16-3871 

Gurung v. Sessions 

BIA 

Balasquide, IJ 

A205 338 709

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER

FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN 

ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals 

2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall 

3 United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 

New York, on the 10th 4 day of May, two thousand eighteen. 

5 

6 PRESENT: 

7 ROBERT D. SACK,

8 GERARD E. LYNCH, 

9 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,

10 Circuit Judges. 

11 _____________________________________ 

12 

13 BAHADUR TEJ GURUNG, 

14 Petitioner, 

15 

16 v. 16-3871 

17 NAC 

18 JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, 

19 UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

20 Respondent. 

21 _____________________________________ 

22 

23 FOR PETITIONER: Khaghendra Gharti-Chhetry, New 

24 York, NY. 

25 

26 FOR RESPONDENT: Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant 

27 Attorney General; Julie M. 

28 Iversen, Senior Litigation 

29 Counsel; Sergio Sarkany, Trial 
2

1 Attorney, Office of Immigration 

2 Litigation, United States 

3 Department of Justice, Washington, 

4 DC. 

5 

6 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a 

7 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby 

8 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review 

9 is DENIED. 

10 Petitioner Bahadur Tej Gurung, a native and citizen of 

11 Nepal, seeks review of an October 21, 2016, decision of the 

12 BIA affirming a March 25, 2015, decision of an Immigration 

13 Judge (“IJ”) denying Gurung’s application for asylum, 

14 withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention 

15 Against Torture (“CAT”). In re Gurung, No. A 205 338 709

16 (B.I.A. Oct. 21, 2016), aff’g No. A 205 338 709 (Immig. Ct. 

17 N.Y.C. Mar. 25, 2015). We assume the parties’ familiarity 

18 with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case. 

19 We review both the BIA’s and IJ’s decisions “for the sake 

20 of completeness.” Zaman v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 233, 237 (2d 

21 Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted). The standards 

22 of review are well established. See 8 U.S.C. 
3

1 § 1252(b)(4)(B); Lecaj v. Holder, 616 F.3d 111, 114 (2d Cir. 

2 2010). 

3 To show eligibility for asylum, a petitioner must 

4 establish past persecution or a well-founded fear of future 

5 persecution “on account of race, religion, nationality, 

6 membership in a particular social group, or political 

7 opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42). Because the IJ concluded 

8 that Gurung had established past persecution, he was entitled 

9 to a presumption of a well-founded fear of future persecution. 

10 See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1). However, the IJ must deny 

11 relief if the Government shows, “by a preponderance of the 

12 evidence,” that “[t]here has been a fundamental change in 

13 circumstances such that the applicant no longer has a well14 founded fear of persecution.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1)(i), 

15 (ii). The agency must consider the most recent State 

16 Department reports and the evidence offered by the petitioner 

17 to contradict the reports, and conduct an individualized 

18 assessment of the evidence. See Lecaj, 616 F.3d at 115-16. 

19 We find no error in the agency’s conclusion that Gurung’s 

20 fear of persecution on account of his membership in the Nepali 

21 Congress Party (“NCP”) is no longer objectively reasonable 
4

1 given the changes in Nepal. From 1996 to 2006, Nepal faced 

2 a Maoist insurgency, known as the People’s War. Gurung was 

3 targeted by Maoists because of his participation in NCP. In 

4 2006, the Maoists signed a peace accord, which began the peace 

5 process in Nepal. After years of changes resulting from the 

6 peace accord, Nepal successfully held an election in 2013 

7 that resulted in a NCP-majority government. The evidence in 

8 the record did not show that Maoists continued to target NCP 

9 members, and it indicated that the remaining Maoist violence 

10 was sporadic or concentrated in specific areas. 

11 Gurung argues that the agency mischaracterized the 2013 

12 State Department report by ignoring the portions showing that 

13 Maoists still committed crimes of violence and extortion 

14 throughout Nepal. Both the 2012 and 2013 reports identify a 

15 few incidents of violence throughout Nepal, but they 

16 explicitly state that the majority of these incidents occur 

17 in the Tarai region. The fact that Maoist groups committed 

18 sporadic acts of violence and extortion elsewhere in Nepal 

19 does not undermine the IJ’s conclusion that these acts were 

20 concentrated in the Tarai region. See Cao He Lin v. U.S. 

21 Dep’t of Justice, 428 F.3d 391, 399 (2d Cir. 2005) 
5

1 (“[F]indings that the IJ actually made are conclusive unless 

2 a reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to 

3 the contrary.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). 

4 The agency also conducted an individualized analysis. 

5 See Lecaj, 616 F.3d 115-16. The IJ examined the news articles 

6 Gurung submitted and concluded that they did not establish an 

7 objectively reasonable fear of persecution because none 

8 indicated that Maoist violence against NCP members continued 

9 after the 2013 election. Gurung argues that the agency 

10 ignored a threatening letter he received from Maoists in 2014. 

11 But “we presume that an IJ has taken into account all of the 

12 evidence before him, unless the record compellingly suggests 

13 otherwise.” Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 434 F.3d 

14 144, 159 n.13 (2d Cir. 2006). The record does not suggest 

15 otherwise, given the IJ’s acknowledgment of the 2014 threat, 

16 the fact that Gurung’s family relocated to Kathmandu, and the 

17 lack of country conditions evidence to show that the Maoists 

18 are continuing to threaten or acting on threats against NCP 

19 members. Cf. Passi v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 98, 101-03 (2d Cir. 

20 2008) (remanding to BIA when agency decision relied solely on 

21 State Department reports and failed to indicate consideration 
6

1 of petitioner’s evidence that ongoing violence targeting 

2 ethnically and politically similar people was most severe in 

3 petitioner’s home region). 

4 In sum, the 2006 peace accord, 2013 elections, and 

5 general trends toward greater police response and 

6 transparency support the agency’s conclusion that Nepal has 

7 fundamentally changed. See Lecaj, 616 F.3d at 115-16. 

8 Because Gurung failed to establish his eligibility for 

9 asylum, he cannot show eligibility for withholding of removal 

10 or CAT relief. Id. at 119-20. 

11 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is 

12 DENIED. 

13 FOR THE COURT: 

14 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court