<PAGE>   1

                                 FORM 10-Q/A

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


(Mark One)
   [X]        QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE 
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

                  For the quarterly period ended March 31, 1997

                                       OR

   [ ]        TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE 
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from  
                               ---------------------
to  
   -------------------
 
Commission File Number                      0-23948
                        ------------------------------------------------------ 

                         BOYD BROS. TRANSPORTATION INC.
             (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

              Delaware                                      63-6006515
   (State or other jurisdiction of                (IRS Employer Identification
    incorporation or organization)                            Number)

                     3275 Highway 30, Clayton, Alabama 36016
                     ---------------------------------------
                    (Address of principal executive offices)
                                   (Zip Code)

                                 (334) 775-1400
                                 --------------
              (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)


Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports) Yes X No __, and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ___
                                             
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of
common stock, as of April 30, 1997.

      Common Stock, $.001 Par Value                          3,700,688
      -----------------------------                          ---------
                 (Class)                                 (Number of Shares)




                                       
<PAGE>   2



PART II. OTHER INFORMATION.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

        (a) Exhibits

               10.33    OMNITRACS contract dated February 5, 1997, by and
                        between the Company and QUALCOMM, Inc.
                      
               *11      Computation of earnings per share on page 5

               *27      Financial data schedule (for SEC use only)

               *  Previously Filed

        (b) Reports on Form 8-K

            No reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Registrant during the
            quarter ended March 31, 1997.


Confidential Information contained in Exhibit 10.33 has been deleted and filed
separately with the Commission pursuant to an Application for Confidential
Treatment.

                                   SIGNATURES


         Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned duly authorized.



                                     Boyd Bros. Transportation Inc.
                                              (Registrant)



Date:   August 5, 1997                /s/ Richard C. Bailey
                                      ------------------------------------------
                                      Richard C. Bailey, Chief Financial Officer
                                               (Principal Accounting Officer)





                                      9