awards a two-year contract to prominent historians and authors Dr. Kenneth Lipartito and

Dr. Orville Butler to write the history of KSC.

6/05/02 – Launch of STS-111/Endeavour on the 14th

ISS mission, designated Utilization Flight 2, and the

delivery of the Expedition 5 crew to the Station and

return of the Expedition 4 crew.

6/06/02 – KSC senior executives meet with community leaders at the KSC Visitor Complex for the

annual Community Leaders Briefing, during which

NASA’s new mission and vision statements were

unveiled. The theme was “Commemorating 40 Years

of Space Exploration.”

6/24/02 – Launch of the NASA/NOAA-M satellite on a

Titan II from VAFB, Calif., on a mission to improve

weather forecasting and monitor environmental

events around the world.

6/28/02 – NASA KSC and the Florida Space Authority

host an industry briefing to talk about plans for the

International Space Research Park at KSC.

7/01/02 – Kennedy Space Center begins a yearlong

celebration of 40 years as a NASA launch center.

Originally named the Launch Operations Center on

July 1, 1962, the nation’s premier space launch site

was later renamed the John F. Kennedy Space

Center.

7/03/02 – Launch of the NASA CONTOUR (Comet

Nucleus Tour) spacecraft aboard a Delta II from

CCAFS. CONTOUR, which was designed to take

pictures and collect and analyze the dust in the

nucleus of two comets, fell silent after firing its solid

rocket motor on Aug. 15, 2002. NASA is studying the

mission loss and considering options for recovery of

the lost science.

From left: John Glenn enters the spacecraft for his MercuryAtlas-6 flight, Feb. 20, 1962; Werner von Braun witnesses

the Saturn I launch from the blockhouse at Launch Complex

37B, Feb. 16, 1965; President John F. Kennedy visits

Launch Complex 15 at Cape Canaveral during a

Presidential tour, circa 1962.
Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) Program

Kennedy Space Center’s ELV Program continues to

develop strategies for ensuring the availability of

affordable, reliable access to space for all NASA

missions. During this past year, the ELV Program

managed six successful launches, inserting seven

spacecraft into their intended orbits:

• Jason/TIMED (Two Spacecraft on one Launch

 Vehicle)

• High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI)

• Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-I)

• Aqua Earth Observing System (EOS)

• NOAA-M (National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration)

• CONTOUR

The Program received a 94 percent satisfaction

rating from its customers for its work on these

missions. The customers included spacecraft programs and projects managed by other NASA Centers, other government agencies, private industry and

universities.

The ELV Program continued to build partnerships

with other government agencies and began

certification efforts for the new fleets of ELV’s in

support of manifested NASA missions.

• The ELV Program managed approximately 20

missions that were on contract with Launch

Service Providers for services on Pegasus, Delta

II, Atlas IIA and Atlas IIIB.

• In addition, the ELV Program supported more than

30 manifested spacecraft/missions during their

early design and development stages. These

customers received early trade studies, integration

expertise and launch vehicle data to assist with

launch vehicle planning.

Advanced Programs

The ELV Program is integrally involved in the advanced planning efforts for many future NASA

missions. The new endeavors are:

• missions to Mars, Pluto, and the other outer

planets.

• follow-on missions in support of Earth Sciences.

• flight demonstrations for Next Generation Launch

Technologies .

• reimbursable missions from other Government

agencies, such as the Department of Defense

(DoD) and NOAA.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)

KSC awarded a Launch Service Task Order (LSTO)

to Lockheed Martin Commercial Launch Services,

Inc. in June 2002 for the Atlas IIIB launch services in

support of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)

mission, scheduled for launch in August 2005.

• The acquisition of commercial launch services for

the MRO mission represents the first competitive

LSTO award under the NASA Launch Services

(NLS) contracts.

• MRO was the first head-to-head competition

between the two major domestic providers of

launch services in several years. The NLS LSTO

acquisition took just a little more than six months

to complete, or around one-third of the typical

procurement lead time for a multi-million dollar

acquisition of this type and complexity by the

government.

• MRO also resulted in a substantial price reduction

from NLS not-to-exceed prices, that was passed

on to the MRO Project managed by the Jet

Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif.

12 2002 Annual Report

From left: The Gemini 4 lifted off from Launch Complex 19, June 3,

1965; Gemini 12 prime crew James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin went up

the ramp prior to their launch, wearing signs “The End,” marking

the last Gemini mission and the beginning of the Apollo era; and

Gemini 12 lifted off from Launch Complex 14, Nov.11, 1966.
Aqua EOS (Earth Observing System)

• Launched May 4, 2002, on a Delta II from VAFB.

• Aqua is one of a series of EOS spacecraft.

• Aqua’s six state-of-the-art instruments will gather

information about the Earth’s water including

global precipitation, evaporation and cycling.

• Aqua is a joint project between the U.S., Japan

and Brazil.

NOAA-M (National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration)

• Launched June 24, 2002, on a Titan II from VAFB.

• NOAA-M will provide worldwide weather, environmental monitoring, and search and rescue capability.

• Was the last NASA launch of the Titan II fleet.

• Team effort of NASA, NOAA and the U.S. Air

Force.

CONTOUR (Comet Nucleus)

• Launched July 3, 2002, on a Delta II vehicle from

CCAFS.

• Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab

built CONTOUR for NASA.

• CONTOUR was designed to take pictures and

analyze dust in the nucleus of two comets.

• CONTOUR fell silent after firing its solid rocket

motor, Aug.15, 2002. NASA is considering recovery options for the lost science.

2002 Annual Report 13

• LSTO team members responsible for this milestone were from KSC’s ELV Program, JPL and

KSC’s procurement and legal directorates.

Launch Summary

Jason/TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere

Mesophere Energetics and Dynamics)

• Launched Dec. 7, 2001, on a Delta II launch

vehicle from VAFB.

• Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab

built TIMED for NASA.

• It is the second flight of the Dual Payload Attach

Fitting developed for NASA missions.

• This effort marked increased international cooperation with the French Space Agency for the

integration and launch of the Jason mission.

HESSI (High Energy Solar Spectroscopic

Imager)

• Launched Feb. 5, 2002, on a Pegasus vehicle

from CCAFS.

• Mission objective is to explore the basic physics of

particle acceleration and explosive energy release

in solar flares.

• First launch service ordered under the KSC/ELV

SELVS (Small Expendable Launch Vehicle

Services) contract.

TDRS-I (Tracking Data and Relay System)

• Launched March 8, 2002, on an Atlas IIA rocket

from CCAFS.

• Second in a series of three replenishment spacecraft for the existing on-orbit constellation.

• Successfully placed in a Geo-Transfer Orbit.

From left: Early construction of the Vehicle Assembly Building

(VAB), June 1964; VAB construction with the Launch Control

Center in the foreground, January 1965; Dr. Kurt Debus signed a

beam during the VAB opening ceremonies, April 14, 1965.
Space Shuttle Program

 14 2002 Annual Report

Several new processing improvements, Shuttle

upgrades and development of more efficient

processing components and procedures were just

some of the highlights of KSC’s Space Shuttle

Program last year. These improvements helped

contribute to the success of each Space Shuttle

processing and launch from KSC.

The Space Shuttle processing team successfully

processed three orbiter vehicles for four launches

during the year.

• Three missions: STS-108 aboard Endeavour on

Dec. 17, 2001; STS-110 aboard Atlantis on April 8,

2002; and STS-111 aboard Endeavour on June 5,

2002, carried several ISS assembly components

and science experiments to the Station.

• Two crew rotations also occurred: Expedition 4

replaced the Expedition 3 crew on the ISS during

Mission STS-108 and Expedition 5 replaced the

Expedition 4 crew during Mission STS-111.

• Mission STS-109, which launched aboard Columbia on March 1, 2002, was the fourth Hubble

Space Telescope Servicing Mission. The sevenmember crew replaced several crucial elements of

the telescope to upgrade and extend its view of

the universe. Mission STS-109 also marked

Columbia’s return to flight after refurbishment.

• The launch of Mission STS-110 marked a milestone, as Mission Specialist Jerry Ross became

the first human to fly in space seven times,

breaking his own and other astronauts’ records of

six space flights.

A total of 28 astronauts flew on missions during the

fiscal year and logged a cumulative total of

approximately 19 million miles in space. Total flight

time in space was 48 days, 7 hours and 23 minutes.

NASA’s Orbiter Major Modifications (OMM) program

was relocated to KSC from Palmdale, Calif., in early

2002.

For the first time in the history of KSC’s Space

Shuttle Program, an orbiter vehicle (Discovery) is

undergoing its OMM inside the Orbiter Processing

Facility. Beginning in early September, the vehicle

began its regularly scheduled maintenance and

upgrade for approximately one year before returning

to flight in 2004.

The Shuttle processing team also embraced the new

President’s Management Agenda by initiating three

new automated systems to create easy-to-find, single

points of information access, reduce the burden of

reporting this information and make the sharing of

information across departments more efficient and

convenient.

There are two new systems:

• Constraint Automated Tracking System, a webbased system that provides viewing capability of

active Shuttle flight hardware and Ground Support

Equipment Work Authorizing Document Constraints.

• Automated Change Processing System (Change

Express), a joint effort between NASA Shuttle

Processing Change Management System and

United Space Alliance (USA) Ground Operations.

It is a web-based system that provides a single

point of access for data reports and queries.

The Time, Age, Cycle Control System was upgraded

to a new Silverstream tracking system. The system

tracks and provides historical data on orbiter and

mission equipment hardware, including

approximately 44,000 serialized components.
2002 Annual Report 15

Process Improvements

Orbiter Logistics Long-Term Support

NASA KSC Logistics and USA Integrated Logistics

conducted a wide range of assessments to forecast

support capability a year or more into the future by:

• analyzing 80,000 items in the orbiter inventory.

• conducting an in-depth evaluation of the remaining

2000 items for insight into supply chain health,

engineering resources, repair capability, reliability,

and aging or obsolescence issues, as well as

potential recovery time if there was a break in the

supply chain.

• identifying items at risk due to loss of support

capability or hardware degradation.

• collecting and analyzing data from a variety of

Shuttle support functions, including NASA Space

Shuttle Vehicle Engineering Office; Shuttle Processing Operations, Safety, Reliability, and Quality

Assurance; USA Integrated Logistics; Orbiter

Element; Business Management; Upgrades; and

Boeing Engineering.

• prioritizing a list of high-risk items with risk mitigation plans, hardware upgrade recommendations,

maintenance, repair and replacement strategies,

improved supplier information and budget input.

The assessment will be performed annually, allowing

tracking and feedback for budget submission, NASA

management reviews, and the Shuttle Integrated

Investment Strategy. By integrating long-term risk

assessment with other management processes, cost

identification is improved.

Hypergolic Maintenance Facility Quick

Disconnect

The Hypergolic Maintenance Facility Quick

Disconnect (QD) Lab initiated a process change to

eliminate an unnecessary purge filter from the

FairChild manual Ground Half-Coupling QD’s. This

will be an ongoing process until approximately 350

filter assemblies are removed from service. Once

removed the filters will be decontaminated, cleaned,

and returned to stock for use in the pneumatic

Ground Half-Coupling QD’s. This resulted in

significant cost savings to the Space Shuttle

program.

Orbiter Operations and Processing

Achievements

Orbiter Major Modifications (OMM)

• Orbiter Discovery started its third OMM on

Sept. 3, 2002, the first OMM to be perfomed at

KSC. Preplanning activities began in March 2002

to develop new planning and implementation

tools, enhance current processes and increase the

existing workforce.

• During the OMM, Discovery’s airframe, wiring and

subsystems will be thoroughly inspected. Several

modifications will also be implemented, including

the Multifunction Electronic Display System that

will replace Discovery’s mechanical cockpit

instrumentation with computerized displays.

• In addition, orbiter cooling and power capabilities

will be upgraded to meet future Space Station

science mission requirements.

From far left: The Apollo 11 prime crew, Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong and Edwin

“Buzz” Aldrin, rehearsed for their Moon landing mission; stacking of the Saturn V space

vehicle inside the VAB, April 4, 1969; rollout of the Saturn V space vehicle from the

VAB’s High Bay 1, May 20, 1969; the 3.5 mile trek atop the crawler transporter to

Launch Complex 39A, May 20, 1969; Apollo 11 launch, bound for the Moon, occurred on

July 16, 1969; former President Lyndon B. Johnson and Vice President Spiro Agnew

viewed the Apollo 11 launch from the VIP viewing site.
Orbiter Endeavour rolled from the Orbiter Processing Facility

to the Vehicle Assembly Building, Sept. 30, 2002, in

preparation for mission STS-113.

 16 2002 Annual Report

From left: The Apollo 11 Lunar Module began its descent to

the Moon; Astronaut Neil Armstrong descended from the

Apollo 11 Lunar Module to become the first man and first

American to step on the Moon, July 20, 1969; Astronaut

Buzz Aldrin posed for a photo near the U.S. Flag during an

Apollo 11 extravehicular activity, July 20, 1969.

Space Shuttle Program (continued) Space Shuttle Program (continued) Space Shuttle Program (continued)

Orbiter Atlantis Improvements

Prior to Mission STS-110, orbiter Atlantis’ time in the

Orbiter Processing Facility was extended to allow for

the installation of new flight hardware to enhance the

orbiter’s capabilities.

• A new Modular Memory Unit (MMU) was installed

that integrates the existing functions of the Space

Shuttle MMUs, operational recorders and payload

data recorders into a single unit.

• The Device Driver Unit (DDU) was replaced with

an upgraded DDU that provides power to the

orbiter manual controllers, rudder pedal transducers, nose-wheel position transducers and associated amplifiers. New DDUs are scheduled for

installation on Discovery and Endeavour during

their next OMM.

Energy Management Activities

KSC Shuttle Processing formed a partnership with

Florida Power and Light that when fully implemented

will result in more than $400,000 worth of savings on

annual electricity costs at KSC. KSC Shuttle

Processing researches the latest trends in energyefficient facility subsystems, and if proven energyefficient, cost effective and technically reliable, they

are installed as a part of energy efficiency projects.

The cost-saving efforts resulted in the installation of

cutting-edge technologies in Shuttle-managed

facilities including:

• the Ground Systems Division managment of

a $3.2 million energy efficiency project to retrofit

and redesign aging Shuttle facilities at KSC.

• emphasizing efficient operation of existing system

controls in building automation systems for cooling

and lighting control.

KSC’s Shuttle program also supports energy

management activities across the Federal

Government. This year KSC Space Shuttle program

managers spoke about energy-savings initiatives at

the Dept. of Energy’s Federal Energy Managers

Conference in Washington, DC.
Space Shuttle Atlantis roared into the sky on Mission STS-110,

April 8, 2002, from Launch Pad 39B, as birds beat a swift retreat.

Mission STS-110 was the 13th assembly flight to the International

Space Station.
New processing techniques, equipment, tools and a

new control and monitoring system were some of the

enhancements developed to improve the Shuttle

processing and upgrades program at KSC. These

included the development of lightweight orbiter

component materials, a ground measurement system

and a tool to aid in orbiter stacking prior to launch.

These orbiter processing enhancements and

upgrades helped to ensure and continue KSC’s

commitment to safety in all aspects of Space Shuttle

processing activities.

Convoy Command Vehicle Delivered

• A new convoy command vehicle was delivered,

replacing the 15-year-old model. The vehicle will

be used during launch and landing operations.

• The vehicle will be used following Shuttle landings

as the prime vehicle to control critical communications between the orbiter, the crew and the Launch

Control Center, monitoring the health of the

systems and directing post-landing convoy

operations at the Shuttle Landing Facility.

Hazardous Gas Detection System (HGDS

2000) Installation Completed

• The system was installed and tested on Mobile

Launch Platform (MLP) 2 and was first used

during the STS-109 processing at the launch pad

and countdown.

• HGDS 2000 was subsequently installed on MLP-1

and MLP-3 and successfully supported STS-110

and STS-111.

• A fourth and final unit was delivered and is functional in the Vehicle Assembly Building.

• The new system greatly increases the reliability,

maintainability and supportability of the MLPs’

hazardous warning systems.

Solid Rocket Motor Stacking

Enhancement Tool

The Mechanical Systems Division led the effort to

design, develop, test and deploy the Solid Rocket

Motor Stacking Enhancement Tool (SSET). The

SSET:

• is a specialized mobile data acquisition system

that is designed to measure the weight distribution

of a suspended Solid Rocket Motor segment on a

lifting beam and the distance between the suspended segment and the mated joint during

vertical segment assembly operations.

• replaces and enhances the capability of two

existing systems with a single instrument rack that

improves data accuracy, uses off-the-shelf components, features an enhanced graphical user

interface, and significantly increases the amount

of data recorded during critical Solid Rocket

Booster segment mating operations.

Fail-Safe Jackscrew

The recent failure of one of the more than 4,000

jackscrews at KSC made apparent the need for a failsafe design. A jackscrew is a portable or fixed device

for lifting a heavy load a short distance by means of a

screw mechanism. It is used to lift or exert pressure.

An engineering team:

• designed a fail-safe jackscrew.

• developed a retrofit kit for several of the jackscrew

types in use at KSC.

• used as much of the existing hardware as possible

and minimized the length added to the actuator, or

device that holds the jackscrew.

Shuttle Upgrades Shuttle Upgrades Shuttle Upgrades

 18 2002 Annual Report

From left: Astronaut Alan Shepard suited up for his

Apollo 14 mission; Apollo 14 launched from Launch Pad

39A, Jan. 31, 1971; Dr. George Lowe and Dr. Von Braun

monitored the launch from KSC.
• successfully designed a retrofit kit for several of

the jackscrew types in use at KSC: installation of

the retrofit kit transforms an ordinary jackscrew

into a fail-safe design.

• is working to retrofit and test a prototype unit in

the Launch Equipment Test Facility.

Lightning Induced Voltage Instrumentation

System and Catenary Wire Lightning Instrumentation System Upgrades

An upgrade to the Lightning Induced Voltage

Instrumentation System (LIVIS) and Catenary Wire

Lightning Instrumentation System (CWLIS) was

completed. The centerpiece of this upgrade was the

development of a digitizer board that replaces an

older analog system. This upgrade provides:

• data directly to the operator console in the Launch

Control Center.

• access to recorded data, including waveforms to

the users moments after the data has been

recorded.

Ground Measurement System

The Ground Measurement System (GMS) replaced

the Pad Measurement System and:

• feeds data from myriad sensors, including pressure, acoustic, accelerometers, load cells and

strain gauges, to the Launch Control Center for

processing and distribution.

• captures data during critical operational activities,

such as solid booster stacking, mobile launch

platform rollout from the Vehicle Assembly Building to the pad and actual launch operations.

• introduces a new, universal signal conditioning

amplifier assembly and an advanced data acquisition system.

• provides quick access to the data with accuracy

and connectivity to large storage capacity units for

later data retrieval.

Facility Systems Control and Monitoring

The Kennedy Complex Control System (KCCS) is

being deployed and will replace obsolete facility

control and monitoring systems presently in use at

the Launch Complex 39 area. KCCS will:

• reduce the cost of system maintenance.

• increase system interface capability.

• target deficiencies.

KCCS provides control and monitoring services at

several KSC facilities including the Launch Control

Center, Mobile Launch Platforms and launch pads.

The open architecture of KCCS has allowed the

project to:

• integrate control and monitoring of equipment

installed by other projects much more cost effectively than would be possible with the old system.

• provide the core system into which other smaller

systems can be integrated.

2002 Annual Report 19

From left: Apollo 15 rollout, May 18, 1971 for launch July 26, 1971;

Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans and Harrison

Schmitt on Moon Rover during rollout; launch of Apollo 17 from

Launch Pad 39A, Dec. 17, 1972. It was the first manned nighttime

mission, the first mission with a geologist astronaut on the lunar

surface and the last mission to the Moon.

A technician checks an orbiter Thermal Control

System Blanket that will be used on a future flight.
 20 2002 Annual Report

• provides KSC with a state-of-the-art Facilities

Monitoring/Control and Energy Management

System.

Power System Restoration within the

Launch Complex 39 Area

The age of the launch pads and major processing

facilities, environmental factors, launch blast, Solid

Rocket Booster residue and hardware obsolescence

issues dictate replacement and modernization of the

Launch Complex 39 facility power and distribution

system.

• Electrical distribution schemes are being resized

to more efficiently serve Space Shuttle program

loads.

• Restoration will yield significant savings in energy

and yearly maintenance costs.

• Future projects are planned to replace the deteriorating electrical power distribution systems for all

critical processing facilities.

Nondestructive Evaluation of Orbiter Flight

Crew System Lightweight Components

In a weight reduction effort, Flight Crew System

(FCS) engineering converted several orbiter

components from metallic structures to graphiteepoxy composite honeycomb. The components

included pallets, lockers, a mid-deck

accommodations rack and tool storage assembly.

KSC and Johnson Space Center developed reliable

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods,

Shearography and Thermography, that can be used

for frequent handling of these components in space

and on the ground. The new techniques:

• are both effective and affordable.

• complete the inspections in much less time than

conventional ultrasound.

• are more accurate than visual inspection.

As a result, inspections of FCS lightweight

components are more cost effective and save more

time than ever before.

From left: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Saturn 1B sat on the

pad’s “milkstand” ready for launch July 15, 1975 and

rendezvous with the Russian Soyuz spacecraft; the Skylab

module with solar array shield floated above Earth after

launch May 14, 1973; the Skylab 3 astronauts, launched July

28, 1973. Alan Bean, Owen Garriott and Jack Lousma spent

59 days and 11 hours in orbit.

Shuttle Upgrades (continued) Shuttle Upgrades (continued) Shuttle Upgrades (continued)

Technicians install the first of three Space Shuttle Main

Engines on Atlantis in preparation for mission STS-112.

A tile technician inspects tile on orbiter Endeavour in preparation

for the next flight.
A United Space Alliance Shuttle Systems

Inspector checks the flow liner on Columbia

after the engines were removed. The

inspection was the result of small cracks

being discovered on the Liquid Hydrogen

(LH2) Main Propulsion System flow liners in

two other orbiters.
The International Space Station (ISS)/Payload

Processing mission is to direct and manage the

launch site support, ground processing and

integration of Space Shuttle payloads, payload

carriers and Space Station components, including

assembly elements, resupply cargo and utilization

experiments.

Ground Processing of International

Space Station Elements

KSC’s ISS ground processing team prepared, tested

and integrated Space Station elements for ISS

missions, instituting new cost- and time-saving

procedures while maintaining safety and reliability.

The processing team assembled, integrated, tested

and performed checkouts for successfully flown

missions during the year. Accomplishments for

missions included the following:

Mission STS-108/Utilization Flight-1 (UF-1)

• Installed ISS cargo into the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) at the pad for the first time,

using newly developed support equipment that

allowed access into the MPLM while in the vertical

position.

Mission STS-110

• Completed powered-on acceptance tests and

verification of more than 6000 acceptance test

requirements.

• Instituted a S0 Truss and Mobile Transporter

copper path matrix to provide positive proof of

interface integrity.

• Inspected the S0 Truss soft dock springs for

incorrect alignment; discovered two EVA connector adapter positions that would have failed to

mate on orbit.

• Discovered shroud interference with Global

Positioning System (GPS) antenna.

Mission STS-111/Utilization Flight-2 (UF-2)

• Cleaned the MPLM to highly sensitive cleanliness

after mission 7A.1 since foreign object debris was

an issue on orbit.

• Integrated the fullest MPLM to date (15 racks) and

installed the first Bungee Web for temporary onorbit stowage in the MPLM as an on-orbit time

saver for the crew.

• Delivered the Canadian Mobile Base System

(MBS), the second major Canadian Space Station

element, to continue the assembly of the Mobile

Servicing System (MSS).

• Delivered the first European-built Facility Class

rack, the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG),

to support experimental studies in materials

science, combustion, fluids and biotechnology.

• Extensively tested the MPLM Support Vehicle

(MSV). The MSV will trail the Shuttle after landing

and will be used to carry powered-on Earth

experiments and science that return from the

Station for return to the principal investigators.

Assembly, integration, testing and checkout was

accomplished on several missions that were also in

process at KSC during the year:

• Starboard 1 (S1) (STS-112) and Port-1 (P1) (STS113) Trusses including the External Active Thermal Control System, Crew Equipment and Translation Aid and Antennas.

• Utilization and Logistics Flight-1 (ULF-1) Mission

STS-114 with its Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory

Freezer (MELFI) for ISS.

International Space Station International Space Station

and Shuttle Payload Processing and Shuttle Payload Processing

 22 2002 Annual Report

From left: Inside Hangar AM at CCAFS, workers mate the

Pioneer 6 to a Delta third stage on Oct. 7, 1965; and Pioneer 6

launched aboard a Delta rocket from Launch Pad 17-A at

CCAFS, Dec. 16, 1965.
• P3/P4 Truss (STS-115) with its two Unpressurized

Cargo Carrier Attach Systems, Solar Array Rotary

Joint (SARJ) Integrated Equipment Assembly and

two Solar Array Wings.

• the P5 and S5 Truss Elements (STS-116 and

STS-118).

• S3/S4 Truss (STS-117) with its four Payload

Attach Systems (PAS), SARJ, Integrated Equipment Assembly and two Solar Array Wings.

Ground Processing of Primary Shuttle

Payloads for their Missions:

• STS-109/Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission 3B – Completed highly successful

integration, test, launch and recovery of the four

HST Servicing Mission carrier elements and the

associated Orbital Replacement Units/Orbital

Replacement Instruments.

• STS-107/SPACEHAB-RDM and FREESTAR –

Provided facilities and processing support during

and after the mission was rescheduled to early

2003.

KSC Utilization

The Utilization Team provided laboratory

accommodations and support services to a diverse

group of payload developers and principal

investigators, including the European and Japanese

Space Agencies, enabling critical commercial and

educational research to be conducted on the Station.

The team provided:

• launch site integration services, including operation of test systems used for final design verification and ISS interface verification testing.

• carrier and vehicle physical integration.

• late stowage and early access operations for a

host of ISS Research Experiments, and assistance

for the Marshall Space Flight Center Payload

Operations Center with ISS payload on-orbit

activation and troubleshooting.

The ISS Payloads Program and NASA’s Office of

Biological and Physical Research reached its initial

goal of ten payload facilities onboard the ISS. The

testing also contributed to the successful resolution of

anomalies detected before flight, which ultimately led

to:

• improvements in on-orbit crew procedures.

• enhancements to primary hardware configurations.

• updates to critical ground and flight software/

databases.

Payloads processed at KSC during FY02 represented

a number of scientific disciplines including:

• Microgravity Research: Microgravity Science

Glovebox; Space Acceleration Measurement

System II; Protein Crystal Growth – Single Thermal

Enclosure System; Dynamically Controlled Protein

Crystal Growth; Human Life Sciences; Human

Research Facility – 2; Fundamental Biology and

Biomass Production System.

• Earth Science: Window Observational Research

Facility.

• Commercial Research/Space Product Development: Advanced Astroculture; Plant Generic

Bioprocessing Apparatus; Commercial Generic

Bioprocessing Apparatus and Zeolite Crystal

Growth Furnace.

• Refrigerator/Freezers: MELFI and the Advanced

Thermoelectric Refrigerator/Freezer. (ARCTIC)

• Payload Carriers: Expedite the Processing of

Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) Rack 6.

2002 Annual Report 23

From left: The Mariner 9 space probe underwent final checkout

May 20, 1971, at CCAFS prior to launch; an Atlas Centaur

soared skyward, May 30, 1971, from CCAFS Launch Pad 36B,

carrying the Mariner 9 space probe; an Intelsat V launched

aboard an Atlas Centaur rocket, Dec. 15, 1981, from Launch

Pad 36-B.
 24 2002 Annual Report

Safety and Mission Assurance

The KSC Ground Safety Review Panel (GSRP)

continues to be recognized as one of NASA’s Best

Practices. Due to the panel’s efforts, there have been

no catastrophic mishaps occurring during KSC

ground processing operations, and no fatalities or

permanent injuries. These efforts were a result of 72

ground safety reviews,163 flight safety data package

reviews and completion of 89 Government Furnished

Equipment ground safety checklists.

Payload Canister Transporter

Replacement

Two new Payload Canister Transporters, which

replaced the 20-year-old transporters, were delivered

to KSC this year. Each can transport, to the OPF or

launch pads, a maximum payload and canister

weight of 172,000 pounds. In addition, the canisters’

upgrades and new technology make them more

reliable.

Logistics Warehouse

and Consolidation

The ISS Support Equipment Control Board members

and the Boeing Payload Ground Operations

Contractor LEAN Team worked together to perform a

Warehousing Consolidation Initiative in the KSC ISS

Logistics warehouses to reduce costs. The team

helped relocate, consolidate and excess items stored

in the on-Center warehouses and freed up enough

space to consolidate all Space Station warehousing

on-Center resulting in a direct cost savings of $1.6

million.

The team inventoried and categorized items in

storage using a new process developed by the team

that allowed quick and easy identification of items that

were obsolete or unusable.

From left: Columbia was lowered to the External Tank in the VAB

in preparation for the first Space Shuttle launch, STS-1; John

Young and Robert Crippen, the STS-1 crew; Launch of Columbia,

STS-1, April 12, 1981, from Launch Pad 39A.

International Space Station International Space Station

and Shuttle Payload Processing (continued) and Shuttle Payload Processing (continued) and Shuttle Payload Processing (continued)

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility look over the

Mobile Base System (MBS), part of the payload on mission

STS-111 to the International Space Station.
The Space Shuttle Endeavour’s massive payload

bay doors dwarf a technician as they begin to

close around the P1 Truss Segment in preparation for the STS-113 launch.
Program Improvements

The Payload Carriers Program consolidated its major

analytical integration, sustaining engineering and

Operations and Maintenance activities.

• Design center activities were transferred from

Marshall Space Flight Center to Goddard Space

Flight Center in order to streamline activities and

reduce costs.

• A study began during a summer faculty assistance

program to document all carriers within the

inventory and determine their remaining useful life.

It expanded into a continued study in conjunction

with Kansas State University faculty and students.

• The Program completed modifications to deliver

the third Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment

Support Structure (MPESS) Carrier (LMC). The

MPESS’s lighter-weight configuration improved

the Shuttle’s cargo carrying capability by utilizing

the normally unused Bay 13 area. The LMC is

projected to be used frequently on future Space

Shuttle flights.

• The Program continued its support for the Intelligent Synthesis Environment technology specifically to meet any Launch-On-Need requirement

for future flights and was successfully used to

validate the cargo capabilities for Mission STS108.

Mission Support

The Payload Carriers Program provided payloadprocessing services for four Space Shuttle flights

including:

• two International Space Station (ISS) assembly

flights.

• one mixed ISS Utilization and Shuttle-based

science flight.

• one Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission.

The Program successfully supported Mission STS109/Hubble Space Telescope Service Mission 3B

with:

• a Flight Support System.

• MULE (Multi-Use Lightweight Equipment).

• Spacelab Pallet carrier.

These payload carriers contained The Advanced

Camera for Surveys; four large flexible solar array

panels; a new Power Control Unit (PCU) to replace

the original PCU that was on the telescope for 11

years; and a new experimental cooling system.

The Payload Carriers Program provided the LMC

carrier hardware and four Get-Away Special

Payloads along with the MACH-1 Hitchhiker payload

that carried six of the 10 experiments on Mission

STS-108/ISS Utilization Flight-1.

Payload Carriers Program

26 2002 Annual Report

From left: Columbia rolled to Launch Pad

39A, Feb. 16, 1982, for STS-3; Columbia

launched from Launch Pad 39A on STS-4

carrying the first Getaway Specials

payloads; workers lowered the Anik C-3, the

first commercial satellite, into the payload

assist module for flight on STS-5; Anik C-3

was deployed on STS-5, Nov. 11,1982.
Payload Carriers team members check the Spacelab

Pallet in the Operations and Checkout Building.
The development of new technologies that will impact

future spaceports and communities characterizes

KSC.

Space Act Awards

For the third consecutive year, KSC innovators

earned more Space Act Award dollars than any other

NASA civil servant center.

• The fiscal year 2002 award amount of $190,850 is

divided among four areas. The software release

area won $51,600; patent applications received

$23,000; TechBriefs awards totaled $47,600; and

board action awards reached the highest amount

at $68,650.

• This year’s award dollars show a significant

increase from the total amount of $12,000

awarded just 10 years ago.

Technology Spinoffs

Each year KSC’s technical contributions, originally

designed for the space program, are mainstreamed

into the civilian world to better the lives of millions of

people.

Remote Monitoring and Alarm System

(RMAS)

This electronic central monitoring system checks the

health of remotely located equipment modules of

transmitting and receiving equipment in KSC’s

fiberoptic communication network. RMAS includes a

central monitoring unit conveniently located for easy

access by technicians, plus a remote terminal unit at

each remote site. The “backend” software used on

the UNIX-based platform in the central management

center to monitor the remote sites has a graphical

user interface (GUI), which simplifies operation. The

technology (Case Number KSC-11655) was patented

and licensed for commercialization.

Potential commercial applications include:

• telephone, cable television, and cable Internet

providers for monitoring remotely located switching, power and fiber optic equipment.

• manufacturing for industry for monitoring production lines and automated assembly equipment

from remote locations.

• conventional and nuclear power plants for monitoring the status of remote sensors, pumps,

actuators and motors.

• hospitals and healthcare facilities for monitoring

the status of their patients.

• safety and security firms for monitoring clients’

valuable or sensitive equipment.

Improving Effectiveness of a Permeable

Treatment Wall with Ultrasound

A unique system is being developed at KSC for in situ

treatment of groundwater contaminated with

chlorinated solvents. The method involves installing a

water-permeable treatment wall at significant depths

— 40 to 70 feet below the surface — like a strainer

across the flow path of a contaminant plume, allowing

groundwater to move passively through while

precipitating, gripping, or degrading the

contaminants. This treatment method is most

commonly applied to treat chlorinated solvents using

zero-valent metals such as iron as the reactive

media. Reductive dechlorination occurs by reaction of

the contaminant with the surface-bound iron at the

treatment wall border. The iron may be installed as

pure iron filings or mixed with sand or gravel to

improve permeability.

A fairly recent innovation, treatment walls are

becoming widely used and have been proven highly

effective. The most significant factor that limits the

applicability of this method is the cost associated with

Spaceport and Range Technologies Spaceport and Range Technologies Spaceport and Range Technologies

 28 2002 Annual Report

From left: Astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald Peterson

performed the first space walk of the shuttle program during

Mission STS-6, which launched April 7, 1983; Astronaut Sally

Ride became the first woman in space during Mission STS-7,

aboard Challenger, June 18, 1983.
installation. Permeable treatment walls are most

commonly installed using traditional excavation and

backfilling or trenching, which require removal and

offsite disposal of the contaminated soil. These costs

become excessive when the reactive material must

be placed far below the surface, which is the case at

KSC. Deep installation using current placement

methods requires the removal of existing soil and

offsite disposal of the contaminated soil, which

dramatically increases treatment costs.

KSC’s innovative technology (Case Number KSC11959) will provide a significantly more effective and

cheaper alternative to existing systems.

In-Situ Reductive Dehalogenation of DNAPLs

Through the Use of Emulsified Zero-Valent

Iron Particles

Similar to the previous technology, this process

employs the use of zero-valent iron in an emulsion

formula to reductively dechlorinate dense

nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sources in

polluted water. This technology replaces the pump

and treats technique due to their slow dissolution of

the solvents. A patent was filed and is currently

pending; the technology (Case Number KSC-12246)

is available for commercialization.

Potential commercial applications for both

technologies include:

• dye and paint manufacturers.

• dry cleaners.

• chemical manufacturers.

• metal cleaning and degreasing facilities.

• leather-tanning facilities.

• pharmaceutical manufacturers.

2002 Annual Report 29

• adhesive and aerosol manufacturers.

• government/military facilities.

Personal Cabin Pressure Monitor and

Altitude Warning System

This new device may prevent aircraft accidents by

warning the crew of potentially dangerous or

deteriorating cabin pressure conditions and

reminding them of the need for supplemental oxygen.

This personal, portable device can be used in a

variety of aviation, aerospace and nonaerospace

applications where warning of one’s exposure to

high-pressure altitude is important. A patent was filed

and issued and the technology (Case Number KSC12168) was licensed for commercialization.

Market applications include:

• pressurized and nonpressurized aircraft.

• human-tended space operations.

• ground-based aerospace systems (e.g., vacuum

test chambers).

• altitude chambers.

• environmental simulation vessel.

• mountain climbing.

• meteorology.

From left: Astronaut Guion Bluford became the first AfricanAmerican astronaut in space, Aug. 8, 1983, when Challenger

launched on Mission STS-8; inside the Operations and Checkout

Building, technicians prepare Spacelab 1 for flight on Mission

STS-9; the first Space Shuttle flight carrying six crew members

was Mission STS-9, aboard Columbia, Nov. 28, 1983. STS-9

also carried the first European Space Agency astronaut.
Signal-Conditioning Amplifier Recorder

(SCAmpR)

SCAmpR replaces the existing Ground Measurement

System (GMS) Phase 2 Data Acquisition System

(DAS) used by NASA to support Space Shuttle

launch pad measurements. The SCAmpR meets

performance requirements established by the GMS.

In addition, the SCAmpR DAS greatly improves

reliability, significantly reduces cost of ownership and

provides users with much more flexibility than the

existing GMS. A patent was filed and the technology

(Case Number KSC-12296) is available for

commercialization.

Advanced Data Acquisition System

Similar to SCAmpR, this technology is a self-healing,

self-calibrating signal-conditioning amplifier designed

for current and future requirements of the aerospace

sensors and transducers field. New designs

incorporate self-health, self-calibration and self-repair

capabilities, allowing for greater measurement

reliability and extended calibration cycles. With the

addition of power management designs and

components, state-of-the-art data acquisition systems

allow data that can be processed and presented with

increased efficiency and accuracy. This device

provides increased reliability by utilizing techniques to

automatically reroute signals through different paths

when the processor identifies a component

malfunction. A patent was issued for this technology

(Case Number KSC-12301) and it is available for

commercialization.

Potential applications include:

• aerospace vehicles.

• engine test stands.

• medical diagnostics.

• power generation facilities.

• wind tunnels.

• crash-test facilities.

• monitoring of industrial processes.

Liquid Applied Galvanic Coatings for

Protection of Steel in Concrete

This innovation involves a liquid coating applied to

the outer surface of reinforced concrete to protect the

embedded rebar from corrosion. The coating

contains one of several types of metallic particles—

magnesium, zinc or indium. An electrical current

established between metallic particles in the applied

coating and the surface of the rebar provide the

necessary electric charge to offer cathodic protection.

The current forces a flow of metal ions from the

coating onto the rebar, preventing the loss of metal

ions that would normally occur as part of the natural

corrosion process. This technology is innovative

because it can be applied (1) to the outside surface

of reinforced concrete and (2) with a conventional

brush or sprayer. A patent was filed and the

technology (Case Number KSC-12049) is available

for licensing.

Potential applications include:

• highway and bridge infrastructures.

• piers and docks.

• concrete balconies and ceilings.

• parking garages.

• cooling towers.

• pipelines.

 30 2002 Annual Report

Spaceport and Range Technologies Spaceport and Range Technologies Spaceport and Range Technologies

(continued) (continued) (continued)

From left: Space Shuttle Challenger sat on Pad 39A for

launch on Mission STS-41B, Feb. 3, 1984; during Mission

STS-41B Astronaut Bruce McCandless operated Manned

Maneuvering Unit during an EVA for the first time; STS-41B

was the first Shuttle landing at KSC, Feb. 11, 1984.
Capacitive Detection of Water in Orbiter

Thermal Protection System Tiles

In March 2001, during recovery operations at Dryden

Flight Research Facility, orbiter Atlantis was

subjected to an unusual amount of rain. This resulted

in the thermal protection tiles becoming more

waterlogged than had ever been observed in the

history of the Shuttle program and led to a

lengthened flow because of the additional infrared

(IR) scanning and baking of tiles to dry them.

As a result of this situation, NASA KSC Labs

developed some new methods that improved the

orbiter tile drying process, including:

• a vacuum system to remove water from the tiles.

• a tool that detects water in tiles and takes measurements immediately after water removal.

In the future the vacuum process and water detection

tool will be used in addition to the current IR scan and

baking process to shorten tile drying time.

Spaceport and Range Technologies Lines

of Business and Outputs

In order to satisfy its customers and achieve its

mission, KSC has three synergistic external lines of

business: Spaceport Operations, Spaceport Design

and Systems Development, and Spaceport & Range

Technology and Science.

Spaceport Operations is divided into three product/

service lines:

• Reusable Launch Vehicle Services.

• Expendable Launch Vehicle Services.

• International Space Station/Payload Services.

Spaceport Design and Systems Development

includes design and development of launch vehicle

processing systems, payload processing systems,

and landing and recovery systems.

The Spaceport & Range Technology and Science line

of business comprises six research and technology

development product lines in direct support of

Spaceport Design and Systems Development and

Spaceport Operations. The resulting output/

innovations from these six areas are also evaluated

for their commercial potential and made available for

licensing through the Technology Commercialization

Office.

Other KSC technology successes include:

• Smart Umbilical Mating System (Case Number

KSC-12138, developed under an SBIR contract).

• Liquefied Natural Gas Tank Gauging System

(Case Number KSC-12302).

• Electronic Portable Information Collection (EPIC)

System (Case Number KSC-11943).

• Torque Wrench Tool Adapter (Case Number KSC11508).

• Perfluorocarbons as Fire Suppression Agents

(Case Number KSC-11573, developed under an

SBIR contract).

2002 Annual Report 31

From left: The first flight of Space Shuttle Discovery was Mission

STS-41D, launched Aug. 30, 1984, from Launch Pad 39A; Mission

STS-41G, launched aboard Challenger, Oct. 5, 1984, was the first

flight with two female astronauts aboard, Kathryn Sullivan and Sally

Ride; during Mission STS-41G astronauts David Leestma (left) and

Kathryn Sullivan perform an EVA in Challenger’s aft cargo bay.
Kennedy Space Center holds a critical position in the

Next Generation Launch Technologies (NGLT)

program as a supplier to the Marshall Space Flight

Center-managed development program. NGLT is the

program to develop technologies necessary for future

launch vehicles.

The Space Shuttle is America’s first generation

Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). KSC is providing

the project leadership for ground operations

technology development work, as well as providing

team members to the flight vehicle/systems

engineering development teams.

The KSC team established key partnerships and

contracts with companies that are developing new

technologies for future launch vehicles. Through

these partnerships and contracts, KSC is working in

the areas of:

• densified, or super-cooled cryogenic fuels.

• advanced checkout and control systems.

• integrated vehicle health management systems

development.

• sharing world-class knowledge of vehicle and

payload processing.

In-house KSC tasks, worked primarily by KSC civil

servants, progress well in the area of future umbilical

development, as well as space-based range safety,

systems.

Advanced Spaceport and Range

Technologies

KSC’s mission in Spaceport and Range Technology

Development is enabled by the technology planning

efforts of both the Advanced Range Technology

Working Group (ARTWG) and Advanced Spaceport

Technology Working Group (ASTWG). These working

groups, led by KSC, are building a “community” that

is focused on:

• furthering the technology research and development for future spaceports and ranges.

• leveraging resources and soliciting input and

advice from all stakeholders.

The partners in the working groups include NASA,

the Air Force, Navy, Federal Aviation Authority,

Department of Commerce, state spaceports, industry

and academia.

Significant progress was made towards developing

the national road maps. In September 2002, the Air

Force co-hosted the third ARTWG/ASTWG

Conference in Colorado Springs and provided a faceto-face opportunity to work together in developing the

details for the road maps. Breakout sessions allowed

the technology subteams to:

• prepare a function-specific road map for nextgeneration technology development that will be

integrated into a master road map for Spaceport

and Range Development work.

• prove that the working groups continue to increase

in membership and broaden the stakeholder base.

KSC plays a vital role in the development of future

launch vehicles, as well as spaceport and range

technology, through the ASTWG and ARTWG

working groups.

Future Vehicles Future Vehicles Future Vehicles

32 2002 Annual Report

From left: The European Space Agency’s Spacelab 3 was

installed in Challenger’s cargo bay, Oct. 24, 1985, in preparation for Mission STS-51B; Mission STS-51B launched aboard

Challenger on Oct. 30, 1985, carrying the first eight-member

crew; the Space Shuttle Program returned to flight with the

launch of Mission STS-26 aboard Discovery, Sept. 29, 1988,

from Launch Pad 39B.
An artist’s rendering of a future

Kennedy Space Center spaceport.
Superior safety and health performance is Kennedy

Space Center’s top priority. And since the Sept. 11,

2001, terrorist attacks KSC has taken precautions to

make the Space Center an even safer place to work.

Innovative approaches resulted in a a civil service

lost time injury rate of just 0.19 (lost time injuries per

100 employees), surpassing NASA’s goal of 0.20.

Only three lost time injuries for the entire KSC civil

service workforce occurred during the fiscal year and

contractor organizations performed well in addition.

OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)

• VPP is the benchmark for improvements to KSC’s

safety and health programs. Since the KSC VPP

readiness effort began in December 2000, more

than 240 safety program improvements have been

identified and implemented.

• The KSC civil service workforce, including more

than 170 employees belonging to special teams,

strives for STAR Certification—the highest VPP

certification level. Two of KSC’s largest contractors, United Space Alliance and Space Gateway

Support, have gained STAR status, and new

contracts for on-site services include requirements

for development of VPP quality safety and health

programs.

Safety Resources Web Site

(http://kscsafety.ksc.nasa.gov/isqpage.htm)

• This new Web site provides one-stop shopping for

Center safety information on VPP, contacts and

safety and health guidelines, and provides links to

all KSC safety and mission assurance organizations.

Automated Safety Variance Tracking and

Processing

KSC developed and implemented an on-line safety

variance review and approval process. The system

allows reviewers to evaluate and approve or

disapprove requests for variance from safety policy

on-line. This new system allows for concurrent

reviews and improves response time. It also allows

for more real-time interaction between reviewers that

had been previously limited.

New Safety and Health Training Program

Enhancements

Supervisors were provided a complete method for

assessing their departmental safety and health

training needs. This needs assessment assures that

each employee has a tailored safety and health

training plan that addresses the unique hazards of

their job. In addition all employees completed the

new five core safety and health training classes to

ensure a complete baseline of understanding of

KSC’s safety and health programs and policies.

Safety and Health Program Updates

The Goal Performance Evaluation System (GPES)

was updated to include enhancements to recording

and tracking safety and health information.

Specifically, the supervisor inspection process was

automated to include checklist generation and data

tracking, to highlight safety and health concerns

identified in the workplace. Also included is a new

safety and health meeting section that allows

employees and supervisors the opportunity to select

specific topics for discussion. GPES was also

updated to include the Job Hazard Analysis program

to allow employees and supervisors to review and

assign applicable job hazards analyses.

Safety and Health First Safety and Health First Safety and Health First

 34 2002 Annual Report

From left: The Long Duration Exposure Facility orbits above

Earth after launch aboard Challenger on Mission STS-41C,

April 6, 1984; the Magellan spacecraft was deployed from

Atlantis’ payload bay after launch May 4, 1989 on Mission

STS-30; the Hubble Space Telescope was lifted into

workstands in the Vertical Processing Facility for processing

prior to Mission STS-31’s launch, April 24, 1990.
2002 Annual Report 35

A vendor displays safety garb during Spaceport Super Safety

& Health Day at KSC. Dozens of presentations and exhibits

across the Center focused attention on safety at work and

home.

Automated Heat Stress Monitoring

This innovative notification system for heat illness

prevention uses continuous monitoring of ambient

Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures (WBGT) for shade and

direct sunlight. It sends real time WBGT

measurements to desktop computer, and provides

current WBGT and informational material on a Heat

Stress Web site. The system also sends e-mail and

pager notification of heat stress conditions, which can

be tailored to personalized operational requirements

of KSC subscribers. The messages include

appropriate set-point WBGT for particular work and

describes prevention measures.

Employee Health

• Informational programs on improving employee

health along with nutrition and fitness programs

were offered to the workforce.

• Utilizing KSC’s outstanding facilities, employees

made more than 2,800 visits to the Rehab Works

Center and 97,000 visits to KSC Fitness Center.

• Free screenings for such concerns as cardiovascular disease indicators and breast and colorectal

cancer were offered to employees.

• Monthly employee wellness training and information sharing on such topics as skin cancer prevention and hearing conservation were provided to all

employees.

• An employee health and fitness day was held that

allowed employees to learn about health and

wellness programs throughout the community and

provided health screenings of a number of concerns, as well as nutrition and exercise

counseling.

• A number of health advisories were issued to

employees to address breaking health concerns in

such areas as West Nile virus protection and

prevention, as well as providing education to

employees on bioterrorism response.

• And flu shots were provided to more than 2,000

employees in an preventative health effort to

address employee wellness.

From left: Crawler Transporter No. 2 reached its 1,000 mile

mark April 22, 1990, while carrying Space Shuttle Columbia to

the pad for Mission STS-35; during Mission STS-49, launched

May 7, 1992, crew members used Endeavour’s robotic arm to

capture the Intelsat VI satellite. It was the first orbital flight to

feature 4 EVAs—two being the longest in U.S. history; technicians connected the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-1 to orbiter

Columbia for Mission STS-50 that launched June 25, 1992.
As one of KSC’s four guiding principles, the Center

continues to preserve and enhance a wildlife sanctuary intertwined with KSC’s dynamic spaceport.

Major Efforts

The Payloads/Station team reduced the cost of the

Operations and Checkout Building’s high bay

heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system. By

modifying equipment and procedures within their

routine operations and maintenance budget, energy

costs were reduced to one-tenth of previous levels

while improving temperature and humidity conditions.

As part of the Center’s pollution prevention program,

more than 800 tons of steel and 300 tons of paper

and cardboard were recycled, and a new recycling

contract was awarded to enhance the program’s

return.

In an effort to restore Center environmental quality,

more than 11,000 tons of contaminated soil from

three KSC sites were disposed of properly. In

addition, KSC closed ten locations after

investigations found environmental pollution and then

took appropriate steps to remedy any discovered

contamination.

NASA, the Florida Department of Environmental

Protection and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

continued a long-term permitting and compliance

partnering effort. Air Resources Management, Water

Resources Management, Hazardous/Solid Waste

Management and Environmental Awareness and

Integration determine best management practices

and how to streamline activities, along with other

process improvements. Some of the results are:

• recycling initiatives.

• electronic dissemination of monitoring reports and

permits.

• streamlined issuance of air emissions permits.

• combined training efforts.

KSC’s Ecological Program members work closely

with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered

Species Office for the continued survival of the

federally protected Florida Scrub Jay in east central

Florida. Members are developing complex population

viability models. The models include relationships

between habitat quality and habitat management

approaches and influences of wildfires, land development and landscape fragmentation on the reproductive success and survival of individual scrub jays.

This data can be used to assess the risk of extinction

for isolated populations of the unique animals.

Results of these studies, which have been published

in peer-reviewed scientific journals, are used by

Florida’s land management agencies and the Endangered Species Office to develop the Species Recovery Plan required by the Endangered Species Act.

Achievements and Recognition

The Presidential Award for Leadership in Federal

Energy Management was presented by U.S. Vice

President Dick Cheney to NASA’s energy team.

KSC’s energy program achievements contributed to

earning this award.

The Department of Energy recognized energy saving

efforts at KSC with two awards:

• KSC-Boeing employee Doug Thom was named

NASA’s Energy Champion for reducing energy

consumption and costs by aggressively improving

operations and maintenance practices in Payload/

Station processing facilities.

• KSC received the Federal Energy and Water

Management Award for results of long-term efforts

to improve energy efficiency at the tracking and

data relay station.

Environmental Stewardship Environmental Stewardship

36 2002 Annual Report

From left: Mae Jemison, the first African-American woman in space on

Mission STS-47 aboard Endeavour, Sept. 12, 1992, works in the

Spacelab Japan Module prior to launch; during Mission STS-61, the first

Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, astronauts Story Musgrave

and Jeff Hoffman concluded their final spacewalk; Sergei Krikalev, the

first Russian cosmonaut on a Space Shuttle, talks to school children

during Mission STS-60 aboard Discovery, Feb. 3, 1994.
Roseate Spoonbills wade in the water near KSC while

another takes flight. The birds are named for their

brilliant pink color and paddle-shaped bill.

Inset photos: A Scrub Jay perches in a tree. Kennedy

Space Center’s inland waterways provide an oasis for

the Manatee, Florida’s gentle sea cow.
Partnerships Partnerships Partnerships

By forming business relationships with other

innovative organizations, Kennedy Space Center is

able to develop new assets for the Cape Canaveral

Spaceport, and better serve its customers while

growing the Center’s research and technology

development capabilities.

Space Experiment Research and

Processing Laboratory (SERPL)

SERPL will provide a world-class facility to support

both International Space Station life sciences

experiment processing and fundamental biological

research.

• KSC’s SERPL partner is the state of Florida,

including Florida Space Authority and Florida

Space Research Institute.

• Florida funded and initiated the construction that

began in 2002.

• The new 100,000-square-foot laboratory is at 40

percent completion and scheduled for total

completion in October 2003.

Space Agricultural Biology Research and

Education (SABRE) Institute

SABRE will support scientific research with a focus

on discovery and development of technology aspects

of advanced life support strategies.

• University of Florida’s Institute for Food and

Agricultural Sciences is KSC’s partner. SABRE

plans for a significant presence at the SERPL.

• Program Rollout was held by University of Florida

on April 29, 2002, at the KSC Visitor Complex,

Debus Center.

• Interdisciplinary biotechnology programs will

emphasize the fundamental biology of organisms

involved in spaceflight applications, including

those involved in advanced life support.

• Program focus parallels Earth-based applications

for solving problems in agricultural and environmental sciences, and thus presents key elements

of future agricultural and ecological systems.

International Space Research Park (ISRP)

The ISRP will attract and foster research and

technology development at KSC to support the use

and commercialization of the Station, KSC’s growth

as a Spaceport Technology Center, and the

exploration and development of space by Cape

Canaveral Spaceport customers.

• KSC partnered with the state of Florida to support

ISRP.

• ISRP evolved from SERPL.

• The yearlong concept development effort was

completed in May.

• Forecasts indicate an additional two million square

feet of facilities, employing about 8,000 ISRP

employees by 2023.

• Draft guidelines for prospective park tenants and

developers were published in June’s Federal

Business Opportunities.

• Other significant progress was made through

initiation of an Environmental Impact Statement

(EIS) and associated environmental studies, land

use planning and discussions with prospective

tenants.

• The first construction phase was completed on

Space Commerce Way, a new highway leading to

the ISRP tract.

• Delaware North Park Services initiated construction of the second phase that will wind around the

back of the Visitor Complex and extend onto

NASA Causeway.

 38 2002 Annual Report

From left: Chiaki Mukai, the first Japanese woman in space, entered

the IML-2 Spacelab module in Columbia’s payload bay during

Mission STS-65 that launched July 8, 1994; during Mission STS-64,

that launched Sept. 9, 1994 aboard Discovery, mission specialists

Mark Lee and Carl Meade performed the first untethered U.S.

spacewalk in 10 years; Eileen Collins became the first female Shuttle

pilot on Mission STS-63 aboard Discovery, Feb. 3, 1995.
• When completed next year, the new Space

Commerce Way will enable 24-hour access to

both the park and the Visitor Complex.

KSC Master Plan

A collaborative effort between KSC, U.S. Air Force

and the state of Florida developed a comprehensive

Master Plan for the geographic designation of the

Cape Canaveral Spaceport. The 50-year vision of the

Spaceport’s future was unveiled Aug. 28.

• Plan partners are Florida Space Authority, 45th

Space Wing Command, Naval Ordnance Test

Unit, Merritt Island Fish and Wildlife Refuge, and

the Canaveral National Seashore.

• The plan provides a demand-based Master Plan

documentation outlining three planning horizons

(25-year, second generation technology, third

generation technology).

• A Memorandum of Understanding between NASA

and the Air Force was developed to advance a

cooperative atmosphere among the Spaceport

stakeholders to facilitate creation of a world-class

Spaceport that benefits all stakeholders and

customers.

• The plan illustrates sub area planning for the KSC

Visitor Complex/Industrial area, the CCAFS

Industrial area, and the Port property.

• Launch Activity Prediction Model outlines market

demand-based launches through third generation

technology (approximately 250 land-based

launches).

• It outlines two new horizontal launch facilities

through the first two planning horizons, and a total

of six new vertical launch complexes through the

three planning horizons.

• More than 143,000 wildlife acres will be conserved

(a 3.5 percent decrease in overall environmental

land use with a forecasted 10-fold increase in

launch activity).

• A transportation corridor improvement program will

be provided.

• The plan identifies nontraditional market segments, including tourism, R&D and academia

ongoing collaborative efforts involving utility

systems and statewide transportation improvements.

Advanced Technology Development Center

(ATDC)

The ATDC will allow for full-scale demonstration,

testing and qualification of new Spaceport

Technologies in an environment closely

approximating an actual launch facility.

• KSC partnered with the 45th Space Wing and

Florida Air National Guard to support the ATDC,

which is NASA-led.

• The Center is currently under construction at

Launch Complex 20 (LC-20) on Cape Canaveral

Air Force Station (CCAFS).

• ATDC will be developed in phases.

• Spaceport Technology projects that show promise

in a laboratory environment can be deployed and

qualified at the ATDC under “real world” conditions, including high-volume, low-pressure cryogenic flow testing.

• It is currently supporting two major programs

qualification of liquid oxygen (LOX) transfer pumps

for the Space Shuttle program, and testing of

densified hydrogen and oxygen production units

for the Next Generation Launch Technologies.

• LOX pump testing is currently scheduled for mid2003, with densified propellant testing following in

mid-2004.

2002 Annual Report 39

From left: Inside Orbiter Processing Facility 3, workers installed

the Orbiter Docking System in Atlantis’ payload bay in preparation for the Mission STS-71 launch, June 27, 1995 and the first

Mir docking; Shannon Lucid (right front) became the first female

astronaut on the Mir Space Station and spent 188 days in space

until her return aboard Atlantis on Mission STS-79.
Aquatic Research Program

The Aquatic Research Program will demonstrate and

test the new technology in KSC’s unique aquatic

environment.

• KSC partnered with Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s

(JPL) Sensor Web Project.

• The Center installed 14 “Smart Pods” at designated locations within the culvert south of Launch

Pad 39A.

• Sensors on each pod record light intensity, water

temperature, air temperature, air humidity, water

turbidity, and water salinity (at different depths).

• Data will be collected every five minutes and

transmitted to a computer for display and archival.

• The program provides KSC with a virtual presence

within the ecosystem to gain a better understanding of the long-term trends.

• Workload required for collecting ecological data

will be minimized.

The Link Project

The Link Project is a collaboration supporting the

development of new technologies for remote

environments on Earth and on other planetary

bodies. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA) is examining the potential for

interactions at KSC because there are many ongoing

aquatic research programs of national significance at

the Center.

• KSC and NOAA are Link Project partners.

• NOAA supports KSC aquatic ecologists and

engineers to participate in submarine and remotely operated vehicle operations at Cape

Canaveral marine reserves, and deployment and

testing of newly developed NASA-KSC undersea

acoustic monitoring systems.

• NASA and NOAA are partnering on a joint research project utilizing the SRB recovery vessel

Liberty Star for mapping the Oculina Bank off

Cape Canaveral’s coast. Two expeditions will be

performed.

• The first of two expeditions occured Oct. 15–23,

2002, to survey the coral reef using multi-beam

sonar to provide detailed habitat mapping and

characterization.

• Survey results will be used to guide the second

expedition in spring 2003, when the reef fish

spawn, again using NASA’s ship, plus their

underwater robot and an acoustic hydrophone

system for listening to fish and vessel noise.

Energy Management Activities

In addition to moving KSC toward its energy

reduction goals and saving on utility costs, this effort

installs cutting-edge technologies in Shuttle managed

facilities. These systems intend to be proven energy

efficient, cost-effective and technically reliable. 

• Florida Power and Light partnered with KSC for

this $3.2 million project.

• Each year the initiative will result in more than

$400,000 in expected annual savings on

KSC retrofits and aging Shuttle facilities redesigns.

Advanced Power Supply Development

The quality of electrical power has never been more

critical to NASA than it is today. This is not only due

to widespread use of sensitive electronic equipment

but also to the increased dependency on this

equipment’s continuous and trouble-free

operation. The most significant threat to power quality

comes from the power supply itself. The power

 40 2002 Annual Report

Partnerships (continued) Partnerships (continued) Partnerships (continued)

From left: A Delta II expendable launch vehicle (ELV) lifted off from

Launch Complex 17A at CCAFS, Nov. 7, 1996, carrying the Mars

Global Surveyor; the first Microgravity Science Laboratory was

moved for installation into the payload canister for transport to

Columbia prior to launch on Mission STS-83, April 4, 1997; workers

checked the Cassini spacecraft in the Payload Hazardous

Servicing Facility prior to launch aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur ELV,

Oct.15,1997.
supply can inject large amounts of distortion into the

power distribution system, which reduces efficiency.

• KSC, University of Central Florida and Electrodynamics Inc. are project partners.

• They are developing a state-of-the-art power

supply that improves energy efficiency and

electrical power quality.

• It is a Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)

project.

• The project has demonstrated potential for

academia and industry partnerships to design

a power unit that is more efficient, more reliable,

and less costly to produce than any commercially

available unit.

• It has completed successful commercial packaging and unit testing.

• Prototype performance criteria, established by the

KSC Shuttle Processing Directorate, shows the

commercial prototype has met or exceeded

original specifications while providing a more costefficient product.

• The unit is patented and undergoing commercialization.

• It is likely to become a mass-produced, off-theshelf item.

• There has been significant attention from some of

the nation’s largest power supply manufacturers.

Sensors and Monitors

KSC has collaborated with other NASA Centers to

develop state-of-the-art sensor and monitoring

technology.

• KSC partnered with JPL on a NASA Electronic

Parts and Packaging Program, which evaluates

commercial electronic nose instruments that

detect vapors.

• KSC is partnering with Glenn Research Center

(GRC), Johnson Space Center (JSC), Case

Western Reserve University and Makel Engineering to develop a Microsystems-based Hydrazine

Detection System for the Station and EVA application.

• KSC along with JSC and JPL will be partnering to

develop an instrument for monitoring ammonia,

hypergolic fuel and oxidizer, in the Shuttle and ISS

airlock.

Cryogenic and Life Sciences Education

Grants

Three education grants were awarded in two

technical areas of research—cryogenics and life

sciences. Each grant is approximately $100,000 and

lasts for one year.

• In the cryogenics area, University of Central

Florida and Southern University (Baton Rouge,

LA) will work independently to investigate cryogenic switch technology.

• In the life sciences area, Ohio State University will

be teaming with KSC to develop an autonomous

harvester for plants in space, and with others to

look at technology for harvesting food on longer

duration Space Shuttle missions. This project may

also have technology transfer potential for production agriculture such as citrus producers interested

in automating some of their harvesting activity.

2002 Annual Report 41

From left: Mission Specialist Kay Hire, the first KSC employee

selected as an astronaut, participated in Mission STS-90 prelaunch

activities; launch of Mission STS-90 aboard Columbia was April 17,

1998. It was a 17-day Neurolab mission focused on microgravity’s

effects on the nervous system; Payload Specialist John Glenn Jr.

prepared for his return to flight on Mission STS-95 that launched

aboard Discovery on Oct. 19, 1998.
Aerospace Technician Instructional

Program

In June, a Space Act Agreement was formed to

support Brevard’s aerospace technician instructional

program.

• The program’s partners are Brevard Community

College’s Spaceport Center, USA, Boeing and

Wyle Labs.

• BCC received a $3 million National Science

Foundation grant and is working in conjunction

with the Community Colleges for Innovative

Technology Transfer consortium.

• A two-year associate of science degree in aerospace technology is offered.

• There are plans to develop certification requirements for aerospace technicians.

 42 2002 Annual Report

Partnerships (continued) Partnerships (continued) Partnerships (continued)

Many academic partnerships are the result of KSC’s relationship

with the state of Florida. These partnerships are formally defined in

Memoranda of Understanding, such as the one shown here being

signed by Center Director Roy Bridges and Florida’s Lt. Gov. Frank

Brogan (inset).

From left: The Mars Climate Orbiter was mated to the third stage of

a Delta II ELV inside the Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation

Facility-2 prior to launch on Nov. 24, 1998; during Mission STS-88,

the first International Space Station assembly mission, the crew

joined the U.S. Unity node to the Russian Zarya module in

Endeavour’s payload bay; NASA’s Mars Polar Lander, the second

of two Mars Surveyors, was launched on a Delta II ELV from

CCAFS Launch Complex 17A, Jan. 3, 1999.
Cape Canaveral Spaceport leaders gather after the master plan signing

ceremony at Port Canaveral Terminal 10. From left are Canaveral

National Seashore Superintendent Robert Newkirk, Canaveral Port

Authority Executive Director Malcolm "Mac" McLouth, KSC Director Roy

Bridges Jr., U.S. Rep. Dave Weldon, 45th Space Wing Commander

Gregory Pavlovich, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services Refuge Manager Ron

Hight, Naval Ordnance Test Unit Commanding Officer William Borger,

and Florida Space Authority Executive Director Ed Gormel. The plan

represents interagency cooperation between the leadership group's

agencies and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park

Service and U.S. Navy. Joining them in developing a vision of the

Spaceport's future have been aerospace educators, researchers, and

businesses, along with representatives from local, state and national

government.
Outreach to the World Outreach to the World

 44 2002 Annual Report

From left: The Chandra X-ray Observatory was installed

inside Columbia’s payload bay prior to the Mission STS-93

launch; Eileen Collins, the first female commander of a Space

Shuttle mission, prepared for Mission STS-93; Space Shuttle

Columbia sat on Launch Pad 39B less than two weeks after

Discovery’s launch on Mission STS-96. Launch of Mission

STS-93 was July 23, 1999.

Visitors from all over the world come to tour KSC’s

Visitor Complex. Guests see launches of the Space

Shuttle and new space vehicles many times each

year. KSC’s traveling exhibits and speakers bureau

reach many thousands at a variety of venues.

The Kennedy Space Center Visitor

Complex

Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex hosted

nearly 1.5 million visitors in FY2002. So that visitors

can be served and informed about NASA’s missions

and programs - past, present and future - many

enhancements were completed and more were

planned.

• The Rocket Garden was redesigned to enhance

its informational value, landscaping, comfort, and

safety. The new exhibits, lighting, seating areas,

and landscaping were well received, especially the

new water fountain.

• A new security policy was designed to protect our

visitors as well as KSC assets.

• The new International Space Station IMAX 3D film

premiered and is now the Visitor Complex’s most

popular IMAX presentation.

• The expansion of the Apollo/Saturn V Center

souvenir shop was completed.

KSC 40th Anniversary Events

To mark its 40th Anniversary, KSC began a yearlong

celebration on July 1, 2002. Several events, special

publications and Webcasts helped to mark the official

activation of the Launch Operations Center at Cape

Canaveral in 1962 and commencement of

independent operation under Dr. Kurt Debus. This

recognition included:

• A lecture series at KSC and the KSC Visitor

Complex that featured Carey McCleskey on Dr.

Debus, Dennis Jenkins on Shuttle Development,

and other speakers on topics such as the Bumper

launch. The series was also viewed on KSC

Webcast.

• A special color edition of Spaceport News was

published and distributed in July.

• A “Post Card” exhibit at KSC Visitor Complex

featured space spinoffs.

• A special feature “This Month in KSC’s History”

was displayed on KSC’s Web page.

• A collection of 220 historical photographs was

featured on KSC’s Multimedia Gallery.

• The Visitor Complex hosted a barbecue picnic in

September with several astronauts in attendance,

including Scott Carpenter, Bob Crippen and Brian

Duffy.

External Exhibits

This program, primarily composed of KSC volunteer

staffers and organizers, reached more than 200,000

people at a variety of events in Florida and

nationwide. Major events were a National Society of

Black Engineers Conference; LaRaza Hispanic

Leadership Conference; Federally Employed

Women’s National Training Program; Farnborough Air

Show in England; the Sun and Fun Airshow, and the

Air & Sea Show in Florida.

Speakers Bureau

KSC speakers and even a robot were part of

programs at about 500 events. They reached close to

a half million people in Florida, across the U.S., and

internationally at events in South Africa, Argentina

and Puerto Rico. Major events included Explorathon

at Jacksonville’s Museum of Science and History,

which hosted 10,000 students; and the Virginia State

Fair where “Andros,” the robot from KSC’s

Hazardous Robotics Program, was seen by more

than 300,000 during the week-long event.
Four space pioneers pose for a photo in the Rocket Garden at the

KSC Visitor Complex during a celebration of the 40th anniversary

of American spaceflight, Feb. 24, 2002. From left are Gordon

Cooper, Wally Schirra, Scott Carpenter and John Glenn Jr.

Protocol

KSC hosted 7,090 official guests during the year

including VIPs, education groups, Take our Children

to Work guests and Legislative guests. More than

80,000 Shuttle and ELV launch guests were hosted

for launch viewing and related activities. The office

coordinated several major events including the

Community Leader’s Breakfast and the Cape

Canaveral Spaceport’s 50-year Master Plan. More

than 350 employees (current and retired) supported

these activities.

Community Outreach

The Combined Federal Campaign exceeded its goal,

raising more than $300,000, with 35 percent of these

funds directed back to the local community. The

NASA KSC workforce joined with other organizations

at the center to contribute to the September 11

Disaster Relief Fund.

Legislative Affairs Space Industry Day

KSC’s Center Director and several NASA KSC

representatives attended the annual Space Industry

Day in Tallahassee, Fla., to participate in several

scheduled programs and activities. These included:

• meetings between KSC Center Director Roy

Bridges Jr. and Florida Senate and House leadership on space issues.

• an unprecedented opportunity for more than 160

State Legislators and their staff to interview

astronauts on the fourth floor rotunda of the House

Chamber.

• space and space industry exhibits positioned on

four floors of the State Capitol.

• a space education roundtable hosted at the

Capitol with key State education leaders.

• a space-related art contest concluding at the

Capitol.

Media Services

KSC’s Media Services supported Space Shuttle and

ELV launch activities, provided access to the KSC

press site, hosted media projects, distributed launch

products, provided audio and video coverage, live

web broadcasts, and KSC Web Site updates.

Accomplishments included:

• accreditation of more than 1,300 world-wide media

representatives for four Space Shuttle launches

and more than 100 media representatives for six

ELV launches.

• hosting more than 140 media projects that resulted in printed news articles, TV/film documentaries, internet and other news medium projects

reaching millions with NASA’s message.

• Completing more than 38,700 products including

printed material, visual and audio images, posters,

news releases, mission products and Spaceport

News issues.

• a new Web Studio debut, three launch-related

web broadcasts, four launch events with live

coverage that included both narrative and

downloadable video clips.
Kennedy Space Center’s Education Programs and

University Research Division provided meaningful

educational and professional development

experiences for nearly 150,000 participants in

Florida, Georgia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

The Division created new programs, partnerships and

products and assisted in KSC’s evolution to a

Spaceport Technology Center. They also integrated

programs and strengthened relationships across KSC

to pipeline qualified participants into educational,

research and career opportunities in the space

industry.

New Programs and Partnerships

• With sponsorship from the State Department of

Education, the SEE NASA (Student Educational

Experience) program used the unique resources

and missions of the KSC Spaceport to motivate

students from schools selected by the State of

Florida to study math and science.

• Educator’s Resource Center for K-12 was opened

in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

• Three new student program grants were awarded

to universities for undergraduate students studying

engineering, mathematics and sciences.

• A partnership with the University of Central Florida

(UCF) was formed to host the regional competition

of the For the Inspiration and Recognition of

Science and Technology (FIRST) Program in

Orlando.

• The Space Research Lecture Series was created

to increase working-level interaction between

NASA-sponsored scientists and Florida-based

researchers. KSC partnered with the Florida

Space Research Institute, the Space Business

Round Table, Delaware North Park Services and

the Florida Space Grant Consortium to create the

program. The events are held quarterly and

feature world-class scientists whose experiments

launch from the Spaceport, and whose space

research and technology advancements are of

interest to NASA and the Spaceport.

Research and Development (R&D)

KSC hosted the Minority University Presidents

Conference, which provided an opportunity for more

than 100 university presidents to hear about NASA

research and educational opportunities. This activity

has led to new partnerships with some of these

universities within the NASA family.

Through strategic planning, innovative staffing and

extensive internal and external partnerships, KSC’s

R&D area created new programs and issued

competitive grants to strengthen relationships with

academia R&D communities in Florida and also

nationally. These partnerships have increased the

amount of financial and intellectual resources

available to solve the Spaceport’s technology

challenges.

Education Education

46 2002 Annual Report

From left: Discovery was suspended by an overhead crane in the

VAB prior to stacking with the external tank and solid rocket boosters

for Mission STS-92, the Shuttle program’s 100th flight; Mission STS92 launched on Oct.11, 2000 and delivered the Z-1 Truss to the ISS;

a view of the ISS from Endeavour during Mission STS-97 showed

the Unity module, newly-installed P6 Integrated Truss Structure and

Solar Array Wing-3, that provided power to the Station.
For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) robotics

regional competition brought many students to the Center, including FIRST

World Champions, the Pink Team, shown here.

Below left: Students from Greensboro Elementary School

participate in SEE NASA (Student Education Experience-NASA).

The participants from Tallahassee are shown here constructing

paper rockets and learning how real rockets work.

Below right: Astronaut Story Musgrave visits with students at the

KSC Visitor Complex as one portion of National Space Day events

on May 2.
The work done at the Kennedy Space Center not

only helps the nation achieve its objectives in outer

space, it also enlarges and enhances the nearby

economy. These economic effects are broad and

substantial. The money spent on space exploration

directly supports employment and production at

Kennedy Space Center and generates additional

jobs, earnings and output elsewhere in Florida

through the purchase of goods and services from

firms in the private sector. KSC enhances the

productivity of the region’s workers, raising their

wages and standard of living.

To conduct its exploration of space, NASA requires

an extraordinary range of commodities including fuel,

missile engines, computers and photographic

equipment. The range of services it purchases is just

as wide, including communications, laboratory

testing, and university research. In meeting NASA’s

demand for these goods and services, local

contractors employ workers, fund payrolls and

generate output.

These workers and contractors generate additional

impacts as they spend their incomes and place

orders with other regional firms for materials and

services. Each round of such spending recirculates

NASA’s initial demand among Florida’s businesses

and households, multiplying the direct impact on the

economy.

KSC annually conducts an Economic Impact Study to

measure NASA’s effect on the economy at the local

(Brevard County) and regional (Central Florida)

levels. In FY 2000 and 2001, the study was

conducted by the University of Florida’s Bureau of

Economic and Business Research. The FY 2002

report is being conducted by the University of Central

Florida, and was not completed in time for this

publication; however, estimates are provided in the

following tables.

Economic Impact Economic Impact Economic Impact

 48 2002 Annual Report

 Brevard County Central Florida

 2002* 2001 2000 2002* 2001 2000

 Millions of FY 2002 Dollars

Procurement 1,425 1,332 1,166 1,447 1,352 1,219

Final Demand 974 910 849 1,112 1,039 1,001

Output 1,471 1,394 1,305 2,019 1,914 1,839

Earnings 633 606 562 826 790 749

* Estimated

From left: Ed Gormel (left) executive director of Spaceport Florida

Authority and KSC Director Roy Bridges Jr. signed the Space

Experiment Research & Processing Laboratory agreement at the

groundbreaking for Space Commerce Way, Feb. 8, 2001; the Delta II

rocket carried the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft into the clear blue

sky from CCAFS Launch Complex 17-A, April 7, 2001; Mission

Specialist Susan Helms, the first female ISS resident, worked in the

U.S. Destiny Lab after arriving aboard Discovery on Mission STS-102.

Procurement: Cost of goods and services paid out by NASA and Visitors’ Center to vendors/suppliers within the study area

Final Demand: Value of goods, services and labor produced and performed within the study area

Output of Goods and Services: Total economic impact of NASA spending by region

Earnings: Salaries of direct workforce and salaries of jobs created by NASA acquisition
The Kennedy Space Center is the most broadly based, complex, and successful launch center in the world.

Through NASA, KSC acts as a premier national landmark capable of showcasing the United States’ prowess in

Science and Technology. It is able to help the nation achieve its objectives in Space due primarily in part to the

dedication of its workforce. The KSC workforce not only includes civil service employees, but a large number of

contractor employees who together are essential in making KSC’s vision a success.

People, both NASA and contractor support personnel, are essential to the success of KSC. To accomplish the

various missions expected of the Space Center, these individuals fulfill a multitude of tasks. At the end of each

year, the Center takes a “snapshot” of its workforce. This picture includes all federal and contract employees

chartered to work for KSC. Other organizations, such as the European Space Agency and Patrick Air Force Base

have roles here, but are not reflected in these numbers. As of September 30, 2002, the KSC workforce was as

follows:

Workforce Diversity Workforce Diversity

2002 Annual Report 49

On-Duty Full Time Civil Servants

On-Duty Other-than-Full Time Servants

Total Civil Servants

On-Site Contractor Employees

Off-Site Contractor Employees

Total Contractor Employees

Total Construction Employees

Total Tenants

TOTAL KSC POPULATION

1,791

57

1,848

10,429

324

10,753

263

1,180

14,044

Civil Servant Skill Mix

Science & Engineering

Administrative

Technical

Clerical

59.5%

24.3%

8.9%

7.3%

From left: Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield stood on one Canadian-built robotic arm to work on the Station’s new Canadarm2,

during Mission STS-100 aboard Endeavour, that launched April 19,

2001;in Kodiak, Alaska, technicians prepared one of four Kodiak

Star spacecraft, NASA’s Starshine 3, for launch; a Lockheed Martin

Athena I launch vehicle lifted off the launch pad at Kodiak Launch

Complex, Sept. 29, 2001.
Procurement Report Procurement Report Procurement Report

 50 2002 Annual Report

From left: Space Shuttle Endeavour soared into a twilight sky, Dec. 5, 2001,

on Mission STS-108—the first Utilization Flight and the 12th ISS flight;

Astronaut Jerry Ross prepared to enter Space Shuttle Atlantis for Mission

STS-110’s launch, April 8, 2002—Ross made his seventh Shuttle flight and

completed his ninth spacewalk, setting a new record in the history of the

Shuttle program.

Industry partners at a glance.

The companies listed below were KSC’s top business

contractors for fiscal year 2002. The following briefly

describes their work for the Center.

Space Gateway Support

Space Gateway Support (SGS), a joint venture (with

Northrop Grumman, ICF Kaiser and Wackenhut),

provides base operations support for Kennedy Space

Center, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Patrick

Air Force Base, including roads and grounds

maintenance, facilities maintenance, custodial, fire,

security, calibrations, and propellants handling. They

held one contract valued at $1 billion over the life of

the contract.

United Space Alliance, LLC

United Space Alliance (USA) is the prime contractor

for the Space Flight Operations Contract (SFOC)

whose primary purpose is to ensure mission success

(including meeting the manifest) for the Space

Shuttle Program. KSC is the primary point of

responsibility for launch and landing of the Space

Shuttle, and supports Ground Operations and Orbiter

Logistics elements of the Space Shuttle Program.

KSC partnered $65 million in fiscal year 2002 on the

SFOC contract. USA performs at KSC, JSC, Marshall

Space Flight Center, Stennis Space Center, Dryden

Flight Research Center, White Sands, and worldwide

Trans Atlantic Landing sites; and the SFOC has a

total award value of $12.7 billion.

The Boeing Company

The Boeing Company, which acquired McDonnell

Douglas in 1997 and assumed all contracts and

obligations, including the Payload Ground Operations

Contract, held five separate contracts at KSC during

fiscal year 2002 valued at $3.5 billion. The

companies conducted feasibility studies & advanced

planning for use of Delta III and Delta IV launch

vehicles; launched medium class expendable launch

vehicles with government payload into assigned

orbits; medium-light expendable launch vehicle

services; operated the joint sponsored research

agreement for the vision spaceport project; and

provided payload processing services.

Delta Launch Services Incorporated

Delta Launch Services Incorporated, The Boeing

Company, is the prime contractor for one of two

existing NASA Launch Services (NLS) multiple award

Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) task

order contracts. Principal work location for the Delta II

vehicle assembly is Pueblo, Colorado. Launches will

occur from CCAFS, Fla., and from the west coast,

VAFB, Calif.

Lockheed Martin Corporation

Lockheed Martin held a total of six contracts during

fiscal year 2002 worth a total award value of $889

million. Lockheed performs Expendable Launch

Vehicle (ELV) services for GOES I, J, and K; Atlas

and Centaur feasibility studies; Intermediate ELV

Services for Terra; Athena launch services for the

VCL Mission; NASA Launch Services; and Joint

Sponsored Research for the Vision Spaceport

Project.

Dynacs Engineering Company Inc.

The Dynacs Engineering Company Inc. provides

engineering support services that range in scope

from technical manpower in support of a variety of

sites, facilities, and Government laboratories to

engineering and management of complex research,

development, and technology projects.

Orbital Sciences Corporation

Orbital Sciences provides Small Expendable Launch

Vehicle services for the agency.
Company

Number of 

Contracts

Dollars Obligated 

(in Thousands)

Space Gateway Support 1 310,280

The Boeing Company 5 167,308

Delta Launch Services Incorporated 1 91,981

Lockheed Martin Corporation 6 75,869

Dynacs Engineering Company Incorporated 1 26,865

Orbital Sciences Corporation 1 23,821

O A O Corporation 5 13,462

Air Products & Chemicals Inc. 5 13,227

Dynamac Corporation 6 12,164

Analex Corporation 1 10,146

Boeing Space Operations Company 1 9,264

Air Liquide America Corp 3 9,210

Space Mark Incorporated 1 4,381

Canaveral Construction Company 4 4,241

Geosyntec Consultants Incorporated 3 3,647

All Points Logistics Inc. 4 3,618

Praxair Incorporated 6 3,521

Johnson Controls World Services 1 3,092

H S W Environmental Group 2 2,679

Chrome Electric Incorporated 5 2,386

TOTAL 62 $791,162

Top 20 KSC Business Contractors for FY02 

Geographical Distribution 

by State of FY02 Obligations

State Total ($k)

Alabama 1,721 $ 

Arizona 24,102 $ 

California 149,890 $ 

Colorado 1,431 $ 

Conneticut 1,269 $ 

Florida 688,578 $ 

Georgia 1,558 $ 

Illinois 133 $ 

Kansas 96 $ 

Kentucky 334 $ 

Louisiana 587 $ 

Massachusetts 956 $ 

Maryland 3,506 $ 

Minnesota 430 $ 

Missouri 45 $ 

Mississippi 202 $ 

Montana 25 $ 

North Carolina 497 $ 

New Hampshire 142 $ 

New Jersey 544 $ 

New Mexico 915 $ 

New York 369 $ 

Ohio 3,160 $ 

Oklahoma 1,718 $ 

Pennsylvania 7,384 $ 

Tennessee 38 $ 

Texas 6,850 $ 

Utah 435 $ 

Virginia 2,439 $ 

Washington 431 $ 

Wisconsin 510 $ 

Wyoming 275 $ 

Total* 900,570 $ 

* Includes Intragovernmental, 

Grants, Agreements and 

BankCard Transactions

Your Procurement Dollars at Work

During fiscal year 2002, the Center obligated

approximately $900 million within the U.S. in support

of our mission. As indicated by the chart below, 32

different states received procurement dollars from

KSC.

2002 Annual Report 51

Supporting Small Business

Supporting Small Businesses is a NASA priority. In

fiscal year 2002, KSC obligated $102.9 million dollars

to small businesses, exceeding the goal of $88

million. This was a significant increase over the fiscal

year 2001 results of $92.5 million.

$840.9 Total Dollar Obligations through Contracts*

$102.9 Total Dollar Obligations Small Business

*Does not include Intragovernmental, Grants, Agreements or BankCard Obligations

*Note: The JSC-managed Space Flight Operations Contract recorded $671.8 million managed by KSC in

 fiscal year 2002.
The 2002 Annual Report and Financial Statements

were the result of the work of a dedicated team of

professionals at KSC.

N.A. Carroll, Chief Financial Officer

Appropriation Amount

 (In thousands)

Mission Support $ 32,967

Human Space Flight 718,219

Science, Aeronautics and Technology 244,740

Construction of Facilities (105)

Total Expenses $ 995,821

NASA Headquarters, which receives funding through

annual Congressional appropriations, authorizes and

funds KSC operations. KSC’s total operation

expenses for FY 2002 by appropriation were:

Statement of the Chief Financial Officer Statement of the Chief Financial Officer Statement of the Chief Financial Officer

 52 2002 Annual Report

 The Fiscal Year

 (FY)2002 financial

 statements are prepared

 to report the financial

 position and results of

 NASA’s Kennedy Space

 Center (KSC) operation,

 pursuant to the

 requirements of the Chief

 Financial Officers

 (CFOs) Act of 1990 and

 the Government

 Management Reform Act

 of 1994 (GMRA).

The statements include the Statement of Financial

Position and the Statement of Operations and

Changes in Net Position. The statements are

prepared from the books and records of NASA, in

accordance with the comprehensive basis of

accounting prescribed by the Office of Management

and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 94-01, “Form and Content

of Agency Financial Statements.” The statements

are different from financial reports used to monitor

and control budgetary resources, which are prepared

from the same books and records.

The statements should be read with the realization

that they are for an agency of the U.S. Government,

a sovereign entity. Liabilities not covered by

budgetary resources cannot be liquidated without the

enactment of an appropriation, and payment of all

liabilities, other than for contracts, can be abrogated

by the sovereign entity.

These financial statements were prepared in

accordance with Federal accounting standards.

These standards are evolving through the efforts of

the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board

(FASAB). This board includes members from the

Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the

General Accounting Office (GAO), and the

Department of Treasury (Treasury). Currently, NASA

observes the following hierarchy of accounting

standards as required by OMB:

• Individual FASAB standards published by OMB,

GAO and Treasury;

• OMB guidance on the form and content of financial statements;

• Agency accounting guidance, which represents

prevalent practices; and

• Accounting principles published by other authoritative sources.
2002 Annual Report 53

Statement of Financial Position As of

September 30, 2002 (In Thousands)

Assets: 2002 2001

Intragovernmental Assets:

 Fund Balance With Treasury (Note 2) 497,696 $ 466,673 $ 

 Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 16,324 17,282

Governmental Assets:

 Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 922 1,555

 Advances and Prepayments 40 58

Property, Plant and Equipment (Note 4) 2,093,073 2,073,077

Other Assets (Note 5) 131,821 113,140

 Total Assets 2,739,876 $ 2,671,785 $ 

Liabilities:

Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources:

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable 12,891 $ 15,072 $ 

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 650 358

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable 213,070 243,720

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 12,975 12,450

 Total 239,586 $ 271,600 $ 

Liabilities not Covered by Budgetary Resources:

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 385 $ 385 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 14,261 14,286 

 Total 14,646 $ 14,671 $ 

 Total Liabilities 254,232 $ 286,271 $ 

Net Position (Note 7): 

 Unexpended Appropriations 275,391 $ 213,962 $ 

 Invested Capital 2,224,894 2,186,217

 Cumulative Results of Operations 5 5

 Future Funding Requirements (14,646) (14,670) 

 Total Net Position 2,485,644 $ 2,385,514 $ 

 Total Liabilities and Net Position 2,739,876 $ 2,671,785 $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Financial Statement Financial Statement Financial Statement
 54 2002 Annual Report

Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position

For the Year Ended September 30, 2002 (In Thousands)

Revenues and Financing Sources: 2002 2001

Appropriated Capital Used 854,169 $ 902,405 $ 

Revenues from Sales of Goods and Services:

 To the Public 7,645 4,939

 Intragovernmental 134,007 155,985

Other Revenues and Financing Sources (Note 8) 357 719

Less: Receipts Transferred to Treasury (357) (719) 

 Total Revenues and Financing Sources 995,821 $ 1,063,329 $ 

Expenses:

Program or Operating Expenses by Appropriation:

 Mission Support 30,792 $ 283,586 $ 

 Human Space Flight 600,241 361,968

 Science, Aeronautics and Technology 223,241 256,789

 Construction of Facilities (105) 362

Reimbursable Expenses 141,652 160,925 

 Total Expenses 995,821 $ 1,063,630 $ 

Total Revenues and Financing Sources 

 In Excess of Expenses $ (301) 0 $ 

Nonoperating Changes:

Unexpended Appropriations (Note 7) 61,429 $ 9,520 $ 

Invested Capital (Note 7) 38,677 35,149

Cumulative Results from Operations (note 7) 0 (301)

Future Funding Requirements (Note 7) 24 (513)

 Total Nonoperating Changes 100,130 $ 43,855 $ 

Change in Net Position 100,130 $ 43,855 $ 

Net Position, Beginning Balance 2,341,659 2,385,514

Net Position, Ending Balance $ 2,385,514 2,485,644 $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Financial Statement Financial Statement Financial Statement
2002 Annual Report 55

1. Summary of Accounting Policies and Operations

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements were prepared to report the financial position and results of operations of John F.

Kennedy Space Center (KSC), pursuant to the requirements of the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990. The

statements were prepared from the books and records of KSC, in accordance with the comprehensive basis of

accounting specified in OMB Bulletin 94-01.

Reporting Entity

KSC is one of nine NASA field centers established to aid NASA in its mission to provide for aeronautical and

space activities. Financial management of its operations is the responsibility of Center officials at all organizational

levels. KSC’s accounting system is one of ten distinct operations located at nine NASA Centers and

Headquarters. Although KSC, like the other Centers, is independent and has its own Deputy Chief Financial

Officer for Finance, it operates under Agencywide financial management regulations. KSC provides payroll

accounting for approximately 1,791 civilian employees and processes approximately 6,873 non payroll related

accounting transactions monthly. This data provides the basic information necessary to meet internal and external

financial reporting requirements and provides both funds control and accountability.

Four appropriations require individual treatment in the KSC accounting and control system.

(1) The Human Space Flight (HSF) appropriation supports human space flight research and development

activities for space flight, spacecraft control, and communications actions. This includes research, development,

operations, services, maintenance, and construction of facilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation,

and modification of real and personal property.

(2) The Science Aeronautics and Technology (SAT) appropriation provides for the conduct and support of

science, aeronautics and technology. This includes research, development, operations, services, maintenance

and construction of facilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation, and modification of real and personal

property.

(3) The Mission Support (MS) appropriation provides for safety, reliability and quality assurance activities

supporting Agency programs, space communication services for NASA programs, salaries, and related expenses

in support of research in NASA Field Centers, and construction of facilities, which encompasses the repair,

rehabilitation and modification of real and personal property.

(4) The Construction of Facilities (CFO) appropriation, which was restructured and replaced in the 1995 budget,

includes the construction of new facilities and the repair, rehabilitation and modification of facilities.

In addition to the basic operating programs described above, KSC expenditures in FY 2002 included $142 million

of reimbursable activity.

Financial Statements Financial Statements Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended September 30, 2002
 56 2002 Annual Report

Basis of Accounting

KSC accounts are maintained on an accrual basis (i.e., expense and revenue are recorded in the accounts in the

period in which they are incurred or earned). Expenses are classified in the accounts according to the

appropriation that financed the activity. These expenses are coded in accordance with the Agencywide coding

structure, which sets forth a uniform classification of financial activity that is used for planning, budgeting,

accounting and reporting. The expenses are further categorized in the General Ledger as operating expenses or

capitalized expenses.

Funds with the U.S. Treasury and Cash

KSC’s cash receipts and disbursements are processed by the U.S. Treasury. The funds with the U.S. Treasury

include appropriated funds, trust funds and deposit funds for advances received for reimbursable services.

Balances are not held outside the U.S. Treasury.

Advances

KSC funds its University Contracts and Grants program through the use of predetermined payment schedules

where letters of credit are not used; recipients are required to schedule drawdowns to coincide with actual,

immediate cash requirements, in accordance with OMB Circular A-125 and Department of Treasury regulations.

Quarterly financial reporting of cash transactions is provided on Federal Cash Transactions Reports (SF 272’s).

Detailed monitoring and accountability records are maintained; monitoring includes audits by the Defense

Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) and NASA’s Office of the Inspector General (OIG).

Accounts Receivable

The largest portion of accounts receivable is due from other Federal agencies and includes research and

development of satellites as well as launch services. Nongovernmental customers are required to provide

advance payments, which are credited to the appropriate appropriation. Advances are then used to offset services

as performed. In unusual cases, exceptions and waivers to this general rule have been granted under the Space

Act, allowing customers to postpone advance payments.

Financial Statements Financial Statements Financial Statements
2002 Annual Report 57

Property, Plant, and Equipment

KSC-owned Property, Plant, and Equipment may be held by the Center or its contractors. Under the provisions of

the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), contractors are responsible for control over and accountability for such

property in their possession.

Under the User Charge Act and OMB Circular A-25, Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) may be depreciated

while in prior years a “use” charge was applied to commercial reimbursable customers, which included a factor for

depreciation of facilities and equipment. KSC is permitted to charge depreciation under the “full cost” concept to

non-government reimbursable customers. Depreciation is not included in cost at the Center level, but is calculated

and reflected in the Agency-level financial statements.

All internal use software, whether it is commercial off-the-shelf, contractor-developed, or internally developed,

which meets the capitalization criteria, is subject to the provisions of SFFAS Number 11 and its cost shall be

capitalized when accepted. When such software is integrated into and necessary to operate general PP&E,

rather than perform an application, it is considered part of the PP&E of which it is an integral part and capitalized

and depreciated accordingly. In these cases, the aggregate cost of the PP&E and software is used to determine

whether the item meets the dollar threshold for capitalization.

Equipment with a unit cost of $100,000 or more and a useful life of 2 years or more, not intended for sale in the

ordinary course of operations and has been acquired or constructed with the intention of being used, or being

available for use by the Agency is capitalized. Capitalized cost includes unit cost, transportation, installation, and

handling and storage costs.

Real property such as land, buildings, and other structures and facilities, is capitalized when the asset value is

$100,000 or more. The capitalized value represents the total cost to NASA, including both acquisition and

preparation costs. Land values are recorded at original acquisition cost and do not reflect current value nor

include the cost of improvements. Buildings are also valued at acquisition cost, including the cost of capital

improvements and fixed equipment required for functional use of the facility. Other structures include the

acquisition cost of capital improvements.

Government-owned/contractor-held property includes KSC materials, plant equipment, Agency-peculiar property,

special tooling and special test equipment. Contractors are directed to annually report all plant equipment costs

for the fiscal year. Plant equipment costing $100,000 or more and having a useful life of two years will be

capitalized. Contractors electronically report property changes during the fiscal year, as of September 30, on a

NASA Form 1018, Report of Government-owned/Contractor-held Property. The electronic submission does not

have digital signature, and is validated by Department of Defense (DOD) or NASA Property Administrator (NASA

PA), Industrial Property Management Specialist (IPMS) and Deputy Chief Financial Officer (DCFO).

Financial Statements Financial Statements Financial Statements
 58 2002 Annual Report

Contractor-held, Agency-peculiar property includes flight pallets, mission peculiar experiment support structures,

spacelab, transfer tunnel, and similar components unique to NASA space programs and held by NASA prime

contractors or their first-tier subcontractors who are responsible for building, refurbishing and launching the

hardware. Contractor reporting is stipulated in the NASA Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, NFS Part

1845. These items are priced in accordance with guidance set forth in this NASA supplement. The unit acquisition

cost shall include all costs incurred to bring the property to a form and location suitable for its intended use per

NFS Part 1845.7101.3.

Other Assets

Other assets include Government-owned/Contractor-held materials.

Liabilities

Accounts payable includes amounts recorded for receipt of goods or services furnished to the Center, based on

receiving reports and billings rendered. Additionally, KSC accrues cost and recognizes liability based on

information that is provided monthly by contractors on cost and performance reports (NASA Form 533, Contractor

Financial Management Report). KSC relies on independent audits by the DCAA to ensure the reliability of

reported costs and estimates. To provide further assurance, financial managers are required to test the accuracy

of cost accruals generated from the NF 533’s, and NASA Headquarters independently analyzes the validity of

KSC’s data.

Revenues and Other Financing Sources

KSC receives the majority of its funding through multi-year appropriations. These include three-year

appropriations for construction activities, two-year appropriations for operational and space flight activities, and a

single year appropriation for civil service payroll and travel. In addition to appropriated funds, the Center performs

services for other Federal agencies and the public and receives reimbursable funding authority.

Financial Statements Financial Statements Financial Statements
2002 Annual Report 59

2. Fund Balance with Treasury:

 (In Thousands)

 Fund Balances: Obligated

Unobligated 

Available

Unobligated 

Restricted Fund Balance

 Appropriated Funds 390,521 $ 101,263 $ 5,026 $ 496,810 $ 

 Deposit Funds 

 Suspense/Clearing Accounts 886 

 Total Fund Balance with Treasury 497,696 $ 

3. Accounts Receivable, Net:

 (In Thousands)

Entity 

Accounts 

Receivable

Non-Entity 

Accounts 

Receivable

Allowance for 

Uncollectible 

Receivables

Net Amount 

Due

 Intragovernmental 16,324 $ - $ - $ 16,324 $ 

 Governmental 1,186 312 (576) 922 

 Total 17,510 $ 312 $ (576) $ 17,246 $ 

 Non-entity accounts receivable represent amounts that will be deposited to miscellaneous 

 receipts when collected. 

4. Property, Plant and Equipment:

 (In Thousands)

2002 2001 Change

 Government-owned/Government-held:

 Land 73,672 $ 73,672 $ - $ 

 Structures, Facilities and Leasehold 1,433,777 1,416,836 16,941

 Improvements

 Equipment 203,839 205,486 (1,647)

 Work in Process 11,193 4,705 6,488 

 Total 1,722,481 $ 1,700,699 $ 21,782 $ 

 Government-owned/Contractor-held:

 Structures and Facilities 7,567 $ 7,567 $ - $ 

 Equipment 61,557 61,602 (45)

 Special Tooling 3,048 1,590 1,458

 Special Test Equipment 57,874 58,702 (828)

 Space Hardware 239,651 242,151 (2,500)

 Work in Process 895 766 129

 Total 370,592 $ 372,378 $ (1,786) $ 

 Total Property, Plant and Equipment 2,093,073 $ 2,073,077 $ 19,996 $ 

 See Note 1 for further discussion on property, plant and equipment.

Financial Statements Financial Statements Financial Statements
60 2002 Annual Report

Financial Statement Financial Statement Financial Statement

5. Other Assets:

 (In Thousands)

2002 2001 Change

 Contractor-held Materials 131,821 $ 113,140 $ 18,681 $ 

 Total 131,821 $ 113,140 $ 18,681 $ 

6. Other Liabilities:

 (In Thousands)

 Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources:

Current Non-Current Total

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 650 $ - $ 650 $ 

 Total 650 $ - $ 650 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 1,631 $ - $ 1,631 $ 

 Accrued Funded Payroll and Benefits 11,344 - 11,344 

 Total 12,975 $ - $ 12,975 $ 

 The liability for deposit and suspense funds includes cash advances received from other 

 Government agencies and public reimbursable customers. Also included are funds on deposit 

 with the U. S. Treasury for employees' savings bonds and state tax withholdings.

 Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources:

Current Non-Current Total

 Intragovernmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations - $ 385 $ 385 $ 

 Total - $ 385 $ 385 $ 

 Governmental Liabilities:

 Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations - $ 825 $ 825 $ 

 Contingent Liabilities - - -

 Unfunded Annual Leave - 13,436 13,436

 Total - $ 14,261 $ 14,261 $ 

 See Note 1 for further discussion of liabilities not covered by budgetary resources.
2002 Annual Report 61

Financial Statement Financial Statement Financial Statement

7. Net Position:

 (In Thousands) 2002 2001

Appropriated Funds Appropriated Funds Change

 Unexpended Appropriations:

 Undelivered 169,102 $ 127,483 $ 41,619 $ 

 Unobligated:

 Available 101,263 81,957 19,306

 Unavailable 5,026 4,522 504

$ 275,391 $ 213,962 $ 61,429

 Invested Capital 2,224,894 $ 2,186,217 $ 38,677 $ 

 Cumulative Results 5 $ 5 $ 0 $ 

 Future Funding Requirements: Annual leave (13,436) $ (13,047) $ (389) $ 

 Closed appropriations (1,210) 413 (1,623) 

 Other - - - 

$ (14,646) $ (14,670) $ 24

 Total 2,485,644 $ 2,385,514 $ 100,130 $ 

8. Other Revenues and Financing Resources:

 (In Thousands) 2002 2001

 General Fund Proprietary Receipts $ 357 719

 Total 357 $ 719 $ 

 General Fund Proprietary Receipts represent user fees, 

 gifts, fines or interest penalties.
Space Shuttle Columbia emblazons the pre-dawn clouds as it

soared into the sky on its 27th flight into space on mission

STS-109, March 1, 2002, from Launch Pad 39A. STS-109 was

the fourth Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission.
Cover Photos:

Top, from left: The Viking 1 launched aboard a Titan/Centaur

rocket from Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

(CCAFS), Aug. 20, 1975, beginning an 11-month journey through

space to explore Mars; John H. Glenn Jr. in his Mercury Spacesuit;

launch of the Gemini-Titan 3, March 23, 1965, from Complex 19 at

CCAFS.

Bottom, small photos from left: Commander Eileen Collins in a

T-38 jet trainer at the KSC Shuttle Landing Facility, Feb. 9, 1999;

the International Space Station as seen from Space Shuttle

Endeavour during Mission STS-111, June 15, 2002; launch of

NASA’s Mars Polar Lander on a Boeing Delta II, Jan. 3, 1999, from

Complex 17B at CCAFS.

Bottom, large photos from left: Engineers inspected and tested a

boilerplate Mercury capsule, Jan. 1, 1960; launch of Mission

STS-95 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery occurred Oct. 19, 1998,

carrying John Glenn on his return to flight after 36 years.

Back Cover:

Upper left: Apollo 11 Moon footprint

Bottom from left: Gordon Cooper prepares for his Mercury-Atlas 9

flight, May 15, 1963; a view of the International Space Station as

seen from Space Shuttle Atlantis during Mission STS-112.

FY 2002 Annual Report produced by

InDyne Inc., graphics design and writers.