J - S63002 - 18 2019 PA Super 24 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA v. LOTI MBEWE Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1004 WDA 2017 Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 16, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP - 02 - CR - 0006040 - 2016 BEFORE: OTT, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS  , P.J.E. OPINION BY OTT, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 1, 2019 Loti Mbewe appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed on February 16, 2017, in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County. Mbewe received a bench trial 1 on the charges of robbery – intent to inflict serious bodily injury (two counts), conspiracy – intent to i nflict serious bodily injury, carrying a firearm without a license, person not to possess a firearm, and simple assault. 2 Mbewe was found guilty on both counts of robbery and conspiracy; he was acquitted of all other charges. He received an aggregate sen tence of three to six years’ incarceration to be followed by three years ’ probation. In this timely appeal, Mbewe claims that the trial court erred in failing to grant his motion

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______  Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. 1 This was a combined suppression hearing and non - jury trial. 2 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1), 903, 6106(a)(1), 6105(c)(1), and 2701(a)(3), respectively.J - S63002 - 18

- 2 - to suppress identification which result ed from an impermissibly suggestive p hoto lineup, and that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. After a thorough review of the submissions by the parties, relevant law, and the certified record, we affirm. The facts underlying this appeal are quite detailed. The parties are familiar with these facts, so we will not relate them herein. We refer to and rely on the findings of fact as related by the trial court in its comprehensive Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion of June 25, 2018. Specifically, in this regard we refer to pages 2 - 13, inclusive. Briefly, the victims in this matter, Ava Lewis and Elizabeth O’Leary , were seeking to purchase drugs from Joe Lewis. 3 Joe Lewis arrived at Ms. O’Leary ’s residence accompanied by a person later identified as Defendant, Loti Mbewe. Although Av a and Joe Lewis had prior contact with each other on Facebook , neither women had met Mbewe prior to his arrival at Ms. O’Leary’s residence with Joe Lewis. Lewis and Mbewe robbed the two women at gunpoint, taking several hundred dollars. Initiall y reluc tant to report the crime , the two women eventually reported the robbery to the police. Although the description of Lewis’ s accomplice provided by the victims did not accurately describe Mbewe , one of the police officers had prior knowledge of both Lewis and Mbewe. Accordingly, when the officer heard the names Joe and Loti, he arranged for a pair of photo lineups, one for each man. Although Ava Lewis was unable to identify Mbewe

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______ 3 Joe Lewis and Ava Lewis are not related.J - S63002 - 18

- 3 - from the phot ographs, Ms. O’Leary identified the photograph of Loti Mbewe with 95% certainty that she had identified the perpetrator . In his first issue, Mbewe argues the trial court erred in failing to suppress Ms. O’Leary ’s identification of him through an unduly s uggestive photo array. Our standard of review of an order denying a motion to suppress is as follows: Our standard of review in addressing a challenge to the denial of a suppression motion is limited to determining whether the suppression court's factual findings are supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions drawn from those facts are correct. Because the Commonwealth prevailed before the suppression court, we may consider only the evidence of the Commonwealth and so much of the evidence f or the defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the context of the record as a whole. Where the suppression court ’ s factual findings are supported by the record, we are bound by these findings and may reverse only if the court ’ s legal conclusions are erroneous. Where, as here, the appeal of the determination of the suppression court turns on allegations of legal error, the suppression court ’ s legal conclusions are not binding on an appellate court, “whose duty it is to determine if the suppression cou rt properly applied the law to the facts.” Thus, the conclusions of law of the courts below are subject to our plenary review. Commonwealth v. Kemp , 195 A.3d 269, 275 (Pa. Super. 2018) ( quoting Commonwealth v. Jones , 988 A.2d 649, 654 (Pa. 2010). Further,

“ Whether an out of court identification is to be suppressed as unreliable, and therefore violative of due process, is determined from the totality of the circumstances.” Commonwealth v. Carson , 559 Pa. 460, 480, 741 A.2d 686, 697 (1999) , cert. denied, 52 0 U.S. 1216, 120 S.Ct. 2220, 147 L.Ed.2d 252 (2000) , abrogated on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Freeman , 573 Pa. 532, 827 A.2d 385 (2003) . “Suggestiveness in the identification process is a factor to be considered in determining the admissibility of suc h evidence, but ‘suggestiveness alone does not warrant exclusion.’ ” Commonwealth v. Kubis , 978 A.2dJ - S63002 - 18

- 4 - 391, 396 (Pa. Super. 2009) . Identification evidence will not be suppressed “unless the facts demonstrate that the identification procedure was ‘so impermis sibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.’ ” Commonwealth v. Burton , 770 A.2d 771, 782 (Pa. Super. 2001) , appeal denied, 582 Pa. 669, 868 A.2d 1197 (2005) , overruled on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Mouzon , 571 Pa. 419, 429, 812 A.2d 617, 623 (2002) , quoting Simmons v. United States , 390 U.S. 377, 384, 88 S.Ct. 967, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247 (1968) . Photographs used in line - ups are not unduly suggestive if the suspect's picture does not stand out more than the others, and the people depicted all exhibit similar facial characteristics. Commonwealth v. Fisher , 564 Pa. 505, 520, 769 A.2d 1116, 1126 - 1127 (2001) . Commonwealth v. Fulmore , 25 A.3d 340 , 346 (Pa. Super. 2011). Here, Mbewe does not argue that the photographs themselves were unduly suggestive. That is, he does not claim that his photograph stood out from the other photographs in the array in some manner, thereby calling undue attention to his photo. Rather, he argues the p olice based the photo array “ on the abstract created by the victims’ post - incident description.” Appellant’s Brief at 12. However, this argument is a mischaracterization of dicta taken from Fulmore , supra . Similar to this matter, in Fulmore , the police created photo array s based upon one of the officer’s belief that Fulmore and another man , Kingwood, were one of the perpetrators of the crime, even though Kingwood did not precisely match the victim’s description. A photo array with Kingwood’s photo included was presented to the victim. The other photos in the array resembled Kingwood – not the physical description provide d by the victim ; just as in this matter, the other photos resembled Mbewe and not theJ - S63002 - 18

- 5 - description provided by Ms. O’Leary . This was found to be the proper procedure . A panel of our Court stated: In compiling an array that would meet due process standards, Detective Harrigan was required to place photos in the array of individuals who resembled the suspect, Kingwood, not the abstr act created by [the victim’s] post - incident description. Id. at 347. It appears that Mbewe has mistakenly argued that the identification of Mbewe and inclusion of his photo in an array of photos depicting faces similar to his, was the improper “abstract created by [the victim’s] post - incident description.” This would only be true if the other photos included in the array fit the victim’s description, making Mbewe’s photo stand out as different. Additionally, t he mere fact that the photos in the array co ntaining Mbewe’s picture did not match the victim’s description does not mean the identification process was unduly suggestive. See In re Love , 646 A.2d 1233, 1237 (Pa. Super. 1994) (“ [T] here is no merit to the argument the identification process was undu ly suggestive because the photos did not match the victim’s description of her assailant.” ). In light of the above, Mbewe is not entitled to relief on this aspect of his claim. Regarding the motion to suppress, Mbewe also argues the evidence was unwort hy of belief because of the high stress situation, cross - racial identification and a lack of independent basis for the identification. These challenges to the credibility of the evidence equate to a challenge to the weight of the evidence. See Commonwealth v. Griffin , 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa.J - S63002 - 18

- 6 - Super. 2013) (“ This argument goes to the credibility of the witness ’ s testimony, and is, therefore, not an attack on the sufficiency of the evidence, but an allegation regarding the weight it should have been afforded. ” ) . While we do not often review a weight of the evidence claim in terms of a motion to suppress, and there is little case law regarding this type of claim, we will treat this challenge to the weight of the evidence as we would any other such cla im. 4 Accordingly, we must first determine if the claim has been preserved. A s an initial matter, a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be preserved either in a post - sentence motion, by a written motion before sentencing, or orally prior to sentencing. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(1) - (3). “The purpose of this rule is to make it clear that a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be raised with the tri al judge or it will be waived.” Comment to Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. If an appellant never gives the trial court the opportunity to provide relief, then there is no discretionary act that this Court can review. Commonwealth v. Jones , 191 A.3d 830, 834 - 35 (Pa. Sup er. 2018) (footnotes omitted). Mbewe never raised his weight of the evidence arguments , as applied to the motion to suppress, before the suppression /trial court. Therefore, the challenge to the credibility of the evidence as specifically applied to the motion to suppress is waived.

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______ 4 Regarding a motion to suppress evidence , “ questions of credibi lity and the weight to be accorded to witness testimony are issues within the sound discretion of the trial court.” In re R.P. , 918 A.2d 115, 117 (Pa. Super. 2007). This is a very difficult standard to challenge successfully. This may account for the relative paucity of weight of the evidence claims specifically tailored to motions to suppress.J - S63002 - 18

- 7 - However, Mbewe has properly preserved his claim that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. See Mbewe’s Post Sentence Motions, 2/24/2017. We emphasize this is a distinct claim from the prior argument regarding the motion to suppress. 5 The Supreme Court has set forth the following standard of review for weight of the evidence claims: The essence of appellate review for a weight claim appears to lie in ensuring that the trial court ’ s decision has record support. Where the record adequately supports the trial court, the trial court has acted within the limits of its discretion. * * * A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the discr etion of the trial court. A new trial should not be granted because of a mere conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same facts would have arrived at a different conclusion. Rather, the role of the trial judge is to determine that notwithsta nding all the facts, certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice. * * * An appellate court ’ s standard of review when presented with a weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review applied by the trial court. Appellate

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______ 5 Mbewe raised separate claims regarding the weight of the evidence as applied to the motion to suppress and the verdict. Accordingly, we have addressed them s eparately. We recognize that the Commonwealth’s burden of persuasion is not as stringent regarding a motion to suppress. There, the Commonwealth’s burden of persuasion is by a fair preponderance of the evidence, not beyond a reasonable doubt. See Common wealth ex rel Butler v. Rundle , 239 A.2d 426 (Pa. 1968); Commonwealth v. Smith , 784 A.2d 182 (Pa. Super. 2001). This difference supports our separate consideration of the challenges to the weight of the evidence.J - S63002 - 18

- 8 - review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. Commonwealth v. Cl ay , 619 Pa. 423, 64 A.3d 1049, 1054 - 55 (2013) (citations and quotation omitted). In order for an appellant to prevail on a challenge to the weight of the evidence, “the evidence must be so tenuous, vague and uncertain that the verdict shocks the conscience of the court.” Commonwealth v. Sullivan , 820 A.2d 795, 806 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation omitted). Commonwealth v. Roberts , 133 A.3d 759, 769 - 70 (Pa. Super. 2016). Our review of the certified record reveals no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial c ourt. The trial court’s reasoning in accepting the identification testimony of Ms. O’Leary is amply based upon the record. We rely on the trial court’s opinion, pages 14 - 21 in support of our decision. In addition to the trial court’s reasoning, we fin d no fault with the police providing a photo array that included Mbewe and persons with similar facial characteristics, even though Mbewe did not fit the physical description supplied by Ms. O’Leary . The police had been told that the perpetrators were one Caucasian and one African - American. Ms. O’Leary told the police she believed a person named “Loti” – no last name – may have been involved in the crime. Joe Lewis was positively identified by name . The police independently were aware that Joe L ewis, a Caucasian, was known to associate with a man named Loti Mbewe, an African - American. The police would have been remiss to ignore this information, despite the fact that Mbewe did not specifically mat ch the overall physical description provided by Ms. O’Leary . As noted above, the fact that the photo array did not match theJ - S63002 - 18

- 9 - physical description provide d by the victim does not make the array impermissibly suggestive, and therefore, unreliable. See In r e Love , supra . Judgment of sentence affirmed. Parties are directed to attach a copy of the trial court opinion in the event of further proceedings. Judgment Entered. Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary Date: 2/1/20191-OPINION Circulated 01/18/2019 11:25 AM

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### I. 8 - 2 3 . M s . L ew i s s ta te d t h e s h e wa s o u ts i d e t h e a p a rt m e n t s m o k i n g 2w i t h Li zz i e w h e n J o e L ew i s a p p ro a c h e d . Li zz i e re co g n i z e d h i m co m i n g towa rd s

t h e m a s M s . L ew i s n e v e r m e t h i m b e f o re . I d . a t p . 2 2 , 

### I . 7 - 2 0 . M r . L ew i s h a d a fr i e n d w i t h h i m a n d t h e y e n d e d u p g o i n g u p t h e s ta i rs a n d i n to t h e a p a rt m e n t , a l o n g w i t h M s . L ew i s a n d Li zz i e . I d . a t p . 2 3 , I . 5 - 2 4 . Afte r t h e y e n te re d t h e a p a rt m e n t , M s . L ew i s te s t i f i e d s h e wa s i n t h e li v i n g ro o m a n d Li zz i e wa s i n t h e k i tc h e n w i t h t h e two m e n a n d s h e o b s e r v e d t h e fr i e n d o f M r . L ew i s h o l d i n g a g u n . I d . a t p . 2 4 , 

### I . 2 - 2 5 . M s . L ew i s t h o u g h t t h e g u n wa s p o i n te d a t Li zz i e a t w h i c h p o i n t o n e o f t h e m e n a s ke d f o r t h e i r ce ll p h o n e s . I d . a t p . 2 5 , I . 1 1 - 2 5 . B o t h wo m e n h a n d e d o v e r t h e i r ce ll p h o n e s . I d . a t p . 2 6 , I . 7 - 8 a n d 1 3 - 1 5 . M s . L ew i s re ca ll e d t h a t t h e g u n wa s b l a c k a n d i t wa s a s h o rt o n e . I d . a t p . 2 7 , I . 2 0 - 2 4 . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e ce ll p h o n e s , t h e two m e n a l s o to o k m o n e y fro m t h e wo m e n . I d . a t p . 2 8 , 

### I. 1 8 - 2 1 . M s . L ew i s i n d i ca te d s h e o n l y h a d $ 1 2 o n h e r p e rs o n w h i c h t h e y to o k fro m h e r . I d . a t p . 2 9 . I . 2 - 4 . S h e b e l i e v e d t h a t Li zz i e h a d h e r m o n e y ta ke n fro m h e r fi rs t w h i l e s h e wa s i n . t h e k i tc h e n . I d . a t p . 2 9 , I . 2 0 - 2 1 . Afte r t h e y h a d t h e p h o n e s a n d m o n e y , t h e m e n l e ft . I d . a t p . 3 2 , I . 1 0 - 1 4 . M s . L ew i s t h e n we n t o n t o t h e p o rc h to l o o k f o r t h e p h o n e s , b u t s h e wa s n o t a b l e to fi n d t h e m . I d . a t p . 3 3 , I . 1 2 t h ro u g h p . 3 4 , I . 5 . M s . L ew i s re ca ll e d t h a t a l i tt l e o v e r a m o n t h a f

te r t h i s i n c i d e n t s p e a k i n g w i t h t h e p o li ce , b u t s h e co u l d n ' t fi n d a n yo n e i n t h e p i ct u re s s h e t h o u g h t wa s i n v o l v e d i n t h e ro b b e r y . I d . a t p . 3 4 , I . 1 1 - 2 1 . S h e d e s c r i b e d t h e fri e n d w h o a r r i v e d w i t h M r . L ew i s a s h a v i n g a h o o d o n , h e wa s ' b l a c k , h e wa s a b o u t 1 9 ye a rs o l d , h e wa s ta ll e r t h a n h er a n d h e wa s n o t f a t ; I d . a t p . 3 5 , I . 1 9 t h ro u g h p . 3 6 , I . 1 2 . O n re d i re ct exa m i n a t i o n , M s . L ew i s s ta te d t h a t a fri e n d o f t h e D e f

e n d a n t M b ewe s h owe d h e r a p i ct u re o f h i m o n l n s ta g ra m . I d . a t p . 4 6 , I . 1 7 - 2 2 . W h a t s h e m e a n s b y t h i s i s t h a t s h e s aw a p i ct u re o f t h e p e rs o n

3w h o wa s w i t h M r. L ew i s w h e n s h e g o t ro b b e d o n l n s ta g ra m p ri o r to t h e ro b b e ry .



### I d . 

### at p . 4 6 , 

### I . 2 3 t h ro u g h p . 4 7 , 

### I. 1 5 . T h e C o m m o n we a l t h n e xt ca ll e d E li z a b e t h O ' L e a ry to te s t i fy . M s . O ' L e a ry te s t i fi e d t h a t i n t h e fa ll o n 2 0 1 5 , Ava L ew i s wa s h e r b e s t fri e n d f o r a b o u t a ye a r . I d . a t p . 4 9 , 

### I . 1 0 - 1 7 . S h e i n d i ca t e d t h e re s i d e n ce a t 2 2 2 4 L u tz Av e n u e wa s h e r a p a rt m e n t i n t h e C a r r ic k a re a of t h e C i ty o f P i tts b u rg h • . I d . a t p . 4 9 , I . 1 8 t h ro u g h p . 5 0 , I . 5 . S h e re ca ll e d t h a t o n S e p te m b e r 1 2 , 2 0 1 5 , t h e d a y o f t h e ro b b e ry , s h e wa s a t h e r a p a rt m e n t o n L u tz Av e n u e w i t h Ava L ew i s i n t h e a f te rn o o n . I d . a t p . 5 0 , 

### I. 6 - 1 3 . S h e a l s o re ca ll e d M s . L ew i s co m m u n i ca t i n g o n F a ce b o o k to b u y V i co d i n a n d s h e k n ew J o s e p h L ew i s t h ro u g h h e r fr i e n d , B re L ew i s , J o s e p h ' s s i s te r . I d . a t p . 

### S O , I . 1 4 t h ro u g h p . 5 1 , 

### 1 . 1 0 . S h e d i d n o t k n ow a p e rs o n n a m e d L o t i. I d . a t 

### p . 5 1 , I . 2 3 - 2 4 . M s . O ' L e a r

y te s t i fi e d t h a t M s . L ew i s g o t i n co n ta ct w i t h J o s e p h L ew i s t h ro u g h J o s e p h L ew i s ' F a c e b o o k a cco u n t . I d . a t p . 5 2 , I . 1 - 9 . Afte r J o s e p h L ew i s l i ke d t h e s ta t u s t h a t M s . L ew i s h a d p o s te d , t h e y s ta rte d co m m u n i ca t i n g t h ro u g h M e s s e n g e r a b o u t m e e t i n g u p a n d b u y i n g V i co d i n . I d . a t p . 5 2 , 

### I. 1 0- 1 6 . Acco rd i n g to M s . O ' L e a ry , t h e p l a n wa s f o r J o e L ew i s to m e e t h e r a n d M s . L ew i s i n fro n t o f t h e h o u s e , co m e i n a n d s e ll t h e m te n V ico d i n f o r a h u n d re d d o ll a rs . I d . a t p . 5 3 , 

### I. 1 - 3 . D u ri n g t h e F a ce b o o k co n v e rs a t i o n , J o e L ew i s i n f o r m e d t h e m h e wa s b ri n g i n g a fr i e n d b u t h e d i d n o t i d e n t i fy w h o i t wa s . I d . a t p . 5 3 , 

### I. 6 - 1 6 . At t h e t i m e t h e y we re co m m u n i ca t i n g w i t h J o e L ew i s , M s . O ' L e a ry , h e r two m o n t h o l d d a u g h te r a n d Ava L ew i s we re i n t h e a p a rt m e n t . I d . a t p . 5 3 , I . 1 7 - 2 4 . O n c e t h e two m e n a r r i v e d , M s . O ' L e a ry l e t t h e m i n to t h e h a l l wa y a n d to l d t h e m to g o u p t h e s te p s , b e ca u s e s h e wa s o n t h e to p fl o o r . I d . a t p . 5 5 , 

### I. 1 7 - 2 4 . S h e te s t i fi e d t h a t n o t h i n g wa s co v e ri n g e i t h e r o f t h e two m e n ' s fa ce s . I d . a t p . 5 6 , I . 4 - 6 . M s . O ' L e a ry wa s 4a b l e to re co g n i z e M r . L ew i s w h e n s h e s aw h i m , b u t D e f e n d a n t M b ew e h a d a h o o d o n . 

### l d . 

### at p . 5 6 , I . 7 · 1 1 . M s . O ' l e a r y wa s a b l e to i d e n t i fy t h e D e f e n d a n t a s t h e p e rs o n w h o a r r i v e d w i t h M r . L ew i s o n t h e d a y of 

### th e ro b b e ry . 

### I d . at p . 5 6 , I . 1 2 - 

### 2 1 . M s . O ' L e a r

y i d e n t i fi e d D e f

e n d a n t M b ewe i n t h e co u rt ro o m a s t h e p e rs o n w i t h M r . L ew i s . 

### I d . Acco rd i n g to M s . O ' L e a r y , L o t i / D e f

e n d a n t we n t u p t h e s ta i rs fi rs t , w i t h M r . L ew i s r i g h t b e h i n d h i m , t h e n M s . L ew i s a n d M � . O ' L e a ry l a s t . 

### I d . a t 

### p . 5 7 , 

### I . 3 - 1 1 . W h e n M s . O ' L e a r

y wa l ke d i n to t h e a p a rt m e n t , D e f e n d a n t wa s s i tt i n g d ow n o n 

### a k i tc h e n c h a i r a n d M r . L ew i s wa s s ta n d i n g b y t h e re fri g e ra to r. 

### I d . 

### at I. 1 8 - 2 0 . M s . L ew i s wa s i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m . 

### I d . at p . 

### 5 8 , I . 2 - 3 . M s . O ' L e a r y a s ke d 

### th e m e n i f t h e y h a d t h e d ru g s to w h i c h t h e y re s p o n d e d , " ye s . T h e y ' re t h e w h i te o n e s . T e n · m ill i g ra m s . " 

### I d . at 

### 1. 4 - 9 . S h e a s ke d t h e m to s h ow h e r t h e d ru g s , b u t t h e y a s ke d f o r t h e m o n e y fi rs t . 

### I d . at I . 1 4 - 1 5 . S h e t h e n g ra b b e d h e r m o n e y fro m h e r wa ll e t w h ic h wa s o n t h e co u c h i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m . 

### I d . at 

### I . 2 0 - 2 5 . As s o o n a s s h e wa s re a d y to p u ll o u t t h e m o n e y , t h e D e f e n d a n t wa s h o l d i n g a g u n a b o u t fi v e f e e t fro m h e r fa ce . 

### I d . at 

### p . 5 9 , I . 1 0 - 1 7 . M r . L ew i s s a i d "j u s t g i v e m e t h e m o n e y . " 

### I d . a t 

### I . 2 3 - 2 4 . M s . O ' L e a r

y g a v e M r . L ew i s t h e m o n e y b e ca u s e h e r d a u g h te r wa s i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m s l e e p i n g a n d t h e re wa s a g u n i n v o l v e d . 

### I d . at 

### p . 6 0 , I . 2 - 7 . S h e wa s co n ce rn e d s h e co u l d 

### b e s h o t . 

### I d . at I . 8 - 9 . M r . L ew i s to o k 

### th e m o n e y a n d p u t i t i n h i s p o c ke t , 

### a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e , M s . L ew i s s ta rte d to co m e 

### i n to t h e k i t c h e n 

### u n t il 

### sh e s aw t h e g u n . 

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### I. 1 0 - 1 8 . T h e co u rt t h e n q u e s t i o n e d t h e w i t n e s s , " d o yo u h a v e a n y i n d i ca t i o n o r k n ow l e d g e 

### a s to w h e t h e r t h e L ew i s ' we re re l a te d ? " to w h i c h s h e re p l i e d , " As fa r a s 

### I k n ow , t h e y a re n ' t . " 

### I d . at I . 2 1 - 2 5 . M s . O ' L e a ry fu rt h e r ex p l a i n e d t h a t h e r ce ll p h o n e a n d s o m e p re s c ri p t i o n t h a t we re i n h e r b a g we re a l s o ta ke n 

### by M r . L ew i s 

## sw h i l e t h e D e f e n d a n t h e l d t h e g u n o n M s . L ew i s to ta ke h e r p h o n e a n d m o n e y . 

### Id . a t p . 6 1 , I . 6 - 1 5 . M s . O ' L e a r y h a d o v e r $ 4 0 0 ta ke nfro m h e r a n d $ 1 2 wa s ta ke n fro m M s . L ew i s b y t h e D e f e n d a n t . I d . a t I . 1 6 - 2 5 t h ro u g h p . 6 2 , I . 1 . T h e re a f te r , M s . L ew i s b e g a n a rg u i n g w i t h M r . L ew i s t h a t s h e n e e d e d h e r p h o n e b e ca u s e s h e wa s g o i n g to M a r

y l a n d a n d M r . L ew i s s a i d h e wo u l d l e a v e t h e p h o n e o n a p o rc h u p t h e s t re e t . I d . a t p . 6 2 , I . 5 - 1 1 . M s . O ' L e a r y t h e n to l d t h e m e n to g e t o u t , w h i c h t h e y d i d afte r a f

ew m i n u te s . I d . a t 

### I. 1 4 - 1 8 . M s . L ew i s wa i te d a b o u t t h re e m i n u te s a fte r t h e m e n l e f t a n d we n t to t h e p o rc h to l o o k f o r h e r p h o n e . I d . a t p . 6 4 , I . 7 - 1 1 . W h e n s h e re t u rn e d a b o u t fi v e m i n u te s l a t e r , s h e wa s c ry i n g b e ca u s e s h e d i d n ' t h a v e h e r p h o n e . I d . a t I . 1 4 - 1 8 . M s . O ' L e a ry t h e n to l d h e r s h e n e e d e d to ca ll t h e co p s , a n d s h e d i s a g re e d . I d . a t I . 

### 1 9 - 2 0 . M s . L ew i s d i d n ' t wa n t to ca ll t h e p o li ce b e ca u s e s h e d i d n o t wa n t to g e t i n t ro u b l e w i t h h e r d a d . I d . a t p . 6 5 , I . 

### 4 - 7 . L a te r t h a t e v e n i n g , af te r M s . L ew i s l e f

t , a ro u n d 9 o r 1 0 p . m . M s . O ' L e a r y d e ci d e d to ca l l t h e p o l i ce . I d . a t I . 

### 8 - 1 9 . T h e p o l i ce ca m e to h e r p a re n t ' s h o u s e i n M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n . I d . a t p . 6 6 , I . 1 - 5 . B y t h e t i m e M s . O ' L e a ry m e t w i t h t h e p o l ice i n M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n , s h e b e li e v e d s h e k n ew t h e n a m e s o f b o t h m e n i n v o l v e d i n t h e ro b b e r

y . I d . a t I . 1 7 - 2 1 . S h e to l d t h e p o l i ce t h a t s h e k n ew J o e L ew i s wa s o n e o f t h e m e n a n d t h a t s h e b e l i e v e d t h e o t h e r wa s n a m e d L o t i. I d . a t p . 6 7 , I . 1 3 - 1 7 . S h e to l d t h e p o li ce t h e y to o k h e r p h o n e a n d m o n e y , b u t s h e wa s e ve n t u a ll y a b l e to t ra c k h e r p h o n e a n d f o u n d i t a b o u t two b l o c ks awa y fro m h e r p a re n t ' s h o u s e . I d . a t p . 6 8 , I . 2 - 2 0 . S h e re p o rte d to t h e p o li ce t h a t s h e wa s a b l e to t ra c k a n d re co v e r h e r p h o n e . I d . a t p . 7 0 , I . 

### 1 0 - 1 5 . A p p rox i m a te l y o n e m o n t h afte r t h e ro b b e r y , M s . O ' L e a r

y m e t w i t h p o l ice of fi ce rs to l o o k a t a s e ri e s o f p h o to g ra p h s . I d . a t p . 7 0 , I . 2 0 - 2 3 . S h e wa s s h ow n 6w h a t t h e C o m m o n we a l t h m a rke d a s Ex h i b i ts 1 a n d 2 , w h ic h a re e a c h 1 0 p a g e

d o c u m e n ts , i n cl u d i n g 8 p h o to g ra p h s , t h e s i g n a t u re f o r m s a n d t h e s ta n d a rd o n e s h e e t p h o to a r ra y . I d . a t p . 7 1 , I . 8 - 1 2 . Ex h i b i t N o . 1 p e rta i n s to t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n o f M r_ L ew i s a n d Ex h i b i t N o . 2 p e rta i n s to t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n o f M r . M b ewe . I d . a t 

### I. 1 4 - 1 6 . M s . O ' L e a ry q u i e t l y l o o ke d t h ro u g h t h e 1 0 p a g e d o c u m e n t m a rke d Ex h i b i t 1 a n d s h e re co g n i z e d t h a t a ll t h e fa ce s s o rt o f l o o k l i ke M r . L ew i s . I d . a t p . 7 2 , 

### I. 2 - 5 . S h e wa s a b l e to p o i n t to t h e p h o to g ra p h o f t h e o n e t h a t s h e re co g n i z e d wa s a ct u a ll y M r . l ew i . s . I d . a t I . 6 - 8 . T h e p h o to s h e p i c ke d h a d h e r h a n d w r i t i n g o n t h e b a c k w h e re s h e w ro te " T o o k m o n e y , a t h o u s a n d p e rce n t p o s i t i v e t h a t t h i s wa s t h e g u y i n h o m e ro b b e ry . " I d . a t p . 7 2 , 

### I. 2 4 t h ro u g h p . 7 3 , I . 1 . I t wa s d a t e d O cto b e r 1 4 , 2 0 1 5 a n d s h e re co g n i z e d h e r s i g n a t u re o n t h e i n s t ru ct i o n p a g e w h ic h i s i n cl u d e d i n Ex h i b i t 

### 1. I d . a t p . 7 3 , I . 6 - 2 1 . U p o n a m o t i o n f o r a d m i s s i o n b y t h e C o m m o n we a l t h , t h e co u rt a d m i tte d Ex h i b i t 1 i n to e v i d e n ce . I d . a t p . 7 3 , I . 2 3 

### through p . 7 4 , 

### I . 3 . M s . O ' L e a r

y wa s n e xt a s ke d to i n s p e ct w h a t h a s b e e n m a rke d Ex h i b i t 2 . S h e l o o ke d a t a ll 1 0 i t e m s a n d re co g n i z e d p ict u re s fro m t h e p h o to l i n e u p to i d e n t i fy ( L o t i ) D e f

e n d a n t . S h e a d m i tte d t h a t t h e re wa s h e r h a n d w r i t i n g o n t h e re ve rs e s i d e o f N o . 6 , w h e re s h e w ro te , " H e l d g u n i n h o m e ro b b e ry , 9 5 p e rce n t , m y s i g n a t u re a n d 1 0 / 1 4 / 1 5 . " 

### ld , a t p . 7 4 , I . 1 3 t h ro u g h p . 7 5 , I . 3 . M s . O ' L e a r y te s t i fi e d t h a t t h e p o l ice o ffi ce rs n e v e r p ro m i s e d h e r a n yt h i n g 

### i f s h e a g re e d to p ic k o u t a ce rta i n p h o to ; t h e o f fi ce rs n e v e r t h re a te n e d h e r t h a t s h e h a d to p ic k o u t o n e o f t h e p h o to s ; a n d s h e p e rs o n a ll y p i c ke d o u t t h e p h o to o f L o t i b e ca u s e s h e re m e m b e re d h i s fa ce fro m t h e ro b b e ry . I d . a t p . 7 7 , I . 6 - 1 9 .

7O n c ro s s exa m i n a t i o n , M s . O ' L e a r y i n d i ca te d s h e wa s to l d b y M s . L ew i s ' b o y to y , n a m e d Ty l e r , t h e n a m e L o t i a n d s h e wa s s h ow n a p i ct u re o f h i m a n d s h e a l s o l o o ke d u p p i ct u re s o n h e r ow n . I d . a t p . 9 1 , I . 1 - 2 4 . M s . O ' L e a r y te s t i fi e d t h a t t h e o ffice r d i d n o t i n d ica te to h e r t h a t t h e p e rs o n w h o ro b b e d h e r wa s i n o n e o f t h e p i ct u re s . I d . a t p . 9 2 , I . 2 2 - 2 4 . T o t h e b e s t o f h e r re co ll e ct i o n , t h e o f fi ce r to l d h e r to ta ke a l o o k t h ro u g h t h e p i ct u re s to s e e i f s h e re co g n i z e d a n yo n e fro m t h e h o m e ro b b e r

y . I d . a t p . 9 3 , I . 1 - 3 . T h e o f fi ce r to l d h e r i t wa s o ka y i f s h e co u l d n ' t i d e n t i f y a n yo n e . I d . a t p . 9 3 , I . 4 - 6 . M s . O ' L e a r y i n d i ca te d t h a t s h e g a v e t h e p o l i ce a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e D e f e n d a n t b e f

o re s h e l o o ke d a t t h e p h o to a r ra y ; s h e d e s c r i b e d h i m a s Africa n -A m e ri ca n , a p p rox i m a te l y 5 ' 8 11 i n h e i g h t , a n d we a ri n g a h o o d i e ; a n d s h e b e l i e v e d s h e p ro v i d e d t h e d e s c ri p t i o n d u r i n g t h e s e co n d co n v e rs a t i o n s h e h a d w i t h t h e p o l i ce . I d . a t p . 9 3 , I . 7 - 2 4 . T h e C o m m o n we a l t h ca ll e d O ffi ce r Ka li e b H i n e s to t h e s ta n d . O ff i ce r H i n e s h a s b e e n e m p l o ye d b y t h e P i tts b u rg h P o li ce D e p a rt m e n t f o r t h re e a n d a h a l f ye a rs . I d . a t p . 1 0 2 , I . 1 2 · 1 6 . H e wa s a n o ffi ce r w i t h t h e P i tts b u rg h P o l i ce o n S e p te m b e r 1 2 , 2 0 1 5 a n d h e wa s wo r k i n g l a te t h a t a f te rn o o n a n d i n to t h e . e a rl y e v e n i n g . I d . a t p . 1 0 2 , I . 1 7 - 2 3 . O ffi ce r H i n e s wa s a s ke d to re s p o n d to a ro b b e r y ca ll a n d d ro v e to S te ll a S t re e t to m e e t w i t h M s . O ' L e a r y a n d h e r m o t h e r. I d . a t p . 1 0 3 , I . 2 - 1 2 . M s . Ava L ew i s wa s n o t p re s e n t a t t h a t t i m e a n d M s . O ' L e a r y to l d h i m s h e wa n te d to re p o rt a ro b b e r y . I d . a t p . 1 0 3 , 

### I. 1 3 - 2 0 . S h e s ta t e d to t h e o ffic e r t h a t " s h e wa s a t h e r h o u s e l o ca te d a t 2 2 2 3 L u tz Ave n u e w i t h h e r fr i e d Ava L ew i s . S h e i n f o r m e d m e t h a t Ava L ew i s co n ta cte d two m a l e s to co m e o v e r to t h e h o u s e . W h e n t h e two m a l e s a r ri v e d , s h e i m m e d i a te l y i d e n t i fi e d o n e w h i te m a l e a s J o e L ew i s a n d a b l a c k m a l e - - - s h e o n l y k n ew h i m a s L o t i. S h e d i d n ' t h a v e a n y l a s t n a m e . S h e co u l d o n l y d e s c r i b e h i m to m e a s a b l a c k m a l e , a p p rox i m a te l y 1 9 , 2 2 , 8m a y b e . " I d . a t p . 1 0 3 , I . 2 3 t h ro u g h p . 1 0 4 , I . 6 . M s . O ' L e a r y fu rt h e r i n f

o r m e d O ff i c e r H i n e s . t h a t L o t i a s ke d h e r i f s h e h a d c h a n g e a n d s h e s ta te d n o . I d . a t p . 1 0 4 , I . 2 2 - 2 4 . At t h a t t i m e , s h e s ta te d t h a t L o t i p re s e n te d a p i s to l , w h i c h wa s b l a c k a n d s i l v e r , a n d to l d b o t h f e m a l e s n o t to m o v e . I d . a t p . 1 0 4 , 

### I. 2 4 t h ro u g h p . 1 0 5 , I . 1 . M s . O ' L e a r

y to l d t h e o ff

i ce r t h a t M r . J o e L ew i s to o k $ 4 0 0 i n ca s h o u t o f h e r wa ll e t a n d a l s o a ce l l p h o n e a n d l e f t t h e re s i d e n ce . I d . a t p . 1 0 5 , I . 2 - 5 . O f fi ce r H i n e s i n d i ca te d t h a t M s . O ' L e a r y d e s c ri b e d J o e L ew i s a s a w h i te m a l e , a p p rox i m a te l y 1 9 ye a rs o l d , 5 ' 4 " , a b o u t 1 3 0 p o u n d s a n d s h e d e s c ri b e d t h e p e rs o n s h e k n ew a s L o t i a s a b l a c k m a l e , a p p rox i m a te l y 1 9 to 2 1 ye a rs o l d , 1 2 0 p o u n d s , a p p rox i m a te l y 5 ' 7 " a n d we a ri n g a re d h o o d i e swe a ts h i rt . I d . a t p . 1 0 5 , I . 1 2 t h ro u g h p . 1 0 6 , I . 4 . O f fi ce r H i n e s te s t i fi e d t h a t d u ri n g h i s co n v e rs a t i o n w i t h M s . O ' L e a r

y t h e re wa s n o m e n t i o n o f a d ru g d e a l a n d h e h a d n o i d e a w h o we re t h e two m e n t h a t s h e d e s c ri b e d . I d . a t p . 1 0 6 , I . 1 0 - 1 8 . D u r i n g c ro s s exa m i n a t i o n , O f fi ce r H i n e s s ta te d i t wa s a p p rox i m a te l y s i x h o u rs fro m t h e t i m e t h e ro b b e ry o cc u r re d to w h e n h e re s p o n d e d . I d . a t p . 1 0 7 , I . 1 7 - 2 1 . T h e C o m m o n we a l t h ' s n e xt w i t n e s s wa s S e rg e a n t E r i c B a ke r. H e i s a s e rg e a n t w i t h t h e P i tts b u rg h P o l ice D e p a rt m e n t a n d wa s p ro m o te d to t h a t p o s i t i o n o n M a rc h 2 4 , 2 0 1 6 . I d . a t p . 1 0 9 , I , 1 0 - 1 5 . H e wa s a p o l i ce o ffi ce r f o r t h e C i ty o f P i tts b u rg h s i n ce S e p te m b e r 2 8 , 2 0 0 9 . I d . a t p . 1 0 9 , I . 1 6 - 1 8 . S e rg e a n t B a ke r wa s wo r k i n g a s a p o l ice offi ce r a t t h e t i m e o f t h i s i n ci d e n t i n t h e fa ll o f 2 0 1 5 . I d . a t p . 1 0 9 , I . 1 9 .:. 2 1 . At t h a t t i m e , h e wa s wo r k i n g i n t h e g ro u p v i o l e n ce i n te rv e n t i o n u n i t a t h e a d q u a rte rs a n d h e re ce i v e d a n e - m a i l fro m C o m m a n d e r Ka re n D i xo n , w h o a s ke d i f h e s aw t h i s h o m e i n va s i o n . I d . a t p . 1 1 0 , I . 3 - 6 . Ac co rd i n g to t h e s e rg e a n t , g ro u p v i o l e n ce i n te r v e n t i o n i n ve s t i g a te d b o t h n o n fa ta l s h o o t i n g s a n d

9h o m e i n va s i o n s w i t h i n t h e C i ty o f P i tts b u rg h . I d . a t p . 

### 1 1 0 , I . 6 - 9 . O n ce h e wa s

m a d e awa re of t h e a l l e g e d ro b b e r y o f M s . O ' L e a ry a n d M s . L ew i s , h e re a d t h e re p o rt a n d co n ta cte d t h e v i ct i m s . I d . a t p . 1 1 0 , I . 

### 1 0 - 1 3 . H e m e t w i t h t h e v i ct i m s a t p o l i ce h e a d q u a rte rs o n O cto b e r 1 4 , 2 0 1 5 . I d . a t p . 

### 1 1 0 , I . 2 1 t h ro u g h p . 1 1 1 , I . 7 . M s . O ' L e a ry ' s fa t h e r wa s w i t h h e r f o r t h e m e e t i n g . I d . a t p . 

### 1 1 1 , I. 

### 1 4- 1 5 . At t h e fi rs t m e e t i n g , S e rg e a n t B a ke r v e r y b r i e fl y we n t o v e r t h e ca s e a n d o u t li n e d w h e re t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n wa s g o i n g a n d h ow t h e y we re p ro ce e d i n g . I d . a t p . 1 1 1 , I . 

### 1 9 - 2 2 . D u r i n g h i s s e co n d e n co u n te r w i t h t h e v i ct i m s , h e c h o s e to co n d u ct a m o re i n d e p t h i n te r

v i ew b e ca u s e h e f

e l t h e wo u l d g e t m o re d i re ct a n swe rs fro m t h e m · w i t h o u t a p a re n t b e i n g p re s e n t . I d . a t p . 1 1 2 , I . 3 - 1 1 . At t h e s e co n d i n te rv i ew t h e two wo m e n i n d i ca te d t h a t t h e ro b b e ry b e g a n a s a n a tte m p te d d r u g t ra n s a ct i o n . I d . a t p . 1 1 2 , 

### I. 2 3 t h ro u g h p . 

### 1 1 3 , 

### I. 2 . Ad d i t i o n a ll y , d u ri n g t h e s e co n d e n co u n te r t h e wo m a n d e s c r i b e d h ow t h e i n ci d e n t o cc u r re d , a n d 

### i t wa s l a rg e l y co n s i s te n t w i t h w h a t t h e y te s t i fi e d to i n co u rt . I d . a t p . 1 1 3 , I . 

### 7 - 1 1 . T owa rd s t h e e n d of t h e s e co n d i n te r v i ew , S e rg e a n t B a ke r m a d e a r ra n g e m e n ts f

o r two d i ff

e re n t p h o to a r ra ys to b e p re s e n te d to b o t h wo m e n . I d . a t p . 1 1 3 , I . 

### 1 3 - 2 5 . H e a g re e d t h a t t h e p h o to a r ra ys we re t h e o n e s s h ow n to M s . O ' L e a r y i n co u rt a s C o m m o n we a l t h ' s Ex h i b i ts 1 a n d 2 . I d . a t p . 1 1 4 , I . 

### 1 · 6 . S e rg e a n t B a ke r i d e n t i fi e d t h e D e f e n d a n t i n co u rt a s t h e p e rs o n w h o s e i m a g e a p p e a re d i n t h e p h o to a r ra y i n Ex h i b i t 2 . I d . a t p . 1 1 4 , I . 1 4 - 2 5 . W h e n S e rg e a n t B a ke r wa s a s ke d h ow h e wa s a b l e to co n s t ru ct t h e s e two p h o to a r ra ys b e f o re h e m e t w i t h t h e two wo m e n , h e re s p o n d e d " M r . M b ewe wa s a l re a d y a d e f e n d a n t o n a p re v i o u s l y fil e d ca s e o f m i n e b e f o re I h a d l e ft p a t ro l a n d we n t to h e a d q u a rte rs . Ad d i t i o n a ll y , w h e n I f

i rs t s aw t h a t t h e s u s p e cts n a m e s we re J o e a n d L o t i , J o e wa s a w h i te m a l e , L o t i wa s a b l a c k m a l e , f o r a n u m b e r o f ye a rs · I h a d wo r ke d t h e 3 3 2 7 1 0,

ca r , w h i c h i s t h e M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n ca r i n Z o n e 3 

### stati o n , a n d b o t h t h e s e

i n d i v i d u a l s we re a l wa ys u p t h e re . I wa s fa m il i a r w i t h t h e m , b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e y we re p ro b a b l y t h e s a m e p e o p l e , a n d e ff e ct i v e l y j u s t m o v e d o u t o n a h u n c h . " I d . 

### at p . 1 1 5 , 

### I . 2 - 1 5 . H e wa s a l s o awa re t h a t M r . L ew i s h a d re ce n t l y l e ft M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n a n d m o v e d to t h e C a r r i c k a re a n o t fa r fro m w h e re t h i s h o m e i n va s i o n o c c u r re d . I d . 

### a t 

### p . 1 1 5 , 

### I . 2 1 t h ro u g h 

### p . 1 1 6 , 

### I. 1 . S e rg e a n t B a ke r te s t i f

i e d i t wa s n o t h i s i n te n t i o n to p e rs o n a ll y p re s e n t t h e p h o to a r ra y to t h e two wo m e n a s t h a t wo u l d b e v i o l a t i n g t h e p o li cy w i t h re g a rd to p h o to a r ra ys . I d . a t 

### p . 1 1 6 , 

### I . 3 - 9 . H e fu rt h e r e x p l a i n e d t h a t p a rt o f s h ow i n g t h e p h o to a r ra y i s t h a t i f yo u a re t h e a r ra y c re a t o r o r l e a d i n v e s t i g a t o r o f t h e ca s e , yo u a re n o t g o i n g 

### to b e p re s e n t o r b e t h e o n e t h a t s h ows t h a t to t h e v i ct i m s o r w i t n e s s e s . I d . 

### at p . 1 1 6 , 

### I . 

### 1 7 - 2 0 . T h e re a s o n i n g i s t h e p e rs o n t h a t s h ows t h e a r ra y s h o u l d h a v e n o i d e a w h o t h e a ct u a l s u b j e ct i s , w h o t h e p e rs o n o f i n te re s t i s i n t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n , a s i t ca n 

### b e o v e rl y s u g g e s t i v e i f h e wo u l d d o i t . I d . 

### at 

### p . 1 1 6 , 

### I . 2 1 - 

### 2 5 . I t i s a l s o to a v o i d t h e p o s s i b i l i ty t h a t yo u s o m e h ow m i g h t i n fl u e n c e t h e v i ct i m o r w i t n e s s ' s d e c i s i o n e v e n u n co n s c i o u s l y . I d . 

### at p . 1 1 7 , 

### I . 1 - 5 . T h e re f o re S e rg e a n t B a ke r f o u n d a n o f

fi c e r , D e te ct i v e C h ri s Ke rt i s , w h o d i d n o t k n ow a n yt h i n g a b o u t t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n to a g re e to p re s e n t t h e s e two p h o to a r ra ys to M s . O ' L e a r y a n d M s . L ew i s . I d . a t p . 1 1 7 , I . 6 - 1 7 . S e rg e a n t B a ke r d i d n o t te ll t h e two wo m e n a n yt h i n g a b o u t h ow t h e y s h o u l d co n d u ct t h e m s e l v e s d u r i n g t h e p h o to p re s e n ta t i o n ; h e d i d n o t te ll t h e m t h e y s h o u l d p i c k s o m e o n e o u t ; a n d h e d i d n o t p ro m i s e t h e m a n yt h i n g i f t h e y p i c ke d s o m e o n e o u t . I d . a t p . 1 1 8 , I . 1 3 - 2 2 .

11O n c ro s s e xa m i n a t i o n , S e rg e a n t B a ke r a d m i tte d t h a t w h e n ta l k i n g a b o u t h i s

i n v e s t i g a t i v e h u n c h , i t wa s e ff e ct i v e l y h i s b e l i e f t h a t w h i l e p re p a r i n g t h e p h o to a r ra y t h a t M r . M b ew e wa s t h e p e rs o n i n vo l v e d i n t h e ro b b e r y . I d . a t p . 1 2 9 , I . 2 - 7 . T h e C o m m o n we a l t h ' s fi n a l w i t n e s s a s i t p e rta i n s to t h e S u p p re s s i o n M o t i o n wa s D e te ct i v e C h r i s to p h e r Ke rt i s . D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s h a s b e e n a p o l i ce o ffi ce r f o r fi v e a n d a h a l f ye a rs a n d , h a s b e e n a d e te ct i v e f o r t h e P i tts b u rg h P o l ice f o r t h e p a s t two ye a rs . I d . a t p . 1 3 1 , I . 4 - 1 0 . H e wa s wo r k i n g a s a d e te ct i v e b a c k o n O cto b e r 1 4 , 2 0 1 5 a n d h e re ca l l e d t h a t h e wa s a s ke d 

### b y D e te ct i v e E r i c B a ke r to p re s e n t a p h o to a r ra y to two p e o p l e . I d . a t p . 1 3 1 , I . 1 1 - 2 0 . At t h a t t i m e , h e k n ew n o t h i n g a b o u t t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n to t h e a ll e g e d ro b b e r y o f E l i z a b e t h O ' L e a r

y a n d Av e S m i t h . I d . a t p . 1 3 1 , I . 2 3 t h ro u g h p . 1 3 2 , I . 5 . D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s i n s p e cte d t h e two · p a c ke ts l a b e l e d a s Ex h i b i ts 1 a n d 2 a n d h e re co g n i z e d t h e m a s t h e p h o to a r ra ys h e s h owe d to t h e wo m e n , b u t n o t s i m u l ta n e o u s l y , o n e a t a t i m e . I d . a t p . 1 3 2 , I . 1 5 t h ro u g h p . 1 3 3 , I . 1 0 . T h e d e te ct i v e s h owe d t h e p h o to a r ra ys to M s . L ew i s fi rs t. I d . p . 1 3 3 , 

### I. 1 1 - 1 3 . S h e wa s n o t a b l e to i d e n t i fy a n yo n e . I d . a t 

### I. 1 4 - 1 6 . Acco rd i n g to D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s , t h e re i s a s ta n d a rd C i ty o f P i tts b u rg h P o l i ce p h o to a r ra y i n s t ru ct i o n f o rm t h a t m u s t b e re a d b e f o re p re s e n ta t i o n o f a p h o to a r ra y a n d i t h a s to b e s i g n e d b y t h e l e a d d e te ct i v e , t h e p e rs o n w h o s h ows t h e a r ra y a n d t h e w i t n e s s w h o i s b e i n g s h ow n t h e a r ra y . I d . a t p . 1 3 3 , I . 2 1 t h ro u g h p . 1 3 4 , 

### I. 8 . D e te ct i v e B a ke r s i g n e d t h e f o r m a n d a s ke d D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s i f h e h a d t i m e to s h ow a co u p l e o f p h o to a r ra ys , b u t t h e re wa s n o co n v e rs a t i o n a b o u t t h e p h o to s t h e m s e l v e s . I d . a t p . 1 3 4 , I . 1 1 - 1 6 . C o m m o n we a l t h Ex h i b i t 1 wa s s h ow n to M s . O ' L e a r

y o n e p h o to a t a t i m e a n d s h e a g a i n l o o ke d t h ro u g h t h e p h o to s o n e a t a t i m e , a n d s h e p i c ke d o u t p h o to N o . 6 , w ro te a n o te , t h e n s i g n e d a n d d a te d i t . I d . 1 2p . 1 3 4 , I . 2 2 t h ro u g h p . 1 3 5 , I . 

### 6 . W h e n M s . O ' L e a r y wa s s h ow n C o m m o n we a l t h Ex h i b i t N o . 2 , s h e wa s a g a i n i d e n t i fi e d o n e o f t h e p h o to s a s b e i n g t h e a cto r . I d . a t p . 1 3 5 , I . 7 - 1 1 . D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s ex p l a i n e d t h a t h e te ll a w i t n e s s i f t h e y f e e l co n fi d e n t t h a t t h e y p i c ke d t h e r i g h t p e rs o n , t h e y s h o u l d w r i te i n t h e i r ow n wo rd s w h a t t h a t p e rs o n a ct u a ll y d i d o r s a i d . I d . a t p . 1 3 5 , I . 1 5 - 1 8 . M s . O ' L e a r y s i g n e d a n d d a te d t h e p h o to a n d b e ca m e u p s e t w h e n s h e wa s w ri t i n g o n t h e b a c k . I d . a t p . 1 3 6 , I . 1 - 3 . D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s a s ke d h e r i f s h e wa s a l ri g h t , a n d s h e re p l i e d , ye a h , " I j u s t wa n t h i m a r re s te d f o r w h a t h e d i d . M y k i d wa s i n t h e h o u s e . " I d . a t I . 3 - 5 . O n ce a g a i n D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s te s t i fi e d h e k n ew n o t h i n g o f t h e ca s e ; h e d i d n o t te ll h e r s h e wa s re q u i re d to i d e n t i fy a p h o to ; a n d h e d i d n o t s a y a n yt h i n g to h e r to t h e e ff e ct t h a t s h e p i c ke d o u t a ri g h t p e rs o n . I d . a t p . 1 3 6 , 

### I. 1 1 t h ro u g h p . 1 3 7 , I . 1 1 . At t h e co n cl u s i o n o f t h e S u p p re s s i o n M o t i o n H e a ri n g , t h i s co u rt d e n i e d t h e M o t i o n . I d . a t p . 1 44 , I . 1 0 - 1 1 . At t h a t p o i n t , t h e C o m m o n we a l t h i n d ica te d i t wa s re s t i n g f o r p u r p o s e s o f t h e n o n - j u r y t r i a l a n d t h e d e f

e n s e co u n s e l s ta te d h e d i d n o t i n te n d to ca ll w i t n e s s e s , b u t m a d e a M o t i o n f o r J u d g m e n t o f Acq u i tta l a s to a ll c h a rg e s . I d a t p . 1 4 4 , I . 1 3 · 2 2 . T h i s co u rt , re v i ew i n g t h e e v i d e n c e i n 

### th e l i g h t m o s t fa v o ra b l e to t h e C o m m o n we a l t h , d e n i e d t h e M o t i o n . I d . a t p . 1 4 5 , I . 4 - 7 .

13• 

### D I S C U S S I O N 

### A T h e D e f e n d a n t ' s fi rs t a ll e g e d e r ro r o n a p p e a l i s t h a t t h e t ri a l co u rt e r re d i n d e n y i n g h i s p re t ri a l m o t i o n f o r s u p p re s s i o n o f M s . Ava L ew i s a n d M s . E l i z a b e t h O ' L e a r y ' s i d e n t i fi ca t i o n s o f t h e D e f e n d a n t t h ro u g h p h o to a r ra ys , w h e re t h e d e s c ri p t i o n o f t h e a s s a il a n t 

### d i d n o t m a t c h D e f e n d a n t' s p h ys i ca l d e s c r i p t i o n , n a m e l y h i s h e i g h t a n d we i g h t . D e f e n d a n t fu rt h e r s u b m i ts t h a t i t wa s u n d u l y s u g g e s t i v e f

o r D e te ct i v e B a ke r to h a v e a p h o to a r ra y p re s e n te d to t h e w i t n e s s e s u n d e r t h o s e c i rc u m s ta n ce s . T h i s cl a i m i s fa ll a c i o u s . T h e P e n n s y l va n i a S u p re m e C o u rt h a s s ta t e d t h a t t h e s ta n d a rd o f re v i ew 

### i n a d d re s s i n g a c h a ll e n g e to a t r i a l co u rt ' s d e n i a l o f a s u p p re s s i o n m o t i o n i s l i m i te d to d e te r m i n i n g w h e t h e r t h e fa ct u a l fi n d i n g s a re s u p p o rte d by t h e re co rd , a n d w h e t h e r t h e l e g a l co n cl u s i o n s d raw n fro m t h e fa cts a re co r re ct . Co m m o n w e a lt h v . 

### D eJe s us, 5 8 0 P a . 

### 3 0 3 , 8 6 0 A . 2 d 1 0 2 , 1 1 2 ( 2 0 0 4 ) . T h e P e n n s y l va n i a S u p e r i o r C o u rt h a d h e l d t h a t t h e y " m a y co n s i d e r o n l y t h e e v i d e n ce o f t h e p ro s e c u t i o n a n d s o m u c h of t h e e v i d e n ce f o r t h e d e fe n s e a s re m a i n s u n co n t ra d i cte d . w h e n re a d i n t h e co n te xt o f t h e re co rd a s a w h o l e . W h e re t h e re co rd s u p p o rts t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h e s u p p re s s i o n co u rt , we a re b o u n d b y t h o s e fa cts a n d m a y re ve rs e o n l y i f t h e co u rt e r re d i n re a c h i n g i ts l e g a l co n cl u s i o n s b a s e d u p o n t h e fa cts . " Co m m o n w e a lt h v . W i lli a m s, 9 4 1 A . 2 d 1 4 , 2 6 - 2 7 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 8 ) .

" P h o to g ra p h ic i d e n t i fi ca t i o n o f a p e rs o n i s u n d u l y re s t ri ct i v e i f, u n d e r t h e to ta li ty o f t h e ci rc u m s ta n ce s , t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n p ro ce d u re c re a te s a s u b s ta n t i a l 1 4l i ke l i h o o d o f m i s i d e n t i fi ca t i o n . " Co m m o n w e a lt h v . Cr o r k , 9 6 6 A . 2 d 5 8 5 , 5 8 8 ( P a . 2 0 0 9 } . " F o ll ow i n g 

### a s u g g e s t i v e p re - t r i a l i d e n t i fi ca t i o n , a w i t n e s s w ill n o t b e p e r m i tte d to m a ke a n i n co u rt i d e n t i fi ca t i o n u n l e s s t h e p ro s e c u t i o n e s ta b li s h e s b y cl e a r a n d co n v i n c i n g e v i d e n ce t h a t t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n wa s n o t i n d u ce d b y e v e n ts o cc u r ri n g b e twe e n t h e t i m e of t h e c ri m e a n d t h e i r) 

### c ourt i d e n t i fi ca t i o n . " Co m m o n w

e a lt h 

### v. Ro d ge r s, 

### 3 7 2 A . 2 d 

### 7 7 1 ( P a . 

### 1 9 7 7 ) . " W h e n a n a l yz i n g t h e a d m i s s i o n o f i d e n t i fica t i o n e v i d e n ce , a s u p p re s s i o n co u rt m u s t d e te r m i n e w h e t h e r t h e c h a ll e n g e d i d e n t i fi ca t i o n h a s s u ffi c i e n t i n d ici a o f re l i a b i li ty . " Co m m o n w

e a lt h v . Sa n d e r s, 

### 4 2 A . 3 d 

### 3 2 5 , 3 3 0 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 1 2 ) . I n d e te r m i n i n g w h e t h e r a n i n d e p e n d e n t b a s i s f o r i d e n t i fi ca t i o n ex i s ts , we m u s t co n s i d e r t h e f

o ll ow i n g fa cto rs : ( 1 ) t h e o p p o rt u n i ty o f t h e w i t n e s s to v i ew t h e c ri m i n a l a t t h e t i m e o f t h e c r i m e ; ( 2 ) t h e w i t n e s s ' d e g re e of a tte n t i o n ; ( 3 ) t h e a cc u ra cy o f t h e w i t n e s s ' p ri o r d e s c ri p t i o n o f t h e c ri m i n a l ; (4 ) t h e l e v e l o f ce rta i n ty d e m o n s t ra te d b y t h e w i t n e s s a t t h e co n fro n ta t i o n ; a n d ( 5 ) t h e l e n g t h o f t i m e b e twe e n t h e c r i m e a n d t h e co n fro n ta t i o n . Co m m o n w e a lt h v . Ja m e s, 4 8 6 A . 2 d 3 7 6 · ( P a . 1 9 8 5 ) . " S u g g e s t i v e n e s s i n t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n p ro ce s s i s b u t o n e fa cto r to b e co n s i d e re d i n d e te r m i n i n g t h e a d m i s s i b i l i ty o f s u c h e v i d e n ce a n d w i ll n o t wa r ra n t excl u s i o n a b s e n t o t h e r fa cto rs . " McE l r a t h v . Co m m o n w

e a lt h, 5 9 2 A . 2 d 7 4 0 , 7 4 2 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 1 ) . I n t h e i n s ta n t m a tte r , a t t h e s u p p re s s i o n h e a r i n g t h i s co u rt f o u n d t h a t t h e p h o to a r ra ys we re n o t u n d u l y s u g g e s t i v e a n d t h e w i t n e s s h a d a n i n d e p e n d e n t b a s i s f o r i d e n t i fi ca t i o n . M s . L ew i s wa s u n a b l e to m a ke a n i d e n t i fi ca t i o n o f D e f e n d a n t , b u t M s . O ' L e a r

y cl e a rl y h a d s u ff

i ci e n t t i m e to o b s e r

v e t h e D e f

e n d a n t a t t h e t i m e o f t h e c ri m e . O n ce t h e two m e n a r r i v e d , M s . O ' L e a ry l e t t h e m i n to t h e h a ll wa y a n d 1 5to l d t h e m to g o u p t h e s te p s , b e ca u s e s h e wa s o n t h e to p fl o o r . I d . a t p . 5 5 , I . 1 7 -

2 4 . S h e te s t i fi e d t h a t n o t h i n g wa s co ve ri n g e i t h e r o f t h e two m e n ' s fa c e s . I d . a t p . 5 6 , I . 4 - 6 . M s . O ' L e a r

y wa s a b l e to re co g n i z e M r . L ew i s w h e n s h e s aw h i m , b u t D e f e n d a n t M b ewe h a d a h o o d o n . I d . a t p . 5 6 , I . 7 - 1 1 . M s . O ' L e a ry wa s a b l e to i d e n t i f y t h e D e f

e n d a n t , t h e p e rs o n w h o a r r i v e d w i t h M r . L ew i s o n t h e d a y o f t h e ro b b e ry , i n t h e co u rt ro o m a s t h e o n e we a r i n g t h e re d j u m p s u i t . I d . a t p . 5 6 , 

### I. 1 2 - 

### 2 1 . Acco rd i n g to M s . O ' L e a r y , L o t i/ D e f

e n d a n t we n t u p t h e s ta i rs fi rs t , w i t h M r . L ew i s r i g h t b e h i n d h i m , t h e n M s . L ew i s a n d M s . O ' L e a ry l a s t . I d . a t p . 5 7 , I . 3 - 1 1 . W h e n M s . O ' L e a r

y wa l ke d i n to t h e a p a rt m e n t , D e f e n d a n t wa s s i tt i n g d ow n o n a k i tc h e n c h a i r a n d M r . L ew i s wa s s ta n d i n g b y t h e re fri g e ra to r . I d . a t 

### I. 1 8 - 2 0 . M s . L ew i s wa s i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m . I d . a t p . 5 8 , I . 2 - 3 . M s . O ' L e a r y a s ke d t h e m e n i f t h e y h a d t h e d ru g s to w h i c h t h e y re s p o n d e d , " ye s . T h e y ' re t h e w h i te o n e s . T e n m i lli g ra m s . " I d . a t 1 . 4 - 9 . S h e a s ke d t h e m to s h ow h e r t h e d ru g s , b u t t h e y a s ke d f o r t h e m o n e y fi rs t . I d . a t I . 1 4 - 1 5 . S h e t h e n g ra b b e d h e r m o n e y fro m h e r wa ll e t w h i c h wa s o n t h e co u c h i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m . I d . a t I . 2 0 - 2 5 . As s o o n a s s h e wa s re a d y 

# to p u ll o u t t h e m o n e y , t h e D e f e n d a n t wa s h o l d i n g a g u n a b o u t fi v e f e e t fro m h e r fa ce . I d . a t p . 5 9 , 

### I. 1 0 - 1 7 . M r . L ew i s s a i d " j u s t g i v e m e t h e m o n e y . " I d . a t I . 2 3 - 2 4 . M � . O ' L e a r

y g a v e M r . L ew i s t h e m o n e y b e ca u s e h e r d a u g h te r wa s i n t h e l i v i n g ro o m s l e e p i n g a n d t h e re wa s a g u n i n v o l v e d . I d . a t p . 60 , I . 2 - 7 . S h e wa s co n ce rn e d s h e co u l d b e s h o t . I d . a t 

### I. 8 - 9 . M r . L ew i s to o k t h e m o n e y a n d p u t i t i n h i s p o c ke t , a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e , M s . L ew i s s ta rte d to co m e i n t o t h e k i tc h e n u n t i l s h e s aw t h e g u n . I d . a t I . 1 0 - 1 8 . A l t h o u g h M s . O ' L e a ry d i d n o t t e s t i fy to t h e a m o u n t o f t i m e s h e wa s a b l e to o b s e r v e t h e D e f

e n d a n t d u ri n g t h e c r i m e , t h e

1 6fa ct u a l s ce n a ri o s h e p a i n te d e s ta b l i s h e s s h e wa s w i t h D e f e n d a n t f o r a s u b s ta n t i a l p e ri o d o f t i m e . S h e wa s fa ce to fa ce w i t h h i m w h e n h e p o i n te d t h e g u n a t h e r .

M s . O ' L e a r

y wa s n e xt a s ke d to i n s p e ct w h a t h a s b e e n m a r ke d Ex h i b i t 2 . S h e l o o ke d a t a ll 1 0 i te m s a n d re co g n i z e d p i ct u re s fro m t h e p h o to l i n e u p to i d e n t i fy ( L o t i ) D e f

e n d a n t . S h e a d m i tte d t h a t t h e re wa s h e r h a n d w r i t i n g o n t h e re v e rs e s i d e o f N o . 6 , w h e re s h e w ro te , " H e l d g u n i n h o m e ro b b e r y , 9 5 p e rce n t , m y s i g n a t u re a n d 

### 1 0/ 1 4/ 1 5 . " I d . 

### at p . 7 4 , I . 1 3 

### th ro u gh p . 7 5 , I . 3 . M s . O ' L e a r y te s t i fi e d t h a t t h e p o l ice o ff i ce rs n e v e r p ro m i s e d h e r a n yt h i n g i f s h e a g re e d to p i c k o u t a ce rta i n p h o to ; t h e o f fi ce rs n e v e r t h re a te n e d h e r t h a t s h e h a d to p i c k o u t o n e o f t h e p h o to s : a n d s h e p e rs o n a ll y p i c ke d o u t t h e p h o to o f L o t i b e ca u s e s h e re m e m b e re d h i s fa ce fro m t h e ro b b e ry . I d . a t 

### p . 7 7 , I . 

### 6 - 1 9 . M s . O ' L e a r

v , w h o wa s i n re l a t i v e l y cl o s e p ro x i m i ty to t h e D e fe n d a n t , d e m o n s t ra te d a h i g h d e g re e o f a tte n t i o n i n t h e m a tte r , a s s h e wa s a b l e to re co u n t t h e D e f

e n d a n t ' s m o ve m e n ts t h ro u g h o u t t h e d u ra t i o n o f t h e i n c i d e n t . T h e p h o to a r ra y d i d n o t c re a te a s u b s ta n t i a l l i ke l i h o o d o f m i s i d e n t i fi ca t i o n . M s . O ' L e a r y d i s p l a ye d a h i g h l e ve l o f ce rta i n ty i n h e r i d e n t i fi ca t i o n to D e te ct i v e Ke rt i s . M s . O ' L e a r

y ' s i d e n t i fi ca t i o n a t t h e t i m e o f t h e a r ra y a n d a t t h e s u p p re s s i o n h e a r i n g wa s u n e q u i v o ca l a n d i m m e d i a te . S h e p o s i t i v e l y i d e n t i fi e d t h e D e f e n d a n t a t e a c h o p p o rt u n i ty to d o s o . T h i s co u rt p ro p e rl y co n cl u d e d M s . O ' L e a r y h a d a n i n d e p e n d e n t b a s i s f

o r h e r I d e n t i fi ca t i o n . As s u c h , t h i s co u rt b e l i e v e s i ts fa ct u a l fi n d i n g a re s u p p o rte d b y t h e re co rd , n o e r ro r i n t h e l e g a l co n cl u s i o n wa s d raw n t h e re fro m , a n d D e f e n d a n t ' s cl a i m m u s t fa i l.

1 7T h e D e f e n d a n t ' s s e co n d a ll e g e d e r ro r o n a p p e a l i s t h a t t h e t ri a l co u rt re a c h e d a ve rd i ct t h a t wa s co n t ra r y to t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce . H e cl a i m s n e i t h e r w i t n e s s wa s a b l e to i d e n t i f y t h e D e f

e n d a n t b a s e d u p o n t h e i r ow n i n d e p e n d e n t re co ll e ct i o n s of t h e e v e n t . H owe v e r , t h i s a s s e rt i o n off e rs D e f e n d a n t n o g re a te r re f u g e t h a n h i s p ri o r cl a i m . I n e s s e n ce , i t i s t h e exa ct s a m e cl a i m a s t h e fi rst" a ll e g e d e r ro r a n d t h i s co u rt n e e d n o t a d d re s s i t a n y fu rt h e r . N e xt , D e f

e n d a n t cl a i m s t h a t D e te ct i v e B a ke r te s t i f i e d t h a t t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e a cto r p ro v i d e d b y t h e w i t n e s s d i d n o t m a t c h t h e p h ys i ca l d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e D e f e n d a n t , b u t t h e D e te ct i v e i n cl u d e d t h e D e f e n d a n t ' s p h o to i n t h e a r ra y d u e to t h e u s e o f t h e n a m e " L o t l . " F i n a ll y , D e f

e n d a n t a s s e ts t h a t t h e v ict i m s of t h i s ro b b e ry wa i te d a s u b s ta n t i a l p e r i o d of t i m e b e f

o re re p o rt i n g t h i s i n ci d e n t . T h e d e te r m i n a t i o n of w h e t h e r a ve rd i ct i s a g a i n s t t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce i s g o v e rn e d b y t h e f

o ll ow i n g s ta n d a rd : T h e we i g h t of t h e e v i d e n ce i s excl u s i v e l y f o r t h e fi n d e r o f fa ct w h o i s fre e to . b e l i e v e a ll , p a rt , o r n o n e o f t h e e v i d e n ce a n d to d e te r m i n e t h e c re d i b i l i ty o f t h e w i t n e s s e s . A n a p p e ll a te co u rt ca n n o t s u b s t i t u te i ts j u d g m e n t fo r t h a t o f t h e fi n d e r of fa ct . T h u s , we m a y . 1 8o n l y re s e r v e t h e l owe r co u rt ' s ve rd ict i f i t s o co n t ra r y to t h e e v i d e n ce a s to s h o c k o n e ' s s e n s e o f j u s t i ce . Co m m o n w

e a lt h v . Ch a mp n ey

, 8 3 2 A . 2 d 

### 4 0 3 , 4 0 8 (P a . 2 0 0 3 ) . W i t h re s p e ct to a we i g h t c h a ll e n g e b a s e d o n t h e c re d i b i l i ty o f w i t n e s s te s t i m o n y , t h e S u p e ri o r C o u rt h a s h e l d :

" W h e n t h e c h a ll e n g e to t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce i s p re d i ca te d o n t h e c re d i b i l i ty o f t r i a l te s t i m o n y , o u r re v i ew o f t h e t ri a l co u rt ' s d e ci s i o n i s ext re m e l y l i m i te d . G e n e ra ll y , u n l e s s t h e e v i d e n ce i s s o u n re l i a b l e a n d /o r co n t ra d i cto ry a s to m a ke a n y v e rd i ct b a s e d t h e re o n p u re co nj e ct u re , t h e s e ty p e s o f cl a i m s a re n o t co g n i z a b l e o n a p p e ll a te re v i ew . M o re o v e r, w h e re t h e t ri a l co u rt h a s r u l e d o n t h e we i g h t cl a i m b e l ow , a n a p p e ll a te co u rt ' s r u l e i s n o t to co n s i d e r t h e u n d e r l y i n g q u e s t i o n 

### o f w h e t h e r t h e ve rd ict i s a g a i n s t t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce . Ra t h e r , a p p e ll a te re v i ew i s l i m i te d to w h e t h e r t h e t ri a l co u rt c u l p a b l y a b u s e d i ts d i s c re t i o n i n ru l i n g o n a we i g h t cl a i m . " Co m m o n w

e a lt h v . T r i pp e rt , 

### 9 3 2 A . 2 d 1 8 8 , 1 9 8 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 7 ) , q u o t i n g Co m m o n w

e a lt h v . Ro ss e tt i , 8 6 3 A . 2 d 1 1 8 5 , 1 1 9 1 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 4 ) . F u rt h e r, a c h a ll e n g e to t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce co n ce d e s t h a t s u ff i c i e n t e v i d e n ce ex i s ts to s u s ta i n t h e v e rd i ct , b u t q u e s t i o n s w h ic h e v i d e n ce i s to b e b e li e v e d . Co m m o n w

e a lt h 

### v, Ch a r lt o n , 9 0 2 A . 2 d 5 5 4 , 5 6 1 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 6 ) . A n ew · . t r i a l s h o u l d n o t b e g ra n te d b e ca u s e o f a m e re co n fl ict i n t h e te s t i m o n y o r b e ca u s e t h e j u d g e o n t h e s a m e fa cts wo u l d h a v e a r r i v e d a t a d i ff e re n t co n cl u s i o n . Co m m o n w

e a lt h v . W id m e r , 7 4 4 A . 2 d 7 4 5 ( P a . 2 0 0 0 ) . W h e n a d e f e n d a n t cl a i m s

1 9t h a t a v e rd i ct i s a g a i n s t t h e we i g h t of t h e e v i d e n ce , t h e ro l e o f t h e t r i a l j u d g e i s to

d e te r m i n e t h a t n o tw i t h s ta n d i n g a ll t h e fa cts , ce rta i n fa cts a re s o cl e a r l y o f g re a te r we i g h t t h a t to i g n o re t h e m , o r to g i v e t h e m e q u a l we i g h t w i t h a l l t h e o t h e r fa cts , i s to d e n y j u s t ice . Co m m o n w e a lt h v . F i sh e r , 4 7 A . 3 d a s s , 1 5 8 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 1 2 ) app e a l de n i

e d , 6 2 A . 3 d 3 7 8 ( P a . 2 0 1 3 ) . T h i s C o u rt ' s fi n d i n g t h a t M s . O ' L e a r y wa s a c re d i b l e w i t n e s s i s s u p p o rte d b y t h e e v i d e n ce o f re co rd , a s fu ll y s e t f o rt h a b o v e i n D i s c u s s i on A . W i t h re g a rd to t h e cl a i m t h e D e te ct i v e B a ke r s h o u l d n o t h a v e i n cl u d e d t h e D e f e n d a n t ' s p h o to i n t h e a r ra y , h e 

### fu ll y ex p l a i n e d : T owa rd s t h e e n d of t h e s e co n d i n te rv i e w , S e rg e a n t B a ke r m a d e a r ra n g e m e n ts fo r two d i ff e re n t p h o to a r ra ys to b e p re s e n te d to b o t h wo m e n . 

### I d . a t 

### p , 1 1 3 , I . 1 3 - 2 5 . H e a g re e d t h a t t h e p h o to a r ra ys we re t h e o n e s s h ow n to M s . O ' L e a r

y i n co u rt a s C o m m o n we a l t h ' s Ex h i b i ts 1 a n d 2 . 

### I d . a t p . 1 1 4 , I . 1 - 6 . S e rg e a n t B a ke r i d e n t i fi e d t h e D e f e n d a n t i n co u rt a s t h e p e rs o n w h o s e i m a g e a p p e a re d i n t h e p h o to a r ra y i n Ex h i b i t 2 . 

### I d . a t p . 1 1 4 , I . 1 4- 2 5 . W h e n S e rg e a n t B a ke r wa s a s ke d h ow h e wa s a b l e to co n s t ru ct t h e s e two p h o to a r ra ys b e f o re h e m e t w i t h t h e two wo m e n , h e re s p o n d e d " M r . M b ew e wa s a l re a d y a d e f e n d a n t o n a p re v i o u s l y fi l e d ca s e of m i n e b e f o re I h a d l e ft p a t ro l a n d we n t to h e a d q u a rte rs . Ad d i t i o n a ll y , w h e n I fi rs t s aw t h a t t h e s u s p e cts n a m e s we re J o e a n d L o t i , J o e wa s a w h i te m a l e , L o t i wa s a b l a c k m a l e , f o r a n u m b e r o f ye a rs I h a d 2 0wo r ke d t h e 3 3 2 7 ca r , w h i c h i s t h e M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n ca r i n Z o n e 3 s ta t i o n , a n d

b o t h t h e s e i n d i v i d u a l s we re a l wa ys u p t h e re . I wa s fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e m , b e l i e ve d t h a t t h e y we re p ro b a b l y t h e s a m e p e o p l e , a n d e ff e ct i v e l y j u s t m o v e d o u t o n a h u n c h . " 

### I d . a t p . 1 1 5 , I . 

### 2 - 1 5 . H e wa s a l s o awa re t h a t M r. L ew i s h a d re ce n t l y l e f t M o u n t Wa s h i n g to n a n d m o v e d to t h e C a r r i c k a re a n o t fa r fro m w h e re t h i s h o m e i n va s i o n o c c u r re d . 

### I d . a t p . 1 1 5 , I . 

### 2 1 t h ro u g h p . 1 1 6 , I . 1 . F i n a ll y , M s . O ' L e a r

y d i d n o t wa i t a s u b s ta n t i a l t i m e b e f o re re p o rt i n g t h e ro b b e r y , I n fa ct , s h e ca ll e d t h e p o l i ce t h a t ve r y s a m e e v e n i n g a f

te r M s . L ew i s l e f

t h e r a p a rt m e n t . T h e fa ct t h a t s h e i n i t i a ll y c h o s e n o t to m e n t i o n t h e d ru g t ra n s a ct i o n h a s n o b e a ri n g o n t h e fa ct a ro b b e r y d i d o cc u r. F o r t h e f o re g o i n g re a s o n s , t h i s co u rt d i d n o t a b u s e i ts d i s c re t i o n i n d e n y i n g D e f e n d a n t ' s M o t i o n f

o r a N ew T ri a l o n t h e g ro u n d s t h e ve rd i ct wa s a g a i n s t t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce . T h e v e rd i ct wa s n o t co n t ra r y to t h e we i g h t o f t h e e v i d e n ce a n d t h e co n v i ct i o n s h o u l d s ta n d . C O N C L U S I O N B a s e d o n t h e f

o re g o i n g , t h e j u d g m e n t o f s e n te n ce i m p o s e d b y t h i s C o u rt s h o u l d b e A F F I R M E D .

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