Third District Court of Appeal

State of Florida 

Opinion filed November 17, 2021.

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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No. 3D21-0074

Lower Tribunal Nos. 11-7134 SP & 19-336 AP

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United Automobile Insurance Company,

Appellant,

vs.

Presgar Imaging of CMI South, L.C., d/b/a CMI South,

a/a/o Orlando Duenas,

Appellee.

An Appeal from the County Court for Miami-Dade County, Linda Diaz, 

Judge.

Michael J. Neimand, for appellant.

George A. David, P.A., and George A. David, for appellee.

Before EMAS, MILLER and LOBREE, JJ. 

LOBREE, J.

United Automobile Insurance Company (“United Auto”) appeals a final 
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judgment entered on a directed verdict in favor of plaintiff Presgar Imaging 

of CMI South, L.C. (“CMI”) in this breach of contract for personal injury 

protection insurance benefits action. We reverse for judgment to be entered 

in favor of United.

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to United Auto, as we 

must, Greenberg v. Schindler Elevator Corp., 47 So. 3d 901, 903 (Fla. 3d 

DCA 2010), we conclude that the trial court erred in entering a directed 

verdict in favor of CMI based on its finding that United Auto’s corporate 

representative “stipulated” in her deposition, with which she was confronted 

at trial, that the charges billed by CMI were related and medically necessary. 

The deposition testimony at issue was not a clear and unambiguous 

statement that United Auto did not contest that the charges were related and 

medically necessary such that it constituted an enforceable stipulation. See

U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n v. Rios, 166 So. 3d 202, 209 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015). 

Instead, the testimony is properly viewed as impeachment testimony. Hawn 

v. State, 300 So. 3d 238, 242 (Fla. 4th DCA 2020) (“[I]ntroduction of a prior 

statement that is inconsistent with a witness’s present testimony is . . . one 

of the main ways to attack the credibility of a witness.” (quoting Pearce v. 

State, 880 So. 2d 561, 569 (Fla. 2004))). It is well established, however, that 

a witness’s credibility and the weight of the evidence cannot be considered 
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on a motion for directed verdict. Ranger v. Avis Rent-A-Car Sys., Inc., 336 

So. 2d 467, 468 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976). Thus, the trial court erred in entering 

directed verdict in favor of CMI on this basis. Additionally, the record reflects 

that CMI did not present any evidence that its charges were related and 

medically necessary. See United Auto. Ins. Co. v. NB Sports Massage & 

Rehab. Corp., 46 Fla. L. Weekly D1709, D1710 n.2 (Fla. 3d DCA July 28, 

2021) (“To be entitled to benefits under a PIP policy of insurance, it must be 

shown that the charges billed are reasonable, related, and medically 

necessary.”). United Auto’s motion for directed verdict should therefore have 

been granted. Meruelo v. Mark Andrew of Palm Beaches, Ltd., 12 So. 3d 

247, 250 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009) (“A trial court should grant a motion for directed 

verdict when the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, shows that a jury could not reasonably differ about the 

existence of a material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter 

of law.”). Accordingly, the judgment entered favor of CMI is reversed and 

remanded with directions to enter judgment for United Auto.

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1 We note that the trial court considered materials beyond those presented 

to the jury when it directed verdict in favor of CMI. A motion for directed 

verdict, however, properly tests the legal sufficiency of the evidence 

presented to the jury. See Suggs v. Allen, 563 So. 2d 1132, 1133 (Fla. 1st 

DCA 1990) (explaining that while summary judgment is pretrial mechanism 

that considers pleadings, depositions, and other evidence in file, “[b]y 

contrast, a directed verdict is the means by which the sufficiency of the 
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Reversed and remanded with directions.

evidence already adduced at trial is tested”); Fish Carburetor Corp. v. Great 

Am. Ins. Co., 125 So. 2d 889, 892 (Fla. 1st DCA 1961) (stating that had the 

trial court ruled on motion for directed verdict, “his consideration would have 

been confined exclusively to the evidence adduced by plaintiff during the 

presentation of its case in chief”).