U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board

Information Sheet No. 5

Discovery

Purpose.

The purpose of this information sheet is to provide general guidance and 

background information. It does not represent an official statement approved by 

the Board itself, and is not intended to provide legal counsel or to be cited as legal 

authority. Instead, it is intended only to help the public become familiar with the 

MSPB and its procedures. In all instances, however, the Board’s regulations and 

current case law control with respect to the matters discussed here.

What is discovery?

Discovery is the procedure by which you may ask questions, or obtain documents 

or answers from the opposing party or third parties in order to "discover" 

information that is calculated to lead the parties to find admissible evidence. 

How does discovery work?

A party must make its first discovery request within 30 days following the date of 

the Board's Acknowledgment Order in the case. Otherwise, the request will be 

considered untimely (late), and the other party may be excused from having to 

answer it. Following receipt of a discovery request, a party must respond to it 

within 20 days after the date of service. If the response is inadequate, or if the 

discovery request is ignored, the party that made the discovery request may file a 

"Motion to Compel Discovery" with the administrative judge (AJ). A Motion to 

Compel Discovery must be filed within 10 days after the objection or 

nonconforming response is served, or within 10 days after the time limit for 

response has expired. If the AJ concludes that the discovery request was legally 

proper, he or she will issue an "Order to Compel Discovery." If the response to 

this order is inadequate, or if the Order to Compel Discovery is ignored, the party 

that made the discovery request may file a "Motion for Sanctions" with the AJ. 

The AJ may, after considering any response to the motion, impose legal sanctions 

on the party which failed to comply with the order. After the initial discovery 

request, a party may file follow-up discovery requests within 10 days of the date 

of service of the prior response. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.73(d)

What types of discovery requests are there?
A party can use any type of discovery authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil 

Procedure. The most common types are: (1) requests for production of documents, 

(2) written interrogatories, (3) requests for admission, and (4) depositions. 

What is a "Request for Production of Documents?"

This is a written request for specific documents or a class of documents. For 

example, an appellant who is appealing a suspension for AWOL, might request a 

copy of the "sign-in, sign-out" sheet the agency maintained to record employee 

time and attendance for the date in question. 

What are "Written Interrogatories?"

These are written questions which must be answered in writing. For example, an 

appellant who is appealing his removal for fighting with two coworkers in the 

workplace, could ask: "Explain what disciplinary action, if any, was or is proposed 

to be taken against Mr. A and Mr. B for the alleged incident, explaining the 

reasons for the difference in treatment, if any, from how I was treated." 

What are "Requests for Admissions?”

These are written requests to a party to admit, deny, or admit with explanation, 

certain facts. For example, an appellant who is appealing a suspension for misuse 

of an agency vehicle might ask the agency to admit, deny, or admit with 

explanation that: "Mr. C, the Chief of Operations, gave verbal permission for me 

to take the Government sedan to the bank." 

What are "Depositions?"

A deposition is the formal questioning of a potential witness under oath. It is 

usually transcribed by a court-reporter. Depositions often require travel by the 

participants or witnesses, and because of the court-reporting costs may be 

expensive. Parties may, but are not required to, agree to modify deposition 

procedures to reduce expenses, such as allowing a witness to be deposed by 

telephone, or allowing the deposition to be tape-recorded but not transcribed. 

Are there limits to the amount of discovery allowed?

Yes. Because discovery may be quite costly and burdensome, the Board's 

regulations impose limits on the amount of discovery a party may use without the 

approval of the AJ. For example, a party may only serve 25 written interrogatories 

upon another party or a nonparty and take 10 depositions. The AJ may, in his or 

her discretion, authorize discovery beyond these limits. 

Do you have any tips on effective discovery?
Read the Board's discovery regulations to make sure you are aware of the time 

limits for discovery and ensure that your discovery requests and responses comply 

with the regulations. The most common two reasons a discovery request is 

improper or unenforceable are that it is either overbroad or irrelevant. A request is 

overbroad when it asks for a lot of extraneous information, such as when an 

appellant appealing a suspension for filing a falsified travel voucher asks for 

copies of all travel vouchers submitted by agency employees for the past two 

years. Complying with that request would be very burdensome on the agency, 

would adversely impact on the privacy of other agency employees, and would 

provide a lot of information not related to that employee's case. Usually a 

discovery request seeking information about what happened to you, or directly 

concerning you will be fine. Problems arise when the request starts asking for a lot 

of information about other people, or about what happened to them. 

Do I send copies of my discovery request to the administrative judge?

Do not file copies of initial requests for discovery or responses to discovery with 

the Board unless it is as an attachment to a motion to compel or as a hearing 

exhibit or part of your final submission in a case decided on the written record. 

The Board expects you to cooperate timely and voluntarily in the exchange of 

information with limited intervention by the administrative judge. 

How can I obtain more information about discovery?

You can review the Board's regulations on discovery at 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.71-75, 

and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Board's regulations are available on 

the Board's website (Appeals Process page). The Federal Rules are available here.