IN THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA

No. 390A18

Filed 29 March 2019

EMILY N. PREISS and WINE AND DESIGN, LLC

v.

WINE AND DESIGN FRANCHISE, LLC, HARRIET E. MILLS, PATRICK MILLS,

and CAPITAL SIGN SOLUTIONS, LLC

Appeal pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7A-27(a) from an order on motion for sanctions 

dated 19 July 2018 entered by Judge Gregory P. McGuire, Special Superior Court 

Judge for Complex Business Cases, in Superior Court, Wake County, after the case 

was designated a mandatory complex business case by the Chief Justice under 

N.C.G.S. § 7A-45.4. Heard in the Supreme Court on 6 March 2019.

Law Offices of Hayes Hofler, P.A., by R. Hayes Hofler, III, pro se, appellant. 

Batten Lee, PLLC, by Kari R. Johnson, Gloria T. Becker, and Matthew D. 

Mariani, for defendant-appellees Harriet E. Mills, Patrick Mills, and Capital 

Sign Solutions, LLC.

PER CURIAM.

AFFIRMED.

Justice DAVIS did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case. 
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE GENERAL COURT OF JUSTICE

 SUPERIOR COURT DIVISION

COUNTY OF WAKE 17 CVS 11895

EMILY N. PREISS and WINE AND 

DESIGN, LLC

Plaintiffs,

ORDER ON MOTION FOR

v. SANCTIONS AND TO COMPEL

DEPOSITION

WINE AND DESIGN FRANCHISE,

LLC; HARRIET E. MILLS;

PATRICK MILLS; and CAPITAL

SIGN SOLUTIONS, LLC,

 Defendants. 

THIS MATTER comes before the Court upon Defendants Harriett E. Mills, 

Patrick Mills, and Capital Sign Solutions, LLC’s (“the Mills Defendants”) Motion for 

Sanctions and to Compel Deposition, (“Motion”, ECF No. 93), and a memorandum in 

support of the Motion. (ECF No. 94.) The Mills Defendants seek sanctions pursuant 

to Rule 37 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1, 

Rule 37 (hereinafter, references to the General Statutes will be to “G.S.” and 

references to the Rules of Civil Procedure will be to “Rule(s)”). On June 11, 2018, 

Plaintiffs filed a response in opposition to the Motion. (Pl. Resp. Opp. Mot. for 

Sanctions and Compel Depo., ECF No. 107.) 

On July 6, 2018, the Court held a hearing on the Motion. At the hearing, the 

Court advised counsel that it would grant the Motion and asked counsel for the Mills 

Defendants to file with the Court an affidavit in support of her request for attorneys’ 
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fees and costs. Thereafter, counsel for the Mills Defendants, Gloria T. Becker

(“Becker”), filed two affidavits in support of her request for attorneys’ fees. (ECF Nos. 

114 and 115.) 

THE COURT, having carefully considered the Motion, the briefs filed in 

support of and in opposition to the Motion, the arguments of counsel at the hearing, 

and other appropriate matters of record, concludes, in its discretion, that the Motion 

should be GRANTED for the reasons set forth below. 

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

On February 12, 2018, the Court filed the Case Management Order (“CMO”) 

in this action. (CMO, ECF No. 49.) The CMO provided that “[t]he depositions of 

Plaintiffs Emily Preiss and Wine and Design, L.L.C. shall take place . . . no later than 

April 16, 2018. Defendants shall be permitted to take Plaintiffs’ deposition before any 

other party is deposed.” (ECF No. 49, at p. 4.) 

On March 16, 2018, Defendants noticed the deposition of Emily Preiss 

(“Preiss”) for April 11, 2018, after confirming that date and time of was agreeable to 

all Parties. (Pl. Mot. for Protective Order, ECF No. 62, at ¶ 1.) 

On April 4, 2018, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Protective Order pursuant to Rule 26(c) 

requesting that the Court “disallow” the Mills Defendants from taking Preiss’s 

noticed deposition on April 11, 2018 because “the notices of deposition [were] 

interposed on Ms. Preiss to annoy, confuse, harass and oppress her [and ] [e]ven if 

not for those purposes, Ms. Preiss cannot be expected to give a coherent deposition 

under her present mental incapacities.” (ECF No. 62, at p. 3.) Also on April 4, 2018, 
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Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Extension of Discovery Deadlines (ECF No. 64) requesting 

a 30-day extension of the time allowed to complete fact discovery. On April 5, 2018, 

the Mills Defendants filed written responses to the Motion for Protective Order (ECF 

No. 65) and the Motion for Extension of Discovery Deadlines (ECF No. 66) in which 

they catalogued the various ways counsel for Plaintiffs had utilized motions practice 

to avoid participating in the discovery process.

The Court issued an Order that expedited the briefing schedule for the 

Motions. (Order Expediting Briefing, ECF No. 67.) The Court was unable to hold a 

hearing on Plaintiffs’ motions until April 11, 2018, effectively preventing the Mills 

Defendants from taking the noticed depositions of Preiss on that date. (Notice of 

Hearing and Or. To Appear, ECF No. 71.) 

At the hearing on April 11, 2018, the Court orally notified counsel that the 

depositions of Preiss and Wine and Design, L.L.C. would thereafter be Ordered to 

take place on April 25, 2018, starting at 9:00 a.m., at the offices of counsel for the 

On April 12, 2018, the Court issued an Order on Plaintiffs’ Motion for 

Extension of Discovery Deadlines. (ECF No. 73.) The Order stated that “[t]he 

depositions of Plaintiffs Emily Preiss and Wine and Design, L.L.C. shall take place 

on April 25, 2018 . . . starting at 9:00 a.m.” (ECF No. 73, at p. 2 (emphasis in 

original).) 

Also on April 12, 2018, the Court issued an Order on Plaintiff’s Motion for 

Protective Order (ECF No. 74) that contained a second explicit statement that “the 

depositions of Plaintiffs Emily Preiss and Wine and Design, L.L.C. shall take place 
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at 4141 Parklake Avenue, Suite 350, Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 on April 25, 2018 

beginning at 9:00 a.m.” (ECF No. 74, at p. 2 n. 1.) 

On April 25, 2018 at 9:00 a.m. Becker and counsel for Defendant Wine and 

Design Franchise, LLC were present at the designated location for the deposition, 

had a court reporter present, and were prepared to take Preiss’s deposition. However, 

neither Preiss nor Plaintiff’s counsel, R. Hayes Hofler (“Hofler”) appeared at the 

designated location. At 9:30 a.m. neither Preiss nor Hofler had yet appeared, and 

Becker released the court reporter to leave. Shortly thereafter, Hofler telephoned 

Becker and claimed that he mistakenly believed the deposition was scheduled to 

begin at 10:00 a.m. (Br. Supp. Mot. for Sanctions, ECF No. 94, at p. 2.) When Becker 

asked if Hofler was on his way to Raleigh from his Durham office1, Hofler responded 

that he had not yet left his office. (Id.) Becker advised Hofler that, under the 

circumstances, she would not recall the court reporter and wait indefinitely for Hofler 

and Preiss to appear.2

II. LEGAL ANALYSIS

A. Rule 37(d) justifies an award of sanctions against Hofler, in this case 

Rule 37 provides that 

If a party . . . fails [ ] to appear before the person who is to 

take his deposition, after being served with proper notice, . 

. . the court in which the action is pending on motion may 

make such orders in regard to the failure as are just, and 

among others it may take any action authorized under 

subdivisions a, b, and c of subsection (b)(2) of this rule. In 

 

1 Mills Defendants contend, and Hofler does not dispute, that Hofler’s offices are at least 30 

minutes away from the location designated for the depositions.

2 Preiss apparently appeared at the deposition location, alone, at 10:30 a.m.
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lieu of any order or in addition thereto, the court shall 

require the party failing to act to pay the reasonable 

expenses, including attorney’s fees, caused by the failure, 

unless the court finds that the failure was substantially 

justified or that other circumstances make an award of 

expenses unjust. 

Rule 37(d)(emphasis added). The available sanctions under Rule 37(b)(2)(a)–(c) 

include: 

a. An order that the matters regarding which the order 

was made or any other designated facts shall be 

taken to be established for the purposes of the action 

in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining 

the order; 

b. An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to 

support or oppose designated claims or defenses, or 

prohibiting him from introducing designated 

matters in evidence; 

[and] 

c. An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or 

staying further proceedings until the order is 

obeyed, or dismissing the action or proceeding or any 

part thereof, or rendering a judgment by default 

against the disobedient party. 

Although the Court would be inclined to consider more severe sanctions, 

Becker made clear at the hearing that she seeks only an award of fees in this 

situation. 

There is no dispute that Preiss and Hofler did not appear at the designated time 

and location for the Court-ordered deposition of Preiss. Instead, Hofler contends that 

he mistakenly thought that the deposition was scheduled to begin at 10:00 a.m., and 

was willing to proceed with the deposition at a later time after he and Preiss arrived 
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at the deposition location. Hofler argues that he should not be required to pay 

attorneys’ fees because Preiss did not fail to appear at her deposition, she merely 

arrived late, and her late arrival was the result of Hofler’s mistake. (ECF No. 107, at 

pp. 6–8.) Such mistake, Hofler contends, is a “circumstance[ ] mak[ing] an award of 

expenses unjust.” (Id (citing Rule 37(d)).) 

The Court is not persuaded by Plaintiffs’ argument, considering the factual and 

procedural background of this Motion and this case. The time set for the deposition 

was noted clearly in open court, featured in bold-face type in the Order on the Motion 

for Extension of Discovery Deadlines, and cross-referenced in the Order on the Motion 

for Protective Order issued that same day. There was no excuse that substantially 

justified Hofler’s mistake as to the time for the deposition. 

B. Counsel for the Mills Defendants has presented sufficient evidence to 

justify an award of attorneys’ fees in the amount requested 

“[A]n award of attorney’s fees usually requires that the trial court enter 

findings of fact as to the time and labor expended, skill required, customary fee for 

like work, and experience or ability of the attorney based on competent evidence.” 

Couch v. Private Diagnostic Clinic, 146 N.C. App. 658, 672, 554 S.E.2d 356, 366 

(2001). 

The Mills Defendants seek a total of $4,100.00 in fees for services and costs. 

Mills Defendants submitted affidavits in support of the attorneys’ fees and costs 

incurred from Preiss and Hofler’s failure to appear at the deposition. (Becker Affs., 

ECF Nos. 114 and 115.) The Mills Defendants seek fees in the amount of $3,770.00 

for: 10.3 hours of legal services performed by Becker at an hourly rate of $225.00; 5.9 
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hours of legal services performed by Matthew D. Mariani at an hourly rate of $175.00; 

and 5.6 hours of paralegal work at an hourly rate of $75.00. (ECF No. 115, at ¶ 6.) 

The Mills Defendants also seek costs for Superior Court Reporting (appearance and 

deposition fee) of $330.00. (Id.) 

The hourly fees charged by Becker and Mariani are discounted to the Mills 

Defendants, and are substantially below the hourly rates they typically charge. (ECF 

No. 115, at ¶¶ 3 and 4.) The hourly rates charged by the two attorneys and the 

paralegal also are lower than rates charged by comparably skilled and experienced 

attorneys practicing complex business litigation law in North Carolina. The Mills 

Defendants submitted evidence that the standard and customary rates charged for 

such services “range from $250.00/hour to $400.00/hour for a Partner; $200.00/hour 

to $300.00/hour for associates; and $100/hour to $150[.00]/hour for paralegals.” (ECF 

No. 115, at ¶ 5.) 

The Mills Defendants also submitted evidence that the professional services 

performed as a result of Preiss and Hofler’s failure to appear at the deposition 

included “drafting and serving of the amended Notices of Deposition . . . ; attendance 

of the actual depositions where [P]laintiffs and counsel failed to appear; drafting and 

filing of the [Motion]; researching case law, drafting and filing of the Memorandum 

of Law in Support of the [Motion]; preparation for the hearing on the [Motion]; travel 

to/from and attendance of hearing on [the Motion]; and drafting of” the first 

evidentiary affidavit. (ECF No. 115, at ¶ 7.) The Court concludes that each of the 

tasks described in Becker’s affidavit are attributable, and were reasonably necessary, 
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to respond Preiss and Hofler’s failure to appear at the noticed deposition. 

The Mills Defendants have provided sufficient evidence of the time and labor 

required to litigate this discovery violation and the costs incurred. The Mills 

Defendants’ counsel are experienced civil litigation attorneys, and the Court 

concludes that the skill needed to perform the services attributable to Preiss and 

Hofler’s failure to appear at the noticed deposition required attorneys with such 

experience. The Court finds the rates charged by counsel in the present matter are 

lower than those charged by other attorneys with similar experience, skill, and ability 

to that of the Mills Defendants’ counsel. 

Accordingly, the Court finds that the amount of fees and costs requested by 

counsel for the Mills Defendants is reasonable, and the Court must award such 

reasonable fees and expenses pursuant to Rule 37(d). 

III. CONCLUSION AND ORDER

THE COURT, having considered the Motion, the briefs filed in support of and 

in opposition to the Motion, and other appropriate matters of record in this case 

including the fact that the April 25, 2018 deposition was Court-ordered after 

Plaintiffs filed motions in an attempt to avoid the previously scheduled depositions 

of Preiss, CONCLUDES in its discretion that the Motion for Sanctions should be 

GRANTED. 

THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that R. Hayes Hofler, as Plaintiffs’ Counsel, 

is hereby sanctioned pursuant to Rule 37(d), is individually liable to counsel for the 

Mills Defendants for $4,100.000, the amount Mills Defendants’ counsel incurred as a 
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result of Plaintiffs’ failure to attend a Court-ordered deposition. 

Hofler must pay such amount to Mills Defendants’ counsel on or before 

Friday, August 3, 2018. 

The Court reserves, for consideration at a later date, the Mills Defendants’ 

motion to compel the deposition of Plaintiffs. 

SO ORDERED, this the 19th day of July, 2018. 

/s/ Gregory P. McGuire 

Gregory P. McGuire 

Special Superior Court Judge for 

Complex Business Cases