# Patent

## Title
MAC address synchronization in a fabric switch

## Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for facilitating synchronization of MAC addresses in a fabric switch. During operation, the system divides a number of media access control (MAC) addresses associated with devices coupled to an interface of the switch. The system then computes a checksum for a respective chunk of MAC addresses. In addition, the system broadcasts MAC address information of the chunk to facilitate MAC address synchronization in a fabric switch of which the switch is a member, and to manage the chunks and their corresponding checksum, thereby correcting an unsynchronized or race condition in the fabric switch.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 14/154,106, titled “MAC Address Synchronization in a Fabric Switch,” by inventor Vardarajan Venkatesh, filed 13 Jan. 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/751,803, titled “MAC ADDRESS SYNCHRONIZATION IN A FABRIC SWITCH,” by inventor Vardarajan Venkatesh, filed 11 Jan. 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The present disclosure is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/087,239, titled “Virtual Cluster Switching,” by inventors Suresh Vobbilisetty and Dilip Chatwani, filed 14 Apr. 2011; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/725,249, titled “Redundant Host Connection in a Routed Network,” by inventors Somesh Gupta, Anoop Ghanwani, Phanidhar Koganti, and Shunjia Yu, filed 16 Mar. 2010; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/365,808, titled “CLEARING FORWARDING ENTRIES DYNAMICALLY AND ENSURING CONSISTENCY OF TABLES ACROSS ETHERNET FABRIC SWITCH,” by inventors Mythilikanth Raman, Mary Manohar, Wei-Chivan Chen, Gangadhar Vegesana, Vardarajan Venkatesh, and Raju Shekarappa, filed 3 Feb. 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND
Field
The present disclosure relates to network management. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method and system for distributed management of layer-2 address table entries.
Related Art
The growth of the Internet has brought with it an increasing demand for bandwidth. As a result, equipment vendors race to build larger and faster networks with large number of switches, each capable of supporting a large number of end devices, to move more traffic efficiently. However, managing the forwarding entries associated with these end devices becomes complex when the forwarding information is distributed across the switches. Particularly, due to distributed forwarding table updates, it is essential to maintain consistency across a network.
Meanwhile, layer-2 (e.g., Ethernet) switching technologies continue to evolve. More routing-like functionalities, which have traditionally been the characteristics of layer-3 (e.g., Internet Protocol or IP) networks, are migrating into layer-2. Notably, the recent development of the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) protocol allows Ethernet switches to function more like routing devices. TRILL overcomes the inherent inefficiency of the conventional spanning tree protocol, which forces layer-2 switches to be coupled in a logical spanning-tree topology to avoid looping. TRILL allows routing bridges (RBridges) to be coupled in an arbitrary topology without the risk of looping by implementing routing functions in switches and including a hop count in the TRILL header.
While TRILL brings many desirable features to layer-2 networks, some issues remain unsolved when a distributed yet consistent mechanism to clear entries from a layer-2 address table is desired.
SUMMARY
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for facilitating synchronization of MAC addresses in a fabric switch. During operation, the system divides a number of media access control (MAC) addresses associated with devices coupled to an interface of the switch into a number of chunks. The system then computes a checksum for a respective chunk of MAC addresses. In addition, the system broadcasts MAC address information of the chunk to facilitate MAC address synchronization in a fabric switch of which the switch is a member, and to manage the chunks and their corresponding checksum, thereby correcting an unsynchronized or race condition in the fabric switch.
In a variation on this embodiment, managing the chunks and their corresponding checksum involves refraining from sending an updated checksum of a respective chunk after at least one MAC address within that chunk has been updated, if an update to the corresponding chunk has been received from another switch.
In a variation on this embodiment, the system sends a checksum of a respective chunk to other switches in the fabric switch after a guard timer has expired.
In a variation on this embodiment, the system sends content of a chunk to a remote switch in response to a message indicating an unsynchronized condition associated with a chunk from the remote switch, if an updated to the chunk has not be received by the local switch within a past predetermined time window.
In a variation on this embodiment, the system refrains from comparing a new checksum received for a chunk from an owner switch of the chunk, if an update to the chunk has been received from another switch other than the owner switch within a past predetermined time window.
In a variation on this embodiment, the checksum for a respective chunk is related to the content of that chunk but not related to the order of the MAC addresses in that chunk.
In a further variation on this embodiment, each chunk of MAC addresses associated with the interface includes MAC addresses with the same last n bits, wherein n is a predetermined number.
In a further variation on this embodiment, any chunking method that is dependent on the content only can be used



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary TRILL network with distributed forwarding information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary network where a virtual RBridge identifier is assigned to two physical TRILL RBridges which are coupled to end devices via virtually aggregated links, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary ownership bitmap for a layer-2 forwarding table entry, wherein the forwarding table entry corresponds to an end device associated with a virtual RBridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2C illustrates an exemplary scenario where MAC address update messages can reach a node out of order.
FIG. 3 presents a flow chart illustrating the process of an owner RBridge sending out a MAC update, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 presents a flow chart illustrating the process of a receiver RBridge receiving a chunk checksum update, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a switch with distributed forwarding table update capability, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the claims.
In embodiments of the present invention, the problem of consistently layer-2 (L2) media access control (MAC) address tables in a fabric switch is solved by dividing the MAC addresses maintained at a respective member switch into a number of chunks, generating a signature (such as a checksum) for each chunk, and comparing these signatures in the process of updating the MAC address tables.
In general, consider a fabric switch, which includes a number of physical member switches and functions as a single, logical switch (for example, as one logical L2 switch), such as Brocade's virtual cluster switch (VCS). Each member switch (which in the case of VCS can be a transparent interconnection of lots of links (TRILL) routing bridge (RBridge) maintains a MAC address database for L2 forwarding. Ideally, this MAC address database is the same at every member switch for the fabric switch to function properly. In order for the MAC address database to be consistent across all member switches in the fabric, typically, a software based MAC distribution method is used to distribute MAC addresses learned at a particular member switch to all other member switches in the fabric. However, under different circumstances the MAC address database at various nodes could go out of synchronization (such as when an edge device is moved from one member switch to another), which can result in erroneous forwarding. The method and system disclosed herein facilitate detection and correction of such potential erroneous forwarding.
Traditionally for bridged networks there is no notion of identical bridge tables at all bridges in the network. This is because bridges learn MAC addresses when traffic passes through them. In a bridged network where MAC databases are updated from node-to-node through software (as opposed to the natural learning behavior) is with multi-chassis trunking (MCT), also called virtual link aggregation (VLAG), where two or more RBridges form a virtual RBridge to facilitate link aggregation. In such scenarios the MAC synchronization problem is considerably simpler because typical vendors do not support MCT of more than two physical switches, and there is no need to synchronize outside the MCT for the MACs learned on the MCT. Consequently, the types of race conditions are much more limited. L2 switch stacking solutions also work on the notion of a stack master which is responsible for disseminating the MAC information across the stack member switches hence the synchronization problems can be avoided. However, in a fabric switch, because MAC addresses learned at different member switches need to be distributed throughout the fabric, and because edge devices are free to move from one member switch to another, race conditions often occur.
Note that in this disclosure, a member switch of a fabric switch is referred to as an RBridge, although embodiments of the present invention are not limited to TRILL implementations.
The MAC database as a whole has many owners for its various parts, because the MAC addresses can be learned at different member switches. Specifically, definition of an RBridge owning a MAC is that the MAC is behind an edge L2 interface of that RBridge. All physical L2 interface MACs are owned by the corresponding associated RBridge. For a MAC address behind a vLAG one could argue that all the member RBridges of that vLAG own the MAC. In this disclosure, the RBridge that actually sends out software update message for the MAC address are considered its owners. It is possible that multiple members of the vLAG could send out a MAC address database update (this can happen if the MAC address is seen for the first time simultaneously by multiple members of the vLAG). Therefore, the concept of ownership of a MAC behind a vLAG is manifested by a set bit of the bitmap representing the member RBridges of the vLAG. The degenerate case of this example is when the bitmap is empty—this can happen when all the original nodes of the vLAG have left the vLAG. The current vLAG primary is considered the owner of such MAC addresses.
Regardless of which switch is the owner of a given MAC, the owner synchronizes the MAC with all other members of the fabric. Hence in a steady state it is expected that all the nodes have a common view of the entire MAC database. Due to different race conditions it is possible that this view is disrupted.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary TRILL network with distributed MAC forwarding information, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a TRILL network 100 includes RBridges 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105. End devices 112 and 114 are coupled to RBridge 101 and end devices 116 and 118 are coupled to RBridge 105. RBridges in network 100 use edge ports to communicate to end devices and TRILL ports to communicate to other RBridges. For example, RBridge 101 is coupled to end devices 112 and 114 via edge ports and to RBridges 102, 103, and 105 via TRILL ports.
In some embodiments, TRILL network 100 may be an Ethernet fabric switch. In some further embodiments, the Ethernet fabric switch may be a virtual cluster switch. In an exemplary Ethernet fabric switch, any number of RBridges in any arbitrary topology may logically operate as a single switch. Any new RBridge may join or leave the Ethernet fabric switch in “plug-and-play” mode without any manual configuration.
During operation, in FIG. 1, RBridge 101 dynamically learns the MAC addresses of end devices 112 and 114 when the devices send frames through RBridge 101 and stores them in a local forwarding table. In some embodiments, RBridge 101 distributes the learned MAC addresses to all other RBridges in network 100. Similarly, RBridge 105 learns the MAC addresses of end devices 116 and 118, and distributes the information to all other RBridges.
In a virtual link aggregation, multiple RBridges can learn the MAC address of an end device and may become the owner of all forwarding entries associated with the MAC address. The ownership association and the two-tier clear command can maintain consistency in forwarding tables for such multiple ownership entries as well. FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary network where a virtual RBridge identifier is assigned to two physical TRILL RBridges which are coupled to end devices via virtually aggregated links, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, a TRILL network 200 includes RBridges 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205. RBridge 205 is coupled to an end device 232. End devices 222 and 224 are both dual-homed and coupled to RBridges 201 and 202. The goal is to allow a dual-homed end station to use both physical links to two separate TRILL RBridges as a single, logical aggregate link, with the same MAC address. Such a configuration would achieve true redundancy and facilitate fast protection switching.
RBridges 201 and 202 are configured to operate in a special “trunked” mode for end devices 222 and 224. End devices 222 and 224 view RBridges 201 and 202 as a common virtual RBridge 210, with a corresponding virtual RBridge identifier. Dual-homed end devices 222 and 224 are considered to be logically coupled to virtual RBridge 210 via logical links represented by dotted lines. Virtual RBridge 210 is considered to be logically coupled to both RBridges 201 and 202, optionally with zero-cost links (also represented by dotted lines). RBridges which participate in link aggregation and form a virtual RBridge are referred to as “partner RBridges.”
When end device 222 sends a packet to end device 232 via ingress RBridge 201, RBridge 201 learns the MAC address of end device 222 and distributes the learned MAC address to all other RBridges in network 200. All other RBridges update their respective forwarding tables with an entry corresponding to end device 222 and assign RBridge 201 as the owner of the entry. As end device 222 is coupled to RBridge 202, end device 222 may send a packet to end device 232 via RBridge 202 as well. Consequently, RBridge 202 learns the MAC address of end device 222 and distributes the learned MAC address to all other RBridges in network 200. All other RBridges then add RBridge 202 as an owner of the entry associated with end device 222 as well.
FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary ownership bitmap for a layer-2 forwarding table entry, wherein the forwarding table entry corresponds to an end device associated with a virtual RBridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The two most significant bits of ownership bitmap 250 in FIG. 2B are associated with RBridges 201 and 202, respectively. In this example, only the two most significant bits of bitmap 250 are set. Hence, bitmap 250 represents an ownership by RBridges 201 and 202, and can be used to indicate the ownership of the MAC addresses of end devices 222 and 224 in respective forwarding tables in all RBridges in network 200.
In FIG. 2A, during operation, a first command to clear dynamically learned MAC addresses from forwarding tables is issued from RBridge 203. Upon receiving the first clear command, RBridge 201 issues a second clear command to terminate ownership of entries owned by RBridge 201. When other RBridges receive this second command, they remove the ownership associations between RBridge 201 and the MAC addresses of end devices 222 and 224. In some embodiments, the ownership association is removed by clearing the bit corresponding to RBridge 201 in an ownership bitmap. However, as forwarding entries associated with end devices 222 and 224 are also owned by RBridge 202, other RBridges do not remove these entries from local forwarding tables. Upon receiving the first clear command, RBridge 202 also issues the second clear command to terminate ownership of entries owned by RBridge 202. When other RBridges receive this second command from RBridge 202, the ownership associations between RBridge 201 and the MAC addresses of end devices 222 and 224 are terminated. As no other RBridge owns the entries for the MAC addresses of end devices 222 and 224, they are removed from the respective forwarding tables in all RBridges in network 200.
To address MAC synchronization problems, embodiments of the present invention divides all the MAC addresses learned at a respective interface on an RBridge into a number of content dependent chunks, and generate a checksum for each chunk so that these checksums can be compared to determine whether a potential race condition has occurred. Also, the chunking scheme allows the detection and repair schemes to scale at various extremes (such as a large number of MACs on a single port and/or single VLAN). In general, the chunking scheme produces a reasonable chunk size that is neither too large nor too small. In addition, the chunks are content dependent, but are independent from the orders of the MAC addresses within.
In one embodiment, the following chunking scheme is used on each Rbridge in the fabric: First, an RBridge, referred to as R1, chooses a local L2 interface, referred to as I1. Note that vLAGs of which R1 is part of are also considered to be a local L2 interface for R1. Next, consider the set of MACs, referred to as (S), learned on I1 which are owned by R1. In the case of a vLAG, the vLAG primary switch can further partition this set of MACs into two sets, one for the MACs that the primary switch really owns (e.g., physically coupled MACs), and one for the MACs whose corresponding bit associated with the primary switch is not set and R1 just happens to “own” the MAC because it is the current vLAG primary switch.
The mechanism to divide (S) into chunks is content dependant. Consider each of the sets above. Take, for example, the least significant n bits (say n=4) of each MAC and based on these n bits divide (S) into 2^n (which in this case is 16) disjoint sets (chunks). On average, this scheme would result in a chunk size that is 1/16 the size of (S). Note that each member switch of the fabric can independently identify a respective chunk by the 3-tuple <RBridge-id, interface id, value-of-last-4-bits-of-MAC>. This chunk identifier can be sent along with the chunk checksum as described below.
In order to compare the consistency of MAC address maintained at different switches, embodiments of the present invention allows a respective switch to exchange chunk signatures (e.g., checksums). Comparing chunk signatures facilitates detection of MAC address record discrepancy. In general, the checksum of a chunk should exhibit the following properties:

    
    
        (1) The chances of two different MAC address sets producing the same checksum should be very low.
        (2) The checksum should be an unordered set, as opposed to an ordered set. In other words, the computation of a checksum should be commutative.
        (3) Ideally, the checksum size is significantly smaller than the size of the chunk.
        (4) The computation load of calculating the checksum should be reasonably low.
        (5) It is preferable that incremental checksums can be calculated as MAC addresses are added or removed from the chunk. For example, if C is the checksum of S, and a MAC address {M} is added to S, the system preferably computes the new checksum of {S}∪{M} incrementally from C Likewise, for deletion of a MAC address from S, the system also calculates the new checksum incrementally, without having to re-compute the checksum for the entire set. This property makes the checksum computation a “pay-as-you-go” scheme and saves on computational resources.
    
    


Various checksum computation algorithms can be used. In one embodiment, the system uses a modulo prime multiplication and inverse method. With this method the system can attain the commutative property for the checksum and perform incremental computation. A prime that can be used here is 2^31-1 (a Mersenne prime). The system can perform the computation on each of the corresponding bytes of the MACs. Specifically, let M1=M10:M11:M12:M13:M14:M15 and M2=M20:M21:M22:M23:M24:M25. The system then computes C1=f(M10, M20), C2=f(M11, M21) . . . C6=f(M15, M25). In addition, the system breaks up the VLANID in a byte-wise manner and computes two additional checksums. The system then stores each of the byte-wise checksum result in 32-bit precision. When a MAC address is added to the set, the system updates the byte-wise checksum using the added MAC address. When a MAC address is deleted from the set, the system updates the checksum using the byte-wise multiplicative inverse of the deleted MAC (which can be more than one byte). In one embodiment, the system can pre-compute and store the multiplicative inverses of 0-255 modulo the prime. The size of this checksum is 4*8=32 bytes. This scheme requires 8*4=32 modulo multiplications per MAC entry that is added to or deleted from a chunk. To get additional uncorrelated hashes, the system can add a seed to each of the bytes, e.g., C1′=f(M10+3, M20+3), etc. If the system uses 4 such seeds, it can obtain 32*4=128 bytes of total checksum.
Another commutative operation with inverse could be addition (again byte-by-byte of the MAC). During an addition of a MAC to the chunk the system does a byte-wise addition to update the checksum and during deletion of the MAC from the set it does a byte-wise subtraction to update the checksum. In order to strengthen the checksum to reduce likelihood of collision, the system could also do sum of squares, cubes, fourths, etc. of the bytes of the MAC (since byte-wise add checksum match for 2 sets of MACs does not automatically mean the byte-wise sum of squares would match and so on). All these higher powers can be pre-computed and stored (255 values). This provides a good compromise over the multiply scheme. For the addition the system can calculate all the results up to 32 bit precision—that way the sum and sum of squares would not hit the 2^32 limit based on the average size of each set through chunking. This checksum essentially would have the same size as modulo-prime multiplication except that it is computationally cheaper.
FIG. 2C illustrates an exemplary scenario where MAC address update messages can reach a node out of order. In this example, let S be a chunk of MACs owned by RBridge R1 that it is trying to make sure the content of S is consistent across the fabric switch. The goal is to allow nodes in the fabric switch to compare the checksum of a respective chunk to determine discrepancies. This approach is valid as long as there has not been any change to S caused by nodes other than R1. As long as all changes to S are from R1 then comparing checksums is meaningful. Otherwise a checksum mismatch can result from a timing (race) situation. In the example in FIG. 2, assume that MAC M originally belongs to {S} at R1. Assume that first a new MAC M2 is added to {S}. As a result, R1 sends out a MAC address update, together with the checksum for {S} and the identifier of {S}. Shortly thereafter, the device associated with MAC M moves from R1 to R3. In response, R3 broadcasts a MAC address update to both R1 and R2. Assume that R3's update reaches R2 before R1's update does. Consequently, R2 considers these two conflicting update messages for {S}.
One embodiment of the present invention adopts the following procedure to correct the above race condition:

    
    
        The owner (R1) of a set of MACs {S} would send out a new checksum of {S} together with its MAC address update if there has been no change to S by another RBridge (R3 in this example) in the last t (e.g., t=3) seconds.
        The receiver of a checksum does not perform a checksum comparison of {S} if there has been a change to S by another RBridge in the last t seconds.
        If an out-of-synch message reaches R1 within t seconds of a change to {S} by another RBridge, R1 would discard this out-of-synch message.
        In the case of a vLAG, if any of the set of MAC addresses with their associated bit in the ownership bitmap empty has changed in the last t seconds, the primary switch of the vLAG will not send a checksum for that set. Likewise, the receiver of the checksum will not compare the received checksum if its associated ownership bitmap has changed in the last t seconds.
    
    


FIG. 3 presents a flow chart illustrating the process of an owner RBridge sending out a MAC update, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. During operation, the owner of a chunk of MAC addresses {S} checks whether any MAC address in {S} has been updated (operation 302). If so, the owner computes a new checksum for {S} (operation 304). Subsequently, the system determines whether there has been any change to {S} received from another RBridge (operation 306). If there has been no such change in the last t seconds, the owner sends out a MAC address update for {S} to other nodes with the checksum of {S} (operation 312).
If there has been at least one change to one or more MACs in {S} in the last t seconds, the system sends out the MAC update for {S} to other nodes without the checksum (operation 308). Subsequently, the system waits for a guard timer to expire (operation 310). In one embodiment, this guard timer can be randomized and is statically set to be approximately 30 seconds. After the guard timer is expired, the system then broadcasts the checksum for {S} (operation 312).
When there is no update received at the owner node (i.e., the “NO” branch at operation 302), the system by default waits for the guard timer to expire (operation 310). Each time the guard timer expires, the system broadcasts the checksum for {S} (operation 312).
FIG. 4 presents a flow chart illustrating the process of a receiver RBridge receiving a chunk checksum update, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. During operation, a receiver RBridge receives the checksum for a chunk {S} from the owner of {S} (operation 402). The receiving node then determines whether it has received change to {S} from another node in the last t seconds (operation 404). If so, the receiving node does nothing. Otherwise, the receiving node compares its old checksum with the new received checksum (operation 406). The receiving node then determines if the old checksum is different from the new checksum (operation 408). If the two are the same, the system does nothing. If they are different, the receiving node sends a request to the owner, together with the discrepancy (operation 410). Subsequently, if the owner sends a response (e.g., the entire content of {S}) to the receiving node, the receiving node repairs its records for {S} (operation 412).
To repair the inconsistent records of {S} at a remote node, once the owner of a set of MACs receives an out-of-sync message from the remote node, it could trigger a few directed queries to reconfirm that it is not a transient/race condition—the rules of when to send the checksum would still follow the false positive reduction heuristics as mentioned above. Alternatively, it could track the number of consecutive out-of-syncs of a chunk from a remote node. If this number exceeds a threshold number the owner would then unicast the contents of that chunk to that remote node.
The receiver of a chunk of MACs {S} would have to apply the difference from its version of S, referred to as S′. In order that there is no unnecessary data path effects, this can be done by: adding entries {S−S′}; deleting {S′−S}; and for entries {S∩S′} performing no operation.
Exemplary Switch System
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a switch with distributed forwarding table update capability, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, an RBridge 500 includes a number of edge ports 502 and TRILL ports 504, a TRILL management module 520, an ownership module 530, an Ethernet frame processor 510, and a storage 550. TRILL management module 520 further includes a TRILL header processing module 522 and a notification module 526.
TRILL ports 504 include inter-switch communication channels for communication with one or more RBridges. These inter-switch communication channels can be implemented via a regular communication port and based on any open or proprietary format. Furthermore, the inter-switch communication between RBridges is not required to be direct port-to-port communication.
During operation, edge ports 502 receive frames from (and transmit frames to) end devices. Ethernet frame processor 510 extracts and processes header information from the received frames. From the extracted header, RBridge 500 learns the MAC addresses of end devices. Ownership module 530 creates an ownership association between the RBridge and the learned MAC addresses. Notification module 526 creates notification messages about the ownership association. TRILL header processing module 522 encapsulates the notification messages in TRILL packets and forwards the notification to all other RBridges.
In some embodiments, RBridge 500 may participate in a virtual link aggregation and form a virtual RBridge, wherein TRILL management module 520 further includes a virtual RBridge configuration module 524, and ownership module 530 further includes an age-out control module 536 and a MAC address management module 537. TRILL header processing module 522 generates the TRILL header and outer Ethernet header for ingress frames corresponding to the virtual RBridge. Virtual RBridge configuration module 524 manages the communication with RBridges associated with the virtual RBridge and handles various inter-switch communications, such as link and node failure notifications. Virtual RBridge configuration module 524 allows a user to configure and assign the identifier for the virtual RBridges. Furthermore, age-out control module 536 handles aging out of forwarding entries associated with dynamically learned MAC addresses from the virtual link aggregation.
MAC address management module 537 can include a chunking module, a checksum module, and a MAC synchronization module. The chunking module is responsible for dividing MAC addresses into chunks. The checksum module is responsible for computing checksums for the chunks. The MAC synchronization module is responsible for performing the MAC synchronization methods described above.
In some embodiments, RBridge 500 is in an Ethernet fabric switch, and may include a virtual switch management module 540 and a logical switch 542. Virtual switch management module 540 maintains a configuration database in storage 550 that maintains the configuration state of every switch within the fabric switch. Virtual switch management module 540 also maintains the state of logical switch 542, which is used to join other fabric switches. In some embodiments, logical switch 542 can be configured to operate in conjunction with Ethernet frame processor 510 as a logical Ethernet switch.
Note that the above-mentioned modules can be implemented in hardware as well as in software. In one embodiment, these modules can be embodied in computer-executable instructions stored in a memory which is coupled to one or more processors in RBridge 500. When executed, these instructions cause the processor(s) to perform the aforementioned functions.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a switch, a method and a system for distributed management of layer-2 address table entries. In one embodiment, the switch includes an ownership management mechanism and a notification mechanism. The ownership management mechanism maintains a local ownership association between the switch and a medium access control (MAC) address learned at the switch, and terminates the local ownership association for the MAC address. The notification mechanism generates a first notification specifying the local ownership association and a second notification specifying the termination of the local ownership association.
The methods and processes described herein can be embodied as code and/or data, which can be stored in a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium. When a computer system reads and executes the code and/or data stored on the computer-readable non-transitory storage medium, the computer system performs the methods and processes embodied as data structures and code and stored within the medium.
The methods and processes described herein can be executed by and/or included in hardware modules or apparatus. These modules or apparatus may include, but are not limited to, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a dedicated or shared processor that executes a particular software module or a piece of code at a particular time, and/or other programmable-logic devices now known or later developed. When the hardware modules or apparatus are activated, they perform the methods and processes included within them.
The foregoing descriptions of embodiments of the present invention have been presented only for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit this disclosure. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A switch, comprising:
chunking circuitry configured to maintain a local copy of a chunk comprising a plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses, wherein a respective MAC address in the local copy of the chunk is associated with an indicator indicating that the MAC address is learned at a remote switch, and wherein the switch and the remote switch are members of a network of interconnected switches;
MAC synchronization circuitry configured to:
obtain, from a message from the remote switch, a copy of the chunk and validation information associated with the chunk; and
determine whether to update the local copy of the chunk based on the validation information from the message.

2. The switch of claim 1, wherein the plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses are associated with devices coupled to a virtual link aggregation group (VLAG), wherein the VLAG includes a plurality of links operating as a single logical link.

3. The switch of claim 1, wherein the MAC synchronization circuitry is further configured to store a checksum with the local copy of the chunk.

4. The switch of claim 3, wherein the MAC synchronization circuitry determines whether to update the local copy of the chunk by:
obtaining a checksum from the validation information; and
determining whether the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum.

5. The switch of claim 4, wherein the MAC synchronization circuitry is further configured to:
in response to determining that the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum, construct a response message for the remote switch, wherein the response message indicates the difference;
determine, based on a confirmation message from the remote switch, that the difference is not a race condition; and
update the local copy of the chunk with the obtained copy of the chunk.

6. The switch of claim 1, wherein updating the local copy of the chunk includes one or more of:
adding entries associated with a difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk;
deleting entries associated with the difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk; and
performing no operation for entries common to the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk.

7. The switch of claim 1, wherein the message further comprises a chunk identifier, which identifies the chunk.

8. A method, comprising:
maintaining, by a switch, a local copy of a chunk comprising a plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses, wherein a respective MAC address of the chunk is associated with an indicator indicating that the MAC address is learned at a remote switch, and wherein the switch and the remote switch are members of a network of interconnected switches;
obtaining, from a message from the remote switch, a copy of the chunk and validation information associated with the chunk; and
determining whether to update the local copy of the chunk based on the validation information from the message.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses are associated with devices coupled to a virtual link aggregation group (VLAG), wherein the VLAG includes a plurality of links operating as a single logical link.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising storing a checksum with the local copy of the chunk.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein determining whether to update the local copy of the chunk comprises:
obtaining a checksum from the validation information; and
determining whether the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
in response to determining that the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum, construct a response message for the remote switch, wherein the response message indicates the difference;
determine, based on a confirmation message from the remote switch, that the difference is not a race condition; and
update the local copy of the chunk with the obtained copy of the chunk.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein updating the local copy of the chunk includes one or more of:
adding entries associated with a difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk;
deleting entries associated with the difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk; and
performing no operation for entries common to the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the message further comprises a chunk identifier, which identifies the chunk.

15. A computing system, comprising:
a processor; and
a storage device storing instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform a method, the method comprising:
maintaining, by a switch, a local copy of a chunk comprising a plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses, wherein a respective MAC address of in the local copy the chunk is associated with an indicator indicating that the MAC address is learned at a remote switch, and wherein the switch and the remote switch are members of a network of interconnected switches;
obtaining, from a message from the remote switch, a copy of the chunk and validation information associated with the chunk; and
determining whether to update the local copy of the chunk based on the validation information from the message.

16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises storing a checksum with the local copy of the chunk.

17. The computing system of claim 16, wherein determining whether to update the local copy of the chunk comprises:
obtaining a checksum from the validation information; and
determining whether the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum.

18. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to determining that the obtained checksum is different than the stored checksum, construct a response message for the remote switch, wherein the response message indicates the difference;
determine, based on a confirmation message from the remote switch, that the difference is not a race condition; and
update the local copy of the chunk with the obtained copy of the chunk.

19. The computing system of claim 15, wherein updating the local copy of the chunk includes one or more of:
adding entries associated with a difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk;
deleting entries associated with the difference between the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk; and
performing no operation for entries common to the local copy of the chunk and the obtained copy of the chunk.

20. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the message further comprises a chunk identifier, which identifies the chunk.