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No. 22-625 – Denise Orso v. The City of Logan, West Virginia

Justice Hutchison, dissenting:

I join Justice Wooton in dissenting from the majority’s opinion. Justice 

Wooton correctly points out that our law is clear: if facts about the foreseeability of a 

plaintiff’s injury are disputed, or if different conclusions can be drawn about the existence 

and extent of the defendant’s duty to protect against that injury, then resolution of those 

disputed facts or interpretations is for a jury, not a judge. Both the circuit court and the 

majority opinion ignored this black-letter principle of the law and wrongly substituted their

own spin on the facts.

I dissent separately to emphasize that the circuit court and majority opinion 

also ignored a statutory duty imposed upon cities to mitigate trip hazards on sidewalks. 

West Virginia Code § 17-10-17 (1969) imposes a duty of care upon cities to repair and 

maintain their sidewalks.1

 Cities that, through their negligence, fail to abide by the statute 

1 West Virginia Code § 17-10-17 provides, in part:

Any person who sustains an injury to his person or property by 

reason of any road or bridge under the control of the county 

court or any road, bridge, street, alley or sidewalk in any 

incorporated city, town or village being out of repair due to the 

negligence of the county court, incorporated city, town or 

village may recover all damages sustained by him by reason of 

such injury in an action against the county court, city, town or 

village in which such road, bridge, street, alley or sidewalk 

may be, except that such city, town or village shall not be 

subject to such action unless it is required by charter, general 

law or ordinance to keep the road, bridge, street, alley or 

FILED

March 15, 2024

released at 3:00 p.m.

C. CASEY FORBES, CLERK

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

OF WEST VIRGINIA
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and fail to keep their sidewalks clear, safe, and in good repair may be held liable: “This 

statute specifically provides a right to recover damages for those injured.” Benson v. 

Kutsch, 181 W. Va. 1, 7, 380 S.E.2d 36, 42 (1989). See also, O’Neil v. City of Parkersburg, 

160 W. Va. 694, 700, 237 S.E.2d 504, 508 (1977) (“W.Va.Code, 1931, 17-10-17, as 

amended, . . . unequivocally gives one the right to sue a city if he is injured by its 

negligence[.]”).

We have interpreted West Virginia Code § 17-10-17 as creating questions of 

fact in almost all cases. We said in Syllabus Point 2 of Watkins v. City of Clarksburg, 155 

W. Va. 894, 895, 190 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1972), that “[w]hether a street or sidewalk is out of repair 

within the meaning of Code, 1931, 17-10-17, as amended, is ordinarily a question of fact 

for the jury[.]” Where “there is a conflict in the evidence as to the existence and extent of 

a defect in a public sidewalk, it is a question of fact whether such sidewalk is in a 

reasonably safe condition for travel.” Syl. pt. 3, id.

Aside from a passing mention of West Virginia Code § 17-10-17 in a 

footnote, the majority opinion ignores this duty imposed by the Legislature upon the 

defendant City of Logan. The City had a statutory duty, within reason, to inspect, maintain 

and repair its sidewalks to eliminate trip hazards. A wire or cable looped around a post, 

laying in a pile on the ground, on a City sidewalk, would appear to be just such a trip 

sidewalk therein, at the place where such injury is sustained, in 

repair.
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hazard. Of course, West Virginia Code § 17-10-17 is clear that liability depends upon 

proof the City was negligent. This Court has often said that negligence simply means “that 

the defendant has been guilty of some act or omission in violation of a duty owed to the 

plaintiff.” Syl. pt. 1, Parsley v. Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp., 167 W. Va. 866, 280 

S.E.2d 703 (1981).

The circuit court below, as well as the majority opinion, interpreted the facts

and concluded that there was no evidence the City knew or should have known that the 

wire was on the sidewalk causing a potential hazard. The gist of this conclusion was that 

it was the Church adjacent to the sidewalk which installed the post and cable, and not the 

City. Since the City did not install the post and wire loop, and did not control the post and

wire, it could not know whether the coiled loop was a hazard. I dissent because the record 

can also be interpreted to find that the City never found the wire hazard because it never 

looked. A jury could easily conclude it was the City’s omission, its failure to properly 

inspect, its apparent willful blindness to the wire, that caused the plaintiff below to get 

entangled in the coiled wire, fall, and be injured.

In sum, I dissent to the majority opinion’s avoidance of the clear application 

of a statutory mandate on the City. Whether the City negligently violated its statutory duty 

to maintain and repair its sidewalk in this case was a question for a jury.