May 10, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6457

Force Base and code named the Dakota

Challenge, measured the readiness rate

of one B–1B bomber wing when provided fully with the necessary spare

parts, maintenance equipment, support

crews, and logistics equipment. The

Dakota Challenge found that a fully

funded B–1B wing could maintain an

unprecedented 84 percent mission capable rate. In addition, improvements

were seen in other readiness indicators,

including the 12-hour fix rate—a measure of how often a malfunctioning aircraft can be repaired and returned to

the air within one half day.

By meeting a number of different

challenges, the B–1B has earned justifiably the designation as the workhorse

of the heavy bomber fleet.

Based on the analysis of the IDA report, the B–1B should assume a prominent role in our Nation’s defense. The

study recognizes that maintaining the

B–1B as the workhorse of the heavy

bomber fleet would yield the highest

return on our defense investment and

render the most cost-effective contribution to our Nation’s heavy bomber

requirements. With continued investments in weapons upgrades, I believe

the B–1B will be an outstanding and effective conventional heavy bomber capable of projecting America’s air power

into the next century.

Mr. President, over the next several

decades, the United States increasingly

will be forced to respond rapidly and

decisively to regional security threats

around the globe. Holding 36 world

records for speed, payload, and distance, the B–1B is uniquely suited to

meeting our Nation’s present and future defense challenges. In this period

of budget constraints, I urge my colleagues to consider carefully the recommendations in the IDA Heavy

Bomber Study before casting their vote

on any defense measures affecting our

heavy bomber force structure.

WAS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE?

THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES

fMr. HELMS. Mr. President, before

contemplating today’s bad news about

the Federal debt, let us do that little

pop quiz once more. You remember—

one question, one answer:

Question: How many million dollars

are in $1 trillion? While you are arriving at an answer, bear in mind that it

was the U.S. Congress that ran up the

Federal debt that now exceeds $4.8 trillion.

To be exact, as of the close of business Tuesday, May 9, the exact Federal

debt—down to the penny—stood at

$4,853,699,696,611.41. This means that

every man, woman, and child in America now owes $18,424.73 computed on a

per capita basis.

Mr. President, back to the pop quiz:

How many million in a trillion? There

are a million million in a trillion.

HONORING MARGARET STANFILL

FOR BRAVERY AND SERVICE

DURING WORLD WAR II

Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, I rise

today to salute a Missourian who has

distinguished herself for her bravery

while in service to her country, Margaret Stanfill of Hayti, MO. As a nurse

serving in the U.S. Army Nurses Corps

during the Second World War, Margaret served her country with unprecedented bravery and dedication while

participating in some of the greatest

Allied successes of the war.

Margaret Stanfill was documented as

the first American nurse to arrive on

the beaches of Normandy during the

Allies’ D-day invasion of France on

June 6, 1944. The wire service accounts

of the invasion reported that the first

nurses to arrive by barge, ‘‘waded

ashore while battle-weary soldiers

blinked in astonishment.’’ The nurses,

led by Margaret Stanfill and clothed in

two layers of men’s uniforms with steel

helmets, went to work immediately

setting up dressing stations in pup

tents and ministering to the wounded.

Many of the wounded were paratroopers injured as part of the initial assault. I rise today to salute Margaret’s

bravery and leadership, not only at

Normandy, but throughout her life.

Margaret Stanfill grew up in Hayti,

in the bootheel of Southeastern Missouri near the Tennessee border, graduating from Hayti high school in 1938.

While in high school Margaret was a 4-

year member of the basketball team,

serving 1 year as team captain. She

was also a 4-year member of the Hayti

high school tennis team and was county high school’s girls singles champion.

After graduation, Margaret entered

nurses training at the Baptist Hospital

in Memphis, TN, graduating from there

in 1940. After a year in private nursing,

Margaret felt the call of service end entered the U.S. Army Nurses Corps,

training at Camp Tyson.

Margaret arrived in England for additional training on August 1, 1942. By

November of that year, she was among

the first nurses to arrive on shore during the Allied invasion to liberate

North Africa. The scenes of Margaret

and her surgical operating unit being

carried ashore from barges on the

shoulders of their male colleagues appeared in news reels shown around the

world. Her unit followed the Allied advance through North Africa into Sicily,

where Margaret followed the infantry

onto European soil at the invasion of

Italy before returning to England for

further training preceding the D-day

Invasion.

Margaret Stanfill returned from the

war and married Wick P. Moore, an

Army captain she served with during

the North Africa campaign. They settled down in Texas and had three children, two sons and a daughter. I once

again salute Margaret Stanfill Moore

for her service and bravery in playing a

role in some of the most crucial events

in the history of our Nation and our

world. Her love of freedom and willingness to give of herself and her talents

for her country sets an example of

service of which all of us can be proud.

Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, many

NONPROFIT HOSPITALS

fmay believe that health care reform is

not an issue in the 104th Congress. But

I have been advocating reform in one

form or another throughout my now 15

years in the Senate, and I continue to

do so. I have come to the floor on 14 occasions over just the last 3 years to

urge the Senate to address health care

reform. On the first day the Congress

was in session in 1993 and again on the

first day in 1995, I introduced comprehensive health care legislation. The

Health Care Assurance Act of 1995, S.

18, which I introduced on January 4 of

this year, is comprised of reform initiatives that our health care system needs

and can adopt immediately. They are

reforms which can both improve access

and affordability of coverage and

health care delivery and implement

systemic changes to bring down the escalating cost of care. Today, I again

address my colleagues on the issue of

health care access. I want to bring to

the Senate’s attention a particular

component of our health care delivery

system which is uniquely poised to provide innovative services which respond

to the particular needs of individual

communities, but which is in jeopardy—nonprofit hospitals.

In my view it is indispensable that

there be comprehensive affordable, accessible health care for all Americans.

I believe the essential question is

whether we have sufficient resources,

that is medical personnel and hospital,

laboratory, diagnostic and pharmaceutical facilities to deliver services. I

think we do; and nonprofit hospitals

are an important resource of innovative, community-based care. Well over

80 percent of the hospitals in this country have been and are nonprofit institutions. Most nonprofits were founded

decades ago and arose from religiously

or ethnically identified groups and so

were dedicated to serving a particular

community. Most have adhered to this

dedication to community and all of

them serve without restriction or preference. There are approximately 80,000

voluntary trustees, leaders in their respective communities giving freely of

their time, their energies, and their

money to raise the level of health care

in those communities. However, I am

concerned that recent trends in the

health care market, including the

growth of large for-profit hospital systems, and the emphasis on costs and

profits of many managed care organizations as they become economically

dominant, threaten the community

health focus of nonprofit hospitals.

We stand at the threshold of dramatic breakthroughs in understanding,

preventing, and treating a variety of

diseases. Clinical application of the

breakthroughs in research will yield

wondrous results which will alleviate