1
... S ee Te x. R. App
. P. 47. 4. 

## CO URT OFAPPEA LS SE COND DIST RIC TO F T E XAS FORT WORTH NO
. 2- 08- 357- CR
B R AD B R I DGE S AP P E L L ANT V
. TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 367TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F DENTO N CO UN TY

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### MEMORANDU M OPI NI ON 1

----- ----- -- A j ury convi ct ed A ppel l ant Brad Bri dges of fel ony d r i vi ng w hi l e i nt oxi cat ed (D W I) . H e p le d t r u e t o t h e e n h a n c e m e n tp a ra g ra p h , a n d t h e ju r y a s s e s s e d h is p u n is h m e n ta ts ix t e e n y e a rs ’ c o n f in e m e n t . T h e t r ia l c o u rts e n t e n c e d h im ac cordi ngl y. I n fi ve i ss ues , A ppe l l antco nt end s t hatt he evi den ce i s l ega l l y a nd fac t ual l y i ns uffi ci entt o s upporthi s con vi ct i on, t hatt he t r i al co urter red by2
... S ee T e x . P e n a l C o d e A n n . § 4 9 .0 4 (a ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ).
3
... See i d. § 4 9 .0 1 (2 )(A ). 2 adm i t t i ng extraneou s of fense ev i dence atp uni shm ent , thatt he t r i al courter red b y a llo w in g im p ro p e r im p e a c h m e n to f

a w i t n e s s , a n d t h a th e w a s d e n ie d h is r i ghtt o a s pee dy t r i al
. Bec aus e w e h ol d t hatt he evi de nc e i s l ega l l y a nd fa c tu a l l y s u fficie n t a n d th a t th e tri a l c o u rt d i d n o t e rr, w e a ffir m th e tri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t. In h is fo u rt h is s u e , A p p e lla n tc o n t e n d s t h a tt h e e v id e n c e is le g a lly i ns uf f i ci entt o s upporthi s con vi cti on. Appel l antdoe s notch al l eng e t he evi de nc e el eva t i ng t he of fens e t o a fel ony. A perso n c om m i t s D W I w hen he ope rat es a veh i cl e i n a publ i c pl ac e w hi l e i nt oxi ca t ed. 2 A ppel l ant w as i ndi ct ed for co m m i t t i ng DW I w i t h i nt oxi ca t i on de f i ned as “ notha vi ng t he nor m al us e o f m e n ta l o r p h y s i c a l fa c u l ti e s b y re a s o n o f t h e in tro d u c ti o n o f a l c o h o l , a control l ed subst ance, a dr ug, or a com bi nat i on of tw o or m o re of

t hose s u b s ta n c e s , o r a n y o th e r s u b s ta n c e i n to th e b o d y .” 3 A taround 11 p. m . on Sep t em ber 16, 2006 , O f

f i ce r Li sa M art i n of

t he D ent on Pol i ce D epa rt m entobs er ved a red ca r

m ak e a w i de r i ghtt ur n from H i ck or y on t o L ocu st , a one - w ay st ree tw i t h t hree dr i vi ng l ane s and pa r ki ng spaces on each si de of t he st reet , crossi ng ov er i nt o desi gnated par ki ng spaces on t he l eftsi de of

t he st reet . The red car t hen m oved i nt o th e leftl ane.3

Beca us e s he bel i eve d t hatm ak i ng such a w i de t ur n c oul d be an i ndi ca t i on of in t o x i c a ti o n , O ffice r M a rti n d e c i d e d to fo l l o w th e re d c a r. O ffice r M a r t in t es t i f i ed t hatatt he Loc us t and M cKi nne y i nt erse ct i on st opl i ght , t he r i ghtl ane i s a “ r i ghtt ur n onl y” l ane , t he m i ddl e l ane i s for t raf f i c g oi ng s t rai ghtonl y, an d t he t raf f i c i n t he l eftl ane ca n go st rai ght or t ur n l eft . She al so t es t i f i ed t hatt he roa d h a s “ a sh o u l d e r area ” to the le fto f t h e l e ft l a n e , w h i c h “i s k i n d o f a par ki ng a rea w here p eop l e p ar k t hei r ca rs, buti t ’ s w i de open
. I t ’ s l i ke a l arge

— ita lm o s t— if

y o u ’re t h e re , itlo o k s lik e t h is la n e is , lik e h u g e , is h o w t h is l ane l ooks. ” W e note t hat t he vi deotape of t he i nt ersect i on do es notm ake cl ear th a t t h e far l e ft l a n e w a s fo r pa rki n g o n l y at th a t pa rt i c u l a r se c ti o n o f t h e stree t, b utcert ai nl y as t he red car proceeded t o t hati nt ersect i on, cars can be seen pa rke d di agon al l y t o t he l eftof t he l eftl ane. A t r uck w as st opp ed att he red l i ght i n t he l eftl ane. The red car st opp e d behi nd t he t r uck but t hen m oved w i t hou tsi gnal i ng i nt o t he shoul der area t o t he l eftof

t he l eftl ane and st opp ed w i t h i t s rea r

w hee l s on t he “s t op” l i ne of t he i nt erse ct i on. Th e red car

t ur ned l eft w i th out si gnal i ng on t o M cK i nney, and aft er t ur ni ng, br i efl y s t radd l ed t he l i ne di vi di ng tw o l ane s of w es t bound t raf f i c. The red ca r t hen m ove d i nt o t he r i ghtl ane . O f f i ce r M art i n t es t i f i ed t hats he sa w t he red car t hen tw i ce cross over t he l ane di vi der

as t he road cur

ved. The red car th e n a p p ro a c h e d t h e in te rs e c ti o n o f M c K i n n e y a n d C a rro l l . T ra ffic c a n o n l y tu rn4

r i ght t o go no rt hbo und on C ar rol l at t hati nt ersect i on; t raf f i c cannot go l eft , as a concret e bar r i er

prevent s a l efttur n. A ddi t i onal l y, w ar ni ng si gns on M cK i nney caut i on t hat onl y a r i ght t ur n i s al l ow ed. N evert hel ess, att he st op si gn, t he red c a r stop p e d in t h e le ftlan e w i th i ts l e ft- tu rn s i g n a l b l i n k i n g . A t t h a t po i n t, O f f i ce r M art i n de ci ded t o i ni t i at e a s t op. In s p e a k in g w it h t h e d r iv e r , id e n t if ie d a tt r ia l a s A p p e lla n t , O f f ic e r M a rt in not i ce d t hathi s eye s w ere red a nd gl as sy , hi s sp ee ch w as ve r y s l ur red, an d t here w as a s t rong odor of al coho l c o m i ng from hi m as he s poke. She asked A ppe l l anti f

he had been dr i nki ng, and he res ponde d t hathe ha d c ons um ed tw o, t hre e , o r

fo u r e i g h t
- o u n c e d ra ftb e e rs . Of f i c e r M a rt i n o b s e r

v e d a b e e r

i n t he dr i ver ’ s si de cup hol der
. A ppel l ant t ol d her t hat i t w as hi s for m er passenger ’ s. O f f i ce r M art i n t es t i f i ed t hatw hen s he as ke d Appel l antt o ge toutof t he ca r , he us e d t h e c a r

d o o r t o p u l l h i m s e l f

o u ta n d w a s u n s t e a d y fo r a m o m e n t . The v i d e o s h o w s th a t h e h e l d o n to th e o p e n d o o r a s h e e x i te d th e c a r. A ft er as ce r t ai ni ng t hatA ppe l l antha d no phys i ca l ha ndi ca ps , w as not t a k in g m e d ic a t io n , a n d d id n o th a v e e p ile p s y o r d ia b e t e s , O f

f ic e r M a rt in cond uct ed an H G N t est . She tes t i f i ed t hatshe obser ved al l si x possi bl e cl ues o f i n to x i c a ti o n . T h e d e fen se ex p e rtch a l l e n g e d h e r ad m i n i strati o n o f t h e tes t, b u t h i s c h a l l e n g e o n l y p e rta i n e d to tw o o f th e s i x c l u e s .4
... S e e J a c k s o n v . V irg in ia , 443 U. S. 307, 319, 99 S
. Ct
. 2781 , 2789

(1 9 7 9 ); C l a y to n v . S tate , 2 3 5 S .W .3 d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 ( T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ) (bo th p ro v i d i n g s ta n d a rd fo r re v i e w i n g th e l e g a l s u fficie n c y o f th e e v i d e n c e ). 5 A ft er t h e HGN t e s t , Off i c e r M a rt i n a t t e m p t e d t o c o n d u c tt h e w a l k
- and
t ur n t est , butA ppel l antrefused t o conti nue aft er b ei ng un abl e t o pl ace hi s feet i n a he el
- t oe pos i t i on, cl ai m i ng t hathe had an ank l e probl em . Appel l ant , w ho t o ld t h e o f

f ic e r t h a th e h a d s o m e c o lle g e e d u c a t io n , w a s u n a b le t o s u c c e s s fu lly c o u n tb a c k wa rd fro m 5 6 t o 2 3 , a n d h e re fu s e d t o re c i t e t h e a l p h a b e tfro m C to W . O ff ic e r M a rt in a rre s te d A p p e ll a n t fo r D W I. T h e v id e o s h o w s t h a tA p p e lla n t re p e a t e d ly t a lk e d o r y e lle d b e llig e re n t ly w hi l e h e w as al one i n t he squad car , bot h dur i ng t he off i cers’ search of hi s car a n d la t e r

w h e n h is c a r

w a s b e i n g d e liv e re d t o t h e im p o u n d lo t . A tt h e ja il, A ppe l l antw as rea d t he st at ut or y w ar ni ng, an d he refus ed t o gi ve a bl ood o r breat h sam pl e. A ppl yi ng t he appropr i at e st andard of revi ew , 4 w e h ol d t hatt he evi dence i s l e g a l l y su ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rth i s c o n v i c ti o n . W e o v e rru l e A p p e l l a n t’ s fo u rt h i ssue. In h is f i ft h is s u e , A p p e lla n tc o n t e n d s t h a tt h e e v id e n c e is fa c t u a lly i ns uf f i ci entt o s upporthi s con vi ct i on. Appl yi ng t he app ropr i at e s t and ard of5
... S e e S tea d m a n v . S tate , 2 80 S. W
. 3d 242, 246– 47 (Tex. Cr i m . A pp.

2 0 0 9 ); La n c o n v . S tate , 2 5 3 S .W .3 d 6 9 9 , 7 0 4 (T e x . C r im . A p p . 2 0 0 8 ); W a tso n v . S tate , 2 0 4 S .W .3 d 4 0 4 , 4 1 4
– 1 5 , 4 1 7 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ); J o h n so n v . S tate , 23 S. W
. 3d 1, 8–9 , 12 (Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2000 ) (al l provi di ng s ta n d a rd fo r re v i e w i n g th e fa c tu a l s u fficie n c y o f th e e v i d e n c e ).

6
... 604 S
. W
. 2d 182 (Tex. C r i m . A pp. 1980 ) ( rega rdi ng e r rone ous a d m i ss i o n o f e v id e n c e o f pri o r co n v i c ti o n as i m p e a c h m e n t ev i d e n c e at g u ilt p h a s e ).

7
... S ee P e n a v . S tate , 2 8 5 S .W .3 d 4 5 9 , 4 6 4 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 9 ).
8
... S e e M u l d e r v. S tate , 7 0 7 S .W .2 d 9 0 8 , 9 1 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 8 6 ); B e ri sh a v . S tate , N o. 02- 02- 004 17- C R, 2003 W L 224570 58, a t*1 (Tex. Ap p . — F o rt W o rt h Oc t . 30 , 20 03 , n o p e t . ) ( m e m . o p . , n o t d e s i g n a t e d for 6 re v i e w, 5 w e h o ld t h a tt h e e v id e n c e is fa c t u a lly s u f f ic i e n tt o s u p p o rth is convi ct i on. W e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s fi ft h i ssue. I n hi s se con d i ss ue, A ppe l l antco nt end s t ha tthe t r i al co urter red by al l ow i ng i m proper

i m peachm entof

a defense w i t ness. A tt r i al , A ppel l antrel i ed on S h i p m a n v . S tate 6 i n voi ci ng hi s obj ect i ons. Bu t on appeal , A ppel l antrel i es i nst ead on rul e of evi dence 6 13
. Because A ppel l ant ’ s com pl ai nton appeal does notco m portw i t h hi s com pl ai ntatt r i al , t hi s i ss ue i s notpres er ved
. 7 W e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s second i ssue. I n hi s t hi rd i ss ue, A pp el l an tcont end s t hathe w as de ni ed hi s r i ghtt o a s p e e d y t r ia l. W e s e e n o e v id e n c e in t h e re c o rd t h a tA p p e lla n te v e r ra is e d t h is i ss ue i n t he t r i al court . Beca us e A ppe l l antrai se s t hi s i ss ue for t he f i rstt i m e o n app ea l , i ti s forfei t ed. 8 W e o v e rru l e A p p e l l a n t’s th i rd i s s u e .p u b l i c a ti o n ).
9
... T e x . P e n a l C o d e A n n . § 3 8 .1 0 (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ). 7 I n hi s f i rsti ss ue, A ppe l l antco nt end s t hatt he t r i al courter red by a dm i t t i ng dur i ng the p uni sh m entpha se ev i den ce ab outt he ext rane ous of fens e o f u n a dju d ic a te d b a il ju m p in g . (T h e re c o rd s h o w s th a t a t t ria l o n th e D W I, A ppe l l antha d b ee n i ndi ct ed butnotye tt r i ed for ba i l j um pi ng. ) He con t end s t hatt here w as no evi den ce of t he requ i red m ent al s t at e b ec aus e t here w as no evi denc e t ha th e h a d no t i c e o f t he o r i gi na l t r i a l s e t t i ng for t he DW I
— O c t ob er 17 , 20 07
. H e al so cont ends t hatStat e’ s Exhi bi t24 , a cert i f i cat e of cal l , w as a d m i tte d o v e r h i s h e a rs a y a n d c o n fro n ta ti o n o bj e c ti o n s . S e c t io n 3 8 .1 0 o f

t h e p e n a l c o d e p ro v i d e s t h a t“ [a ] p e rs o n la w fu lly re le a s e d fro m c u s t o d y , w it h o r w it h o u tb a il, o n c o n d it io n t h a th e s u b s e q u e n t ly a p p e a r [, ] c o m m it s a n o f fe n s e if h e in t e n t io n a lly o r

k n o w in g ly fa ils t o a p p e a r in a c c o rd a n c e w i th th e te rm s o f h i s re l e a s e .” 9 Th e e vi de nc e s ho w s t ha tt r i a l w a s o r i gi nal l y s e tfor Oct ob e r

17, 2007
. Th e Stat e’ s i nvest i gat or t est i f i e d t hatA ppel l antdi d not appear on t hatdat e. The t r i al co urtad m i t t ed a c ert i f i ca t e of c al l , found al so i n t he cl er k’ s rec ord, i ndi ca t i ng t hatt he bai l i f f w ho ha d s i gne d i tha d c al l ed t hree t i m es for A ppe l l ant “att he doo rs of

t he C ourt hou se of [ t he t r i al ] C ourt , ” bu the had no tansw ered o r a p p e a re d . A p p e lla n t ’s b o n d s m a n t e s t if ie d t h a tA p p e lla n tc h e c k e d in re g u la r ly10
... H a l e y v . S tate , 1 7 3 S .W .3 d 5 1 0 , 5 1 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 5 ); see

T e x . C o d e C ri m . P ro c . A n n . a rt. 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (a )(1 ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 9 ).

11
... M i tch e l l v . S tate , 9 3 1 S .W .2 d 9 5 0 , 9 5 3
– 5 4 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 6 ); N a n e z v . S tate , 1 7 9 S .W .3 d 1 4 9 , 1 5 1
– 5 2 (T e x . A p p .— A m a ri l l o 2 0 0 5 , n o p e t.).

12
... H al ey , 173 S. W
. 3d a t515. 8 from t he t i m e t he bond w as w r i t t en unt i l O ct obe r 16 butnots i nce t hen an d th a t t h e b o n d sm a n h a d b e e n u n a b l e to b ri n g A p p e l l a n t ba c k i n to the tr i a l co u rt . A s proof

of not i ce , t he t r i al co urt adm i t t ed a l et t er ad dres se d t o Appel l ant i nf or m i ng hi m of t he t r i al dat e, a ce rt i f i ed cop y of a res et for m si gn ed by A ppe l l antan d hi s at t or ney s how i ng t hatt he ca se ha d be en se tfor j ur y t r i al on O ct ober 17 , 20 07 , and t est i m ony thatA ppel l antst i l l l i ved att he D al l as address t o w hi ch t he cou rt ’ s t r i al s et t i ng l et t er w as di rec t ed. The t r i al co urtal so a dm i t t ed a c ert i f i ed cop y of t he ca pi as i ss ued for Appe l l a nt ’ s a r re s tb a s e d on h i s fa i l ure t o a pp e a r o n O c t ob e r

17. T h e a d m i s s i b i l i ty o f e v i d e n c e a t p u n i s h m e n t i s g u i d e d l a rg e l y b y a r t ic le 37
. 07 , sect i on 3 of t he Tex as C ode of C ri m i n a l P rocedu re. 10 W hi l e t he t r i al cou rtm ak es a t hres hol d de t er m i nat i on of w het her

t he j ur y c oul d rat i ona l l y fi nd b e y o n d a re a s o n a b l e d o u b t th a t a n o ffe n s e o r b a d a c t w a s c o m m i tte d , th e j u ry a c tu a l l y d e c i d e s i f th e S tate m e t i ts b u rde n o f pro o f. 11 F urt he r , a rt i c l e 37. 07, sect i on 3 (a) does notrequi re t he S t at e t o necessar i l y prove t hatt he actw as a cr i m i nal act or

t hatt he defendan tcom m i t t ed a cr i m e. 12 In s te a d , b e fo re th e j u ry13
... I d.
14
... S ee T e x . R . A p p . P . 3 8 .1 (i ); R u ss e a u v . S tate , 171 S. W
. 3d 871, 881 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 5 ), cert . deni ed , 5 4 8 U .S . 9 2 6 (2 0 0 6 ); T ong v. Stat e, 25 S .W .3 d 7 0 7 , 7 1 0 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 0 ), ce rt . de ni ed, 5 3 2 U .S . 1 0 5 3 (2 0 0 1 ); M o sley v . S tate , 9 8 3 S .W .2 d 2 4 9 , 2 5 6 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 8 ) (o p . o n re h ’g ), c e rt. d e n i e d , 5 2 6 U .S . 1 0 7 0 (1 9 9 9 ). 9 ca n c ons i der

t he evi den ce i n a ssessi ng puni sh m ent , i tm us tbe l i eve be yond a rea so n a b l e d o u b t t h a t t h e ac ts a re a ttr i b u tab l e to th e d e fen d a n t. 13 The t r i al co urti ns t r uct ed t he j ur y, Y o u a re in s t r u c t e d t h a t if t h e re is t e s t im o n y b e fo re y o u in t h is ca se rega rdi ng t he def end antha vi ng c om m i t t ed o t he r ac t s or part i ci pat ed i n ot her t ransact i ons ot her

t han t he offen se al l eged agai nsthi m i n t he i ndi ct m ent i n t hi s case, t hatyou cann otconsi der su ch ot her

act s or transa ct i ons , i f an y, unl es s you f i rstfi nd a nd bel i eve be y o n d a reasonabl e doub tt hatt he defendan tcom m i t t ed su ch ac t s or

pa rt i ci pat ed i n s uch t rans ac t i ons , i f an y, buti f

you do n o ts o b e lie v e , o r

if y o u h a v e a re a s o n a b le d o u b tt h e re o f, y o u w ill n o t c o n s i d e r s u c h te s ti m o n y fo r a n y p u rp o s e . A p p e lla n th a s p o in t e d t o n o e v id e n c e in t h e re c o rd t h a tt h e ju r y d is o b e y e d t h is i nst r uct i on. A ccordi ngl y, w e over r ul e A ppel l ant ’ s fi rstsubi ssue. R e g a rd in g A p p e lla n t ’s s u b is s u e a b o u tt h e a d m is s ib ility o f S t a t e ’s E x h ib it 2 4 , w e a g re e w it h t h e S t a t e t h a tt h e A p p e lla n t ’s e n t ire b r ie f in g o n t h is subi ssue, M oreov er , St at e’ s Exhi bi t24 w as ad m i t t ed i nt o evi den ce ove r t he a pp e l l a nt ’ s o bj e c t i on s t o r i ghtt o c on fron ta nd h e a rs a y. ( RR 6: 37 –3 8)
. See C raw ford v. W as hi ngt on , 5 4 1 U .S . 3 6 (2 0 0 4 )[,] i s i na dequat e, 14 butw e n ot e i n t he i nt eres tof j us t i ce t hatA ppe l l antdi d not15
... S ee L e d a y v . S tate , 9 8 3 S .W .2 d 7 1 3 , 7 1 8 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 8 ). 10 obj ectt o t he t est i m ony ab out t he exhi bi t . The S t at e’ s i nvest i gat or t est i f i ed t hat t h e e x h ib itis a c e rt if ie d c e rt if ic a t e o f c a ll; t h a ta c e rt if ic a t e o f c a ll is a docu m ent t hat bai l i f fs or ot her courtof

f i cers com pl et e aft er t hey c a l l the h a l l s th ree ti m e s fo r a c a se , i f a de fen d a n t i s no t pre se n t. Som et i m es t hey ' l l j us tdo on e; som et i m es t hey ' l l ha ve a s t ac k o f 20, and you' l l hea r t hem i n t he hal l of t he cou rt hous e ca l l , Jo hn S m i th , J o h n S m i th , J o h n S m i th , a n d w a i t fo r a re s p o n s e [;] t hat , i f t here i s no res pons e, “ [ t ] ypi ca l l y, a w ar ranti s i ss ued for t hem , t he i nd i vi du a l w ho fa i l e d t o a pp e a r ” ; t ha t t he da t e on t he c e rt i f i c a t e i s Oct ob e r 17, 200 7; t hatt he i nve st i gat or w as i n t he cou rt room on t hat day ; t hat he kne w t he bai l i f f w ho si gned t he exhi bi t ; t hatt he bai l i f f’ s nam e i s Lar r

y M ur phree; and t hat M urphree i s and has bee n t he “n or m al ” bai l i f f i n t he t r i al cou rt for one and a hal f t o tw o years. Beca us e t he St at e’ s i nve st i gat or’ s t es t i m ony rega rdi ng t he exhi bi tcam e i n w i t hou tobj ect i on, t he adm i ssi on of the exhi bi tw as har m l ess. 15 F u rt h e r , w e n o t e t h a tA p p e lla n td o e s n o tc o n t e n d o n a p p e a l t h a tt h e S t a t e d id notprove hi s abs enc e from co urton O ct obe r 17 bu t i ns t ea d cha l l eng es onl y t he proof of w het her

s uch ab se nce w as i nt ent i ona l or kn ow i ng. W e o ver r ul e t he rem ai nder

of A ppel l ant ’ s fi rsti ssue.11

H a v i n g o v e rru l e d A p p e l l a n t’s fi v e i s s u e s , w e a ffir m th e tri a l c o u r t ’s j u d g m e n t.

L E E AN N D AUP HI NOT J U S T I C E PA N EL: DA U PH I N O T, G A RD N ER, an d W A LKER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH Tex. R. A pp. P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: F e brua r y 11, 2010