1

Filed 11/1/22

CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

In re JEREMY J. FOSTER

on Habeas Corpus.

 A160713

 (Humboldt County

 Super. Ct. Nos. CR2001183, 

 CR974999)

Petitioner Jeremy J. Foster, a state prison inmate, was sentenced in 

1998 to an indeterminate term of 23 years to life in state prison. After the 

Board of Parole Hearings (the Board) found him suitable for parole in 2019, 

the Governor referred the decision to the Board for en banc reconsideration

under Penal Code section 3041.1. The Board then ordered a rescission 

hearing to determine whether the grant of parole was improvident, based on 

the concerns raised by the Governor. 

As was his right under the regulations governing parole rescission 

hearings (and as he had been informed in writing by the Board), Foster 

requested the presence of evidentiary witnesses at the rescission hearing, 

including the author of the Comprehensive Risk Assessment that the 

Governor quoted from and relied on in his referral letter. But the Board 

denied Foster’s request for witnesses, and at the rescission hearing the panel 

rescinded the grant of parole. Foster petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus, 

raising as his primary argument that the Board improperly denied his 

request to subpoena witnesses for the rescission hearing. 
2

In requesting informal opposition to the petition, we specifically asked 

respondent to address the apparent contradiction between the applicable 

statutes and regulations, and the Board’s rationale for denying Foster’s 

request, which was simply that “the Board does not subpoena witnesses for 

rescission hearings conducted as a result of referrals from the Governor 

under Penal Code section 3041.1.” We also noted that the Board’s rationale 

had apparently been previously rejected in In re Johnson (1995) 35 

Cal.App.4th 160, 170-172 (Johnson). We later issued an order to show cause,

and the matter has now been fully briefed and argued. 

We conclude that the Board’s denial of Foster’s request to present 

witnesses violated the Board’s own procedural rules as well as Foster’s due 

process rights. We therefore vacate the Board’s decision to rescind its grant 

of parole, and remand to the Board to conduct a new rescission hearing. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A. Commitment Offenses, Conviction, and Sentencing

We draw our account of Foster’s commitment offenses, plea, and 

sentencing from our opinion affirming the judgment. (People v. Jeremy John 

Foster (Oct. 20, 1999, A083699 & A086456) [nonpub. opn.].) 

On October 20, 1997, two 14-year-old girls were walking toward a 

wooded area near their school when Foster, then 21 years old, approached 

them and drew a knife. He told them to get on the ground and not try to run 

or he would kill or stab them. When one of the girls started to run, he 

grabbed her and flung her to the ground. He ordered the girls to lie face 

down on the ground and told them that if they listened to him, “ ‘they might 

make it out of this.’ ” Then he had them get up, ordered them to look 

forward, and he walked them into the woods, where he told them to remove 

all their clothes and had them lie face down on the ground.
3

Foster poked them in the buttocks with his knife and told them to move 

where he wanted them. He made one girl spread her legs, then pushed his 

fingers into her vagina. Then he penetrated her with “something else” and 

told the other girl that if she made any noise, he would put his knife into her, 

too. He then removed the knife and had the first girl touch his penis and told 

her to put it into herself. He pushed his penis in and out of her vagina, and 

made her touch it again after taking it out. Then he had the other girl touch 

his penis and put it inside her. He could not fully penetrate her, and he 

stopped. Foster then told the girls to count to 100, and that if they got up 

before then he would kill them. He fled the scene. 

In June 1998, Foster entered a negotiated plea of guilty to two counts of 

forcible sexual penetration with a foreign object, one count for each victim. 

(Pen. Code,1 § 289, subd. (a).). He was sentenced to 15 years to life on one of 

the counts, with special allegations including serious-felony status (§ 1192.7, 

subd. (c)(23)) and use of a deadly weapon, a knife, within the meaning of 

section 667.61, subdivisions (b) and (e)(4) (the “one-strike” law). He was 

sentenced to a fully consecutive upper term of eight years on the second 

count, for a total of 23 years to life. 

B. February 2019 Parole Hearing and Subsequent Proceedings

On February 12, 2019, at a parole suitability hearing held under the 

statutes governing inmates serving indeterminate sentences (§ 3041), the 

Board found that Foster was suitable for parole and did not pose an 

unreasonable current risk of danger if released at that time. 

1 All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise 

stated.
4

Governor Gavin Newsom requested reconsideration of the decision to 

grant Foster parole, as he is authorized to do by section 3041.1.

2 In his 

request, the Governor commended Foster for making progress towards 

rehabilitation, but stated that he was not convinced Foster was ready for 

release. The Governor was not convinced that Foster had “properly 

addressed the factors that led him to perpetrate such sexual violence”; was 

“troubled” by Foster’s “continued substance abuse and misconduct in prison,”

including “disrespecting staff on multiple occasions and several violations 

related to drug and alcohol abuse”; and in light of Foster’s recent sobriety, 

was concerned about Foster’s “risk of relapse and its impact on his potential 

for future violence.”3 The Governor wrote that his concerns were supported 

by the Comprehensive Risk Assessment that had been prepared by forensic 

psychologist Steven Arkowitz. The Governor stated, “In finding that Mr. 

Foster represents a moderate risk of future violence, the evaluating 

psychologist noted that, while Mr. Foster has taken responsibility for his 

actions in the life crime and expressed remorse, there ‘is a significant sexual 

component that Mr. Foster seems to have not yet fully addressed.’ ” The 

2 Section 3041.1, subdivision (a) provides, “Any time before an inmate’s 

release, the Governor may request review of a decision by a parole authority 

concerning the grant or denial of parole to any inmate in a state prison. The 

Governor shall state the reason or reasons for the request, and whether the 

request is based on a public safety concern, a concern that the gravity of 

current or past convicted offenses may have been given inadequate 

consideration, or on other factors.”

3 The Governor noted in his referral letter that Foster “admitted to the 

Board that his crimes were a result of self-medication with marijuana and 

methamphetamines. He acknowledged alcohol use until 2007 and marijuana 

use until four years ago. Mr. Foster told commissioners that it was only 

when he lost visits with his father as a result of his 2015 rule violation that 

he finally stopped using.” 
5

Governor further wrote: “The psychologist wrote in 2018[4] that while Mr. 

Foster has recognized his substance abuse problems, he ‘needs to continue to 

address and strengthen his plan to avoid drug and alcohol relapse.’ The 

psychologist found that ‘Mr. Foster has not consistently complied with 

supervision or treatment during his incarceration,’ and noted that ‘it is not 

clear that Mr. Foster would be able to fully comply with supervision and 

programming requirements in the community.’ The psychologist concluded, 

‘Mr. Foster has struggled with emotional and behavioral instability 

throughout his life. While he has made some progress in recent years, he has 

not yet sustained his gains towards greater maturity and personal 

responsibility.’ ” 

The Board ordered a rescission hearing, which was set for October 8, 

2019. 

In July 2019, Foster received a three-page form from the Board entitled 

“Notice of Hearing Rights – Parole Consideration Hearing/Rescission 

Hearing.”5 Enumerated paragraph 5 of the notice bears the bold-faced 

heading “Witnesses,” and states: “You may not call witnesses at a parole 

consideration hearing. [Citation.] At a rescission hearing you may call 

evidentiary witnesses and may request that witnesses (including adverse 

witnesses) be subpoenaed. (15 CCR § 2465.)” Foster’s signature appears on 

the form under a statement that he read and understood his rights, and the 

form is countersigned by a person identified as a “correctional counselor.” 

4 The report was actually dated June 25, 2017. 

5 The footer on the form is “BPH 1002 Notice of Hearing Rights Parole 

Consideration/RESC (Rev. 01/19).” The form appears to have been prepared 

for Foster, since his name and CDCR number are printed at the bottom of 

each page of the form, and his CDCR number is preprinted on the signature 

line at the end of the document. 
6

On August 9, 2019, Foster wrote to the Board asking that four 

evidentiary witnesses be subpoenaed to attend the hearing: Dr. Arkowitz, as 

the author of the 2017 Comprehensive Risk Assessment that was discussed 

in the Governor’s referral letter; Dr. Grasso, a treating staff psychologist at 

the California Men’s Colony who issued a laudatory chronology in January 

2019; Dr. Khoo, a treating psychiatrist; and Governor Newsom, as author of 

the letter initiating the rescission process. Foster stated that all the

witnesses “have information critical in my opportunity to present evidence,” 

and that each of them “has made clear and documented statements, either 

supportive or adverse to my previous grant of parole.”6 

A staff attorney for the Board responded to Foster’s letter on August 

29, 2019, stating that the request for witnesses was denied. The letter 

explained, “Please note, the Board does not subpoena witnesses for rescission 

hearings conducted as a result of referrals from the Governor under Penal 

Code section 3041.1. The focus of the rescission hearing will be evaluating 

the Governor’s concerns in light of the record available at the time of your 

February 12, 2019 grant of parole. The hearing panel will not be gathering 

new evidence during the hearing, such as from witness testimony or from 

asking you questions. Rather, you, your attorney, and the District Attorney 

may make a statement to the hearing panel addressing the concerns 

highlighted in the Governor’s . . . referral letter . . . before the hearing panel 

issues its decision regarding whether there is good cause to rescind your 

grant of parole based on the Governor’s concerns. Evidentiary witnesses are 

6 Foster stated in his letter that he had previously contacted his 

appointed attorney, his assigned staff assistant, and the Board’s “Lifer desk” 

at the California Men’s Colony – East, where he was incarcerated, to 

determine how to exercise his right to call witnesses, but to no avail. 
7

not relevant for conducting the rescission hearing and making the necessary 

determination.” 

Foster attended the October 8, 2019 rescission hearing with his 

appointed counsel. At the beginning of the hearing, the presiding 

commissioner stated that the panel had reviewed Foster’s “central file,” 

including the transcript of the hearing at which Foster was granted parole 

and the Governor’s referral to the Board. The presiding commissioner said, 

“Okay. So it’s mostly a paper review. So, . . . as we read through the, um, 

information, just in case we ask you a question, we’re probably not going to, I 

want to go ahead and swear you in.” Foster was sworn, but no questions 

were posed to him. 

With the preliminaries completed, the presiding commissioner read 

portions of the Governor’s letter, noting that the Governor had identified 

areas in which the evaluation by Dr. Arkowitz supported his concerns;

summarized Foster’s prison disciplinary record; and read from, summarized, 

and described portions of the transcript from the February 2019 hearing at 

which parole had been granted. After Foster’s attorney made a closing 

statement, the panel recessed for deliberation. The hearing, including 

preliminary advisements, had lasted 21 minutes. The panel returned after 

short deliberations to announce its decision. 

The presiding commissioner stated there was good cause to rescind 

Foster’s parole, and continued: “We reviewed the issues raised by the 

Governor’s side, in the Governor’s letter, dated May 15, 2019, and based on 

our review, we have determined that this was an improvident grant. We 

reviewed the information. Um, there was information in regards to the three 

areas, um, of concern, um that Mr. Foster had not properly addressed the 

factors that led him to perpetrate with [sic] such extreme violence. Uh, upon 
8

review, we determined that the granting Panel gave insufficient weight to 

this concern, as noted by the Governor. Um, we also reviewed the rule 

violations, um, those reports that’s the last was in 2015, but went from ’14, 

two in ’14, one in ’13, one in ’12, one at ’10, 70706202 [sic], and 2000. And we 

determined that the granting Panel gave insufficient weight to this concern 

as noted by the Governor. Also, um, the last area of concern was Mr. Foster’s 

risk for relapse and its impact on his potential for future violence. And in our 

record review, we did determine that the granting Panel gave insufficient 

weight to this concern, as noted by the Governor[,] as there was no formal 

discussion about how relapse may impact his potential for violence. And 

certainly without reviewing, um, that and even exploring that area, um, Mr. 

Foster remains an unreasonable risk to the public.” 

In March 2020, Foster petitioned the superior court for a writ of habeas 

corpus, arguing that the Board’s refusal to subpoena witnesses for the 

rescission hearing was a violation of his due process rights. In July 2020, the 

superior court denied the petition as moot, apparently because Foster had 

been denied parole at a suitability hearing held in June 2020. 

In August 2020, Foster filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in this 

court. After we issued our order to show cause, Foster was denied parole at a 

further suitability hearing held in August 2021. 

DISCUSSION

A. Applicable Law 

We summarized the general legal standards in In re Stoneroad (2013) 

215 Cal.App.4th 596: “The Board’s parole authority is governed by a body of 

statutes and regulations as mandated by the Legislature, most notably Penal 

Code section 3041 (section 3041) and title 15, section 2402, of the California 

Code of Regulations. ‘ “Subdivision (b) of section 3041 provides that a release 
9

date must be set ‘unless [the Board] determines that the gravity of the 

current convicted offense or offenses, or the timing and gravity of the current 

or past convicted offense or offenses, is such that consideration of the public 

safety requires a more lengthy period of incarceration for this individual,’ and 

mandates that the Board ‘normally’ set a parole date for an eligible inmate, 

and must do so unless it determines [that] an inmate poses a current threat 

to public safety.” ’ [Citations.] As a result, parole applicants have a ‘due 

process liberty interest in parole’ and ‘an expectation that they will be 

granted parole unless the Board finds, in the exercise of its discretion, that 

they are unsuitable for parole in light of the circumstances specified by 

statute and by regulation.’ [Citations.]” (Id. at p. 615.)

The Board’s broad discretion in parole matters “is subject to the 

prisoner’s right to procedural due process. [Citations.]” (Johnson, supra, 35 

Cal.App.4th at p. 170.) In Johnson, Division Four of this Court discussed the 

specific procedures attendant to a parole rescission hearing: “Both the Penal 

Code and the regulations implementing those provisions promulgated by the 

Board confer very specific procedural rights on the prisoner at the rescission 

hearing. [Citations.] Included is the right to request the presence of 

witnesses . . . . (§ 3041.5; Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, §§ 2465, 2668.) The 

prisoner’s witnesses ‘shall’ be called unless the Board ‘has specific reasons to 

deny this request’ and advises the prisoner of those reasons in writing. 

(§ 2932, subd.(c)(3); see § 3041.5[7]. . . .)” (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at 

p. 170.)

7 Section 3041.5, subdivision (a)(5) states that in a hearing for the 

purpose of rescinding parole, an inmate is afforded the rights set forth in 

section 2932, subdivision (c)(3).
10

The very regulation that was cited to Foster in his Notice of Hearing 

Rights under the heading “Witnesses,” states in its present version, “The 

prisoner shall have the right to request the presence of evidentiary witnesses 

at a rescission hearing. The witnesses shall be called unless the hearing 

panel has specific reason to deny the request. Witnesses shall be screened in 

accordance with the procedures of § 2668. The prisoner may request 

subpoenas . . . as provided in §§ 2675-2682. If denied, the specific reasons for 

denial shall be documented and a copy of the document given to the prisoner. 

During the hearing, the prisoner has the right, under the direction of the 

hearing panel, to question all witnesses.” (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 2465, 

subd. (c).)

The regulations further provide that a request for witnesses “must be 

made sufficiently ahead of the hearing to notify the witnesses and to make 

arrangements to have them present at the hearing.” (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15,

§ 2668, subd. (a)(1).) With respect to evidentiary witnesses, the regulations 

state: “Staff shall determine that the testimony of an evidentiary witness is 

clearly irrelevant before refusing to call the witness. (Examples of irrelevant 

witnesses include a public official having no knowledge of the violation or

witness with no knowledge or evidence in mitigation.) A requested 

evidentiary witness should ordinarily be notified to attend even though the 

testimony may be cumulative, such as where several persons witnessed the 

incident.” (Id., § 2668, subd. (b)(1), italics added.)

The regulations further provide for subpoenas, if necessary. (“A 

subpoena . . . shall be issued when it is necessary to secure the presence of a 

witness . . . for a proceeding. Subpoenas shall be issued for evidence that is 

relevant and material.” (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 2677, subd. (a).) 

“Requests for subpoenas for witnesses shall be screened in accordance with 
11

the procedures of § 2668. . . . [¶] . . . Requests for subpoenas for evidentiary 

witnesses shall ordinarily be granted even though the testimony may be 

cumulative . . . .” (Id., § 2677, subd. (b).) 

We review a due process violation at a parole hearing under the

“harmless beyond a reasonable doubt” standard set forth in Chapman v. 

California (1967) 386 U.S. 18 (Chapman). (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th 

at p. 172.) 

B. Forfeiture

Respondent’s first argument is that Foster forfeited his due process 

challenge by failing to object at the rescission hearing to the denial of his 

request to subpoena witnesses. Respondent asserts that even though the 

Board had rejected his request in writing, Foster was required to raise the 

issue at the hearing to preserve his request. Respondent’s argument relies on 

language in the regulation that provides inmates the “right to request the 

presence of evidentiary witnesses at a rescission hearing.” (Cal. Code Regs., 

tit. 15, § 2465, subd. (c), italics added.) This misreads the regulation. The 

phrase “at a rescission hearing” does not impose any requirement as to when 

the request must be made. Instead, it reflects where the witnesses will be 

present. This commonsense reading is reflected in another regulation stating 

that an inmate’s request for witnesses “must be made sufficiently ahead of 

the hearing to notify the witnesses and to make arrangements to have them 

present at the hearing” (id., § 2668, subd. (a)(1), italics added), and that if the 

Board refuses to call a witness, the inmate “shall be told of the refusal prior 

to the hearing.” (Id., § 2668, subd. (b), italics added.)

Respondent argues that had Foster objected to the denial of his request 

for witnesses at the rescission hearing the Board could have considered it and 

decided whether to request subpoenas at that time. (See Cal. Code Regs., tit. 
12

15, § 2677, subd. (d) [authorizing the rescission panel to request subpoenas 

“as they deem necessary” after the hearing has commenced, with the hearing 

to be continued and rescheduled].) Perhaps, but any objection here would 

have been futile given the Board’s earlier categorical rejection of Foster’s 

request: Foster was informed unequivocally that “the Board does not 

subpoena witnesses for rescission hearings conducted as a result of referrals 

from the Governor under Penal Code section 3041.1.” In any event, we see 

nothing in the regulations that requires a renewed request for witnesses at a 

hearing to preserve a challenge when the request has previously been made 

and denied. 

Nor are we persuaded by respondent’s theory that Foster forfeited his 

due process challenge by not following his attorney’s advice. In September 

2019, after the Board denied Foster’s request to subpoena witnesses, Foster’s 

attorney wrote to him that she had been advised that Foster must “go 

through your Correctional Counselor for your requests for subpoenas.” Even 

if Foster did not follow his attorney’s guidance, as respondent asserts, 

respondent fails to explain why that would constitute a forfeiture of Foster’s 

challenge to the Board’s denial of his request. Nor do the authorities on 

which respondent relies bear on this issue; they address the principle that an 

appellate court will not consider a claim of error that could have been, but 

was not, raised in the trial court. (See People v. Stowell (2003) 31 Cal.4th 

1107, 1114, citing People v. Vera (1997) 15 Cal.4th 269, 276.) That is not this 

case. 

In sum, because Foster requested the Board to subpoena witnesses for 

the rescission hearing and the Board unequivocally denied his request, there 

was nothing more that Foster had to do to preserve his claim of error.
13

C. Mootness

Likewise, we find unpersuasive respondent’s contention that Foster’s 

petition is moot because after the October 2019 rescission hearing he received 

two further parole suitability hearings where he had the opportunity to 

present new information to the Board. Respondent’s position assumes that 

because Foster had the opportunity to present evidence from his requested 

witnesses to rebut the Governor’s concerns there is no effective relief that 

this court could provide him. (See Simi Corp. v. Garamendi (2003) 109 

Cal.App.4th 1496, 1503 [“A case becomes moot when a court ruling can have 

no practical impact or cannot provide the parties with effective relief”].) 

But a suitability hearing is not the same as a rescission hearing. 

Although Foster had the opportunity at his subsequent suitability hearings 

to present documentary evidence from the people he sought to call as 

witnesses at the rescission hearing (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 2249), he did 

not have the right to call them as witnesses to testify and to question them. 

(See § 3041.5, subd. (a)(5) [inmates at rescission hearings have the rights set 

forth in § 2932, subd. (c)(3) & (4)]; see also Cal. Code. Regs., tit. 15, § 2665 [at 

rescission hearing, “[a]ll evidence relevant to the charges or disposition is 

admissible”] & §§ 2666-2682 [concerning evidence and subpoenas in the 

context of rescission hearings].)

Because this court can provide Foster with effective relief by requiring 

the Board to conduct a new recission hearing, Foster’s petition is not moot. 

We now turn to the merits of Foster’s claim that the Board should have 

granted his request for witnesses.

D. Denial of Request to Present Witnesses 

The Board denied Foster’s request for witnesses on the basis of its 

determination that no evidentiary witnesses could provide testimony that 
14

was relevant to the Board’s evaluation of “the governor’s concerns in light of 

the record available at the time of [his] February 12, 2019 grant of parole.” 

The Board’s rationale was rejected in Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at page

172. Although the facts of Johnson are not identical to the facts before us, 

the facts here require the same outcome. 

In Johnson, the petitioner had been found suitable for parole at a 

December 1981 hearing. (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at p. 163.) Years 

later, shortly before Johnson was scheduled to be released on parole, the 

Governor requested the Board to review its decision en banc, citing concerns 

about public safety and the gravity of Johnson’s commitment offenses. (Ibid.) 

The Board ordered a rescission hearing. Among the reasons for its decision to 

order the hearing were the concerns expressed by the Governor in his letter 

requesting en banc review and the fact that “a clinical evaluation of Johnson 

in September of 1981 had concluded that Johnson’s potential for violence on 

parole was unpredictable.” (Id. at pp. 163-164, 165.)

Johnson, who had been released from prison pending the rescission 

hearing, was returned to prison about a year later, after which a rescission 

hearing was held. (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at p. 164.) The Board 

denied Johnson’s request to present witnesses at the rescission hearing,

stating, “ ‘this panel is considering this as a fact-finding phase of the hearing 

related to written evidence and the record that was considered . . . by the 

1981 hearing panel that granted parole.’ ” (Id. at p. 165.) 

The Board rescinded parole, based on its finding that the granting 

panel “gave an improvident grant by not giving adequate weight to all the 

available issues,” specifically, the clinical evaluation “which indicated to the 

Board that Johnson’s release would pose a danger to public safety,” and the 
15

gravity of Johnson’s crimes. (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at pp. 165, 

168.) 

In Johnson, the Court of Appeal found that the Board improperly 

denied Johnson’s request for witnesses. The sole reason the Board gave for 

denying the request was incorrect as a matter of fact, because the Board did 

not confine its review to the record of the 1981 hearing. (Johnson, supra, 35 

Cal.App.4th at p. 171.) The court added, “But even if the Board had limited 

its review to the record of the 1981 hearing, Johnson should have been

permitted to call witnesses whose testimony would have been relevant to

understanding or interpreting that record, including the [clinical evaluation] 

the Board found so important.” (Ibid.) The Court of Appeal concluded that in 

denying Johnson’s request for witnesses the Board violated its own rules and 

“the fundamental tenets of due process which apply to the rescission 

hearing.” (Id. at pp. 171-172.)

The Board here erred in summarily denying Foster’s request for 

witnesses with the statement that “the Board does not subpoena witnesses 

for rescission hearings conducted as a result of referrals from the Governor 

under Penal Code section 3041.1,” and in asserting “[e]videntiary witnesses 

are not relevant for conducting the rescission hearing and making the 

necessary determination.” Just as in Johnson, the Board violated its own 

rules and the tenets of due process in denying Foster’s request to call 

witnesses at his rescission hearing. And under the principles stated in 

Johnson, Foster should have been permitted to call witnesses whose 

testimony would have been relevant to understanding or interpreting the 
16

record before the February 2019 hearing, including Dr. Arkowitz, Dr. Grasso, 

and Dr. Khoo.8 

We cannot find this error to be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. 

The question we must consider under the Chapman standard is whether the 

decision to rescind Foster’s parole made at the October 2019 hearing “ ‘was 

surely unattributable to’ ” the Board’s error in refusing Foster’s request to 

call witnesses. (See People v. Quartermain (1997) 16 Cal.4th 600, 621 

[explaining the Chapman standard as it applies to a guilty verdict at trial].) 

Two of the witnesses Foster sought to call were Dr. Arkowitz, who 

wrote the Comprehensive Risk Assessment that was the principal focus of the 

Governor’s referral letter, and Dr. Grasso, a treating staff psychologist whose 

“laudatory chrono” was also part of the record. Dr. Arkowitz’s evaluation was 

written and approved in June 2017 (not in 2018, as the Governor mistakenly 

stated in his referral). Dr. Grasso’s chrono was dated January 7, 2019, more 

than a year and a half later. Dr. Grasso wrote that Foster “has been on my 

caseload for approximately 13 months” and that he had been meeting with 

Foster in individual sessions once a week for approximately 30 minutes. Dr. 

Grasso described Foster as “a highly intelligent, articulate individual who 

has made every effort to turn his life around and to be someone better than 

the person he was when he initially came to prison. He demonstrates 

remorse for his offense and accepts responsibility for what he has done and 

the harm he has caused to others. It is apparent to me that he has done 

considerable soul-searching and introspection and made a concerted effort to 

8 Foster does not press his claim for the Governor’s testimony, with 

apparent good reason. (See Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 2668, subd. (b)(1) 

[recognizing that public officials are ordinarily “irrelevant” witnesses in 

rescission hearings].) We by no means suggest that such testimony would be 

proper at a rescission hearing on remand.
17

almost literally change his personality to someone that himself, his family, 

and society can be proud of. It has been a pleasure working with him and I 

anticipate nothing but success for him in the future.” 

The passage of time since Dr. Arkowitz had prepared his report was an 

issue raised by the commissioners at the hearing on February 12, 2019 when 

Foster was found suitable for parole. The presiding commissioner remarked 

that Dr. Arkowitz’s report was “one and a half years old” and that it was 

“without benefit of the additional self-help programming that you’ve done . . . 

since that time.” And at the conclusion of that hearing, in announcing the 

Board’s decision that Foster was suitable for parole, the presiding 

commissioner stated, “We do want to note that the Comprehensive Risk 

Assessment, uh, prepared by Dr. Arkowitz finds that you present a 

statistically moderate risk of re-offense in the free community. But we note 

that this, um, is almost two years old and we believe that with your 

continued positive behavior and your continued self-help programming, that 

it may have dropped to a low if it was done, uh, more recently.” 

It does not require any stretch of the imagination to suppose that if Dr. 

Arkowitz had been called as a witness at the rescission hearing to testify 

about the Comprehensive Risk Assessment that had been of concern to the 

Governor, he would have been asked to discuss the conclusions he reached 

back in June 2017 in light of Dr. Grasso’s January 2019 chrono. 

We have no basis to determine what result the panel might have 

reached had it heard testimony from Dr. Arkowitz, or the other professionals 

whom Foster sought to call as witnesses, especially in view of the opacity of 

the panel’s decision, which is highly conclusory and largely restates 

information in the Governor’s referral letter. Nor do we suggest what the 

outcome of the rescission hearing should have been. But we cannot say 
18

beyond a reasonable doubt that Foster’s parole would have been rescinded in 

the absence of error. 

In short, the Board, following its rules, regulations, and procedures, 

found Foster was suitable for parole. The Governor, as was his right, asked 

the Board to reconsider. The Board ordered a rescission hearing and gave 

Foster written notice of his hearing rights, including the right to call

evidentiary witnesses to testify. But when Foster requested evidentiary

witnesses, the Board denied his request, contrary to the applicable 

regulations. 

The appropriate remedy here, as in Johnson, is to order the Board to 

conduct a new rescission hearing in accordance with due process and the 

Board’s rules. (Johnson, supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at p. 172.) If on remand the 

Board limits its review to the evidence available at the February 2019 parole 

hearing, then Foster would be entitled under sections 2465 and 2668 of title 

15 of the California Code of Regulations to call witnesses who can present 

testimony relevant to a reconsideration of the evidence presented at that 

hearing, including at a minimum Dr. Arkowitz, Dr. Grasso, and Dr. Khoo.9 

We need not reach the other issues raised by Foster in his petition. 

9 As was the case in Johnson, we “cannot spell out which . . . witnesses 

would present relevant testimony for the rescission hearing [because] [t]he 

answer depends on the evidence the Board elects to review.” (Johnson, 

supra, 35 Cal.App.4th at p. 172, fn. 10; see also Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, 

§ 2665 [“All evidence relevant to the charges or disposition is admissible in 

parole postponement, rescission and revocation proceedings”].) If the Board 

considers matters that have occurred since the February 2019 hearing, “the 

scope of relevant testimony would be considerably broadened.” (Johnson, 

supra, at p. 172, fn. 10.) 
19

DISPOSITION

The October 8, 2019 decision of the Board to rescind the February 12, 

2019 grant of parole is hereby vacated. The matter is remanded to the Board 

to conduct a new rescission hearing consistent with this opinion.
20

_________________________

Miller, J.

WE CONCUR:

_________________________

Richman, Acting P.J.

_________________________

Stewart, J.

A160713, In re Jeremy J. Foster on Habeas Corpus
21

Court: Humboldt County Superior Court

Trial Judge: Hon. Gregory J. Elvine-Kreis

L. Richard Braucher, under appointment of the Court of Appeal, for 

Petitioner

Rob Bonta, Attorney General; Phillip J. Lindsay, Assistant Attorney General;

Sara J. Romano, Jennifer G. Ross, Deputy Attorneys General, for Respondent

A160713, In re Jeremy J. Foster on Habeas Corpus