Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-DR-2741 | July 2, 2020 Page 1 of 11

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

George Guido

Guido Law Office, LLC

Fort Wayne, Indiana

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE

Lierin A. Rossman

Stucky, Lauer & Young, LLP

Fort Wayne, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Nicholas J. Reinoehl,

Appellant,

v.

Tessa E. Leins,

Appellee. 

July 2, 2020

Court of Appeals Case No.

19A-DR-2741

Appeal from the DeKalb Circuit 

Court

The Honorable Allen N. Wheat, 

Special Judge 

Trial Court Cause No.

17C01-0906-DR-181

Brown, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-DR-2741 | July 2, 2020 Page 2 of 11

[1] Nicholas J. Reinoehl (“Father”) appeals from the trial court’s October 22, 2019 

order modifying his annual contribution to dance expenses for his child, A.R., 

finding him in contempt for failing to reimburse Tessa E. Leins (“Mother”) for 

unreimbursed dance expenses, and awarding damages and attorney fees to 

Mother. We affirm. 

Facts and Procedural History

[2] Father and Mother have one child together, A.R., born in 2007. Since age five, 

A.R. has participated in dance and had the support of both parents in this 

pursuit.

1

 

[3] On January 23, 2012, the DeKalb Circuit Court granted Mother sole legal 

custody of A.R., awarded the parties’ shared physical custody, and established 

Father’s child support obligation in the amount of $103 per week as calculated 

according to the Indiana Child Support Guidelines (the “Guidelines”).

2

 His 

percentage share of total weekly adjusted income was 80.48%. 

[4] On September 3, 2015, the court issued an order (the “2015 Order”) addressing 

each parent’s financial responsibility for A.R.’s dance expenses and stating that, 

commencing with calendar year 2016 and each calendar year thereafter, 

1 Father testified he has attended every dance competition and that he believes he has missed only two 

“things ever that she’s had” since she started dancing. Transcript Volume II at 184. A.R. “participates in all 

genres of dance,” including jazz, ballet, lyrical, contemporary, and musical theater. Exhibits Volume III at 

137.

2 The child support obligation worksheet and document attached to the court’s order indicate Father was 

awarded credit for 182 overnights. 
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Father’s annual reimbursement obligation to Mother shall be in an amount not 

to exceed $800 per year and that Father shall satisfy his reimbursement 

obligation to Mother “by paying Mother within thirty (30) days of Mother 

presenting to Father written proof that a debt has been incurred on account of 

[A.R.] participating in a dance program(s) within which she has been enrolled 

by Mother.” Appellee’s Appendix Volume II at 54. It noted that the total 

expenses for A.R. to participate in her present dance program can exceed 

$2,000 per year, Father has yearly gross earnings of approximately $50,000, and 

Mother has yearly gross earnings of approximately $700. 

[5] On December 1, 2015, the court issued an order awarding Mother primary

physical custody of A.R., finding “it has become necessary to specify what 

Father’s parenting times will be with” A.R., and modifying his parenting time 

to a schedule which the court indicated “deviate[d] to some degree from that 

put forth” in the Indiana Parenting Time Guidelines, but concluded it was in 

A.R.’s best interests. Id. at 64, 66. Pursuant to an attached child support 

obligation worksheet based on Father’s parenting time of ninety-eight 

overnights annually and calculating his percentage share of total weekly 

adjusted income to be 81.38%, the order further modified Father’s regular base 

support obligation to $138 per week. 

[6] On February 8, 2018, Father filed a Motion to Enforce Court Order Regarding 

Counseling and/or Request for Appointment of Alternative Counselor, and the 

next day he filed a Motion to Modify Parenting Time as to Extended Parenting 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-DR-2741 | July 2, 2020 Page 4 of 11

Time. On March 30, 2018, Mother filed her responses to Father’s motions and 

a Motion for Rule to Show Cause and Attorney Fee Award.

3

[7] During the 2018-2019 academic school year, A.R. began participating in a 

modified schedule in which she attended core classes at the middle school in 

the DeKalb Central School District until noon and then, in the afternoons,

attended Project Ballet which offered “pre-professional ballet training . . . 

curriculum for students . . . who have potential in ballet and the arts.” 

Transcript Volume II at 101. 

[8] On November 14, 2018, Father filed a Motion for Rule to Show Cause, and on 

November 19, 2018, Mother filed a Motion to Modify Summer Parenting Time 

and a Petition to Modify Dance Expense Contribution. Mother’s petition 

stated: A.R. participated in additional dance classes and training besides those 

contemplated by the court’s September 3, 2015 order; the associated costs have 

increased substantially; the financial circumstances of the parties had changed

since the court’s last order and the costs for dance should be revisited; Mother 

did not receive credit towards A.R.’s dance in the same manner she did when 

the September 3, 2015 order was issued4

; and it was in the best interests of A.R. 

that the court’s order “be modified to reflect Father contribute a reasonable 

3 The record does not contain a copy of the motion for rule to show cause and attorney fee award. 

4 Mother and her former employer had an “in kind basis . . . type of an agreement,” wherein Mother would 

teach classes and “the director, the owner would . . . put credits into [A.R.’s] account to help pay for her 

dance expenses.” Transcript Volume II at 103. Mother explained the agreement with her current employer

at the August 27, 2019 hearing: “I receive a paycheck and I’m taxed on all the income now. [A]nd its not 

just an in kind basis like it was before.” Id. 
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amount” for the costs associated with A.R.’s participation in dance. 

Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 101.

[9] On February 12, 2019, Mother filed an Amended Motion for Rule to Show 

Cause and Attorney Fee Award which alleged Father failed to reimburse her 

for his dance expenses for calendar years 2016-2019 and for certain uninsured 

medical expenses. On August 22, 2019, Father filed a motion requesting 

special findings of fact and conclusions of law. On August 27, 2019, the court 

held a hearing on all pending matters at which Mother and Father testified and 

presented evidence. 

[10] On October 15, 2019, the court issued an order which found: A.R.’s dance 

expenses for the year ending 2015 were in the amount of $3,938.16; Father had

no objection to A.R. participating in dance classes which she truly loves doing; 

A.R.’s annual dance expenses have increased from $3,938.16 for 2015 to 

$9,924.42 for 2018; for tax year ending 2018, Mother received $12,950.50 in 

employment income and Father received $82,268 in employment income; for 

tax years 2014 through 2017, Father had average income in the approximate 

amount of $63,000 per year; and A.R. loves to dance, and both parents want

her to continue her dance training and performances. It ordered that, 

commencing with calendar year ending 2020, and each year thereafter until 

further order, Father pay Mother an amount not to exceed $3,500 as 

reimbursement for her payment of A.R.’s dance expenses. 
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[11] Referring to the requirement in the 2015 Order that Father reimburse Mother 

for dance expenses, the court found: Father had not reimbursed Mother $269 in 

2016, $800 in 2017, $800 in 2018, and $800 in 2019; the 2015 Order specifically 

required Father to reimburse Mother in an amount up to $800 per year and did 

not provide that Father would receive a credit against the amounts owed 

because of services he volunteered to perform on A.R.’s behalf; and Father 

knowingly and intentionally violated the court’s order without justification or 

excuse. It found Mother had incurred attorney fees in pursuit of the matter and 

ordered judgment against Father for $2,669 plus interest for unreimbursed 

dance expenses and $1,500 for legal expenses incurred in pursuit of the 

contempt motion. 

Discussion

[12] Where, as here, the trial court issued findings of fact and conclusions at the 

request of one of the parties, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. Quinn v. 

Quinn, 62 N.E.3d 1212, 1220 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). First, we determine 

whether the evidence supports the findings, and second, whether the findings 

support the judgment. Id. The trial court’s findings are controlling unless the 

record includes no facts to support them either directly or by inference. Id. 

Legal conclusions, however, are reviewed de novo. Id. We set aside a trial 

court’s judgment only if it is clearly erroneous. Id. “Clear error occurs when 

our review of the evidence most favorable to the judgment leaves us firmly 

convinced that a mistake has been made.” Id. 
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[13] Father first claims Mother’s Motion to Modify “at its core[] constitutes a 

request for modification” of a child support obligation under the 2015 Order

which is governed by Ind. Code § 31-16-8-1,5 and he argues the court did not 

make any direct finding or conclusion of law regarding the existence of any 

substantial and continuing changed circumstance which caused provisions of 

the 2015 Order relating to extraordinary extracurricular expenses to be 

unreasonable. Appellant’s Brief at 26. He contends that extraordinary 

extracurricular support orders are not directly calculated in application of the 

Guidelines and asserts the 2015 Order “both contemplated and was crafted to 

be flexible, to any increased costs pertaining to A.R.’s already ‘expensive’ dance

programming as a result of Mother’s unilateral elective authority.” Id. at 30. 

[14] We note Father does not point to authority to demonstrate that the 

modification of other extraordinary expenses is subject to the modification 

5 Ind. Code § 31-14-11-2.3 provides that a “child support order issued under [the paternity support] chapter is 

subject to the provisions in IC 31-16-6 through IC 31-16-13.” Specifically, Father points to Ind. Code § 31-

16-8-1(b), which provides:

Except as provided in section 2 [Ind. Code § 31-16-8-2] . . . modification may be made only:

(1) upon a showing of changed circumstances so substantial and continuing as to make the terms 

unreasonable; or

(2) upon a showing that:

(A) a party has been ordered to pay an amount in child support that differs by more than 

twenty percent (20%) from the amount that would be ordered by applying the child support 

guidelines; and

(B) the order requested to be modified or revoked was issued at least twelve (12) months 

before the petition requesting modification was filed.
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language provided in Ind. Code § 31-16-8-1. The subsection titled “Other 

Extraordinary Expenses” of Indiana Child Support Guideline 8 states:

The economic data used in developing the Child Support 

Guideline Schedules do not include components related to those 

expenses of an “optional” nature such as costs related to summer 

camp, soccer leagues, scouting and the like. When both parents 

agree that the child(ren) may participate in optional activities, the 

parents should pay their pro rata share of these expenses from 

line 2 of the Child Support Obligation Worksheet. In the absence 

of an agreement relating to such expenses, assigning 

responsibility for the costs should take into account factors such 

as each parent’s ability to pay, which parent is encouraging the 

activity, whether the child(ren) has/have historically participated 

in the activity, and the reasons a parent encourages or opposes 

participation in the activity. If the parents or the court determine 

that the child(ren) may participate in optional activities, the 

method of sharing the expenses shall be set forth in the entry.

[15] The court’s order demonstrates that it contemplated the parties’ ability to pay, 

A.R.’s historical participation in dance, the parties’ agreement for A.R. to 

remain in dance, and the change in the parties’ economic circumstances since 

the year 2015. Indeed, Mother presented evidence regarding changes in 

circumstances since the 2015 Order, including the birth of a third child, and a 

substantial increase in A.R.’s dance-related expenses. Father submitted his 

2018 tax return, several 2019 paystubs, and a list of monies received from his 

side business, and he indicated his income “went up pretty significantly in 2018 

from 2017.” Transcript Volume II at 187. 
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[16] Mother submitted a document of A.R.’s dance expenses from 2012 to 2018, 

tuition documents for Project Ballet for the 2018-2019 year, and a ledger and 

supporting receipts for A.R.’s dance expenses at Ratio Dance, Mother’s new 

dance studio employer. During cross-examination, Mother indicated that 

Father had never objected to A.R.’s involvement in dance programming 

provided by Ratio Dance. She indicated that she gave him the expenses every 

year and stated: “He asks me for the expenses, I give it to him. Not once in 

2016 did he say hey I’m concerned about the cost. Not once in 2017 did he say 

hey I’m concerned about the cost. Nor in 2018.” Id. at 149. Father testified, 

“I’m not saying I’m not willing to contribute more but at the same time I’m not 

willing, I’m not, I’m not saying the $4,500 is going to be fair to me.” Id. at 211. 

[17] Father testified he picks up A.R. from Project Ballet during his parenting time,

and he indicated he did not believe he had expressed to Mother a problem or 

concern with A.R.’s participation in Project Ballet. In light of Father’s 

agreement that A.R. should continue to participate in dance, A.R.’s historical 

participation in dance, the annual amount of dance expenses, and the 

discrepancy in incomes between Father and Mother, we cannot say that the 

trial court abused its discretion in ordering Father pay Mother an amount not to 

exceed $3,500 annually as reimbursement for A.R.’s dance expenses. 

[18] Father next argues the trial court erred in finding he was in indirect contempt of 

the 2015 Order for his deemed failure to directly reimburse Mother his annual 

duty of financial support and contends the court disregarded his annual 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-DR-2741 | July 2, 2020 Page 10 of 11

fundraising activities on behalf and in support of A.R. which, as he asserts, 

caused Mother’s annual obligations to be proportionally reduced. 

[19] The 2015 Order addressed each parent’s financial responsibility and stated: 

starting in 2016 and each year thereafter Father’s annual reimbursement 

obligation to Mother shall be in an amount not to exceed $800 per year and 

Father shall satisfy his reimbursement obligation to Mother “by paying Mother 

within thirty (30) days of Mother presenting to Father written proof that a debt 

has been incurred on account of [A.R.] participating in a dance program(s) 

within which she has been enrolled by Mother.” Appellee’s Appendix Volume II 

at 54. Father stipulated to “not paying [Mother] cash $800.00” and that she 

provided him “[c]opies of that which has been incurred for dance” for 2016 

through 2019. Transcript Volume II at 93. While he asserts the evidence, 

including Mother’s admissions, demonstrated that his annual fundraising funds 

“were deposited as credits directly into A.R.’s separate account” at Mother’s new 

employer and that Mother could and did “exert control over how these funds 

were annually used or applied in incurring dance expenses on behalf A.R.,” 

Appellant’s Brief at 49-50, he does not establish that Mother received the 

payments directly6 or received a reimbursement for the monies applied or that 

she agreed to the alternative method of payment of the funds. In Indiana, a 

parent obligated to pay child support will not generally be allowed credit for 

6 Mother testified that the studio booster club which conducts the fundraising is a non-profit organization, 

that the fundraising “all goes through that,” and that “[n]one of this fundraising has been through” Father

and “[i]t’s all through Ratio Dance.” Transcript Volume II at 171, 179.
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payments that do not conform with the child support order. Decker v. Decker, 829 

N.E.2d 77, 79-80 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) 

(citing Kaplon v. Harris, 567 N.E.2d 1130, 1133 (Ind. 1991)). Our courts have 

recognized narrow exceptions to this rule for: (1) payments made directly to the 

other parent, (2) payments made via an alternative method agreed to by the 

parties and substantially complying with the existing decree, (3) payments 

covered when the non-custodial parent takes custody of the children with the 

other parent’s consent, and (4) payments made toward the funeral expenses of a 

child. See id. None of Father’s claimed payments fall within any of these 

exceptions. 

[20] Accordingly, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in 

determining that Father was in contempt for failing to reimburse Mother for 

dance expenses spanning from 2015 until 2018. See Reynolds v. Reynolds, 64 

N.E.3d 829, 832 (Ind. 2016) (“It is soundly within the discretion of the trial 

court to determine whether a party is in contempt . . . . We will reverse a trial 

court’s finding of contempt only if there is no evidence or inference therefrom 

to support the finding. The trial court has the inherent power to maintain its 

dignity, secure obedience to its process and rules, rebuke interference with the 

conduct of business, and punish unseemly behavior.” (internal citations and 

alterations omitted)).

[21] For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court. 

[22] Affirmed. 

Najam, J., and Kirsch, J., concur.