TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-02-00252-CR

Michael Joseph Prater, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF RUNNELS COUNTY, 119TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 5022, HONORABLE BEN WOODWARD, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant Michael Joseph Prater appeals his conviction for aggravated sexual assault of a 

child under the age of fourteen years. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.021(a)(1)(B)(i) (West 2003). The 

jury found appellant guilty of the single count of the indictment and assessed punishment at thirty years=

imprisonment. On appeal, appellant urges in two points of error that the evidence is legally and factually 

insufficient to show that he committed aggravated sexual assault of a child, his adopted daughter. Because 

we find the evidence legally and factually sufficient, we affirm the conviction.

BACKGROUND

The complainant, T.P., testified at the February 2002 trial that she was born in 1983 and 

was eighteen years of age at the time of trial. She testified that appellant, her father, had touched her 
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inappropriately Amy whole life@ and that A[i]t happened all the time.@ The act that formed the basis of the 

indictment occurred in approximately 1992 when T.P. was seven or eight years of age and lived with her 

mother and father in the town of Crews, near Ballinger in Runnels County. T.P. testified that appellant 

touched her while she was on her parents= bed and her mother was making breakfast. She recounted that 

he touched and penetrated her vagina with his finger, and that he would Arub on me and he would take my 

hand and touch on him and ejaculate him.@

When her parents separated in 1989 and then divorced in 1992, T. P. continued to live with 

her mother but would visit appellant. According to T.P., the inappropriate touching continued during her 

visitation with her father. In May 2000, when T.P. turned seventeen years of age, she asked to live with 

appellant, who later became her managing conservator. In December, T.P. and appellant had a dispute. 

For the first time, the complainant reported appellant=s conduct to her mother.

T.P. and her mother then reported appellant=s conduct to the police, who interviewed 

appellant when he agreed to take a polygraph test. During the interview, appellant denied any conduct in 

Runnels County, but admitted to digitally penetrating the complainant=s vagina in the summer of 2000 when 

she approached him with a sexual question. He also admitted to Aaccidental touching@ on a couple of other 

occasions. Appellant was subsequently indicted and convicted of aggravated sexual assault of a child. The 

jury assessed his punishment at thirty years in prison.

ANALYSIS

Arguing that Ait is obvious@ that the complainant has no independent memory of any specific 

event, appellant urges on appeal that complainant=s confused and generalized testimony is insufficient to 
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sustain his conviction, and that the jury was inundated with evidence of extraneous offenses. Thus, appellant 

contends that the testimony of the complainant is legally and factually insufficient.

The standard for reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence is whether, viewing the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the jury=s verdict, any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a 

reasonable doubt all the essential elements of the offense charged. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 

319 (1979); Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000); Lane v. State, 933 S.W.2d 504, 

507 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). All the evidence that the jury was permitted to consider properly or 

improperly must be taken into account in determining the legal sufficiency of the evidence. Garcia v. State, 

919 S.W.2d 370, 378 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Johnson v. State, 871 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 1993). On appeal, we do not reevaluate the credibility of the witnesses or realign, disregard, or weigh 

the evidence. Adelman v. State, 828 S.W.2d 418, 421 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).

To determine factual sufficiency, we view the evidence in a neutral light and set aside the 

verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. 

 Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7. We must review the evidence weighed by the jury tending to prove the 

existence of the elemental fact in dispute, and compare it to the evidence tending to disprove that fact. Id. 

The appellate court may find either that the State=s proof of guilt was so obviously weak as to undermine 

confidence in the jury=s determination, or that the finding of guilt was against the great weight and 

preponderance of the evidence. Id. at 11. When the defendant proffers contrary evidence, we consider 

whether the proof of guilt, although adequate if taken alone, is greatly outweighed by the defendant=s 

evidence. Id. We may disagree with the jury=s decision, even if probative evidence exists that supports the 
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verdict. Jones v. State, 944 S.W.2d 642, 647 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). However, a factual sufficiency 

review must be appropriately deferential to avoid substituting our judgment for that of the jury. Id. at 648. 

We are not free to reweigh the evidence, but must exercise our jurisdiction only to prevent a manifestly 

unjust result. Id.

To prove appellant committed aggravated sexual assault of a child, the State was required 

to prove that appellant (i) intentionally or knowingly (ii) caused the penetration of the female sexual organ by 

any means, and (iii) the victim is younger than fourteen years of age. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.021 

(West 2003). The indictment alleged that the penetration occurred by appellant placing his finger in T.P.=s 

female sexual organ on or about September 1, 1992.

In this case, T.P. described specific as well as general incidents that occurred beginning 

when she was seven or eight years old. She recounted the specific incident that is the subject of the 

indictment that occurred in September 1992. She testified specifically that appellant=s finger penetrated her 

female sexual organ. Appellant testified and did not deny that the incident occurred, but disputed the time, 

place, and circumstances.

Jerry Watkins, a reserve deputy sheriff with the Tom Green County Sheriff=s Department, 

also testified. Watkins testified that he had been a police officer with the San Angelo Police Department 

prior to his retirement in January 1997. Watkins recounted the substance of his interview with appellant, 

who admitted to sexual contact with T.P.:

He said that these things had occurred, that mostly it was when he had given her a bath and 

he was drying her off with a towel, that he would sometimes touch her genitals and things, 
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or he would put his penis between her legs and rub it back and forth some, but it was just 

those things like that and she was so young it didn=t bother anything.

Appellant also told Watkins that the incidents had occurred when he was in the military and the family was 

living in Nebraska. Watkins also testified that appellant told him that when T.P. lived with him, they Awould 

frequently go around in the house together nude,@ a practice Ahe went along@ with because Ashe started it.@ 

Appellant also admitted to Watkins that he had digitally penetrated the complainant=s vagina, but that the 

incident had occurred sometime in the year 2000.

Appellant testified that he was employed by the post office and had been in the Air Force 

for twenty years. On direct examination, he admitted to digitally penetrating the complainant=s vagina in the 

summer of 2000. He testified that she was living with him and approached him with a question about sex. 

They were discussing her education and then dating and boyfriends Aand one thing lead [sic] to another.@ 

Appellant then testified that T.P. suggested that he explain his answer to the question by demonstrating on 

her. He then inserted his finger into her vagina. Appellant testified that he did not perform the act with the 

Aintent to arouse or gratify@ himself:

But my child asked me a question and I had no way of knowing what the mother had told 

her or had not told her or where she was in her sex life because she was living with 

somebody inCin Coleman. She had left her mother and begged me to take her into 

herCinto the house. She begged me . . . to let her live with me so that she would not have 

to return to her mother.

Appellant=s testimony on direct examination continued:
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[DEFENSE COUNSEL] So at this time in the summer of 2000, did you feel that you 

were helping your daughter out?

[APPELLANT] Yes, sir, I did.

[DEFENSE COUNSEL] Prior to the summer of 2000 have you ever touched her 

vaginal area with your hand?

[APPELLANT] Yes, sir, I can say I did.

[DEFENSE COUNSEL] Could you tell the jury the circumstances by which you 

would have touched her vaginal area with your hand?

[APPELLANT] Okay. Well, theCprior to that summer when she was first 

coming up, she would take a bath and ask me to put 

lotionChelp her put lotion on, and I would do that because 

she had asked me to. But it may have brushedCit may 

have been a brush or close to, but, I mean, there was no 

intent or anything like that.

Appellant then recounted other incidents in which he had accidentally touched T.P.=s genitals. Although 

appellant denied the act alleged in the indictment, he explained: A[w]hen she would come in, I=d lay on the 

bedC[my wife] would be in the bed next to me, and I would reach down and I=d rub her tummy, you know, 

just toCfather-daughter bonding. That=s the only way I looked at it.@

Appellant does not contend that the State has failed to adduce proof as to each element of 

the offense; rather, he contends the evidence was insufficient because of the generality of the complainant=s 

testimony and her lack of credibility. The evidence is legally sufficient so long as the evidence provides the 

requisite proof needed to satisfy the elements of the offense charged. Even when the victim is a child, the 

victim=s testimony alone may be sufficient to support a conviction for sexual assault. Jensen v. State, 66 

S.W.3d 528, 534 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. stricken).
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Because the evidence was sufficient for a jury to have found beyond a reasonable doubt all 

of the essential elements of the offense charged, we overrule appellant=s first point of error.

By his second point of error, appellant argues that the evidence was factually insufficient for 

the same reasons set forth in his challenge to the legal sufficiency. He contends that the evidence is 

insufficient because the conduct allegedly happened over nine years ago and the allegation was supported 

only by general testimony. Because appellant testified, we examine the record to determine whether the 

evidence supporting the finding of guilt is so greatly outweighed by the defendant=s evidence to the extent 

that the verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. See Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 11.

That the complainant=s testimony was at times general in nature does not vitiate the 

sufficiency of the evidence. The complainant admitted that she was not clear on the dates of the 

occurrences. But she testified that the events occurred over a ten-year period, that the sexual contact 

happened Aa lot,@ Aoften,@ Amy whole life,@ and became a part of her relationship with her father. 

Appellant=s former wife, T.P.=s mother, testified to the divorce, the modification of the custody order, and to 

the complainant=s outcry in December 2000. She also described the complainant=s rebellious conduct and 

abuse of drugs.

The appellant did not deny engaging in behavior similar to that described by the

complainant. Far from outweighing the evidence supporting the finding of guilt, a jury could have found that 

appellant=s evidence corroborated the complainant=s testimony, disputing only the element of intent and the 

venue and date of the alleged offense. The undisputed evidence showed that the conduct itself occurred. 

After reviewing all of the evidence in a neutral light, we cannot conclude that the State=s evidence, although 
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adequate if taken alone, is so greatly outweighed by the defendant=s evidence, so as to render the verdict 

clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. See id. We therefore conclude that the evidence was factually 

sufficient to support the jury=s verdict.

We overrule appellant=s second point of error.

CONCLUSION

Finding that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient, we affirm the judgment of the 

district court.

__________________________________________

Jan P. Patterson, Justice

Before Justices Kidd, Yeakel and Patterson

Affirmed

Filed: April 3, 2003

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