# Patent

## Title
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters

## Abstract

The present disclosure relates, inter alia, to compositions and methods for treating viral diseases and cancer. There are disclosed lipophilic antiviral and anticancer acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters, preparation thereof, and methods of using the compounds to treat viral diseases and cancer.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/874,027, filed Oct. 2, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/463,908, filed Aug. 20, 2014, and now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,156,867, which is a continuation U.S. application Ser. No. 14/211,235, filed Mar. 14, 2014, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,835,630, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/793,993, filed Mar. 15, 2013, the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.


STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
This invention was made with government support under grant numbers AI-071803, AI-074057 and EY07366 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The Government has certain rights in the invention.


REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED AS AN ASCII FILE
The Sequence Listing written in file 84537-532C03US_ST25.TXT, created Jun. 8, 2016, 1,997 bytes, machine format IBM-PC, MS-Windows operating system, is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
The present disclosure relates, inter alia, to compositions and methods for treating viral diseases and cancer. In one aspect it relates to lipophilic antiviral and anticancer acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters, preparation thereof, and methods of using the compounds to treat viral diseases and cancer.
Viruses are infectious particles that can replicate their DNA and RNA only within host cells. Viral infections may lead to mild or severe illnesses in humans and mammals. Examples of viral infections include hepatitis B and C, smallpox, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, adenovirus, chickenpox, BK virus, JC virus and precancerous lesions caused by infections with the human papillomavirus (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, vaginal and anal intraepithelial neoplasia). Viral infection may also lead to cancer in humans and other species. Viruses known to cause cancer include but are not limited to human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Vaccination has been successful in preventing infection from many viruses. Antiviral agents are known that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis and viral replication and are used to prevent or treat viral infections in mammals and humans. For example, combinations of antiviral drugs are used to treat AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus and influenza. Despite these successes, viral diseases remain an important public health problem and improved antiviral agents and anticancer agents are needed. For example, there is presently no approved antiviral treatment for human papillomavirus infections.
Many antiviral drugs are nucleoside or nucleotide analogs. Examples of antiviral nucleoside analogs include azidothymidine, acyclovir, ganciclovir, lamivudine and emtricitabine. Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) are a class of nucleotide analogs and are effective antiviral agents. Adefovir, tenofovir and cidofovir (CDV) are ANPs that have been approved for clinical use against human infections with HBV, HIV and CMV, respectively.
ANPs are known in the art not to be absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract of mammals because of their molecular weight and the presence of the double negative charge on the phosphonate. Because of their poor oral pharmacokinetic properties, ANPs are usually converted to prodrugs to produce clinically useful therapeutic agents. It has been demonstrated that masking one or both negative charges with promoieties improves the uptake and transport into the small intestinal enterocytes where the promoiety is cleaved, releasing the ANP into the circulation; examples include tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and adefovir dipivoxil. Another approach is to prepare alkoxyalkyl or alkyl monoesters of ANPs to increase oral bioavailability of the drug. With the alkoxyalkyl ANP monoester approach, side effects may occur when non-targeted tissues such as the small intestine are overexposed. For example, in enterocytes, enzymatic cleavage of the promoiety by a phospholipase C or an acid sphingomyelinase to the ANP may result in local toxicity because of further anabolic phosphorylation to the ANP diphosphate which may inhibit enterocyte DNA synthesis. Lipophilic ANP diester compounds are anticipated to undergo less cleavage from intact prodrug to ANP in the small intestine enterocytes following oral administration reducing GI side effects and releasing more drug substance into the circulation and producing higher levels of the drug substance in the blood.
ANPs or their alkyl or alkoxyalkyl monoesters may exhibit limited uptake in certain target tissues such as the central nervous system. An additional advantage of nucleoside phosphonate diesters is the masking of the remaining negative charge on the phosphonate oxygen with a second masking group which can increase penetration of the drug substance into the central nervous system (CNS) for treatment of CNS viral infections (for example, HIV or JC virus) or for treatment of brain cancers such as glioblastoma. Cancer cells rapidly synthesize DNA and undergo uncontrolled cell division. The lipophilic acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) diester compositions described herein can be metabolized to their diphosphates which inhibit or block DNA synthesis and cell division in target cancer cells, leading to cell death while having substantially lesser effects on non-malignant cells. Exposure of various types of cancer cells to acyclic nucleoside phosphonates diesters may result in much greater cytotoxicity than that observed in normal non-malignant cells. For example, leukemias, lymphomas, brain neoplasms such as glioblastoma and cervical cancer cells may be more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects when exposed to lipophilic ANP diesters than the corresponding non-malignant cell lines. Lipophilic acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters exhibit more selective toxicity, improved access to the central nervous system and effective topical uptake for treatment of skin cancers, viral skin infections, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vaginal and anal intraepithelial dysplasia, venereal warts and related infections caused by the human papillomavirus when compared to acyclic nucleoside phosphonate monoester compositions.
Compounds disclosed herein having both ANP phosphonate negative charges masked with functional groups provide for more effective use as topical agents for treatment of skin cancers and viral infections. In particular, compounds disclosed herein provide for efficacious treatment for infections of the cervical, vaginal, rectal and penile epithelium with the human papilloma virus including the high risk subtypes such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82 which are associated with cervical, rectal, penile and vaginal cancer and venereal warts.
BRIEF SUMMARY
In a first aspect, there is provided a compound with structure of Formula (I),




or stereoisomer, salt, hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof. Regarding Formula (I), L is a lipophilic promoiety, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. R is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl. X is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl.

In another aspect, there is provided a method of treating a viral disease in a subject, including administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating cancer in a subject, including administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for killing or inhibiting the growth of a transformed cell, including contacting a transformed cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating a proliferative disorder in a subject, including administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which includes a compound according to Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesis of a compound with structure of Formula (I) according to Scheme 2 disclosed herein. The method includes contacting a protected nucleoside BNuc with structure of Formula (2-1) with an ester with structure of Formula (2-2) in the presence of a strong base under conditions suitable to afford a monoester with structure of Formula (2-3); and reacting the afforded monoester with L-OH in the presence of a coupling agent, thereby synthesizing a compound with structure of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof:




For Formula (Ia), BNuc(a) can be a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine; La can be an unsubstituted C12-24 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety can be substituted with one or more groups selected from an unsubstituted C13-29 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); Ra can be selected from an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); and Xa can be hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
In another aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition that can include an effective amount of a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating cancer of the cervix in a subject.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound as disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided use of a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating cancer of the cervix in a subject.
In another aspect, there is provided use of a compound as disclosed herein (for example, a compound of Formula (Ia)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of synthesis of a compound with structure of Formula (Ia).



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The FIGURE provides a chromatogram of compound 1a (fast-eluting) and compound 1b (slow eluting), as described in Example 2. X-axis: time (min); Y-axis (milli-absorption units, mAu). Solvent: 50:50:0.1 Water:Acetonitrile:TFA.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I. Definitions
The abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning within the chemical and biological arts. The chemical structures and formulae set forth herein are constructed according to the standard rules of chemical valency known in the chemical arts.
Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulae, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left, e.g., —CH2O— is equivalent to —OCH2—.
As used herein, the term “alkyl,” by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, and includes a straight (i.e., unbranched) or branched chain, or combination thereof, which may be fully saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated and can include di- and multivalent radicals, having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., C1-C10 means one to ten carbons). Alkyl is an uncyclized chain. Examples of saturated hydrocarbon radicals include, but are not limited to, groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, (cyclohexyl)methyl, homologs and isomers of, for example, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, and the like.
An unsaturated alkyl group is one having one or more double bonds (an “alkenyl group”) or triple bonds (an “alkynyl group”). Examples of unsaturated alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, the alkenyl groups vinyl, 2-propenyl, crotyl, 2-isopentenyl, 2-(butadienyl), 2,4-pentadienyl, 3-(1,4-pentadienyl), and the alkynyl groups ethynyl, 1- and 3-propynyl, 3-butynyl, and the higher homologs and isomers.
An alkoxy is an alkyl attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen linker (—O—).
The term “alkylene,” by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a divalent radical derived from an alkyl, as exemplified, but not limited by, —CH2CH2CH2CH2—. Typically, an alkyl (or alkylene) group will have from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or 10 or fewer carbon atoms. A “lower alkyl” or “lower alkylene” is a shorter chain alkyl or alkylene group, generally having eight or fewer carbon atoms.
The term “heteroalkyl,” by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched chain, or combinations thereof, consisting of at least one carbon atom and at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N, P, Si, and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom(s) O, N, P, S, and Si may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Heteroalkyl is an uncyclized chain. Examples include, but are not limited to: —CH2—CH2—O—CH3, —CH2—CH2—NH—CH3, —CH2—CH2—N(CH3)—CH3, —CH2—S—CH2—CH3, —CH2—CH2, —S(O)—CH3, —CH2—CH2—S(O)2—CH3, —CH═CH—O—CH3, —Si(CH3)3, —CH2—CH═N—OCH3, —CH═CH—N(CH3)—CH3, —O—CH3, —O—CH2—CH3, and —CN. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, —CH2—NH—OCH3.
Similarly, the term “heteroalkylene,” by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a divalent radical derived from heteroalkyl, as exemplified, but not limited by, —CH2—CH2—S—CH2—CH2— and —CH2—S—CH2—CH2—NH—CH2—. For heteroalkylene groups, heteroatoms can also occupy either or both of the chain termini (e.g., alkyleneoxy, alkylenedioxy, alkyleneamino, alkylenediamino, and the like). Still further, for alkylene and heteroalkylene linking groups, no orientation of the linking group is implied by the direction in which the formula of the linking group is written. For example, the formula —C(O)2R′— represents both —C(O)2R′— and —R′C(O)2—.
As described above, heteroalkyl groups, as used herein, include those groups that are attached to the remainder of the molecule through a heteroatom, such as —NR′R′′, —OR′, —SR′, and/or —SO2R′. Where “heteroalkyl” is recited, followed by recitations of specific heteroalkyl groups, such as —NR′R′′ or the like, it will be understood that the terms heteroalkyl and —NR′R′′ are not redundant or mutually exclusive. Rather, the specific heteroalkyl groups are recited to add clarity. Thus, the term “heteroalkyl” should not be interpreted herein as excluding specific heteroalkyl groups, such as —NR′R′′ or the like.
The terms “cycloalkyl” and “heterocycloalkyl,” by themselves or in combination with other terms, mean, unless otherwise stated, cyclic versions of “alkyl” and “heteroalkyl,” respectively. Cycloalkyl and heteroalkyl are not aromatic. Additionally, for heterocycloalkyl, a heteroatom can occupy the position at which the heterocycle is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and the like. Examples of heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, 1-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridyl), 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrothien-2-yl, tetrahydrothien-3-yl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, and the like.
A “cycloalkylene” and a “heterocycloalkylene,” alone or as part of another substituent, means a divalent radical derived from a cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, respectively.
The terms “halo” or “halogen,” by themselves or as part of another substituent, mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom. Additionally, terms such as “haloalkyl” are meant to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl. For example, the term “halo(C1-C4)alkyl” includes, but is not limited to, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 3-bromopropyl, and the like.
The term “acyl” means, unless otherwise stated, —C(O)R* where R* is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
The term “aryl” means, unless otherwise stated, a polyunsaturated, aromatic, hydrocarbon substituent, which can be a single ring or multiple rings (preferably from 1 to 3 rings) that are fused together (i.e., a fused ring aryl) or linked covalently. A fused ring aryl refers to multiple rings fused together wherein at least one of the fused rings is an aryl ring.
The term “heteroaryl” refers to aryl groups (or rings) that contain from one to four heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quaternized. Thus, the term “heteroaryl” includes fused ring heteroaryl groups (i.e., multiple rings fused together wherein at least one of the fused rings is a heteroaromatic ring). A 5,6-fused ring heteroarylene refers to two rings fused together, wherein one ring has 5 members and the other ring has 6 members, and wherein at least one ring is a heteroaryl ring. Likewise, a 6,6-fused ring heteroarylene refers to two rings fused together, wherein one ring has 6 members and the other ring has 6 members, and wherein at least one ring is a heteroaryl ring. And a 6,5-fused ring heteroarylene refers to two rings fused together, wherein one ring has 6 members and the other ring has 5 members, and wherein at least one ring is a heteroaryl ring. A heteroaryl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom. Non-limiting examples of aryl and heteroaryl groups include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 5-benzothiazolyl, purinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 5-indolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 5-quinoxalinyl, 3-quinolyl, and 6-quinolyl. Substituents for each of the above noted aryl and heteroaryl ring systems are selected from the group of acceptable substituents described below. An “arylene” and a “heteroarylene,” alone or as part of another substituent, mean a divalent radical derived from an aryl and heteroaryl, respectively.
For brevity, the term “aryl” when used in combination with other terms (e.g., aryloxy, arylthioxy, arylalkyl) includes both aryl and heteroaryl rings as defined above. Thus, the term “arylalkyl” [e.g., aryl(C1-6 alkyl)] is meant to include those radicals in which an aryl group is attached to an alkyl group (e.g., benzyl (Bn), phenethyl, pyridylmethyl, and the like) including those alkyl groups in which a carbon atom (e.g., a methylene group) has been replaced by, for example, an oxygen atom (e.g., phenoxymethyl, 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl, and the like). Thus, the term “heteroarylalkyl” [e.g., heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl)] refers to those radicals in which a heteroaryl group is attached to an alkyl group. The term “heterocycloalkylalkyl” [e.g., heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl)] refers to those radicals in which a heterocycloalkyl is attached to an alkyl group.
The term “oxo,” as used herein, means an oxygen that is double bonded to a carbon atom.
The term “alkylsulfonyl,” as used herein, means a moiety having the formula —S(O2)—R′, where R′ is an alkyl group as defined above. R′ may have a specified number of carbons (e.g., “C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl”).
Each of the above terms (e.g., “alkyl,” “heteroalkyl,” “aryl,” and “heteroaryl”) includes both substituted and unsubstituted forms of the indicated radical. Preferred substituents for each type of radical are provided below.
Substituents for the alkyl and heteroalkyl radicals (including those groups often referred to as alkylene, alkenyl, heteroalkylene, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkenyl) can be one or more of a variety of groups selected from, but not limited to, —OR′, ═O, ═NR′, ═N—OR′, —NR′R′′, —SR′, -halogen, —SiR′R′′R′′′, —OC(O)R′, —C(O)R′, —CO2R′, —CONR′R′′, —OC(O)NR′R′′, —NR′′C(O)R′, —NR′—C(O)NR′′R′′′, —NR′′C(O)2R′, —NR—C(NR′R′′R′′′)═NR′′′′, —NR—C(NR′R′′)═NR′′′, —S(O)R′, —S(O)2R′, —S(O)2NR′R′′, —NRSO2R′, —CN, and —NO2 in a number ranging from zero to (2m′+1), where m′ is the total number of carbon atoms in such radical. R′, R′′, R′′′, and R′′′′ each preferably independently refer to hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., aryl substituted with 1-3 halogens), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkoxy groups, or arylalkyl groups. When a compound includes more than one R group, for example, each of the R groups is independently selected as are each R′, R′′, R′′′, and R′′′′ group when more than one of these groups is present. When R′ and R′′ are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring. For example, —NR′R′′ includes, but is not limited to, 1-pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl. From the above discussion of substituents, one of skill in the art will understand that the term “substituted alkyl” is meant to include groups including carbon atoms bound to groups other than hydrogen groups, such as haloalkyl (e.g., —CF3 and —CH2CF3) and acyl (e.g., —C(O)CH3, —C(O)CF3, —C(O)CH2OCH3, and the like).
Similar to the substituents described for the alkyl radical, substituents for the aryl and heteroaryl groups are varied and are selected from, for example: —OR′, —NR′R′′, —SR′, -halogen, —SiR′R′′R′′′, —OC(O)R′, —C(O)R′, —CO2R′, —CONR′R′′, —OC(O)NR′R′′, —NR′′C(O)R′, —NR′—C(O)NR′′R′′′, —NR′′C(O)2R′, —NR—C(NR′R′′R′′′)═NR′′′′, —NR—C(NR′R′′)═NR′′′, —S(O)R′, —S(O)2R′, —S(O)2NR′R′′, —NRSO2R′, —CN, —NO2, —R′, —N3, —CH(Ph)2, fluoro(C1-C4)alkoxy, and fluoro(C1-C4)alkyl, in a number ranging from zero to the total number of open valences on the aromatic ring system; and where R′, R′′, R′′′, and R′′′′ are preferably independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. When a compound includes more than one R group, for example, each of the R groups is independently selected as are each R′, R′′, R′′′, and R′′′′ groups when more than one of these groups is present.
Two or more substituents may optionally be joined to form aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl groups. Such so-called ring-forming substituents are typically, though not necessarily, found attached to a cyclic base structure. In embodiments, the ring-forming substituents are attached to adjacent members of the base structure. For example, two ring-forming substituents attached to adjacent members of a cyclic base structure create a fused ring structure. In another embodiment, the ring-forming substituents are attached to a single member of the base structure. For example, two ring-forming substituents attached to a single member of a cyclic base structure create a spirocyclic structure. In yet another embodiment, the ring-forming substituents are attached to non-adjacent members of the base structure.
Two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally form a ring of the formula -T-C(O)—(CRR′)q—U—, wherein T and U are independently —NR—, —O—, —CRR′—, or a single bond, and q is an integer of from 0 to 3. Alternatively, two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -A-(CH2)r—B—, wherein A and B are independently —CRR′—, —O—, —NR—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, —S(O)2NR′—, or a single bond, and r is an integer of from 1 to 4. One of the single bonds of the new ring so formed may optionally be replaced with a double bond. Alternatively, two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula —(CRR′)s—X′— (C′′R′′′)d—, where s and d are independently integers of from 0 to 3, and X′ is —O—, —NR′—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, or —S(O)2NR′—. The substituents R, R′, R′′, and R′′′ are preferably independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
As used herein, the terms “heteroatom” or “ring heteroatom” are meant to include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si).
A “substituent group,” as used herein, means a group selected from the following moieties:

    
    
        (A) —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CN, —CF3, —NO2, oxo, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, and
        (B) alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, substituted with at least one substituent selected from:
        
            (i) oxo, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CN, —CF3, —NO2, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, and
            (ii) alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, substituted with at least one substituent selected from:
            
                (a) oxo, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CN, —CF3, —NO2, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, and
                (b) alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, substituted with at least one substituent selected from: oxo, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CN, —CF3, —NO2, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, and unsubstituted heteroaryl.
            
            
        
        
    
    


A “size-limited substituent” or “size-limited substituent group,” as used herein, means a group selected from all of the substituents described above for a “substituent group,” wherein each substituted or unsubstituted alkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C29 alkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 30 membered heteroalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 8 membered heterocycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, and each substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl.
A “lower substituent” or “lower substituent group,” as used herein, means a group selected from all of the substituents described above for a “substituent group,” wherein each substituted or unsubstituted alkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered heterocycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, and each substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 9 membered heteroaryl.
In embodiments, each substituted group described in the compounds herein is substituted with at least one substituent group. More specifically, in embodiments, each substituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted alkylene, substituted heteroalkylene, substituted cycloalkylene, substituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted arylene, and/or substituted heteroarylene described in the compounds herein are substituted with at least one substituent group. In embodiments, at least one or all of these groups are substituted with at least one size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, at least one or all of these groups are substituted with at least one lower substituent group.
In embodiments of the compounds herein, each substituted or unsubstituted alkyl may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 30 membered heteroalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 8 membered heterocycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, and/or each substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl. In embodiments of the compounds herein, each substituted or unsubstituted alkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 30 membered heteroalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 8 membered heterocycloalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted arylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene, and/or each substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 10 membered heteroarylene.
In embodiments, each substituted or unsubstituted alkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered heterocycloalkyl, each substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl, and/or each substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 9 membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, each substituted or unsubstituted alkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 7 membered heterocycloalkylene, each substituted or unsubstituted arylene is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene, and/or each substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene is a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 9 membered heteroarylene.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” is meant to include salts of the active compounds that are prepared with relatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein. When compounds described herein contain relatively acidic functionalities, base addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic amino, or magnesium salt, or a similar salt. When compounds described herein contain relatively basic functionalities, acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, maleic, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, lactic, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, oxalic, methanesulfonic, and the like. Also included are salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galactunoric acids and the like (see, for example, Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66:1-19). Certain specific compounds described herein contain both basic and acidic functionalities that allow the compounds to be converted into either base or acid addition salts.
Thus, the compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] may exist as salts, such as with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, maleates, acetates, citrates, fumarates, tartrates (e.g., (+)-tartrates, (−)-tartrates, or mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures), succinates, benzoates, and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid. These salts may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
The neutral forms of the compounds can be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner. The parent form of the compound differs from the various salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents.
In addition to salt forms, compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] can be in a prodrug form. Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide a compound described herein. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to a compounds described herein by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to a compounds described herein when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent. The term “promoiety” is meant to refer to a chemical entity reversibly attached to the drug that improves an aspect of drug performance by masking a problematic functional group.
Certain compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are encompassed. Certain compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are equivalent for the uses contemplated and are intended.
Certain compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] can possess asymmetric atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers, tautomers, geometric isomers, and individual isomers are encompassed. The compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] do not include those that are known in the art to be too unstable to synthesize and/or isolate.
The compounds described herein [for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)] may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H), iodine-125 (125I), or carbon-14 (14C). All isotopic variations of the compounds, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed.
The symbol “” denotes the point of attachment of a chemical moiety to the remainder of a molecule or chemical formula.
II. Compounds
In a first aspect, there is provided a compound with structure of Formula (I):




or stereoisomer, salt, hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof. For the compound with structure of Formula (I), BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base, or analog thereof; L is a lipophilic promoiety, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; R is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl; and X is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl.

In embodiments, the compound is a stereoisomer with the structure of Formula (I). In embodiments, the compound is a salt of a compound with the structure of Formula (I). In embodiments, the compound is a solvate of a compound with the structure of Formula (I). In embodiments, the compound is a crystalline form of a compound with the structure of Formula (I).
The terms “naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base” and the like refer, in the usual and customary sense as employed in the art, to purine or pyrimidine bases, e.g., guanine, adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, or 2,6-diaminopurine. Attachment of the naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base can be at any available site, e.g., guanin-9-yl, adenine-9-yl, cytosine-1-yl, thymin-1-yl, uracil-1-yl, 2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl, and the like. When attached to the remainder of the compounds described herein, the naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base is in monovalent from (the form of a chemical moiety or substituent as known in the art).
The terms “analog of naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base” and the like refer, in the usual and customary sense, to a chemical analog of a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base, as known in the art. When attached to the remainder of the compounds described herein, the analog of naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base is in monovalent from (the form of a chemical moiety or substituent as known in the art).
Accordingly, in embodiments, BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base. In embodiments, BNuc is a naturally occurring purine base. In embodiments, BNuc is a naturally occurring pyrimidine base. In embodiments, BNuc is an analog of a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base. In embodiments, BNuc is an analog of a naturally occurring base. In embodiments, BNuc is an analog of a naturally occurring pyrimidine base.
The terms “lipophilic promoiety” and the like refer to a chemical moiety which imparts increased lipophilicity when incorporated into a compound with structure of Formula (I). In embodiments, the lipophilic promoiety is a substituted or unsubstituted C8-24 alkyl. In embodiments, the lipophilic promoiety is a substituted or unsubstituted C8-24 heteroalkyl. In embodiments, the lipophilic promoiety is a substituted or unsubstituted C8-24 alkoxyalkyl. Exemplary lipophilic promoieties include glyceryl moieties having substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and/or substituted or unsubstituted aryl substituents. In embodiments, substitution at a glyceryl moiety is via O-substitution with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and/or via O-substitution with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. Thus, the lipophilic promoiety, L, imparts lipophilicity and therefore may include glyceryl ether linked compounds (e.g., 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl) wherein the hydrogens of the glyceryl hydroxyls are replaced with substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups that do not impart hydrophilicity, and the carbons atoms of the glyceryl are not further substituted. In some embodiments, L is an O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
In some embodiments, L is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or an O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, L is an O-substituted glyceryl. In one embodiment L is 1-O-alkyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl. In embodiments, L is 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl. In embodiments, L is an unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, L is a size-limited unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, L is C8-24 alkyl. In embodiments, L is an unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, L is a size-limited unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, L is C8-24 heteroalkyl. In embodiments, L is an unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl. In embodiments, L is a size-limited unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl. In embodiments, L is C8-24 alkoxyalkyl.
In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl. In embodiments, R is an O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR3)—CH2(OR4) (III), wherein R3 and R4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted lower alkyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted lower heteroaryl. In embodiments, R is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl. In embodiments, R is C1-8 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, R is C1-8 substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, R is C4-8 substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is C4-8 substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is C6-10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is C6-10 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In embodiments, R is C1-8 unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, R is C2-8 unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, R is C4-8 unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is C4-8 unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In embodiments, R is C6-10 unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, R is C6-10 unsubstituted heteroaryl.
In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted glyceryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted phenyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted naphthyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted benzyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted glyceryl. In embodiments, R is a substituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted phenyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted naphthyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted benzyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted glyceryl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted hexopyranosyl.
In embodiments, X is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl. In embodiments, X is hydrogen. In embodiments, X is a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl. In embodiments, X is a substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl. In embodiments, X is an unsubstituted lower alkyl. In embodiments, X is an unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl. In embodiments, X is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, X is a size-limited substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, X is a size-limited unsubstituted alkyl. In embodiments, X is a size-limited unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In embodiments, X is methyl. In embodiments, X is methoxymethyl. In embodiments, X is hydroxymethyl. In embodiments, X is fluoromethyl.
In embodiments, the compound with structure of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (I-1):




For the compound with structure of Formula (I-1), BNuc is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) disclosed herein.
In embodiments, L is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) described herein. In embodiments, L is octadecyloxyethyl, hexadecyloxypropyl, or 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl. In embodiments, L is octadecyloxyethyl. In embodiments, L is hexadecyloxypropyl. In embodiments, L is 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl.
In embodiments, R is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formula (I) described herein. In embodiments, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted glyceryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted phenyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted naphthyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted benzyl. In embodiments, R is a substituted glyceryl. In embodiments, R is a substituted hexopyranosyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted phenyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted naphthyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted benzyl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted glyceryl. In embodiments, R is an unsubstituted hexopyranosyl.
In embodiments, the compound with structure of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (I-2):




For the compound with structure of Formula (I-2), in one embodiment BNuc is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-1) disclosed herein.
In embodiments, L is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-1) described herein.
In embodiments, R is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-1) described herein.
In embodiments, the compound with structure of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (I-3):




For the compound with structure of Formula (I-3), in one embodiment BNuc is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-2) disclosed herein.
In embodiments, L is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-2) described herein.
In embodiments, R is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-2) described herein.
In embodiments, the compound with structure of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (I-4):




For the compound with structure of Formula (I-4), in one embodiment BNuc is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-3) disclosed herein.
In embodiments, L is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-3) described herein.
In embodiments, R is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-3) described herein.
In embodiments, the compound with structure of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (I-5):




For the compound with structure of Formula (I-5), in one embodiment BNuc is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-4) disclosed herein.
In embodiments, L is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-4) described herein.
In embodiments, R is as described for any of the embodiments of the compound of Formulae (I)-(I-4) described herein.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof:




For this aspect, BNuc(a) can be a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine. La can be an unsubstituted C12-24 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety. The glyceryl moiety may be substituted with one or more groups selected from an unsubstituted C13-29 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl). Ra can be selected from an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl). Xa can be hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
In embodiments, Xa can be hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy. In embodiments, Xa can be hydrogen. In embodiments, Xa can be an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In embodiments, Xa can be methyl. In embodiments, Xa can be a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl. In embodiments, Xa can be —CH2OH. In embodiments, X can be an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy. In embodiments, Xa can be methoxy. In embodiments, Xa can be a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl. In embodiments, Xa can be a fluoro substituted C1-6 alkyl. In embodiments, Xa can be —CH2F.
Further to any embodiment above, in embodiments La can be an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl. In embodiments, La can have the structure —(CH2)1-6—O—(CH2)11-21—CH3. In embodiments, La can have the structure —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)17—CH3. In embodiments, La can have the structure —(CH2)3—O—(CH2)15—CH3. In embodiments, La can have the structure —(CH2)1-6—O—(CH2)10-20—(CHCH3)—CH3.
Further to any embodiment above, in embodiments La can be a substituted glyceryl moiety. In embodiments, La can have the structure —(CH2)—CH(ORa1)—(CH2)—O(CH2)11-21—CH3, wherein Ra1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiment, Ra1 can be a substituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiment, Ra1 can be an unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiment, Ra1 can be a substituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiment, Ra1 can be an unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl).). In embodiment, Ra1 can be a substituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiment, Ra1 can be an unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl).
In embodiments, La can have the structure




Further to any embodiment of the compound of Formula (Ia), in embodiments Ra can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In embodiments, the substituted aryl can be a substituted phenyl. In embodiments, the unsubstituted aryl can be an unsubstituted phenyl. In embodiments, the substituted aryl can be a substituted naphthyl. In embodiments, the unsubstituted aryl can be an unsubstituted naphthyl.
Further to any embodiment of the compound of Formula (Ia), in embodiments Ra can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiments, the substituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl) can be a substituted benzyl. In embodiments, the unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl) can be an unsubstituted benzyl.
Further to any embodiment of the compound of Formula (Ia), in embodiments Ra can be a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl). In embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl) is a substituted or unsubstituted galactosyl.
Further to any embodiment of the compound of Formula (Ia), in embodiments BNuc(a) can be a naturally occurring purine. In embodiments, BNuc(a) can be a naturally occurring pyrimidine. In embodiments, BNuc(a) can be a non-naturally occurring purine. In embodiments, BNuc(a) can be a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine. The term “non-naturally occurring” and the like, in the context of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside BNuc(a) groups, refers to moieties having a purine or pyrimidine core and additional chemical modifications not found in naturally occurring systems. Examples of purines include adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid, isoguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine. Examples of pyrimidines include cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
In embodiments, BNuc(a) can be selected from:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) can have the structure:




In embodiments, the compound can be selected from:













or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form of any of the foregoing.

As can be seen from Formulae (I) and (Ia), there are many embodiments. For example, there are disclosed embodiments directed to a compound of Formula (I) and a compound of Formula (Ia) based on the identity of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate scaffold. This is not intended to be an explicit or implicit admission that the embodiments are independent or distinct nor should it be interpreted as such. Rather, it is intended to convey information so that the full breadth of Formulae (I) and (Ia) can be understood. Furthermore, the following embodiments, and aspects thereof, are not meant to be limiting on the full breadth of the structure of Formula (I) and/or the structure of Formula (Ia).
Tables 1-10 following disclose structures contemplated herein. The structures of Tables 1-10 and are not intended to be limiting on the full breadth of the contemplated compounds represented by the structure of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and (Ia). Moreover, it is contemplated that any one of the contemplated acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) scaffolds (PME-, (R)-PMP-, (S)-MPMP-, (S)-HPMP- and (S)-FPMP-) or their stereoisomers, can be used in combination with any of the contemplated combinations of naturally occurring or modified purine or pyrimidine base (BNuc/BNuc(a), L/La and R/Ra. Additionally, as the phosphorus atom of the ANP diester is a potential chiral center, it is understood that Rp and Sp (i.e., Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature as known in the art) stereochemical configurations are possible. Therefore, the structures below include stereochemical configurations possible for phosphorus.







TABLE 1







Phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) diester compounds








 













Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





 
 1-(RP, Sp)
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



 1a (fast)
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



 1b (slow)
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



 2
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



 3
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



 4
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



 5
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



 6
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



 7
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



 8
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



 9
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



10
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



11
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



12
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



13
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



14
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



15
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



16
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-phosphonomethoxy-







ethyl)thymine



17
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-phosphonomethoxy-







ethyl)uracil



18
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
enzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-phosphonomethoxy-




9-yl


ethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine



19
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



20
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



21
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



22
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



23
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



24
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



25
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



26
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



27
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



28
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



29
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



30
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



31
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



32
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



33
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



34
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



35
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



36
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-







diaminopurine



37
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



38
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



39
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



40
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



41
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



42
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



43
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



44
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



45
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



46
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



47
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



48
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



49
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



50
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



51
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



52
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



53
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



54
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-







diaminopurine



55
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



56
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



57
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



58
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



59
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



60
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



61
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



62
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



63
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



64
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



65
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



66
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



67
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine



68
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine



69
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine



70
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine



71
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(2-







phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil



72
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-







diaminopurine
















TABLE 2







(R)-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(R)-PMP] diester compounds








 













Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





 
 73
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



 74
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



 75
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



 76
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



 77
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



 78
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



 79
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



 80
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



 81
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



 82
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



 83
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



 84
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



 85
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



 86
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



 87
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



 88
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



 89
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



 90
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



 91
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



 92
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



 93
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



 94
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



 95
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



 96
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



 97
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



 98
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



 99
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



100
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



101
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



102
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



103
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



104
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



105
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



106
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



107
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



108
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



109
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



110
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



111
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



112
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



113
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



114
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



115
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



116
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



117
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



118
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



119
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



120
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



121
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



122
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



123
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



124
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



125
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



126
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn 




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



127
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



128
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



129
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



130
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



131
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



132
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-




diaminopurin-


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



133
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-







[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



134
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-







[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



135
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-







[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



136
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-







[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



137
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-







[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



138
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-




diaminopurin-


[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-




9-yl


diaminopurine



139
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



140
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



141
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



142
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



143
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



144
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine
















TABLE 3







(S)-3-methoxy-2-phosphonmethoxypropyl [(S)-MPMP] diester compounds








 













Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





 
145
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



146
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



147
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



148
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



149
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



150
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



151
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



152
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



153
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



154
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



155
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



156
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



157
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



158
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



159
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



160
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



161
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



162
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



163
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



164
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



165
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



166
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



167
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



168
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



169
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



170
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



171
cytosine-1-yl 
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



172
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



173
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



174
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



175
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



176
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



177
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



178
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



179
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



180
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



181
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



182
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



183
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



184
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



185
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



186
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



187
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



188
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



189
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



190
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



191
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



192
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



193
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



194
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



195
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



196
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



197
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn





benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



198
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
ethyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



199
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



200
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



201
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



202
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



203
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-







methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



204
2,6-
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-




diaminopurin-


methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



205
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-







[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



206
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-







[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



207
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-







(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



208
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-







[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



209
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-







[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



210
2,6-
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-




diaminopurin-


[(3-methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine



211
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine



212
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine



213
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine



214
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine



215
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-





benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-







phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil



216
2,6-
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-




diaminopurin-
benzyl-sn glyceryl

sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-




9-yl


phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-







diaminopurine
















TABLE 4







(S)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(S)-HPMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
Bnuc/BNac(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





217
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


218
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


219
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


220
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


221
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


222
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


223
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl-9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


224
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


225
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


226
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


227
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


228
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


229
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


230
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


231
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


232
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


233
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


234
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


235
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


236
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


237
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


238
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


239
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


240
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


241
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


242
adenini-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


243
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


244
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


245
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


246
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


247
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


248
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


249
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


250
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


251
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


252
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


253
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


254
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


255
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


256
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


257
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


258
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


259
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


260
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


261
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


262
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


263
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


264
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


265
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


266
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


267
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


268
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


269
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


270
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


271
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


272
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


273
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydrox-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


274
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


275
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


276
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


277
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


278
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


279
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


280
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


281
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


282
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-






[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


283
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


284
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


285
cytosine
1-O-ctadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


286
thymine-1-yl
1-O-ctadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)porpyl]thymine


287
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


288
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine
















TABLE 5







(S)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(S)-FPMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNac(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





289
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


290
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


291
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


292
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluor -2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


293
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


294
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
benzyl
benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






lfuoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


295
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


296
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


297
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


298
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


299
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


300
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
benzyl
benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


301
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)porpyl]guanine


302
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


303
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


304
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


305
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


306
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
benzyl
benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


307
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


308
adenine-3-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


309
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


310
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


311
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


312
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
phenyl
phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






dimainopurine


313
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


314
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


315
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxyporpyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


316
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


317
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


318
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
phenyl
phenyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


319
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


320
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


321
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


322
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


323
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


324
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
phenyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


325
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


326
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


327
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


328
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


329
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


330
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
ethyl
ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


331
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


332
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


333
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


334
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


335
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


336
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
ethyl
ethyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


337
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


338
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


339
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


340
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


341
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
ethyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


342
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
ethyl
phenyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


343
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


344
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


345
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


346
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluroo-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


347
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


348
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
galactosyl
galactosyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


349
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-






[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


350
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)--






[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


351
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


352
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


353
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-






[(3-fluoro-2






phosphomethoxy)propyl]uracil


354
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
galactosyl
galactosyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-






[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


355
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


356
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-beznyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


357
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


358
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


359
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


360
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
galactosyl
galactosyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine
















TABLE 6







Phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) diester compounds








 











Cmpd






No.
BNuc/BNuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





361
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine


362
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine


363
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloethyl 1-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine


364
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine


365
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil


366
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-






diaminopurine


367
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine


368
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine


369
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine


370
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)thymine


371
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)uracil


372
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-






diaminopurine


373
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine


374
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine


375
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 1-(2-






phosphonomethoxyethyl)cytosine


376
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 1-(2-phosphonomethoxy-






ethyl)thymine


377
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(2-phosphonomethoxy-






ethyl)uracil


378
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-






sn glyceryl 9-(2-phosphonomethoxy-






ethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine
















TABLE 7







(R)-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(R)-PMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNac(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





379
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


380
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


381
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


382
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


383
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


384
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


385
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-






[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


386
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-






[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


387
cytosine-1-yl
hexadeycloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexahydecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-






[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


388
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-






[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


389
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
napthhyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(R)-






[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


390
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(R)-






[(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


391
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


392
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


393
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


394
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


395
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


396
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(R)-[(2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine
















TABLE 8







(S)-3-methoxy-2-phosphonmethoxypropyl [(S)-MPMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





397
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


398
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


399
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethxy)propyl]cytosine


400
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


401
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


402
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomnethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


403
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


404
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


405
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


406
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


407
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


408
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecycloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


409
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


410
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


411
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


412
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


413
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


414
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-methoxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine
















TABLE 9







(S)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(S)-HPMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
BNuc/Nuc(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





415
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


416
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


417
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


418
thumin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[93-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


419
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


420
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


421
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


422
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


423
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


424
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hxadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


425
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


426
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


427
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


428
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


429
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


430
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


431
uracil-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


432
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine
















TABLE 10







(S)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl [(S)-FPMP] diester compounds








 











Cmpd No.
BNuc/BNac(a)
L/La
R/Ra
Name





433
guanin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


434
adenine-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-20






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


435
cytosine-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


436
thymin-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluor -2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


437
uracil-1-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


438
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
octadecyloxyethyl
naphthyl
naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl[2,6-






diaminopurine


439
guanin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


440
adenine-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


441
cytosine-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


442
thymin-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxpropyl 1-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


443
uracil-1-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 1-(S)-[3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


444
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
hexadecyloxypropyl
naphthyl
naphthyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(S)-[(3-






fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine


445
guanin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine


446
adenine-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine


447
cytosine-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine


448
thymin-1-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine


449
uracil-1-yl
1-O-olctadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn






glyceryl 1-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil


450
2,6-diaminopurin-9-yl
1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn glyceryl
naphthyl
naphthyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benyzl-sn






glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-fluoro-2-






phosphonomethoxy)propyl]2,6-






diaminopurine









Specific compounds contemplated herein include:







III. Methods of Use
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating a viral disease in a subject. The method includes administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound with structure of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia). In embodiments, L/La of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia) is a lipophilic promoiety.
Exemplary viral diseases include human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus (smallpox), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, any double stranded DNA virus, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and the like. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) can be administered to a human or mammal in need of treatment of a viral disease.
In embodiments, the compound is administered by a route (topical, intravitreal, oral, intravenous etc.) which results in delivery of an amount sufficient to inhibit replication of the virus. In embodiments, the compound can be administered topically. For example, the compound can be administered topically in the form of a cream, a gel or an ointment
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method including administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound with structure of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia). Aspects for the treatment of cancer and other neoplastic disorders contemplated herein are based on the surprising discovery that compounds of Formulae (I) and/or (Ia) are effective in killing or inhibiting growth of cells that are transformed by human papillomavirus (HPV), for example cervical cancer cells and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions. Accordingly, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia) can be administered by an appropriate route (topical, orally, intravenous etc.) to kill or inhibit growth of infected/transformed cells. Cells that are transformed by other types of viruses, such as herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), also may be treated with a compound of Formula (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating cancer in a subject. The method includes administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound with the structure of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia). In embodiments, L/La of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia) is a lipophilic promoiety.
In embodiments, the cancer is leukemia, carcinoma and/or sarcoma, such as cancer of the brain, breast, cervix, colon, pancreas, head and neck, liver, kidney, lung, non-small cell lung, prostate, melanoma, mesothelioma, ovary, sarcoma, stomach, uterus and/or medulloblastoma. Additional examples include, Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, primary thrombocytosis, primary macroglobulinemia, primary brain tumors, malignant pancreatic insulinoma, malignant carcinoid, urinary bladder cancer, premalignant skin lesions, testicular cancer, lymphomas, thyroid cancer, neuroblastoma, esophageal cancer, genitourinary tract cancer, malignant hypercalcemia, endometrial cancer, adrenal cortical cancer, and neoplasms of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. In embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and/or non-small-cell lung cancer.
In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating a proliferative disorder in a subject. The method includes administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound with the structure of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia). The proliferative disorder may be caused by the human papilloma virus. Exemplary proliferative disorders include, e.g., cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), or penile and venereal warts. In embodiments, L/La of any of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia) is a lipophilic promoiety.
In another aspect, there is provided a method for killing or inhibiting the growth of a transformed cell. The method includes contacting a transformed cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of Formulae (I), (I-1), (I-2), (I-3), (I-4), (I-5) and/or (Ia).
In another aspect, there is provided a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease can be selected from human papilloma virus (HPV), HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In embodiments, the virus can be human papilloma virus. According to the CDC, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). HPV viruses can be classified into mucosal and cutaneous HPVs. Within each of these groups, the individual viruses are designated high risk or low risk. More than 40 types of HPV's can infect the genital areas of women and men, and several HPV types can infect the mouth and throat. Additionally, HPV is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Type 16 is one of the most prominent strains of HPV and can cause cervical cancer. Other types of HPVs include, but are not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 63, 66, 68, 69 and 82. In embodiments, the use is for treating a plurality of types of human papilloma virus, for example, types described herein. In embodiments, the use is for more than 2 types of HPV, more than 5 types of HPV or more than 10 types of HPV. In embodiments, the human papilloma virus can be selected from human papilloma virus type 11, type 16 and type 18.
In another aspect, there is provided use of a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In embodiments, the virus can be human papilloma virus. In embodiments, the use is for treating a plurality of types of human papilloma virus, for example, types described herein. In embodiments, the use is for more than 2 types of HPV, more than 5 types of HPV or more than 10 types of HPV. In embodiments, the human papilloma virus can be selected from human papilloma virus type 11, type 16 and type 18.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of treating a subject having a viral disease. The method include administering to the subject having a viral disease in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, wherein the viral disease can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, thereby treating the viral disease.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating cancer of the cervix in a subject. In some embodiments, the cancer of the cervix can be caused by a HPV infection, for example, a HPV infection of type 16.
In another aspect, there is provided use of a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating cancer of the cervix in a subject. In some embodiments, the cancer of the cervix can be caused by a HPV infection, for example, a HPV infection of type 16.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of treating a subject having cancer of the cervix. The method includes administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, to a subject having cancer of the cervix in need thereof, thereby treating the subject having cancer of the cervix. In some embodiments, the cancer of the cervix can be caused by a HPV infection, for example, a HPV infection of type 16.
In another aspect, there is provided a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided use of a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus. The method includes contacting a compound of Formula (Ia) or embodiment thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, with a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus can be selected from human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, thereby inhibiting growth of the cell transformed by a virus.
IV. Methods of Synthesis
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesis of compounds of Formula (I), as depicted in Scheme 1 following. For Scheme 1, substituents BNuc, X, R and L are as described for Formula (I) herein.
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesis of compounds of Formula (Ia), as depicted in Scheme 1a following. For Scheme 1a, substituents BNuc(a), Xa, Ra and La are as described for Formula (Ia) herein.
The method includes reacting a suitably substituted ANP monoester with R—OH or Ra—OH in the presence of a coupling agent such as (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®) to give a diester. Methods for preparing the ANP monoesters are well known. For examples, see Beadle, J. R et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 49:2010-2015, and Valiaeva, N. et al. Antiviral Research, 2006, 72:10-19. The use of PYBOP® for synthesis of phosphonate diesters was first described in Campagne, J-M. et al. Tetrahedron Letters, 1993, 34:6743-6744. Other coupling/condensation reagents, for example uronium, carbodiimide, imidazolium and acid chloride reagents, may also be used (for a review of coupling agents see, e.g., El-Faham, A. & Albericio, F. Chemical Reviews, 2011, 111:6557-6602).








In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesis of compounds of Formula (I). The method includes the steps provided in Scheme 2 following:




In the method of Scheme 2, BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base, or analog thereof; L is a lipophilic promoiety, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; R is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl; X is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl; and Y is a leaving group.
The method includes: 1) contacting a protected nucleoside BNuc with structure of Formula (2-1) with an ester with structure of Formula (2-2) in the presence of a strong base under conditions suitable to afford a monoester with structure of Formula (2-3); and 2) reacting the monoester so formed with structure of Formula (2-3) with L-OH in the presence of a coupling agent as known in the art, thereby synthesizing a compound with structure of Formula
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesis of compounds of Formula (Ia). The method includes the following as provided in Scheme 2a. For Scheme 2a, substituents BNuc(a), Xa, Ra and La are as described for Formula (Ia) herein, and Ya can be a leaving group.




The method includes: 1) contacting a protected nucleoside BNuc(a) with structure of Formula (2-1a) with an ester with structure of Formula (2-2a) in the presence of a strong base under conditions suitable to afford a monoester with structure of Formula (2-3a); and 2) reacting the monoester so formed with structure of Formula (2-3a) with La-OH in the presence of a coupling agent as known in the art, thereby synthesizing a compound with structure of Formula (Ia).
In embodiments, the method includes the steps provided in Scheme 2-1 following, specifically, contacting a suitably protected nucleoside (general structure 2-1 where BNuc is a naturally occurring or modified purine or pyrimidine base, with an ester of general structure 2-2 (where Y is a leaving group such as p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, bromo, iodo, or the like) in the presence of a strong base and suitable solvent to yield ANP monoesters of Formula 2-3, and secondly, reacting ANP monoester 2-3 with L-OH (i.e., hydroxy form of L) in the presence of a coupling agent such as PYBOP® to give a diester of Formula (I).




In another aspect, there is provided method for synthesis of a compound with structure of Formula (I) according to Scheme 2-1. BNuc, X, R and L are as described for Formula (I) herein, and Y can be a leaving group; said method comprising: contacting a compound of Formula (2-1) that has a protected BNuc with a compound of Formula (2-2) in the presence of a strong base to form a compound of Formula (2-3); and reacting the compound of Formula (2-3) with L-OH in the presence of a coupling agent to form the compound of Formula (I).




In another aspect, there is provided method for synthesis of a compound with structure of Formula (Ia) according to Scheme 2-1a. For this method, BNuc(a) can be a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine; La can be an unsubstituted C12-24 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety can be substituted with one or more groups selected from an unsubstituted C13-29 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); le can be selected from an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); Xa can be hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy; and Ya can be a leaving group; said method comprising: contacting a compound of Formula (2-1a) that has a protected BNuc(a) with a compound of Formula (2-2a) in the presence of a strong base to form a compound of Formula (2-3a); and reacting the compound of Formula (2-3a) with La-OH in the presence of a coupling agent to form the compound of Formula (Ia).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesizing a compound of Formula (I) as described in Scheme 3 following. For Scheme 3, substituents BNuc, X, R and L are as described for Formula (I) herein.




The method includes contacting a suitably protected nucleoside (general structure 3-1 where BNuc is a naturally occurring or modified purine or pyrimidine base), with a diester of general structure 3-2 (where Y is a leaving group such as p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, bromo, iodo, or the like.) in the presence of a strong base and suitable solvent to yield a compound of Formula (I).
In another aspect, there is provided a method for synthesizing a compound of Formula (Ia) as described in Scheme 3a. For Scheme 3a, substituents BNuc(a), Xa, Ra and La are as described for Formula (Ia) herein, and Ya is a leaving group.




The method includes contacting a suitably protected nucleoside (3-1a), with a diester 3-2 (where Ya is a leaving group such as p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, bromo, iodo, or the like) in the presence of a strong base and suitable solvent to yield a compound of Formula (Ia).
V. Pharmaceutical Compositions
In another aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical compositions including a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia) in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (e.g., carrier).
The terms “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,” “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” and the like as used herein refer to pharmaceutical excipients, for example, pharmaceutically, physiologically, acceptable organic or inorganic carrier substances suitable for enteral or parenteral application that do not deleteriously react with the active agent. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include water, salt solutions (such as Ringer's solution), alcohols, oils, gelatins, and carbohydrates such as lactose, amylose or starch, fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylcellulose, and polyvinyl pyrrolidine. Such preparations can be sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, coloring, and/or aromatic substances and the like that do not deleteriously react with the compounds described herein.
The compounds described herein can be administered alone or can be coadministered to the subject. Coadministration is meant to include simultaneous or sequential administration of the compounds individually or in combination (more than one compound). The preparations can also be combined, when desired, with other active substances (e.g., to reduce metabolic degradation).
A. Formulations
The compounds described herein can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral, parenteral, and topical dosage forms. Thus, the compounds described herein can be administered by injection (e.g. intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally). Also, the compounds described herein can be administered by inhalation, for example, intranasally. Additionally, the compounds described herein can be administered transdermally. It is also envisioned that multiple routes of administration (e.g., intramuscular, oral, transdermal) can be used to administer the compounds described herein. Accordingly, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and one or more compounds are contemplated.
For preparing pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or more substances that may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid in a mixture with the finely divided active component. In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
The powders and tablets preferably contain from 5% to 70% of the active compound. Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. The term “preparation” is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component with or without other carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it. Similarly, cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.
Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water or water/propylene glycol solutions. For parenteral injection, liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
When parenteral application is needed or desired, particularly suitable admixtures are injectable, sterile solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, as well as suspensions, emulsions, or implants, including suppositories. In particular, carriers for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of dextrose, cyclodextrins, saline, pure water, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, peanut oil, sesame oil, polyoxyethylene-block polymers, and the like. Ampoules are convenient unit dosages. The compounds described herein can also be incorporated into liposomes or administered via transdermal pumps or patches. Pharmaceutical admixtures suitable for use include those described, for example, in PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (17th Ed., Mack Pub. Co., Easton, Pa.) and WO 96/05309, the teachings of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizers, and/or thickening agents as desired. Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents.
Also included are solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
The pharmaceutical preparation is preferably in unit dosage form. In such form the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form. In embodiments, the unit dosage form can be in the form of an applicator pre-filled with a pharmaceutical composition described herein (for example, a pharmaceutical composition that contains an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)). In embodiments, the pre-filled applicator can be filled with a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a cream, a gel or an ointment that contains a compound described herein (for example, a compound of Formula (I) and/or a compound of Formula (Ia)).
The quantity of active component in a unit dose preparation may be varied or adjusted from 0.1 mg to 10000 mg, more typically 1.0 mg to 1000 mg, most typically 10 mg to 500 mg, according to the particular application and the potency of the active component. The composition can, if desired, also contain other compatible therapeutic agents.
Some compounds may have limited solubility in water and therefore may require a surfactant or other appropriate co-solvent in the composition. Such co-solvents include: Polysorbate 20, 60, and 80; PLURONIC® F-68, F-84, and P-103; cyclodextrin; and polyoxyl 35 castor oil. Such co-solvents are typically employed at a level between about 0.01% and about 2% by weight.
Viscosity greater than that of simple aqueous solutions may be desirable to decrease variability in dispensing the formulations, to decrease physical separation of components of a suspension or emulsion of formulation, and/or otherwise to improve the formulation. Such viscosity building agents include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, chondroitin sulfate and salts thereof, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, and combinations of the foregoing. Such agents are typically employed at a level between about 0.01% and about 2% by weight.
The compositions may additionally include components to provide sustained release and/or comfort. Such components include high molecular weight, anionic mucomimetic polymers, gelling polysaccharides, and finely-divided drug carrier substrates. These components are discussed in greater detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,911,920; 5,403,841; 5,212,162; and 4,861,760. The entire contents of these patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
B. Effective Dosages
Pharmaceutical compositions include compositions wherein the active ingredient is contained in a therapeutically effective amount, i.e., in an amount effective to achieve its intended purpose. The actual amount effective for a particular application will depend, inter alia, on the condition being treated. For example, when administered in methods to treat cancer, such compositions will contain an amount of active ingredient effective to achieve the desired result (e.g., decreasing the number of cancer cells in a subject).
The dosage and frequency (single or multiple doses) of compound administered can vary depending upon a variety of factors, including route of administration; size, age, sex, health, body weight, body mass index, and diet of the recipient; nature and extent of symptoms of the disease being treated; presence of other diseases or other health-related problems; kind of concurrent treatment; and complications from any disease or treatment regimen. Other therapeutic regimens or agents can be used in conjunction with the methods and compounds described herein.
For any compound described herein, the therapeutically effective amount can be initially determined from cell culture assays. Therapeutically effective amounts for use in humans may subsequently be estimated from animal models using conventional techniques that are confirmed or refined in actual clinical trials.
Dosages may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the compound being employed. The dose administered to a patient should be sufficient to effect a beneficial therapeutic response in the patient over time. The size of the dose also will be determined by the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side effects. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages, which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small increments until the optimum effect under circumstances is reached. In one embodiment, the dosage range is 0.001% to 10% w/v. In another embodiment, the dosage range is 0.1% to 5% w/v.
Dosage amounts and intervals can be adjusted individually to provide levels of the administered compound effective for the particular clinical indication being treated. This will provide a therapeutic regimen that is commensurate with the severity of the individual's disease state.
Utilizing the teachings provided herein, an effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatment regimen can be planned that does not cause substantial toxicity and yet is entirely effective to treat the clinical symptoms demonstrated by the particular patient. This planning should involve the careful choice of active compound by considering factors such as compound potency, relative bioavailability, patient body weight, presence and severity of adverse side effects, preferred mode of administration, and the toxicity profile of the selected agent.
C. Toxicity
The ratio between toxicity and therapeutic effect for a particular compound is its therapeutic index and can be expressed as the ratio between LD50 (the amount of compound lethal in 50% of the population) and ED50 (the amount of compound effective in 50% of the population). Compounds that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. Therapeutic index data obtained from cell culture assays and/or animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosages for use in humans. The dosage of such compounds preferably lies within a range of plasma concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. See, e.g. Fingl et al., In: THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS, Ch. 1, p. 1, 1975. The exact formulation, route of administration, and dosage can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition and the particular method in which the compound is used.
VI. Examples
General Chemistry Methods
All reagents were of commercial quality and used without further purification unless indicated otherwise. Chromatographic purification was done using the flash method with silica gel 60 (EMD Chemicals, Inc., 230-400 mesh). 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian HG spectrophotometer operating at 400 MHz and are reported in units of parts per million (ppm) relative to internal tetramethylsilane at 0.00 ppm. Routine electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) were recorded on a Finnigan LCQ DECA spectrometer, and high resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were recorded on an Agilent 6230 Accurate-Mass TOFMS mass spectrometer in ESI negative mode. Purity of the target compounds was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Beckman Coulter SYSTEM GOLD® chromatography system. The analytical column was PHENOMENEX® SYNERGITM Polar-RP (4.6×150 mm) equipped with a SECURITYGUARDTM protection column. Mobile phase A was 95% water/5% methanol and mobile phase B was 95% methanol/5% water. At a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, isocratic elution was used. Compounds were detected by ultraviolet light (UV) absorption at 274 nm. Homogeneity of the target compounds was also confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using Analtech silica gel-GF (250 μm) plates and the solvent system: CHCl3/MeOH/con NH4OH/H2O (70:30:3:3 v/v). TLC results were visualized with UV light, phospray (SUPELCO®, Bellefonte, Pa., USA) and charring at 400° C.
Example 1
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl]guanine, 1-(Rp,Sp) (Cmpd 1, Bn-ODE-PMEG)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE-PMEG) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al.; Antiviral Research, 2006, 72:10-19] (0.21 g, 0.35 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.27 g, 0.525 mmol) and anhydrous benzyl alcohol (0.05 ml, 0.525 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.24 ml, 1.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and extracted with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the residue was adsorbed on silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography. Elution with CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) gave 0.15 g (62%) of Cmpd 1 as a white powder. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 7.56 (s, 1H); 7.35-7.40 (m, 5H); 5.08 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.19 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H); 4.09-4.17 (m, 2H); 3.87 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.57 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H); 3.44 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H); 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 676.34 (M+H)+, 698.41 (M+Na)+.
Example 2
Resolution of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl]guanine P-chiral enantiomers




Bn-ODE-PMEG of Example 1 was obtained as a mixture of enantiomers because of the chirality at phosphorus. The enantiomers were separated on a LuxTM Cellulose-1 column (Phenomenex®, Torrance, Calif. USA) using reverse phase conditions (mobile phase of 50:50:0.1 20 mM AmmAc:AcN:TFA). The absolute stereochemistry of the P-chiral enantiomers was not determined. The preparative chromatographic resolution of the material obtained in Example 1 provided two enantiomers that are characterized as 1a (fast eluting enantiomer) and 1b (slow eluting enantiomer). An example chromatogram is provided in the FIGURE.
In the following examples, preparation of the racemic mixture is described, however, the method of Example 2, or modifications thereof known in the art, can be used to resolve each into optically active enantiomers or diastereomers as needed.
Example 3
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl]adenine (Cmpd 2, Bn-ODE-PMEA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (ODE PMEA) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al. Antiviral Research 2006, 72:10-19] (0.2 g, 0.35 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.27 g, 0.525 mmol), anhydrous benzyl alcohol (0.05 ml, 0.525 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.24 ml, 1.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.12 g (50%) of compound 2. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.99 (s, 1H); 7.30-7.40 (m, 5H); 5.07 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.38 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H); 4.08-4.18 (m, 2H); 3.88 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.56 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H); 3.42 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H); 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 660.55 (M+H)+.
Example 4
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (Cmpd 218, Bn-ODE-(S)-HPMPA)
Method 1:




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]-N6-trityladenine (prepared as described in: Beadle, J. R. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2006, 49:2010-2015) (0.42 g, 0.38 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.30 g, 0.58 mmol), benzyl alcohol (0.06 ml, 0.58 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (2 ml), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.4 ml, 1.52 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and then washed with saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). Ethyl acetate was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.23 g (51%) of the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 7.89 (s, 1H); 7.16-7.40 (m, 36H); 5.03 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.27-4.44 (m, 2H); 4.06-4.14 (m, 1H); 3.91-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.83 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H); 3.27-3.40 (m, 4H); 1.42-1.58 (m, 2H); 1.18-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 1174.27 (M+H)+
The protected intermediate (0.13 g, 0.11 mmol) was added to 80% aq acetic acid (10 ml) and stirred at 30° C. for 3 h. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 218 (0.04 g, 52% yield). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.89 (s, 1H); 7.26-7.38 (m, 5H); 5.09 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.28-4.43 (m, 2H); 4.06-4.18 (m, 1H); 3.95-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.80 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.50-3.60 (m, 2H); 3.25-3.38 (m, 4H); 1.49-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.10-1.40 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 690.49 (M+H)+, 712.47 (M+H)+.
Method 2:




A mixture of 9-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-N6-trityladenine [prepared as in: Webb, R. R., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1989, 8:619-24] (1.4 g, 2.0 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.39 g, 4 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (10 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 30 min, then benzyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate (0.94 g, 2.5 mmol, see Example 6) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give benzyl 9-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-N6-trityladenine 0.75 g (42%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.88 (s, 1H); 7.08-7.60 (m, 30H); 4.84-4.88 (m, 2H); 4.20-4.30 (m, 2H); 3.78-4.90 (m, 1H); 3.50-3.72 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.18 (m, 2H).
To a solution of this intermediate (0.2 g, 0.22 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.17 g, 0.33 mmol) and octadecyloxyethanol (0.10 g, 0.33 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (2 ml), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.15 ml, 0.88 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.15 g (58%) of the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.93 (s, 1H); 7.87 (s, 1H); 7.16-7.42 (m, 35H); 5.00 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.27-4.44 (m, 2H); 4.06-4.14 (m, 1H); 3.91-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.83 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H); 3.27-3.40 (m, 4H); 1.42-1.58 (m, 2H); 1.18-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 1174.29 (M+H)+; 1196.52 (M+Na)+.
The protected compound (0.15 g, 0.13 mmol) was treated with 80% aq acetic acid (10 ml) at 30° C. for 3 h. The solvents were evaporated, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 218 (0.06 g, 68%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.52 (s, 1H); 7.34-7.38 (m, 5H); 5.06 (dd, J=9 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 4.28-4.46 (m, 2H); 4.06-4.16 (m, 2H); 3.95-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.87 (m, 2H); 3.52-3.66 (m, 4H); 3.39-3.48 (m, 2H); 1.49-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.40 (m, 30H); 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 690.47 (M+H)+, 712.45 (M+Na)+.
Example 5
Preparation of isopropylidene glyceryl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)guanine




To a suspension of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE PMEG)) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al.; Antiviral Research, 2006, 72:10-19] (0.18 g, 0.30 mmol), oxalyl chloride (0.56 ml, 0.48 mmol) in dry toluene (5 ml), DMF (0.06 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuum and co-evaporated with toluene (2×10 ml). The residue was dissolved in toluene (5 ml) and isopropylidene glycerol (0.09 g, 0.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. A solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate (5 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The toluene fraction was evaporated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give 0.05 g of IPG-ODE-PMEG (23%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 8.91 (s, 1H); 8.15 (s, 1H); 4.44-4.52 (m, 2H); 4.18-4.34 (m, 2H); 4.13-4.18 (m, 1H); 4.02-4.13 (m, 2H); 3.95-4.18 (m, 2H); 3.68-3.84 (m, 2H); 3.60-3.67 (m, 2H); 3.44-3.52 (m, 2H); 1.42 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H); 1.36 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H); 1.22-1.34 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 700.37 (M+H)+, 722.43 (M+Na)+.
Example 6
Preparation of benzyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate, sodium salt
Diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (3.2 g, 9.9 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-DMF (10 ml) and then bromotrimethylsilane (10 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and co-evaporated with toluene (2×10 ml). An ethanol/water mixture (10 ml) was added, and then mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. The solvents were evaporated and co-evaporated with toluene (2×10 ml). The residue was suspended in toluene (50 ml), and then oxalyl chloride (1.3 ml, 15.0 mmol) was added followed by N,N-DMF (0.01 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvents were evaporated and co-evaporated with toluene (2×10 ml). The residue was suspended in toluene (25 ml), and then anhydrous benzyl alcohol (1.5 ml, 15.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. A solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate (15 ml) was added, and then the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The toluene fraction was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give 2.94 g of benzyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate, sodium salt (81%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.72 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H); 7.30-7.33 (m, 7H); 4.88 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H); 4.02 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H); 2.44 (s, 3H).
Example 7
Preparation of benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl 9-(S)-[(3-hydroxypropyl-2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 230, Bn-ODBG-(S)-HPMPA)




To a solution of benzyl 9-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-N6-trityladenine (prepared as in Example 4, method 2) (0.4 g, 0.44 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.27 g, 0.51 mmol), 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol (0.22 g, 0.51 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (1 ml), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.30 ml, 1.7 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and then washed with a solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.15 g (58%) of the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.88 (s, 1H); 7.87 (s, 1H); 7.19-7.42 (m, 40H); 4.95-5.03 (m, 2H); 4.57-4.60 (m, 2H); 4.29-4.39 (m, 2H); 4.16-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.12 (m, 1H); 3.90-3.98 (m, 1H); 3.65-3.81 (m, 4H); 3.45-3.49 (m, 2H); 1.46-1.53 (m, 2H); 1.22-1.32 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 1294.27 (M+H)+; 1316.57 (M+Na)+.
The protected compound (0.33 g, 0.13 mmol) was treated with 80% aq acetic acid (20 ml) at 30° C. for 3 h. The solvents were then evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 230 (0.13 g, 65%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.65 (s, 1H); 7.27-7.35 (m, 10H); 4.99-5.04 (m, 2H); 4.58-4.66 (m, 2H); 4.33-4.43 (m, 1H); 4.16-4.33 (m, 2H), 3.94-4.12 (m, 2H); 3.80-3.88 (m, 1H); 3.68-3.78 (m, 2H); 3.38-3.62 (m, 4H); 1.50-1.58 (m, 2H); 1.22-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 810.47 (M+H)+, 832.44 (M+Na)+.
Example 8
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 1-(S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (Cmpd 219, Bn-ODE-(S)-HPMPC)




A mixture of 1-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-N4-monomethoxytritylcytosine [prepared as described in: Beadle, J. R., et al., PCT Int. Appl. WO 2005/087788 A2, published Sep. 22, 2005] (1.84 g, 2.63 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (1.24 g, 3.29 mmol) in dry DMF (20 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Benzyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate (0.94 g, 2.5 mmol, see Example 6) were added and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give benzyl 1-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-N4-monomethoxytritylcytosine 1.25 g (52%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.12-7.48 (m, 24H); 7.05 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H); 6.79 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H); 4.70 (dd, J1=30 Hz, J2=6 Hz, 2H); 4.20-4.30 (m, 2H); 3.78-4.90 (m, 1H); 3.77 (s, 3H); 3.50-3.72 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.18 (m, 2H). (EI): 883.99 (M+H)+, 906.22 (M+Na)+.
To a solution of this intermediate (0.6 g, 0.66 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.52 g, 0.99 mmol), octadecyloxyethanol (0.31 g, 0.52 mmol) in dry DMF (5 ml), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.46 ml, 2.65 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and then the solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and washed with saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). Ethyl acetate was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.18-7.44 (m, 34H); 7.13 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 6.85 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.00 (dd, J1=8 Hz, J2=3 Hz, 2H); 4.04-4.12 (m, 2H); 3.88-3.95 (m, 1H); 3.80 (s, 3H); 3.58-3.79 (m, 4H); 3.45-3.57 (m, 2H); 3.16-3.22 (m, 1H); 3.02-3.08 (m, 1H); 1.43-1.52 (m, 2H); 1.08-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). (EI): 1180.10 (M+H)+, 1202.57 (M+Na)+.
The protected compound (0.44 g, 0.37 mmol) was treated with 80% acetic acid (20 ml) at 30° C. for 3 h. The solvents were evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give compound 219 (0.16 g, 64%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.40-7.42 (m, 5H); 7.38 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.73 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.12 (dd, J1=8 Hz, J2=3 Hz, 2H); 4.10-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.99-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.80 (m, 7H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H); 1.50-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). Mass spec (ESI): 666.54 (M+H)+, 688.52 (M+Na)+.
Example 9
Preparation of benzyl 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl 1-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (Cmpd 231, Bn-ODBG (S)-HPMPC)
To a solution of the intermediate from Example 8, benzyl 1-(S)-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] N4-monomethoxytrityl cytosine (0.57 g, 0.63 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.49 g, 0.95 mmol) and 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol (0.41 g, 0.95 mmol) in dry DMF (5 ml), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.44 ml, 2.52 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). Ethyl acetate was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.30 g (36%) of the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.19-7.45 (m, 39H); 7.15 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 6.82 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.00 (dd, J1=8 Hz, J2=3 Hz, 2H); 4.69-4.71 (m, 2H); 4.05 (s, 3H), 3.96-4.05 (m, 2H); 3.82-3.90 (m, 1H); 3.50-3.80 (m, 4H); 3.40-3.53 (m, 2H); 3.24-3.40 (m, 4H); 3.02-3.08 (m, 1H); 1.43-1.50 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.40 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). (EI): 1301.06 (M+H)+, 1322.58 (M+Na)+.
The protected compound (0.30 g, 0.23 mmol) was then treated with 80% acetic acid (20 ml) at 30° C. for 3 h. The solvents were evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give compound 231 (0.10 g, 55%). 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.31-7.40 (m, 10H); 7.28 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.66 (dd, J1=14 Hz, J2=7 Hz, 1H); 5.07 (dd, J1=8 Hz, J2=3 Hz, 2H); 4.63-4.66 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.27 (m, 2H), 4.02-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.84 (m, 8H); 1.50-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). Mass spec (ESI): 786.43 (M+H)+, 808.41 (M+Na)+.
Example 10
Preparation of phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl]guanine (Cmpd 19, Ph-ODE-PMEG)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE-PMEG, 0.26 g, 0.44 mmol) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al. Antiviral Research 2006, 72:10-19], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.34 g, 0.66 mmol), and phenol (0.06 g, 0.66 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.30 ml, 1.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml) solution. The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to afford 0.09 g (31%) of compound 19 as a white powder. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.66 (s, 1H); 7.36 (t, J=8 Hz, 2H); 7.20 (t, J=7 Hz, 1H); 7.13 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H); 4.23-4.30 (m, 4H); 4.03 (dd, J=8 Hz, J1=2 Hz, 2H); 3.93 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H); 3.61 (t, J=5 Hz, 2H), 3.41-3.45 (m, 2H); 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.38 (m, 30H); 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 662.43 (M+H)+, 684.39 (M+Na)+.
Example 11
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 146, Bn-ODE-(S)-MPMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (ODE-S)-MPMPA, 0.62 g, 1.00 mmol) [prepared as described in: Valiaeva, N. et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 19:4616-4625]), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.78 g, 0.66 mmol), and benzyl alcohol (0.16 ml, 1.50 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.70 ml, 4.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then solvents was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and then washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.29 g (41%) of compound 146. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 8.24 (d, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 5H), 5.00-5.15 (m, 2H); 4.40-4.45 (m, 1H); 4.28-4.36 (m, 1H); 4.00-4.18 (m, 3H); 3.80-3.98 (m, 2H); 3.40-3.60 (m, 6H); 3.35 (s, 3H); 1.45-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 704.52 (M+H)+, 726.45 (M+Na)+.
Example 12
Preparation of phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 164, Ph-ODE-(S)-MPMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (ODE (S)-MPMPA, 0.62 g, 1.00 mmol) [prepared as described in: Valiaeva, N. et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 19:4616-4625], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.78 g, 0.66 mmol), and phenol (0.14 g, 1.50 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.70 ml, 4.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.29 g (41%) of compound 164 as an off white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ 8.23 (d, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=6.60 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.08 (dt, J=8.71, 1.15 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.28 (m, 3H), 3.98-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.63 (m, 6H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 1.48-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (D): 704.52 (M+H)+, 726.45 (M+Na)+.
Example 13
Preparation of benzyl hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (Cmpd 25, Bn-HDP-PMEG)




To a solution of hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine (HDP PMEG, 0.28 g, 0.49 mmol) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al., Antiviral Research, 2006, 72:10-19], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.39 g, 0.74 mmol), and benzyl alcohol (0.10 ml, 0.74 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.03 g (10%) of compound 25 as a powdery white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.30-7.44 (m, 5H), 5.07 (dd, J=8.98, 2.02 Hz, 2H), 4.05-4.24 (m, 4H), 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.31-3.42 (m, 4H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.38 (m, 26H), 0.86-0.91 (m, 3H). MS (EI): 662.46 (M+H)+, 684.46 (M+Na)+.
Example 14
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 74, Bn-ODE-(R)-PMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (ODE-(R)-PMPA, 0.30 g, 0.51 mmol) [prepared as described in: Painter, G et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007, 51:3505-3509], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.40 g, 0.77 mmol), and benzyl alcohol (0.08 ml, 0.77 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.24 g (70%) of compound 74. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=4.40 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 5H), 4.99-5.14 (m, 2H), 4.35 (d, J=14.66 Hz, 1H), 4.07-4.20 (m, 3H), 3.92 (ddd, J=13.75, 8.98, 4.77 Hz, 2H), 3.65-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.27 (m, 30H), 1.21 (d, J=6.23 Hz, 3H), 0.09 (t, J=8.00 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 674.48 (M+H)+, 693.46 (M+Na)+.
Example 15
Preparation of phenyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 94, Ph-ODE-(R)-PMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (ODE PMPA, 0.30 g, 0.51 mmol) [prepared as described in: Painter, G et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007, 51:3505-3509], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.40 g, 0.77 mmol), and phenol (0.072 g, 0.77 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to afford 0.25 g (75%) of compound 94. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 8.24 (d, J=3.30 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=6.23 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 4.37 (d, J=1.47 Hz, 1H), 4.04-4.31 (m, 4H), 3.94-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J=9.53, 1.10 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (d, J=4.03 Hz, 2H), 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.35 (m, 33H), 0.89 (t, J=8.00 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 660.47 (M+H)+, 682.41 (M+Na)+.
Example 16
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] guanine (Cmpd 73, Bn-ODE-(R)-PMPG)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine (Bn-ODE-(R)-PMPG, 180 mg, 0.3 mmol) [prepared as described in: Painter, G et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007, 51:3505-3509], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 312 mg, 0.6 mmol), and benzyl alcohol (97 mg, 0.9 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (30 ml), was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 77 mg, 0.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to afford 60 mg (29%) of compound 73. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 7.82 (d, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.43 (m, 3H), 5.01-5.17 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.82-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.44 (d, J=7.70 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (dt, J=3.30, 1.65 Hz, 3H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.35 (m, 30H), 1.18 (dd, J=6.23, 2.57 Hz, 3H), 0.88 (t, J=8.00 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 690.49 (M+H)+, 712.48 (M+Na)+.
Example 17
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl (S)-9-[3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine (Cmpd 289, Bn ODE-(S)-FPMPG)




9-(S)-[3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine [(S)-FPMPG, 0.32 g, 1.05 mmol) [prepared as described in: Jind{hacek over (r)}ich, J. et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1993, 58:1645-1667], was esterified with octadecyloxyethanol (0.33 g, 1.05 mmol) using N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.43 g, 2.1 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF (25 ml) at 50° C. overnight. Octadecyloxyethyl (S)-9-[3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine (ODE(S)-FPMPG) was isolated by column chromatography to give 0.11 g (17%) of the product. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4), δ 8.18 (s, 1H); 4.50-4.75 (m, 2H); 4.43-4.49 (m, 1H); 4.07-4.16 (m, 1H); 3.98-4.17 (m, 2H); 3.84-3.72 (m, 1H); 3.56-3.60 (m, 2H); 3.42-3.48 (m, 2H); 3.35-3.37 (m, 1H); 1.52-1.60 (m, 2H); 1.20-1.34 (m, 30H); 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 600.30 (M−H)−.
A stirred mixture of ODE-(S)-FPMPG (0.11 g, 0.18 mmol), benzyl alcohol (0.06 ml, 0.54 mmol) and (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.28 g, 0.54 mmol) in dry DMF was treated with diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.25 ml, 1.44 mmol) for 4 hours at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to afford 90 mg (71%) of compound 289. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.42 (m, 3H), 5.04-5.17 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.52 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.88-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.18 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 1H), 1.49-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.35 (m, 30H), 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 708.50 (M−H)−, 730.52 (M+Na)+.
Example 18
Preparation of naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 398, Npt-ODE-(S)-MPMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]adenine (ODE MPMPA, 0.30 g, 0.49 mmol) [prepared as described in: Valiaeva, N. et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 19: 4616-4625], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.38 g, 0.73 mmol), and 1-naphthol (0.11 g, 0.73 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to yield 0.20 g (56%) of compound 398 as an off white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 8.18 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 8.02-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.86-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.43 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.37 (m, 3H), 4.09-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.99-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=4.58 Hz, 1H), 3.47-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.45 (m, 5H), 1.49 (d, J=6.60 Hz, 2H), 1.19-1.34 (m, 30H), 0.85-0.93 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 740.54 (M+H)+, 762.52 (M+Na)+.
Example 19
Preparation of naphthyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl]guanine (Cmpd 361, Npt-ODE-PMEG)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE PMEG, 0.29 g, 0.50 mmol) [prepared according to: Valiaeva, N. et al. Antiviral Research 2006, 72: 10-19], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.39 g, 0.75 mmol), and 1-naphthol (0.11 g, 0.75 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.23 g (65%) of compound 361. 1H NMR (CDCl3/methanol-d4) δ: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 8.07-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=5.87, 3.30 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=5.87 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=4.40 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.43 (m, 1H), 4.30 (ddd, J=8.62, 5.68, 3.30 Hz, 2H), 4.16-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.14 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 2H), 3.64-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.38 (d, J=4.77 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (q, J=7.45 Hz, 2H), 1.45-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.35 (m, 30H), 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 712.49 (M+H)+, 734.41 (M+Na)+.
Example 20
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil (Cmpd 221, Bn-ODE-(S)-HPMPU)




To a solution of benzyl 9-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-4-methoxy-uracil (0.1 g, 0.15 mmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®, 0.11 g, 0.20 mmol), and octadecyloxyethanol (0.06 g, 0.20 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.03 ml, 0.20 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml), and then the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.024 g (17%) of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[3-trityloxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-4-methoxyuracil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol) δ ppm 7.56 (d, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.51 (m, 15H), 5.46 (d, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 2H), 4.03-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.38 (m, 30H), 0.88 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 945.66 (M+Na)+.
The protected intermediate was then stirred in 80% aq acetic acid overnight at 50° C. The solvent was then evaporated under vacuum, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to give 0.01 g (59%) of compound 221. MS (EI): 667.54 (M+H)+, 689.56 (M+Na)+.
Example 21
Preparation of ethyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (Cmpd 182, Et-ODE-(S)-MPMPA)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]-adenine (ODE-(S)-MPMPA, 0.30 g, 0.49 mmol) [prepared as described in: Valiaeva, N. et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 19:4616-4625], (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, (PYBOP®, 0.38 g, 0.73 mmol), in ethanol (25 ml), was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.35 ml, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was then evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). Ethyl acetate was evaporated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.26 g (84%) of compound 182 as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H), 4.72-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.62-64 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.03-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.64 (m, 3H), 3.42-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.37 (m, 33H), 0.89 (t, J=7.20 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 642.69 (M+H)+, 664.61 (M+Na)+.
Example 22
Preparation of benzyl octadecyloxyethyl 9-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (Cmpd 150, Bn-ODE(S)-MPMPDAP)




To a solution of octadecyloxyethyl 9-(S)-[3-methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (ODE-(S)-MPMP DAP, 0.20 g, 0.32 mmol) [prepared as described in: Valiaeva, N. et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 19:4616-4625], ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP®) (0.21 g, 0.40 mmol), and benzyl alcohol (0.04 ml, 0.40 mmol) in dry N,N-DMF, was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.07 ml, 0.40 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was evaporated, and then the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2/MeOH (0-5%) to give 0.12 g (54%) of compound 150. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+methanol-d4) δ ppm 7.63-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.43 (m, 5H), 5.02-5.13 (m, 2H), 4.59 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=3.67 Hz, 1H), 3.99-4.15 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.56 (m, 5H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 1.49-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.35 (m, 30H), 0.89 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (EI): 719.62 (M+H)+, 741.56 (M+Na)+.
Example 23
Antiproliferative Activity of Nucleoside Phosphonates Diesters in Normal Human Fibroblasts and in Human Cervical Cancer Lines In Vitro
Method.
Compounds at a range of concentrations were incubated with normal fibroblasts or human cervical cancer cell lines in monolayer culture and after 4 days, viable cell number was determined by neutral red reduction as previously described (Valiaeva N, et al., Chemotherapy, 2010, 56(1):54-9). Cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The results were plotted and the concentration which reduced neutral red levels by 50% (CC50) was determined in triplicate. Although viral replication is no longer occurring in the human cervical cancer cell lines, Caski cells were transformed by HPV-16 and Hela cells were transformed by HPV-18.
Results.
As tabulated in Table 11 following, these results demonstrate that compounds described herein were 23.6 fold (e.g., Cmpd 219) to 3,750 fold (e.g., Cmpd 1) more effective in reducing viable cell number in the cervical cancer lines than in normal, non-transformed human fibroblasts.







TABLE 11







Antiproliferative activity of nucleoside phosphonate diesters in normal


human fibroblasts and in human cervical cancer lines in vitro









Cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) μM











Normal





human





fibroblasts
Caski
Hela


Compound #
(HFF)
(HPV-16)
(HPV-18)













219
52
2.0
2.2


218
5.2
0.055
0.029


1
15
0.004
0.009









Example 24
Antiproliferative Activity of Compounds on Human T Cell Leukemia Cells (MT-2)
Method of Cytotoxicity Determination.
MT-2 cells were incubated with drug for 72 hrs and harvested. Flow count beads (Beckman Coulter, Miami, Fla.) were added to the cell suspension followed by propidium iodide staining and analysis using flow cytometer and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was calculated from the cell counts and viability.
Results.
Compounds disclosed herein are effective antiproliferative agents in human T cell leukemia (MT-2) cells (Table 12).







TABLE 12







Antiproliferative activity in human MT-2 leukemic cells in vitro











CC50, 50% Cytotoxic concentration



Compound #
μMMT2 cells T cell leukemia














1
0.036 ± 0.04



1a
<0.01



1b
<0.01



2
<0.010










Example 25
Anti HIV Activity
Method HIV Antiviral Assays.
MT-2 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 mM HEPES buffer, 50 IU of penicillin/ml, and 50 μg of streptomycin/ml. The antiviral activity of each compound was determined by inoculating MT-2 cells with HIV-1LAI at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 TCID50/cell, followed by incubation in the presence of threefold serial drug dilutions (three wells per dilution). Four days after infection, culture supernatants were harvested, lysed with 0.5% Triton X-100, and assayed for p24 antigen concentration using a commercial ELISA assay (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, Mass.). The antiviral activity of each compound is expressed as the EC50, which is the concentration required to inhibit p24 antigen production by 50%.
Method Cytotoxicity Determination.
MT-2 cells were incubated with drug for 72 hrs and harvested. Flow count beads (Beckman Coulter, Miami, Fla.) were added to the cell suspension followed by propidium iodide staining and analysis using flow cytometer and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was calculated from the cell counts and viability.
Results.
Table 13 shows that compounds disclosed herein have considerable antiviral activity against HIV-1 and exhibit selectivity.







TABLE 13







Antiviral activity in HIV-1 infected human lymphoblastic leukemia cells









HIV ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY IN MT-2 CELLS













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













1
  <1 × 10−5
  0.036 ± 0.04
>3600


2
  <1 × 10−5
   <1 × 10−2
—


218
  0.13 ± 0.14 (3)
   2.3 ± 1.6 (3)
17.7


219
   2.7 ± 2.1 (3)
    18 ± 3.6 (3)
6.7


230
  0.05 ± 0.03 (3)
    19 ± 2.6 (3)
380


231
   2.2 ± 2.1 (3)
    22 ± 3.0 (3)
10





EC50, effective dose 50%; CC50, cytotoxic dose 50%, selectivity index CC50/EC50.


Assay: p24 reduction.






Example 26
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HFF Cells Infected with HSV-2
Method.
Primary low passage human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell with the G strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 and incubated for 3 days. Media was then aspirated and cell monolayers were stained with crystal violet and rinsed with distilled water. Crystal violet associated with the cells was then quantified in a spectrophotometer and the concentration of the compound that was sufficient to reduce virus replication by 50% (EC50) was calculated. Cytotoxicity was measured in parallel by similar methods to yield the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 14 following.







TABLE 14







Antiviral Effect of ANP diesters in HFF cells infected with HSV-2













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













219
0.10
13.1
131


218
0.04
6.91
173


231
0.80
34.8
43.5


230
0.71
37.1
52.2


221
3.8
>10
>2.6









Example 27
Effect of Oral Octadecyloxyethyl-Benzyl-(ODE-Bn) Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Diesters and ODE-Monoesters of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates on Body Weight in Balb-c Mice
Method.
Compounds were administered at the indicated doses by oral gavage daily for 5 days. Weights measured before and on day 6 after 5 doses.
Results.
As tabulated in Table 15 following, these results demonstrate that ODE-monoesters of Cidofovir (CDV) and PMEG lost 14.7% and 19.1% of body weight, respectively, which was highly statistically significant versus day zero (p=0.0007 and p<0.001). However, oral ODE-benzyl diesters of the CDV and PMEG nucleoside phosphonates exhibited no statistically significant effects (“ns”) on body weight compared with the unmodified compounds.







TABLE 15







Effect of oral Octadecyloxyethyl-benzyl-(ODE-bn-) acyclic phosphonate diesters


and Octadecyloxyethyl-monoesters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates on body weight in


Balb-c Mice











Compound
Dose
Day 0
Day 6
p value, 0 vs 6














ODE-CDV
20 mg/kg/day
19.88 ± 0.55 (6)
16.96 ± 1.38 (6)
0.0007


ODE-bn-CDV
20 mg/kg/day
19.03 ± 1.16 (6)
19.27 ± 1.32 (6)
ns


(Cmpd 219)






ODE-PMEG
 4 mg/kg/day
19.17 ± 0.581 (3)
 15.5 ± 0.514(3)
<0.001


ODE-bn-PMEG
 4 mg/kg/day
18.63 ± 0.728 (3)
18.42 ± 1.00 (3)
ns


(Cmpd 1)









Example 28
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in Cells Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (AD169)
Method.
Primary low passage human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell with the AD169 strain of human cytomegalovirus and incubated for 14 days. Media was then aspirated and cell monolayers were stained with crystal violet and rinsed with distilled water. Crystal violet associated with the cells was then quantified in a spectrophotometer and the concentration of the compound that was sufficient to reduce virus replication by 50% (EC50) was calculated. Cytotoxicity was measured in parallel by similar methods to yield the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 16 following.







TABLE 16







Antiviral Effect of ANP diesters in cells infected with human 


cytomegalovirus (AD169)













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













219
<0.03
84.2
>2807


218
<0.03
7.49
>250


231
<0.03
19.0
>633


230
<0.03
3.72
>124


1
<0.03
51.5
>1717


2
0.11
18.3
166









Example 29
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in Cells Infected with Vaccinia Virus (Copenhagen)
Method:
Primary low passage human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell with the Copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus and incubated for 7 days. Media was then aspirated and cell monolayers were stained with crystal violet and rinsed with distilled water. Crystal violet associated with the cells was then quantified in a spectrophotometer and the concentration of the compound that was sufficient to reduce virus replication by 50% (EC50) was calculated. Cytotoxicity was measured in parallel by similar methods to yield the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 17 following.







TABLE 17







Antiviral Effect of ANP diesters in cells infected with


vaccinia virus (Copenhagen)















Selectivity



Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index
















219
0.09
>100
>1110



218
<0.03
>100
>3330



231
0.23
>100
>435



230
0.06
97.5
1625










Example 30
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in Cells Infected BK Virus (Gardner Strain)
Method:
Primary low passage human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell and incubated for 14 days. Media was then aspirated and total DNA was isolated and genome copy number was quantified by qPCR using the primers 5′-AGT GGA TGG GCA GCC TAT GTA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:1), 5′-TCA TAT CTG GGT CCC CTG GA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:2) and probe 5′-6-FAM AGG TAG AAG AGG TTA GGG TGT TTG ATG GCA CAG TAMRA-3′(SEQ ID NO:3). In a parallel experiment in uninfected cells cytotoxicity was determined by CELLTITER-GLO® find the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 18 following.







TABLE 18







Antiviral Effect of ANP diesters in cells infected BK virus (Gardner strain)













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













219
<0.03
6.54
>218


218
<0.03
2.80
>93


231
<0.03
13.29
>443


230
0.06
19.61
327


1
<0.03
3.06
>102


2
<0.03
7.14
>238









Example 31
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HFF Cells Infected with HSV-1 (E-377)
Method.
Primary low passage human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell with the E377 strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 and incubated for 3 days. Media was then aspirated and cell monolayers were stained with crystal violet and rinsed with distilled water. Crystal violet associated with the cells was then quantified in a spectrophotometer and the concentration of the compound that was sufficient to reduce virus replication by 50% (EC50) was calculated. Cytotoxicity was measured in parallel by similar methods to yield the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 19 following.







TABLE 19







Antiviral Effect of ANP diesters in HFF cells infected with HSV-1 (E-377)













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













219
1.25
19.3
15.4


218
0.92
14.5
15.8


231
1.40
88.3
63


230
2.77
82.2
30


1
1.08
>100
>93


2
>4.0
16.6
<4.2









Example 32
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HPV-11 Infected HEK 293 Cells
Method.
An origin-containing plasmid was co-transfected with HPV-11 E1 and E2 protein expression vectors into HEK 293 cells. At 4 hr post-transfection, cells were treated with compound dilutions and the cells were incubated for 48 hr. Replication of the virus origin was detected with DpnI and exonuclease III to remove unreplicated input bacterial plasmid DNA. Remaining replicated DNA was quantified by qPCR. Toxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion.
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 20 following.







TABLE 20







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters in HPV-11 infected HEK 293 cells













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













 1
0.49
>100
>204


 1a
[1.06, EC90]
—
—


 1b
[1.16, EC90]
—
—


218
0.77
>100
>370


 2
0.27
>100
>130


219
2.04
>10
>4.9


230
0.56
>10
>17.9


231
1.56
>10
>6.41





** EC90 is the concentration required to reduce viral replication by 90%.






Example 33
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HPV-16 Infected HEK 293 Cells
Method.
An origin-containing plasmid was co-transfected with HPV-16 E1 and E2 protein expression vectors into HEK 293 cells. At 4 hr post-transfection, cells were treated with compound dilutions and the cells were incubated for 48 hr. Replication of the virus origin was detected with DpnI and exonuclease III to remove unreplicated input bacterial plasmid DNA. Remaining replicated DNA was quantified by qPCR. Toxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion.
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 21 following.







TABLE 21







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters in HPV-16 infected HEK 293 cells.













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













218
0.24
>10
>41.7


219
2.23
>10
>4.48


1
0.20
>10
>50


19
5.27
>10
>1.9


2
0.99
>10
>10.1









Example 34
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HPV-18 Infected Primary Human Keratinocyte Rafts
Method.
Primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) were transfected with an HPV-18 genomic plasmid containing G418 resistance gene which was generated by Cre-loxP-mediated excision recombination. After a 4 day selection with G418, the surviving cells were cultured for 2-3 day and used to develop into raft cultures where the PHK cells stratify and differentiate into a squamous epithelium in 10 or more days. HPV-18 viral DNA usually amplifies between 10-14 days after the raft cultures are lifted to the air-medium interface. Efficacy and toxicity of the test compounds were determined at three concentrations added to the media from day 6 or 8 until day 14. Medium is changed every other day. Prior to harvest, BrdU is added to the medium at 100 μg/ml to document host cell DNA replication. One set of raft cultures (with or without test compounds) is harvested for quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to determine the copy number of HPV-18 DNA/cell. Another set of the raft cultures are fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and toxicity is determined by histology. Additional sections are subjected to in situ hybridization to localize viral DNA amplification and BrdU incorporation which denotes host DNA replication in basal and suprabasal strata.
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 22 following.







TABLE 22







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters in HPV-18 infected 


primary human keratinocyte rafts















Selectivity



Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index
















218
0.25
>10
>39



219
1.06
>10
>9.4



1
0.21
10
48










Example 35
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in JC Virus (MAD-1) Infected COS7 Cells
Method.
COS7 cells in 96-well plates were infected at an MOI of 0.01 PFU/cell with the MAD-1 strain of JC virus and incubated for 7 days. Media was then aspirated and total DNA was isolated and genome copy number was quantified by qPCR using primers 5′-CTG GTC ATG TGG ATG CTG TCA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:4) and 5′-GCC AGC AGG CTG TTG ATA CTG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:5) and probe 5′-6-FAM-CCC TTT GTT TGG CTG CT-TAMRA-3 (SEQ ID NO:6) together with the plasmid pMP508 to provide a standard curve for quantitation. In a parallel experiment in uninfected cells, cytotoxicity was determined by CELLTITER-GLO® to find the concentration that reduced cell number by 50% (CC50).
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 23 following.







TABLE 23







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters in JC virus (MAD-1) infected COS7 cells













Selectivity


Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index













1
0.07
63.8
911


2
>4
10.6
<2.7


218
>4
10.2
<2.6


219
>4
12.8
<3.2


230
>4
18.4
<4.6


231
>20
62.6
<3









Example 36
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters in HIV-192US727 Infected Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes
Method.
Human peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) based anti-HIV assays were performed as previously described (K. M. Watson, et al., 2008, Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 52:2787). Briefly, PHA-stimulated PBMCs cultured in the presence of IL-2 were suspended at 1×106 cells/mL and were added to a 96-well round-bottom plate. Serially diluted test materials were added to the plate in triplicate followed by the appropriate pre-titered strain of HIV. The culture was incubated for 7 days at 37° C./5% CO2. Following the incubation, supernatants were collected for analysis of virus replication by supernatant reverse transcriptase activity and cells analyzed for viability by tetrazolium dye XTT reduction (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide). All the assays were carried out in triplicate. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to analyze and graph data. The percent reduction in virus replication compared to the untreated virus controls was calculated for each compound. The percent cell control value was calculated for each compound comparing the drug treated uninfected cells to the uninfected cells in medium alone.
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 24 following.







TABLE 24







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters in HIV-192US727 infected 


human peripheral blood monocytes















Selectivity



Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index
















218
<0.010
0.23
>23.0



230
<0.10
0.55
>5.5



219
<0.10
2.87
>28.7



231
<0.30
19.0
>63.3



2
<0.010
11.0
>1100



1
<0.010
0.04
>4.0



19
<0.003
0.018
>9.0



25
<0.002
0.25
>125



164
<0.40
15.0
>37.5



146
<0.04
12.5
>312



74
<0.005
24.6
>4920



92
<0.005
24.1
>4820



73
<0.005
11.3
>2260










Example 37
Antiviral Effect of ANP Diesters on Hepatitis B Virus Replication in 2.2.15 Cells In Vitro
Method.
HBV antiviral assays (Korba & Gerin, Antivir. Res., 1992, 19:55 and Iyer, et al., Antivir Agents Chem Chemother., 2004, 48:2199) are conducted using confluent cultures of 2.2.15 cells (genotype ayw; parental cell HepG2) maintained on 96-well flat-bottomed tissue culture plates. Confluence in this culture system is required for active, high levels of HBV replication equivalent to that observed in chronically-infected individuals (Sells, et al., J. Virol., 1988, 62:2836; Korba & Gerin, Antivir. Res., 1992, 19:55). Cultures are treated for 7 days. HBV DNA levels in the culture medium (representing HBV virion production) are assessed by quantitative blot hybridization 24 hrs. after the last treatment. Cytotoxicity is assessed (A510) by uptake of neutral red dye 24 hr. following the last treatment. Lamivudine (LMV) is used as the standard assay control. EC50, EC90 and CC50 values are calculated by linear regression analysis (MS EXCEL®, QUATTROPRO®) using data combined from all treated cultures (Korba & Gerin, 1992, Id.; Okuse, et al., Antivir. Res., 2005, 65:23). Standard deviations for EC50 and EC90 values are calculated from the standard errors generated by the regression analyses. EC50 and EC90 are drug concentrations at which a 2-fold, or a 10-fold depression of HBV DNA (relative to the average levels in untreated cultures), respectively, is observed. CC50 is the drug concentration at which a 2-fold lower level of neutral red dye uptake (relative to the average levels in untreated cultures) is observed.
Results.
Results are tabulated in Table 25 following.







TABLE 25







Antiviral effect of ANP diesters on hepatitis B virus 


replication in 2.2.15 cells in vitro.















Selectivity



Compound #
EC50, μM
CC50, μM
Index
















2
0.88
>100
>113



218
0.76
>100
>132



219
0.45
>100
>223



19
43.0
>100
>2.33



1
0.44
>100
>226



146
33.0
>100
>3.03



164
0.46
>100
>216



74
6.5
64
10



92
7.3
68
9.3



73
34
63
1.9










VII. Embodiments
A first set of embodiments P1-P7 follows.
Embodiment P1
A compound with structure of Formula (I):




or stereoisomer, salt, hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, wherein BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base, or analog thereof; L is a lipophilic promoiety, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; R is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl; and X is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl.

Embodiment P2
A method of treating a viral disease in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of embodiment P1.
Embodiment P3
A method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of embodiment P1.
Embodiment P4
A method of killing or inhibiting the growth of a transformed cell, comprising contacting a transformed cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of embodiment P1.
Embodiment P5
A method for treating a proliferative disorder in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of embodiment P1.
Embodiment P6
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to embodiment P1, and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
Embodiment P7
A method for synthesis of a compound with structure of Formula
(I) according to Scheme 2:




wherein BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base, or analog thereof; L is a lipophilic promoiety, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; R is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroaryl; and X is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower heteroalkyl; and Y is a leaving group; the method including: 1) contacting a protected nucleoside BNuc with structure of Formula (2-1) with an ester with structure of Formula (2-2) in the presence of a strong base under conditions suitable to afford a monoester with structure of Formula (2-3); and 2) reacting said monoester with structure of Formula (2-3) with L-OH in the presence of a coupling agent, thereby synthesizing a compound with structure of Formula (I).

Further embodiments include the following.
Embodiment 1
A compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof




wherein: BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine; La is an unsubstituted C12-24 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety is substituted with one or more groups selected from an unsubstituted C13-29 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl (C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); Ra is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); and Xa is hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.

Embodiment 2
The compound of embodiment 1 wherein Xa is hydrogen.
Embodiment 3
The compound of embodiment 1 wherein Xa is methyl.
Embodiment 4
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Xa is methoxy.
Embodiment 5
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Xa is a fluoro substituted C1-6 alkyl.
Embodiment 6
The compound of embodiment 5, wherein Xa is a CH2F.
Embodiment 7
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Xa is a CH2OH.
Embodiment 8
The compound of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein La is an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl.
Embodiment 9
The compound of embodiment 8, wherein La has the structure —(CH2)1-6—O—(CH2)11-21—CH3.
Embodiment 10
The compound of embodiment 9, wherein La has the structure —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)17—CH3.
Embodiment 11
The compound of embodiment 9, wherein La has the structure —(CH2)3—O—(CH2)15—CH3.
Embodiment 12
The compound of embodiment 8, wherein La has the structure —(CH2)1-6—O—(CH2)10-20—(CHCH3)—CH3.
Embodiment 13
The compound of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein La is a substituted glyceryl moiety.
Embodiment 14
The compound of embodiment 13, wherein La has the structure —(CH2)—CH(ORa1)—(CH2)—O(CH2)11-21—CH3, wherein Ra1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl).
Embodiment 15
The compound of embodiment 14, wherein La has the structure




Embodiment 16
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Ra is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
Embodiment 17
The compound of embodiment 16, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.
Embodiment 18
The compound of embodiment 16, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl.
Embodiment 19
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Ra is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl).
Embodiment 20
The compound of embodiment 19, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl) is a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl.
Embodiment 21
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein Ra is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl).
Embodiment 22
The compound of embodiment 21, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl) is a substituted or unsubstituted galactosyl.
Embodiment 23
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring purine.
Embodiment 24
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring pyrimidine.
Embodiment 25
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein BNuc(a) is a non-naturally occurring purine.
Embodiment 26
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein BNuc(a) is a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine.
Embodiment 27
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein BNuc(a) is selected from the group consisting of:




Embodiment 28
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound has the structure:




Embodiment 29
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound has the structure:




Embodiment 30
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound has the structure:




Embodiment 31
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound is selected from any one of the compounds in Tables 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof.
Embodiment 32
The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:













or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form of any of the foregoing.

Embodiment 33
A pharmaceutical composition including an effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
Embodiment 34
The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 33, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a cream, a gel or an ointment.
Embodiment 35
The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 33 or 34, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a topical formulation.
Embodiment 36
Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease is selected from the group consisting of human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
Embodiment 37
The use of embodiment 36, wherein said virus is human papilloma virus.
Embodiment 38
The use of embodiment 37, said compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating a plurality of types of human papilloma virus.
Embodiment 39
The use of embodiment 37, wherein the human papilloma virus is selected from the group consisting human papilloma virus type 11, type 16 and type 18.
Embodiment 40
Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating cancer of the cervix in a subject.
Embodiment 41
Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
Embodiment 42
A compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating a viral disease in a subject, wherein the viral disease is selected from the group consisting of human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
Embodiment 43
The compound of embodiment 42, wherein said virus is human papilloma virus.
Embodiment 44
The compound of embodiment 43, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating a plurality of types of human papilloma virus.
Embodiment 45
The compound of embodiment 43, wherein the human papilloma virus is selected from the group consisting human papilloma virus type 11, type 16 and type 18.
Embodiment 46
A compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in treating cancer of the cervix in a subject.
Embodiment 47
A compound of any one of embodiments 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or crystalline form thereof, for use in inhibiting growth of a cell transformed by a virus, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of human papilloma virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein Barr virus, BK virus, JC virus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.
Embodiment 48
A method for synthesis of the compound of Formula (Ia) according to Embodiment 1:




wherein: BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine; La is an unsubstituted C12-24 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety is substituted with one or more groups selected from an unsubstituted C13-29 alkyl, an unsubstituted C13-29 heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); le is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-6 alkyl), a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl); Xa is hydrogen, an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl or an unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy; and Ya is a leaving group; the method including: contacting a compound of Formula (2-1a) that has a protected BNuc(a) with a compound of Formula (2-2a) in the presence of a strong base to form a compound of Formula (2-3a); and reacting the compound of Formula (2-3a) with La-OH in the presence of a coupling agent to form the compound of Formula (Ia).

## Claims

1. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I comprising combining an alcohol R—OH, a coupling agent, a base, an organic solvent, and a compound of formula:



wherein
BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base;
X is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl; and
L is a C13-29 heteroalkyl or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2) (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently alkyl or aryl;

thereby obtaining a compound of Formula I:




wherein
R is aryl, benzyl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl).

2. The process of claim 1, further comprising resolving the compound of Formula I to an optically active enantiomer or diastereomer of Formula I.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein R—OH is benzyl alcohol.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the coupling agent is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the base is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

7. A process for preparing a compound of Formula Ia comprising combining an alcohol Ra—OH, a coupling agent, a base, an organic solvent, and a compound of formula:



wherein
BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine;
Xa is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkoxy; and
La is C12-24 alkyl, C13-29 heteroalkyl, or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety may be substituted with one or more groups selected from C13-29 alkyl, C13-29 heteroalkyl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl) and heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl);

thereby obtaining a compound of Formula Ia:




wherein
Ra is aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl).

8. The process of claim 7, further comprising resolving the compound of Formula Ia to obtain an optically active enantiomer or diastereomer of Formula Ia.

9. The process of claim 7, wherein Ra—OH is benzyl alcohol.

10. The process of claim 7, wherein the coupling agent is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

11. The process of claim 7, wherein the base is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

12. The process of claim 7, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

13. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I comprising combining an alcohol L-OH, a coupling agent, a base, an organic solvent, and a compound of Formula 2-3



wherein
BNuc is a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base;
X is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl; and
R is aryl, benzyl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl);

thereby obtaining a compound of Formula I:




wherein
L is C13-29 heteroalkyl or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2), wherein R1 and R2 are independently alkyl or aryl.

14. The process of claim 13, further comprising resolving the compound of Formula I to obtain an optically active enantiomer or diastereomer of Formula I.

15. The process of claim 13, wherein L-OH is 2-(octadecyloxy)ethan-1-ol.

16. The process of claim 13, wherein the coupling agent is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

17. The process of claim 13, wherein the base is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

18. The process of claim 13, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

19. A process for preparing a compound of Formula Ia comprising combining an alcohol La-OH, a coupling agent, a base, an organic solvent, and a compound of Formula 2-3a:



wherein
BNuc(a) is a naturally occurring purine, a naturally occurring pyrimidine, a non-naturally occurring purine or a non-naturally occurring pyrimidine;
Xa is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, a halogen substituted C1-6 alkyl, a hydroxy substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkoxy; and
Ra is aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl);

thereby obtaining a compound of Formula Ia:




wherein
La is C12-24 alkyl, C13-29 heteroalkyl or a substituted glyceryl moiety, wherein the glyceryl moiety may be substituted with one or more groups selected from C13-29 alkyl, C13-29 heteroalkyl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heterocycloalkyl(C1-6 alkyl).

20. The process of claim 19, further comprising resolving the compound of Formula Ia to obtain an optically active enantiomer or diastereomer of Formula Ia.

21. The process of claim 19, wherein La-OH is 2-(octadecyloxy)ethan-1-ol.

22. The process of claim 19, wherein the coupling agent is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

23. The process of claim 19, wherein the base is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

24. The process of claim 19, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

25. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I comprising combining a strong base, an organic solvent, a compound of Formula 3-1:




and a compound Formula 3-2:



wherein
Y is a leaving group;
BNuc is a naturally occurring or modified purine or pyrimidine base;
X is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl;
L is C13-29 heteroalkyl or O-substituted glyceryl having the formula —CH2CH(OR1)—CH2(OR2), wherein R1 and R2 are independently alkyl or aryl; and
R is aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, aryl(C1-6 alkyl), or heteroaryl(C1-6 alkyl);

thereby obtaining a compound of Formula I:

26. The process of claim 25, further comprising resolving the compound of Formula I to obtain an optically active enantiomer or diastereomer of Formula I.

27. The process of claim 25, wherein Y is a leaving group selected from p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, bromo and iodo.

28. The process of claim 1, wherein BNUC is guanine.

29. The process of claim 7, wherein BNUC is guanine.

30. The process of claim 29, wherein La is C13-C29 heteroalkyl.

31. The process of claim 30, wherein La is (CH2)2—O—(CH2)17CH3.

32. The process of claim 31, wherein Xa is hydrogen.

33. The process of claim 13, wherein BNUC is guanine.

34. The process of claim 19, wherein BNUC is guanine.

35. The process of claim 34, wherein La is C13-C29 heteroalkyl.

36. The process of claim 35, wherein La is (CH2)2—O—(CH2)17CH3.

37. The process of claim 36, wherein Xa is hydrogen.

38. The process of claim 25, wherein BNUC is guanine.

39. The process of claim 38, wherein La is C13-C29 heteroalkyl.

40. The process of claim 39, wherein La is (CH2)2—O—(CH2)17CH3.

41. The process of claim 40, wherein Xa is hydrogen.

42. A process comprising combining benzyl alcohol, a coupling agent, a base, an organic solvent, and a compound of formula:



thereby obtaining a compound of formula:

43. The process of claim 42, wherein the coupling agent is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

44. The process of claim 42, wherein the base is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

45. The process of claim 42, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.