# Patent

## Title
Automatic engine oil life determination adjusted for presence of oil squirters

## Abstract

A method is provided for determining remaining oil life prior to an oil change in an internal combustion engine that uses a body of oil. The method includes transferring the body of oil to the engine and determining a volume of the transferred body of oil. The method also includes determining whether an oil squirter is present in the engine. Additionally, the method includes determining the remaining oil life based on the determined volume of the body of oil and whether an oil squirter is present in the engine. Moreover, the method includes activating an oil change indicator when the remaining oil life reaches a predetermined level. A system for determining a number of engine revolutions permitted on a volume of oil is also disclosed.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a system for automatic engine oil life determination adjusted for the presence of oil squirters.
BACKGROUND
In internal combustion engines, oil is typically used for lubrication, cleaning, inhibiting corrosion, to improve sealing, and to cool the engine by carrying heat away from the moving parts. Engine oils are generally derived from petroleum-based and non-petroleum synthesized chemical compounds. Modern engine oils are mainly blended by using base oil composed of hydrocarbons and other chemical additives for a variety of specific applications. Over the course of oil's service life, engine oil frequently becomes contaminated with foreign particles and soluble contaminants, and its chemical properties become degraded due to oxidation and nitration. A common effect of such contamination and degradation is that the oil may lose its capability to fully protect the engine, thus necessitating the used oil to be changed or replaced with clean, new oil.
Engine oil is generally changed based on time in service, or based on a distance the engine's host vehicle has traveled. Actual operating conditions of the vehicle and hours of engine operation are some of the more commonly used factors in deciding when to change the engine oil. Time-based intervals account for shorter trips where fewer miles are driven, while building up more contaminants. During such shorter trips, the oil may often not achieve full operating temperature long enough to burn off condensation, excess fuel, and other contamination that may lead to “sludge”, “varnish”, or other harmful deposits.
To aid with timely oil changes, modern engines often include oil life monitoring systems to estimate the oil's condition based on factors which typically cause degradation, such as engine speed and oil or coolant temperature. When an engine employing an oil life monitoring system is used in a vehicle, such a vehicle's total distance traveled since the last oil change may be an additional factor in deciding on the appropriate time for an oil change.
SUMMARY
A method is disclosed herein for determining remaining oil life prior to an oil change in an internal combustion engine that uses a body of oil. The method includes transferring the body of oil to the engine and determining a volume of the transferred body of oil. The method also includes determining whether an oil squirter is present in the engine. Additionally, the method includes determining the remaining oil life based on the determined volume of the body of oil and whether an oil squirter is present in the engine. Moreover, the method includes activating an oil change indicator when the remaining oil life reaches a predetermined level.
The method may additionally include resetting the oil change indicator to represent 100% of oil life remaining following the oil change. At least one of the acts of determining a volume of the transferred body of oil, determining the remaining oil life, and activating and resetting the oil life indicator may be accomplished via a controller arranged relative to and operatively connected to the engine.
The engine may include an oil sump arranged to accept the transferred body of oil. The act of determining a volume of the transferred body of oil may include determining a level of the transferred body of oil in the sump. The act of determining the remaining oil life may further include determining a number of revolutions for each combustion event of the engine and determining a number of combustion events permitted using the determined volume of oil.
The oil squirter may be present in the engine. In such a case, determining the remaining oil life may include adjusting the remaining oil life by a factor representative of a volume of oil from the transferred body of oil that is provided by the squirter.
A system for determining the remaining oil life permitted on a volume of oil is also disclosed.
The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an engine oil life monitoring system; and
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for determining a number of engine revolutions permitted on a volume of oil in an internal combustion engine.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings wherein like reference numbers correspond to like or similar components throughout the several figures, FIG. 1 illustrates an automatic oil life system 5. Oil life system 5 is configured for determining remaining effective or useful life of oil utilized in an internal combustion engine prior to an oil change. The determining of the remaining oil life by oil life system 5 includes determining a number of permitted engine revolutions on a specific volume of oil.
Automatic oil life system 5 includes an internal combustion engine which is represented schematically and denoted by numeral 10. Engine 10 includes an engine block 12. Block 12 houses engine internal components such as a crankshaft 14, reciprocating pistons 16, and connecting rods 18. Pistons 16 are attached to crankshaft 14 via rods 18 for reciprocation in cylinder bores 13. Pistons 16 transfer the force of combustion to the crankshaft and thereby rotate the engine 10. Rotation of engine 10, which is typically measured in terms of revolutions per minute (RPM), is denoted by an arrow 19. Each connection between the respective pistons 16 and rods 18, and between the rods and crankshaft 14, includes an appropriate bearing (not shown) for smooth and reliable rotation. Engine 10 also includes oil squirters 15. A single oil squirter 15 is shown arranged on the block 12, underneath piston 16 for supplying a jet of oil to the underside of the piston 16 or to the wall of cylinder bore 13. Squirters 15 are thereby employed to reduce the thermal stress experienced by pistons 16 that is generated by combustion during operation of engine 10. Although a single oil squirter 15 is shown at each piston location, nothing precludes employing any quantity of squirters for cooling a single piston 16.
Engine 10 also includes an oil pan or sump 20. Sump 20 is arranged on engine 10 and is attached to block 12 for holding a body of oil 22. Body of oil 22 is employed within engine 10 for lubricating engine's moving parts, such as bearings (not shown), pistons 16 and rods 18, and for other functions such as cooling the engine by carrying heat generated by friction and combustion away from the moving parts. Body of oil 22 additionally functions to remove contaminants from engine 10. Engine 10 additionally includes an oil filter 26 specifically configured to trap various foreign particles that the oil may collect while in service. In order to not restrict oil flow, filter 26 is generally capable of trapping particles down to only a certain size, and may thus fail to capture smaller contaminants. The body of oil 22 may also absorb soluble contaminants that are not removed by filter 26. Therefore, over time, body of oil 22 becomes chemically degraded due to oxidation and nitration, as well as contaminated with foreign materials, thus becoming less effective in its protection of engine 10, and necessitating the oil to be changed. Sump 20 includes a removable plug 24, which may be configured as a threadable fastener, for permitting body of oil 22 to be drained from the sump during an oil change.
Automatic oil life system 5 also includes a controller 28, and may include a sensor 30, as shown. Controller 28 may be a central processor configured to regulate operation of engine 10 or a dedicated unit programmed to solely operate the automatic oil life system. Sensor 30 is configured to sense a level or height of the body of oil 22. Controller 28 is in communication with sensor 30, which is arranged on the engine 10 relative to the sump 20. Sensor 30 is at least partially immersed in body of oil 22 and is configured to sense level of the oil present in sump 20, and communicate such data to controller 28. Sensor 30 may be configured to sense the level of body of oil 22 either while engine 10 is shut-off, or dynamically, i.e., while the engine is running. Controller 28 receives data from the sensor 30 and determines an appropriate time or instance for body of oil 22 to be changed, i.e., replaced with fresh oil.
The appropriate allowed number of engine revolutions before changing body of oil 22 is determined according to a mathematical relationship or algorithm R(Rev)=K(Oil)×[K(Eng)×kPS]×V, which is denoted by numeral 33. Mathematical relationship 33 is programmed and stored in the controller 28. R(Rev) represents a total number of engine revolutions permitted on a specific volume of the body of oil 22. R(Rev) may also be representative of a predetermined level of effective or useful life remaining in the body of oil 22 prior to necessitating an oil change. The factor K(Oil) represents a total number of allowed combustion events of engine 10 per liter of the body of oil 22, while K(Eng) represents a number of revolutions of engine 10 for each combustion event of the engine. Total number of allowed combustion events per liter of the body of oil 22, K(Oil), is an input variable in relationship 33.
K(Eng) is a mathematical constant, the value of which depends on the actual engine configuration, with a specific number of cylinders. For example, in a six-cylinder, four-stroke engine, two complete engine revolutions are required for each cylinder to experience a single combustion event, i.e., K(Eng) is equal to 2 divided by 6 in the same example, and is therefore equal to a value of 1⁄3. The highest temperatures seen by the engine 10 occur within combustion chambers 17 during actual combustion events. Because pistons 16 are in direct contact with the forces of combustion, and, as a result of extreme temperatures generated during combustion events, the pistons are also subjected to extremely high thermal stresses. Oil squirters 15 are provided to alleviate such thermal stresses. A portion of oil from the body of oil 22 is therefore sprayed on the underside of the pistons 16 or on the wall of the respective cylinder bores 13, such that once in contact with the pistons, that particular portion of the oil absorbs a great deal of heat. Accordingly, exposure of oil to such extreme temperatures accelerates degradation of the particular portion of the body of oil 22, and leads to a reduction in the total number of permitted engine revolutions R(Rev).
Factor kPS is provided to account for the degradation of the particular portion of the body of oil 22 that is sprayed at the undersides of pistons 16 or on the wall of the respective cylinder bores 13. When squirters 15 are present, factor kPS is expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e., a number smaller than 1, to be multiplied with factor K(Eng) and thereby reduce the number of revolutions of engine 10 for each combustion event of the engine when the engine employs oil squirters 15. The actual magnitude of the factor kPS may be determined empirically or estimated based on the actual useful oil life of the body of oil 22 determined during evaluation and testing of engine 10. When squirters 15 are not present in engine 10, factor kPS is set to a value of 1. Therefore, in the example of the six-cylinder four-stroke engine described above, K(Eng) value of 1⁄3 is additionally multiplied by the factor kPS. The result of K(Eng)×kPS is then employed in the mathematical relationship 33. Within the same mathematical relationship 33, factor V is a volume in liters of the body of oil 22 determined by the rated oil capacity of engine 10, which is typically indicated at the “full” mark on an oil level indicator or dipstick (not shown), or based on the oil level in sump 20 sensed by sensor 30 after the oil change. As such, when the mathematical relationship 33 incorporates factor kPS, R(Rev) is thereby adjusted for the extreme temperatures of combustion conducted by pistons 16 or the walls of cylinder bores 13 to the volume of oil sprayed by oil squirters 15.
Subsequent to the determination of R(Rev) based on relationship 33, controller 28 executes a control action, such as activating or triggering an oil life indicator 34. Oil life indicator 34 is configured to signal to an operator of the engine or of the host vehicle when the number of engine revolutions permitted on the determined quality and volume of the body of oil 22, R(Rev), has been reached. The oil life indicator 34 may also display the percentage of oil life remaining. In order to assure that the operator is reliably notified when the time for oil change has arrived, oil life indicator 34 may be positioned on an instrument panel, inside the vehicle's passenger compartment. Oil life indicator 34 may be triggered immediately upon the determination that R(Rev) has been reached, or solely after R(Rev) has been reached when the engine is started and/or shut off. Following the oil change, oil life indicator 34 is reset to represent 100% oil life remaining, and the determination of R(Rev) on a fresh body of oil may commence.
A method 40 for determining remaining oil life prior to an oil change is shown in FIG. 2, and described below with reference to the structure shown in FIG. 1. Method 40 commences in frame 42 with transferring body of oil 22 to sump 20. Following frame 42, the method proceeds to frame 44, where it includes determining the volume of oil V of the transferred body of oil 22, as described above with respect to FIG. 1. After frame 44, the method advances to frame 46. In frame 46, the method includes determining the appropriate value of factor kPS which represents whether an oil squirter is present in engine 10, and may also represent a specific volume of oil from the body of oil 22 that is provided by squirters 15 to the pistons 16 or to the walls of cylinder bores 13. Such specific volume of oil is provided by design in order to effectively cool pistons 16. The effect of such oil volume being exposed to the extreme temperatures of combustion on the permitted number of engine revolutions R(Rev), and therefore the appropriate value of factor kPS, may be established empirically during testing of engine 10.
Following frame 46, the method proceeds to frame 48. In frame 48, the method includes determining when the remaining oil life reaches a predetermined level, and an oil change is required. The predetermined level of remaining oil life may be established according to the number of engine revolutions R(Rev), wherein R(Rev) is based on whether pistons squirters are present in engine 10, and therefore the determined factor kPS, and the determined volume of the body of oil 22 by using the relationship 33. Following frame 48, the method advances to frame 50, where it includes executing a control action, such as activating the oil life indicator 34, to signal to an operator of engine 10 or of the vehicle where the engine resides when the remaining oil life reaches the predetermined level. A continuous reading of the percentage of remaining useful oil life as reflected by the number of engine revolutions R(Rev) adjusted for volume of oil sprayed at the of pistons 16 or at the walls of cylinder bores 13 based on the factor kPS may also be provided.
While the best modes for carrying out the invention have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method for determining remaining oil life prior to an oil change in an internal combustion engine that uses a body of oil, the method comprising:
transferring the body of oil to the engine;
determining a volume of the transferred body of oil;
determining whether an oil squirter is present in the engine;
determining the remaining oil life based on the determined volume of the body of oil and whether an oil squirter is present in the engine; and
activating an oil change indicator when the remaining oil life reaches a predetermined level.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising resetting the oil change indicator to represent 100% of oil life remaining following the oil change.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least one of said determining a volume of the transferred body of oil, said determining the remaining oil life, and said activating and said resetting the oil change indicator is accomplished via a controller operatively connected to the engine.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the engine includes an oil sump arranged to accept the transferred body of oil, and said determining a volume of the transferred body of oil includes determining a level of the transferred body of oil in the sump.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining the remaining oil life includes determining a number of revolutions for each combustion event of the engine, and further includes determining a number of combustion events permitted using the determined volume of oil.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oil squirter is present, and said determining the remaining oil life includes adjusting the remaining oil life by a factor representative of a volume of oil from the transferred body of oil that is provided by the squirter.

7. A system for determining remaining oil life permitted prior to an oil change in an internal combustion engine that uses a body of oil, the system comprising:
an oil sump arranged on the engine to accept the body of oil;
a sensor arranged on the engine and configured to provide a signal indicative of a volume of the body of oil in the sump; and
a controller operatively connected to the sensor and programmed to determine the permitted remaining oil life based on the determined volume of the body of oil and whether an oil squirter is present in the engine.

8. The system of claim 7, further comprising an oil change indicator, wherein the controller is configured to activate the oil change indicator when the remaining oil life reaches a predetermined level.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the oil change indicator is reset to represent 100% of oil life remaining following the oil change.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the controller is programmed with a number of revolutions for each combustion event of the engine, and the controller additionally determines the remaining oil life based on the number of revolutions for each combustion event of the engine.

11. The system of claim 7, wherein the signal indicative of a volume of the body of oil is indicative of a level of the body of oil in the sump, and the controller determines the volume based on the level.

12. The system of claim 7, wherein the controller is programmed with a number of combustion events permitted per the volume of the body of oil in the sump, and the controller additionally determines the remaining oil life based on the number of combustion events.

13. The system of claim 7, wherein the oil squirter is present, and determination of the remaining oil life includes adjusting the remaining oil life by a factor representative of a volume of oil from the transferred body of oil that is provided by the squirter.

14. A method for determining a number of engine revolutions permitted prior to an oil change in an internal combustion engine that uses a body of oil, the method comprising:
transferring the body of oil to the engine;
determining a volume of the transferred body of oil;
determining whether an oil squirter is present in the engine;
determining the remaining oil life based on the determined volume of the body of oil and whether an oil squirter is present in the engine; and
activating an oil change indicator when the number of engine revolutions reaches a predetermined level.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising resetting the oil change indicator to represent 100% of oil life remaining following the oil change.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one of said determining a volume of the transferred body of oil, said determining a number of engine revolutions, and said activating and said resetting the oil change indicator is accomplished via a controller operatively connected to the engine.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the engine includes an oil sump arranged to accept the transferred body of oil, and said determining a volume of the transferred body of oil includes determining a level of the transferred body of oil in the sump.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein said determining a number of engine revolutions includes determining a number of revolutions for each combustion event of the engine, and further includes determining a number of combustion events permitted using the determined volume of oil.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the oil squirter is present, and said determining the remaining oil life includes adjusting the remaining oil life by a factor representative of a volume of oil from the transferred body of oil that is provided by the squirter.