# Patent

## Title
Paintball marker loading and feeding system

## Abstract

An assembly for rapid loading and feeding of paintballs in a paintball marker comprises a receiver mountable on the marker, having an opening to receive and secure a magazine carrying paintballs. An ejection mechanism to clear a magazine from the opening may also be provided. The magazine comprises an outer shell that interacts with the receiver to secure the magazine, and holds an arming mechanism that is manipulated by twisting or pulling to selectively cover apertures in the outer shell to secure the paintballs within the magazine, or uncover the apertures to release the paintballs.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a storage container and an assembly for rapid loading and feeding of ammunition into paintball markers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Paintball is a popular competitive game in which players attempt to eliminate other players by hitting them with projectiles filled with paint. The game therefore requires players to move and react very quickly, both to hit other players and to avoid being hit. In order to successfully hit another player, who is usually a fast-moving target, it is advantageous to be able to shoot several projectiles in rapid succession. It is therefore advantageous to have a virtually unlimited supply of paintballs to avoid running out of ammunition during a game.
Paintballs were often stored in a hopper mounted on the paintball marker and manually refilled once the hopper emptied, but this procedure is time-consuming, wasteful of paintballs that are not cleanly poured into the hopper, and leaves a player defenseless during the refilling process.
Players are therefore looking for the flexibility and speed of a “magazine” type of system, in which the player carries disposable or replaceable pods or magazines full of paintballs about his person, such as in his vest or pants pockets, on a belt, harness or holster, or in another carrying system. The magazine is inserted into a receiver carried on the marker, and the paintballs are either immediately or gradually fed into the marker for shooting. When a magazine has been emptied, it is ejected or otherwise removed from the receiver and replaced with a full magazine. Examples of such paintball loading mechanisms are shown in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0047535 to Handel, U.S. Pat. No. 7,270,120 to Broersma et al., and Applicant's own U.S. Pat. No. 8,302,586.
One potential drawback with these systems is the degree of certainty available, specifically that the user be able to ensure that the magazine has been securely inserted, in the correct place, and with the proper alignment, so that it is certain that the pod is securely attached and won't fall out at an inopportune time, and so that the pod correctly and easily feeds its load of paintballs into the marker. For example, Handel uses a flat two-guide rail mechanism, while in Broersma the magazine simply slides across the top of the marker, relying on a friction-based attachment mechanism to secure the magazine. While Applicant's earlier patent includes a locking mechanism and is designed to provide a positive lock that can easily be felt by the player, it may be preferable to provide an even more secure configuration, and one that may be simpler to produce and operate, with fewer external moving pieces, and a simpler connection to a receiver.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a paintball loading and feeding assembly that overcomes the foregoing disadvantages.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system in which an emptied or partially emptied paintball magazine can be easily, quickly and securely replaced with a full magazine.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a receiver for a paintball marker that will accept a full paintball magazine and efficiently hold and funnel the paintballs contained in the magazine to the marker, while minimizing the flow of paintballs back towards the magazine. The receiver may also contain an area to accommodate excess paintballs away from an inserted magazine to avoid breakage of paintballs that do not properly enter, or accidentally exit from, the marker.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a replacement paintball magazine for a rapid paintball marker loading and feeding system that can be easily assembled and disassembled for maintaining and cleaning the magazine.
These and other objects of the invention will be better understood by reference to the detailed description of the preferred embodiments which follows. Note that the objects referred to above are statements of what motivated the invention rather than promises. Not all of the objects are necessarily met by all embodiments of the invention described below or by the invention defined by each of the claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a modular assembly comprising magazines of varying shapes and capacities that function with varying receivers. The receiver portion of the invention can be releasably mounted or integrated directly into a marker. The magazine is designed to be securely fitted quickly and easily within the receiver, allowing for rapid loading of paintballs to the marker.
To load a magazine into a receiver, the user holds the paintball marker with one hand and places an end of the magazine inside the front end of the receiver with the other. Alignment means on both the magazine and the receiver allow the user to ensure that the magazine is properly aligned during the initial insertion into the receiver, before applying additional pressure from the rear end of the magazine until the magazine is fully inserted and locked into position. The user receives confirmation, which may be audible, tactile, or both, that the magazine is fully and securely inserted.
Once inserted and locked into position, the magazine may be “armed” by a twisting or pulling motion, opening the magazine to allow paintballs to flow out the magazine.
In some embodiments, the weight of the magazine may be reduced by thinning, or removing entirely, portions of the various components of the magazine.
In one aspect, the invention comprises a magazine for storing and feeding paintballs to a paintball marker, the magazine comprising an outer shell adapted to hold paintballs, the outer shell comprising at least one aperture; and an arming mechanism adapted to cover and uncover the aperture, controlling flow of the paintballs from the magazine, when the arming mechanism is twisted or pulled. The magazine may further comprise at least one internal ramp to assist in funneling paintballs toward the aperture. It may further comprise a locking mechanism to prevent the arming mechanism from moving within the outer shell and/or a stopper mechanism to control rotation of the arming mechanism within the outer shell.
In a further aspect, the arming mechanism may comprise a gripper having at least one aperture cover extending therefrom, and actuation of the gripper causes the aperture cover to cover or uncover the aperture. The gripper may further comprise features such as a slip lock mechanism and/or refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into the magazine. The refill means may also or instead be located on another part of the magazine such as the outer shell or an inner tube.
In a further aspect, the outer shell may comprise a refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into the magazine. It may further comprise one or more channels to control movement of the arming mechanism. It may have a non-circular cross-section, and may comprise two or more pieces. The outer tube may comprise an outer shell guide, adapted for insertion into a receiver guide in a receiver on the marker. The outer shell may be provided with a groove in its front end to support the front end of the arming mechanism or an inner tube. The outer shell may further comprise a locking mechanism to secure the outer shell to a receiver in the marker, whether the receiver is integrated into the marker, or is a separate piece mountable on the marker.
In another aspect, the magazine may further comprise an inner tube sized to fit inside the outer shell, the inner tube comprising at least one aperture; and at least one aperture cover bounding the at least one inner tube aperture; wherein the arming mechanism aligns the inner tube and outer tube apertures to allow paintballs to flow from the magazine, and aligns the outer tube aperture and the aperture cover to prevent paintballs from flowing from the magazine.
In a further aspect, the inner tube may comprise a refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into the magazine. The inner tube may be removably attached to the arming mechanism, or it may be inseparable. It may have a non-circular cross-section, and may be provided with friction fit or other retention material between it and the outer shell to help hold the parts together. The inner tube may comprise a stopper mechanism to control rotation of the inner tube within the outer shell.
In yet a further aspect, the arming mechanism may be a gripper, which may be threadable to or inseparable from the inner tube. The gripper may further comprise a locking mechanism to prevent the inner tube from moving within the outer shell.
In a further aspect, the magazine may further comprise an inner tube lock on the inner tube; and an outer shell lock in the outer shell; wherein the outer shell lock is adapted to receive the inner tube lock to removably secure the inner tube within the outer shell. The inner tube lock may take various forms, including a flexible guide tab, a guide slot, a swivel pin, an opening to accommodate a swivel pin, or a clip, while the outer shell lock comprises a corresponding mechanism such as a guide slot, a flexible guide tab, an opening to accommodate the swivel pin, a swivel pin or a lock hole.
In another aspect, the invention comprises a receiver to facilitate loading a paintball marker with paintballs from a magazine, the receiver comprising an opening in communication with a feed neck, the opening being adapted to receive and enclose a portion of the magazine; at least one receiver guide within the opening to guide insertion of the magazine into the opening; and a rim at a top edge of the feed neck to prevent paintballs from travelling towards the magazine. The receiver guide may be at least one guide slot and/or at least one guide rail. The receiver may further comprise features such as a window for viewing paintballs within the marker, a flexible catch to hold the magazine within the opening and/or a spring mechanism to assist in ejecting the magazine from the receiver. The receiver may further comprise an overflow area spaced from a path traveled by said magazine upon insertion into said receiver, to accommodate paintballs that accidentally exit the marker or the magazine.
In another aspect, the invention comprises a loading and feeding assembly for a paintball marker comprising a magazine adapted to hold paintballs, the magazine comprising an outer shell adapted to hold paintballs, the outer shell comprising at least one aperture; and an arming mechanism adapted to cover and uncover the aperture, controlling flow of the paintballs from the magazine, when the arming mechanism is twisted or pulled; and a receiver mountable on the marker, the receiver comprising an opening in communication with a feed neck, the opening being adapted to receive and enclose a portion of the magazine; at least one guide within the opening to guide insertion of the magazine into the opening; and a rim at a top edge of the feed neck to prevent paintballs from travelling towards the magazine. The magazine may further comprise a locking mechanism to secure the outer shell to the receiver.
The magazine is easily accommodated in conventional paintball vests and pod harnesses, allowing players to carry several replacement magazines during a game.
The foregoing was intended as a summary only and of only some of the aspects of the invention. It was not intended to define the limits or requirements of the invention. Other aspects of the invention will be appreciated by reference to the detailed description of the preferred embodiments. Moreover, this summary should be read as though the claims were incorporated herein for completeness.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by reference to the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the components of a first embodiment of the magazine;
FIGS. 2a-2c are side views of the magazine of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3a-3d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a first embodiment of the inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 4a-4e are side, top, bottom, front and rear views, respectively, of a first embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIGS. 5a and 5b are side and top views, respectively, of a second embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIGS. 6a-6b are sectional views of a first embodiment of the shell of FIG. 5, taken along line A-A in FIG. 5a and line B-B in FIG. 5b respectively;
FIGS. 7a-7b are sectional views of a second embodiment of the shell of FIG. 5, taken along line A-A in FIG. 5a and line B-B in FIG. 5b respectively;
FIGS. 8a-8b are sectional views of a third embodiment of the shell of FIG. 5 taken along line A-A in FIG. 5a and line B-B in FIG. 5b respectively;
FIGS. 9a-9d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a third embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIGS. 10a and 10b are views of two sides of a first embodiment of a gripper ring according to the invention;
FIG. 10c is a sectional view of the ring of FIG. 10a, taken along line C-C;
FIGS. 10d and 10e are two side views of the ring of FIG. 10a; 
FIGS. 10f and 10g are sectional views of the ring of FIG. 10d, taken along lines D-D and E-E respectively;
FIGS. 11a-11c are side, inside and outside views of a refill cap for the magazine according to the invention;
FIGS. 12a-12c are side, inside and outside views of a refill plug for the magazine according to the invention;
FIGS. 13a and 13b are side and front views, respectively, of a first embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIG. 13c is a sectional view of the receiver of FIG. 13b, taken along line F-F;
FIG. 13d is a sectional view of the receiver of FIG. 13c, taken along line G-G;
FIGS. 14a and 14b are side and front views, respectively, of a second embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIGS. 15a and b are side and bottom views, respectively, of a second embodiment of the magazine of the invention;
FIGS. 16a-16d are side, sectional (taken along line H-H in FIG. 16a), bottom, front and rear views, respectively, of a fourth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIGS. 17a-17d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a second embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 18a and 18b are views of two sides of a second embodiment of a gripper ring according to the invention;
FIGS. 18c and 18d are top and side views, respectively, of the ring of FIG. 17a; 
FIG. 19a is an assembled view of a magazine according to a third embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 19b is an exploded view of the magazine of FIG. 19a; 
FIGS. 20a-20d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively of a third embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 21a and 21b are views of two sides of a third embodiment of a gripper ring according to the invention;
FIG. 21c is an inside view of a gripper ring for the embodiment of the magazine shown in FIG. 19;
FIG. 21d is a cross-sectional view of the gripper ring of FIG. 21c, taken along line I-I;
FIG. 22a is a side view of a fifth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 22b is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 22a, taken along line J-J;
FIG. 22c is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 22b, taken along line K-K;
FIGS. 22d and 22e are exploded and assembled views, respectively, of the shell of FIG. 22a; 
FIG. 23 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 24a-24d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a fourth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 25a-25c are side, front and rear views, respectively, of a sixth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 25d is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 25a, taken along line L-L;
FIG. 26 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 27a-27c are side, front and rear views, respectively, of a seventh embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 27d is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 27a, taken along line M-M;
FIGS. 28a-28c are side, front and top views, respectively, of a third embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIG. 28d is a sectional view of the receiver of FIG. 28c, taken along line O-O;
FIGS. 29a and 29b are side and front views, respectively, of a fourth embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIG. 30 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 31a-31d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a fifth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 32a and 32b are side and top views, respectively, of a sixth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 33a and 33b are views of two sides of a fourth embodiment of a gripper ring according to the invention;
FIG. 33c is a side view of the gripper ring of FIG. 33a; 
FIG. 33d is a second side view of the gripper ring of FIG. 33a; 
FIGS. 34a-34d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of an eighth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIGS. 35a and 35b are enlarged sectional views of the rear and front ends, respectively, of the outer shell of FIG. 34a, taken along line Q-Q;
FIGS. 36a and 36b are enlarged sectional views of the rear and front ends, respectively, of the outer shell of FIG. 34b, taken along line R-R;
FIGS. 37a-37c are side, outside and inside views, respectively, of a second embodiment of a refill plug for a magazine according to the invention;
FIG. 38 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 39a-39d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a seventh embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 40a and 40b are side and top views, respectively, of an eighth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 41a and 41b are front and rear views, respectively, of a slip ring, which is part of a fifth embodiment of a gripper of the invention;
FIG. 41c is a sectional view of the slip ring, taken along line S-S of FIG. 41a; 
FIGS. 42a and 42b are front and rear views, respectively, of a core, which is also part of a fifth embodiment of a gripper of the invention;
FIG. 42c is a sectional view of the core, taken along line T-T of FIG. 42a; 
FIG. 42d is a sectional view of the core, taken along line U-U of FIG. 42b; 
FIGS. 43a and 43b are front and rear views, respectively, of a back plate, which is also part of a fifth embodiment of a gripper of the invention;
FIG. 43c is a sectional view of the back plate, taken along line V-V of FIG. 43a; 
FIG. 43d is a sectional view of the back plate, taken along line W-W of FIG. 43b; 
FIGS. 44a-44d are side, top, front and rear views, respectively, of a ninth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 44a, taken along line X-X;
FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 44b, taken along line Y-Y;
FIGS. 47a and 47b are side and front views, respectively, of a fifth embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIGS. 48a and 48b are side and front views, respectively, of a sixth embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIG. 48c is a sectional view of the receiver of FIG. 48b, taken along line Z-Z;
FIGS. 49a-49c are inside, side and outside views, respectively, of a third embodiment of a refill plug for a magazine according to the invention;
FIG. 50 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 51a-51b are side and top views, respectively, of a ninth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 52a-52d are top, side, front and rear views, respectively, of a tenth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 52a, taken along line a-a;
FIG. 54 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 52b, taken along line b-b;
FIG. 55 is a side view of an assembled magazine, according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 56a-56d are top, side, front and rear views, respectively, of a tenth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 57a-57d are top, side, front and rear views, respectively, of an eleventh embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 57a, taken along line c-c;
FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 57b, taken along line d-d;
FIGS. 60a and 60b are side and top views, respectively, of an eleventh embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 61a and 61b are side and top views, respectively, of a twelfth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 62a and 62b are side and top views, respectively, of a thirteenth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 63a and 63b are side and top views, respectively, of a fourteenth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIG. 64 is an enlarged view of a spring tension adjustment mechanism for use with the invention;
FIGS. 65a-65d are top, side, front and rear views, respectively, of a fifteenth embodiment of an inner tube of the invention;
FIGS. 66a-66d are top, side, front and rear views, respectively, of a twelfth embodiment of an outer shell of the invention;
FIG. 67 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 66a, taken along line e-e;
FIG. 68 is a cross-sectional view of the shell of FIG. 66b, taken along line f-f;
FIG. 69 is a side view of an assembled magazine according to a tenth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 70 is a side view of an eleventh embodiment of a magazine assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 71 is a side view of a seventh embodiment of a receiver according to the invention;
FIG. 72 a front view of the receiver of FIG. 71;
FIG. 73 is a sectional view of the receiver of FIG. 71, taken along line g-g;
FIG. 74 is a top view of a sixteenth embodiment of an inner tube according to the invention;
FIG. 75 is a side view of the inner tube of FIG. 74;
FIG. 76 is a top view of a seventeenth embodiment of an inner tube according to the invention;
FIG. 77 is a side view of the inner tube of FIG. 76.
FIGS. 78a-78d are side, top, rear and front views, respectively, of a thirteenth embodiment of an outer shell according to the invention; and
FIGS. 79a and 79b are sectional views of the outer shell of FIG. 78, taken along line h-h and line j-j.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring generally to FIGS. 1-2c, a first embodiment of the magazine assembly 10a of the invention comprises a tube 12a and outer shell 14a adapted to engage a receiver 16 (not shown). The tube 12a is adapted to hold paintballs to be fed to a marker on which receiver 16 is integrated or mounted. Closure means, such as refill cap 84 or other suitable means as will be discussed later, may be provided to close of one or both ends of the assembly 10a. 
In one embodiment, tube 12a, best seen in FIGS. 3a-3d, comprises a generally cylindrical body 18a having an open front end 20a and an opposed rear end 22a. One or more apertures 24a, through which paintballs will flow out of the magazine and into the marker once the magazine is properly inserted and armed, are provided on tube 12a, and are bounded by one or more aperture covers 25a. Apertures 24a are generally shown as being near front end 20a, but the exact location of the apertures may be chosen based on the configuration of a receiver with which the magazine will be used. At least one rear aperture 26a, which will engage with a locking and arming mechanism (not shown) as will be discussed later, is located towards the rear end 22a. Rear aperture 26a may be stepped as shown, or may be made in any suitable shape to provide a secure attachment means for the arming mechanism. Tube 12a may optionally be provided with one or more internal ramps 37a, which assist in funneling paintballs within tube 12a towards the front aperture 24a and into the receiver.
Tube 12a further comprises a guide, such as a pair of opposed flexible guide tabs 30a, which allow the tube 12a to be inserted and locked into an outer shell, as will be discussed. The guide tabs 30a are provided with a release surface or point 32a, which acts as a quick release method, allowing the user to separate the inner tube from the outer shell as required merely by pressing the release surface 32a. Opposed flex locks 34a are also provided on tube 12a, towards the rear opening 22a, in order to provide a connection with a locking and arming mechanism such as a gripper, as will be discussed. Flex locks 34a may similarly be provided with a release surface or point 36a, allowing a user to easily separate the tube 12a from the locking and arming mechanism as needed.
In the embodiment of the outer shell 14a shown in FIGS. 4a-4e, outer shell 14a comprises a generally cylindrical body 38a, sized to fit around a tube, having a front end 40a and an opposed rear end 42a. Aperture 44a is provided to generally correspond with an aperture on a tube, to allow paintballs to flow out of the tube when the magazine is properly inserted and armed. An external guide mechanism, shown as a pair of opposed guide rails 46a, is provided to ensure that the outer shell 14a inserts properly into a receiver. The outer shell 14a may also be provided with a lock slot 48a and a chamfered area 50a, each of which will be discussed in more detail later. In some embodiments, lock slot 48a also acts as a means of removing an inner tube from the outer shell.
In the embodiment of the outer shell 14b shown in FIGS. 5a-5d, outer shell 14b is similar to that shown in FIG. 4 except that two apertures 44b are provided. This may provide more flexibility when inserting the magazine into a receiver, as it is not necessary for a user to determine which side of the shell must be aligned with the receiver in order to allow the paintballs to flow into the receiver—either aperture may be inserted in the downward position to gravity-feed the paintballs toward the marker. Further, some receivers are provided with an open top, rather than a top that substantially encloses the front portion of a magazine. This configuration may be more suitable to a magazine having only a single aperture, such that opening the downward aperture to allow paintballs to flow down into the marker, does not also open an upper aperture, allowing paintballs to escape from the top of the magazine, or for foreign material to enter the magazine.
Each embodiment of the outer shell 14 may be provided with different operating mechanisms, as shown in FIGS. 6a-8b. In the embodiment of outer shell 14b shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, the shell 14b is provided with a twist channel 52b, which will cooperate with an inserted tube to allow the magazine to be armed by twisting the tube, as will be discussed later. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the outer shell 14b′ is provided with a pair of opposed pull channels 54b′ and one or more friction retainers 56b′, which will cooperate with an inserted inner tube so the magazine may be armed by pulling on the inner tube, as will be discussed later. In yet another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, the outer shell 14b′′ is provided with twist channel 52b′′, opposed pull channels 54b′′ and one or more friction retainers 56b′′, such that the arming motion is either a twist or a pull, as may be preferred by the user. In each case, the outer tube 14b is provided with a threaded area 58b at its front end 40b, which is slightly smaller than the inner circumference of the rest of the outer shell 14b, thereby providing a ridge 60b to support an inner tube when it is inserted. Each of the outer shell embodiments is also provided with one or more sets of locking slots 62b, 62b′, 62b′′ to retain a locking and arming mechanism such as a gripper, as will be discussed.
The guide mechanism provided to ensure accurate insertion of the outer shell 14c into a receiver 16 (not shown) may alternatively be a pair of opposed guide slots 64c, as shown in FIGS. 9a-9d. 
One embodiment of gripper 28a, best shown in FIGS. 10a-10g, comprises a generally annular shape with a central opening 66a, which may have a slight step 68a within the opening 66a, and which may be threaded 70a. The ring further comprises a pair of opposed resilient tabs 72a on its outer circumference, each of which may actuate an extending hook 74a. Tabs 72a may be biased towards the ring's outer edge, such as by springs 76a or another suitable biasing means. A pair of opposed elongated slots 78a are also provided near the outer edge of the inner surface of the gripper 28a in order to accommodate the rear opening of an inner tube, and a compression space 80a having an extension 82a may be provided along one or both elongated slots 78a to accommodate the flex locks on the inner tube, so that the two pieces may be securely joined.
The magazine 10 preferably further comprises one or more closure means to close off at least one end of the magazine, making it possible to refill and reuse empty magazines without disassembling the magazine 10. One exemplary closure means is refill cap 84, best shown in FIGS. 11a-11c. Refill cap 84 comprises a disk shape with an extending threaded portion 86, sized to mate with a threaded end of an outer shell.
An alternative embodiment of closure means is shown in detail in FIGS. 12a-12c as refill plug 88a, which may provide a slightly different magazine profile. Refill plug 88a comprises a disk shape and a threaded portion 90 around its outer circumference, again being of a size to mate with a threaded end of an outer shell. Refill plug 88a may also be provided with one or more slots 92a, arranged in an X as shown, a slot, or any other suitable shape, by which a suitable tool such as a screwdriver or a coin may be inserted to tighten or loosen the refill plug in the end of shell 14. Alternatively, refill plug 88a may be provided without a threaded portion, and may simply be friction-fitted into an end of an outer shell. In a further alternative, best shown in FIGS. 37a-37c, refill plug 88b may be provided with an extending divider tab 198b, which may be grasped and operated solely by a user's fingers. In yet another embodiment, best shown in FIGS. 49a-49c, refill plug 88c may be provided with one or more extending tabs 200c, which would cooperate with one or more slots in a magazine. In this case, it may be possible to omit threads, making it faster to secure the refill plug to the magazine.
In one embodiment, shown in FIGS. 13a-13d, receiver 16a comprises a feed neck 94a through which paintballs received from a magazine 10 are passed to the marker. Feed neck 94a may be of any suitable configuration such that its exterior may be securely mounted on the marker. The receiver may be flat or tilted slightly with respect to the marker. The receiver is integrated with the marker or mounted thereon by any suitable means, such as clamping, friction fit, pressure fit, or any other means suited to or dictated by the particular marker and does not form part of the present invention. Receiver 16a also includes an opening, such as socket 96a, shaped and sized to receive a magazine and to secure it within the depths of the opening. Receiver 16a further includes a guide by which a user can ensure that magazine is being correctly inserted into socket 96a. In the embodiment shown, a pair of opposed guide slots 98a are provided, which would accommodate opposed guide rails on the magazine, but it will be understood that any suitable number of guide slots may be provided, and that they may be placed in any suitable orientation within receiver 16a. Further, the dimensions of guide slots 98a may change, for example by tapering, in order to facilitate the insertion of a magazine into the receiver 16a. It will also be understood that guide rails may be used on the receiver, which would accommodate the guide slots 64b of the outer shell embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a-9d. Receiver 16a may further comprise a magazine lock mechanism 100a that interacts with a magazine to secure the magazine within the socket 96a. Magazine lock mechanism 100a comprises a catch 102a that is biased, such as by spring 104a, to protrude into socket 96a through an opening 106a. The catch 102a is located and sized to interact with a lock slot in an outer shell, such that when the magazine is inserted, catch 102a automatically engages the lock slot to lock the magazine into place. When the magazine is to be removed, an actuator, such as lever 108a, may be moved to overcome the biasing force and disengage catch 102a, releasing the magazine.
Within the socket 96a, this embodiment features an open end 110a, which extends approximately halfway around a magazine. The open end 110a simplifies insertion of the magazine into the receiver by providing more available area in which to make the correct connection. The socket 96a also features a closed end 112a, which is intended to fully encompass part of the magazine, and which assists in holding the magazine in place, down against the receiver. Between the open 110a and closed 112a ends, a buffer area 114a is provided, which consists of a buffer spring 116a behind a buffer gate 118a. When a magazine is loaded, buffer gate moves deeper into the socket 96a, compressing buffer spring 116a. It is held in that position when lock mechanism 100a engages the magazine. When the lock mechanism 100a is released, buffer spring 116a will expand to assist with the ejection of the magazine from the socket 96a. Buffer spring 116a may be provided in one or more spring strengths, chosen to provide different responses. For example, a stronger spring would eject a magazine with more force, which may or may not be preferred by a particular user. Alternatively or in addition, an adjustable spring arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 64 may be provided. Buffer area 114a also allows easy and intuitive magazine insertions, as it is sized to prevent a magazine from going too deeply into the socket and perhaps becoming jammed. The presence of buffer spring 116a also slightly cushions the magazine as it is being inserted, minimizing the chances that the magazine will be damaged. Buffer gate 118a is aligned within socket 96a, such as by guide mechanism 120a, and travels between a first position, in which the buffer spring 116a is extended, and a second position where the buffer spring 116a is compressed. In the first position, buffer gate 118a is positioned to substantially cover the mouth of the feed neck 94a. This allows the user to fire or manipulate the marker in between magazine changes (i.e. when there is no magazine in the receiver) without spilling rounds out of the receiver. When the magazine is inserted, the buffer gate 118a is pushed into the second position, uncovering the mouth of the feed neck 94a, allowing paintballs to flow from the magazine (once it is armed) into the feed neck 94a. The buffer gate 118a provides a clean way to change magazines, in which a magazine can be removed and replaced even if it is not yet empty. In prior art receivers without separate protection over the feed neck and a way to close the magazine, it is possible for a user to eject a magazine which is not yet empty and which is therefore still feeding paintballs to the receiver. In that case, it is very likely that a paintball will get caught and break while the magazine is being ejected, creating a mess within the receiver and on the marker and magazine. The use of the buffer area 114a may allow a user to take advantage of a convenient time to reload, rather than being forced to wait until a magazine is completely empty.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14a and 14b, receiver 16b includes similar parts as the first embodiment, such as a feed neck 94b, socket 96b, opposed guide slots 98b and magazine lock mechanism 100b. Receiver 16b may be sized to also serve a hopper function, for example by providing enlarged area 122b, which may be of any suitable size to hold one or more paintballs between the magazine and the marker, ready to provide a paintball to the marker on demand. This may expedite loading paintballs into the marker, as the user does not have to wait for all paintballs in the current magazine to be fed through to the marker before replacing the magazine. Paintballs may move towards the marker by any suitable means, including under gravity feed or with the assistance of a mechanical, pneumatic or electric feeding means associated with the marker. Receiver 16b may instead or in addition be provided with an area 124b, which is sized to accommodate mechanical, pneumatic or electric feeding assist means, such as an agitator, paddle, auger or other means to move the paintballs and clear any jammed paintballs.
Referring now to FIGS. 15a-16d, magazine 10b may be provided with the body 38d of outer shell 14d as a two-piece tube, most simply split along guide rails 46d and held together with suitable fasteners in one or more fastener holes 126d. This embodiment also includes twist channel 52d, which cooperates with twist guides on the inner tube, as will be discussed.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17a-17d, inner tube 12b may be provided with one or more twist guides 128b on its outer surface. These will cooperate with the twist channel in an outer shell (e.g. twist channel 52d in FIG. 16b), to arm an assembled magazine. They will also abut the end of the twist channel if the channel does not extend too far around the circumference of the outer shell, in order to prevent over-rotation of the inner tube within the outer shell. This may eliminate the need for a secondary means to prevent over-rotation, such as on the gripper or at the rear end of the outer tube, or it may act as a backup rotation control. The front end 20b of inner tube 12b may be of a similar configuration as any of the other embodiments herein described, or may be closed, as shown in FIG. 17c. Inner tube 12b may also be provided with a plurality of rear apertures 26b to engage with a locking and arming mechanism such as a gripper, as will be discussed. Rear apertures may be provided in one or more opposed pairs of apertures 130b, 132b, depending on the configuration of the tube 12b. One or more tabs 134b may extend into the tube body 18b. One or more holes 136b may be provided in each tab 134b to accommodate means to fasten a gripper to inner tube 12b. 
In the embodiment of gripper 28 shown in FIGS. 18a-18d, the gripper 28b is a disc shape having one or more fastener holes 138b which will line up with fastener holes to accommodate suitable fasteners. To increase the security of the attachment, fastener holes 138b may be provided on a block 140b extending from the inside surface of the gripper 28b, which will mate with apertures 132b on gripper 28b. A second block 142b may be oriented approximately perpendicularly to block 140b, and will preferably be located to mate with apertures 130b on gripper 28b. One or more spring-biased lock tabs 72b may be provided to lock an inner tube into the outer shell.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19a and 19b, the magazine 10c is provided with a tube 12c having a protruding neck 144c for connection with another embodiment of gripper 28. Tube 12c, as shown in FIGS. 20a-20d, is provided with a neck 144c, which may be solid or may be hollow to decrease its weight, having threads 146c at one end, and one or more alignment blocks 148c elsewhere on the neck 144c. The tube 12c is also provided with one or more spaced pull guides 162c on its body 18c, which will interact with the outer shell. It will be understood that pull guides 162c may be of any suitable length or configuration (compare the pull guides 162d in FIGS. 24a and 24b), although a longer pull guide may offer more support to a fully-loaded magazine,
FIGS. 21a and 21b shown a third embodiment of a gripper 28c, having flex locks 34c and flex lock releases 36c, along with a central aperture 150c and one or more spaced slots 152c, designed to accommodate alignment blocks on an inner tube. This ensures that the gripper 28c fits snugly and securely onto the end of the tube. Further securing the gripper 28c in place is a threaded closure cap 154c, best shown in FIGS. 21c and 21d, which comprises a threaded area 156c corresponding to threads on an inner tube.
In another embodiment, outer shell 14e, best shown in FIGS. 22a-22e, comprises a body 38e having two pieces 158e, 158e′, which may or may not be halves, that fasten together by any suitably secure mechanism, such as clips, magnets or other fasteners, that provides suitable retention. It is also contemplated that the shell pieces 158e, 158e′ may be held together in a configuration that provides physical engagement or frictional retention. One or more pull channels 54e accommodate pull guides on an inner tube, while the guide mechanism (protruding guide rails 46e, in this case) coordinates with the guide slots on a receiver. If the locations of the pull channels 54e and the guide rails 46e coincide, it may save space within the magazine. In this embodiment, the front end 40e of shell body 38e is provided with an aperture 164e in which a refill plug may be snugly fitted and retained by friction or other suitable fastening means. A ridge 166e may be provided to ensure that the refill plug cannot easily be pushed too far into the outer shell 14e. Retainer 160e, best shown in FIG. 22b, holds an inner tube in an armed position by suitable means such as friction or magnetization; this may not be necessary in embodiments where the fit between the inner tube and outer shell is close enough to prevent unforced movement.
A magazine may be provided with any suitable cross-section besides circular, such as the square magazine 10d in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 23-25d. This shape may be useful in terms of ensuring that the magazine is properly inserted into the receiver. This embodiment also illustrates an arrangement wherein the arming mechanism at the rear end of the inner tube 12d is provided as a single piece, in the form of grip end 168d at the rear end 22d of the tube body 18d, which may be held in place and manipulated by any suitable means such as tabs 72d and hooks 74d. In the outer shell 14f corresponding to this embodiment, an aperture 164f may be provided, into which a refill plug or refill cap may be smugly fitted and retained by friction or other suitable fastening means. One or more pull guides 169d may be provided to interact with guide slots 64f. This embodiment also illustrates that, like guide rails, guide slots 64f may change over the length of the outer shell 14f; in the exemplary embodiment shown, the guide slots 64f flare towards the front end 40f of outer shell 14f, which may assist a user during insertion of the magazine into a receiver.
In the embodiment of the magazine shown in FIGS. 26-27d, the magazine 10e may be provided without a guide mechanism to assist with proper alignment of the magazine with the receiver. This may be simplest to achieve with a non-circular magazine shape, as shown, without compromising the ability for a user to successfully insert a magazine. However, it will be understood that a guideless embodiment may be provided with any magazine cross-section, as long as the user is reasonably assured of properly inserting the magazine into the receiver.
In the embodiment of the receiver 16c shown in FIGS. 28a-28d, the parts are similar to those shown in earlier embodiments, although this embodiment includes a square cross-section, and provides guide rails 170c instead of guide slots. It will be understood that this embodiment may be provided with guide slots, as may be dictated by the configuration of the particular magazine being used with the receiver 16c. 
The receiver 16d shown in FIGS. 29a and 29b illustrates an embodiment in which the receiver lacks a guide rail or guide slots, as might be used with the guideless magazine embodiment of FIGS. 26-27d including outer shell embodiment 14g. However, this receiver may also be used with a magazine having guide slots, or even guide rails where the overall magazine cross-section can still be accommodated within the receiver 16d. 
The magazine 10f embodiment shown in FIGS. 30-36b comprises many of the same features as the earlier embodiments. However, one or both of the inner tube 12e and outer shell 14h may be provide with one more openings 172e, 172f, 172h, and/or thinned areas 174h, which may be employed in a manner sufficient to reduce the overall weight of the magazine 10f without affecting its overall strength and stability. In an embodiment in which the outer shell has only a single aperture, the inner tube 12f may be cut back entirely, as shown in FIGS. 32a and 32b, further reducing the overall weight of the magazine 10f, without sacrificing strength and stability.
A gripper 28d may be provided having a configuration as shown in FIGS. 33a-33d. The gripper has parts similar to those shown in earlier embodiments, but may also include one or more notches 176d, which may provide a more certain grip for a user. The gripper 28d may also be provided with one or more stop tabs 178d, which engage with slots 190h (best shown in FIGS. 35a and 36a) in the outer shell, to prevent excess rotation during the arming motion. One or more lock tabs 184d, which may be actuated by triggers 186d or simply rotated by force, serve the same purpose as opposed resilient tabs 72a and extending hooks 74a in the previous embodiments (see e.g. FIGS. 10-10g), to engage with lock tab slots 192h (best shown in FIGS. 35a and 36a) in the outer shell. The gripper may also be lightened, to reduce the overall weight of the magazine, by providing one or more weight-reducing openings 188d. Finally, while other embodiments have included mating blocks to fit into apertures in an inner tube, this embodiment shows that the gripper 28d may instead be provided with one or more mating slots 180d, which will engage with mating block(s) 182e (best shown in FIGS. 31a and 31c) on inner tube 12e, to be fastened into place with an appropriate fastener.
The front end of the outer shell may also be provided with an angled or rounded shape 194, as best shown in FIG. 30, in order to provide a smoother insertion into a player's vest, and/or into the receiver. As best shown in FIG. 35a, the rear end 42h of the outer shell may also be provided with an angled surface 196h to guide the inner tube into the outer shell.
In the embodiment of a magazine 10g shown in FIGS. 38-46, inner tube 12g may be provided with one (FIGS. 40a and 40b) or more (FIGS. 39a-39d) opposed legs 202g, 202g′ which essentially merely connect the front end 20g to the rear end 22g and accommodate guide tabs 30g. Again, this serves to lighten the overall magazine, as well as ensuring that the arming mechanisms have room to operate freely.
This embodiment also illustrates another type of gripper, which uses a slip lock grip arming mechanism 204 that operates in a manner similar to a medicine bottle cap, in that it must be pressed down then turned, in order to open. Slip ring 206 having central opening 66e, is provided with one or more opposed compression plates 208, each having an opening 210 to accommodate a pin 212 around which a spring 214 is placed. The core 216 of the slip lock mechanism 204 accommodates the pins 212 and springs 214 on pin plates 224 on one side, such that the pins extend through pin openings 226 on the opposed side of the core 216. The core 216 further comprises one or more additional openings 218 to accommodate fasteners (not shown) and may include one or more openings 188e to reduce the overall weight of the assembly. The fasteners connect a back plate 220, via corresponding openings 222. Back plate 220 may also comprise extensions 226 which serve to support the core 216 underneath the pin plates 224. When the core 216 is assembled, core 216 fits within slip ring 206 such that pins 212 fit through pin openings 210 and springs 214 rest against compression plates 208. Back plate 220 is added, and the assembly is fastened to inner tube 12. The assembled inner tube and slip lock grip mechanism 204 is then pressed into the rear of the outer shell until channel 228 in slip ring 206 engages with stopper channel 230i which extends below cuff 232i. When pressure is released, springs 214 extend, locking the mechanism into place, unless the mechanism is pressed to relieve the spring pressure and then rotated to disengage from stopper channel 230i. 
This embodiment also illustrates different configurations for the front end 20g of the inner tube 12g (FIG. 39c) and front end 40i of the outer shell 14i (FIG. 44c). Depending on the size of the paintballs typically being used, it may not be necessary to provide full coverage of the front ends, as long as the combined pieces do not leave any gaps large enough for a paintball to escape.
Two embodiments of a receiver 16e, 16f are shown in FIGS. 47a-b and 48a-b. These embodiments provide a lock mechanism 100e, 100f placed on a side of the socket 96e, 96f, to allow easier access for a user to either push or pull the actuator 108e, 108f and release the magazine. In a further aspect, FIG. 48c shows a rim 234f, which extends slightly over the opening into the feed neck 94f, and which may prevent paintballs from coming up from the feed neck 94f even if the marker is tilted without a magazine in the socket 96f, for example, when a user is changing a magazine.
The embodiment of the magazine 10h shown in FIGS. 50-54 is similar to the previous embodiment, but includes a connecting means at the front of the magazine. A fastener, such as swivel pin 236h or other suitable connecting means, may be provided on the front end 20h of inner tube 12h, to extend through pin opening 238j in the front end 40j of outer shell 14j. It will be understood that the swivel pin 236h may instead be placed on outer shell 14j and extend through an opening in the front end 20h of inner tube 12h. In this embodiment, it may be less important to secure the rear end 22h of the inner tube 12h directly to the outer tube 14j; accordingly the guide channel and guide tabs may be eliminated. As another option, core 216h may be manufactured with inner tube 12h, (see e.g. FIG. 51b), further reducing the number of pieces included with the magazine.
The embodiment of the magazine 10i shown in FIGS. 55-59 illustrates that it is possible to obtain a satisfactory and secure engagement between the inner tube 12i and outer shell 14k, and therefore minimizing the required connecting mechanisms simply by providing carefully sized parts. In this embodiment a friction fit material 240i may be provided on the outside of inner tube 12i, as shown, or at any other suitable point within the magazine to take up any slack that might be present. It is also possible to provide a gripper 28i that is integral with inner tube 12i, as there is no need for a complex locking mechanism. This reduces the number of major parts in a complete magazine to two: the inner tube 12i and the outer shell 14k, along with any closure means necessary to secure the ends of the magazine.
It is also possible to provide inner tubes having configurations designed to minimize the weight of the tube. FIGS. 60a-63b show views of inner tube embodiments 12j, 12k, 12l, 12m, in which various portions of the tube body 18j, 18k, 18l, 18m are cut out. Such weight reducing designs are not limited to the exact configurations shown, but may be provided in any configuration or combination of configurations as long as the overall integrity of the tube 12j, 12k, 12l, 12m is not compromised. Further, while the figures include twist guides 128, it will be understood that those maybe replaced by, for example pull guides 169 (not shown), or a combination, as may be preferred.
In the embodiment of the magazine 10j shown in FIGS. 65a-69 the refill cap 84 is provided as a hinged cover, which may be easier to manipulate than a threaded cap or plug. The connection between the inner tube 12n and outer shell 14l is made via one or more clips 242n, which engage with a channel 246l within the outer shell 14l, and lock into corresponding lock holes 248l in the channel 246l, in a manner similar to flex locks and lock slots in other embodiments. However, the clip 242n may be provided with beveled edges 244n such that simple rotation of the arming mechanism provides enough force to move a clip 242n out of engagement with a lock hole 248l and ninety degrees along the channel 246l, to reengage with the next lock hole 248l. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, there are four evenly spaced lock holes 248l, and a pair of opposed clips 242n. When the magazine is not in use, the clips 242n are oriented such that the apertures in inner tube 12n do not line up with the apertures 44l in outer shell 14l, as shown in FIG. 69. When the magazine 10j is to be opened to provide paintballs, the rear end 22n may be gripped and rotated a quarter turn, moving the lock clips 242n out of engagement with the current lock holes 248l, and into engagement with the next pair of lock holes 248l. The apertures 24n of the tube 12n and 44l of the outer shell 14l are then aligned, freeing paintballs to fall out of the magazine. This embodiment also illustrates the ability to provide discontinuous rails 46l, or rails of varying size and cross-section, as long as the ability to successfully engage with the receiver is not compromised.
FIGS. 70-73 illustrate another embodiment of magazine assembly 10k of the invention. Receiver 16g comprises a feed neck 94g through which paintballs received from magazine 10k are passed to the marker. Feed neck 94g may be of any suitable configuration such that its exterior may be securely mounted on the marker. The receiver 16g may be flat as shown, or tilted slightly with respect to the marker, by changing the shape and/or angle of the feed neck 94g. The means by which the receiver 16g is mounted may be any suitable means, such as clamping, friction fit, pressure fit, or any other means suited to or dictated by the particular marker and does not form part of the present invention. Feed neck 94g may be provided with a window 250g, through which a user may monitor the level of paintballs remaining within the receiver 16g. 
Receiver 16g also includes an opening, such as socket 96g, shaped and sized to receive a portion of a magazine and to secure it within the depths of the opening 110g. Receiver 16g further includes a guide by which a user can ensure that a magazine is being correctly inserted into socket 96g. In the embodiment shown, a pair of opposed guide slots 98g are provided, which would accommodate opposed guide rails 46m located on outer shell 14m (best shown in FIGS. 78a-78d), as will be discussed, but it will be understood that any suitable number of guide slots 98g may be provided, and that they may be placed in any suitable orientation within receiver 16g. Further, the dimensions of guide slots 98g may change, for example by tapering, in order to facilitate the insertion of a magazine into the receiver 16g. It will also be understood that guide rails may be used on the receiver instead of guide slots, which would accommodate guide slots in an embodiment of an outer shell containing guide slots instead of guide rails, some of which have been discussed earlier.
Receiver 16g further preferably comprises a magazine lock mechanism 100g that interacts with a magazine to secure it within the socket 96g. Magazine lock mechanism 100g comprises a catch 252g that protrudes into socket 96g through an opening 254g. The catch 252g is located and sized to interact with lock pocket 47m and an end of rail 46m on outer shell 14m (shown only in FIGS. 78a-78b and 79a-79b), such that when the magazine is inserted, catch 252g automatically engages the lock pocket and rail, locking the magazine in place. When the magazine is to be removed, pressure on the mechanism 100g overcomes the biasing force and disengages catch 252g, releasing the magazine.
Within the socket 96g, this embodiment features an open end 110g, which partially covers the magazine. The open end 110g simplifies insertion of the magazine into the receiver 16g by providing more available area in which to make the correct connection. The socket 96g also features a closed end 112g, which is intended to encompass the front end of the magazine and cover any exposed apertures in the magazine.
In a further aspect, best seen in FIG. 73, a rim 234g, which extends slightly over the opening into the feed neck 94g, may be provided to prevent paintballs from coming up from the feed neck even if the marker is tilted forwards or backwards without a magazine in the socket 96, for example, when a user is changing a magazine. In this figure, the rim 234g is shown as being divided into two identical segments and as being atop two sections of the feed neck 94g, but it will be understood that the exact position, shape and number of rim segments may be changed without impairing its functionality.
This view also more clearly shows features that could be present in any of the other receiver embodiments. One or more abutments 266g may be provided to stop the insertion of magazine, to ensure that a user does not accidentally push the magazine too far into the closed end 112g of receiver 16g, possibly jamming and/or damaging the magazine as well as the receiver 16g. An overflow area 268g may be provided to accommodate paintballs which have accidentally entered the receiver from the feed neck or from the magazine. The overflow area 268g allows such paintballs to sit out of the insertion path of a magazine entering into the receiver, minimizing the chance that a loose paintball will get caught and break on such insertion.
In one embodiment, inner tube 12p, best seen in FIGS. 74 and 75, comprises a generally tubular body 18p having an open front end 20p and an opposed rear end 22p. One or more tube apertures 24p are located on inner tube 12p, through which paintballs will flow out of the magazine, once the magazine is properly inserted and armed. One or more aperture covers 25p are also provided between and/or beside the tube apertures 24p. Aperture covers 25p extend between the rear end 22p and front end 20p on supports such as arms 27p, but arms 27p may be larger or smaller than shown, or may be shaped differently, and in particular may constitute the entirety of body 18p, or may be a solid extension of body 18p. Thinner arms 27p will reduce the overall weight of the magazine, as will a shorter body 18p, or a body consisting entirely of one or more arms 27p and aperture covers 25p. Tube 12p may optionally be provided with one or more internal ramps (not shown), which assist in funneling paintballs within tube 12p towards the aperture 24p and into the receiver.
Tube 12p further comprises one or more flexible guide tabs 30p, which allow the tube 12p to be inserted and locked into an outer shell, as will be discussed. The guide tabs 30p are preferably a pair of opposed guide tabs as shown, but one guide tab may be used without substantially affecting the operation of the tube 12p, or two or more guide tabs may be positioned in any suitable places about the circumference of the tube body 18p. Flexible guide tabs 30p are provided with a release surface or point 32p, which acts as a quick release method, allowing the user to separate the inner tube from the outer shell as required merely by pressing the release surface 32p. 
In this embodiment, the rear 22p of the inner tube 12p is closed and comprises a gripper 28e or similar mechanism by which the inner tube can be easily grasped and securely manipulated to open or close the magazine as well as pushing it into and pulling it out of outer shell. One or more stoppers 256p are also positioned on the inner tube and will interact with the outer shell to control the rotation of the inner tube 12p within the outer shell, as will be discussed. Such stoppers may be located close to the gripper 28e as shown, or at any alternative position within the magazine, including on the outer shell, providing that an appropriate abutment point is given to prevent excessive or undesired rotation of the inner tube within the outer shell.
In another embodiment, best shown in FIGS. 76 and 77, the front end 20q of inner tube 12q may comprise a ring 258q. This may provide additional stability to the front end 20q of the inner tube, and decrease the flexibility of the aperture covers 25q, which may protect the paintballs within the magazine. An additional option feature shown in FIGS. 76 and 77 is the provision of one or more angled surfaces 260q on guide tabs 30q, which allow the user to more easily rotate the inner tube 12q within the outer shell, as will be discussed.
In the embodiment of the outer shell 14m shown in FIGS. 78a-79b, outer shell 14m comprises a generally cylindrical body 38m, sized to fit around an inner tube, having a front end 40m and an opposed rear end 42m. One or more shell apertures 44m is provided in a position to generally correspond with an aperture cover 25p on tube 12p (inner tube and inner tube features shown only in FIGS. 74-77) to cover shell aperture 44m and prevent paintballs from flowing out of the magazine, or to align with a tube aperture 24p to allow paintballs to flow out of outer shell 14m when the magazine is properly armed. Apertures 44m are preferably sized to approximately match the size of aperture covers 25p, but may be smaller or may be somewhat larger, as long as any uncovered portion of aperture 44m is too small to allow paintballs to pass through or to trap or pinch paintballs in a gap when aperture 44m is lined up with aperture cover 25p. The rear end 42m is open to accommodate the inner tube 12p, such that gripper 28e abuts the rear of outer tube 14m, and stopper 256p is accommodated within one or more channels 262m. Channel 262m preferably does not extend around the circumference of the rear end 42m, such that abutment of stopper 256p with the end of channel 262m prevents excessive rotation of the inner tube 12p within the outer shell 14m. 
The outer shell 14m may also be provided with one or more lock slots 48m, which interact with flexible guide tabs 30p on inner tube 12p to affirmatively engage the inner tube 12p within outer tube 14m. One or more lock slots 48m preferably extend through the thickness of the body 38m of the outer tube 14m, such that release surface 32p of guide tabs 30p on inner tube 12p extends through and can be viewed from the outside of outer tube 14m when the tube 12p is correctly inserted. One or more lock channels 49m extends from each lock slot 48m, to control the movement of guide tabs 30p for at least part of its rotation, thereby ensuring that the inner tube 12p is properly retained within the outer shell 14m during the arming and disarming motion. Lock channels 49m are shown as comprising a pair of opposed channels, each covering about one quarter of the circumference of the body 38m. This may assist in manufacturing and/or in operation of the magazine. However, it will be understood that the channel 49m may be provided as a single channel around all or any lesser portion of the circumference of the body 38m, or may be one or more channels each covering a portion of the body circumference. A secondary channel 270m may be provided to ensure smoother rotation of the inner tube within the outer shell between lock slots 48m. 
Generally, the guide tabs 30p are intended to interact with lock slots 48m such that the release surface 32p extends through outer tube 14m primarily to confirm that the inner tube 12p is properly inserted in one of its positions. In this embodiment, guide tabs 30p would preferably be provided with one or more angled surfaces 260p, such that a simple rotation of the gripper 28e will rotate the inner tube 12p within the outer tube 14m to align the shell aperture 44m with the tube aperture 26p (arming the magazine) or the aperture cover 25p (disarming the magazine). Pulling the inner tube 12p by the gripper 28e whenever the release surface 32p is clear of lock slots 48m and lock channels 49m will release the inner tube 12p from outer shell 14m. Alternatively or in addition, pressing on the release surface 32p through lock slot 48m allows the inner tube 12p to be rotated within the outer tube 14m to arm or disarm the magazine, and to disengage the guide tabs 30p from the lock slots 48m and lock channels 49m, thereby allowing the inner tube 12p to be pulled out of outer tube 14m. 
A guide mechanism, shown as a pair of opposed guide rails 46m, is provided to ensure that the outer shell 14m inserts properly into a receiver. Guide rails 46m may be continuous or may be sectional as shown. One or more lock pockets 47m may be provided around one or more pieces of guide rails 46m to assist with retention of the magazine within a receiver, as previously discussed. The guide mechanism provided to ensure accurate insertion of the outer shell 14m into a receiver may alternatively be a pair of opposed guide slots, as discussed earlier with respect to other embodiments.
As best seen in FIG. 78c, the front end 42m of outer shell 14m may comprise a groove 264m. Groove 264m is shaped and sized to snugly accommodate the front end of an inner tube, thus providing support to the tube. This allows front end 20p of inner tube 12p to be an incomplete circle as shown in FIGS. 74 and 75, or a complete circle 20q as shown in FIGS. 76 and 77, to provide additional support for the inner tube 12q. Groove 264m is shown as circular, but it may be shaped to accommodate any shape or inner tube.
It will be appreciated that the various features have been illustrated alone and in combination with each other, but that specific individual features of each of the inner tube, outer shell, gripper, refill cap or plug, and receiver may be used as appropriate with any of the embodiments or combinations thereof that have been described. For example, some of the features of the later embodiments, such as removal of various portions of the inner tube to reduce the overall weight of the magazine, are shown as modifications to some of the earlier embodiments in FIGS. 60a-63b. However, these exemplary combinations are not exhaustive.
Further, while the various components of the magazine assembly have been identified with reference numbers in combination with letters to denote like parts as used in different embodiments, it will be understood that components are not limited to combinations with other components having the same letter, or to the specific combinations of embodiments illustrated herein. For example, receiver 16a may be used with magazines besides 10a, and magazine 10a may comprise other than inner tube 12a and outer shell 14a, and receiver 16g may be used with magazines other than that denoted as 10k. Unless the components are clearly unsuited to being combined (for example because of features such as shape), specific individual features of each of the components may be used as appropriate with any of the embodiments or combinations thereof that have been described.
It will also be appreciated that several features, such as slots, tabs, apertures, channels, chamfers, openings and blocks have been illustrated, but that the exact shape and dimensions of such parts may be adjusted as required, for example for ease of manufacturing, without affecting the overall working and performance of the magazine or receiver.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. However, the scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

## Claims

1. A magazine for storing and feeding paintballs to a paintball marker, said magazine comprising:
an inner tube adapted to hold paintballs, said inner tube comprising at least one aperture;
an outer shell sized to at least partially enclose said inner tube, said outer shell comprising at least one aperture through which paintballs will flow into said marker; and
an arming mechanism operatively connected to said inner tube to move said inner tube within said outer shell when said arming mechanism is twisted or pulled, to thereby align said apertures and to allow flow of said paintballs from said magazine to said paintball marker.

2. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said arming mechanism comprises a gripper having at least one aperture cover extending therefrom, and actuation of said gripper causes said aperture cover to cover or uncover said outer shell aperture.

3. The magazine of claim 2 wherein said gripper comprises a slip lock mechanism.

4. The magazine of claim 2 wherein said gripper further comprises a refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into said magazine.

5. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said outer shell further comprises a refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into said magazine.

6. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said outer shell comprises one or more channels to control movement of said arming mechanism.

7. The magazine of claim 1, further comprising an outer shell guide, adapted for insertion into a receiver guide in a receiver on said marker.

8. The magazine of claim 1, further comprising at least one internal ramp to assist in funneling said paintballs toward said aperture.

9. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said outer shell has a non-circular cross-section.

10. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said outer shell comprises two or more pieces.

11. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said inner tube further comprises at least one aperture cover bounding said at least one inner tube aperture;
wherein said arming mechanism aligns said outer tube aperture and said aperture cover to prevent paintballs from flowing from said magazine.

12. The magazine of claim 11 wherein said inner tube further comprises a refill means through which paintballs may be inserted into said magazine.

13. The magazine of claim 11, wherein said arming mechanism and said inner tube are inseparable.

14. The magazine of claim 11 wherein said arming mechanism is a gripper.

15. The magazine of claim 14 wherein said gripper is attached to said inner tube by a threaded connection.

16. The magazine of claim 15 wherein said gripper farther comprises a locking mechanism to prevent said inner tube from moving within said outer shell.

17. The magazine of claim 11 further comprising:
an inner tube lock on said inner tube; and
an outer shell lock in said outer shell;
wherein said outer shell lock is adapted to receive said inner tube lock to removably secure said inner tube within said outer shell.

18. The magazine of claim 17 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a flexible guide tab and said outer shell lock comprises a guide slot.

19. The magazine of claim 17 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a guide slot and said outer shell lock comprises a flexible guide tab.

20. The magazine of claim 17 wherein said outer shell lock comprises a swivel pin and said inner tube lock comprises an opening to accommodate said swivel pin.

21. The magazine of claim 17 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a swivel pin and said outer shell lock comprises an opening to accommodate said swivel pin.

22. The magazine of claim 17 wherein said inner tube lock comprises at least one clip and said outer shell lock comprises at least one lock hole.

23. The magazine of claim 11 wherein said outer shell further comprises a closed front end and a groove within said front end to accommodate a front end of said inner tube.

24. The magazine of claim 11 wherein said inner tube has a non-circular cross-section.

25. The magazine of claim 11 further comprising friction fit material between said inner tube and said outer shell.

26. The magazine of claim 11 wherein said inner tube further comprises a stopper mechanism to control rotation of said inner tube within said outer shell.

27. The magazine of claim 1 further comprising a locking mechanism to prevent said arming mechanism from moving within said outer shell.

28. The magazine of claim 1 further comprising a stopper mechanism to control rotation of said arming mechanism within said outer shell.

29. The magazine of claim 1 wherein said magazine further comprises a locking mechanism to secure said magazine to a receiver in said marker.

30. A loading and feeding assembly for a paintball marker comprising:
a magazine adapted to hold paintballs said magazine comprising:
an inner tube adapted to hold paintballs said inner tube comprising at least one aperture;
an outer shell sized to at least partially enclose said inner tube, said outer shell comprising at least one aperture through which paintballs will flow into said marker; and
an arming mechanism operatively connected to said inner tube to move said inner tube within said outer shell when said arming mechanism is twisted or pulled, to thereby align said apertures and to allow flow of said paintballs from said magazine to said paintball marker; and

a receiver mountable on said marker, said receiver comprising:
an opening in communication with a feed neck, said opening being adapted to receive and enclose a portion of said magazine; and
at least one guide within said opening to guide insertion of said magazine into said opening.

31. The assembly of claim 30, wherein said receiver further comprises a window for viewing paintballs within said marker.

32. The assembly of claim 30, wherein said receiver farther comprises a flexible catch to hold said magazine within said opening.

33. The assembly of claim 30 further comprising a locking mechanism to prevent said arming mechanism from moving within said outer shell.

34. The assembly of claim 30 further comprising a stopper mechanism to control rotation of said arming mechanism within said outer shell.

35. The assembly of claim 30 wherein said inner tube further comprises at least one aperture cover bounding said at least one inner tube aperture;
wherein said arming mechanism aligns said outer tube aperture and said aperture cover to prevent paintballs from flowing from said magazine.

36. The assembly of claim 35 wherein said inner tube further comprises a stopper mechanism to control rotation of said inner tube within said outer shell.

37. The assembly of claim 35 further comprising:
an inner tube lock on said inner tube; and
an outer shell lock in said outer shell;
wherein said outer shell lock is adapted to receive said inner tube lock to removably secure said inner tube within said outer shell.

38. The assembly of claim 37 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a flexible guide tab and said outer shell lock comprises a guide slot.

39. The assembly of claim 37 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a guide slot and said outer shell lock comprises a flexible guide tab.

40. The assembly of claim 37 wherein said outer shell lock comprises a swivel pin and said inner tube lock comprises an opening to accommodate said swivel pin.

41. The assembly of claim 37 wherein said inner tube lock comprises a swivel pin and said outer shell lock comprises an opening to accommodate said swivel pin.

42. The assembly of claim 37 wherein said inner tube lock comprises at least one clip and said outer shell lock comprises at least one lock hole.

43. The assembly of claim 30 wherein said magazine further comprises a locking mechanism to secure said outer shell to said receiver.

44. The assembly of claim 30 wherein said receiver further comprises an overflow area spaced from a path traveled by said magazine upon insertion into said receiver.

45. The assembly of claim 30, wherein said receiver further comprises a rim at a top edge of said feed neck to prevent paintballs from travelling towards said magazine.