MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-09-00533-CR

Larry LEE,

Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,

Appellee

From the 175th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2006-CR-7289

Honorable Mary D. Román, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Delivered and Filed: July 7, 2010

AFFIRMED

Larry Lee appeals the trial court’s judgment revoking his community supervision, 

asserting the trial court violated his due process rights by refusing the State’s request for a 

continuance and instructing the State to elicit testimony from a witness without personal 

knowledge. Lee contends the trial court’s actions deprived him of both his right to confront a 

witness against him and to present mitigation evidence by questioning the probation officer who 

supervised him. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
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BACKGROUND

Lee pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance and was sentenced to one year in a

state jail facility. The sentence was suspended, and Lee was placed on two years community 

supervision. The State subsequently filed a motion to revoke Lee’s community supervision, 

asserting Lee failed to report for the months of June, July, and August of 2007.

At the hearing on the motion to revoke, Lee contested the motion. In response to the trial 

court’s inquiry as to whether the State was ready to proceed, the State responded that the 

supervising probation officer was not available. The trial judge stated, “I believe you can go 

forward with another probation officer.” The State then called the court liaison. No objection 

was made to proceeding with the hearing or to the calling of the court liaison, and defense 

counsel did not request a continuance.

The court liaison officer, Vicki Patridge, testified she was responsible for appearing in 

court on behalf of the probation department regarding anyone on probation out of the trial court 

that was conducting the revocation hearing. Patridge stated she was in possession of the records 

regarding Lee that were maintained by the probation office. Patridge initially testified Lee had 

failed to report after April 2007, but subsequently corrected herself because the records showed 

Lee had reported in May 2007. In an effort to clarify the months that Lee reported, the following 

exchange occurred:

[PATRIDGE]: Like I said, after May —

MS. BRITO [defense counsel]: Actually April he showed up as well.

[PATRIDGE]: Yeah but after May he never reported after that.

MS. BRITO: I know, but you are saying he didn’t report after March. Okay. It 

doesn’t matter. He reported in April and May, Judge.

THE COURT: So do we all agree he didn’t report after May of 2007; is that 

correct?

MR. BRITO: Yes. That’s correct.
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At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court revoked Lee’s community supervision and 

sentenced him to one year confinement.

DISCUSSION

As a general prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must 

show an objection was made to the trial court, and the trial court ruled on the objection. TEX. R.

APP. P. 33.1(a). Acknowledging that no objection was made relating to the trial court proceeding 

with the hearing or to Patridge’s testimony, Lee contends on appeal that the trial court’s conduct 

resulted in “structural error” because the trial court instructed the State to proceed in a manner 

that deprived him of his right of confrontation and foreclosed his ability to present mitigation 

evidence. Based on his contention that the conduct was structural error, Lee asserts he was not 

required to object to preserve his complaints for appeal.

Structural errors are federal constitutional errors labeled as such by the United States 

Supreme Court. Johnson v. State, 169 S.W.3d 223, 235 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). “In Johnson v. 

United States, the Supreme Court set forth its most recent list of structural errors: the total 

deprivation of counsel at trial, lack of an impartial trial judge, the unlawful exclusion of 

members of the defendant’s race from a grand jury, the denial of the right to self-representation 

at trial, the denial of the right to a public trial, and an instruction that erroneously lowers the 

burden of proof for conviction below the ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ standard.” Johnson, 169 

S.W.3d at 235 (quoting Johnson v. United States, 520 U.S. 461, 468-69 (1997)). Lee’s 

complaints in this appeal are not among the listed structural errors, and Lee has failed to cite any 

case in his brief in which structural error was found based on the State’s failure to call a 

particular witness or its decision to call a witness in response to a statement by the trial court.
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Furthermore, we note that the term “structural error” identifies a concept relating to harm 

analysis, not preservation of error. Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 339 (Tex. Crim. App. 

2004); Hergert v. State, 197 S.W.3d 394, 396 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2006, no pet.). It appears 

Lee may have intended to refer to the trial court’s conduct as violating a “systemic requirement.” 

See Mendez, 138 S.W.3d at 339 (stating concept of “systemic requirement” has to do with 

preservation of error while “structural error” relates to harm analysis). “A ‘systemic 

requirement’ (also known as an ‘absolute requirement or prohibition’) is a law that a trial court 

has a duty to follow even if the parties wish otherwise.” Id. “Any party that is entitled to appeal 

may complain on appeal that such a requirement was violated, even if the party failed to 

complain about the failure or waived the application of the law.” Id. “[S]ystemic requirements 

include jurisdiction of the person, jurisdiction of the subject matter, and a penal statute’s being in 

compliance with the Separation of Powers Section of the state constitution.” Aldrich v. State, 

104 S.W.3d 890, 895 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Even if Lee had briefed his complaints in relation 

to a “systemic requirement,” the complaints Lee raises on appeal have been held to require 

preservation by proper objection. See Paredes v. State, 129 S.W.3d 530, 535 (Tex. Crim. App.

2004) (preservation required in relation to confrontation clause complaint); In re C.S., 198 

S.W.3d 855, 857 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.) (due process complaint requires 

preservation); Curry v. State, 186 S.W.3d 39, 42 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.) 

(same).

Because Lee failed to preserve his complaints for our review, they are overruled.
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CONCLUSION

The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

DO NOT PUBLISH