# Patent

## Title
Physiological monitor gauge panel

## Abstract

A physiological monitor gauge panel defines parameters to display on a physiological monitor via corresponding gauges. Gauge faces depict a range of parameter values for each of the parameters. An indicator designates a position on each gauge face corresponding to the current parameter value within the range of parameter values. The indicated position on each of the gauges is at the mid-point of each of the gauge faces when each of the parameters is at a nominal value.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/552,427, filed Oct. 27, 2011, titled Physiological Monitor Gauge Panel, the above-cited provisional application hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pulse oximetry is a widely accepted noninvasive procedure for measuring the oxygen saturation level of arterial blood, an indicator of a person's oxygen supply. A typical pulse oximetry system utilizes an optical sensor attached to a fingertip to measure the relative volume of oxygenated hemoglobin in pulsatile arterial blood flowing within the fingertip. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate and a plethysmograph waveform, which is a visualization of pulsatile blood flow over time, are displayed on a monitor accordingly.
Conventional pulse oximetry assumes that arterial blood is the only pulsatile blood flow in the measurement site. During patient motion, venous blood also moves, which causes errors in conventional pulse oximetry. Advanced pulse oximetry processes the venous blood signal so as to report true arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate under conditions of patient movement. Advanced pulse oximetry also functions under conditions of low perfusion (small signal amplitude), intense ambient light (artificial or sunlight) and electrosurgical instrument interference, which are scenarios where conventional pulse oximetry tends to fail.
Advanced pulse oximetry is described in at least U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,770,028; 6,658,276; 6,157,850; 6,002,952; 5,769,785 and 5,758,644, which are assigned to Masimo Corporation (“Masimo”) of Irvine, Calif. and are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein. Corresponding low noise optical sensors are disclosed in at least U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,985,764; 6,813,511; 6,792,300; 6,256,523; 6,088,607; 5,782,757 and 5,638,818, which are also assigned to Masimo and are also incorporated in their entirety by reference herein. Advanced pulse oximetry systems including Masimo SET® low noise optical sensors and read through motion pulse oximetry monitors for measuring SpO2, pulse rate (PR) and perfusion index (PI) are available from Masimo. Optical sensors include any of Masimo LNOP®, LNCS®, SofTouchTM and BlueTM adhesive or reusable sensors. Pulse oximetry monitors include any of Masimo Rad-8®, Rad-5®, Rad®-5v or SatShare® monitors.
Advanced blood parameter measurement systems are described in at least U.S. Pat. No. 7,647,083, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled Multiple Wavelength Sensor Equalization; U.S. Pat. No. 7,729,733, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled Configurable Physiological Measurement System; U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2006/0211925, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled Physiological Parameter Confidence Measure and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2006/0238358, filed Mar. 1, 2006, titled Noninvasive Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor, all assigned to Cercacor Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, Calif. (Cercacor) and all incorporated in their entirety by reference herein. Advanced blood parameter measurement systems include Masimo Rainbow® SET, which provides measurements in addition to SpO2, such as total hemoglobin (SpHbTM), oxygen content (SpOCTM), methemoglobin (SpMet®), carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO®) and PVI®. Advanced blood parameter sensors include Masimo Rainbow® adhesive, ReSposableTM and reusable sensors. Advanced blood parameter monitors include Masimo Radical-7TM, Rad87TM and Rad57TM, Pronto-7® and Pronto® monitors, all available from Masimo. Such advanced pulse oximeters, low noise sensors and advanced blood parameter systems have gained rapid acceptance in a wide variety of medical applications, including surgical wards, intensive care and neonatal units, general wards, home care, physical training, and virtually all types of monitoring scenarios.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A physiological monitor gauge panel displays a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows medical care providers to quickly view and immediately and intuitively recognize and assess patient status across multiple parameters. The GUI comprises multiple gauges arranged in a panel. In an embodiment, a face of each gauge is configured as a circular portion. A needle of each gauge rotatably moves across the gauge face so as to indicate a parameter value. A gauge readout integrated with the gauge face also indicates a parameter value. An alarm region is disposed along at least one end of the face so as to indicate a lower alarm limit, an upper alarm limit or both lower and upper alarm limits. The alarm region becomes brightly illuminated when the needle is within the alarm region so as to alert a caregiver of an alarm condition.
In an embodiment, the physiological monitor gauge has a gauge face with generally semi-circular upper and lower edges defining downward-oriented ends and a mid-point between the ends defining an arced peak. Positions along the gauge face correspond to physiological parameter values. An indicator is disposed on the gauge face and is moveable along the gauge face according to a parameter value. The parameter value is displayed as at least one digit underneath the arced peak. The parameter type is specified under the parameter value.
One aspect of a physiological monitor gauge panel has a gauge face with generally semi-circular upper and lower edges. Each edge has downward-oriented ends and a mid-point defining an arced peak. Positions along the gauge face correspond to parameter values. An indicator is disposed on the gauge face and is moveable along the gauge face according to parameter values. At least one digit is displayed underneath the arced peak according to parameter values, and a parameter type is displayed under the at least one digit. In various embodiments, a generally arced color bar is disposed along the gauge face proximate at least one of the ends. The color bar defines an alarm region for parameter values. An arced histogram is disposed above the gauge face upper edge having bins, each of which generally represent parameter values corresponding to bin positions along the gauge face. Bin fills are depicted as relatively dark lines of various lengths coextending with particular ones of the bins. The bin fills each depict the amount of time the indicator persists at a given parameter value associated with a bin position.
Further aspect of a physiological monitor gauge panel are an alarm condition corresponding to the indicator positioned over the color bar. The gauge face changes from a generally neutral color to a red color during the alarm condition. Parameter value digits change from a black color to a white color during the alarm condition, and a background of the parameter value changes to a generally red color. A ghost face represents an unused quarter-circle region proximate one of the gauge face ends. A second generally arced color bar is located proximate the color bar and defines a cautionary region for parameter values. Gauge faces and corresponding indicators, parameter values and parameter types define a panel of parameter gauges. The indicators of each parameter gauge are generally centered at each of the arced peaks of the gauge faces so as to designate generally nominal values for the underlying physiological parameters. The panel displaying one or more significantly off-centered indicators signifies a potentially significant physiological event.
Another aspect of a physiological monitor gauge panel defines parameters to display on a physiological monitor via corresponding gauges. Gauge faces depict a range of parameter values for each of the parameters. An indicator designates a position on each gauge face corresponding to the current parameter value within the range of parameter values. The indicated position on each of the gauges is at the mid-point of each of the gauge faces when each of the parameters is at a nominal value. In various embodiments, gauge faces define a semi-circular range for each parameter. A low-range gauge has a left quarter-circle active face portion and a right quarter-circle inactive face portion. A high-range gauge has a right quarter-circle active face portion and a left quarter-circle inactive face portion. A high/low-range gauge has both a right quarter-circle active face portion and a left quarter-circle active face portion. A color bar designates an alarm region of parameter values. A second color bar designates a cautionary region of parameter values.
Yet another aspect of a physiological monitor gauge is a gauge face for depicting a range of values of a parameter on a physiological monitor. An indicator rotatably moves along the gauge face in response to the parameter so as to designate a current value for the parameter. The gauge face is configured so that the indicator is centered on the gauge face when the parameter current value is a nominal value. In various embodiments, the gauge face has a left-sided active face when the parameter has alarm limits for only low parameter values and a right-sided active face when the parameter has alarm limits for only high parameter values. The gauge face has both a left-sided active face and a right-sided active face when the parameter has alarm limits for both low parameter values and high parameter values. An active histogram is disposed proximate the active face for indicating the amount of time the indicator persists at a given parameter value. A virtual sliding knob sets the alarm limits along the gauge face.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a physiological monitor gauge panel illustration presenting nominal values for each parameter and dual (red and yellow zone) alarm limits;
FIG. 2 is a physiological monitor gauge panel illustration presenting less than nominal values for each parameter;
FIG. 3 is a physiological monitor gauge panel illustration presenting an alarm condition for a particular parameter;
FIG. 4 is a parameter gauge illustration presenting an active histogram;
FIG. 5 is a parameter gauge illustration presenting an alarm limit editor;
FIG. 6 is a parameter gauge illustration presenting a 3-dimensional edge;
FIG. 7 is a parameter gauge illustration presenting a visible needle indicator;
FIG. 8 is a quarter-circle parameter gauge illustration; and
FIG. 9 is a parameter gauge illustration presenting single (red zone) alarm limits.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a physiological monitor gauge panel 100 embodiment configured as a GUI (graphical user interface) presented on a monitor display. The gauge panel 100 is depicted as displaying nominal values for each parameter, as described below. Advantageously, a GUI gauge panel presentation of physiological parameters allows medical care providers to quickly view and immediately and intuitively recognize and assess patient status across multiple parameters. Indeed, a familiarity with reading of electrical/mechanical needle gauges is acquired over a lifetime exposure to speedometers, thermometers, tachometers and fuel-level indicators, to name a few.
An exemplar gauge panel configuration displays three half-circle gauges including a SpO2 (oxygen saturation) gauge 101, a SpHb (total hemoglobin) gauge 102 and a SpMet (methemoglobin) gauge 103. Each gauge has a semi-circular face 110 and a parameter value indicator 120 that rotatably travels along each face 110. In particular, each indicator 120 is a visible tip terminating an apparent (unseen) needle that extends from, and rotatably pivots around, a gauge center. See, e.g., FIG. 7, below, illustrating visible needle. The indicator 120 position on the face 110 matches the value of a digital parameter readout 140 of the indicated parameter value. Advantageously, each gauge 101, 102, 103 is configured so that the indicator 120 is at the face mid-point, i.e. straight up as depicted, when the parameter is at a nominal value. In this manner, a caregiver will immediately recognize a patient having one or more abnormal readings and the degree of abnormality across multiple parameters.
As shown in FIG. 1, a low-range-alarm gauge 101 is configured for parameters having alarm limits for only low parameter values. A high-range-alarm gauge 103 is configured for parameters having alarm limits for only high parameter values. A high/low-range-alarm gauge 102 is configured for parameters having alarm limits for both low and high parameter values.
Also shown in FIG. 1, a low-range-alarm gauge 101 embodiment is configured with a left quarter-circle active face 112 depicting a possible range of parameter values. A right quarter-circle inactive face 114 is unused. In an embodiment, the inactive face is depicted as a ghost face, e.g. with a thin or light outline, as shown. In other embodiments, the inactive face is not shown, i.e. the gauge 101 has a quarter-circle face, as described with respect to FIG. 8, below. An alarm region is designated by a curved color bar 150 proximate a low-value range 112 of the face 110. A numerical indicator 152 indicates the maximum value of the alarm region. In an embodiment, the color bar 150 is red. In an embodiment, a second color bar 170 indicates a cautionary region. In an embodiment, the second color bar 170 is yellow.
Further shown in FIG. 1, a high-range-alarm gauge 103 embodiment is configured with a right quarter-circle active face 114 depicting a possible range of parameter values. A left quarter-circle inactive face 112 is unused. In an embodiment, the inactive face is depicted as a ghost face 190 as shown. In other embodiments, the inactive face is not shown. An alarm region is designated by a curved color bar 160 (e.g. red) proximate a high-value range 114 of the face 110. A numerical indicator 162 indicates the minimum value of the alarm region. In an embodiment, a second color bar 180 (e.g. yellow) indicates a cautionary region.
Additionally shown in FIG. 1, a low/high-range-alarm gauge 102 embodiment is configured with a semi-circle active face 112, 114 depicting a possible range of parameter values. A left quarter-circle active face 112 illustrates high range values and a right quarter-circle active face 114 illustrates low range values. Alarm regions are designated by a curved (red) color bars 150, 160 at the high and low parameter ranges, respectively. Numerical indicators 152, 162 indicate the alarm onset regions. In an embodiment, a second (yellow) color bars 170, 180 indicates cautionary regions. In an embodiment, the parameter value indicator 120 is a brightly illuminated white.
FIG. 2 illustrates a physiological monitor gauge panel 200 presenting less than nominal values for each parameter. In particular, each gauge 101, 102, 103 has an indicator located away from a vertical (straight-up) position, as compared with the panel 100 (FIG. 1), described above. Advantageously, the off-vertical indicators 120 immediate signal a caregiver of one or more abnormal readings and the degree of abnormality across multiple parameters.
FIG. 3 illustrates a physiological monitor gauge panel 300 presenting an SpHb parameter gauge 101 that indicates an alarm condition. In particular, the gauge indicator 120 and readout 140 indicate SpHb has dropped below a listed limit of 7. In an embodiment, the alarm condition is advantageously indicated by the red color bar 150 changing to a brightest red illumination and also glowing red, the numerical value 140 changing to solid white, the color of the face 110 border changing to red and the readout background 145 changing to a bright red illumination and also having a red glow. Advantageously, these various visual cues allow a caregiver to quickly recognize the alarming parameter and the severity of the underlying physiological condition of the patient.
FIG. 4 illustrates a parameter gauge 400 presenting an active histogram 410. The histogram has bins 412 evenly distributed around the outer edge of the gauge face 110. The bins 412 are depicted as relatively light, radially extending lines, all of the same length. Bin fill 414 are depicted as relatively dark lines of various lengths coextending with particular ones of the bins 412. The histogram 410 advantageously depicts the amount of time the indicator 120 persists at a given parameter value corresponding to a bin position. The greater amount of time the indicator 120 persists at a given parameter value, the further the histogram fill corresponding to that bin extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the histogram scale. In an embodiment, the histogram 410 extends the full travel range of the indicator 120.
FIG. 5 illustrates a parameter gauge 500 presenting an alarm limit editor. When a user touches an alarm limit number, e.g. 152 (FIG. 1), the alarm limit number and histogram (if enabled) fades out. These are replaced by a dual knob slider 501. The slider 501 has a decreasing value (relative to the center) left side 510 and an increasing value (relative to the center) right side 520. Accordingly, the slider 501 has a corresponding left side knob 512, left side label 514, right side knob 522 and right side label 524. A user can slide each knob 512, 522 with a finger along a slider carve 550. Each label 514, 524 will track with the corresponding knob 512, 522 position, and the value depicted on each label 514, 524 will update as the corresponding knob is moved. The color (red) alarm bars also track and move with the knobs 512, 522. The between-the-knobs carve portion 555 is also colored (black) so as to help identify the knob positions. Half gauges, such as 101 (FIG. 1) and 103 (FIG. 1) having a single (decreasing or increasing) range have a single knob and label accordingly.
FIGS. 6-9 each illustrate various other parameter gauge embodiments. FIG. 6 illustrates a parameter gauge 600 having a gauge face 110 with an apparent edge 610 so as to appear three-dimensional. FIG. 7 illustrates a parameter gauge 700 with an indicator 120 that sits atop a visible needle 125. The needle 125 and corresponding indicator 120 rotate about a gauge center 113. FIG. 8 illustrates a quarter-circle parameter gauge 800, i.e. a gauge without a ghost face 190 (FIG. 1) to indicate an inactive gauge portion. FIG. 9 illustrates a parameter gauge 900 having only red zone alarm regions 150, 160, i.e. without cautionary yellow zone regions 170, 180 (FIG. 1).
A physiological monitor gauge panel has been disclosed in detail in connection with various embodiments. These embodiments are disclosed by way of examples only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims that follow. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate many variations and modifications.

## Claims

1. A pulse oximeter comprising:
a noninvasive sensor that when positioned proximate a measurement site on a monitored patient is configured to output signals responsive to light attenuated by body tissue at the measurement site of the monitored patient;
a signal processor and a display processor, the signal processor configured to process the output signals to determine measurement values responsive to an oxygen saturation of arterial blood of the monitored patient, the display processor configured to receive the measurement values; and
a display responsive to the display processor to present display indicia to a caregiver, the display indicia being responsive to said determined measurement values and the display indicia comprising a gauge panel, the gauge panel comprising:
a gauge face formed as an arc including lowered end portions and a raised center portion between said lowered end portions, said raised center portion including an approximate top center, said gauge face including an active face portion and an inactive face portion, said active face portion including a plurality of positions along said arc, each position mapped to a percentage or range of percentages of said determined measurement values of said oxygen saturation so that the active face portion sweeps through a range of the measurement values, said plurality of positions including positions corresponding to a low range of said determined measurement values, positions corresponding to a cautionary range of said determined measurement values, and positions corresponding to a normal range of said determined measurement values, wherein a top center position of said plurality of positions is located at said approximate top center of said raised center portion of said arc and said top center position corresponds to at least one optimum value of said determined measurement values and corresponds to one end of said active face portion of said arc, said inactive face portion corresponding to an unused portion of the arc of said gauge face;
a digital readout set to a numeric value of a current value of said determined measurement values, said digital readout substantially centered underneath said arc, at least a portion of said digital readout also between said lowered end portions, said active face portion of said arc generally positioned above an approximate side half of the digital readout;
a parameter indicator set to a type of physiological parameter, said type of physiological parameter including oxygen saturation; and
some or all of a radially extending indicator positioned to extend from beneath said top center position radially toward said arc, said radially extending indicator terminating proximate said arc with a designator portion identifying where said current value of said determined measurement values falls along said plurality of positions along said arc.

2. The pulse oximeter according to claim 1, wherein said gauge face further comprises an arced color bar disposed along the arc of said gauge face proximate at least one of the lowered end portions, said color bar indicating an alarm region for said determined measurement values.

3. The pulse oximeter according to claim 2, wherein said gauge face further comprises a second arced color bar disposed along the arc of said gauge face indicating a cautionary region for said determined measurement values.

4. The pulse oximeter according to claim 1, wherein said gauge face further comprises further comprising a histogram having an arcing base disposed along the arc of said gauge face, the histogram including a plurality of bar graphs, each bar graph having a size corresponding to an amount of time said determined measurement values were within a range represented by said bar graph.

5. The pulse oximeter according to claim 1, wherein portions of said gauge face are configured to change from a first non-red color to a red color in response to said determined measurement values being within an alarm range.

6. A pulse oximeter including a display configured to present measurement data to a caregiver through a plurality of gauge faces, the pulse oximeter comprising:
a noninvasive sensor that when positioned proximate a measurement site on a monitored patient is configured to output signals responsive to light attenuated by body tissue at the measurement site of the monitored patient;
a signal processor and a display processor, the signal processor configured to process the output signals to determine measurement values responsive to a plurality of physiological parameters of the monitored patient, the display processor configured to receive said determined measurement values; and
a display responsive to the display processor to present display indicia to a caregiver, the display indicia being responsive to said determined measurement values and the display indicia comprising a plurality of gauge panels, wherein said plurality of gauge panels including a first gauge panel and a second gauge panel,
the first gauge panel comprising:
a first face formed as a first arc including first lowered end portions and a first raised center portion between said first lowered end portions, said first raised center portion including an approximate first top center, said first face including a first active face portion defining the first arc, said first active face portion including a plurality of positions along said first arc, each position mapped to a percentage or range of percentages of one of said determined measurement values so that a sweep through the first active face portion sweeps through a range of possible measurement values for said one of said determined measurement values, said plurality of positions including ones of said positions corresponding to a low range of said determined measurement values for one of said plurality of physiological parameters, others of said positions corresponding to a cautionary range of said determined measurement values for said one of said plurality of physiological parameters; and still others of said positions corresponding to a normal range of said determined measurement values for said one of said plurality of physiological parameters, wherein a first top center position of said plurality of positions is located at said first top center and corresponds to at least one of optimum values of said determined measurement values for one of said plurality of physiological parameters,
a first digital readout set to a numeric value of a current measurement of said one of said determined measurement values for said one of said plurality of physiological parameters, said first digital readout substantially centered underneath said first arc and at least a portion thereof between said first lowered end portions, and
a first parameter indicator set to a type of parameter,

the second gauge panel including:
a second face formed as a second arc substantially the same size as the first arc, said second arc including second lowered end portions and a second raised center portion between said second lowered end portions, said second raised center portion including a second approximate top center, said second face including a second active face portion and an inactive face portion, said second active face portion including a plurality of positions along said second arc, each position mapped to a percentage or range of percentages of said determined measurement values of another of said plurality of physiological parameters so that a sweep through the second active face portion sweeps through a range of possible measurement values for another of said plurality of physiological parameters, said plurality of positions including ones of said positions corresponding to a low range of said determined measurement values, others of said positions corresponding to a cautionary range of said determined measurement values, and still others of said positions corresponding to a normal range of said determined measurement values, wherein a second top center position of said plurality of positions is located in said second top center of said second raised center portion of said second arc and said second top center position corresponds to a maximum value of said determined measurement values, and corresponds to one end of said second active portion of said second arc, wherein said inactive portion corresponding to an unused portion of the second gauge face;
a second digital readout set to a numeric value of a current measurement of said determined measurement values, said second digital readout substantially centered underneath said second arc, where the second active face portion of said second arc is generally positioned above a side half of the second digital readout; and
a second parameter indicator set to a type of parameter.

7. The pulse oximeter according to claim 6, wherein said first gauge face further comprises some or all of a first radially extending indicator positioned to extend from beneath said first top center position radially toward said first arc, said first radially extending indicator terminating proximate said first arc with a first designator portion identifying where said current value of said determined measurement values falls along said plurality of positions along said first arc.

8. The pulse oximeter according to claim 6, wherein said first gauge face further comprises some or all of a first radially extending indicator positioned to extend from beneath said first top center position radially toward said first arc, said first radially extending indicator terminating proximate said first arc with a first designator portion identifying where said current value of said determined measurement values falls along said plurality of positions along said first arc.